xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/parse.y (revision 74217cc0)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
13 ** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
14 ** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
15 ** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
16 **
17 ** @(#) $Id: parse.y,v 1.180 2005/09/16 02:38:10 drh Exp $
18 */
19 
20 // All token codes are small integers with #defines that begin with "TK_"
21 %token_prefix TK_
22 
23 // The type of the data attached to each token is Token.  This is also the
24 // default type for non-terminals.
25 //
26 %token_type {Token}
27 %default_type {Token}
28 
29 // The generated parser function takes a 4th argument as follows:
30 %extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
31 
32 // This code runs whenever there is a syntax error
33 //
34 %syntax_error {
35   if( pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){
36     if( TOKEN.z[0] ){
37       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
38     }else{
39       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "incomplete SQL statement");
40     }
41   }
42 }
43 
44 // The name of the generated procedure that implements the parser
45 // is as follows:
46 %name sqlite3Parser
47 
48 // The following text is included near the beginning of the C source
49 // code file that implements the parser.
50 //
51 %include {
52 #include "sqliteInt.h"
53 #include "parse.h"
54 
55 /*
56 ** An instance of this structure holds information about the
57 ** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
58 */
59 struct LimitVal {
60   Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
61   Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
62 };
63 
64 /*
65 ** An instance of this structure is used to store the LIKE,
66 ** GLOB, NOT LIKE, and NOT GLOB operators.
67 */
68 struct LikeOp {
69   Token operator;  /* "like" or "glob" or "regexp" */
70   int not;         /* True if the NOT keyword is present */
71 };
72 
73 /*
74 ** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
75 ** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
76 ** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
77 **
78 **      UPDATE ON (a,b,c)
79 **
80 ** Then the "b" IdList records the list "a,b,c".
81 */
82 struct TrigEvent { int a; IdList * b; };
83 
84 /*
85 ** An instance of this structure holds the ATTACH key and the key type.
86 */
87 struct AttachKey { int type;  Token key; };
88 
89 } // end %include
90 
91 // These are extra tokens used by the lexer but never seen by the
92 // parser.  We put them in a rule so that the parser generator will
93 // add them to the parse.h output file.
94 //
95 %nonassoc END_OF_FILE ILLEGAL SPACE UNCLOSED_STRING COMMENT FUNCTION
96           COLUMN AGG_FUNCTION AGG_COLUMN CONST_FUNC.
97 
98 // Input is a single SQL command
99 input ::= cmdlist.
100 cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd.
101 cmdlist ::= ecmd.
102 cmdx ::= cmd.           { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
103 ecmd ::= SEMI.
104 ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI.
105 explain ::= .           { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 0); }
106 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
107 explain ::= EXPLAIN.              { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 1); }
108 explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.   { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 2); }
109 %endif
110 
111 ///////////////////// Begin and end transactions. ////////////////////////////
112 //
113 
114 cmd ::= BEGIN transtype(Y) trans_opt.  {sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, Y);}
115 trans_opt ::= .
116 trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION.
117 trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm.
118 %type transtype {int}
119 transtype(A) ::= .             {A = TK_DEFERRED;}
120 transtype(A) ::= DEFERRED(X).  {A = @X;}
121 transtype(A) ::= IMMEDIATE(X). {A = @X;}
122 transtype(A) ::= EXCLUSIVE(X). {A = @X;}
123 cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt.      {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
124 cmd ::= END trans_opt.         {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
125 cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt.    {sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
126 
127 ///////////////////// The CREATE TABLE statement ////////////////////////////
128 //
129 cmd ::= create_table create_table_args.
130 create_table ::= CREATE(X) temp(T) TABLE nm(Y) dbnm(Z). {
131    sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&X,&Y,&Z,T,0);
132 }
133 %type temp {int}
134 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
135 temp(A) ::= TEMP.  {A = 1;}
136 %endif
137 temp(A) ::= .      {A = 0;}
138 create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt(X) RP(Y). {
139   sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&X,&Y,0);
140 }
141 create_table_args ::= AS select(S). {
142   sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,S);
143   sqlite3SelectDelete(S);
144 }
145 columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA column.
146 columnlist ::= column.
147 
148 // A "column" is a complete description of a single column in a
149 // CREATE TABLE statement.  This includes the column name, its
150 // datatype, and other keywords such as PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, REFERENCES,
151 // NOT NULL and so forth.
152 //
153 column(A) ::= columnid(X) type carglist. {
154   A.z = X.z;
155   A.n = (pParse->sLastToken.z-X.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
156 }
157 columnid(A) ::= nm(X). {
158   sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&X);
159   A = X;
160 }
161 
162 
163 // An IDENTIFIER can be a generic identifier, or one of several
164 // keywords.  Any non-standard keyword can also be an identifier.
165 //
166 %type id {Token}
167 id(A) ::= ID(X).         {A = X;}
168 
169 // The following directive causes tokens ABORT, AFTER, ASC, etc. to
170 // fallback to ID if they will not parse as their original value.
171 // This obviates the need for the "id" nonterminal.
172 //
173 %fallback ID
174   ABORT AFTER ANALYZE ASC ATTACH BEFORE BEGIN CASCADE CAST CONFLICT
175   DATABASE DEFERRED DESC DETACH EACH END EXCLUSIVE EXPLAIN FAIL FOR
176   IGNORE IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSTEAD LIKE_KW MATCH PLAN QUERY KEY
177   OF OFFSET PRAGMA RAISE REPLACE RESTRICT ROW STATEMENT
178   TEMP TRIGGER VACUUM VIEW
179 %ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
180   EXCEPT INTERSECT UNION
181 %endif
182   REINDEX RENAME CTIME_KW ALTER
183   .
184 
185 // Define operator precedence early so that this is the first occurance
186 // of the operator tokens in the grammer.  Keeping the operators together
187 // causes them to be assigned integer values that are close together,
188 // which keeps parser tables smaller.
189 //
190 // The token values assigned to these symbols is determined by the order
191 // in which lemon first sees them.  It must be the case that ISNULL/NOTNULL,
192 // NE/EQ, GT/LE, and GE/LT are separated by only a single value.  See
193 // the sqlite3ExprIfFalse() routine for additional information on this
194 // constraint.
195 //
196 %left OR.
197 %left AND.
198 %right NOT.
199 %left IS LIKE_KW BETWEEN IN ISNULL NOTNULL NE EQ.
200 %left GT LE LT GE.
201 %right ESCAPE.
202 %left BITAND BITOR LSHIFT RSHIFT.
203 %left PLUS MINUS.
204 %left STAR SLASH REM.
205 %left CONCAT.
206 %right UMINUS UPLUS BITNOT.
207 
208 // And "ids" is an identifer-or-string.
209 //
210 %type ids {Token}
211 ids(A) ::= ID(X).        {A = X;}
212 ids(A) ::= STRING(X).    {A = X;}
213 
214 // The name of a column or table can be any of the following:
215 //
216 %type nm {Token}
217 nm(A) ::= ID(X).         {A = X;}
218 nm(A) ::= STRING(X).     {A = X;}
219 nm(A) ::= JOIN_KW(X).    {A = X;}
220 
221 // A typetoken is really one or more tokens that form a type name such
222 // as can be found after the column name in a CREATE TABLE statement.
223 // Multiple tokens are concatenated to form the value of the typetoken.
224 //
225 %type typetoken {Token}
226 type ::= .
227 type ::= typetoken(X).                   {sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&X);}
228 typetoken(A) ::= typename(X).   {A = X;}
229 typetoken(A) ::= typename(X) LP signed RP(Y). {
230   A.z = X.z;
231   A.n = &Y.z[Y.n] - X.z;
232 }
233 typetoken(A) ::= typename(X) LP signed COMMA signed RP(Y). {
234   A.z = X.z;
235   A.n = &Y.z[Y.n] - X.z;
236 }
237 %type typename {Token}
238 typename(A) ::= ids(X).             {A = X;}
239 typename(A) ::= typename(X) ids(Y). {A.z=X.z; A.n=Y.n+(Y.z-X.z);}
240 %type signed {int}
241 signed(A) ::= plus_num(X).    { A = atoi(X.z); }
242 signed(A) ::= minus_num(X).   { A = -atoi(X.z); }
243 
244 // "carglist" is a list of additional constraints that come after the
245 // column name and column type in a CREATE TABLE statement.
246 //
247 carglist ::= carglist carg.
248 carglist ::= .
249 carg ::= CONSTRAINT nm ccons.
250 carg ::= ccons.
251 carg ::= DEFAULT term(X).            {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,X);}
252 carg ::= DEFAULT LP expr(X) RP.      {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,X);}
253 carg ::= DEFAULT PLUS term(X).       {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,X);}
254 carg ::= DEFAULT MINUS term(X).      {
255   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(TK_UMINUS, X, 0, 0);
256   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p);
257 }
258 carg ::= DEFAULT id(X).              {
259   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(TK_STRING, 0, 0, &X);
260   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p);
261 }
262 
263 // In addition to the type name, we also care about the primary key and
264 // UNIQUE constraints.
265 //
266 ccons ::= NULL onconf.
267 ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).               {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
268 ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf(R) autoinc(I).
269                                      {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I);}
270 ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).          {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0);}
271 ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP onconf. {sqlite3ExprDelete(X);}
272 ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
273                                 {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
274 ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).   {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
275 ccons ::= COLLATE id(C).  {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, C.z, C.n);}
276 
277 // The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
278 %type autoinc {int}
279 autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}
280 autoinc(X) ::= AUTOINCR.  {X = 1;}
281 
282 // The next group of rules parses the arguments to a REFERENCES clause
283 // that determine if the referential integrity checking is deferred or
284 // or immediate and which determine what action to take if a ref-integ
285 // check fails.
286 //
287 %type refargs {int}
288 refargs(A) ::= .                     { A = OE_Restrict * 0x010101; }
289 refargs(A) ::= refargs(X) refarg(Y). { A = (X & Y.mask) | Y.value; }
290 %type refarg {struct {int value; int mask;}}
291 refarg(A) ::= MATCH nm.              { A.value = 0;     A.mask = 0x000000; }
292 refarg(A) ::= ON DELETE refact(X).   { A.value = X;     A.mask = 0x0000ff; }
293 refarg(A) ::= ON UPDATE refact(X).   { A.value = X<<8;  A.mask = 0x00ff00; }
294 refarg(A) ::= ON INSERT refact(X).   { A.value = X<<16; A.mask = 0xff0000; }
295 %type refact {int}
296 refact(A) ::= SET NULL.              { A = OE_SetNull; }
297 refact(A) ::= SET DEFAULT.           { A = OE_SetDflt; }
298 refact(A) ::= CASCADE.               { A = OE_Cascade; }
299 refact(A) ::= RESTRICT.              { A = OE_Restrict; }
300 %type defer_subclause {int}
301 defer_subclause(A) ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt(X).  {A = X;}
302 defer_subclause(A) ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt(X).      {A = X;}
303 %type init_deferred_pred_opt {int}
304 init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
305 init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED.     {A = 1;}
306 init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.    {A = 0;}
307 
308 // For the time being, the only constraint we care about is the primary
309 // key and UNIQUE.  Both create indices.
310 //
311 conslist_opt(A) ::= .                   {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
312 conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(X) conslist.  {A = X;}
313 conslist ::= conslist COMMA tcons.
314 conslist ::= conslist tcons.
315 conslist ::= tcons.
316 tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm.
317 tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
318                                          {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I);}
319 tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist(X) RP onconf(R).
320                                        {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0);}
321 tcons ::= CHECK expr onconf.
322 tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist(FA) RP
323           REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
324     sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
325     sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
326 }
327 %type defer_subclause_opt {int}
328 defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
329 defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(X).  {A = X;}
330 
331 // The following is a non-standard extension that allows us to declare the
332 // default behavior when there is a constraint conflict.
333 //
334 %type onconf {int}
335 %type orconf {int}
336 %type resolvetype {int}
337 onconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
338 onconf(A) ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype(X).    {A = X;}
339 orconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
340 orconf(A) ::= OR resolvetype(X).             {A = X;}
341 resolvetype(A) ::= raisetype(X).             {A = X;}
342 resolvetype(A) ::= IGNORE.                   {A = OE_Ignore;}
343 resolvetype(A) ::= REPLACE.                  {A = OE_Replace;}
344 
345 ////////////////////////// The DROP TABLE /////////////////////////////////////
346 //
347 cmd ::= DROP TABLE fullname(X). {
348   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 0);
349 }
350 
351 ///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
352 //
353 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
354 cmd ::= CREATE(X) temp(T) VIEW nm(Y) dbnm(Z) AS select(S). {
355   sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, S, T);
356 }
357 cmd ::= DROP VIEW fullname(X). {
358   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1);
359 }
360 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
361 
362 //////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
363 //
364 cmd ::= select(X).  {
365   sqlite3Select(pParse, X, SRT_Callback, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
366   sqlite3SelectDelete(X);
367 }
368 
369 %type select {Select*}
370 %destructor select {sqlite3SelectDelete($$);}
371 %type oneselect {Select*}
372 %destructor oneselect {sqlite3SelectDelete($$);}
373 
374 select(A) ::= oneselect(X).                      {A = X;}
375 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
376 select(A) ::= select(X) multiselect_op(Y) oneselect(Z).  {
377   if( Z ){
378     Z->op = Y;
379     Z->pPrior = X;
380   }
381   A = Z;
382 }
383 %type multiselect_op {int}
384 multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION(OP).      {A = @OP;}
385 multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION ALL.      {A = TK_ALL;}
386 multiselect_op(A) ::= INTERSECT(OP).  {A = @OP;}
387 multiselect_op(A) ::= EXCEPT(OP).     {A = @OP;}
388 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
389 oneselect(A) ::= SELECT distinct(D) selcollist(W) from(X) where_opt(Y)
390                  groupby_opt(P) having_opt(Q) orderby_opt(Z) limit_opt(L). {
391   A = sqlite3SelectNew(W,X,Y,P,Q,Z,D,L.pLimit,L.pOffset);
392 }
393 
394 // The "distinct" nonterminal is true (1) if the DISTINCT keyword is
395 // present and false (0) if it is not.
396 //
397 %type distinct {int}
398 distinct(A) ::= DISTINCT.   {A = 1;}
399 distinct(A) ::= ALL.        {A = 0;}
400 distinct(A) ::= .           {A = 0;}
401 
402 // selcollist is a list of expressions that are to become the return
403 // values of the SELECT statement.  The "*" in statements like
404 // "SELECT * FROM ..." is encoded as a special expression with an
405 // opcode of TK_ALL.
406 //
407 %type selcollist {ExprList*}
408 %destructor selcollist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
409 %type sclp {ExprList*}
410 %destructor sclp {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
411 sclp(A) ::= selcollist(X) COMMA.             {A = X;}
412 sclp(A) ::= .                                {A = 0;}
413 selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) expr(X) as(Y).     {
414    A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(P,X,Y.n?&Y:0);
415 }
416 selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) STAR. {
417   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(P, sqlite3Expr(TK_ALL, 0, 0, 0), 0);
418 }
419 selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) nm(X) DOT STAR. {
420   Expr *pRight = sqlite3Expr(TK_ALL, 0, 0, 0);
421   Expr *pLeft = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
422   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(P, sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0), 0);
423 }
424 
425 // An option "AS <id>" phrase that can follow one of the expressions that
426 // define the result set, or one of the tables in the FROM clause.
427 //
428 %type as {Token}
429 as(X) ::= AS nm(Y).    {X = Y;}
430 as(X) ::= ids(Y).      {X = Y;}
431 as(X) ::= .            {X.n = 0;}
432 
433 
434 %type seltablist {SrcList*}
435 %destructor seltablist {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
436 %type stl_prefix {SrcList*}
437 %destructor stl_prefix {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
438 %type from {SrcList*}
439 %destructor from {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
440 
441 // A complete FROM clause.
442 //
443 from(A) ::= .                                 {A = sqliteMalloc(sizeof(*A));}
444 from(A) ::= FROM seltablist(X).               {A = X;}
445 
446 // "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
447 // in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
448 //
449 stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(X) joinop(Y).    {
450    A = X;
451    if( A && A->nSrc>0 ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].jointype = Y;
452 }
453 stl_prefix(A) ::= .                           {A = 0;}
454 seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) nm(Y) dbnm(D) as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
455   A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(X,&Y,&D);
456   if( Z.n ) sqlite3SrcListAddAlias(A,&Z);
457   if( N ){
458     if( A && A->nSrc>1 ){ A->a[A->nSrc-2].pOn = N; }
459     else { sqlite3ExprDelete(N); }
460   }
461   if( U ){
462     if( A && A->nSrc>1 ){ A->a[A->nSrc-2].pUsing = U; }
463     else { sqlite3IdListDelete(U); }
464   }
465 }
466 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
467   seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP seltablist_paren(S) RP
468                     as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
469     A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(X,0,0);
470     A->a[A->nSrc-1].pSelect = S;
471     if( Z.n ) sqlite3SrcListAddAlias(A,&Z);
472     if( N ){
473       if( A && A->nSrc>1 ){ A->a[A->nSrc-2].pOn = N; }
474       else { sqlite3ExprDelete(N); }
475     }
476     if( U ){
477       if( A && A->nSrc>1 ){ A->a[A->nSrc-2].pUsing = U; }
478       else { sqlite3IdListDelete(U); }
479     }
480   }
481 
482  // A seltablist_paren nonterminal represents anything in a FROM that
483   // is contained inside parentheses.  This can be either a subquery or
484   // a grouping of table and subqueries.
485   //
486   %type seltablist_paren {Select*}
487   %destructor seltablist_paren {sqlite3SelectDelete($$);}
488   seltablist_paren(A) ::= select(S).      {A = S;}
489   seltablist_paren(A) ::= seltablist(F).  {
490      A = sqlite3SelectNew(0,F,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
491   }
492 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
493 
494 %type dbnm {Token}
495 dbnm(A) ::= .          {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
496 dbnm(A) ::= DOT nm(X). {A = X;}
497 
498 %type fullname {SrcList*}
499 %destructor fullname {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
500 fullname(A) ::= nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&Y);}
501 
502 %type joinop {int}
503 %type joinop2 {int}
504 joinop(X) ::= COMMA.                   { X = JT_INNER; }
505 joinop(X) ::= JOIN.                    { X = JT_INNER; }
506 joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) JOIN.         { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,0,0); }
507 joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) JOIN.   { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,0); }
508 joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) nm(C) JOIN.
509                                        { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,&C); }
510 
511 %type on_opt {Expr*}
512 %destructor on_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
513 on_opt(N) ::= ON expr(E).   {N = E;}
514 on_opt(N) ::= .             {N = 0;}
515 
516 %type using_opt {IdList*}
517 %destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete($$);}
518 using_opt(U) ::= USING LP inscollist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
519 using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}
520 
521 
522 %type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
523 %destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
524 %type sortlist {ExprList*}
525 %destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
526 %type sortitem {Expr*}
527 %destructor sortitem {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
528 
529 orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
530 orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
531 sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(X) COMMA sortitem(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
532   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X,Y,C.n>0?&C:0);
533   if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = Z;
534 }
535 sortlist(A) ::= sortitem(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
536   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,Y,C.n>0?&C:0);
537   if( A && A->a ) A->a[0].sortOrder = Z;
538 }
539 sortitem(A) ::= expr(X).   {A = X;}
540 
541 %type sortorder {int}
542 %type collate {Token}
543 
544 sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
545 sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
546 sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
547 collate(C) ::= .                {C.z = 0; C.n = 0;}
548 collate(C) ::= COLLATE id(X).   {C = X;}
549 
550 %type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
551 %destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
552 groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
553 groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY exprlist(X).  {A = X;}
554 
555 %type having_opt {Expr*}
556 %destructor having_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
557 having_opt(A) ::= .                {A = 0;}
558 having_opt(A) ::= HAVING expr(X).  {A = X;}
559 
560 %type limit_opt {struct LimitVal}
561 %destructor limit_opt {
562   sqlite3ExprDelete($$.pLimit);
563   sqlite3ExprDelete($$.pOffset);
564 }
565 limit_opt(A) ::= .                     {A.pLimit = 0; A.pOffset = 0;}
566 limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X).        {A.pLimit = X; A.pOffset = 0;}
567 limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) OFFSET expr(Y).
568                                        {A.pLimit = X; A.pOffset = Y;}
569 limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) COMMA expr(Y).
570                                        {A.pOffset = X; A.pLimit = Y;}
571 
572 /////////////////////////// The DELETE statement /////////////////////////////
573 //
574 cmd ::= DELETE FROM fullname(X) where_opt(Y). {sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,Y);}
575 
576 %type where_opt {Expr*}
577 %destructor where_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
578 
579 where_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
580 where_opt(A) ::= WHERE expr(X).       {A = X;}
581 
582 ////////////////////////// The UPDATE command ////////////////////////////////
583 //
584 cmd ::= UPDATE orconf(R) fullname(X) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).
585     {sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,Z,R);}
586 
587 %type setlist {ExprList*}
588 %destructor setlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
589 
590 setlist(A) ::= setlist(Z) COMMA nm(X) EQ expr(Y).
591     {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(Z,Y,&X);}
592 setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,Y,&X);}
593 
594 ////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
595 //
596 cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F)
597         VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.
598             {sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, Y, 0, F, R);}
599 cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
600             {sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, S, F, R);}
601 
602 %type insert_cmd {int}
603 insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
604 insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}
605 
606 
607 %type itemlist {ExprList*}
608 %destructor itemlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
609 
610 itemlist(A) ::= itemlist(X) COMMA expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X,Y,0);}
611 itemlist(A) ::= expr(X).                    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,X,0);}
612 
613 %type inscollist_opt {IdList*}
614 %destructor inscollist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete($$);}
615 %type inscollist {IdList*}
616 %destructor inscollist {sqlite3IdListDelete($$);}
617 
618 inscollist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
619 inscollist_opt(A) ::= LP inscollist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
620 inscollist(A) ::= inscollist(X) COMMA nm(Y).  {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(X,&Y);}
621 inscollist(A) ::= nm(Y).                      {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(0,&Y);}
622 
623 /////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
624 //
625 
626 %type expr {Expr*}
627 %destructor expr {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
628 %type term {Expr*}
629 %destructor term {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
630 
631 expr(A) ::= term(X).             {A = X;}
632 expr(A) ::= LP(B) expr(X) RP(E). {A = X; sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&E); }
633 term(A) ::= NULL(X).             {A = sqlite3Expr(@X, 0, 0, &X);}
634 expr(A) ::= ID(X).               {A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);}
635 expr(A) ::= JOIN_KW(X).          {A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);}
636 expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y). {
637   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
638   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &Y);
639   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, temp1, temp2, 0);
640 }
641 expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y) DOT nm(Z). {
642   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
643   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &Y);
644   Expr *temp3 = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &Z);
645   Expr *temp4 = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, temp2, temp3, 0);
646   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, temp1, temp4, 0);
647 }
648 term(A) ::= INTEGER(X).      {A = sqlite3Expr(@X, 0, 0, &X);}
649 term(A) ::= FLOAT(X).        {A = sqlite3Expr(@X, 0, 0, &X);}
650 term(A) ::= STRING(X).       {A = sqlite3Expr(@X, 0, 0, &X);}
651 term(A) ::= BLOB(X).         {A = sqlite3Expr(@X, 0, 0, &X);}
652 expr(A) ::= REGISTER(X).     {A = sqlite3RegisterExpr(pParse, &X);}
653 expr(A) ::= VARIABLE(X).     {
654   Token *pToken = &X;
655   Expr *pExpr = A = sqlite3Expr(TK_VARIABLE, 0, 0, pToken);
656   sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, pExpr);
657 }
658 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
659 expr(A) ::= CAST(X) LP expr(E) AS typetoken(T) RP(Y). {
660   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_CAST, E, 0, &T);
661   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X,&Y);
662 }
663 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
664 expr(A) ::= ID(X) LP distinct(D) exprlist(Y) RP(E). {
665   A = sqlite3ExprFunction(Y, &X);
666   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X,&E);
667   if( D ){
668     A->flags |= EP_Distinct;
669   }
670 }
671 expr(A) ::= ID(X) LP STAR RP(E). {
672   A = sqlite3ExprFunction(0, &X);
673   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X,&E);
674 }
675 term(A) ::= CTIME_KW(OP). {
676   /* The CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE, and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP values are
677   ** treated as functions that return constants */
678   A = sqlite3ExprFunction(0,&OP);
679   if( A ) A->op = TK_CONST_FUNC;
680 }
681 expr(A) ::= expr(X) AND(OP) expr(Y).    {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
682 expr(A) ::= expr(X) OR(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
683 expr(A) ::= expr(X) LT(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
684 expr(A) ::= expr(X) GT(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
685 expr(A) ::= expr(X) LE(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
686 expr(A) ::= expr(X) GE(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
687 expr(A) ::= expr(X) NE(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
688 expr(A) ::= expr(X) EQ(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
689 expr(A) ::= expr(X) BITAND(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
690 expr(A) ::= expr(X) BITOR(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
691 expr(A) ::= expr(X) LSHIFT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
692 expr(A) ::= expr(X) RSHIFT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
693 expr(A) ::= expr(X) PLUS(OP) expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
694 expr(A) ::= expr(X) MINUS(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
695 expr(A) ::= expr(X) STAR(OP) expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
696 expr(A) ::= expr(X) SLASH(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
697 expr(A) ::= expr(X) REM(OP) expr(Y).    {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
698 expr(A) ::= expr(X) CONCAT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
699 %type likeop {struct LikeOp}
700 likeop(A) ::= LIKE_KW(X).     {A.operator = X; A.not = 0;}
701 likeop(A) ::= NOT LIKE_KW(X). {A.operator = X; A.not = 1;}
702 %type escape {Expr*}
703 escape(X) ::= ESCAPE expr(A). [ESCAPE] {X = A;}
704 escape(X) ::= .               [ESCAPE] {X = 0;}
705 expr(A) ::= expr(X) likeop(OP) expr(Y) escape(E).  [LIKE_KW]  {
706   ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, Y, 0);
707   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pList, X, 0);
708   if( E ){
709     pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pList, E, 0);
710   }
711   A = sqlite3ExprFunction(pList, &OP.operator);
712   if( OP.not ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
713   sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X->span, &Y->span);
714 }
715 
716 expr(A) ::= expr(X) ISNULL(E). {
717   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ISNULL, X, 0, 0);
718   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
719 }
720 expr(A) ::= expr(X) IS NULL(E). {
721   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ISNULL, X, 0, 0);
722   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
723 }
724 expr(A) ::= expr(X) NOTNULL(E). {
725   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOTNULL, X, 0, 0);
726   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
727 }
728 expr(A) ::= expr(X) NOT NULL(E). {
729   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOTNULL, X, 0, 0);
730   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
731 }
732 expr(A) ::= expr(X) IS NOT NULL(E). {
733   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOTNULL, X, 0, 0);
734   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
735 }
736 expr(A) ::= NOT(B) expr(X). {
737   A = sqlite3Expr(@B, X, 0, 0);
738   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&X->span);
739 }
740 expr(A) ::= BITNOT(B) expr(X). {
741   A = sqlite3Expr(@B, X, 0, 0);
742   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&X->span);
743 }
744 expr(A) ::= MINUS(B) expr(X). [UMINUS] {
745   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_UMINUS, X, 0, 0);
746   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&X->span);
747 }
748 expr(A) ::= PLUS(B) expr(X). [UPLUS] {
749   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_UPLUS, X, 0, 0);
750   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&X->span);
751 }
752 %type between_op {int}
753 between_op(A) ::= BETWEEN.     {A = 0;}
754 between_op(A) ::= NOT BETWEEN. {A = 1;}
755 expr(A) ::= expr(W) between_op(N) expr(X) AND expr(Y). [BETWEEN] {
756   ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, X, 0);
757   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pList, Y, 0);
758   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_BETWEEN, W, 0, 0);
759   if( A ){
760     A->pList = pList;
761   }else{
762     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pList);
763   }
764   if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
765   sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&W->span,&Y->span);
766 }
767 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
768   %type in_op {int}
769   in_op(A) ::= IN.      {A = 0;}
770   in_op(A) ::= NOT IN.  {A = 1;}
771   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP exprlist(Y) RP(E). [IN] {
772     A = sqlite3Expr(TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
773     if( A ){
774       A->pList = Y;
775     }else{
776       sqlite3ExprListDelete(Y);
777     }
778     if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
779     sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
780   }
781   expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
782     A = sqlite3Expr(TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
783     if( A ){
784       A->pSelect = X;
785     }else{
786       sqlite3SelectDelete(X);
787     }
788     sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&E);
789   }
790   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
791     A = sqlite3Expr(TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
792     if( A ){
793       A->pSelect = Y;
794     }else{
795       sqlite3SelectDelete(Y);
796     }
797     if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
798     sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
799   }
800   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
801     SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&Y,&Z);
802     A = sqlite3Expr(TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
803     if( A ){
804       A->pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
805     }else{
806       sqlite3SrcListDelete(pSrc);
807     }
808     if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
809     sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,Z.z?&Z:&Y);
810   }
811   expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
812     Expr *p = A = sqlite3Expr(TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
813     if( p ){
814       p->pSelect = Y;
815       sqlite3ExprSpan(p,&B,&E);
816     }else{
817       sqlite3SelectDelete(Y);
818     }
819   }
820 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
821 
822 /* CASE expressions */
823 expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
824   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_CASE, X, Z, 0);
825   if( A ){
826     A->pList = Y;
827   }else{
828     sqlite3ExprListDelete(Y);
829   }
830   sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &C, &E);
831 }
832 %type case_exprlist {ExprList*}
833 %destructor case_exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
834 case_exprlist(A) ::= case_exprlist(X) WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
835   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X, Y, 0);
836   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(A, Z, 0);
837 }
838 case_exprlist(A) ::= WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
839   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, Y, 0);
840   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(A, Z, 0);
841 }
842 %type case_else {Expr*}
843 case_else(A) ::=  ELSE expr(X).         {A = X;}
844 case_else(A) ::=  .                     {A = 0;}
845 %type case_operand {Expr*}
846 case_operand(A) ::= expr(X).            {A = X;}
847 case_operand(A) ::= .                   {A = 0;}
848 
849 %type exprlist {ExprList*}
850 %destructor exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
851 %type expritem {Expr*}
852 %destructor expritem {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}
853 
854 exprlist(A) ::= exprlist(X) COMMA expritem(Y).
855                                         {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X,Y,0);}
856 exprlist(A) ::= expritem(X).            {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,X,0);}
857 expritem(A) ::= expr(X).                {A = X;}
858 expritem(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
859 
860 ///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
861 //
862 cmd ::= CREATE(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX nm(X) dbnm(D)
863         ON nm(Y) LP idxlist(Z) RP(E) onconf(R). {
864   if( U!=OE_None ) U = R;
865   if( U==OE_Default) U = OE_Abort;
866   sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&Y,0),Z,U, &S, &E);
867 }
868 
869 %type uniqueflag {int}
870 uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
871 uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}
872 
873 %type idxlist {ExprList*}
874 %destructor idxlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
875 %type idxlist_opt {ExprList*}
876 %destructor idxlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
877 %type idxitem {Token}
878 
879 idxlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
880 idxlist_opt(A) ::= LP idxlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
881 idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA idxitem(Y) collate(C) sortorder.  {
882   Expr *p = 0;
883   if( C.n>0 ){
884     p = sqlite3Expr(TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
885     if( p ) p->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, C.z, C.n);
886   }
887   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X, p, &Y);
888 }
889 idxlist(A) ::= idxitem(Y) collate(C) sortorder. {
890   Expr *p = 0;
891   if( C.n>0 ){
892     p = sqlite3Expr(TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
893     if( p ) p->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, C.z, C.n);
894   }
895   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, p, &Y);
896 }
897 idxitem(A) ::= nm(X).              {A = X;}
898 
899 
900 ///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
901 //
902 cmd ::= DROP INDEX fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X);}
903 
904 ///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
905 //
906 cmd ::= VACUUM.                {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
907 cmd ::= VACUUM nm.             {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
908 
909 ///////////////////////////// The PRAGMA command /////////////////////////////
910 //
911 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
912 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ nm(Y).  {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
913 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ ON(Y).  {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
914 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ plus_num(Y). {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
915 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ minus_num(Y). {
916   sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);
917 }
918 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP nm(Y) RP. {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
919 cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z).             {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,0,0);}
920 %endif // SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
921 plus_num(A) ::= plus_opt number(X).   {A = X;}
922 minus_num(A) ::= MINUS number(X).     {A = X;}
923 number(A) ::= INTEGER(X).             {A = X;}
924 number(A) ::= FLOAT(X).               {A = X;}
925 plus_opt ::= PLUS.
926 plus_opt ::= .
927 
928 //////////////////////////// The CREATE TRIGGER command /////////////////////
929 
930 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
931 
932 cmd ::= CREATE trigger_decl(A) BEGIN trigger_cmd_list(S) END(Z). {
933   Token all;
934   all.z = A.z;
935   all.n = (Z.z - A.z) + Z.n;
936   sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, S, &all);
937 }
938 
939 trigger_decl(A) ::= temp(T) TRIGGER nm(B) dbnm(Z) trigger_time(C)
940                     trigger_event(D)
941                     ON fullname(E) foreach_clause(F) when_clause(G). {
942   sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &B, &Z, C, D.a, D.b, E, F, G, T);
943   A = (Z.n==0?B:Z);
944 }
945 
946 %type trigger_time  {int}
947 trigger_time(A) ::= BEFORE.      { A = TK_BEFORE; }
948 trigger_time(A) ::= AFTER.       { A = TK_AFTER;  }
949 trigger_time(A) ::= INSTEAD OF.  { A = TK_INSTEAD;}
950 trigger_time(A) ::= .            { A = TK_BEFORE; }
951 
952 %type trigger_event {struct TrigEvent}
953 %destructor trigger_event {sqlite3IdListDelete($$.b);}
954 trigger_event(A) ::= DELETE(OP).              {A.a = @OP; A.b = 0;}
955 trigger_event(A) ::= INSERT(OP).              {A.a = @OP; A.b = 0;}
956 trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE(OP).              {A.a = @OP; A.b = 0;}
957 trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE OF inscollist(X). {A.a = TK_UPDATE; A.b = X;}
958 
959 %type foreach_clause {int}
960 foreach_clause(A) ::= .                   { A = TK_ROW; }
961 foreach_clause(A) ::= FOR EACH ROW.       { A = TK_ROW; }
962 foreach_clause(A) ::= FOR EACH STATEMENT. { A = TK_STATEMENT; }
963 
964 %type when_clause {Expr*}
965 when_clause(A) ::= .             { A = 0; }
966 when_clause(A) ::= WHEN expr(X). { A = X; }
967 
968 %type trigger_cmd_list {TriggerStep*}
969 %destructor trigger_cmd_list {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep($$);}
970 trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= trigger_cmd(X) SEMI trigger_cmd_list(Y). {
971   X->pNext = Y;
972   A = X;
973 }
974 trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= . { A = 0; }
975 
976 %type trigger_cmd {TriggerStep*}
977 %destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep($$);}
978 // UPDATE
979 trigger_cmd(A) ::= UPDATE orconf(R) nm(X) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).
980                { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(&X, Y, Z, R); }
981 
982 // INSERT
983 trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) inscollist_opt(F)
984                    VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.
985                {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(&X, F, Y, 0, R);}
986 
987 trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
988                {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(&X, F, 0, S, R);}
989 
990 // DELETE
991 trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM nm(X) where_opt(Y).
992                {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(&X, Y);}
993 
994 // SELECT
995 trigger_cmd(A) ::= select(X).  {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(X); }
996 
997 // The special RAISE expression that may occur in trigger programs
998 expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP IGNORE RP(Y).  {
999   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, 0);
1000   A->iColumn = OE_Ignore;
1001   sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
1002 }
1003 expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP raisetype(T) COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
1004   A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z);
1005   A->iColumn = T;
1006   sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
1007 }
1008 %endif // !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
1009 
1010 %type raisetype {int}
1011 raisetype(A) ::= ROLLBACK.  {A = OE_Rollback;}
1012 raisetype(A) ::= ABORT.     {A = OE_Abort;}
1013 raisetype(A) ::= FAIL.      {A = OE_Fail;}
1014 
1015 
1016 ////////////////////////  DROP TRIGGER statement //////////////////////////////
1017 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
1018 cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER fullname(X). {
1019   sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,X);
1020 }
1021 %endif // !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
1022 
1023 //////////////////////// ATTACH DATABASE file AS name /////////////////////////
1024 cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt ids(F) AS nm(D) key_opt(K). {
1025   sqlite3Attach(pParse, &F, &D, K.type, &K.key);
1026 }
1027 %type key_opt {struct AttachKey}
1028 key_opt(A) ::= .                     { A.type = 0; }
1029 key_opt(A) ::= KEY ids(X).           { A.type=1; A.key = X; }
1030 key_opt(A) ::= KEY BLOB(X).          { A.type=2; A.key = X; }
1031 
1032 database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE.
1033 database_kw_opt ::= .
1034 
1035 //////////////////////// DETACH DATABASE name /////////////////////////////////
1036 cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt nm(D). {
1037   sqlite3Detach(pParse, &D);
1038 }
1039 
1040 ////////////////////////// REINDEX collation //////////////////////////////////
1041 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
1042 cmd ::= REINDEX.                {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
1043 cmd ::= REINDEX nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &X, &Y);}
1044 %endif
1045 
1046 /////////////////////////////////// ANALYZE ///////////////////////////////////
1047 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
1048 cmd ::= ANALYZE.                {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
1049 cmd ::= ANALYZE nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &X, &Y);}
1050 %endif
1051 
1052 //////////////////////// ALTER TABLE table ... ////////////////////////////////
1053 %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1054 cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname(X) RENAME TO nm(Z). {
1055   sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,X,&Z);
1056 }
1057 cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt column(Y). {
1058   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &Y);
1059 }
1060 add_column_fullname ::= fullname(X). {
1061   sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, X);
1062 }
1063 kwcolumn_opt ::= .
1064 kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW.
1065 %endif
1066