sqlite-3.40.0/src/alter.c

/*
** 2005 February 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that used to generate VDBE code
** that implements the ALTER TABLE command.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The code in this file only exists if we are not omitting the
** ALTER TABLE logic from the build.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE

/*
** Parameter zName is the name of a table that is about to be altered
** (either with ALTER TABLE ... RENAME TO or ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN).
** If the table is a system table, this function leaves an error message
** in pParse->zErr (system tables may not be altered) and returns non-zero.
**
** Or, if zName is not a system table, zero is returned.
*/
static int isAlterableTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
  if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   || ( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Shadow)!=0
        && sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(pParse->db)
   )
#endif
  ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", pTab->zName);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Generate code to verify that the schemas of database zDb and, if
** bTemp is not true, database "temp", can still be parsed. This is
** called at the end of the generation of an ALTER TABLE ... RENAME ...
** statement to ensure that the operation has not rendered any schema
** objects unusable.
*/
static void renameTestSchema(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db to verify schema of */
  int bTemp,                      /* True if this is the temp db */
  const char *zWhen,              /* "when" part of error message */
  const char *zDropColumn         /* Name of column being dropped */
){
  pParse->colNamesSet = 1;
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "SELECT 1 "
      "FROM \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
      " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
      " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, %d, %Q, %Q)=NULL ",
      zDb,
      zDb, bTemp, zWhen, zDropColumn
  );

  if( bTemp==0 ){
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "SELECT 1 "
        "FROM temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
        "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
        " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
        " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1, %Q, %Q)=NULL ",
        zDb, zWhen, zDropColumn
    );
  }
}

/*
** Generate code to reload the schema for database iDb. And, if iDb!=1, for
** the temp database as well.
*/
static void renameReloadSchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb, u16 p5){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( v ){
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, iDb, 0, p5);
    if( iDb!=1 ) sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, 1, 0, p5);
  }
}

/*
** Generate code to implement the "ALTER TABLE xxx RENAME TO yyy"
** command.
*/
void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
  Parse *pParse,            /* Parser context. */
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* The table to rename. */
  Token *pName              /* The new table name. */
){
  int iDb;                  /* Database that contains the table */
  char *zDb;                /* Name of database iDb */
  Table *pTab;              /* Table being renamed */
  char *zName = 0;          /* NULL-terminated version of pName */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* Database connection */
  int nTabName;             /* Number of UTF-8 characters in zTabName */
  const char *zTabName;     /* Original name of the table */
  Vdbe *v;
  VTable *pVTab = 0;        /* Non-zero if this is a v-tab with an xRename() */
  u32 savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */

  savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
  if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_rename_table;
  assert( pSrc->nSrc==1 );
  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );

  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_table;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;

  /* Get a NULL terminated version of the new table name. */
  zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
  if( !zName ) goto exit_rename_table;

  /* Check that a table or index named 'zName' does not already exist
  ** in database iDb. If so, this is an error.
  */
  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDb)
   || sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, zDb)
   || sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(db, pTab, zName)
  ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
        "there is already another table or index with this name: %s", zName);
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }

  /* Make sure it is not a system table being altered, or a reserved name
  ** that the table is being renamed to.
  */
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse,zName,"table",zName) ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "view %s may not be altered", pTab->zName);
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, 0) ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
    pVTab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
    if( pVTab->pVtab->pModule->xRename==0 ){
      pVTab = 0;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Begin a transaction for database iDb. Then modify the schema cookie
  ** (since the ALTER TABLE modifies the schema). Call sqlite3MayAbort(),
  ** as the scalar functions (e.g. sqlite_rename_table()) invoked by the
  ** nested SQL may raise an exception.  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);

  /* figure out how many UTF-8 characters are in zName */
  zTabName = pTab->zName;
  nTabName = sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zTabName, -1);

  /* Rewrite all CREATE TABLE, INDEX, TRIGGER or VIEW statements in
  ** the schema to use the new table name.  */
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_rename_table(%Q, type, name, sql, %Q, %Q, %d) "
      "WHERE (type!='index' OR tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase)"
      "AND   name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
      , zDb, zDb, zTabName, zName, (iDb==1), zTabName
  );

  /* Update the tbl_name and name columns of the sqlite_schema table
  ** as required.  */
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
          "tbl_name = %Q, "
          "name = CASE "
            "WHEN type='table' THEN %Q "
            "WHEN name LIKE 'sqliteX_autoindex%%' ESCAPE 'X' "
            "     AND type='index' THEN "
             "'sqlite_autoindex_' || %Q || substr(name,%d+18) "
            "ELSE name END "
      "WHERE tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase AND "
          "(type='table' OR type='index' OR type='trigger');",
      zDb,
      zName, zName, zName,
      nTabName, zTabName
  );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
  /* If the sqlite_sequence table exists in this database, then update
  ** it with the new table name.
  */
  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_sequence", zDb) ){
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "UPDATE \"%w\".sqlite_sequence set name = %Q WHERE name = %Q",
        zDb, zName, pTab->zName);
  }
#endif

  /* If the table being renamed is not itself part of the temp database,
  ** edit view and trigger definitions within the temp database
  ** as required.  */
  if( iDb!=1 ){
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "UPDATE sqlite_temp_schema SET "
            "sql = sqlite_rename_table(%Q, type, name, sql, %Q, %Q, 1), "
            "tbl_name = "
              "CASE WHEN tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase AND "
              "  sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1, 'after rename',0) "
              "THEN %Q ELSE tbl_name END "
            "WHERE type IN ('view', 'trigger')"
        , zDb, zTabName, zName, zTabName, zDb, zName);
  }

  /* If this is a virtual table, invoke the xRename() function if
  ** one is defined. The xRename() callback will modify the names
  ** of any resources used by the v-table implementation (including other
  ** SQLite tables) that are identified by the name of the virtual table.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( pVTab ){
    int i = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, i, zName);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VRename, i, 0, 0,(const char*)pVTab, P4_VTAB);
  }
#endif

  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "after rename", 0);

exit_rename_table:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
}

/*
** Write code that will raise an error if the table described by
** zDb and zTab is not empty.
*/
static void sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  const char *zDb,      /* Schema holding the table */
  const char *zTab,     /* Table to check for empty */
  const char *zErr      /* Error message text */
){
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
     "SELECT raise(ABORT,%Q) FROM \"%w\".\"%w\"",
     zErr, zDb, zTab
  );
}

/*
** This function is called after an "ALTER TABLE ... ADD" statement
** has been parsed. Argument pColDef contains the text of the new
** column definition.
**
** The Table structure pParse->pNewTable was extended to include
** the new column during parsing.
*/
void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
  Table *pNew;              /* Copy of pParse->pNewTable */
  Table *pTab;              /* Table being altered */
  int iDb;                  /* Database number */
  const char *zDb;          /* Database name */
  const char *zTab;         /* Table name */
  char *zCol;               /* Null-terminated column definition */
  Column *pCol;             /* The new column */
  Expr *pDflt;              /* Default value for the new column */
  sqlite3 *db;              /* The database connection; */
  Vdbe *v;                  /* The prepared statement under construction */
  int r1;                   /* Temporary registers */

  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
  pNew = pParse->pNewTable;
  assert( pNew );

  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pNew->pSchema);
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
  zTab = &pNew->zName[16];  /* Skip the "sqlite_altertab_" prefix on the name */
  pCol = &pNew->aCol[pNew->nCol-1];
  pDflt = pCol->pDflt;
  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, zDb);
  assert( pTab );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, 0) ){
    return;
  }
#endif


  /* Check that the new column is not specified as PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE.
  ** If there is a NOT NULL constraint, then the default value for the
  ** column must not be NULL.
  */
  if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a PRIMARY KEY column");
    return;
  }
  if( pNew->pIndex ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "Cannot add a UNIQUE column");
    return;
  }
  if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 ){
    /* If the default value for the new column was specified with a
    ** literal NULL, then set pDflt to 0. This simplifies checking
    ** for an SQL NULL default below.
    */
    assert( pDflt==0 || pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
    if( pDflt && pDflt->pLeft->op==TK_NULL ){
      pDflt = 0;
    }
    if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && pNew->pFKey && pDflt ){
      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
          "Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value");
    }
    if( pCol->notNull && !pDflt ){
      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
          "Cannot add a NOT NULL column with default value NULL");
    }


    /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
    ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
    */
    if( pDflt ){
      sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
      int rc;
      rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pVal);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        assert( db->mallocFailed == 1 );
        return;
      }
      if( !pVal ){
        sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
           "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");
      }
      sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
    }
  }else if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED ){
    sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab, "cannot add a STORED column");
  }


  /* Modify the CREATE TABLE statement. */
  zCol = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pColDef->z, pColDef->n);
  if( zCol ){
    char *zEnd = &zCol[pColDef->n-1];
    u32 savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
    while( zEnd>zCol && (*zEnd==';' || sqlite3Isspace(*zEnd)) ){
      *zEnd-- = '\0';
    }
    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
    /* substr() operations on characters, but addColOffset is in bytes. So we
    ** have to use printf() to translate between these units: */
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
          "sql = printf('%%.%ds, ',sql) || %Q"
          " || substr(sql,1+length(printf('%%.%ds',sql))) "
        "WHERE type = 'table' AND name = %Q",
      zDb, pNew->addColOffset, zCol, pNew->addColOffset,
      zTab
    );
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
    db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
  }

  /* Make sure the schema version is at least 3.  But do not upgrade
  ** from less than 3 to 4, as that will corrupt any preexisting DESC
  ** index.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v ){
    r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, r1, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT);
    sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, r1, -2);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, r1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT, 3);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
  }

  /* Reload the table definition */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
}

/*
** This function is called by the parser after the table-name in
** an "ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD" statement is parsed. Argument
** pSrc is the full-name of the table being altered.
**
** This routine makes a (partial) copy of the Table structure
** for the table being altered and sets Parse.pNewTable to point
** to it. Routines called by the parser as the column definition
** is parsed (i.e. sqlite3AddColumn()) add the new Column data to
** the copy. The copy of the Table structure is deleted by tokenize.c
** after parsing is finished.
**
** Routine sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn() will be called to complete
** coding the "ALTER TABLE ... ADD" statement.
*/
void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
  Table *pNew;
  Table *pTab;
  int iDb;
  int i;
  int nAlloc;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  /* Look up the table being altered. */
  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_begin_add_column;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "virtual tables may not be altered");
    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }
#endif

  /* Make sure this is not an attempt to ALTER a view. */
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column to a view");
    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ){
    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }

  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
  assert( pTab->addColOffset>0 );
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);

  /* Put a copy of the Table struct in Parse.pNewTable for the
  ** sqlite3AddColumn() function and friends to modify.  But modify
  ** the name by adding an "sqlite_altertab_" prefix.  By adding this
  ** prefix, we insure that the name will not collide with an existing
  ** table because user table are not allowed to have the "sqlite_"
  ** prefix on their name.
  */
  pNew = (Table*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
  if( !pNew ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
  pParse->pNewTable = pNew;
  pNew->nTabRef = 1;
  pNew->nCol = pTab->nCol;
  assert( pNew->nCol>0 );
  nAlloc = (((pNew->nCol-1)/8)*8)+8;
  assert( nAlloc>=pNew->nCol && nAlloc%8==0 && nAlloc-pNew->nCol<8 );
  pNew->aCol = (Column*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Column)*nAlloc);
  pNew->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_altertab_%s", pTab->zName);
  if( !pNew->aCol || !pNew->zName ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }
  memcpy(pNew->aCol, pTab->aCol, sizeof(Column)*pNew->nCol);
  for(i=0; i<pNew->nCol; i++){
    Column *pCol = &pNew->aCol[i];
    pCol->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCol->zName);
    pCol->hName = sqlite3StrIHash(pCol->zName);
    pCol->zColl = 0;
    pCol->pDflt = 0;
  }
  pNew->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pNew->addColOffset = pTab->addColOffset;
  pNew->nTabRef = 1;

exit_begin_add_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
  return;
}

/*
** Parameter pTab is the subject of an ALTER TABLE ... RENAME COLUMN
** command. This function checks if the table is a view or virtual
** table (columns of views or virtual tables may not be renamed). If so,
** it loads an error message into pParse and returns non-zero.
**
** Or, if pTab is not a view or virtual table, zero is returned.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
static int isRealTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int bDrop){
  const char *zType = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    zType = "view";
  }
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
    zType = "virtual table";
  }
#endif
  if( zType ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot %s %s \"%s\"",
        (bDrop ? "drop column from" : "rename columns of"),
        zType, pTab->zName
    );
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
#else /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
# define isRealTable(x,y,z) (0)
#endif

/*
** Handles the following parser reduction:
**
**  cmd ::= ALTER TABLE pSrc RENAME COLUMN pOld TO pNew
*/
void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parsing context */
  SrcList *pSrc,                  /* Table being altered.  pSrc->nSrc==1 */
  Token *pOld,                    /* Name of column being changed */
  Token *pNew                     /* New column name */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database connection */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Table being updated */
  int iCol;                       /* Index of column being renamed */
  char *zOld = 0;                 /* Old column name */
  char *zNew = 0;                 /* New column name */
  const char *zDb;                /* Name of schema containing the table */
  int iSchema;                    /* Index of the schema */
  int bQuote;                     /* True to quote the new name */

  /* Locate the table to be altered */
  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_column;

  /* Cannot alter a system table */
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_rename_column;
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab, 0) ) goto exit_rename_column;

  /* Which schema holds the table to be altered */
  iSchema = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  assert( iSchema>=0 );
  zDb = db->aDb[iSchema].zDbSName;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, 0) ){
    goto exit_rename_column;
  }
#endif

  /* Make sure the old name really is a column name in the table to be
  ** altered.  Set iCol to be the index of the column being renamed */
  zOld = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pOld);
  if( !zOld ) goto exit_rename_column;
  for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
    if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[iCol].zName, zOld) ) break;
  }
  if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: \"%s\"", zOld);
    goto exit_rename_column;
  }

  /* Do the rename operation using a recursive UPDATE statement that
  ** uses the sqlite_rename_column() SQL function to compute the new
  ** CREATE statement text for the sqlite_schema table.
  */
  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
  zNew = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pNew);
  if( !zNew ) goto exit_rename_column;
  assert( pNew->n>0 );
  bQuote = sqlite3Isquote(pNew->z[0]);
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_rename_column(sql, type, name, %Q, %Q, %d, %Q, %d, %d) "
      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X' "
      " AND (type != 'index' OR tbl_name = %Q)"
      " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'",
      zDb,
      zDb, pTab->zName, iCol, zNew, bQuote, iSchema==1,
      pTab->zName
  );

  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_rename_column(sql, type, name, %Q, %Q, %d, %Q, %d, 1) "
      "WHERE type IN ('trigger', 'view')",
      zDb, pTab->zName, iCol, zNew, bQuote
  );

  /* Drop and reload the database schema. */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iSchema, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iSchema==1, "after rename", 0);

 exit_rename_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zOld);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zNew);
  return;
}

/*
** Each RenameToken object maps an element of the parse tree into
** the token that generated that element.  The parse tree element
** might be one of:
**
**     *  A pointer to an Expr that represents an ID
**     *  The name of a table column in Column.zName
**
** A list of RenameToken objects can be constructed during parsing.
** Each new object is created by sqlite3RenameTokenMap().
** As the parse tree is transformed, the sqlite3RenameTokenRemap()
** routine is used to keep the mapping current.
**
** After the parse finishes, renameTokenFind() routine can be used
** to look up the actual token value that created some element in
** the parse tree.
*/
struct RenameToken {
  void *p;               /* Parse tree element created by token t */
  Token t;               /* The token that created parse tree element p */
  RenameToken *pNext;    /* Next is a list of all RenameToken objects */
};

/*
** The context of an ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN operation that gets passed
** down into the Walker.
*/
typedef struct RenameCtx RenameCtx;
struct RenameCtx {
  RenameToken *pList;             /* List of tokens to overwrite */
  int nList;                      /* Number of tokens in pList */
  int iCol;                       /* Index of column being renamed */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Table being ALTERed */
  const char *zOld;               /* Old column name */
};

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** This function is only for debugging. It performs two tasks:
**
**   1. Checks that pointer pPtr does not already appear in the
**      rename-token list.
**
**   2. Dereferences each pointer in the rename-token list.
**
** The second is most effective when debugging under valgrind or
** address-sanitizer or similar. If any of these pointers no longer
** point to valid objects, an exception is raised by the memory-checking
** tool.
**
** The point of this is to prevent comparisons of invalid pointer values.
** Even though this always seems to work, it is undefined according to the
** C standard. Example of undefined comparison:
**
**     sqlite3_free(x);
**     if( x==y ) ...
**
** Technically, as x no longer points into a valid object or to the byte
** following a valid object, it may not be used in comparison operations.
*/
static void renameTokenCheckAll(Parse *pParse, void *pPtr){
  if( pParse->nErr==0 && pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    RenameToken *p;
    u8 i = 0;
    for(p=pParse->pRename; p; p=p->pNext){
      if( p->p ){
        assert( p->p!=pPtr );
        i += *(u8*)(p->p);
      }
    }
  }
}
#else
# define renameTokenCheckAll(x,y)
#endif

/*
** Remember that the parser tree element pPtr was created using
** the token pToken.
**
** In other words, construct a new RenameToken object and add it
** to the list of RenameToken objects currently being built up
** in pParse->pRename.
**
** The pPtr argument is returned so that this routine can be used
** with tail recursion in tokenExpr() routine, for a small performance
** improvement.
*/
void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse *pParse, void *pPtr, Token *pToken){
  RenameToken *pNew;
  assert( pPtr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  renameTokenCheckAll(pParse, pPtr);
  if( ALWAYS(pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_UNMAP) ){
    pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(RenameToken));
    if( pNew ){
      pNew->p = pPtr;
      pNew->t = *pToken;
      pNew->pNext = pParse->pRename;
      pParse->pRename = pNew;
    }
  }

  return pPtr;
}

/*
** It is assumed that there is already a RenameToken object associated
** with parse tree element pFrom. This function remaps the associated token
** to parse tree element pTo.
*/
void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse *pParse, void *pTo, void *pFrom){
  RenameToken *p;
  renameTokenCheckAll(pParse, pTo);
  for(p=pParse->pRename; p; p=p->pNext){
    if( p->p==pFrom ){
      p->p = pTo;
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Walker callback used by sqlite3RenameExprUnmap().
*/
static int renameUnmapExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
  sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pExpr);
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Iterate through the Select objects that are part of WITH clauses attached
** to select statement pSelect.
*/
static void renameWalkWith(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
  With *pWith = pSelect->pWith;
  if( pWith ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pWith->nCte; i++){
      Select *p = pWith->a[i].pSelect;
      NameContext sNC;
      memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
      sNC.pParse = pWalker->pParse;
      sqlite3SelectPrep(sNC.pParse, p, &sNC);
      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, p);
      sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(pWalker->pParse, pWith->a[i].pCols);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Unmap all tokens in the IdList object passed as the second argument.
*/
static void unmapColumnIdlistNames(
  Parse *pParse,
  IdList *pIdList
){
  if( pIdList ){
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pIdList->nId; ii++){
      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pIdList->a[ii].zName);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Walker callback used by sqlite3RenameExprUnmap().
*/
static int renameUnmapSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
  int i;
  if( pParse->nErr ) return WRC_Abort;
  if( NEVER(p->selFlags & SF_View) ) return WRC_Prune;
  if( ALWAYS(p->pEList) ){
    ExprList *pList = p->pEList;
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      if( pList->a[i].zEName && pList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pList->a[i].zEName);
      }
    }
  }
  if( ALWAYS(p->pSrc) ){  /* Every Select as a SrcList, even if it is empty */
    SrcList *pSrc = p->pSrc;
    for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pSrc->a[i].zName);
      if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pSrc->a[i].pOn) ) return WRC_Abort;
      unmapColumnIdlistNames(pParse, pSrc->a[i].pUsing);
    }
  }

  renameWalkWith(pWalker, p);
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Remove all nodes that are part of expression pExpr from the rename list.
*/
void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  u8 eMode = pParse->eParseMode;
  Walker sWalker;
  memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
  sWalker.pParse = pParse;
  sWalker.xExprCallback = renameUnmapExprCb;
  sWalker.xSelectCallback = renameUnmapSelectCb;
  pParse->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_UNMAP;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pExpr);
  pParse->eParseMode = eMode;
}

/*
** Remove all nodes that are part of expression-list pEList from the
** rename list.
*/
void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pEList){
  if( pEList ){
    int i;
    Walker sWalker;
    memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
    sWalker.pParse = pParse;
    sWalker.xExprCallback = renameUnmapExprCb;
    sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pEList);
    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
      if( ALWAYS(pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME) ){
        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pEList->a[i].zEName);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Free the list of RenameToken objects given in the second argument
*/
static void renameTokenFree(sqlite3 *db, RenameToken *pToken){
  RenameToken *pNext;
  RenameToken *p;
  for(p=pToken; p; p=pNext){
    pNext = p->pNext;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
  }
}

/*
** Search the Parse object passed as the first argument for a RenameToken
** object associated with parse tree element pPtr. If found, return a pointer
** to it. Otherwise, return NULL.
**
** If the second argument passed to this function is not NULL and a matching
** RenameToken object is found, remove it from the Parse object and add it to
** the list maintained by the RenameCtx object.
*/
static RenameToken *renameTokenFind(
  Parse *pParse,
  struct RenameCtx *pCtx,
  void *pPtr
){
  RenameToken **pp;
  assert( pPtr!=0 );
  for(pp=&pParse->pRename; (*pp); pp=&(*pp)->pNext){
    if( (*pp)->p==pPtr ){
      RenameToken *pToken = *pp;
      if( pCtx ){
        *pp = pToken->pNext;
        pToken->pNext = pCtx->pList;
        pCtx->pList = pToken;
        pCtx->nList++;
      }
      return pToken;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** This is a Walker select callback. It does nothing. It is only required
** because without a dummy callback, sqlite3WalkExpr() and similar do not
** descend into sub-select statements.
*/
static int renameColumnSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
  if( p->selFlags & SF_View ) return WRC_Prune;
  renameWalkWith(pWalker, p);
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** This is a Walker expression callback.
**
** For every TK_COLUMN node in the expression tree, search to see
** if the column being references is the column being renamed by an
** ALTER TABLE statement.  If it is, then attach its associated
** RenameToken object to the list of RenameToken objects being
** constructed in RenameCtx object at pWalker->u.pRename.
*/
static int renameColumnExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER
   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
   && pWalker->pParse->pTriggerTab==p->pTab
  ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
   && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab
  ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** The RenameCtx contains a list of tokens that reference a column that
** is being renamed by an ALTER TABLE statement.  Return the "last"
** RenameToken in the RenameCtx and remove that RenameToken from the
** RenameContext.  "Last" means the last RenameToken encountered when
** the input SQL is parsed from left to right.  Repeated calls to this routine
** return all column name tokens in the order that they are encountered
** in the SQL statement.
*/
static RenameToken *renameColumnTokenNext(RenameCtx *pCtx){
  RenameToken *pBest = pCtx->pList;
  RenameToken *pToken;
  RenameToken **pp;

  for(pToken=pBest->pNext; pToken; pToken=pToken->pNext){
    if( pToken->t.z>pBest->t.z ) pBest = pToken;
  }
  for(pp=&pCtx->pList; *pp!=pBest; pp=&(*pp)->pNext);
  *pp = pBest->pNext;

  return pBest;
}

/*
** An error occured while parsing or otherwise processing a database
** object (either pParse->pNewTable, pNewIndex or pNewTrigger) as part of an
** ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN program. The error message emitted by the
** sub-routine is currently stored in pParse->zErrMsg. This function
** adds context to the error message and then stores it in pCtx.
*/
static void renameColumnParseError(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const char *zWhen,
  sqlite3_value *pType,
  sqlite3_value *pObject,
  Parse *pParse
){
  const char *zT = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pType);
  const char *zN = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pObject);
  char *zErr;

  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in %s %s%s%s: %s",
      zT, zN, (zWhen[0] ? " " : ""), zWhen,
      pParse->zErrMsg
  );
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
  sqlite3_free(zErr);
}

/*
** For each name in the the expression-list pEList (i.e. each
** pEList->a[i].zName) that matches the string in zOld, extract the
** corresponding rename-token from Parse object pParse and add it
** to the RenameCtx pCtx.
*/
static void renameColumnElistNames(
  Parse *pParse,
  RenameCtx *pCtx,
  ExprList *pEList,
  const char *zOld
){
  if( pEList ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zEName;
      if( ALWAYS(pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME)
       && ALWAYS(zName!=0)
       && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zName, zOld)
      ){
        renameTokenFind(pParse, pCtx, (void*)zName);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** For each name in the the id-list pIdList (i.e. each pIdList->a[i].zName)
** that matches the string in zOld, extract the corresponding rename-token
** from Parse object pParse and add it to the RenameCtx pCtx.
*/
static void renameColumnIdlistNames(
  Parse *pParse,
  RenameCtx *pCtx,
  IdList *pIdList,
  const char *zOld
){
  if( pIdList ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pIdList->nId; i++){
      char *zName = pIdList->a[i].zName;
      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zName, zOld) ){
        renameTokenFind(pParse, pCtx, (void*)zName);
      }
    }
  }
}


/*
** Parse the SQL statement zSql using Parse object (*p). The Parse object
** is initialized by this function before it is used.
*/
static int renameParseSql(
  Parse *p,                       /* Memory to use for Parse object */
  const char *zDb,                /* Name of schema SQL belongs to */
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,               /* SQL to parse */
  int bTemp,                      /* True if SQL is from temp schema */
  const char *zDropColumn         /* Name of column being dropped */
){
  int rc;
  char *zErr = 0;

  db->init.iDb = bTemp ? 1 : sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
  if( zDropColumn ){
    db->init.bDropColumn = 1;
    db->init.azInit = (char**)&zDropColumn;
  }

  /* Parse the SQL statement passed as the first argument. If no error
  ** occurs and the parse does not result in a new table, index or
  ** trigger object, the database must be corrupt. */
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(Parse));
  p->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_RENAME;
  p->db = db;
  p->nQueryLoop = 1;
  rc = zSql ? sqlite3RunParser(p, zSql, &zErr) : SQLITE_NOMEM;
  assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || zErr==0 );
  p->zErrMsg = zErr;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
   && p->pNewTable==0 && p->pNewIndex==0 && p->pNewTrigger==0
  ){
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Ensure that all mappings in the Parse.pRename list really do map to
  ** a part of the input string.  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nSql = sqlite3Strlen30(zSql);
    RenameToken *pToken;
    for(pToken=p->pRename; pToken; pToken=pToken->pNext){
      assert( pToken->t.z>=zSql && &pToken->t.z[pToken->t.n]<=&zSql[nSql] );
    }
  }
#endif

  db->init.iDb = 0;
  db->init.bDropColumn = 0;
  return rc;
}

/*
** This function edits SQL statement zSql, replacing each token identified
** by the linked list pRename with the text of zNew. If argument bQuote is
** true, then zNew is always quoted first. If no error occurs, the result
** is loaded into context object pCtx as the result.
**
** Or, if an error occurs (i.e. an OOM condition), an error is left in
** pCtx and an SQLite error code returned.
*/
static int renameEditSql(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Return result here */
  RenameCtx *pRename,             /* Rename context */
  const char *zSql,               /* SQL statement to edit */
  const char *zNew,               /* New token text */
  int bQuote                      /* True to always quote token */
){
  int nNew = sqlite3Strlen30(zNew);
  int nSql = sqlite3Strlen30(zSql);
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char *zQuot;
  char *zOut;
  int nQuot;

  /* Set zQuot to point to a buffer containing a quoted copy of the
  ** identifier zNew. If the corresponding identifier in the original
  ** ALTER TABLE statement was quoted (bQuote==1), then set zNew to
  ** point to zQuot so that all substitutions are made using the
  ** quoted version of the new column name.  */
  zQuot = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "\"%w\"", zNew);
  if( zQuot==0 ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    nQuot = sqlite3Strlen30(zQuot);
  }
  if( bQuote ){
    zNew = zQuot;
    nNew = nQuot;
  }

  /* At this point pRename->pList contains a list of RenameToken objects
  ** corresponding to all tokens in the input SQL that must be replaced
  ** with the new column name. All that remains is to construct and
  ** return the edited SQL string. */
  assert( nQuot>=nNew );
  zOut = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nSql + pRename->nList*nQuot + 1);
  if( zOut ){
    int nOut = nSql;
    memcpy(zOut, zSql, nSql);
    while( pRename->pList ){
      int iOff;                   /* Offset of token to replace in zOut */
      RenameToken *pBest = renameColumnTokenNext(pRename);

      u32 nReplace;
      const char *zReplace;
      if( sqlite3IsIdChar(*pBest->t.z) ){
        nReplace = nNew;
        zReplace = zNew;
      }else{
        nReplace = nQuot;
        zReplace = zQuot;
      }

      iOff = pBest->t.z - zSql;
      if( pBest->t.n!=nReplace ){
        memmove(&zOut[iOff + nReplace], &zOut[iOff + pBest->t.n],
            nOut - (iOff + pBest->t.n)
        );
        nOut += nReplace - pBest->t.n;
        zOut[nOut] = '\0';
      }
      memcpy(&zOut[iOff], zReplace, nReplace);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pBest);
    }

    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zOut);
  }else{
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }

  sqlite3_free(zQuot);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Resolve all symbols in the trigger at pParse->pNewTrigger, assuming
** it was read from the schema of database zDb. Return SQLITE_OK if
** successful. Otherwise, return an SQLite error code and leave an error
** message in the Parse object.
*/
static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Trigger *pNew = pParse->pNewTrigger;
  TriggerStep *pStep;
  NameContext sNC;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  assert( pNew->pTabSchema );
  pParse->pTriggerTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, pNew->table,
      db->aDb[sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pNew->pTabSchema)].zDbSName
  );
  pParse->eTriggerOp = pNew->op;
  /* ALWAYS() because if the table of the trigger does not exist, the
  ** error would have been hit before this point */
  if( ALWAYS(pParse->pTriggerTab) ){
    rc = sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pParse->pTriggerTab);
  }

  /* Resolve symbols in WHEN clause */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pNew->pWhen ){
    rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pNew->pWhen);
  }

  for(pStep=pNew->step_list; rc==SQLITE_OK && pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
    if( pStep->pSelect ){
      sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pStep->pSelect, &sNC);
      if( pParse->nErr ) rc = pParse->rc;
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pStep->zTarget ){
      SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(pParse, pStep);
      if( pSrc ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
          SrcItem *p = &pSrc->a[i];
          p->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
          if( p->pSelect ){
            sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p->pSelect, 0);
            sqlite3ExpandSubquery(pParse, p);
            assert( i>0 );
            assert( pStep->pFrom->a[i-1].pSelect );
            sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pStep->pFrom->a[i-1].pSelect, 0);
          }else{
            p->pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, p);
            if( p->pTab==0 ){
              rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
            }else{
              p->pTab->nTabRef++;
              rc = sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, p->pTab);
            }
          }
        }
        sNC.pSrcList = pSrc;
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pStep->pWhere ){
          rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pStep->pWhere);
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          rc = sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pStep->pExprList);
        }
        assert( !pStep->pUpsert || (!pStep->pWhere && !pStep->pExprList) );
        if( pStep->pUpsert && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          Upsert *pUpsert = pStep->pUpsert;
          pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pSrc;
          sNC.uNC.pUpsert = pUpsert;
          sNC.ncFlags = NC_UUpsert;
          rc = sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            ExprList *pUpsertSet = pUpsert->pUpsertSet;
            rc = sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pUpsertSet);
          }
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pUpsert->pUpsertWhere);
          }
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pUpsert->pUpsertTargetWhere);
          }
          sNC.ncFlags = 0;
        }
        sNC.pSrcList = 0;
        sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
      }else{
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Invoke sqlite3WalkExpr() or sqlite3WalkSelect() on all Select or Expr
** objects that are part of the trigger passed as the second argument.
*/
static void renameWalkTrigger(Walker *pWalker, Trigger *pTrigger){
  TriggerStep *pStep;

  /* Find tokens to edit in WHEN clause */
  sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pTrigger->pWhen);

  /* Find tokens to edit in trigger steps */
  for(pStep=pTrigger->step_list; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
    sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pStep->pSelect);
    sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pStep->pWhere);
    sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pStep->pExprList);
    if( pStep->pUpsert ){
      Upsert *pUpsert = pStep->pUpsert;
      sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget);
      sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertSet);
      sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertWhere);
      sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertTargetWhere);
    }
    if( pStep->pFrom ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<pStep->pFrom->nSrc; i++){
        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pStep->pFrom->a[i].pSelect);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Free the contents of Parse object (*pParse). Do not free the memory
** occupied by the Parse object itself.
*/
static void renameParseCleanup(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Index *pIdx;
  if( pParse->pVdbe ){
    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
  }
  sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
  while( (pIdx = pParse->pNewIndex)!=0 ){
    pParse->pNewIndex = pIdx->pNext;
    sqlite3FreeIndex(db, pIdx);
  }
  sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pParse->pNewTrigger);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
  renameTokenFree(db, pParse->pRename);
  sqlite3ParserReset(pParse);
}

/*
** SQL function:
**
**     sqlite_rename_column(zSql, iCol, bQuote, zNew, zTable, zOld)
**
**   0. zSql:     SQL statement to rewrite
**   1. type:     Type of object ("table", "view" etc.)
**   2. object:   Name of object
**   3. Database: Database name (e.g. "main")
**   4. Table:    Table name
**   5. iCol:     Index of column to rename
**   6. zNew:     New column name
**   7. bQuote:   Non-zero if the new column name should be quoted.
**   8. bTemp:    True if zSql comes from temp schema
**
** Do a column rename operation on the CREATE statement given in zSql.
** The iCol-th column (left-most is 0) of table zTable is renamed from zCol
** into zNew.  The name should be quoted if bQuote is true.
**
** This function is used internally by the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN command.
** It is only accessible to SQL created using sqlite3NestedParse().  It is
** not reachable from ordinary SQL passed into sqlite3_prepare().
*/
static void renameColumnFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  RenameCtx sCtx;
  const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[3]);
  const char *zTable = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[4]);
  int iCol = sqlite3_value_int(argv[5]);
  const char *zNew = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[6]);
  int bQuote = sqlite3_value_int(argv[7]);
  int bTemp = sqlite3_value_int(argv[8]);
  const char *zOld;
  int rc;
  Parse sParse;
  Walker sWalker;
  Index *pIdx;
  int i;
  Table *pTab;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
#endif

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  if( zSql==0 ) return;
  if( zTable==0 ) return;
  if( zNew==0 ) return;
  if( iCol<0 ) return;
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTable, zDb);
  if( pTab==0 || iCol>=pTab->nCol ){
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    return;
  }
  zOld = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
  memset(&sCtx, 0, sizeof(sCtx));
  sCtx.iCol = ((iCol==pTab->iPKey) ? -1 : iCol);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = 0;
#endif
  rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zSql, bTemp, 0);

  /* Find tokens that need to be replaced. */
  memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
  sWalker.pParse = &sParse;
  sWalker.xExprCallback = renameColumnExprCb;
  sWalker.xSelectCallback = renameColumnSelectCb;
  sWalker.u.pRename = &sCtx;

  sCtx.pTab = pTab;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto renameColumnFunc_done;
  if( sParse.pNewTable ){
    Select *pSelect = sParse.pNewTable->pSelect;
    if( pSelect ){
      pSelect->selFlags &= ~SF_View;
      sParse.rc = SQLITE_OK;
      sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, pSelect, 0);
      rc = (db->mallocFailed ? SQLITE_NOMEM : sParse.rc);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3WalkSelect(&sWalker, pSelect);
      }
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto renameColumnFunc_done;
    }else{
      /* A regular table */
      int bFKOnly = sqlite3_stricmp(zTable, sParse.pNewTable->zName);
      FKey *pFKey;
      assert( sParse.pNewTable->pSelect==0 );
      sCtx.pTab = sParse.pNewTable;
      if( bFKOnly==0 ){
        renameTokenFind(
            &sParse, &sCtx, (void*)sParse.pNewTable->aCol[iCol].zName
        );
        if( sCtx.iCol<0 ){
          renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)&sParse.pNewTable->iPKey);
        }
        sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, sParse.pNewTable->pCheck);
        for(pIdx=sParse.pNewTable->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
          sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pIdx->aColExpr);
        }
        for(pIdx=sParse.pNewIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
          sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pIdx->aColExpr);
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
        for(i=0; i<sParse.pNewTable->nCol; i++){
          sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, sParse.pNewTable->aCol[i].pDflt);
        }
#endif
      }

      for(pFKey=sParse.pNewTable->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
        for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
          if( bFKOnly==0 && pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom==iCol ){
            renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)&pFKey->aCol[i]);
          }
          if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->zTo, zTable)
           && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->aCol[i].zCol, zOld)
          ){
            renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)pFKey->aCol[i].zCol);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }else if( sParse.pNewIndex ){
    sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, sParse.pNewIndex->aColExpr);
    sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, sParse.pNewIndex->pPartIdxWhere);
  }else{
    /* A trigger */
    TriggerStep *pStep;
    rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto renameColumnFunc_done;

    for(pStep=sParse.pNewTrigger->step_list; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
      if( pStep->zTarget ){
        Table *pTarget = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, pStep->zTarget, zDb);
        if( pTarget==pTab ){
          if( pStep->pUpsert ){
            ExprList *pUpsertSet = pStep->pUpsert->pUpsertSet;
            renameColumnElistNames(&sParse, &sCtx, pUpsertSet, zOld);
          }
          renameColumnIdlistNames(&sParse, &sCtx, pStep->pIdList, zOld);
          renameColumnElistNames(&sParse, &sCtx, pStep->pExprList, zOld);
        }
      }
    }


    /* Find tokens to edit in UPDATE OF clause */
    if( sParse.pTriggerTab==pTab ){
      renameColumnIdlistNames(&sParse, &sCtx,sParse.pNewTrigger->pColumns,zOld);
    }

    /* Find tokens to edit in various expressions and selects */
    renameWalkTrigger(&sWalker, sParse.pNewTrigger);
  }

  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zSql, zNew, bQuote);

renameColumnFunc_done:
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
    }
  }

  renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  renameTokenFree(db, sCtx.pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
}

/*
** Walker expression callback used by "RENAME TABLE".
*/
static int renameTableExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Walker select callback used by "RENAME TABLE".
*/
static int renameTableSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
  int i;
  RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
  SrcList *pSrc = pSelect->pSrc;
  if( pSelect->selFlags & SF_View ) return WRC_Prune;
  if( pSrc==0 ){
    assert( pWalker->pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return WRC_Abort;
  }
  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
    SrcItem *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
    if( pItem->pTab==p->pTab ){
      renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, pItem->zName);
    }
  }
  renameWalkWith(pWalker, pSelect);

  return WRC_Continue;
}


/*
** This C function implements an SQL user function that is used by SQL code
** generated by the ALTER TABLE ... RENAME command to modify the definition
** of any foreign key constraints that use the table being renamed as the
** parent table. It is passed three arguments:
**
**   0: The database containing the table being renamed.
**   1. type:     Type of object ("table", "view" etc.)
**   2. object:   Name of object
**   3: The complete text of the schema statement being modified,
**   4: The old name of the table being renamed, and
**   5: The new name of the table being renamed.
**   6: True if the schema statement comes from the temp db.
**
** It returns the new schema statement. For example:
**
** sqlite_rename_table('main', 'CREATE TABLE t1(a REFERENCES t2)','t2','t3',0)
**       -> 'CREATE TABLE t1(a REFERENCES t3)'
*/
static void renameTableFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  const char *zInput = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[3]);
  const char *zOld = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[4]);
  const char *zNew = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[5]);
  int bTemp = sqlite3_value_int(argv[6]);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);

  if( zInput && zOld && zNew ){
    Parse sParse;
    int rc;
    int bQuote = 1;
    RenameCtx sCtx;
    Walker sWalker;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
    db->xAuth = 0;
#endif

    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);

    memset(&sCtx, 0, sizeof(RenameCtx));
    sCtx.pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zOld, zDb);
    memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
    sWalker.pParse = &sParse;
    sWalker.xExprCallback = renameTableExprCb;
    sWalker.xSelectCallback = renameTableSelectCb;
    sWalker.u.pRename = &sCtx;

    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zInput, bTemp, 0);

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      int isLegacy = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyAlter);
      if( sParse.pNewTable ){
        Table *pTab = sParse.pNewTable;

        if( pTab->pSelect ){
          if( isLegacy==0 ){
            Select *pSelect = pTab->pSelect;
            NameContext sNC;
            memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
            sNC.pParse = &sParse;

            assert( pSelect->selFlags & SF_View );
            pSelect->selFlags &= ~SF_View;
            sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, pTab->pSelect, &sNC);
            if( sParse.nErr ){
              rc = sParse.rc;
            }else{
              sqlite3WalkSelect(&sWalker, pTab->pSelect);
            }
          }
        }else{
          /* Modify any FK definitions to point to the new table. */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
          if( isLegacy==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys) ){
            FKey *pFKey;
            for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
              if( sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->zTo, zOld)==0 ){
                renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)pFKey->zTo);
              }
            }
          }
#endif

          /* If this is the table being altered, fix any table refs in CHECK
          ** expressions. Also update the name that appears right after the
          ** "CREATE [VIRTUAL] TABLE" bit. */
          if( sqlite3_stricmp(zOld, pTab->zName)==0 ){
            sCtx.pTab = pTab;
            if( isLegacy==0 ){
              sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pTab->pCheck);
            }
            renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, pTab->zName);
          }
        }
      }

      else if( sParse.pNewIndex ){
        renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, sParse.pNewIndex->zName);
        if( isLegacy==0 ){
          sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, sParse.pNewIndex->pPartIdxWhere);
        }
      }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
      else{
        Trigger *pTrigger = sParse.pNewTrigger;
        TriggerStep *pStep;
        if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(sParse.pNewTrigger->table, zOld)
            && sCtx.pTab->pSchema==pTrigger->pTabSchema
          ){
          renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, sParse.pNewTrigger->table);
        }

        if( isLegacy==0 ){
          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            renameWalkTrigger(&sWalker, pTrigger);
            for(pStep=pTrigger->step_list; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
              if( pStep->zTarget && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pStep->zTarget, zOld) ){
                renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, pStep->zTarget);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
#endif
    }

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zInput, zNew, bQuote);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
        renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
      }
    }

    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
    renameTokenFree(db, sCtx.pList);
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
  }

  return;
}

/*
** An SQL user function that checks that there are no parse or symbol
** resolution problems in a CREATE TRIGGER|TABLE|VIEW|INDEX statement.
** After an ALTER TABLE .. RENAME operation is performed and the schema
** reloaded, this function is called on each SQL statement in the schema
** to ensure that it is still usable.
**
**   0: Database name ("main", "temp" etc.).
**   1: SQL statement.
**   2: Object type ("view", "table", "trigger" or "index").
**   3: Object name.
**   4: True if object is from temp schema.
**   5: "when" part of error message.
**   6: Name of column being dropped, or NULL.
**
** Unless it finds an error, this function normally returns NULL. However, it
** returns integer value 1 if:
**
**   * the SQL argument creates a trigger, and
**   * the table that the trigger is attached to is in database zDb.
*/
static void renameTableTest(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  char const *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  char const *zInput = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  int bTemp = sqlite3_value_int(argv[4]);
  int isLegacy = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyAlter);
  char const *zWhen = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[5]);
  char const *zDropColumn = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[6]);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
  db->xAuth = 0;
#endif

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  if( zDb && zInput ){
    int rc;
    Parse sParse;
    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zInput, bTemp, zDropColumn);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( isLegacy==0 && sParse.pNewTable && sParse.pNewTable->pSelect ){
        NameContext sNC;
        memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
        sNC.pParse = &sParse;
        sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, sParse.pNewTable->pSelect, &sNC);
        if( sParse.nErr ) rc = sParse.rc;
      }

      else if( sParse.pNewTrigger ){
        if( isLegacy==0 ){
          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          int i1 = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, sParse.pNewTrigger->pTabSchema);
          int i2 = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
          if( i1==i2 ) sqlite3_result_int(context, 1);
        }
      }
    }

    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && zWhen ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, zWhen, argv[2], argv[3],&sParse);
    }
    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
}

/*
** The implementation of internal UDF sqlite_drop_column().
**
** Arguments:
**
**  argv[0]: An integer - the index of the schema containing the table
**  argv[1]: CREATE TABLE statement to modify.
**  argv[2]: An integer - the index of the column to remove.
**
** The value returned is a string containing the CREATE TABLE statement
** with column argv[2] removed.
*/
static void dropColumnFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  int iSchema = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
  const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  int iCol = sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
  const char *zDb = db->aDb[iSchema].zDbSName;
  int rc;
  Parse sParse;
  RenameToken *pCol;
  Table *pTab;
  const char *zEnd;
  char *zNew = 0;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
  db->xAuth = 0;
#endif

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zSql, iSchema==1, 0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto drop_column_done;
  pTab = sParse.pNewTable;
  if( pTab==0 || pTab->nCol==1 || iCol>=pTab->nCol ){
    /* This can happen if the sqlite_schema table is corrupt */
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    goto drop_column_done;
  }

  pCol = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol].zName);
  if( iCol<pTab->nCol-1 ){
    RenameToken *pEnd;
    pEnd = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol+1].zName);
    zEnd = (const char*)pEnd->t.z;
  }else{
    zEnd = (const char*)&zSql[pTab->addColOffset];
    while( ALWAYS(pCol->t.z[0]!=0) && pCol->t.z[0]!=',' ) pCol->t.z--;
  }

  zNew = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.*s%s", pCol->t.z-zSql, zSql, zEnd);
  sqlite3_result_text(context, zNew, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  sqlite3_free(zNew);

drop_column_done:
  renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
  }
}

/*
** This function is called by the parser upon parsing an
**
**     ALTER TABLE pSrc DROP COLUMN pName
**
** statement. Argument pSrc contains the possibly qualified name of the
** table being edited, and token pName the name of the column to drop.
*/
void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc, Token *pName){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Table to modify */
  int iDb;                        /* Index of db containing pTab in aDb[] */
  const char *zDb;                /* Database containing pTab ("main" etc.) */
  char *zCol = 0;                 /* Name of column to drop */
  int iCol;                       /* Index of column zCol in pTab->aCol[] */

  /* Look up the table being altered. */
  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
  if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_drop_column;
  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_drop_column;

  /* Make sure this is not an attempt to ALTER a view, virtual table or
  ** system table. */
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_drop_column;
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab, 1) ) goto exit_drop_column;

  /* Find the index of the column being dropped. */
  zCol = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
  if( zCol==0 ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }
  iCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pTab, zCol);
  if( iCol<0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: \"%s\"", zCol);
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Do not allow the user to drop a PRIMARY KEY column or a column
  ** constrained by a UNIQUE constraint.  */
  if( pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & (COLFLAG_PRIMKEY|COLFLAG_UNIQUE) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot drop %s column: \"%s\"",
        (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags&COLFLAG_PRIMKEY) ? "PRIMARY KEY" : "UNIQUE",
        zCol
    );
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Do not allow the number of columns to go to zero */
  if( pTab->nCol<=1 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot drop column \"%s\": no other columns exist",zCol);
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Edit the sqlite_schema table */
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  assert( iDb>=0 );
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "", 0);
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_drop_column(%d, sql, %d) "
      "WHERE (type=='table' AND tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase)"
      , zDb, iDb, iCol, pTab->zName
  );

  /* Drop and reload the database schema. */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterDrop);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "after drop column", zCol);

  /* Edit rows of table on disk */
  if( pParse->nErr==0 && (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
    int i;
    int addr;
    int reg;
    int regRec;
    Index *pPk = 0;
    int nField = 0;               /* Number of non-virtual columns after drop */
    int iCur;
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    iCur = pParse->nTab++;
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenWrite);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
    reg = ++pParse->nMem;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, reg);
    }else{
      pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
    }
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( i!=iCol && (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
        int regOut;
        if( pPk ){
          int iPos = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pPk, i);
          int iColPos = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pPk, iCol);
          regOut = reg+1+iPos-(iPos>iColPos);
        }else{
          regOut = reg+1+nField;
        }
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, i, regOut);
        nField++;
      }
    }
    regRec = reg + pTab->nCol;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, reg+1, nField, regRec);
    if( pPk ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iCur, regRec, reg+1, pPk->nKeyCol);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iCur, regRec, reg);
    }

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iCur, addr+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
  }

exit_drop_column:
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
}

/*
** Register built-in functions used to help implement ALTER TABLE
*/
void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
  static FuncDef aAlterTableFuncs[] = {
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_column,  9, renameColumnFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_table,   7, renameTableFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_test,    7, renameTableTest),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_drop_column,    3, dropColumnFunc),
  };
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aAlterTableFuncs, ArraySize(aAlterTableFuncs));
}
#endif  /* SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE */