xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 12736141)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
424#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
425#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
426#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
427/* end-of-error-codes */
428
429/*
430** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
431** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
432** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
433**
434** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
435** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
436** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
437** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
438** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
439** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
440** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
441** on a per database connection basis using the
442** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
443**
444** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
445** One may expect the number of extended result codes will increase
446** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
447** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
448**
449** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
450** be exactly zero.
451*/
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
478#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
479#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
486#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
487#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
488#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
489#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
490#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
492#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
493#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
494#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
495#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
497#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
498#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
499#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
501#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
502#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
503#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
504
505/*
506** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
507**
508** These bit values are intended for use in the
509** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
510** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
511*/
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
524#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
525#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
526#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
527#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
528#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
529#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
532
533/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
534
535/*
536** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
537**
538** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
539** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
540** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
541** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
542** refers to.
543**
544** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
545** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
546** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
547** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
548** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
549** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
550** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
551** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
552** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
553** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
554** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
555** file that were written at the application level might have changed
556** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
557** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
558** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
559** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
560** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
561** elevated privileges.
562*/
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
569#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
570#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
571#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
572#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
573#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
574#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
575#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
576#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
577
578/*
579** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
580**
581** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
582** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
583** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
584*/
585#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
586#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
587#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
588#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
589#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
590
591/*
592** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
593**
594** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
595** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
596** these integer values as the second argument.
597**
598** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
599** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
600** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
601** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
602** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
603** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
604**
605** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
606** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
607** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
608** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
609** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
610** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
611** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
612** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
613** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
614** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
615** cares about the difference.)
616*/
617#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
618#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
619#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
620
621/*
622** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
623**
624** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
625** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
626** implementations will
627** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
628** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
629** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
630** I/O operations on the open file.
631*/
632typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
633struct sqlite3_file {
634  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
635};
636
637/*
638** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
639**
640** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
641** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
642** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
643** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
644** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
645**
646** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
647** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
648** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
649** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
650** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
651** to NULL.
652**
653** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
654** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
655** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
656** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
657** and not its inode needs to be synced.
658**
659** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
660** <ul>
661** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
662** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
663** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
664** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
665** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
666** </ul>
667** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
668** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
669** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
670** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
671** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
672**
673** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
674** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
675** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
676** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
677** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
678** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
679** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
680** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
681** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
682** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
683** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
684** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
685** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
686** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
687** recognize.
688**
689** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
690** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
691** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
692** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
693** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
694** underlying device:
695**
696** <ul>
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
700** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
701** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
702** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
703** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
704** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
705** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
706** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
707** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
708** </ul>
709**
710** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
711** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
712** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
713** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
714** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
715** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
716** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
717** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
718** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
719** to xWrite().
720**
721** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
722** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
723** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
724** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
725** database corruption.
726*/
727typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
728struct sqlite3_io_methods {
729  int iVersion;
730  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
731  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
732  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
733  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
734  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
735  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
736  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
737  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
738  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
739  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
740  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
741  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
742  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
743  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
744  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
745  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
746  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
747  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
748  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
749  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
750  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
751  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
752};
753
754/*
755** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
756**
757** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
758** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
759** interface.
760**
761** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
762** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
763** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
764** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
765** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
766** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
767** is defined.
768** <ul>
769** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
770** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
771** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
772** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
773** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
774** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
775** file run faster.
776**
777** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
778** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
779** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
780** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
781** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
782** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
783** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
784** improve performance on some systems.
785**
786** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
787** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
788** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
789** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
790** additional information.
791**
792** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
793** No longer in use.
794**
795** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
796** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
797** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
798** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
799** because the user has configured SQLite with
800** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
801** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
802** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
803** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
804** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
805** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
806** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
807** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
808**
809** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
810** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
811** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
812** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
813** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
814** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
815** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
816**
817** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
818** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
819** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
820** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
821** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
822** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
823** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
824** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
825** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
826** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
827** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
828** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
829** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
830** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
831** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
832** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
833**
834** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
835** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
836** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
837** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
838** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
839** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
840** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
841** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
842** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
843** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
844** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
845** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
846** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
847** WAL persistence setting.
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
850** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
851** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
852** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
853** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
854** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
855** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
856** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
857** zero-damage mode setting.
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
860** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
861** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
862** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
863** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
866** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
867** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
868** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
869** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
870** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
871** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
872** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
873** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
874** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
875** is intended for diagnostic use only.
876**
877** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
878** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
879** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
880** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
881** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
882** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
883** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
884** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
885** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
886** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
887** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
888** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
889** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
890** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
891** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
892** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
893** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
894** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
895** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
896** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
897** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
898** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
899**
900** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
901** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
902** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
903** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
904** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
905** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
906** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
907** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
908** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
909** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
910** current operation.
911**
912** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
913** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
914** to have SQLite generate a
915** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
916** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
917** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
918** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
919** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
920**
921** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
922** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
923** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
924** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
925** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
926** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
927** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
928** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
929** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
930**
931** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
932** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
933** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
934** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
935** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
936** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
937** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
940** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
941** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
942** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
943** was first opened.
944**
945** </ul>
946*/
947#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
948#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
949#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
950#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
951#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
952#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
967#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
968
969/*
970** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
971**
972** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
973** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
974** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
975** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
976**
977** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
978*/
979typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
980
981/*
982** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
983**
984** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
985** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
986** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
987** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
988**
989** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
990** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
991** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
992** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
993** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
994** modified.
995**
996** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
997** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
998** a pathname in this VFS.
999**
1000** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1001** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1002** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1003** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1004** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1005** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1006**
1007** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1008** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1009** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1010** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1011** object once the object has been registered.
1012**
1013** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1014** be unique across all VFS modules.
1015**
1016** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1017** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1018** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1019** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1020** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1021** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1022** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1023** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1024** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1025** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1026** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1027** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1028** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1029** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1030** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1031** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1032**
1033** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1034** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1035** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1036** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1037** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1038** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1039**
1040** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1041** call, depending on the object being opened:
1042**
1043** <ul>
1044** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1045** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1046** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1047** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1048** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1049** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1050** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1051** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1052** </ul>)^
1053**
1054** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1055** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1056** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1057** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1058** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1059** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1060** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1061** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1062**
1063** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1064**
1065** <ul>
1066** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1067** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1068** </ul>
1069**
1070** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1071** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1072** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1073** databases, and subjournals.
1074**
1075** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1076** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1077** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1078** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1079** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1080** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1081** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1082** for exclusive access.
1083**
1084** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1085** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1086** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1087** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1088** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1089** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1090** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1091** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1092** or failure of the xOpen call.
1093**
1094** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1095** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1096** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1097** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1098** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1099** directory.
1100**
1101** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1102** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1103** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1104** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1105** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1106** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1107**
1108** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1109** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1110** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1111** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1112** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1113** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1114** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1115** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1116** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1117** a floating point value.
1118** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1119** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1120** a 24-hour day).
1121** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1122** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1123** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1124** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1125**
1126** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1127** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1128** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1129** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1130** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1131** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1132** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1133** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1134** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1135** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1136** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1137*/
1138typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1139typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1140struct sqlite3_vfs {
1141  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1142  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1143  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1144  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1145  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1146  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1147  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1148               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1149  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1150  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1151  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1152  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1153  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1154  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1155  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1156  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1157  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1158  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1159  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1160  /*
1161  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1162  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1163  */
1164  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1165  /*
1166  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1167  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1168  */
1169  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1170  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1171  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1172  /*
1173  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1174  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1175  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1176  */
1177};
1178
1179/*
1180** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1181**
1182** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1183** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1184** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1185** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1186** simply checks whether the file exists.
1187** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1188** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1189** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1190** the directory).
1191** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1192** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1193** release of SQLite.
1194** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1195** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1196** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1197** SQLite.
1198*/
1199#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1200#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1201#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1202
1203/*
1204** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1205**
1206** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1207** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1208** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1209** xShmLock method:
1210**
1211** <ul>
1212** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1213** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1214** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1215** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1216** </ul>
1217**
1218** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1219** was given no the corresponding lock.
1220**
1221** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1222** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1223** and EXCLUSIVE.
1224*/
1225#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1226#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1227#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1228#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1229
1230/*
1231** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1232**
1233** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1234** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1235** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1236** lock outside of this range
1237*/
1238#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1239
1240
1241/*
1242** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1243**
1244** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1245** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1246** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1247** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1248** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1249** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1250**
1251** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1252** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1253** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1254** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1255** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1256** are harmless no-ops.)^
1257**
1258** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1259** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1260** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1261** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1262**
1263** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1264** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1265** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1266** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1267** sqlite3_shutdown().
1268**
1269** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1270** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1271** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1272**
1273** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1274** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1275** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1276** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1277**
1278** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1279** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1280** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1281** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1282** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1283** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1284** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1285** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1286** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1287** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1288** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1289** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1290** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1291** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1292**
1293** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1294** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1295** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1296** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1297** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1298** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1299** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1300**
1301** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1302** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1303** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1304** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1305** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1306** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1307** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1308** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1309** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1310** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1311** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1312** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1313** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1314** failure.
1315*/
1316int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1317int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1318int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1319int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1320
1321/*
1322** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1323**
1324** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1325** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1326** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1327** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1328** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1329**
1330** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1331** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1332** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1333** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1334** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1335** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1336** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1337** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1338** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1339**
1340** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1341** [configuration option] that determines
1342** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1343** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1344** in the first argument.
1345**
1346** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1347** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1348** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1349*/
1350int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1351
1352/*
1353** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1354**
1355** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1356** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1357** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1358** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1359**
1360** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1361** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1362** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1363** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1364**
1365** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1366** the call is considered successful.
1367*/
1368int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1369
1370/*
1371** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1372**
1373** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1374** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1375**
1376** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1377** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1378** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1379** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1380** By creating an instance of this object
1381** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1382** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1383** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1384** dynamic memory needs.
1385**
1386** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1387** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1388** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1389** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1390** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1391** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1392** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1393** conditions.
1394**
1395** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1396** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1397** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1398** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1399**
1400** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1401** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1402** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1403**
1404** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1405** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1406** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1407** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1408** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1409** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1410** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1411**
1412** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1413** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1414** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1415** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1416** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1417** xInit and xShutdown.
1418**
1419** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1420** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1421** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1422** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1423** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1424** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1425** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1426** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1427** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1428** serialization.
1429**
1430** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1431** call to xShutdown().
1432*/
1433typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1434struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1435  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1436  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1437  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1438  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1439  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1440  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1441  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1442  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1443};
1444
1445/*
1446** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1447** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1448**
1449** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1450** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1451**
1452** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1453** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1454** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1455** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1456** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1457** is invoked.
1458**
1459** <dl>
1460** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1461** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1462** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1463** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1464** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1465** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1466** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1467** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1468** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1469** configuration option.</dd>
1470**
1471** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1472** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1473** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1474** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1475** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1476** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1477** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1478** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1479** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1480** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1481** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1482** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1483** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1484**
1485** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1486** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1487** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1488** all mutexes including the recursive
1489** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1490** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1491** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1492** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1493** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1494** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1495** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1496** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1497** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1498** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1499** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1500**
1501** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1502** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1503** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1504** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1505** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1506** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1507** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1508**
1509** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1510** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1511** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1512** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1513** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1514** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1515** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1516**
1517** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1518** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1519** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1520** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1521** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1522**   <ul>
1523**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1524**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1525**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1526**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1527**   </ul>)^
1528** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1529** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1530** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1531** </dd>
1532**
1533** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1534** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1535** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1536** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1537** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1538** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1539** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1540** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1541** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1542** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1543** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1544** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1545** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1546** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1547** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1548**
1549** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1550** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1551** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1552** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1553** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1554** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1555** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1556** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1557** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1558** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1559** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1560** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1561** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1562** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1563** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1564** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1565** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1566** The pointer in the first argument must
1567** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1568** will be undefined.</dd>
1569**
1570** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1571** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1572** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1573** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1574** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1575** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1576** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1577** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1578** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1579** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1580** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1581** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1582** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1583** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1584** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1585** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1586**
1587** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1588** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1589** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1590** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1591** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1592** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1593** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1594** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1595** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1596** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1597** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1598**
1599** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1600** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1601** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1602** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1603** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1604** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1605** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1606** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1607** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1608** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1609** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1610** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1611**
1612** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1613** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1614** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1615** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1616** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1617** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1618** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1619** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1620** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1621**
1622** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1623** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1624** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1625** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1626** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1627**
1628** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1629** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1630** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1631** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1632**
1633** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1634** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1635** global [error log].
1636** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1637** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1638** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1639** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1640** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1641** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1642** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1643** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1644** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1645** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1646** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1647** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1648** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1649** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1650** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1651** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1652**
1653** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1654** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1655** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1656** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1657** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1658** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1659** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1660** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1661** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1662** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1663** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1664** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1665**
1666** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1667** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1668** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1669** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1670** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1671** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1672** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1673** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1674** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1675** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1676** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1677**
1678** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1679** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1680** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1681** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1682** </dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1685** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1686** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1687** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1688** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1689** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1690** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1691** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1692** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1693** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1694** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1695** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1696** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1697** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1698** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1699** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1700**
1701** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1702** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1703** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1704** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1705** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1706** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1707** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1708** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1709** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1710** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1711** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1712** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1713** changed to its compile-time default.
1714**
1715** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1716** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1717** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1718** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1719** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1720** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1721** </dl>
1722*/
1723#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1724#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1725#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1726#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1727#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1728#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1729#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1730#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1731#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1732#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1733#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1734/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1735#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1736#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1737#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1738#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1739#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1740#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1741#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1742#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1743#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1744#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1745#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1746
1747/*
1748** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1749**
1750** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1751** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1752**
1753** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1754** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1755** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1756** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1757** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1758** is invoked.
1759**
1760** <dl>
1761** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1762** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1763** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1764** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1765** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1766** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1767** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1768** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1769** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1770** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1771** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1772** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1773** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1774** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1775** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1776** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1777** when the "current value" returned by
1778** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1779** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1780** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1781** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1782**
1783** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1784** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1785** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1786** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1787** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1788** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1789** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1790** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1791** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1792**
1793** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1794** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1795** There should be two additional arguments.
1796** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1797** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1798** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1799** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1800** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1801** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1802**
1803** </dl>
1804*/
1805#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1806#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1807#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1808
1809
1810/*
1811** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1812**
1813** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1814** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1815** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1816*/
1817int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1818
1819/*
1820** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1821**
1822** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1823** has a unique 64-bit signed
1824** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1825** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1826** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1827** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1828** is another alias for the rowid.
1829**
1830** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1831** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1832** on database connection D.
1833** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1834** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1835** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1836** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1837**
1838** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1839** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1840** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1841** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1842** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1843** table method began.)^
1844**
1845** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1846** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1847** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1848** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1849** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1850** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1851** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1852** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1853** the return value of this interface.)^
1854**
1855** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1856** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1857**
1858** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1859** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1860**
1861** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1862** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1863** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1864** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1865** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1866** last insert [rowid].
1867*/
1868sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1869
1870/*
1871** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1872**
1873** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1874** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1875** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1876** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1877** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1878** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1879** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1880** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1881**
1882** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1883** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1884**
1885** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1886** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1887** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1888** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1889** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1890**
1891** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1892** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1893** Most SQL statements are
1894** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1895** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1896** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1897** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1898**
1899** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1900** not create a new trigger context.
1901**
1902** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1903** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1904** trigger context.
1905**
1906** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1907** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1908** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1909** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1910** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1911** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1912** However, the number returned does not include changes
1913** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1914**
1915** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1916** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1917**
1918** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1919** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1920** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1921*/
1922int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1923
1924/*
1925** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1926**
1927** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1928** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1929** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1930** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1931** [foreign key actions]. However,
1932** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1933** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1934** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1935** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1936** are counted.)^
1937** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1938** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1939** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1940**
1941** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1942** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1943**
1944** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1945** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1946** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1947*/
1948int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1949
1950/*
1951** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1952**
1953** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1954** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1955** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1956** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1957** immediately.
1958**
1959** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1960** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1961** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1962** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1963**
1964** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1965** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1966** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1967**
1968** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1969** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1970** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1971** will be rolled back automatically.
1972**
1973** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1974** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1975** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1976** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1977** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1978** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1979** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1980** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1981** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1982** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1983**
1984** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1985** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1986*/
1987void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1988
1989/*
1990** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1991**
1992** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1993** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1994** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1995** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1996** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1997** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1998** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1999** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2000** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2001** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2002** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2003**
2004** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2005** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2006**
2007** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2008** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2009**
2010** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2011** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2012** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2013** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2014** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2015**
2016** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2017** UTF-8 string.
2018**
2019** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2020** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2021*/
2022int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2023int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2024
2025/*
2026** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2027**
2028** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
2029** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
2030** or process has locked.
2031**
2032** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2033** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2034** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2035**
2036** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2037** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2038** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2039** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
2040** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2041** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
2042** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2043** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
2044**
2045** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2046** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2047** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2048** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
2049** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2050** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2051** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2052** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2053** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2054** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2055** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2056** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2057** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2058** the second process to proceed.
2059**
2060** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2061**
2062** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2063** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
2064** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
2065** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
2066** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
2067** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
2068** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
2069** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
2070** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
2071** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
2072** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
2073** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
2074** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
2075** this is important.
2076**
2077** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2078** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2079** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2080** will also set or clear the busy handler.
2081**
2082** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2083** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
2084** result in undefined behavior.
2085**
2086** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2087** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2088*/
2089int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2090
2091/*
2092** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2093**
2094** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2095** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2096** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2097** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2098** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2099** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
2100**
2101** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2102** turns off all busy handlers.
2103**
2104** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2105** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
2106** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2107** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2108*/
2109int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2110
2111/*
2112** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2113**
2114** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2115** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2116**
2117** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2118** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2119** complete query results from one or more queries.
2120**
2121** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2122** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2123** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2124** and M be the number of columns.
2125**
2126** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2127** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2128** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2129** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2130** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2131** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2132**
2133** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2134** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2135** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2136**
2137** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2138** is as follows:
2139**
2140** <blockquote><pre>
2141**        Name        | Age
2142**        -----------------------
2143**        Alice       | 43
2144**        Bob         | 28
2145**        Cindy       | 21
2146** </pre></blockquote>
2147**
2148** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2149** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2150** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2151**
2152** <blockquote><pre>
2153**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2154**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2155**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2156**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2157**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2158**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2159**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2160**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2161** </pre></blockquote>)^
2162**
2163** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2164** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2165** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2166** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2167**
2168** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2169** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2170** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2171** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2172** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2173** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2174**
2175** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2176** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2177** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2178** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2179** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2180** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2181** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2182*/
2183int sqlite3_get_table(
2184  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2185  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2186  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2187  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2188  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2189  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2190);
2191void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2192
2193/*
2194** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2195**
2196** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2197** from the standard C library.
2198**
2199** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2200** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2201** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2202** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2203** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2204** memory to hold the resulting string.
2205**
2206** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2207** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2208** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2209** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2210** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2211** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2212** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2213** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2214** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2215** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2216** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2217** now without breaking compatibility.
2218**
2219** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2220** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2221** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2222** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2223** written will be n-1 characters.
2224**
2225** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2226**
2227** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2228** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2229** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2230** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2231**
2232** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2233** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2234** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2235** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2236** the string.
2237**
2238** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2239**
2240** <blockquote><pre>
2241**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2242** </pre></blockquote>
2243**
2244** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2245**
2246** <blockquote><pre>
2247**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2248**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2249**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2250** </pre></blockquote>
2251**
2252** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2253** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2254**
2255** <blockquote><pre>
2256**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2257** </pre></blockquote>
2258**
2259** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2260** would have looked like this:
2261**
2262** <blockquote><pre>
2263**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2264** </pre></blockquote>
2265**
2266** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2267** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2268**
2269** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2270** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2271** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2272** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2273**
2274** <blockquote><pre>
2275**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2276**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2277**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2278** </pre></blockquote>
2279**
2280** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2281** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2282**
2283** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2284** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2285** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2286*/
2287char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2288char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2289char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2290char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2291
2292/*
2293** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2294**
2295** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2296** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2297** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2298** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2299**
2300** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2301** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2302** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2303** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2304** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2305** a NULL pointer.
2306**
2307** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2308** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2309** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2310** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2311** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2312** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2313** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2314** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2315** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2316** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2317**
2318** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2319** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2320** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2321** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2322** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2323** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2324** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2325** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2326** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2327** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2328** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2329** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2330** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2331** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2332** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2333** is not freed.
2334**
2335** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2336** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2337** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2338** option is used.
2339**
2340** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2341** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2342** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2343** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2344**
2345** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2346** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2347** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2348** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2349** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2350** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2351** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2352**
2353** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2354** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2355** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2356** not yet been released.
2357**
2358** The application must not read or write any part of
2359** a block of memory after it has been released using
2360** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2361*/
2362void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2363void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2364void sqlite3_free(void*);
2365
2366/*
2367** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2368**
2369** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2370** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2371** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2372**
2373** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2374** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2375** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2376** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2377** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2378** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2379** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2380** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2381** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2382**
2383** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2384** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2385** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2386** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2387** prior to the reset.
2388*/
2389sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2390sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2391
2392/*
2393** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2394**
2395** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2396** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2397** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2398** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2399** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2400**
2401** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2402** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2403**
2404** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2405** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2406** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2407** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2408** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2409** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2410** method.
2411*/
2412void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2413
2414/*
2415** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2416**
2417** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2418** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2419** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2420** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2421** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2422** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2423** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2424** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2425** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2426** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2427** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2428** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2429** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2430** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2431** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2432**
2433** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2434** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2435** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2436** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2437** access is denied.
2438**
2439** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2440** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2441** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2442** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2443** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2444** details about the action to be authorized.
2445**
2446** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2447** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2448** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2449** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2450** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2451** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2452** columns of a table.
2453** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2454** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2455** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2456**
2457** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2458** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2459** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2460** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2461** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2462** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2463** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2464** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2465** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2466** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2467**
2468** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2469** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2470** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2471** in addition to using an authorizer.
2472**
2473** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2474** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2475** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2476** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2477**
2478** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2479** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2480** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2481** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2482**
2483** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2484** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2485** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2486** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2487**
2488** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2489** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2490** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2491** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2492** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2493*/
2494int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2495  sqlite3*,
2496  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2497  void *pUserData
2498);
2499
2500/*
2501** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2502**
2503** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2504** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2505** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2506** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2507** information.
2508**
2509** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2510** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2511*/
2512#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2513#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2514
2515/*
2516** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2517**
2518** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2519** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2520** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2521** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2522** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2523**
2524** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2525** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2526** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2527** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2528** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2529** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2530** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2531** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2532** top-level SQL code.
2533*/
2534/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2535#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2536#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2537#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2538#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2539#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2540#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2541#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2542#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2543#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2544#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2545#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2546#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2547#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2548#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2549#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2550#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2551#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2552#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2553#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2554#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2555#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2556#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2557#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2558#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2559#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2560#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2561#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2562#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2563#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2564#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2565#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2566#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2567#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2568#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2569
2570/*
2571** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2572**
2573** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2574** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2575**
2576** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2577** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2578** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2579** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2580** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2581** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2582** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2583**
2584** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2585** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2586**
2587** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2588** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2589** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2590** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2591** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2592** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2593** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2594** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2595** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2596** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2597*/
2598void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2599SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2600   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2601
2602/*
2603** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2604**
2605** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2606** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2607** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2608** database connection D.  An example use for this
2609** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2610**
2611** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2612** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2613** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2614** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2615** handler is disabled.
2616**
2617** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2618** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2619** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2620** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2621** than 1.
2622**
2623** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2624** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2625** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2626**
2627** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2628** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2629** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2630** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2631**
2632*/
2633void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2634
2635/*
2636** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2637**
2638** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2639** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2640** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2641** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2642** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2643** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2644** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2645** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2646** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2647** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2648** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2649** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2650**
2651** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2652** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2653** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2654**
2655** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2656** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2657** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2658**
2659** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2660** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2661** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2662** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2663** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2664** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2665** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2666**
2667** <dl>
2668** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2669** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2670** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2671**
2672** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2673** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2674** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2675** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2676**
2677** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2678** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2679** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2680** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2681** </dl>
2682**
2683** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2684** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2685** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2686** then the behavior is undefined.
2687**
2688** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2689** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2690** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2691** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2692** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2693** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2694** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2695** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2696** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2697** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2698** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2699**
2700** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2701** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2702** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2703** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2704**
2705** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2706** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2707** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2708** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2709** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2710** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2711** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2712**
2713** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2714** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2715** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2716**
2717** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2718**
2719** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2720** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2721** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2722** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2723** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2724** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2725** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2726** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2727** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2728** information.
2729**
2730** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2731** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2732** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2733** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2734** present, is ignored.
2735**
2736** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2737** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2738** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2739** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2740** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2741** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2742** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2743**
2744** [[core URI query parameters]]
2745** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2746** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2747** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2748**
2749** <ul>
2750**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2751**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2752**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2753**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2754**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2755**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2756**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2757**
2758**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2759**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2760**     an error)^.
2761**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2762**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2763**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2764**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2765**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2766**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2767**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2768**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2769**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2770**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2771**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2772**
2773**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2774**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2775**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2776**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2777**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2778**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2779**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2780**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2781**
2782**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter may be "true" (or "on" or "yes" or
2783**     "1") or "false" (or "off" or "no" or "0") to indicate that the
2784**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2785**     storage media on which the database file resides.  ^The psow query
2786**     parameter only works for the built-in unix and Windows VFSes.
2787**
2788**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2789**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2790**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2791**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2792**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2793**     processes uses nolock=1.
2794**
2795**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2796**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2797**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2798**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2799**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2800**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2801**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2802**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2803**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2804**
2805** </ul>
2806**
2807** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2808** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2809** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2810** additional information.
2811**
2812** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2813**
2814** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2815** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2816** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2817**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2818** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2819**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2820**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2821**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2822** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2823**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2824** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2825**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2826**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2827**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2828**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2829**          in URI filenames.
2830** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2831**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2832**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2833**          default, use a private cache.
2834** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2835**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2836**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2837** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2838**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2839** </table>
2840**
2841** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2842** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2843** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2844** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2845** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2846** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2847** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2848** the results are undefined.
2849**
2850** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2851** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2852** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2853** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2854** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2855**
2856** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2857** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2858** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2859**
2860** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2861*/
2862int sqlite3_open(
2863  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2864  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2865);
2866int sqlite3_open16(
2867  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2868  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2869);
2870int sqlite3_open_v2(
2871  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2872  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2873  int flags,              /* Flags */
2874  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2875);
2876
2877/*
2878** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2879**
2880** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2881** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2882** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2883**
2884** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2885** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2886** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2887** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2888** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2889** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2890** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2891** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2892** a pointer to an empty string.
2893**
2894** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2895** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2896** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2897** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2898** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2899** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2900** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2901** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2902** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2903** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2904**
2905** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2906** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2907** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2908** zero is returned.
2909**
2910** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2911** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2912** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2913** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2914** undesirable.
2915*/
2916const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2917int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2918sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2919
2920
2921/*
2922** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2923**
2924** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2925** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2926** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2927** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2928** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2929** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2930** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2931** disabled.
2932**
2933** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2934** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2935** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2936** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2937** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2938** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2939**
2940** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2941** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2942** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2943** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2944**
2945** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2946** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2947** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2948** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2949** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2950** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2951** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2952** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2953** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2954**
2955** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2956** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2957** error code and message may or may not be set.
2958*/
2959int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2960int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2961const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2962const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2963const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2964
2965/*
2966** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2967** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2968**
2969** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2970** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2971** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2972**
2973** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2974**
2975** <ol>
2976** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2977**      function.
2978** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2979**      interfaces.
2980** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2981** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2982**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2983** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2984** </ol>
2985**
2986** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2987** information.
2988*/
2989typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2990
2991/*
2992** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2993**
2994** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2995** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2996** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2997** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2998** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2999** new limit for that construct.)^
3000**
3001** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3002** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3003** [limits | hard upper bound]
3004** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3005** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3006** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3007** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3008** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3009**
3010** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3011** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3012** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3013** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3014**
3015** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3016** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3017** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3018** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3019** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3020** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3021** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3022** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3023** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3024** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3025** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3026** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3027**
3028** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3029*/
3030int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3031
3032/*
3033** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3034** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3035**
3036** These constants define various performance limits
3037** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3038** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3039** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3040**
3041** <dl>
3042** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3043** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3044**
3045** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3046** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3047**
3048** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3049** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3050** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3051** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3052**
3053** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3054** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3055**
3056** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3057** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3058**
3059** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3060** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3061** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3062** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3063** SQLite.</dd>)^
3064**
3065** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3066** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3067**
3068** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3069** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3070**
3071** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3072** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3073** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3074** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3075**
3076** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3077** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3078** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3079**
3080** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3081** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3082** </dl>
3083*/
3084#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3085#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3086#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3087#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3088#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3089#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3090#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3091#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3092#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3093#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3094#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3095
3096/*
3097** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3098** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3099**
3100** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3101** program using one of these routines.
3102**
3103** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3104** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3105** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3106**
3107** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3108** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3109** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3110** use UTF-16.
3111**
3112** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3113** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3114** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3115** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3116** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3117** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3118** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3119** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3120** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3121** make a copy of the input string.
3122**
3123** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3124** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3125** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3126** what remains uncompiled.
3127**
3128** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3129** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3130** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3131** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3132** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3133** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3134** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3135**
3136** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3137** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3138**
3139** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3140** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3141** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3142** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3143** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3144** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3145** behave differently in three ways:
3146**
3147** <ol>
3148** <li>
3149** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3150** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3151** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3152** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3153** </li>
3154**
3155** <li>
3156** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3157** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3158** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3159** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3160** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3161** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3162** </li>
3163**
3164** <li>
3165** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3166** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3167** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3168** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3169** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3170** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3171** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3172** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3173** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3174** </li>
3175** </ol>
3176*/
3177int sqlite3_prepare(
3178  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3179  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3180  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3181  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3182  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3183);
3184int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3185  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3186  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3187  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3188  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3189  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3190);
3191int sqlite3_prepare16(
3192  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3193  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3194  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3195  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3196  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3197);
3198int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3199  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3200  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3201  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3202  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3203  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3204);
3205
3206/*
3207** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3208**
3209** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3210** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3211** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3212*/
3213const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3214
3215/*
3216** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3217**
3218** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3219** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3220** the content of the database file.
3221**
3222** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3223** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3224** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3225** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3226** change the database file through side-effects:
3227**
3228** <blockquote><pre>
3229**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3230** </pre></blockquote>
3231**
3232** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3233** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3234**
3235** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3236** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3237** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3238** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3239** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3240** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3241** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3242** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3243*/
3244int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3245
3246/*
3247** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3248**
3249** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3250** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3251** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3252** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3253** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3254** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3255** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3256**
3257** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3258** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3259** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3260** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3261** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3262*/
3263int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3264
3265/*
3266** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3267** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3268**
3269** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3270** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3271** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3272** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3273**
3274** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3275** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3276** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3277** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3278** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3279**
3280** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3281** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3282** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3283** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3284** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3285** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3286** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3287** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3288** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3289** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3290** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3291** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3292**
3293** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3294** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3295** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3296** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3297** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3298** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3299** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3300** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3301*/
3302typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3303
3304/*
3305** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3306**
3307** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3308** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3309** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3310** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3311** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3312** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3313** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3314** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3315*/
3316typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3317
3318/*
3319** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3320** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3321** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3322**
3323** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3324** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3325** templates:
3326**
3327** <ul>
3328** <li>  ?
3329** <li>  ?NNN
3330** <li>  :VVV
3331** <li>  @VVV
3332** <li>  $VVV
3333** </ul>
3334**
3335** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3336** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3337** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3338** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3339**
3340** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3341** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3342** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3343**
3344** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3345** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3346** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3347** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3348** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3349** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3350** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3351** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3352** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3353**
3354** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3355** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3356** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3357** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3358**
3359** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3360** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3361** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3362** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3363** is negative, then the length of the string is
3364** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3365** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3366** the behavior is undefined.
3367** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3368** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3369** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3370** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3371** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3372** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3373** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3374**
3375** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3376** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3377** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3378** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3379** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3380** ^If the fifth argument is
3381** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3382** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3383** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3384** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3385** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3386**
3387** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3388** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3389** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3390** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3391** content is later written using
3392** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3393** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3394**
3395** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3396** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3397** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3398** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3399** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3400** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3401**
3402** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3403** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3404**
3405** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3406** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3407** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3408** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3409**
3410** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3411** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3412*/
3413int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3414int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3415int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3416int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3417int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3418int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3419int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3420int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3421int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3422
3423/*
3424** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3425**
3426** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3427** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3428** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3429** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3430** to the parameters at a later time.
3431**
3432** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3433** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3434** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3435** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3436**
3437** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3438** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3439** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3440*/
3441int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3442
3443/*
3444** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3445**
3446** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3447** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3448** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3449** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3450** respectively.
3451** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3452** is included as part of the name.)^
3453** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3454** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3455**
3456** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3457**
3458** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3459** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3460** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3461** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3462** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3463**
3464** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3465** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3466** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3467*/
3468const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3469
3470/*
3471** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3472**
3473** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3474** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3475** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3476** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3477** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3478** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3479**
3480** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3481** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3482** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3483*/
3484int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3485
3486/*
3487** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3488**
3489** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3490** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3491** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3492*/
3493int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3494
3495/*
3496** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3497**
3498** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3499** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3500** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3501**
3502** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3503*/
3504int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3505
3506/*
3507** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3508**
3509** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3510** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3511** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3512** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3513** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3514** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3515** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3516**
3517** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3518** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3519** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3520** or until the next call to
3521** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3522**
3523** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3524** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3525** NULL pointer is returned.
3526**
3527** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3528** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3529** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3530** one release of SQLite to the next.
3531*/
3532const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3533const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3534
3535/*
3536** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3537**
3538** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3539** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3540** [SELECT] statement.
3541** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3542** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3543** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3544** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3545** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3546** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3547** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3548** or until the same information is requested
3549** again in a different encoding.
3550**
3551** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3552** database, table, and column.
3553**
3554** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3555** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3556** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3557** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3558**
3559** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3560** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3561** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3562** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3563** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3564**
3565** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3566** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3567**
3568** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3569** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3570**
3571** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3572** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3573** undefined.
3574**
3575** If two or more threads call one or more
3576** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3577** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3578** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3579*/
3580const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3581const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3582const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3583const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3584const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3585const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3586
3587/*
3588** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3589**
3590** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3591** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3592** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3593** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3594** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3595** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3596** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3597**
3598** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3599**
3600** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3601**
3602** and the following statement to be compiled:
3603**
3604** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3605**
3606** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3607** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3608**
3609** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3610** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3611** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3612** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3613** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3614** used to hold those values.
3615*/
3616const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3617const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3618
3619/*
3620** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3621**
3622** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3623** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3624** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3625** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3626**
3627** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3628** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3629** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3630** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3631** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3632** interface will continue to be supported.
3633**
3634** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3635** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3636** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3637** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3638**
3639** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3640** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3641** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3642** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3643** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3644** continuing.
3645**
3646** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3647** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3648** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3649** machine back to its initial state.
3650**
3651** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3652** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3653** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3654** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3655**
3656** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3657** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3658** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3659** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3660** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3661** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3662** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3663** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3664**
3665** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3666** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3667** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3668** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3669** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3670** more threads at the same moment in time.
3671**
3672** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3673** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3674** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3675** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3676** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3677** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3678** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3679** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3680** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3681** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3682** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3683**
3684** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3685** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3686** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3687** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3688** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3689** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3690** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3691** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3692** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3693** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3694** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3695*/
3696int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3697
3698/*
3699** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3700**
3701** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3702** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3703** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3704** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3705** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3706** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3707** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3708** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3709** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3710** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3711** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3712** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3713**
3714** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3715*/
3716int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3717
3718/*
3719** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3720** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3721**
3722** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3723**
3724** <ul>
3725** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3726** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3727** <li> string
3728** <li> BLOB
3729** <li> NULL
3730** </ul>)^
3731**
3732** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3733**
3734** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3735** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3736** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3737** SQLITE_TEXT.
3738*/
3739#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3740#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3741#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3742#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3743#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3744# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3745#else
3746# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3747#endif
3748#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3749
3750/*
3751** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3752** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3753**
3754** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3755**
3756** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3757** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3758** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3759** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3760** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3761** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3762** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3763** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3764**
3765** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3766** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3767** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3768** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3769** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3770** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3771** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3772** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3773** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3774** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3775** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3776**
3777** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3778** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3779** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3780** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3781** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3782** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3783** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3784** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3785** following a type conversion.
3786**
3787** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3788** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3789** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3790** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3791** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3792** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3793** the number of bytes in that string.
3794** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3795**
3796** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3797** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3798** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3799** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3800** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3801** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3802** the number of bytes in that string.
3803** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3804**
3805** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3806** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3807** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3808** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3809** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3810**
3811** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3812** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3813** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3814**
3815** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3816** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3817** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3818** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3819** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3820** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3821** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3822**
3823** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3824** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3825** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3826** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3827** that are applied:
3828**
3829** <blockquote>
3830** <table border="1">
3831** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3832**
3833** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3834** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3835** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3836** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3837** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3838** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3839** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3840** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3841** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3842** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3843** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3844** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3845** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3846** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3847** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3848** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3849** </table>
3850** </blockquote>)^
3851**
3852** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3853** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3854** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3855** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3856** C programmers.
3857**
3858** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3859** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3860** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3861** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3862** in the following cases:
3863**
3864** <ul>
3865** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3866**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3867**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3868** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3869**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3870**      to UTF-16.</li>
3871** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3872**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3873**      to UTF-8.</li>
3874** </ul>
3875**
3876** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3877** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3878** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3879** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3880** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3881**
3882** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3883** in one of the following ways:
3884**
3885** <ul>
3886**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3887**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3888**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3889** </ul>
3890**
3891** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3892** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3893** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3894** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3895** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3896** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3897** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3898**
3899** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3900** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3901** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3902** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3903** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3904** [sqlite3_free()].
3905**
3906** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3907** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3908** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3909** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3910** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3911*/
3912const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3913int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3914int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3915double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3916int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3917sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3918const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3919const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3920int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3921sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3922
3923/*
3924** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3925**
3926** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3927** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3928** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3929** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3930** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3931** [extended error code].
3932**
3933** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3934** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3935** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3936** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3937** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3938** completed execution.
3939**
3940** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3941**
3942** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3943** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3944** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3945** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3946** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3947*/
3948int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3949
3950/*
3951** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3952**
3953** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3954** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3955** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3956** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3957** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3958**
3959** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3960** back to the beginning of its program.
3961**
3962** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3963** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3964** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3965** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3966**
3967** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3968** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3969** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3970**
3971** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3972** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3973*/
3974int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3975
3976/*
3977** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3978** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3979** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3980** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3981**
3982** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3983** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3984** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3985** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3986** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3987** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3988** the application data pointer.
3989**
3990** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3991** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3992** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3993** to each database connection separately.
3994**
3995** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3996** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3997** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3998** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3999** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4000** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4001**
4002** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4003** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4004** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4005** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4006** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4007** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4008** undefined.
4009**
4010** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4011** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4012** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4013** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4014** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4015** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4016** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4017** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4018** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4019** each encoding.
4020** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4021** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4022**
4023** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4024** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4025** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4026** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4027** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4028** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4029** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4030**
4031** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4032** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4033**
4034** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4035** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4036** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4037** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4038** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4039** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4040** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4041** callbacks.
4042**
4043** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4044** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4045** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4046** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4047** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4048** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4049** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4050** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4051** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4052**
4053** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4054** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4055** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4056** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4057** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4058** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4059** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4060** matches the database encoding is a better
4061** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4062** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4063** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4064** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4065**
4066** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4067**
4068** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4069** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4070** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4071** statement in which the function is running.
4072*/
4073int sqlite3_create_function(
4074  sqlite3 *db,
4075  const char *zFunctionName,
4076  int nArg,
4077  int eTextRep,
4078  void *pApp,
4079  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4080  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4081  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4082);
4083int sqlite3_create_function16(
4084  sqlite3 *db,
4085  const void *zFunctionName,
4086  int nArg,
4087  int eTextRep,
4088  void *pApp,
4089  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4090  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4091  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4092);
4093int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4094  sqlite3 *db,
4095  const char *zFunctionName,
4096  int nArg,
4097  int eTextRep,
4098  void *pApp,
4099  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4100  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4101  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4102  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4103);
4104
4105/*
4106** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4107**
4108** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4109** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4110*/
4111#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4112#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4113#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4114#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4115#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4116#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4117
4118/*
4119** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4120**
4121** These constants may be ORed together with the
4122** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4123** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4124** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4125*/
4126#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4127
4128/*
4129** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4130** DEPRECATED
4131**
4132** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4133** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4134** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4135** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4136** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4137*/
4138#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4139SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4140SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4141SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4142SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4143SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4144SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4145                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4146#endif
4147
4148/*
4149** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4150**
4151** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4152** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4153** the function or aggregate.
4154**
4155** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4156** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4157** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4158** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4159** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4160** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4161** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4162**
4163** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4164** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4165** object results in undefined behavior.
4166**
4167** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4168** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4169** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4170**
4171** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4172** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4173** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4174** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4175**
4176** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4177** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4178** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4179** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4180** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4181** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4182** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4183**
4184** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4185** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4186** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4187** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4188** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4189**
4190** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4191** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4192*/
4193const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4194int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4195int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4196double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4197int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4198sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4199const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4200const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4201const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4202const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4203int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4204int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4205
4206/*
4207** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4208**
4209** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4210** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4211**
4212** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4213** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4214** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4215** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4216** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4217** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4218** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4219** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4220** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4221** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4222** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4223** first time from within xFinal().)^
4224**
4225** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4226** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4227** allocate error occurs.
4228**
4229** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4230** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4231** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4232** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4233** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4234** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4235** pointless memory allocations occur.
4236**
4237** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4238** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4239**
4240** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4241** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4242** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4243** function.
4244**
4245** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4246** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4247*/
4248void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4249
4250/*
4251** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4252**
4253** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4254** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4255** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4256** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4257** registered the application defined function.
4258**
4259** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4260** the application-defined function is running.
4261*/
4262void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4263
4264/*
4265** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4266**
4267** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4268** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4269** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4270** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4271** registered the application defined function.
4272*/
4273sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4274
4275/*
4276** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4277**
4278** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4279** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4280** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4281** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4282** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4283** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4284** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4285** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4286** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4287** invocations of the same function.
4288**
4289** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4290** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4291** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4292** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4293** returns a NULL pointer.
4294**
4295** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4296** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4297** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4298** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4299** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4300** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4301** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4302** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4303** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4304** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4305** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4306**      SQL statement, or
4307** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4308** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4309**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4310**
4311** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4312** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4313** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4314** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4315** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4316** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4317**
4318** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4319** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4320** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4321**
4322** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4323** the SQL function is running.
4324*/
4325void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4326void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4327
4328
4329/*
4330** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4331**
4332** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4333** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4334** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4335** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4336** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4337** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4338** the content before returning.
4339**
4340** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4341** C++ compilers.
4342*/
4343typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4344#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4345#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4346
4347/*
4348** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4349**
4350** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4351** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4352** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4353** for additional information.
4354**
4355** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4356** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4357** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4358**
4359** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4360** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4361** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4362** third parameter.
4363**
4364** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4365** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4366** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4367**
4368** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4369** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4370** by its 2nd argument.
4371**
4372** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4373** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4374** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4375** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4376** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4377** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4378** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4379** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4380** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4381** message all text up through the first zero character.
4382** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4383** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4384** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4385** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4386** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4387** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4388** modify the text after they return without harm.
4389** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4390** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4391** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4392** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4393**
4394** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4395** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4396**
4397** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4398** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4399**
4400** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4401** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4402** value given in the 2nd argument.
4403** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4404** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4405** value given in the 2nd argument.
4406**
4407** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4408** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4409**
4410** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4411** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4412** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4413** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4414** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4415** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4416** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4417** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4418** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4419** through the first zero character.
4420** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4421** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4422** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4423** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4424** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4425** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4426** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4427** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4428** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4429** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4430** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4431** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4432** finished using that result.
4433** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4434** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4435** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4436** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4437** when it has finished using that result.
4438** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4439** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4440** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4441** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4442**
4443** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4444** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4445** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4446** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4447** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4448** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4449** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4450** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4451** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4452**
4453** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4454** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4455** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4456*/
4457void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4458void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4459void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4460void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4461void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4462void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4463void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4464void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4465void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4466void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4467void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4468void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4469void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4470void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4471void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4472void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4473
4474/*
4475** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4476**
4477** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4478** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4479**
4480** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4481** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4482** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4483** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4484** considered to be the same name.
4485**
4486** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4487** <ul>
4488** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4489** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4490** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4491** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4492** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4493** </ul>)^
4494** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4495** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4496** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4497** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4498** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4499** on an even byte address.
4500**
4501** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4502** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4503**
4504** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4505** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4506** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4507** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4508** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4509** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4510** that collation is no longer usable.
4511**
4512** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4513** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4514** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4515** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4516** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4517** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4518** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4519** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4520** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4521** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4522** strings A, B, and C:
4523**
4524** <ol>
4525** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4526** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4527** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4528** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4529** </ol>
4530**
4531** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4532** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4533** is undefined.
4534**
4535** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4536** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4537** the collating function is deleted.
4538** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4539** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4540** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4541**
4542** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4543** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4544** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4545** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4546** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4547** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4548** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4549** compatibility.
4550**
4551** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4552*/
4553int sqlite3_create_collation(
4554  sqlite3*,
4555  const char *zName,
4556  int eTextRep,
4557  void *pArg,
4558  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4559);
4560int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4561  sqlite3*,
4562  const char *zName,
4563  int eTextRep,
4564  void *pArg,
4565  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4566  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4567);
4568int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4569  sqlite3*,
4570  const void *zName,
4571  int eTextRep,
4572  void *pArg,
4573  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4574);
4575
4576/*
4577** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4578**
4579** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4580** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4581** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4582** sequence is required.
4583**
4584** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4585** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4586** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4587** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4588** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4589**
4590** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4591** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4592** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4593** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4594** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4595** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4596** required collation sequence.)^
4597**
4598** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4599** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4600** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4601*/
4602int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4603  sqlite3*,
4604  void*,
4605  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4606);
4607int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4608  sqlite3*,
4609  void*,
4610  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4611);
4612
4613#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4614/*
4615** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4616** called right after sqlite3_open().
4617**
4618** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4619** of SQLite.
4620*/
4621int sqlite3_key(
4622  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4623  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4624);
4625int sqlite3_key_v2(
4626  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4627  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4628  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4629);
4630
4631/*
4632** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4633** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4634** database is decrypted.
4635**
4636** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4637** of SQLite.
4638*/
4639int sqlite3_rekey(
4640  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4641  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4642);
4643int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4644  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4645  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4646  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4647);
4648
4649/*
4650** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4651** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4652*/
4653void sqlite3_activate_see(
4654  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4655);
4656#endif
4657
4658#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4659/*
4660** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4661** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4662*/
4663void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4664  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4665);
4666#endif
4667
4668/*
4669** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4670**
4671** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4672** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4673**
4674** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4675** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4676** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4677** requested from the operating system is returned.
4678**
4679** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4680** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4681** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4682** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4683** in the previous paragraphs.
4684*/
4685int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4686
4687/*
4688** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4689**
4690** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4691** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4692** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4693** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4694** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4695** temporary file directory.
4696**
4697** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4698** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4699** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4700** thread.
4701** It is intended that this variable be set once
4702** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4703** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4704** thereafter.
4705**
4706** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4707** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4708** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4709** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4710** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4711** using [sqlite3_free].
4712** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4713** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4714** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4715**
4716** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4717** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4718** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4719** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4720**
4721** <blockquote><pre>
4722** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4723** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4724** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4725** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4726** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4727** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4728** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4729** </pre></blockquote>
4730*/
4731SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4732
4733/*
4734** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4735**
4736** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4737** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4738** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4739** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4740** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4741** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4742** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4743** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4744** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4745**
4746** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4747** open can result in a corrupt database.
4748**
4749** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4750** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4751** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4752** thread.
4753** It is intended that this variable be set once
4754** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4755** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4756** thereafter.
4757**
4758** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4759** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4760** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4761** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4762** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4763** using [sqlite3_free].
4764** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4765** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4766** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4767*/
4768SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4769
4770/*
4771** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4772** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4773**
4774** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4775** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4776** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4777** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4778** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4779**
4780** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4781** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4782** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4783** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4784** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4785** an error is to use this function.
4786**
4787** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4788** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4789** is undefined.
4790*/
4791int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4792
4793/*
4794** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4795**
4796** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4797** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4798** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4799** that was the first argument
4800** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4801** create the statement in the first place.
4802*/
4803sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4804
4805/*
4806** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4807**
4808** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4809** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4810** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4811** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4812** a NULL pointer is returned.
4813**
4814** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4815** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4816** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4817** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4818*/
4819const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4820
4821/*
4822** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4823**
4824** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4825** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4826** the name of a database on connection D.
4827*/
4828int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4829
4830/*
4831** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4832**
4833** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4834** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4835** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4836** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4837** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4838**
4839** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4840** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4841** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4842*/
4843sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4844
4845/*
4846** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4847**
4848** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4849** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4850** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4851** for the same database connection is overridden.
4852** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4853** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4854** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4855** for the same database connection is overridden.
4856** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4857** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4858** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4859**
4860** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4861** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4862** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4863** the first call for each function on D.
4864**
4865** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4866** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4867** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4868** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4869** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4870** or rollback hook in the first place.
4871** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4872** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4873** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4874**
4875** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4876**
4877** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4878** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4879** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4880** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4881** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4882**
4883** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4884** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4885** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4886** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4887** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4888**
4889** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4890*/
4891void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4892void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4893
4894/*
4895** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4896**
4897** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4898** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4899** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4900** a rowid table.
4901** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4902** for the same database connection is overridden.
4903**
4904** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4905** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4906** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4907** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4908** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4909** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4910** to be invoked.
4911** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4912** database and table name containing the affected row.
4913** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4914** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4915**
4916** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4917** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4918** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4919**
4920** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4921** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4922** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4923** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4924** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4925** release of SQLite.
4926**
4927** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4928** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4929** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4930** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4931** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4932** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4933**
4934** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4935** returns the P argument from the previous call
4936** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4937** the first call on D.
4938**
4939** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4940** interfaces.
4941*/
4942void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4943  sqlite3*,
4944  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4945  void*
4946);
4947
4948/*
4949** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4950**
4951** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4952** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4953** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4954** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4955**
4956** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4957** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4958** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4959**
4960** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4961** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4962** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4963** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4964**
4965** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4966** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4967**
4968** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4969** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4970** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4971**
4972** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4973** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4974**
4975** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4976*/
4977int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4978
4979/*
4980** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4981**
4982** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4983** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4984** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4985** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4986** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4987** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4988** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4989** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4990**
4991** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4992*/
4993int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4994
4995/*
4996** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4997**
4998** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4999** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5000** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5001** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5002** omitted.
5003**
5004** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5005*/
5006int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5007
5008/*
5009** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5010**
5011** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5012** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5013** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5014** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5015** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5016** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5017** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5018** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5019** is advisory only.
5020**
5021** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5022** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5023** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5024** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5025** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5026** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5027**
5028** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5029**
5030** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5031** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5032**
5033** <ul>
5034** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5035** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5036**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5037**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5038** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5039**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5040** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5041**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5042**      from the heap.
5043** </ul>)^
5044**
5045** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5046** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5047** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5048** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5049** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5050** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5051** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5052** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5053** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5054**
5055** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5056** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5057*/
5058sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5059
5060/*
5061** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5062** DEPRECATED
5063**
5064** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5065** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5066** only.  All new applications should use the
5067** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5068*/
5069SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5070
5071
5072/*
5073** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5074**
5075** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5076** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5077** passed as the first function argument.
5078**
5079** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5080** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5081** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5082** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5083** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5084** resolve unqualified table references.
5085**
5086** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5087** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5088** may be NULL.
5089**
5090** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5091** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5092** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5093**
5094** ^(<blockquote>
5095** <table border="1">
5096** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5097**
5098** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5099** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5100** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5101** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5102** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5103** </table>
5104** </blockquote>)^
5105**
5106** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5107** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5108** call to any SQLite API function.
5109**
5110** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5111**
5112** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5113** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5114** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5115** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5116** parameters are set as follows:
5117**
5118** <pre>
5119**     data type: "INTEGER"
5120**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5121**     not null: 0
5122**     primary key: 1
5123**     auto increment: 0
5124** </pre>)^
5125**
5126** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5127** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5128** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5129** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5130**
5131** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5132** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5133*/
5134int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5135  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5136  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5137  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5138  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5139  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5140  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5141  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5142  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5143  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5144);
5145
5146/*
5147** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5148**
5149** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5150**
5151** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5152** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5153** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5154** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5155** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5156** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5157** be tried also.
5158**
5159** ^The entry point is zProc.
5160** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5161** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5162** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5163** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5164** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5165** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5166** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5167** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5168** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5169** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5170** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5171** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5172** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5173**
5174** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5175** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5176** otherwise an error will be returned.
5177**
5178** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5179*/
5180int sqlite3_load_extension(
5181  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5182  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5183  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5184  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5185);
5186
5187/*
5188** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5189**
5190** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5191** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5192** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5193** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5194**
5195** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5196** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5197** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5198** it back off again.
5199*/
5200int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5201
5202/*
5203** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5204**
5205** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5206** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5207** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5208** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5209**
5210** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5211** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5212** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5213** entry point where as follows:
5214**
5215** <blockquote><pre>
5216** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5217** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5218** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5219** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5220** &nbsp;  );
5221** </pre></blockquote>)^
5222**
5223** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5224** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5225** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5226** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5227** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5228** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5229** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5230**
5231** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5232** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5233** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5234**
5235** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5236** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5237*/
5238int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5239
5240/*
5241** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5242**
5243** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5244** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5245** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5246** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5247** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5248** routines.
5249*/
5250int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5251
5252/*
5253** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5254**
5255** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5256** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5257*/
5258void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5259
5260/*
5261** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5262** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5263** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5264**
5265** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5266** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5267*/
5268
5269/*
5270** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5271*/
5272typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5273typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5274typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5275typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5276
5277/*
5278** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5279** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5280**
5281** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5282** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5283** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5284**
5285** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5286** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5287** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5288** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5289** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5290** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5291** any database connection.
5292*/
5293struct sqlite3_module {
5294  int iVersion;
5295  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5296               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5297               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5298  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5299               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5300               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5301  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5302  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5303  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5304  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5305  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5306  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5307                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5308  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5309  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5310  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5311  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5312  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5313  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5314  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5315  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5316  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5317  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5318                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5319                       void **ppArg);
5320  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5321  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5322  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5323  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5324  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5325  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5326};
5327
5328/*
5329** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5330** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5331**
5332** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5333** of the [virtual table] interface to
5334** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5335** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5336** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5337** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5338**
5339** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5340**
5341** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5342**
5343** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5344** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5345** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5346** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5347** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5348** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5349** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5350**
5351** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5352** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5353** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5354** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5355** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5356**
5357** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5358** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5359**
5360** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5361** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5362** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5363** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5364** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5365** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5366**
5367** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5368** [xFilter] method.
5369** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5370** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5371**
5372** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5373** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5374** sorting step is required.
5375**
5376** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5377** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5378** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5379** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5380** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5381**
5382** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5383** will be returned by the strategy.
5384**
5385** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5386** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5387** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5388** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5389** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5390** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5391** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5392*/
5393struct sqlite3_index_info {
5394  /* Inputs */
5395  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5396  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5397     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5398     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5399     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5400     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5401  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5402  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5403  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5404     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5405     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5406  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5407  /* Outputs */
5408  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5409    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5410    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5411  } *aConstraintUsage;
5412  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5413  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5414  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5415  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5416  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5417  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5418  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5419};
5420
5421/*
5422** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5423**
5424** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5425** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5426** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5427** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5428*/
5429#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5430#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5431#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5432#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5433#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5434#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5435
5436/*
5437** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5438**
5439** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5440** ^Module names must be registered before
5441** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5442** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5443**
5444** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5445** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5446** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5447** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5448** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5449** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5450** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5451**
5452** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5453** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5454** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5455** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5456** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5457** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5458** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5459** destructor.
5460*/
5461int sqlite3_create_module(
5462  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5463  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5464  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5465  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5466);
5467int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5468  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5469  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5470  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5471  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5472  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5473);
5474
5475/*
5476** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5477** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5478**
5479** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5480** of this object to describe a particular instance
5481** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5482** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5483** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5484** common to all module implementations.
5485**
5486** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5487** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5488** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5489** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5490** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5491** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5492*/
5493struct sqlite3_vtab {
5494  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5495  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5496  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5497  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5498};
5499
5500/*
5501** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5502** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5503**
5504** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5505** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5506** [virtual table] and are used
5507** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5508** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5509** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5510** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5511** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5512** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5513**
5514** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5515** are common to all implementations.
5516*/
5517struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5518  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5519  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5520};
5521
5522/*
5523** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5524**
5525** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5526** [virtual table module] call this interface
5527** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5528** the virtual tables they implement.
5529*/
5530int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5531
5532/*
5533** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5534**
5535** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5536** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5537** But global versions of those functions
5538** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5539**
5540** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5541** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5542** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5543** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5544** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5545** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5546** by a [virtual table].
5547*/
5548int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5549
5550/*
5551** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5552** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5553** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5554** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5555**
5556** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5557** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5558*/
5559
5560/*
5561** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5562** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5563**
5564** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5565** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5566** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5567** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5568** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5569** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5570** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5571*/
5572typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5573
5574/*
5575** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5576**
5577** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5578** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5579** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5580**
5581** <pre>
5582**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5583** </pre>)^
5584**
5585** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5586** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5587** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5588** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5589** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5590**
5591** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5592** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5593** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5594** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5595** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5596**
5597** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5598** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5599** to be a null pointer.)^
5600** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5601** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5602** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5603** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5604** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5605**
5606** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5607** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5608** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5609** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5610** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5611** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5612** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5613** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5614** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5615** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5616**
5617** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5618** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5619** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5620** blob.
5621**
5622** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5623** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5624**
5625** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5626** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5627** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5628** this interface.
5629**
5630** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5631** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5632*/
5633int sqlite3_blob_open(
5634  sqlite3*,
5635  const char *zDb,
5636  const char *zTable,
5637  const char *zColumn,
5638  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5639  int flags,
5640  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5641);
5642
5643/*
5644** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5645**
5646** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5647** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5648** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5649** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5650** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5651** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5652**
5653** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5654** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5655** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5656** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5657** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5658** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5659** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5660** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5661** always returns zero.
5662**
5663** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5664*/
5665SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5666
5667/*
5668** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5669**
5670** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5671**
5672** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5673** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5674** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5675** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5676** until the close operation if they will fit.
5677**
5678** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5679** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5680** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5681** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5682**
5683** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5684** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5685**
5686** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5687** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5688*/
5689int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5690
5691/*
5692** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5693**
5694** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5695** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5696** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5697** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5698**
5699** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5700** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5701** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5702** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5703*/
5704int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5705
5706/*
5707** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5708**
5709** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5710** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5711** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5712**
5713** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5714** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5715** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5716** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5717** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5718**
5719** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5720** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5721**
5722** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5723** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5724**
5725** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5726** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5727** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5728** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5729**
5730** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5731*/
5732int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5733
5734/*
5735** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5736**
5737** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5738** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5739** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5740**
5741** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5742** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5743** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5744**
5745** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5746** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5747** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5748** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5749** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5750** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5751** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5752**
5753** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5754** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5755** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5756** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5757** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5758** or by other independent statements.
5759**
5760** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5761** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5762**
5763** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5764** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5765** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5766** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5767**
5768** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5769*/
5770int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5771
5772/*
5773** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5774**
5775** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5776** that SQLite uses to interact
5777** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5778** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5779** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5780** The following interfaces are provided.
5781**
5782** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5783** ^Names are case sensitive.
5784** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5785** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5786** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5787**
5788** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5789** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5790** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5791** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5792** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5793** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5794** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5795** then the behavior is undefined.
5796**
5797** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5798** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5799** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5800*/
5801sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5802int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5803int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5804
5805/*
5806** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5807**
5808** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5809** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5810** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5811** permitted to use any of these routines.
5812**
5813** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5814** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5815** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5816** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5817**
5818** <ul>
5819** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5820** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5821** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5822** </ul>)^
5823**
5824** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5825** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5826** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5827** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5828** and Windows.
5829**
5830** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5831** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5832** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5833** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5834** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5835** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5836** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5837**
5838** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5839** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5840** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5841** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5842** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5843**
5844** <ul>
5845** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5846** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5847** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5848** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5849** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5850** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5851** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5852** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5853** </ul>)^
5854**
5855** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5856** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5857** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5858** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5859** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5860** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5861** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5862** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5863** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5864** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5865**
5866** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5867** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5868** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5869** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5870** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5871** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5872** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5873** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5874**
5875** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5876** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5877** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5878** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5879** the same type number.
5880**
5881** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5882** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5883** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5884** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5885** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5886** a static mutex.
5887**
5888** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5889** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5890** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5891** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5892** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5893** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5894** In such cases the,
5895** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5896** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5897** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5898** SQLite will never exhibit
5899** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5900**
5901** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5902** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5903** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5904** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5905**
5906** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5907** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5908** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5909** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5910** never do either.)^
5911**
5912** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5913** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5914** behave as no-ops.
5915**
5916** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5917*/
5918sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5919void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5920void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5921int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5922void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5923
5924/*
5925** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5926**
5927** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5928** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5929**
5930** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5931** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5932** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5933** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5934** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5935** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5936** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5937** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5938** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5939**
5940** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5941** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5942** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5943** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5944**
5945** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5946** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5947** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5948** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5949** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5950** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5951**
5952** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5953** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5954** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5955**
5956** <ul>
5957**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5958**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5959**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5960**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5961**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5962**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5963**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5964** </ul>)^
5965**
5966** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5967** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5968** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5969** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5970** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5971** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5972** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5973**
5974** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5975** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5976** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5977** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5978**
5979** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5980** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5981** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5982** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5983**
5984** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5985** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5986** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5987** prior to returning.
5988*/
5989typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5990struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5991  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5992  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5993  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5994  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5995  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5996  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5997  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5998  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5999  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6000};
6001
6002/*
6003** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6004**
6005** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6006** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
6007** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6008** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
6009** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6010** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
6011** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6012** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6013**
6014** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6015** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6016**
6017** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6018** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6019** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6020** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6021**
6022** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6023** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6024** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6025** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6026** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6027** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6028** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6029** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6030*/
6031#ifndef NDEBUG
6032int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6033int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6034#endif
6035
6036/*
6037** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6038**
6039** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6040** which is one of these integer constants.
6041**
6042** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6043** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6044** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6045*/
6046#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6047#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6048#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6049#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6050#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6051#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6052#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6053#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6054#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6055#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6056
6057/*
6058** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6059**
6060** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6061** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6062** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6063** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6064** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6065*/
6066sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6067
6068/*
6069** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6070**
6071** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6072** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6073** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6074** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6075** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6076** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6077** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6078** main database file.
6079** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6080** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6081** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6082** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6083**
6084** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6085** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6086** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6087** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6088** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6089**
6090** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6091** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6092** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6093** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6094** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6095** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6096** xFileControl method.
6097**
6098** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6099*/
6100int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6101
6102/*
6103** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6104**
6105** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6106** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6107** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6108** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6109**
6110** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6111** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6112** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6113**
6114** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6115** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6116** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6117** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6118*/
6119int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6120
6121/*
6122** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6123**
6124** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6125** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6126**
6127** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6128** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6129** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6130** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6131*/
6132#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6133#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6134#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6135#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6136#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6137#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6138#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6139#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6140#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6141#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6142#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6143#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6144#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6145#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6146#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6147#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
6148#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6149#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6150#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6151#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    22
6152
6153/*
6154** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6155**
6156** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6157** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6158** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6159** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6160** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6161** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6162** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6163** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6164** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6165** value.  For those parameters
6166** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6167** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6168** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6169**
6170** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6171** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6172**
6173** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6174** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6175** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6176** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6177** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6178** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6179**
6180** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6181*/
6182int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6183
6184
6185/*
6186** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6187** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6188**
6189** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6190** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6191**
6192** <dl>
6193** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6194** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6195** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6196** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6197** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6198** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6199** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6200** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6201** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6202**
6203** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6204** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6205** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6206** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6207** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6208** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6209**
6210** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6211** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6212** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6213**
6214** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6215** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6216** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6217** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6218** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6219**
6220** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6221** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6222** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6223** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6224** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6225** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6226** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6227** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6228** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6229**
6230** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6231** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6232** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6233** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6234** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6235**
6236** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6237** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6238** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6239** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6240** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6241** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6242** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6243**
6244** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6245** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6246** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6247** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6248** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6249** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6250** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6251** slots were available.
6252** </dd>)^
6253**
6254** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6255** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6256** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6257** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6258** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6259**
6260** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6261** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6262** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6263** </dl>
6264**
6265** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6266*/
6267#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6268#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6269#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6270#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6271#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6272#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6273#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6274#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6275#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6276#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6277
6278/*
6279** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6280**
6281** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6282** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6283** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6284** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6285** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6286** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6287** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6288** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6289**
6290** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6291** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6292** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6293** reset back down to the current value.
6294**
6295** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6296** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6297**
6298** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6299*/
6300int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6301
6302/*
6303** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6304** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6305**
6306** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6307** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6308**
6309** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6310** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6311** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6312** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6313** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6314**
6315** <dl>
6316** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6317** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6318** checked out.</dd>)^
6319**
6320** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6321** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6322** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6323** the current value is always zero.)^
6324**
6325** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6326** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6327** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6328** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6329** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6330** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6331** the current value is always zero.)^
6332**
6333** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6334** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6335** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6336** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6337** memory already being in use.
6338** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6339** the current value is always zero.)^
6340**
6341** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6342** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6343** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6344** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6345**
6346** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6347** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6348** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6349** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6350** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6351** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6352** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6353** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6354**
6355** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6356** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6357** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6358** the database connection.)^
6359** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6360** </dd>
6361**
6362** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6363** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6364** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6365** is always 0.
6366** </dd>
6367**
6368** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6369** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6370** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6371** is always 0.
6372** </dd>
6373**
6374** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6375** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6376** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6377** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6378** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6379** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6380** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6381** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6382** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6383** </dd>
6384**
6385** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6386** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6387** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6388** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6389** </dd>
6390** </dl>
6391*/
6392#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6393#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6394#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6395#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6396#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6397#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6398#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6399#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6400#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6401#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6402#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6403#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6404
6405
6406/*
6407** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6408**
6409** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6410** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6411** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6412** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6413** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6414** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6415** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6416** an index.
6417**
6418** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6419** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6420** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6421** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6422** to be interrogated.)^
6423** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6424** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6425** interface call returns.
6426**
6427** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6428*/
6429int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6430
6431/*
6432** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6433** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6434**
6435** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6436** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6437** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6438**
6439** <dl>
6440** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6441** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6442** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6443** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6444** careful use of indices.</dd>
6445**
6446** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6447** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6448** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6449** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6450**
6451** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6452** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6453** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6454** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6455** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6456** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6457**
6458** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6459** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6460** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6461** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6462** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6463** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6464** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6465** </dd>
6466** </dl>
6467*/
6468#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6469#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6470#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6471#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6472
6473/*
6474** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6475**
6476** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6477** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6478** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6479** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6480** to the object.
6481**
6482** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6483*/
6484typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6485
6486/*
6487** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6488**
6489** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6490** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6491** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6492** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6493**
6494** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6495*/
6496typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6497struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6498  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6499  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6500};
6501
6502/*
6503** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6504** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6505**
6506** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6507** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6508** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6509** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6510** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6511** By implementing a
6512** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6513** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6514** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6515** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6516** how long.
6517**
6518** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6519** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6520** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6521**
6522** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6523** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6524** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6525** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6526**
6527** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6528** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6529** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6530** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6531** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6532** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6533** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6534** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6535** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6536** page cache.)^
6537**
6538** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6539** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6540** It can be used to clean up
6541** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6542** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6543**
6544** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6545** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6546** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6547** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6548** in multithreaded applications.
6549**
6550** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6551** call to xShutdown().
6552**
6553** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6554** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6555** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6556** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6557** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6558** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6559** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6560** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6561** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6562** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6563** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6564** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6565** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6566** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6567** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6568** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6569** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6570** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6571** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6572** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6573** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6574** never contain any unpinned pages.
6575**
6576** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6577** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6578** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6579** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6580** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6581** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6582** value; it is advisory only.
6583**
6584** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6585** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6586** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6587**
6588** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6589** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6590** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6591** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6592** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6593** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6594** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6595** for each entry in the page cache.
6596**
6597** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6598** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6599** to be "pinned".
6600**
6601** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6602** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6603** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6604** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6605** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6606**
6607** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6608** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6609** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6610** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6611**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6612** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6613**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6614** </table>
6615**
6616** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6617** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6618** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6619** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6620** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6621**
6622** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6623** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6624** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6625** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6626** ^If the discard parameter is
6627** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6628** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6629** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6630**
6631** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6632** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6633** to xFetch().
6634**
6635** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6636** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6637** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6638** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6639** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6640** to be pinned.
6641**
6642** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6643** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6644** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6645** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6646** they can be safely discarded.
6647**
6648** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6649** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6650** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6651** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6652** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6653** functions.
6654**
6655** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6656** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6657** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6658** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6659** do their best.
6660*/
6661typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6662struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6663  int iVersion;
6664  void *pArg;
6665  int (*xInit)(void*);
6666  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6667  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6668  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6669  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6670  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6671  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6672  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6673      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6674  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6675  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6676  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6677};
6678
6679/*
6680** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6681** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6682** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6683*/
6684typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6685struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6686  void *pArg;
6687  int (*xInit)(void*);
6688  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6689  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6690  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6691  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6692  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6693  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6694  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6695  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6696  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6697};
6698
6699
6700/*
6701** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6702**
6703** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6704** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6705** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6706** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6707**
6708** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6709*/
6710typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6711
6712/*
6713** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6714**
6715** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6716** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6717** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6718**
6719** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6720**
6721** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6722** for the duration of the backup operation.
6723** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6724** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6725** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6726** preventing other database connections from
6727** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6728**
6729** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6730**   <ol>
6731**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6732**         backup,
6733**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6734**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6735**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6736**         associated with the backup operation.
6737**   </ol>)^
6738** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6739** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6740**
6741** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6742**
6743** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6744** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6745** and the database name, respectively.
6746** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6747** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6748** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6749** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6750** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6751** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6752** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6753** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6754** an error.
6755**
6756** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6757** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6758** destination [database connection] D.
6759** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6760** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6761** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6762** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6763** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6764** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6765** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6766** operation.
6767**
6768** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6769**
6770** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6771** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6772** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6773** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6774** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6775** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6776** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6777** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6778** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6779** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6780** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6781** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6782**
6783** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6784** <ol>
6785** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6786** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6787** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6788** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6789** destination and source page sizes differ.
6790** </ol>)^
6791**
6792** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6793** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6794** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6795** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6796** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6797** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6798** [database connection]
6799** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6800** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6801** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6802** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6803** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6804** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6805** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6806** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6807** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6808**
6809** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6810** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6811** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6812** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6813** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6814** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6815** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6816** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6817** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6818** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6819** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6820** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6821** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6822** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6823** updated at the same time.
6824**
6825** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6826**
6827** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6828** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6829** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6830** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6831** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6832** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6833** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6834** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6835** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6836**
6837** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6838** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6839** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6840** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6841** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6842** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6843**
6844** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6845** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6846** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6847**
6848** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6849** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6850**
6851** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6852** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6853** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6854** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6855** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6856**
6857** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6858** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6859** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6860** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6861** changing.
6862**
6863** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6864**
6865** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6866** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6867** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6868** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6869** from within other threads.
6870**
6871** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6872** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6873** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6874** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6875** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6876** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6877** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6878** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6879**
6880** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6881** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6882** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6883** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6884** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6885** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6886**
6887** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6888** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6889** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6890** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6891** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6892** possible that they return invalid values.
6893*/
6894sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6895  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6896  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6897  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6898  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6899);
6900int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6901int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6902int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6903int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6904
6905/*
6906** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6907**
6908** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6909** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6910** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6911** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6912** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6913** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6914** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6915** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6916**
6917** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6918**
6919** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6920** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6921**
6922** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6923** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6924** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6925** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6926** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6927** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6928** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6929** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6930** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6931** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6932**
6933** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6934** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6935** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6936** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6937** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6938**
6939** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6940** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6941** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6942** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6943**
6944** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6945** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6946** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6947** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6948** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6949** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6950** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6951** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6952**
6953** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6954** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6955** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6956**
6957** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6958** returns SQLITE_OK.
6959**
6960** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6961**
6962** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6963** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6964** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6965** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6966** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6967** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6968**
6969** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6970** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6971** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6972** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6973** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6974** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6975** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6976** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6977**
6978** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6979**
6980** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6981** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6982** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6983** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6984** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6985** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6986** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6987**
6988** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6989** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6990** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6991** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6992** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6993** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6994** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6995** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6996** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6997** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6998** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6999** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7000**
7001** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7002**
7003** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7004** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7005** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7006** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7007** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7008** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7009** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7010** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7011** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7012**
7013** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7014** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7015** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7016** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7017** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7018*/
7019int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7020  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7021  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7022  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7023);
7024
7025
7026/*
7027** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7028**
7029** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7030** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7031** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7032** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7033*/
7034int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7035int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7036
7037/*
7038** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7039*
7040** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7041** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7042** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7043** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7044** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7045** sensitive.
7046**
7047** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7048** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7049*/
7050int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7051
7052/*
7053** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7054**
7055** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7056** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7057** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7058** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7059**
7060** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7061** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7062** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7063** is considered bad form.
7064**
7065** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7066**
7067** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7068** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7069** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7070** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7071** buffer.
7072*/
7073void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7074
7075/*
7076** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7077**
7078** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7079** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7080** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7081** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7082**
7083** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7084** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7085** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7086**
7087** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7088** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7089** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7090** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7091** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7092** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7093** including those that were just committed.
7094**
7095** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7096** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7097** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7098** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7099** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7100** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7101** are undefined.
7102**
7103** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7104** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7105** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7106** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7107** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7108** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7109*/
7110void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7111  sqlite3*,
7112  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7113  void*
7114);
7115
7116/*
7117** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7118**
7119** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7120** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7121** to automatically [checkpoint]
7122** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7123** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7124** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7125** checkpoints entirely.
7126**
7127** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7128** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7129** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7130** configured by this function.
7131**
7132** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7133** from SQL.
7134**
7135** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7136** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7137** pages.  The use of this interface
7138** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7139** for a particular application.
7140*/
7141int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7142
7143/*
7144** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7145**
7146** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7147** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7148** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7149** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7150** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7151**
7152** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7153** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7154** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7155** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7156**
7157** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7158*/
7159int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7160
7161/*
7162** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7163**
7164** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7165** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7166** eMode parameter:
7167**
7168** <dl>
7169** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7170**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7171**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7172**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7173**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
7174**
7175** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7176**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
7177**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7178**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7179**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7180**   but not database readers.
7181**
7182** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7183**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7184**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
7185**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7186**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7187**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7188**   but not database readers.
7189** </dl>
7190**
7191** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7192** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7193** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7194** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7195** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7196** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7197** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7198**
7199** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7200** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7201** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7202** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7203**
7204** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7205** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7206** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7207** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7208** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7209** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7210** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7211** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7212** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7213** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7214**
7215** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7216** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7217** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7218** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7219** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7220** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7221** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7222** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7223** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7224** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7225**
7226** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7227** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7228** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7229** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7230*/
7231int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7232  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7233  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7234  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7235  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7236  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7237);
7238
7239/*
7240** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7241**
7242** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7243** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7244** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7245** each of these values.
7246*/
7247#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7248#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7249#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7250
7251/*
7252** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7253**
7254** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7255** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7256** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7257**
7258** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7259** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7260**
7261** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7262** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7263** may be added in the future.
7264*/
7265int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7266
7267/*
7268** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7269**
7270** These macros define the various options to the
7271** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7272** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7273**
7274** <dl>
7275** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7276** <dd>Calls of the form
7277** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7278** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7279** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7280** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7281** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7282** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7283** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7284** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7285**
7286** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7287** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7288** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7289** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7290** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7291** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7292** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7293** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7294** had been ABORT.
7295**
7296** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7297** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7298** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7299** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7300** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7301** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7302** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7303** constraint handling.
7304** </dl>
7305*/
7306#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7307
7308/*
7309** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7310**
7311** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7312** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7313** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7314** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7315** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7316** [virtual table].
7317*/
7318int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7319
7320/*
7321** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7322**
7323** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7324** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7325** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7326**
7327** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7328** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7329** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7330*/
7331#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7332/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7333#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7334/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7335#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7336
7337
7338
7339/*
7340** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7341** builds on processors without floating point support.
7342*/
7343#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7344# undef double
7345#endif
7346
7347#ifdef __cplusplus
7348}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7349#endif
7350#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7351