lib/IR/BuiltinTypes.cpp

//===- BuiltinTypes.cpp - MLIR Builtin Type Classes -----------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
#include "TypeDetail.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AffineExpr.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AffineMap.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinDialect.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Dialect.h"
#include "mlir/IR/TensorEncoding.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APFloat.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/BitVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Sequence.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/TypeSwitch.h"

using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::detail;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Tablegen Type Definitions
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#define GET_TYPEDEF_CLASSES
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.cpp.inc"

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Tablegen Interface Definitions
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.cpp.inc"

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// BuiltinDialect
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void BuiltinDialect::registerTypes() {
  addTypes<
#define GET_TYPEDEF_LIST
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.cpp.inc"
      >();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// ComplexType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Verify the construction of an integer type.
LogicalResult ComplexType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                                  Type elementType) {
  if (!elementType.isIntOrFloat())
    return emitError() << "invalid element type for complex";
  return success();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Integer Type
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// static constexpr must have a definition (until in C++17 and inline variable).
constexpr unsigned IntegerType::kMaxWidth;

/// Verify the construction of an integer type.
LogicalResult IntegerType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                                  unsigned width,
                                  SignednessSemantics signedness) {
  if (width > IntegerType::kMaxWidth) {
    return emitError() << "integer bitwidth is limited to "
                       << IntegerType::kMaxWidth << " bits";
  }
  return success();
}

unsigned IntegerType::getWidth() const { return getImpl()->width; }

IntegerType::SignednessSemantics IntegerType::getSignedness() const {
  return getImpl()->signedness;
}

IntegerType IntegerType::scaleElementBitwidth(unsigned scale) {
  if (!scale)
    return IntegerType();
  return IntegerType::get(getContext(), scale * getWidth(), getSignedness());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Float Type
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

unsigned FloatType::getWidth() {
  if (isa<Float16Type, BFloat16Type>())
    return 16;
  if (isa<Float32Type>())
    return 32;
  if (isa<Float64Type>())
    return 64;
  if (isa<Float80Type>())
    return 80;
  if (isa<Float128Type>())
    return 128;
  llvm_unreachable("unexpected float type");
}

/// Returns the floating semantics for the given type.
const llvm::fltSemantics &FloatType::getFloatSemantics() {
  if (isa<BFloat16Type>())
    return APFloat::BFloat();
  if (isa<Float16Type>())
    return APFloat::IEEEhalf();
  if (isa<Float32Type>())
    return APFloat::IEEEsingle();
  if (isa<Float64Type>())
    return APFloat::IEEEdouble();
  if (isa<Float80Type>())
    return APFloat::x87DoubleExtended();
  if (isa<Float128Type>())
    return APFloat::IEEEquad();
  llvm_unreachable("non-floating point type used");
}

FloatType FloatType::scaleElementBitwidth(unsigned scale) {
  if (!scale)
    return FloatType();
  MLIRContext *ctx = getContext();
  if (isF16() || isBF16()) {
    if (scale == 2)
      return FloatType::getF32(ctx);
    if (scale == 4)
      return FloatType::getF64(ctx);
  }
  if (isF32())
    if (scale == 2)
      return FloatType::getF64(ctx);
  return FloatType();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// FunctionType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

unsigned FunctionType::getNumInputs() const { return getImpl()->numInputs; }

ArrayRef<Type> FunctionType::getInputs() const {
  return getImpl()->getInputs();
}

unsigned FunctionType::getNumResults() const { return getImpl()->numResults; }

ArrayRef<Type> FunctionType::getResults() const {
  return getImpl()->getResults();
}

/// Helper to call a callback once on each index in the range
/// [0, `totalIndices`), *except* for the indices given in `indices`.
/// `indices` is allowed to have duplicates and can be in any order.
inline void iterateIndicesExcept(unsigned totalIndices,
                                 ArrayRef<unsigned> indices,
                                 function_ref<void(unsigned)> callback) {
  llvm::BitVector skipIndices(totalIndices);
  for (unsigned i : indices)
    skipIndices.set(i);

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < totalIndices; ++i)
    if (!skipIndices.test(i))
      callback(i);
}

/// Returns a new function type with the specified arguments and results
/// inserted.
FunctionType FunctionType::getWithArgsAndResults(
    ArrayRef<unsigned> argIndices, TypeRange argTypes,
    ArrayRef<unsigned> resultIndices, TypeRange resultTypes) {
  assert(argIndices.size() == argTypes.size());
  assert(resultIndices.size() == resultTypes.size());

  ArrayRef<Type> newInputTypes = getInputs();
  SmallVector<Type, 4> newInputTypesBuffer;
  if (!argIndices.empty()) {
    const auto *fromIt = newInputTypes.begin();
    for (auto it : llvm::zip(argIndices, argTypes)) {
      const auto *toIt = newInputTypes.begin() + std::get<0>(it);
      newInputTypesBuffer.append(fromIt, toIt);
      newInputTypesBuffer.push_back(std::get<1>(it));
      fromIt = toIt;
    }
    newInputTypesBuffer.append(fromIt, newInputTypes.end());
    newInputTypes = newInputTypesBuffer;
  }

  ArrayRef<Type> newResultTypes = getResults();
  SmallVector<Type, 4> newResultTypesBuffer;
  if (!resultIndices.empty()) {
    const auto *fromIt = newResultTypes.begin();
    for (auto it : llvm::zip(resultIndices, resultTypes)) {
      const auto *toIt = newResultTypes.begin() + std::get<0>(it);
      newResultTypesBuffer.append(fromIt, toIt);
      newResultTypesBuffer.push_back(std::get<1>(it));
      fromIt = toIt;
    }
    newResultTypesBuffer.append(fromIt, newResultTypes.end());
    newResultTypes = newResultTypesBuffer;
  }

  return FunctionType::get(getContext(), newInputTypes, newResultTypes);
}

/// Returns a new function type without the specified arguments and results.
FunctionType
FunctionType::getWithoutArgsAndResults(ArrayRef<unsigned> argIndices,
                                       ArrayRef<unsigned> resultIndices) {
  ArrayRef<Type> newInputTypes = getInputs();
  SmallVector<Type, 4> newInputTypesBuffer;
  if (!argIndices.empty()) {
    unsigned originalNumArgs = getNumInputs();
    iterateIndicesExcept(originalNumArgs, argIndices, [&](unsigned i) {
      newInputTypesBuffer.emplace_back(getInput(i));
    });
    newInputTypes = newInputTypesBuffer;
  }

  ArrayRef<Type> newResultTypes = getResults();
  SmallVector<Type, 4> newResultTypesBuffer;
  if (!resultIndices.empty()) {
    unsigned originalNumResults = getNumResults();
    iterateIndicesExcept(originalNumResults, resultIndices, [&](unsigned i) {
      newResultTypesBuffer.emplace_back(getResult(i));
    });
    newResultTypes = newResultTypesBuffer;
  }

  return get(getContext(), newInputTypes, newResultTypes);
}

void FunctionType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  for (Type type : llvm::concat<const Type>(getInputs(), getResults()))
    walkTypesFn(type);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// OpaqueType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Verify the construction of an opaque type.
LogicalResult OpaqueType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                                 Identifier dialect, StringRef typeData) {
  if (!Dialect::isValidNamespace(dialect.strref()))
    return emitError() << "invalid dialect namespace '" << dialect << "'";

  // Check that the dialect is actually registered.
  MLIRContext *context = dialect.getContext();
  if (!context->allowsUnregisteredDialects() &&
      !context->getLoadedDialect(dialect.strref())) {
    return emitError()
           << "`!" << dialect << "<\"" << typeData << "\">"
           << "` type created with unregistered dialect. If this is "
              "intended, please call allowUnregisteredDialects() on the "
              "MLIRContext, or use -allow-unregistered-dialect with "
              "the MLIR opt tool used";
  }

  return success();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// ShapedType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
constexpr int64_t ShapedType::kDynamicSize;
constexpr int64_t ShapedType::kDynamicStrideOrOffset;

ShapedType ShapedType::clone(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, Type elementType) {
  if (auto other = dyn_cast<MemRefType>()) {
    MemRefType::Builder b(other);
    b.setShape(shape);
    b.setElementType(elementType);
    return b;
  }

  if (auto other = dyn_cast<UnrankedMemRefType>()) {
    MemRefType::Builder b(shape, elementType);
    b.setMemorySpace(other.getMemorySpace());
    return b;
  }

  if (isa<TensorType>())
    return RankedTensorType::get(shape, elementType);

  if (isa<VectorType>())
    return VectorType::get(shape, elementType);

  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled ShapedType clone case");
}

ShapedType ShapedType::clone(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
  if (auto other = dyn_cast<MemRefType>()) {
    MemRefType::Builder b(other);
    b.setShape(shape);
    return b;
  }

  if (auto other = dyn_cast<UnrankedMemRefType>()) {
    MemRefType::Builder b(shape, other.getElementType());
    b.setShape(shape);
    b.setMemorySpace(other.getMemorySpace());
    return b;
  }

  if (isa<TensorType>())
    return RankedTensorType::get(shape, getElementType());

  if (isa<VectorType>())
    return VectorType::get(shape, getElementType());

  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled ShapedType clone case");
}

ShapedType ShapedType::clone(Type elementType) {
  if (auto other = dyn_cast<MemRefType>()) {
    MemRefType::Builder b(other);
    b.setElementType(elementType);
    return b;
  }

  if (auto other = dyn_cast<UnrankedMemRefType>()) {
    return UnrankedMemRefType::get(elementType, other.getMemorySpace());
  }

  if (isa<TensorType>()) {
    if (hasRank())
      return RankedTensorType::get(getShape(), elementType);
    return UnrankedTensorType::get(elementType);
  }

  if (isa<VectorType>())
    return VectorType::get(getShape(), elementType);

  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled ShapedType clone hit");
}

Type ShapedType::getElementType() const {
  return TypeSwitch<Type, Type>(*this)
      .Case<VectorType, RankedTensorType, UnrankedTensorType, MemRefType,
            UnrankedMemRefType>([](auto ty) { return ty.getElementType(); });
}

unsigned ShapedType::getElementTypeBitWidth() const {
  return getElementType().getIntOrFloatBitWidth();
}

int64_t ShapedType::getNumElements() const {
  assert(hasStaticShape() && "cannot get element count of dynamic shaped type");
  auto shape = getShape();
  int64_t num = 1;
  for (auto dim : shape) {
    num *= dim;
    assert(num >= 0 && "integer overflow in element count computation");
  }
  return num;
}

int64_t ShapedType::getRank() const {
  assert(hasRank() && "cannot query rank of unranked shaped type");
  return getShape().size();
}

bool ShapedType::hasRank() const {
  return !isa<UnrankedMemRefType, UnrankedTensorType>();
}

int64_t ShapedType::getDimSize(unsigned idx) const {
  assert(idx < getRank() && "invalid index for shaped type");
  return getShape()[idx];
}

bool ShapedType::isDynamicDim(unsigned idx) const {
  assert(idx < getRank() && "invalid index for shaped type");
  return isDynamic(getShape()[idx]);
}

unsigned ShapedType::getDynamicDimIndex(unsigned index) const {
  assert(index < getRank() && "invalid index");
  assert(ShapedType::isDynamic(getDimSize(index)) && "invalid index");
  return llvm::count_if(getShape().take_front(index), ShapedType::isDynamic);
}

/// Get the number of bits require to store a value of the given shaped type.
/// Compute the value recursively since tensors are allowed to have vectors as
/// elements.
int64_t ShapedType::getSizeInBits() const {
  assert(hasStaticShape() &&
         "cannot get the bit size of an aggregate with a dynamic shape");

  auto elementType = getElementType();
  if (elementType.isIntOrFloat())
    return elementType.getIntOrFloatBitWidth() * getNumElements();

  if (auto complexType = elementType.dyn_cast<ComplexType>()) {
    elementType = complexType.getElementType();
    return elementType.getIntOrFloatBitWidth() * getNumElements() * 2;
  }

  // Tensors can have vectors and other tensors as elements, other shaped types
  // cannot.
  assert(isa<TensorType>() && "unsupported element type");
  assert((elementType.isa<VectorType, TensorType>()) &&
         "unsupported tensor element type");
  return getNumElements() * elementType.cast<ShapedType>().getSizeInBits();
}

ArrayRef<int64_t> ShapedType::getShape() const {
  if (auto vectorType = dyn_cast<VectorType>())
    return vectorType.getShape();
  if (auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>())
    return tensorType.getShape();
  return cast<MemRefType>().getShape();
}

int64_t ShapedType::getNumDynamicDims() const {
  return llvm::count_if(getShape(), isDynamic);
}

bool ShapedType::hasStaticShape() const {
  return hasRank() && llvm::none_of(getShape(), isDynamic);
}

bool ShapedType::hasStaticShape(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) const {
  return hasStaticShape() && getShape() == shape;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// VectorType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

LogicalResult VectorType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                                 ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, Type elementType) {
  if (shape.empty())
    return emitError() << "vector types must have at least one dimension";

  if (!isValidElementType(elementType))
    return emitError() << "vector elements must be int/index/float type";

  if (any_of(shape, [](int64_t i) { return i <= 0; }))
    return emitError() << "vector types must have positive constant sizes";

  return success();
}

VectorType VectorType::scaleElementBitwidth(unsigned scale) {
  if (!scale)
    return VectorType();
  if (auto et = getElementType().dyn_cast<IntegerType>())
    if (auto scaledEt = et.scaleElementBitwidth(scale))
      return VectorType::get(getShape(), scaledEt);
  if (auto et = getElementType().dyn_cast<FloatType>())
    if (auto scaledEt = et.scaleElementBitwidth(scale))
      return VectorType::get(getShape(), scaledEt);
  return VectorType();
}

void VectorType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  walkTypesFn(getElementType());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// TensorType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// Check if "elementType" can be an element type of a tensor.
static LogicalResult
checkTensorElementType(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                       Type elementType) {
  if (!TensorType::isValidElementType(elementType))
    return emitError() << "invalid tensor element type: " << elementType;
  return success();
}

/// Return true if the specified element type is ok in a tensor.
bool TensorType::isValidElementType(Type type) {
  // Note: Non standard/builtin types are allowed to exist within tensor
  // types. Dialects are expected to verify that tensor types have a valid
  // element type within that dialect.
  return type.isa<ComplexType, FloatType, IntegerType, OpaqueType, VectorType,
                  IndexType>() ||
         !llvm::isa<BuiltinDialect>(type.getDialect());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// RankedTensorType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

LogicalResult
RankedTensorType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                         ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, Type elementType,
                         Attribute encoding) {
  for (int64_t s : shape)
    if (s < -1)
      return emitError() << "invalid tensor dimension size";
  if (auto v = encoding.dyn_cast_or_null<VerifiableTensorEncoding>())
    if (failed(v.verifyEncoding(shape, elementType, emitError)))
      return failure();
  return checkTensorElementType(emitError, elementType);
}

void RankedTensorType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  walkTypesFn(getElementType());
  if (Attribute encoding = getEncoding())
    walkAttrsFn(encoding);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// UnrankedTensorType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

LogicalResult
UnrankedTensorType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                           Type elementType) {
  return checkTensorElementType(emitError, elementType);
}

void UnrankedTensorType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  walkTypesFn(getElementType());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// BaseMemRefType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

Attribute BaseMemRefType::getMemorySpace() const {
  if (auto rankedMemRefTy = dyn_cast<MemRefType>())
    return rankedMemRefTy.getMemorySpace();
  return cast<UnrankedMemRefType>().getMemorySpace();
}

unsigned BaseMemRefType::getMemorySpaceAsInt() const {
  if (auto rankedMemRefTy = dyn_cast<MemRefType>())
    return rankedMemRefTy.getMemorySpaceAsInt();
  return cast<UnrankedMemRefType>().getMemorySpaceAsInt();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// MemRefType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Given an `originalShape` and a `reducedShape` assumed to be a subset of
/// `originalShape` with some `1` entries erased, return the set of indices
/// that specifies which of the entries of `originalShape` are dropped to obtain
/// `reducedShape`. The returned mask can be applied as a projection to
/// `originalShape` to obtain the `reducedShape`. This mask is useful to track
/// which dimensions must be kept when e.g. compute MemRef strides under
/// rank-reducing operations. Return None if reducedShape cannot be obtained
/// by dropping only `1` entries in `originalShape`.
llvm::Optional<llvm::SmallDenseSet<unsigned>>
mlir::computeRankReductionMask(ArrayRef<int64_t> originalShape,
                               ArrayRef<int64_t> reducedShape) {
  size_t originalRank = originalShape.size(), reducedRank = reducedShape.size();
  llvm::SmallDenseSet<unsigned> unusedDims;
  unsigned reducedIdx = 0;
  for (unsigned originalIdx = 0; originalIdx < originalRank; ++originalIdx) {
    // Greedily insert `originalIdx` if no match.
    if (reducedIdx < reducedRank &&
        originalShape[originalIdx] == reducedShape[reducedIdx]) {
      reducedIdx++;
      continue;
    }

    unusedDims.insert(originalIdx);
    // If no match on `originalIdx`, the `originalShape` at this dimension
    // must be 1, otherwise we bail.
    if (originalShape[originalIdx] != 1)
      return llvm::None;
  }
  // The whole reducedShape must be scanned, otherwise we bail.
  if (reducedIdx != reducedRank)
    return llvm::None;
  return unusedDims;
}

bool mlir::detail::isSupportedMemorySpace(Attribute memorySpace) {
  // Empty attribute is allowed as default memory space.
  if (!memorySpace)
    return true;

  // Supported built-in attributes.
  if (memorySpace.isa<IntegerAttr, StringAttr, DictionaryAttr>())
    return true;

  // Allow custom dialect attributes.
  if (!::mlir::isa<BuiltinDialect>(memorySpace.getDialect()))
    return true;

  return false;
}

Attribute mlir::detail::wrapIntegerMemorySpace(unsigned memorySpace,
                                               MLIRContext *ctx) {
  if (memorySpace == 0)
    return nullptr;

  return IntegerAttr::get(IntegerType::get(ctx, 64), memorySpace);
}

Attribute mlir::detail::skipDefaultMemorySpace(Attribute memorySpace) {
  IntegerAttr intMemorySpace = memorySpace.dyn_cast_or_null<IntegerAttr>();
  if (intMemorySpace && intMemorySpace.getValue() == 0)
    return nullptr;

  return memorySpace;
}

unsigned mlir::detail::getMemorySpaceAsInt(Attribute memorySpace) {
  if (!memorySpace)
    return 0;

  assert(memorySpace.isa<IntegerAttr>() &&
         "Using `getMemorySpaceInteger` with non-Integer attribute");

  return static_cast<unsigned>(memorySpace.cast<IntegerAttr>().getInt());
}

MemRefType::Builder &
MemRefType::Builder::setMemorySpace(unsigned newMemorySpace) {
  memorySpace =
      wrapIntegerMemorySpace(newMemorySpace, elementType.getContext());
  return *this;
}

unsigned MemRefType::getMemorySpaceAsInt() const {
  return detail::getMemorySpaceAsInt(getMemorySpace());
}

LogicalResult MemRefType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                                 ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, Type elementType,
                                 ArrayRef<AffineMap> affineMapComposition,
                                 Attribute memorySpace) {
  if (!BaseMemRefType::isValidElementType(elementType))
    return emitError() << "invalid memref element type";

  // Negative sizes are not allowed except for `-1` that means dynamic size.
  for (int64_t s : shape)
    if (s < -1)
      return emitError() << "invalid memref size";

  // Check that the structure of the composition is valid, i.e. that each
  // subsequent affine map has as many inputs as the previous map has results.
  // Take the dimensionality of the MemRef for the first map.
  size_t dim = shape.size();
  for (auto it : llvm::enumerate(affineMapComposition)) {
    AffineMap map = it.value();
    if (map.getNumDims() == dim) {
      dim = map.getNumResults();
      continue;
    }
    return emitError() << "memref affine map dimension mismatch between "
                       << (it.index() == 0 ? Twine("memref rank")
                                           : "affine map " + Twine(it.index()))
                       << " and affine map" << it.index() + 1 << ": " << dim
                       << " != " << map.getNumDims();
  }

  if (!isSupportedMemorySpace(memorySpace)) {
    return emitError() << "unsupported memory space Attribute";
  }

  return success();
}

void MemRefType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  walkTypesFn(getElementType());
  walkAttrsFn(getMemorySpace());
  for (AffineMap map : getAffineMaps())
    walkAttrsFn(AffineMapAttr::get(map));
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// UnrankedMemRefType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

unsigned UnrankedMemRefType::getMemorySpaceAsInt() const {
  return detail::getMemorySpaceAsInt(getMemorySpace());
}

LogicalResult
UnrankedMemRefType::verify(function_ref<InFlightDiagnostic()> emitError,
                           Type elementType, Attribute memorySpace) {
  if (!BaseMemRefType::isValidElementType(elementType))
    return emitError() << "invalid memref element type";

  if (!isSupportedMemorySpace(memorySpace))
    return emitError() << "unsupported memory space Attribute";

  return success();
}

// Fallback cases for terminal dim/sym/cst that are not part of a binary op (
// i.e. single term). Accumulate the AffineExpr into the existing one.
static void extractStridesFromTerm(AffineExpr e,
                                   AffineExpr multiplicativeFactor,
                                   MutableArrayRef<AffineExpr> strides,
                                   AffineExpr &offset) {
  if (auto dim = e.dyn_cast<AffineDimExpr>())
    strides[dim.getPosition()] =
        strides[dim.getPosition()] + multiplicativeFactor;
  else
    offset = offset + e * multiplicativeFactor;
}

/// Takes a single AffineExpr `e` and populates the `strides` array with the
/// strides expressions for each dim position.
/// The convention is that the strides for dimensions d0, .. dn appear in
/// order to make indexing intuitive into the result.
static LogicalResult extractStrides(AffineExpr e,
                                    AffineExpr multiplicativeFactor,
                                    MutableArrayRef<AffineExpr> strides,
                                    AffineExpr &offset) {
  auto bin = e.dyn_cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>();
  if (!bin) {
    extractStridesFromTerm(e, multiplicativeFactor, strides, offset);
    return success();
  }

  if (bin.getKind() == AffineExprKind::CeilDiv ||
      bin.getKind() == AffineExprKind::FloorDiv ||
      bin.getKind() == AffineExprKind::Mod)
    return failure();

  if (bin.getKind() == AffineExprKind::Mul) {
    auto dim = bin.getLHS().dyn_cast<AffineDimExpr>();
    if (dim) {
      strides[dim.getPosition()] =
          strides[dim.getPosition()] + bin.getRHS() * multiplicativeFactor;
      return success();
    }
    // LHS and RHS may both contain complex expressions of dims. Try one path
    // and if it fails try the other. This is guaranteed to succeed because
    // only one path may have a `dim`, otherwise this is not an AffineExpr in
    // the first place.
    if (bin.getLHS().isSymbolicOrConstant())
      return extractStrides(bin.getRHS(), multiplicativeFactor * bin.getLHS(),
                            strides, offset);
    return extractStrides(bin.getLHS(), multiplicativeFactor * bin.getRHS(),
                          strides, offset);
  }

  if (bin.getKind() == AffineExprKind::Add) {
    auto res1 =
        extractStrides(bin.getLHS(), multiplicativeFactor, strides, offset);
    auto res2 =
        extractStrides(bin.getRHS(), multiplicativeFactor, strides, offset);
    return success(succeeded(res1) && succeeded(res2));
  }

  llvm_unreachable("unexpected binary operation");
}

LogicalResult mlir::getStridesAndOffset(MemRefType t,
                                        SmallVectorImpl<AffineExpr> &strides,
                                        AffineExpr &offset) {
  auto affineMaps = t.getAffineMaps();

  if (!affineMaps.empty() && affineMaps.back().getNumResults() != 1)
    return failure();

  AffineMap m;
  if (!affineMaps.empty()) {
    m = affineMaps.back();
    for (size_t i = affineMaps.size() - 1; i > 0; --i)
      m = m.compose(affineMaps[i - 1]);
    assert(!m.isIdentity() && "unexpected identity map");
  }

  auto zero = getAffineConstantExpr(0, t.getContext());
  auto one = getAffineConstantExpr(1, t.getContext());
  offset = zero;
  strides.assign(t.getRank(), zero);

  // Canonical case for empty map.
  if (!m) {
    // 0-D corner case, offset is already 0.
    if (t.getRank() == 0)
      return success();
    auto stridedExpr =
        makeCanonicalStridedLayoutExpr(t.getShape(), t.getContext());
    if (succeeded(extractStrides(stridedExpr, one, strides, offset)))
      return success();
    assert(false && "unexpected failure: extract strides in canonical layout");
  }

  // Non-canonical case requires more work.
  auto stridedExpr =
      simplifyAffineExpr(m.getResult(0), m.getNumDims(), m.getNumSymbols());
  if (failed(extractStrides(stridedExpr, one, strides, offset))) {
    offset = AffineExpr();
    strides.clear();
    return failure();
  }

  // Simplify results to allow folding to constants and simple checks.
  unsigned numDims = m.getNumDims();
  unsigned numSymbols = m.getNumSymbols();
  offset = simplifyAffineExpr(offset, numDims, numSymbols);
  for (auto &stride : strides)
    stride = simplifyAffineExpr(stride, numDims, numSymbols);

  /// In practice, a strided memref must be internally non-aliasing. Test
  /// against 0 as a proxy.
  /// TODO: static cases can have more advanced checks.
  /// TODO: dynamic cases would require a way to compare symbolic
  /// expressions and would probably need an affine set context propagated
  /// everywhere.
  if (llvm::any_of(strides, [](AffineExpr e) {
        return e == getAffineConstantExpr(0, e.getContext());
      })) {
    offset = AffineExpr();
    strides.clear();
    return failure();
  }

  return success();
}

LogicalResult mlir::getStridesAndOffset(MemRefType t,
                                        SmallVectorImpl<int64_t> &strides,
                                        int64_t &offset) {
  AffineExpr offsetExpr;
  SmallVector<AffineExpr, 4> strideExprs;
  if (failed(::getStridesAndOffset(t, strideExprs, offsetExpr)))
    return failure();
  if (auto cst = offsetExpr.dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>())
    offset = cst.getValue();
  else
    offset = ShapedType::kDynamicStrideOrOffset;
  for (auto e : strideExprs) {
    if (auto c = e.dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>())
      strides.push_back(c.getValue());
    else
      strides.push_back(ShapedType::kDynamicStrideOrOffset);
  }
  return success();
}

void UnrankedMemRefType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  walkTypesFn(getElementType());
  walkAttrsFn(getMemorySpace());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// TupleType
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Return the elements types for this tuple.
ArrayRef<Type> TupleType::getTypes() const { return getImpl()->getTypes(); }

/// Accumulate the types contained in this tuple and tuples nested within it.
/// Note that this only flattens nested tuples, not any other container type,
/// e.g. a tuple<i32, tensor<i32>, tuple<f32, tuple<i64>>> is flattened to
/// (i32, tensor<i32>, f32, i64)
void TupleType::getFlattenedTypes(SmallVectorImpl<Type> &types) {
  for (Type type : getTypes()) {
    if (auto nestedTuple = type.dyn_cast<TupleType>())
      nestedTuple.getFlattenedTypes(types);
    else
      types.push_back(type);
  }
}

/// Return the number of element types.
size_t TupleType::size() const { return getImpl()->size(); }

void TupleType::walkImmediateSubElements(
    function_ref<void(Attribute)> walkAttrsFn,
    function_ref<void(Type)> walkTypesFn) const {
  for (Type type : getTypes())
    walkTypesFn(type);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Type Utilities
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

AffineMap mlir::makeStridedLinearLayoutMap(ArrayRef<int64_t> strides,
                                           int64_t offset,
                                           MLIRContext *context) {
  AffineExpr expr;
  unsigned nSymbols = 0;

  // AffineExpr for offset.
  // Static case.
  if (offset != MemRefType::getDynamicStrideOrOffset()) {
    auto cst = getAffineConstantExpr(offset, context);
    expr = cst;
  } else {
    // Dynamic case, new symbol for the offset.
    auto sym = getAffineSymbolExpr(nSymbols++, context);
    expr = sym;
  }

  // AffineExpr for strides.
  for (auto en : llvm::enumerate(strides)) {
    auto dim = en.index();
    auto stride = en.value();
    assert(stride != 0 && "Invalid stride specification");
    auto d = getAffineDimExpr(dim, context);
    AffineExpr mult;
    // Static case.
    if (stride != MemRefType::getDynamicStrideOrOffset())
      mult = getAffineConstantExpr(stride, context);
    else
      // Dynamic case, new symbol for each new stride.
      mult = getAffineSymbolExpr(nSymbols++, context);
    expr = expr + d * mult;
  }

  return AffineMap::get(strides.size(), nSymbols, expr);
}

/// Return a version of `t` with identity layout if it can be determined
/// statically that the layout is the canonical contiguous strided layout.
/// Otherwise pass `t`'s layout into `simplifyAffineMap` and return a copy of
/// `t` with simplified layout.
/// If `t` has multiple layout maps or a multi-result layout, just return `t`.
MemRefType mlir::canonicalizeStridedLayout(MemRefType t) {
  auto affineMaps = t.getAffineMaps();
  // Already in canonical form.
  if (affineMaps.empty())
    return t;

  // Can't reduce to canonical identity form, return in canonical form.
  if (affineMaps.size() > 1 || affineMaps[0].getNumResults() > 1)
    return t;

  // Corner-case for 0-D affine maps.
  auto m = affineMaps[0];
  if (m.getNumDims() == 0 && m.getNumSymbols() == 0) {
    if (auto cst = m.getResult(0).dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>())
      if (cst.getValue() == 0)
        return MemRefType::Builder(t).setAffineMaps({});
    return t;
  }

  // 0-D corner case for empty shape that still have an affine map. Example:
  // `memref<f32, affine_map<()[s0] -> (s0)>>`. This is a 1 element memref whose
  // offset needs to remain, just return t.
  if (t.getShape().empty())
    return t;

  // If the canonical strided layout for the sizes of `t` is equal to the
  // simplified layout of `t` we can just return an empty layout. Otherwise,
  // just simplify the existing layout.
  AffineExpr expr =
      makeCanonicalStridedLayoutExpr(t.getShape(), t.getContext());
  auto simplifiedLayoutExpr =
      simplifyAffineExpr(m.getResult(0), m.getNumDims(), m.getNumSymbols());
  if (expr != simplifiedLayoutExpr)
    return MemRefType::Builder(t).setAffineMaps({AffineMap::get(
        m.getNumDims(), m.getNumSymbols(), simplifiedLayoutExpr)});
  return MemRefType::Builder(t).setAffineMaps({});
}

AffineExpr mlir::makeCanonicalStridedLayoutExpr(ArrayRef<int64_t> sizes,
                                                ArrayRef<AffineExpr> exprs,
                                                MLIRContext *context) {
  assert(!sizes.empty() && !exprs.empty() &&
         "expected non-empty sizes and exprs");

  // Size 0 corner case is useful for canonicalizations.
  if (llvm::is_contained(sizes, 0))
    return getAffineConstantExpr(0, context);

  auto maps = AffineMap::inferFromExprList(exprs);
  assert(!maps.empty() && "Expected one non-empty map");
  unsigned numDims = maps[0].getNumDims(), nSymbols = maps[0].getNumSymbols();

  AffineExpr expr;
  bool dynamicPoisonBit = false;
  int64_t runningSize = 1;
  for (auto en : llvm::zip(llvm::reverse(exprs), llvm::reverse(sizes))) {
    int64_t size = std::get<1>(en);
    // Degenerate case, no size =-> no stride
    if (size == 0)
      continue;
    AffineExpr dimExpr = std::get<0>(en);
    AffineExpr stride = dynamicPoisonBit
                            ? getAffineSymbolExpr(nSymbols++, context)
                            : getAffineConstantExpr(runningSize, context);
    expr = expr ? expr + dimExpr * stride : dimExpr * stride;
    if (size > 0) {
      runningSize *= size;
      assert(runningSize > 0 && "integer overflow in size computation");
    } else {
      dynamicPoisonBit = true;
    }
  }
  return simplifyAffineExpr(expr, numDims, nSymbols);
}

/// Return a version of `t` with a layout that has all dynamic offset and
/// strides. This is used to erase the static layout.
MemRefType mlir::eraseStridedLayout(MemRefType t) {
  auto val = ShapedType::kDynamicStrideOrOffset;
  return MemRefType::Builder(t).setAffineMaps(makeStridedLinearLayoutMap(
      SmallVector<int64_t, 4>(t.getRank(), val), val, t.getContext()));
}

AffineExpr mlir::makeCanonicalStridedLayoutExpr(ArrayRef<int64_t> sizes,
                                                MLIRContext *context) {
  SmallVector<AffineExpr, 4> exprs;
  exprs.reserve(sizes.size());
  for (auto dim : llvm::seq<unsigned>(0, sizes.size()))
    exprs.push_back(getAffineDimExpr(dim, context));
  return makeCanonicalStridedLayoutExpr(sizes, exprs, context);
}

/// Return true if the layout for `t` is compatible with strided semantics.
bool mlir::isStrided(MemRefType t) {
  int64_t offset;
  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> strides;
  auto res = getStridesAndOffset(t, strides, offset);
  return succeeded(res);
}

/// Return the layout map in strided linear layout AffineMap form.
/// Return null if the layout is not compatible with a strided layout.
AffineMap mlir::getStridedLinearLayoutMap(MemRefType t) {
  int64_t offset;
  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> strides;
  if (failed(getStridesAndOffset(t, strides, offset)))
    return AffineMap();
  return makeStridedLinearLayoutMap(strides, offset, t.getContext());
}