xref: /llvm-project-15.0.7/mlir/lib/IR/AsmPrinter.cpp (revision 8aad330e)

//===- AsmPrinter.cpp - MLIR Assembly Printer Implementation --------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements the MLIR AsmPrinter class, which is used to implement
// the various print() methods on the core IR objects.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "mlir/IR/AffineExpr.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AffineMap.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AsmState.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Attributes.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinDialect.h"
#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Dialect.h"
#include "mlir/IR/DialectImplementation.h"
#include "mlir/IR/IntegerSet.h"
#include "mlir/IR/MLIRContext.h"
#include "mlir/IR/OpImplementation.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
#include "mlir/IR/SubElementInterfaces.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APFloat.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/MapVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ScopeExit.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ScopedHashTable.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/TypeSwitch.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Endian.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Regex.h"
#include "llvm/Support/SaveAndRestore.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Threading.h"

#include <tuple>

using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::detail;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "mlir-asm-printer"

void OperationName::print(raw_ostream &os) const { os << getStringRef(); }

void OperationName::dump() const { print(llvm::errs()); }

//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AsmParser
//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

AsmParser::~AsmParser() = default;
DialectAsmParser::~DialectAsmParser() = default;
OpAsmParser::~OpAsmParser() = default;

MLIRContext *AsmParser::getContext() const { return getBuilder().getContext(); }

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// DialectAsmPrinter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

DialectAsmPrinter::~DialectAsmPrinter() = default;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// OpAsmPrinter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

OpAsmPrinter::~OpAsmPrinter() = default;

void OpAsmPrinter::printFunctionalType(Operation *op) {
  auto &os = getStream();
  os << '(';
  llvm::interleaveComma(op->getOperands(), os, [&](Value operand) {
    // Print the types of null values as <<NULL TYPE>>.
    *this << (operand ? operand.getType() : Type());
  });
  os << ") -> ";

  // Print the result list.  We don't parenthesize single result types unless
  // it is a function (avoiding a grammar ambiguity).
  bool wrapped = op->getNumResults() != 1;
  if (!wrapped && op->getResult(0).getType() &&
      op->getResult(0).getType().isa<FunctionType>())
    wrapped = true;

  if (wrapped)
    os << '(';

  llvm::interleaveComma(op->getResults(), os, [&](const OpResult &result) {
    // Print the types of null values as <<NULL TYPE>>.
    *this << (result ? result.getType() : Type());
  });

  if (wrapped)
    os << ')';
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Operation OpAsm interface.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// The OpAsmOpInterface, see OpAsmInterface.td for more details.
#include "mlir/IR/OpAsmInterface.cpp.inc"

LogicalResult
OpAsmDialectInterface::parseResource(AsmParsedResourceEntry &entry) const {
  return entry.emitError() << "unknown 'resource' key '" << entry.getKey()
                           << "' for dialect '" << getDialect()->getNamespace()
                           << "'";
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// OpPrintingFlags
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// This struct contains command line options that can be used to initialize
/// various bits of the AsmPrinter. This uses a struct wrapper to avoid the need
/// for global command line options.
struct AsmPrinterOptions {
  llvm::cl::opt<int64_t> printElementsAttrWithHexIfLarger{
      "mlir-print-elementsattrs-with-hex-if-larger",
      llvm::cl::desc(
          "Print DenseElementsAttrs with a hex string that have "
          "more elements than the given upper limit (use -1 to disable)")};

  llvm::cl::opt<unsigned> elideElementsAttrIfLarger{
      "mlir-elide-elementsattrs-if-larger",
      llvm::cl::desc("Elide ElementsAttrs with \"...\" that have "
                     "more elements than the given upper limit")};

  llvm::cl::opt<bool> printDebugInfoOpt{
      "mlir-print-debuginfo", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc("Print debug info in MLIR output")};

  llvm::cl::opt<bool> printPrettyDebugInfoOpt{
      "mlir-pretty-debuginfo", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc("Print pretty debug info in MLIR output")};

  // Use the generic op output form in the operation printer even if the custom
  // form is defined.
  llvm::cl::opt<bool> printGenericOpFormOpt{
      "mlir-print-op-generic", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc("Print the generic op form"), llvm::cl::Hidden};

  llvm::cl::opt<bool> assumeVerifiedOpt{
      "mlir-print-assume-verified", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc("Skip op verification when using custom printers"),
      llvm::cl::Hidden};

  llvm::cl::opt<bool> printLocalScopeOpt{
      "mlir-print-local-scope", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc("Print with local scope and inline information (eliding "
                     "aliases for attributes, types, and locations")};

  llvm::cl::opt<bool> printValueUsers{
      "mlir-print-value-users", llvm::cl::init(false),
      llvm::cl::desc(
          "Print users of operation results and block arguments as a comment")};
};
} // namespace

static llvm::ManagedStatic<AsmPrinterOptions> clOptions;

/// Register a set of useful command-line options that can be used to configure
/// various flags within the AsmPrinter.
void mlir::registerAsmPrinterCLOptions() {
  // Make sure that the options struct has been initialized.
  *clOptions;
}

/// Initialize the printing flags with default supplied by the cl::opts above.
OpPrintingFlags::OpPrintingFlags()
    : printDebugInfoFlag(false), printDebugInfoPrettyFormFlag(false),
      printGenericOpFormFlag(false), assumeVerifiedFlag(false),
      printLocalScope(false), printValueUsersFlag(false) {
  // Initialize based upon command line options, if they are available.
  if (!clOptions.isConstructed())
    return;
  if (clOptions->elideElementsAttrIfLarger.getNumOccurrences())
    elementsAttrElementLimit = clOptions->elideElementsAttrIfLarger;
  printDebugInfoFlag = clOptions->printDebugInfoOpt;
  printDebugInfoPrettyFormFlag = clOptions->printPrettyDebugInfoOpt;
  printGenericOpFormFlag = clOptions->printGenericOpFormOpt;
  assumeVerifiedFlag = clOptions->assumeVerifiedOpt;
  printLocalScope = clOptions->printLocalScopeOpt;
  printValueUsersFlag = clOptions->printValueUsers;
}

/// Enable the elision of large elements attributes, by printing a '...'
/// instead of the element data, when the number of elements is greater than
/// `largeElementLimit`. Note: The IR generated with this option is not
/// parsable.
OpPrintingFlags &
OpPrintingFlags::elideLargeElementsAttrs(int64_t largeElementLimit) {
  elementsAttrElementLimit = largeElementLimit;
  return *this;
}

/// Enable printing of debug information. If 'prettyForm' is set to true,
/// debug information is printed in a more readable 'pretty' form.
OpPrintingFlags &OpPrintingFlags::enableDebugInfo(bool prettyForm) {
  printDebugInfoFlag = true;
  printDebugInfoPrettyFormFlag = prettyForm;
  return *this;
}

/// Always print operations in the generic form.
OpPrintingFlags &OpPrintingFlags::printGenericOpForm() {
  printGenericOpFormFlag = true;
  return *this;
}

/// Do not verify the operation when using custom operation printers.
OpPrintingFlags &OpPrintingFlags::assumeVerified() {
  assumeVerifiedFlag = true;
  return *this;
}

/// Use local scope when printing the operation. This allows for using the
/// printer in a more localized and thread-safe setting, but may not necessarily
/// be identical of what the IR will look like when dumping the full module.
OpPrintingFlags &OpPrintingFlags::useLocalScope() {
  printLocalScope = true;
  return *this;
}

/// Print users of values as comments.
OpPrintingFlags &OpPrintingFlags::printValueUsers() {
  printValueUsersFlag = true;
  return *this;
}

/// Return if the given ElementsAttr should be elided.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldElideElementsAttr(ElementsAttr attr) const {
  return elementsAttrElementLimit &&
         *elementsAttrElementLimit < int64_t(attr.getNumElements()) &&
         !attr.isa<SplatElementsAttr>();
}

/// Return the size limit for printing large ElementsAttr.
Optional<int64_t> OpPrintingFlags::getLargeElementsAttrLimit() const {
  return elementsAttrElementLimit;
}

/// Return if debug information should be printed.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldPrintDebugInfo() const {
  return printDebugInfoFlag;
}

/// Return if debug information should be printed in the pretty form.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldPrintDebugInfoPrettyForm() const {
  return printDebugInfoPrettyFormFlag;
}

/// Return if operations should be printed in the generic form.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldPrintGenericOpForm() const {
  return printGenericOpFormFlag;
}

/// Return if operation verification should be skipped.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldAssumeVerified() const {
  return assumeVerifiedFlag;
}

/// Return if the printer should use local scope when dumping the IR.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldUseLocalScope() const { return printLocalScope; }

/// Return if the printer should print users of values.
bool OpPrintingFlags::shouldPrintValueUsers() const {
  return printValueUsersFlag;
}

/// Returns true if an ElementsAttr with the given number of elements should be
/// printed with hex.
static bool shouldPrintElementsAttrWithHex(int64_t numElements) {
  // Check to see if a command line option was provided for the limit.
  if (clOptions.isConstructed()) {
    if (clOptions->printElementsAttrWithHexIfLarger.getNumOccurrences()) {
      // -1 is used to disable hex printing.
      if (clOptions->printElementsAttrWithHexIfLarger == -1)
        return false;
      return numElements > clOptions->printElementsAttrWithHexIfLarger;
    }
  }

  // Otherwise, default to printing with hex if the number of elements is >100.
  return numElements > 100;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// NewLineCounter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// This class is a simple formatter that emits a new line when inputted into a
/// stream, that enables counting the number of newlines emitted. This class
/// should be used whenever emitting newlines in the printer.
struct NewLineCounter {
  unsigned curLine = 1;
};

static raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &os, NewLineCounter &newLine) {
  ++newLine.curLine;
  return os << '\n';
}
} // namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AliasInitializer
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// This class represents a specific instance of a symbol Alias.
class SymbolAlias {
public:
  SymbolAlias(StringRef name, bool isDeferrable)
      : name(name), suffixIndex(0), hasSuffixIndex(false),
        isDeferrable(isDeferrable) {}
  SymbolAlias(StringRef name, uint32_t suffixIndex, bool isDeferrable)
      : name(name), suffixIndex(suffixIndex), hasSuffixIndex(true),
        isDeferrable(isDeferrable) {}

  /// Print this alias to the given stream.
  void print(raw_ostream &os) const {
    os << name;
    if (hasSuffixIndex)
      os << suffixIndex;
  }

  /// Returns true if this alias supports deferred resolution when parsing.
  bool canBeDeferred() const { return isDeferrable; }

private:
  /// The main name of the alias.
  StringRef name;
  /// The optional suffix index of the alias, if multiple aliases had the same
  /// name.
  uint32_t suffixIndex : 30;
  /// A flag indicating whether this alias has a suffix or not.
  bool hasSuffixIndex : 1;
  /// A flag indicating whether this alias may be deferred or not.
  bool isDeferrable : 1;
};

/// This class represents a utility that initializes the set of attribute and
/// type aliases, without the need to store the extra information within the
/// main AliasState class or pass it around via function arguments.
class AliasInitializer {
public:
  AliasInitializer(
      DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> &interfaces,
      llvm::BumpPtrAllocator &aliasAllocator)
      : interfaces(interfaces), aliasAllocator(aliasAllocator),
        aliasOS(aliasBuffer) {}

  void initialize(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
                  llvm::MapVector<Attribute, SymbolAlias> &attrToAlias,
                  llvm::MapVector<Type, SymbolAlias> &typeToAlias);

  /// Visit the given attribute to see if it has an alias. `canBeDeferred` is
  /// set to true if the originator of this attribute can resolve the alias
  /// after parsing has completed (e.g. in the case of operation locations).
  void visit(Attribute attr, bool canBeDeferred = false);

  /// Visit the given type to see if it has an alias.
  void visit(Type type);

private:
  /// Try to generate an alias for the provided symbol. If an alias is
  /// generated, the provided alias mapping and reverse mapping are updated.
  /// Returns success if an alias was generated, failure otherwise.
  template <typename T>
  LogicalResult
  generateAlias(T symbol,
                llvm::MapVector<StringRef, std::vector<T>> &aliasToSymbol);

  /// The set of asm interfaces within the context.
  DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> &interfaces;

  /// Mapping between an alias and the set of symbols mapped to it.
  llvm::MapVector<StringRef, std::vector<Attribute>> aliasToAttr;
  llvm::MapVector<StringRef, std::vector<Type>> aliasToType;

  /// An allocator used for alias names.
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator &aliasAllocator;

  /// The set of visited attributes.
  DenseSet<Attribute> visitedAttributes;

  /// The set of attributes that have aliases *and* can be deferred.
  DenseSet<Attribute> deferrableAttributes;

  /// The set of visited types.
  DenseSet<Type> visitedTypes;

  /// Storage and stream used when generating an alias.
  SmallString<32> aliasBuffer;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream aliasOS;
};

/// This class implements a dummy OpAsmPrinter that doesn't print any output,
/// and merely collects the attributes and types that *would* be printed in a
/// normal print invocation so that we can generate proper aliases. This allows
/// for us to generate aliases only for the attributes and types that would be
/// in the output, and trims down unnecessary output.
class DummyAliasOperationPrinter : private OpAsmPrinter {
public:
  explicit DummyAliasOperationPrinter(const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
                                      AliasInitializer &initializer)
      : printerFlags(printerFlags), initializer(initializer) {}

  /// Print the given operation.
  void print(Operation *op) {
    // Visit the operation location.
    if (printerFlags.shouldPrintDebugInfo())
      initializer.visit(op->getLoc(), /*canBeDeferred=*/true);

    // If requested, always print the generic form.
    if (!printerFlags.shouldPrintGenericOpForm()) {
      // Check to see if this is a known operation.  If so, use the registered
      // custom printer hook.
      if (auto opInfo = op->getRegisteredInfo()) {
        opInfo->printAssembly(op, *this, /*defaultDialect=*/"");
        return;
      }
    }

    // Otherwise print with the generic assembly form.
    printGenericOp(op);
  }

private:
  /// Print the given operation in the generic form.
  void printGenericOp(Operation *op, bool printOpName = true) override {
    // Consider nested operations for aliases.
    if (op->getNumRegions() != 0) {
      for (Region &region : op->getRegions())
        printRegion(region, /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/true,
                    /*printBlockTerminators=*/true);
    }

    // Visit all the types used in the operation.
    for (Type type : op->getOperandTypes())
      printType(type);
    for (Type type : op->getResultTypes())
      printType(type);

    // Consider the attributes of the operation for aliases.
    for (const NamedAttribute &attr : op->getAttrs())
      printAttribute(attr.getValue());
  }

  /// Print the given block. If 'printBlockArgs' is false, the arguments of the
  /// block are not printed. If 'printBlockTerminator' is false, the terminator
  /// operation of the block is not printed.
  void print(Block *block, bool printBlockArgs = true,
             bool printBlockTerminator = true) {
    // Consider the types of the block arguments for aliases if 'printBlockArgs'
    // is set to true.
    if (printBlockArgs) {
      for (BlockArgument arg : block->getArguments()) {
        printType(arg.getType());

        // Visit the argument location.
        if (printerFlags.shouldPrintDebugInfo())
          // TODO: Allow deferring argument locations.
          initializer.visit(arg.getLoc(), /*canBeDeferred=*/false);
      }
    }

    // Consider the operations within this block, ignoring the terminator if
    // requested.
    bool hasTerminator =
        !block->empty() && block->back().hasTrait<OpTrait::IsTerminator>();
    auto range = llvm::make_range(
        block->begin(),
        std::prev(block->end(),
                  (!hasTerminator || printBlockTerminator) ? 0 : 1));
    for (Operation &op : range)
      print(&op);
  }

  /// Print the given region.
  void printRegion(Region &region, bool printEntryBlockArgs,
                   bool printBlockTerminators,
                   bool printEmptyBlock = false) override {
    if (region.empty())
      return;

    auto *entryBlock = &region.front();
    print(entryBlock, printEntryBlockArgs, printBlockTerminators);
    for (Block &b : llvm::drop_begin(region, 1))
      print(&b);
  }

  void printRegionArgument(BlockArgument arg, ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> argAttrs,
                           bool omitType) override {
    printType(arg.getType());
    // Visit the argument location.
    if (printerFlags.shouldPrintDebugInfo())
      // TODO: Allow deferring argument locations.
      initializer.visit(arg.getLoc(), /*canBeDeferred=*/false);
  }

  /// Consider the given type to be printed for an alias.
  void printType(Type type) override { initializer.visit(type); }

  /// Consider the given attribute to be printed for an alias.
  void printAttribute(Attribute attr) override { initializer.visit(attr); }
  void printAttributeWithoutType(Attribute attr) override {
    printAttribute(attr);
  }
  LogicalResult printAlias(Attribute attr) override {
    initializer.visit(attr);
    return success();
  }
  LogicalResult printAlias(Type type) override {
    initializer.visit(type);
    return success();
  }

  /// Print the given set of attributes with names not included within
  /// 'elidedAttrs'.
  void printOptionalAttrDict(ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
                             ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs = {}) override {
    if (attrs.empty())
      return;
    if (elidedAttrs.empty()) {
      for (const NamedAttribute &attr : attrs)
        printAttribute(attr.getValue());
      return;
    }
    llvm::SmallDenseSet<StringRef> elidedAttrsSet(elidedAttrs.begin(),
                                                  elidedAttrs.end());
    for (const NamedAttribute &attr : attrs)
      if (!elidedAttrsSet.contains(attr.getName().strref()))
        printAttribute(attr.getValue());
  }
  void printOptionalAttrDictWithKeyword(
      ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
      ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs = {}) override {
    printOptionalAttrDict(attrs, elidedAttrs);
  }

  /// Return a null stream as the output stream, this will ignore any data fed
  /// to it.
  raw_ostream &getStream() const override { return os; }

  /// The following are hooks of `OpAsmPrinter` that are not necessary for
  /// determining potential aliases.
  void printFloat(const APFloat &value) override {}
  void printAffineMapOfSSAIds(AffineMapAttr, ValueRange) override {}
  void printAffineExprOfSSAIds(AffineExpr, ValueRange, ValueRange) override {}
  void printNewline() override {}
  void printOperand(Value) override {}
  void printOperand(Value, raw_ostream &os) override {
    // Users expect the output string to have at least the prefixed % to signal
    // a value name. To maintain this invariant, emit a name even if it is
    // guaranteed to go unused.
    os << "%";
  }
  void printKeywordOrString(StringRef) override {}
  void printSymbolName(StringRef) override {}
  void printSuccessor(Block *) override {}
  void printSuccessorAndUseList(Block *, ValueRange) override {}
  void shadowRegionArgs(Region &, ValueRange) override {}

  /// The printer flags to use when determining potential aliases.
  const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags;

  /// The initializer to use when identifying aliases.
  AliasInitializer &initializer;

  /// A dummy output stream.
  mutable llvm::raw_null_ostream os;
};
} // namespace

/// Sanitize the given name such that it can be used as a valid identifier. If
/// the string needs to be modified in any way, the provided buffer is used to
/// store the new copy,
static StringRef sanitizeIdentifier(StringRef name, SmallString<16> &buffer,
                                    StringRef allowedPunctChars = "$._-",
                                    bool allowTrailingDigit = true) {
  assert(!name.empty() && "Shouldn't have an empty name here");

  auto copyNameToBuffer = [&] {
    for (char ch : name) {
      if (llvm::isAlnum(ch) || allowedPunctChars.contains(ch))
        buffer.push_back(ch);
      else if (ch == ' ')
        buffer.push_back('_');
      else
        buffer.append(llvm::utohexstr((unsigned char)ch));
    }
  };

  // Check to see if this name is valid. If it starts with a digit, then it
  // could conflict with the autogenerated numeric ID's, so add an underscore
  // prefix to avoid problems.
  if (isdigit(name[0])) {
    buffer.push_back('_');
    copyNameToBuffer();
    return buffer;
  }

  // If the name ends with a trailing digit, add a '_' to avoid potential
  // conflicts with autogenerated ID's.
  if (!allowTrailingDigit && isdigit(name.back())) {
    copyNameToBuffer();
    buffer.push_back('_');
    return buffer;
  }

  // Check to see that the name consists of only valid identifier characters.
  for (char ch : name) {
    if (!llvm::isAlnum(ch) && !allowedPunctChars.contains(ch)) {
      copyNameToBuffer();
      return buffer;
    }
  }

  // If there are no invalid characters, return the original name.
  return name;
}

/// Given a collection of aliases and symbols, initialize a mapping from a
/// symbol to a given alias.
template <typename T>
static void
initializeAliases(llvm::MapVector<StringRef, std::vector<T>> &aliasToSymbol,
                  llvm::MapVector<T, SymbolAlias> &symbolToAlias,
                  DenseSet<T> *deferrableAliases = nullptr) {
  std::vector<std::pair<StringRef, std::vector<T>>> aliases =
      aliasToSymbol.takeVector();
  llvm::array_pod_sort(aliases.begin(), aliases.end(),
                       [](const auto *lhs, const auto *rhs) {
                         return lhs->first.compare(rhs->first);
                       });

  for (auto &it : aliases) {
    // If there is only one instance for this alias, use the name directly.
    if (it.second.size() == 1) {
      T symbol = it.second.front();
      bool isDeferrable = deferrableAliases && deferrableAliases->count(symbol);
      symbolToAlias.insert({symbol, SymbolAlias(it.first, isDeferrable)});
      continue;
    }
    // Otherwise, add the index to the name.
    for (int i = 0, e = it.second.size(); i < e; ++i) {
      T symbol = it.second[i];
      bool isDeferrable = deferrableAliases && deferrableAliases->count(symbol);
      symbolToAlias.insert({symbol, SymbolAlias(it.first, i, isDeferrable)});
    }
  }
}

void AliasInitializer::initialize(
    Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
    llvm::MapVector<Attribute, SymbolAlias> &attrToAlias,
    llvm::MapVector<Type, SymbolAlias> &typeToAlias) {
  // Use a dummy printer when walking the IR so that we can collect the
  // attributes/types that will actually be used during printing when
  // considering aliases.
  DummyAliasOperationPrinter aliasPrinter(printerFlags, *this);
  aliasPrinter.print(op);

  // Initialize the aliases sorted by name.
  initializeAliases(aliasToAttr, attrToAlias, &deferrableAttributes);
  initializeAliases(aliasToType, typeToAlias);
}

void AliasInitializer::visit(Attribute attr, bool canBeDeferred) {
  if (!visitedAttributes.insert(attr).second) {
    // If this attribute already has an alias and this instance can't be
    // deferred, make sure that the alias isn't deferred.
    if (!canBeDeferred)
      deferrableAttributes.erase(attr);
    return;
  }

  // Try to generate an alias for this attribute.
  if (succeeded(generateAlias(attr, aliasToAttr))) {
    if (canBeDeferred)
      deferrableAttributes.insert(attr);
    return;
  }

  // Check for any sub elements.
  if (auto subElementInterface = attr.dyn_cast<SubElementAttrInterface>()) {
    subElementInterface.walkSubElements([&](Attribute attr) { visit(attr); },
                                        [&](Type type) { visit(type); });
  }
}

void AliasInitializer::visit(Type type) {
  if (!visitedTypes.insert(type).second)
    return;

  // Try to generate an alias for this type.
  if (succeeded(generateAlias(type, aliasToType)))
    return;

  // Check for any sub elements.
  if (auto subElementInterface = type.dyn_cast<SubElementTypeInterface>()) {
    subElementInterface.walkSubElements([&](Attribute attr) { visit(attr); },
                                        [&](Type type) { visit(type); });
  }
}

template <typename T>
LogicalResult AliasInitializer::generateAlias(
    T symbol, llvm::MapVector<StringRef, std::vector<T>> &aliasToSymbol) {
  SmallString<32> nameBuffer;
  for (const auto &interface : interfaces) {
    OpAsmDialectInterface::AliasResult result =
        interface.getAlias(symbol, aliasOS);
    if (result == OpAsmDialectInterface::AliasResult::NoAlias)
      continue;
    nameBuffer = std::move(aliasBuffer);
    assert(!nameBuffer.empty() && "expected valid alias name");
    if (result == OpAsmDialectInterface::AliasResult::FinalAlias)
      break;
  }

  if (nameBuffer.empty())
    return failure();

  SmallString<16> tempBuffer;
  StringRef name =
      sanitizeIdentifier(nameBuffer, tempBuffer, /*allowedPunctChars=*/"$_-",
                         /*allowTrailingDigit=*/false);
  name = name.copy(aliasAllocator);
  aliasToSymbol[name].push_back(symbol);
  return success();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AliasState
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// This class manages the state for type and attribute aliases.
class AliasState {
public:
  // Initialize the internal aliases.
  void
  initialize(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
             DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> &interfaces);

  /// Get an alias for the given attribute if it has one and print it in `os`.
  /// Returns success if an alias was printed, failure otherwise.
  LogicalResult getAlias(Attribute attr, raw_ostream &os) const;

  /// Get an alias for the given type if it has one and print it in `os`.
  /// Returns success if an alias was printed, failure otherwise.
  LogicalResult getAlias(Type ty, raw_ostream &os) const;

  /// Print all of the referenced aliases that can not be resolved in a deferred
  /// manner.
  void printNonDeferredAliases(raw_ostream &os, NewLineCounter &newLine) const {
    printAliases(os, newLine, /*isDeferred=*/false);
  }

  /// Print all of the referenced aliases that support deferred resolution.
  void printDeferredAliases(raw_ostream &os, NewLineCounter &newLine) const {
    printAliases(os, newLine, /*isDeferred=*/true);
  }

private:
  /// Print all of the referenced aliases that support the provided resolution
  /// behavior.
  void printAliases(raw_ostream &os, NewLineCounter &newLine,
                    bool isDeferred) const;

  /// Mapping between attribute and alias.
  llvm::MapVector<Attribute, SymbolAlias> attrToAlias;
  /// Mapping between type and alias.
  llvm::MapVector<Type, SymbolAlias> typeToAlias;

  /// An allocator used for alias names.
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator aliasAllocator;
};
} // namespace

void AliasState::initialize(
    Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
    DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> &interfaces) {
  AliasInitializer initializer(interfaces, aliasAllocator);
  initializer.initialize(op, printerFlags, attrToAlias, typeToAlias);
}

LogicalResult AliasState::getAlias(Attribute attr, raw_ostream &os) const {
  auto it = attrToAlias.find(attr);
  if (it == attrToAlias.end())
    return failure();
  it->second.print(os << '#');
  return success();
}

LogicalResult AliasState::getAlias(Type ty, raw_ostream &os) const {
  auto it = typeToAlias.find(ty);
  if (it == typeToAlias.end())
    return failure();

  it->second.print(os << '!');
  return success();
}

void AliasState::printAliases(raw_ostream &os, NewLineCounter &newLine,
                              bool isDeferred) const {
  auto filterFn = [=](const auto &aliasIt) {
    return aliasIt.second.canBeDeferred() == isDeferred;
  };
  for (const auto &it : llvm::make_filter_range(attrToAlias, filterFn)) {
    it.second.print(os << '#');
    os << " = " << it.first << newLine;
  }
  for (const auto &it : llvm::make_filter_range(typeToAlias, filterFn)) {
    it.second.print(os << '!');
    os << " = " << it.first << newLine;
  }
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// SSANameState
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// Info about block printing: a number which is its position in the visitation
/// order, and a name that is used to print reference to it, e.g. ^bb42.
struct BlockInfo {
  int ordering;
  StringRef name;
};

/// This class manages the state of SSA value names.
class SSANameState {
public:
  /// A sentinel value used for values with names set.
  enum : unsigned { NameSentinel = ~0U };

  SSANameState(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags);

  /// Print the SSA identifier for the given value to 'stream'. If
  /// 'printResultNo' is true, it also presents the result number ('#' number)
  /// of this value.
  void printValueID(Value value, bool printResultNo, raw_ostream &stream) const;

  /// Print the operation identifier.
  void printOperationID(Operation *op, raw_ostream &stream) const;

  /// Return the result indices for each of the result groups registered by this
  /// operation, or empty if none exist.
  ArrayRef<int> getOpResultGroups(Operation *op);

  /// Get the info for the given block.
  BlockInfo getBlockInfo(Block *block);

  /// Renumber the arguments for the specified region to the same names as the
  /// SSA values in namesToUse. See OperationPrinter::shadowRegionArgs for
  /// details.
  void shadowRegionArgs(Region &region, ValueRange namesToUse);

private:
  /// Number the SSA values within the given IR unit.
  void numberValuesInRegion(Region &region);
  void numberValuesInBlock(Block &block);
  void numberValuesInOp(Operation &op);

  /// Given a result of an operation 'result', find the result group head
  /// 'lookupValue' and the result of 'result' within that group in
  /// 'lookupResultNo'. 'lookupResultNo' is only filled in if the result group
  /// has more than 1 result.
  void getResultIDAndNumber(OpResult result, Value &lookupValue,
                            Optional<int> &lookupResultNo) const;

  /// Set a special value name for the given value.
  void setValueName(Value value, StringRef name);

  /// Uniques the given value name within the printer. If the given name
  /// conflicts, it is automatically renamed.
  StringRef uniqueValueName(StringRef name);

  /// This is the value ID for each SSA value. If this returns NameSentinel,
  /// then the valueID has an entry in valueNames.
  DenseMap<Value, unsigned> valueIDs;
  DenseMap<Value, StringRef> valueNames;

  /// When printing users of values, an operation without a result might
  /// be the user. This map holds ids for such operations.
  DenseMap<Operation *, unsigned> operationIDs;

  /// This is a map of operations that contain multiple named result groups,
  /// i.e. there may be multiple names for the results of the operation. The
  /// value of this map are the result numbers that start a result group.
  DenseMap<Operation *, SmallVector<int, 1>> opResultGroups;

  /// This maps blocks to there visitation number in the current region as well
  /// as the string representing their name.
  DenseMap<Block *, BlockInfo> blockNames;

  /// This keeps track of all of the non-numeric names that are in flight,
  /// allowing us to check for duplicates.
  /// Note: the value of the map is unused.
  llvm::ScopedHashTable<StringRef, char> usedNames;
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator usedNameAllocator;

  /// This is the next value ID to assign in numbering.
  unsigned nextValueID = 0;
  /// This is the next ID to assign to a region entry block argument.
  unsigned nextArgumentID = 0;
  /// This is the next ID to assign when a name conflict is detected.
  unsigned nextConflictID = 0;

  /// These are the printing flags.  They control, eg., whether to print in
  /// generic form.
  OpPrintingFlags printerFlags;
};
} // namespace

SSANameState::SSANameState(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags)
    : printerFlags(printerFlags) {
  llvm::SaveAndRestore<unsigned> valueIDSaver(nextValueID);
  llvm::SaveAndRestore<unsigned> argumentIDSaver(nextArgumentID);
  llvm::SaveAndRestore<unsigned> conflictIDSaver(nextConflictID);

  // The naming context includes `nextValueID`, `nextArgumentID`,
  // `nextConflictID` and `usedNames` scoped HashTable. This information is
  // carried from the parent region.
  using UsedNamesScopeTy = llvm::ScopedHashTable<StringRef, char>::ScopeTy;
  using NamingContext =
      std::tuple<Region *, unsigned, unsigned, unsigned, UsedNamesScopeTy *>;

  // Allocator for UsedNamesScopeTy
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator allocator;

  // Add a scope for the top level operation.
  auto *topLevelNamesScope =
      new (allocator.Allocate<UsedNamesScopeTy>()) UsedNamesScopeTy(usedNames);

  SmallVector<NamingContext, 8> nameContext;
  for (Region &region : op->getRegions())
    nameContext.push_back(std::make_tuple(&region, nextValueID, nextArgumentID,
                                          nextConflictID, topLevelNamesScope));

  numberValuesInOp(*op);

  while (!nameContext.empty()) {
    Region *region;
    UsedNamesScopeTy *parentScope;
    std::tie(region, nextValueID, nextArgumentID, nextConflictID, parentScope) =
        nameContext.pop_back_val();

    // When we switch from one subtree to another, pop the scopes(needless)
    // until the parent scope.
    while (usedNames.getCurScope() != parentScope) {
      usedNames.getCurScope()->~UsedNamesScopeTy();
      assert((usedNames.getCurScope() != nullptr || parentScope == nullptr) &&
             "top level parentScope must be a nullptr");
    }

    // Add a scope for the current region.
    auto *curNamesScope = new (allocator.Allocate<UsedNamesScopeTy>())
        UsedNamesScopeTy(usedNames);

    numberValuesInRegion(*region);

    for (Operation &op : region->getOps())
      for (Region &region : op.getRegions())
        nameContext.push_back(std::make_tuple(&region, nextValueID,
                                              nextArgumentID, nextConflictID,
                                              curNamesScope));
  }

  // Manually remove all the scopes.
  while (usedNames.getCurScope() != nullptr)
    usedNames.getCurScope()->~UsedNamesScopeTy();
}

void SSANameState::printValueID(Value value, bool printResultNo,
                                raw_ostream &stream) const {
  if (!value) {
    stream << "<<NULL VALUE>>";
    return;
  }

  Optional<int> resultNo;
  auto lookupValue = value;

  // If this is an operation result, collect the head lookup value of the result
  // group and the result number of 'result' within that group.
  if (OpResult result = value.dyn_cast<OpResult>())
    getResultIDAndNumber(result, lookupValue, resultNo);

  auto it = valueIDs.find(lookupValue);
  if (it == valueIDs.end()) {
    stream << "<<UNKNOWN SSA VALUE>>";
    return;
  }

  stream << '%';
  if (it->second != NameSentinel) {
    stream << it->second;
  } else {
    auto nameIt = valueNames.find(lookupValue);
    assert(nameIt != valueNames.end() && "Didn't have a name entry?");
    stream << nameIt->second;
  }

  if (resultNo && printResultNo)
    stream << '#' << resultNo;
}

void SSANameState::printOperationID(Operation *op, raw_ostream &stream) const {
  auto it = operationIDs.find(op);
  if (it == operationIDs.end()) {
    stream << "<<UNKOWN OPERATION>>";
  } else {
    stream << '%' << it->second;
  }
}

ArrayRef<int> SSANameState::getOpResultGroups(Operation *op) {
  auto it = opResultGroups.find(op);
  return it == opResultGroups.end() ? ArrayRef<int>() : it->second;
}

BlockInfo SSANameState::getBlockInfo(Block *block) {
  auto it = blockNames.find(block);
  BlockInfo invalidBlock{-1, "INVALIDBLOCK"};
  return it != blockNames.end() ? it->second : invalidBlock;
}

void SSANameState::shadowRegionArgs(Region &region, ValueRange namesToUse) {
  assert(!region.empty() && "cannot shadow arguments of an empty region");
  assert(region.getNumArguments() == namesToUse.size() &&
         "incorrect number of names passed in");
  assert(region.getParentOp()->hasTrait<OpTrait::IsIsolatedFromAbove>() &&
         "only KnownIsolatedFromAbove ops can shadow names");

  SmallVector<char, 16> nameStr;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = namesToUse.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    auto nameToUse = namesToUse[i];
    if (nameToUse == nullptr)
      continue;
    auto nameToReplace = region.getArgument(i);

    nameStr.clear();
    llvm::raw_svector_ostream nameStream(nameStr);
    printValueID(nameToUse, /*printResultNo=*/true, nameStream);

    // Entry block arguments should already have a pretty "arg" name.
    assert(valueIDs[nameToReplace] == NameSentinel);

    // Use the name without the leading %.
    auto name = StringRef(nameStream.str()).drop_front();

    // Overwrite the name.
    valueNames[nameToReplace] = name.copy(usedNameAllocator);
  }
}

void SSANameState::numberValuesInRegion(Region &region) {
  auto setBlockArgNameFn = [&](Value arg, StringRef name) {
    assert(!valueIDs.count(arg) && "arg numbered multiple times");
    assert(arg.cast<BlockArgument>().getOwner()->getParent() == &region &&
           "arg not defined in current region");
    setValueName(arg, name);
  };

  if (!printerFlags.shouldPrintGenericOpForm()) {
    if (Operation *op = region.getParentOp()) {
      if (auto asmInterface = dyn_cast<OpAsmOpInterface>(op))
        asmInterface.getAsmBlockArgumentNames(region, setBlockArgNameFn);
    }
  }

  // Number the values within this region in a breadth-first order.
  unsigned nextBlockID = 0;
  for (auto &block : region) {
    // Each block gets a unique ID, and all of the operations within it get
    // numbered as well.
    auto blockInfoIt = blockNames.insert({&block, {-1, ""}});
    if (blockInfoIt.second) {
      // This block hasn't been named through `getAsmBlockArgumentNames`, use
      // default `^bbNNN` format.
      std::string name;
      llvm::raw_string_ostream(name) << "^bb" << nextBlockID;
      blockInfoIt.first->second.name = StringRef(name).copy(usedNameAllocator);
    }
    blockInfoIt.first->second.ordering = nextBlockID++;

    numberValuesInBlock(block);
  }
}

void SSANameState::numberValuesInBlock(Block &block) {
  // Number the block arguments. We give entry block arguments a special name
  // 'arg'.
  bool isEntryBlock = block.isEntryBlock();
  SmallString<32> specialNameBuffer(isEntryBlock ? "arg" : "");
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream specialName(specialNameBuffer);
  for (auto arg : block.getArguments()) {
    if (valueIDs.count(arg))
      continue;
    if (isEntryBlock) {
      specialNameBuffer.resize(strlen("arg"));
      specialName << nextArgumentID++;
    }
    setValueName(arg, specialName.str());
  }

  // Number the operations in this block.
  for (auto &op : block)
    numberValuesInOp(op);
}

void SSANameState::numberValuesInOp(Operation &op) {
  // Function used to set the special result names for the operation.
  SmallVector<int, 2> resultGroups(/*Size=*/1, /*Value=*/0);
  auto setResultNameFn = [&](Value result, StringRef name) {
    assert(!valueIDs.count(result) && "result numbered multiple times");
    assert(result.getDefiningOp() == &op && "result not defined by 'op'");
    setValueName(result, name);

    // Record the result number for groups not anchored at 0.
    if (int resultNo = result.cast<OpResult>().getResultNumber())
      resultGroups.push_back(resultNo);
  };
  // Operations can customize the printing of block names in OpAsmOpInterface.
  auto setBlockNameFn = [&](Block *block, StringRef name) {
    assert(block->getParentOp() == &op &&
           "getAsmBlockArgumentNames callback invoked on a block not directly "
           "nested under the current operation");
    assert(!blockNames.count(block) && "block numbered multiple times");
    SmallString<16> tmpBuffer{"^"};
    name = sanitizeIdentifier(name, tmpBuffer);
    if (name.data() != tmpBuffer.data()) {
      tmpBuffer.append(name);
      name = tmpBuffer.str();
    }
    name = name.copy(usedNameAllocator);
    blockNames[block] = {-1, name};
  };

  if (!printerFlags.shouldPrintGenericOpForm()) {
    if (OpAsmOpInterface asmInterface = dyn_cast<OpAsmOpInterface>(&op)) {
      asmInterface.getAsmBlockNames(setBlockNameFn);
      asmInterface.getAsmResultNames(setResultNameFn);
    }
  }

  unsigned numResults = op.getNumResults();
  if (numResults == 0) {
    // If value users should be printed, operations with no result need an id.
    if (printerFlags.shouldPrintValueUsers()) {
      if (operationIDs.try_emplace(&op, nextValueID).second)
        ++nextValueID;
    }
    return;
  }
  Value resultBegin = op.getResult(0);

  // If the first result wasn't numbered, give it a default number.
  if (valueIDs.try_emplace(resultBegin, nextValueID).second)
    ++nextValueID;

  // If this operation has multiple result groups, mark it.
  if (resultGroups.size() != 1) {
    llvm::array_pod_sort(resultGroups.begin(), resultGroups.end());
    opResultGroups.try_emplace(&op, std::move(resultGroups));
  }
}

void SSANameState::getResultIDAndNumber(OpResult result, Value &lookupValue,
                                        Optional<int> &lookupResultNo) const {
  Operation *owner = result.getOwner();
  if (owner->getNumResults() == 1)
    return;
  int resultNo = result.getResultNumber();

  // If this operation has multiple result groups, we will need to find the
  // one corresponding to this result.
  auto resultGroupIt = opResultGroups.find(owner);
  if (resultGroupIt == opResultGroups.end()) {
    // If not, just use the first result.
    lookupResultNo = resultNo;
    lookupValue = owner->getResult(0);
    return;
  }

  // Find the correct index using a binary search, as the groups are ordered.
  ArrayRef<int> resultGroups = resultGroupIt->second;
  const auto *it = llvm::upper_bound(resultGroups, resultNo);
  int groupResultNo = 0, groupSize = 0;

  // If there are no smaller elements, the last result group is the lookup.
  if (it == resultGroups.end()) {
    groupResultNo = resultGroups.back();
    groupSize = static_cast<int>(owner->getNumResults()) - resultGroups.back();
  } else {
    // Otherwise, the previous element is the lookup.
    groupResultNo = *std::prev(it);
    groupSize = *it - groupResultNo;
  }

  // We only record the result number for a group of size greater than 1.
  if (groupSize != 1)
    lookupResultNo = resultNo - groupResultNo;
  lookupValue = owner->getResult(groupResultNo);
}

void SSANameState::setValueName(Value value, StringRef name) {
  // If the name is empty, the value uses the default numbering.
  if (name.empty()) {
    valueIDs[value] = nextValueID++;
    return;
  }

  valueIDs[value] = NameSentinel;
  valueNames[value] = uniqueValueName(name);
}

StringRef SSANameState::uniqueValueName(StringRef name) {
  SmallString<16> tmpBuffer;
  name = sanitizeIdentifier(name, tmpBuffer);

  // Check to see if this name is already unique.
  if (!usedNames.count(name)) {
    name = name.copy(usedNameAllocator);
  } else {
    // Otherwise, we had a conflict - probe until we find a unique name. This
    // is guaranteed to terminate (and usually in a single iteration) because it
    // generates new names by incrementing nextConflictID.
    SmallString<64> probeName(name);
    probeName.push_back('_');
    while (true) {
      probeName += llvm::utostr(nextConflictID++);
      if (!usedNames.count(probeName)) {
        name = probeName.str().copy(usedNameAllocator);
        break;
      }
      probeName.resize(name.size() + 1);
    }
  }

  usedNames.insert(name, char());
  return name;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Resources
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

AsmParsedResourceEntry::~AsmParsedResourceEntry() = default;
AsmResourceBuilder::~AsmResourceBuilder() = default;
AsmResourceParser::~AsmResourceParser() = default;
AsmResourcePrinter::~AsmResourcePrinter() = default;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AsmState
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace mlir {
namespace detail {
class AsmStateImpl {
public:
  explicit AsmStateImpl(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
                        AsmState::LocationMap *locationMap)
      : interfaces(op->getContext()), nameState(op, printerFlags),
        printerFlags(printerFlags), locationMap(locationMap) {}

  /// Initialize the alias state to enable the printing of aliases.
  void initializeAliases(Operation *op) {
    aliasState.initialize(op, printerFlags, interfaces);
  }

  /// Get the state used for aliases.
  AliasState &getAliasState() { return aliasState; }

  /// Get the state used for SSA names.
  SSANameState &getSSANameState() { return nameState; }

  /// Return the dialects within the context that implement
  /// OpAsmDialectInterface.
  DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> &getDialectInterfaces() {
    return interfaces;
  }

  /// Return the non-dialect resource printers.
  auto getResourcePrinters() {
    return llvm::make_pointee_range(externalResourcePrinters);
  }

  /// Get the printer flags.
  const OpPrintingFlags &getPrinterFlags() const { return printerFlags; }

  /// Register the location, line and column, within the buffer that the given
  /// operation was printed at.
  void registerOperationLocation(Operation *op, unsigned line, unsigned col) {
    if (locationMap)
      (*locationMap)[op] = std::make_pair(line, col);
  }

private:
  /// Collection of OpAsm interfaces implemented in the context.
  DialectInterfaceCollection<OpAsmDialectInterface> interfaces;

  /// A collection of non-dialect resource printers.
  SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<AsmResourcePrinter>> externalResourcePrinters;

  /// The state used for attribute and type aliases.
  AliasState aliasState;

  /// The state used for SSA value names.
  SSANameState nameState;

  /// Flags that control op output.
  OpPrintingFlags printerFlags;

  /// An optional location map to be populated.
  AsmState::LocationMap *locationMap;

  // Allow direct access to the impl fields.
  friend AsmState;
};
} // namespace detail
} // namespace mlir

/// Verifies the operation and switches to generic op printing if verification
/// fails. We need to do this because custom print functions may fail for
/// invalid ops.
static OpPrintingFlags verifyOpAndAdjustFlags(Operation *op,
                                              OpPrintingFlags printerFlags) {
  if (printerFlags.shouldPrintGenericOpForm() ||
      printerFlags.shouldAssumeVerified())
    return printerFlags;

  LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << DEBUG_TYPE << ": Verifying operation: "
                          << op->getName() << "\n");

  // Ignore errors emitted by the verifier. We check the thread id to avoid
  // consuming other threads' errors.
  auto parentThreadId = llvm::get_threadid();
  ScopedDiagnosticHandler diagHandler(op->getContext(), [&](Diagnostic &diag) {
    if (parentThreadId == llvm::get_threadid()) {
      LLVM_DEBUG({
        diag.print(llvm::dbgs());
        llvm::dbgs() << "\n";
      });
      return success();
    }
    return failure();
  });
  if (failed(verify(op))) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs()
               << DEBUG_TYPE << ": '" << op->getName()
               << "' failed to verify and will be printed in generic form\n");
    printerFlags.printGenericOpForm();
  }

  return printerFlags;
}

AsmState::AsmState(Operation *op, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags,
                   LocationMap *locationMap)
    : impl(std::make_unique<AsmStateImpl>(
          op, verifyOpAndAdjustFlags(op, printerFlags), locationMap)) {}
AsmState::~AsmState() = default;

const OpPrintingFlags &AsmState::getPrinterFlags() const {
  return impl->getPrinterFlags();
}

void AsmState::attachResourcePrinter(
    std::unique_ptr<AsmResourcePrinter> printer) {
  impl->externalResourcePrinters.emplace_back(std::move(printer));
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AsmPrinter::Impl
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace mlir {
class AsmPrinter::Impl {
public:
  Impl(raw_ostream &os, OpPrintingFlags flags = llvm::None,
       AsmStateImpl *state = nullptr)
      : os(os), printerFlags(flags), state(state) {}
  explicit Impl(Impl &other)
      : Impl(other.os, other.printerFlags, other.state) {}

  /// Returns the output stream of the printer.
  raw_ostream &getStream() { return os; }

  template <typename Container, typename UnaryFunctor>
  inline void interleaveComma(const Container &c, UnaryFunctor eachFn) const {
    llvm::interleaveComma(c, os, eachFn);
  }

  /// This enum describes the different kinds of elision for the type of an
  /// attribute when printing it.
  enum class AttrTypeElision {
    /// The type must not be elided,
    Never,
    /// The type may be elided when it matches the default used in the parser
    /// (for example i64 is the default for integer attributes).
    May,
    /// The type must be elided.
    Must
  };

  /// Print the given attribute.
  void printAttribute(Attribute attr,
                      AttrTypeElision typeElision = AttrTypeElision::Never);

  /// Print the alias for the given attribute, return failure if no alias could
  /// be printed.
  LogicalResult printAlias(Attribute attr);

  void printType(Type type);

  /// Print the alias for the given type, return failure if no alias could
  /// be printed.
  LogicalResult printAlias(Type type);

  /// Print the given location to the stream. If `allowAlias` is true, this
  /// allows for the internal location to use an attribute alias.
  void printLocation(LocationAttr loc, bool allowAlias = false);

  /// Print a reference to the given resource that is owned by the given
  /// dialect.
  void printResourceHandle(const AsmDialectResourceHandle &resource) {
    auto *interface = cast<OpAsmDialectInterface>(resource.getDialect());
    os << interface->getResourceKey(resource);
    dialectResources[resource.getDialect()].insert(resource);
  }

  void printAffineMap(AffineMap map);
  void
  printAffineExpr(AffineExpr expr,
                  function_ref<void(unsigned, bool)> printValueName = nullptr);
  void printAffineConstraint(AffineExpr expr, bool isEq);
  void printIntegerSet(IntegerSet set);

protected:
  void printOptionalAttrDict(ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
                             ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs = {},
                             bool withKeyword = false);
  void printNamedAttribute(NamedAttribute attr);
  void printTrailingLocation(Location loc, bool allowAlias = true);
  void printLocationInternal(LocationAttr loc, bool pretty = false);

  /// Print a dense elements attribute. If 'allowHex' is true, a hex string is
  /// used instead of individual elements when the elements attr is large.
  void printDenseElementsAttr(DenseElementsAttr attr, bool allowHex);

  /// Print a dense string elements attribute.
  void printDenseStringElementsAttr(DenseStringElementsAttr attr);

  /// Print a dense elements attribute. If 'allowHex' is true, a hex string is
  /// used instead of individual elements when the elements attr is large.
  void printDenseIntOrFPElementsAttr(DenseIntOrFPElementsAttr attr,
                                     bool allowHex);

  void printDialectAttribute(Attribute attr);
  void printDialectType(Type type);

  /// Print an escaped string, wrapped with "".
  void printEscapedString(StringRef str);

  /// Print a hex string, wrapped with "".
  void printHexString(StringRef str);
  void printHexString(ArrayRef<char> data);

  /// This enum is used to represent the binding strength of the enclosing
  /// context that an AffineExprStorage is being printed in, so we can
  /// intelligently produce parens.
  enum class BindingStrength {
    Weak,   // + and -
    Strong, // All other binary operators.
  };
  void printAffineExprInternal(
      AffineExpr expr, BindingStrength enclosingTightness,
      function_ref<void(unsigned, bool)> printValueName = nullptr);

  /// The output stream for the printer.
  raw_ostream &os;

  /// A set of flags to control the printer's behavior.
  OpPrintingFlags printerFlags;

  /// An optional printer state for the module.
  AsmStateImpl *state;

  /// A tracker for the number of new lines emitted during printing.
  NewLineCounter newLine;

  /// A set of dialect resources that were referenced during printing.
  DenseMap<Dialect *, SetVector<AsmDialectResourceHandle>> dialectResources;
};
} // namespace mlir

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printTrailingLocation(Location loc, bool allowAlias) {
  // Check to see if we are printing debug information.
  if (!printerFlags.shouldPrintDebugInfo())
    return;

  os << " ";
  printLocation(loc, /*allowAlias=*/allowAlias);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printLocationInternal(LocationAttr loc, bool pretty) {
  TypeSwitch<LocationAttr>(loc)
      .Case<OpaqueLoc>([&](OpaqueLoc loc) {
        printLocationInternal(loc.getFallbackLocation(), pretty);
      })
      .Case<UnknownLoc>([&](UnknownLoc loc) {
        if (pretty)
          os << "[unknown]";
        else
          os << "unknown";
      })
      .Case<FileLineColLoc>([&](FileLineColLoc loc) {
        if (pretty)
          os << loc.getFilename().getValue();
        else
          printEscapedString(loc.getFilename());
        os << ':' << loc.getLine() << ':' << loc.getColumn();
      })
      .Case<NameLoc>([&](NameLoc loc) {
        printEscapedString(loc.getName());

        // Print the child if it isn't unknown.
        auto childLoc = loc.getChildLoc();
        if (!childLoc.isa<UnknownLoc>()) {
          os << '(';
          printLocationInternal(childLoc, pretty);
          os << ')';
        }
      })
      .Case<CallSiteLoc>([&](CallSiteLoc loc) {
        Location caller = loc.getCaller();
        Location callee = loc.getCallee();
        if (!pretty)
          os << "callsite(";
        printLocationInternal(callee, pretty);
        if (pretty) {
          if (callee.isa<NameLoc>()) {
            if (caller.isa<FileLineColLoc>()) {
              os << " at ";
            } else {
              os << newLine << " at ";
            }
          } else {
            os << newLine << " at ";
          }
        } else {
          os << " at ";
        }
        printLocationInternal(caller, pretty);
        if (!pretty)
          os << ")";
      })
      .Case<FusedLoc>([&](FusedLoc loc) {
        if (!pretty)
          os << "fused";
        if (Attribute metadata = loc.getMetadata())
          os << '<' << metadata << '>';
        os << '[';
        interleave(
            loc.getLocations(),
            [&](Location loc) { printLocationInternal(loc, pretty); },
            [&]() { os << ", "; });
        os << ']';
      });
}

/// Print a floating point value in a way that the parser will be able to
/// round-trip losslessly.
static void printFloatValue(const APFloat &apValue, raw_ostream &os) {
  // We would like to output the FP constant value in exponential notation,
  // but we cannot do this if doing so will lose precision.  Check here to
  // make sure that we only output it in exponential format if we can parse
  // the value back and get the same value.
  bool isInf = apValue.isInfinity();
  bool isNaN = apValue.isNaN();
  if (!isInf && !isNaN) {
    SmallString<128> strValue;
    apValue.toString(strValue, /*FormatPrecision=*/6, /*FormatMaxPadding=*/0,
                     /*TruncateZero=*/false);

    // Check to make sure that the stringized number is not some string like
    // "Inf" or NaN, that atof will accept, but the lexer will not.  Check
    // that the string matches the "[-+]?[0-9]" regex.
    assert(((strValue[0] >= '0' && strValue[0] <= '9') ||
            ((strValue[0] == '-' || strValue[0] == '+') &&
             (strValue[1] >= '0' && strValue[1] <= '9'))) &&
           "[-+]?[0-9] regex does not match!");

    // Parse back the stringized version and check that the value is equal
    // (i.e., there is no precision loss).
    if (APFloat(apValue.getSemantics(), strValue).bitwiseIsEqual(apValue)) {
      os << strValue;
      return;
    }

    // If it is not, use the default format of APFloat instead of the
    // exponential notation.
    strValue.clear();
    apValue.toString(strValue);

    // Make sure that we can parse the default form as a float.
    if (strValue.str().contains('.')) {
      os << strValue;
      return;
    }
  }

  // Print special values in hexadecimal format. The sign bit should be included
  // in the literal.
  SmallVector<char, 16> str;
  APInt apInt = apValue.bitcastToAPInt();
  apInt.toString(str, /*Radix=*/16, /*Signed=*/false,
                 /*formatAsCLiteral=*/true);
  os << str;
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printLocation(LocationAttr loc, bool allowAlias) {
  if (printerFlags.shouldPrintDebugInfoPrettyForm())
    return printLocationInternal(loc, /*pretty=*/true);

  os << "loc(";
  if (!allowAlias || !state || failed(state->getAliasState().getAlias(loc, os)))
    printLocationInternal(loc);
  os << ')';
}

/// Returns true if the given dialect symbol data is simple enough to print in
/// the pretty form. This is essentially when the symbol takes the form:
///   identifier (`<` body `>`)?
static bool isDialectSymbolSimpleEnoughForPrettyForm(StringRef symName) {
  // The name must start with an identifier.
  if (symName.empty() || !isalpha(symName.front()))
    return false;

  // Ignore all the characters that are valid in an identifier in the symbol
  // name.
  symName = symName.drop_while(
      [](char c) { return llvm::isAlnum(c) || c == '.' || c == '_'; });
  if (symName.empty())
    return true;

  // If we got to an unexpected character, then it must be a <>. Check that the
  // rest of the symbol is wrapped within <>.
  return symName.front() == '<' && symName.back() == '>';
}

/// Print the given dialect symbol to the stream.
static void printDialectSymbol(raw_ostream &os, StringRef symPrefix,
                               StringRef dialectName, StringRef symString) {
  os << symPrefix << dialectName;

  // If this symbol name is simple enough, print it directly in pretty form,
  // otherwise, we print it as an escaped string.
  if (isDialectSymbolSimpleEnoughForPrettyForm(symString)) {
    os << '.' << symString;
    return;
  }

  os << '<' << symString << '>';
}

/// Returns true if the given string can be represented as a bare identifier.
static bool isBareIdentifier(StringRef name) {
  // By making this unsigned, the value passed in to isalnum will always be
  // in the range 0-255. This is important when building with MSVC because
  // its implementation will assert. This situation can arise when dealing
  // with UTF-8 multibyte characters.
  if (name.empty() || (!isalpha(name[0]) && name[0] != '_'))
    return false;
  return llvm::all_of(name.drop_front(), [](unsigned char c) {
    return isalnum(c) || c == '_' || c == '$' || c == '.';
  });
}

/// Print the given string as a keyword, or a quoted and escaped string if it
/// has any special or non-printable characters in it.
static void printKeywordOrString(StringRef keyword, raw_ostream &os) {
  // If it can be represented as a bare identifier, write it directly.
  if (isBareIdentifier(keyword)) {
    os << keyword;
    return;
  }

  // Otherwise, output the keyword wrapped in quotes with proper escaping.
  os << "\"";
  printEscapedString(keyword, os);
  os << '"';
}

/// Print the given string as a symbol reference. A symbol reference is
/// represented as a string prefixed with '@'. The reference is surrounded with
/// ""'s and escaped if it has any special or non-printable characters in it.
static void printSymbolReference(StringRef symbolRef, raw_ostream &os) {
  assert(!symbolRef.empty() && "expected valid symbol reference");
  os << '@';
  printKeywordOrString(symbolRef, os);
}

// Print out a valid ElementsAttr that is succinct and can represent any
// potential shape/type, for use when eliding a large ElementsAttr.
//
// We choose to use an opaque ElementsAttr literal with conspicuous content to
// hopefully alert readers to the fact that this has been elided.
//
// Unfortunately, neither of the strings of an opaque ElementsAttr literal will
// accept the string "elided". The first string must be a registered dialect
// name and the latter must be a hex constant.
static void printElidedElementsAttr(raw_ostream &os) {
  os << R"(opaque<"elided_large_const", "0xDEADBEEF">)";
}

LogicalResult AsmPrinter::Impl::printAlias(Attribute attr) {
  return success(state && succeeded(state->getAliasState().getAlias(attr, os)));
}

LogicalResult AsmPrinter::Impl::printAlias(Type type) {
  return success(state && succeeded(state->getAliasState().getAlias(type, os)));
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printAttribute(Attribute attr,
                                      AttrTypeElision typeElision) {
  if (!attr) {
    os << "<<NULL ATTRIBUTE>>";
    return;
  }

  // Try to print an alias for this attribute.
  if (succeeded(printAlias(attr)))
    return;

  auto attrType = attr.getType();
  if (!isa<BuiltinDialect>(attr.getDialect())) {
    printDialectAttribute(attr);
  } else if (auto opaqueAttr = attr.dyn_cast<OpaqueAttr>()) {
    printDialectSymbol(os, "#", opaqueAttr.getDialectNamespace(),
                       opaqueAttr.getAttrData());
  } else if (attr.isa<UnitAttr>()) {
    os << "unit";
    return;
  } else if (auto dictAttr = attr.dyn_cast<DictionaryAttr>()) {
    os << '{';
    interleaveComma(dictAttr.getValue(),
                    [&](NamedAttribute attr) { printNamedAttribute(attr); });
    os << '}';

  } else if (auto intAttr = attr.dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>()) {
    if (attrType.isSignlessInteger(1)) {
      os << (intAttr.getValue().getBoolValue() ? "true" : "false");

      // Boolean integer attributes always elides the type.
      return;
    }

    // Only print attributes as unsigned if they are explicitly unsigned or are
    // signless 1-bit values.  Indexes, signed values, and multi-bit signless
    // values print as signed.
    bool isUnsigned =
        attrType.isUnsignedInteger() || attrType.isSignlessInteger(1);
    intAttr.getValue().print(os, !isUnsigned);

    // IntegerAttr elides the type if I64.
    if (typeElision == AttrTypeElision::May && attrType.isSignlessInteger(64))
      return;

  } else if (auto floatAttr = attr.dyn_cast<FloatAttr>()) {
    printFloatValue(floatAttr.getValue(), os);

    // FloatAttr elides the type if F64.
    if (typeElision == AttrTypeElision::May && attrType.isF64())
      return;

  } else if (auto strAttr = attr.dyn_cast<StringAttr>()) {
    printEscapedString(strAttr.getValue());

  } else if (auto arrayAttr = attr.dyn_cast<ArrayAttr>()) {
    os << '[';
    interleaveComma(arrayAttr.getValue(), [&](Attribute attr) {
      printAttribute(attr, AttrTypeElision::May);
    });
    os << ']';

  } else if (auto affineMapAttr = attr.dyn_cast<AffineMapAttr>()) {
    os << "affine_map<";
    affineMapAttr.getValue().print(os);
    os << '>';

    // AffineMap always elides the type.
    return;

  } else if (auto integerSetAttr = attr.dyn_cast<IntegerSetAttr>()) {
    os << "affine_set<";
    integerSetAttr.getValue().print(os);
    os << '>';

    // IntegerSet always elides the type.
    return;

  } else if (auto typeAttr = attr.dyn_cast<TypeAttr>()) {
    printType(typeAttr.getValue());

  } else if (auto refAttr = attr.dyn_cast<SymbolRefAttr>()) {
    printSymbolReference(refAttr.getRootReference().getValue(), os);
    for (FlatSymbolRefAttr nestedRef : refAttr.getNestedReferences()) {
      os << "::";
      printSymbolReference(nestedRef.getValue(), os);
    }

  } else if (auto opaqueAttr = attr.dyn_cast<OpaqueElementsAttr>()) {
    if (printerFlags.shouldElideElementsAttr(opaqueAttr)) {
      printElidedElementsAttr(os);
    } else {
      os << "opaque<" << opaqueAttr.getDialect() << ", ";
      printHexString(opaqueAttr.getValue());
      os << ">";
    }

  } else if (auto intOrFpEltAttr = attr.dyn_cast<DenseIntOrFPElementsAttr>()) {
    if (printerFlags.shouldElideElementsAttr(intOrFpEltAttr)) {
      printElidedElementsAttr(os);
    } else {
      os << "dense<";
      printDenseIntOrFPElementsAttr(intOrFpEltAttr, /*allowHex=*/true);
      os << '>';
    }

  } else if (auto strEltAttr = attr.dyn_cast<DenseStringElementsAttr>()) {
    if (printerFlags.shouldElideElementsAttr(strEltAttr)) {
      printElidedElementsAttr(os);
    } else {
      os << "dense<";
      printDenseStringElementsAttr(strEltAttr);
      os << '>';
    }

  } else if (auto sparseEltAttr = attr.dyn_cast<SparseElementsAttr>()) {
    if (printerFlags.shouldElideElementsAttr(sparseEltAttr.getIndices()) ||
        printerFlags.shouldElideElementsAttr(sparseEltAttr.getValues())) {
      printElidedElementsAttr(os);
    } else {
      os << "sparse<";
      DenseIntElementsAttr indices = sparseEltAttr.getIndices();
      if (indices.getNumElements() != 0) {
        printDenseIntOrFPElementsAttr(indices, /*allowHex=*/false);
        os << ", ";
        printDenseElementsAttr(sparseEltAttr.getValues(), /*allowHex=*/true);
      }
      os << '>';
    }
  } else if (auto denseArrayAttr = attr.dyn_cast<DenseArrayBaseAttr>()) {
    typeElision = AttrTypeElision::Must;
    switch (denseArrayAttr.getElementType()) {
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::I8:
      os << "[:i8";
      break;
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::I16:
      os << "[:i16";
      break;
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::I32:
      os << "[:i32";
      break;
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::I64:
      os << "[:i64";
      break;
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::F32:
      os << "[:f32";
      break;
    case DenseArrayBaseAttr::EltType::F64:
      os << "[:f64";
      break;
    }
    if (denseArrayAttr.getType().cast<ShapedType>().getRank())
      os << " ";
    denseArrayAttr.printWithoutBraces(os);
    os << "]";
  } else if (auto locAttr = attr.dyn_cast<LocationAttr>()) {
    printLocation(locAttr);
  } else {
    llvm::report_fatal_error("Unknown builtin attribute");
  }
  // Don't print the type if we must elide it, or if it is a None type.
  if (typeElision != AttrTypeElision::Must && !attrType.isa<NoneType>()) {
    os << " : ";
    printType(attrType);
  }
}

/// Print the integer element of a DenseElementsAttr.
static void printDenseIntElement(const APInt &value, raw_ostream &os,
                                 bool isSigned) {
  if (value.getBitWidth() == 1)
    os << (value.getBoolValue() ? "true" : "false");
  else
    value.print(os, isSigned);
}

static void
printDenseElementsAttrImpl(bool isSplat, ShapedType type, raw_ostream &os,
                           function_ref<void(unsigned)> printEltFn) {
  // Special case for 0-d and splat tensors.
  if (isSplat)
    return printEltFn(0);

  // Special case for degenerate tensors.
  auto numElements = type.getNumElements();
  if (numElements == 0)
    return;

  // We use a mixed-radix counter to iterate through the shape. When we bump a
  // non-least-significant digit, we emit a close bracket. When we next emit an
  // element we re-open all closed brackets.

  // The mixed-radix counter, with radices in 'shape'.
  int64_t rank = type.getRank();
  SmallVector<unsigned, 4> counter(rank, 0);
  // The number of brackets that have been opened and not closed.
  unsigned openBrackets = 0;

  auto shape = type.getShape();
  auto bumpCounter = [&] {
    // Bump the least significant digit.
    ++counter[rank - 1];
    // Iterate backwards bubbling back the increment.
    for (unsigned i = rank - 1; i > 0; --i)
      if (counter[i] >= shape[i]) {
        // Index 'i' is rolled over. Bump (i-1) and close a bracket.
        counter[i] = 0;
        ++counter[i - 1];
        --openBrackets;
        os << ']';
      }
  };

  for (unsigned idx = 0, e = numElements; idx != e; ++idx) {
    if (idx != 0)
      os << ", ";
    while (openBrackets++ < rank)
      os << '[';
    openBrackets = rank;
    printEltFn(idx);
    bumpCounter();
  }
  while (openBrackets-- > 0)
    os << ']';
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printDenseElementsAttr(DenseElementsAttr attr,
                                              bool allowHex) {
  if (auto stringAttr = attr.dyn_cast<DenseStringElementsAttr>())
    return printDenseStringElementsAttr(stringAttr);

  printDenseIntOrFPElementsAttr(attr.cast<DenseIntOrFPElementsAttr>(),
                                allowHex);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printDenseIntOrFPElementsAttr(
    DenseIntOrFPElementsAttr attr, bool allowHex) {
  auto type = attr.getType();
  auto elementType = type.getElementType();

  // Check to see if we should format this attribute as a hex string.
  auto numElements = type.getNumElements();
  if (!attr.isSplat() && allowHex &&
      shouldPrintElementsAttrWithHex(numElements)) {
    ArrayRef<char> rawData = attr.getRawData();
    if (llvm::support::endian::system_endianness() ==
        llvm::support::endianness::big) {
      // Convert endianess in big-endian(BE) machines. `rawData` is BE in BE
      // machines. It is converted here to print in LE format.
      SmallVector<char, 64> outDataVec(rawData.size());
      MutableArrayRef<char> convRawData(outDataVec);
      DenseIntOrFPElementsAttr::convertEndianOfArrayRefForBEmachine(
          rawData, convRawData, type);
      printHexString(convRawData);
    } else {
      printHexString(rawData);
    }

    return;
  }

  if (ComplexType complexTy = elementType.dyn_cast<ComplexType>()) {
    Type complexElementType = complexTy.getElementType();
    // Note: The if and else below had a common lambda function which invoked
    // printDenseElementsAttrImpl. This lambda was hitting a bug in gcc 9.1,9.2
    // and hence was replaced.
    if (complexElementType.isa<IntegerType>()) {
      bool isSigned = !complexElementType.isUnsignedInteger();
      auto valueIt = attr.value_begin<std::complex<APInt>>();
      printDenseElementsAttrImpl(attr.isSplat(), type, os, [&](unsigned index) {
        auto complexValue = *(valueIt + index);
        os << "(";
        printDenseIntElement(complexValue.real(), os, isSigned);
        os << ",";
        printDenseIntElement(complexValue.imag(), os, isSigned);
        os << ")";
      });
    } else {
      auto valueIt = attr.value_begin<std::complex<APFloat>>();
      printDenseElementsAttrImpl(attr.isSplat(), type, os, [&](unsigned index) {
        auto complexValue = *(valueIt + index);
        os << "(";
        printFloatValue(complexValue.real(), os);
        os << ",";
        printFloatValue(complexValue.imag(), os);
        os << ")";
      });
    }
  } else if (elementType.isIntOrIndex()) {
    bool isSigned = !elementType.isUnsignedInteger();
    auto valueIt = attr.value_begin<APInt>();
    printDenseElementsAttrImpl(attr.isSplat(), type, os, [&](unsigned index) {
      printDenseIntElement(*(valueIt + index), os, isSigned);
    });
  } else {
    assert(elementType.isa<FloatType>() && "unexpected element type");
    auto valueIt = attr.value_begin<APFloat>();
    printDenseElementsAttrImpl(attr.isSplat(), type, os, [&](unsigned index) {
      printFloatValue(*(valueIt + index), os);
    });
  }
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printDenseStringElementsAttr(
    DenseStringElementsAttr attr) {
  ArrayRef<StringRef> data = attr.getRawStringData();
  auto printFn = [&](unsigned index) { printEscapedString(data[index]); };
  printDenseElementsAttrImpl(attr.isSplat(), attr.getType(), os, printFn);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printType(Type type) {
  if (!type) {
    os << "<<NULL TYPE>>";
    return;
  }

  // Try to print an alias for this type.
  if (state && succeeded(state->getAliasState().getAlias(type, os)))
    return;

  TypeSwitch<Type>(type)
      .Case<OpaqueType>([&](OpaqueType opaqueTy) {
        printDialectSymbol(os, "!", opaqueTy.getDialectNamespace(),
                           opaqueTy.getTypeData());
      })
      .Case<IndexType>([&](Type) { os << "index"; })
      .Case<BFloat16Type>([&](Type) { os << "bf16"; })
      .Case<Float16Type>([&](Type) { os << "f16"; })
      .Case<Float32Type>([&](Type) { os << "f32"; })
      .Case<Float64Type>([&](Type) { os << "f64"; })
      .Case<Float80Type>([&](Type) { os << "f80"; })
      .Case<Float128Type>([&](Type) { os << "f128"; })
      .Case<IntegerType>([&](IntegerType integerTy) {
        if (integerTy.isSigned())
          os << 's';
        else if (integerTy.isUnsigned())
          os << 'u';
        os << 'i' << integerTy.getWidth();
      })
      .Case<FunctionType>([&](FunctionType funcTy) {
        os << '(';
        interleaveComma(funcTy.getInputs(), [&](Type ty) { printType(ty); });
        os << ") -> ";
        ArrayRef<Type> results = funcTy.getResults();
        if (results.size() == 1 && !results[0].isa<FunctionType>()) {
          printType(results[0]);
        } else {
          os << '(';
          interleaveComma(results, [&](Type ty) { printType(ty); });
          os << ')';
        }
      })
      .Case<VectorType>([&](VectorType vectorTy) {
        os << "vector<";
        auto vShape = vectorTy.getShape();
        unsigned lastDim = vShape.size();
        unsigned lastFixedDim = lastDim - vectorTy.getNumScalableDims();
        unsigned dimIdx = 0;
        for (dimIdx = 0; dimIdx < lastFixedDim; dimIdx++)
          os << vShape[dimIdx] << 'x';
        if (vectorTy.isScalable()) {
          os << '[';
          unsigned secondToLastDim = lastDim - 1;
          for (; dimIdx < secondToLastDim; dimIdx++)
            os << vShape[dimIdx] << 'x';
          os << vShape[dimIdx] << "]x";
        }
        printType(vectorTy.getElementType());
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<RankedTensorType>([&](RankedTensorType tensorTy) {
        os << "tensor<";
        for (int64_t dim : tensorTy.getShape()) {
          if (ShapedType::isDynamic(dim))
            os << '?';
          else
            os << dim;
          os << 'x';
        }
        printType(tensorTy.getElementType());
        // Only print the encoding attribute value if set.
        if (tensorTy.getEncoding()) {
          os << ", ";
          printAttribute(tensorTy.getEncoding());
        }
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<UnrankedTensorType>([&](UnrankedTensorType tensorTy) {
        os << "tensor<*x";
        printType(tensorTy.getElementType());
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<MemRefType>([&](MemRefType memrefTy) {
        os << "memref<";
        for (int64_t dim : memrefTy.getShape()) {
          if (ShapedType::isDynamic(dim))
            os << '?';
          else
            os << dim;
          os << 'x';
        }
        printType(memrefTy.getElementType());
        if (!memrefTy.getLayout().isIdentity()) {
          os << ", ";
          printAttribute(memrefTy.getLayout(), AttrTypeElision::May);
        }
        // Only print the memory space if it is the non-default one.
        if (memrefTy.getMemorySpace()) {
          os << ", ";
          printAttribute(memrefTy.getMemorySpace(), AttrTypeElision::May);
        }
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<UnrankedMemRefType>([&](UnrankedMemRefType memrefTy) {
        os << "memref<*x";
        printType(memrefTy.getElementType());
        // Only print the memory space if it is the non-default one.
        if (memrefTy.getMemorySpace()) {
          os << ", ";
          printAttribute(memrefTy.getMemorySpace(), AttrTypeElision::May);
        }
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<ComplexType>([&](ComplexType complexTy) {
        os << "complex<";
        printType(complexTy.getElementType());
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<TupleType>([&](TupleType tupleTy) {
        os << "tuple<";
        interleaveComma(tupleTy.getTypes(),
                        [&](Type type) { printType(type); });
        os << '>';
      })
      .Case<NoneType>([&](Type) { os << "none"; })
      .Default([&](Type type) { return printDialectType(type); });
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printOptionalAttrDict(ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
                                             ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs,
                                             bool withKeyword) {
  // If there are no attributes, then there is nothing to be done.
  if (attrs.empty())
    return;

  // Functor used to print a filtered attribute list.
  auto printFilteredAttributesFn = [&](auto filteredAttrs) {
    // Print the 'attributes' keyword if necessary.
    if (withKeyword)
      os << " attributes";

    // Otherwise, print them all out in braces.
    os << " {";
    interleaveComma(filteredAttrs,
                    [&](NamedAttribute attr) { printNamedAttribute(attr); });
    os << '}';
  };

  // If no attributes are elided, we can directly print with no filtering.
  if (elidedAttrs.empty())
    return printFilteredAttributesFn(attrs);

  // Otherwise, filter out any attributes that shouldn't be included.
  llvm::SmallDenseSet<StringRef> elidedAttrsSet(elidedAttrs.begin(),
                                                elidedAttrs.end());
  auto filteredAttrs = llvm::make_filter_range(attrs, [&](NamedAttribute attr) {
    return !elidedAttrsSet.contains(attr.getName().strref());
  });
  if (!filteredAttrs.empty())
    printFilteredAttributesFn(filteredAttrs);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printNamedAttribute(NamedAttribute attr) {
  // Print the name without quotes if possible.
  ::printKeywordOrString(attr.getName().strref(), os);

  // Pretty printing elides the attribute value for unit attributes.
  if (attr.getValue().isa<UnitAttr>())
    return;

  os << " = ";
  printAttribute(attr.getValue());
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printDialectAttribute(Attribute attr) {
  auto &dialect = attr.getDialect();

  // Ask the dialect to serialize the attribute to a string.
  std::string attrName;
  {
    llvm::raw_string_ostream attrNameStr(attrName);
    Impl subPrinter(attrNameStr, printerFlags, state);
    DialectAsmPrinter printer(subPrinter);
    dialect.printAttribute(attr, printer);

    // FIXME: Delete this when we no longer require a nested printer.
    for (auto &it : subPrinter.dialectResources)
      for (const auto &resource : it.second)
        dialectResources[it.first].insert(resource);
  }
  printDialectSymbol(os, "#", dialect.getNamespace(), attrName);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printDialectType(Type type) {
  auto &dialect = type.getDialect();

  // Ask the dialect to serialize the type to a string.
  std::string typeName;
  {
    llvm::raw_string_ostream typeNameStr(typeName);
    Impl subPrinter(typeNameStr, printerFlags, state);
    DialectAsmPrinter printer(subPrinter);
    dialect.printType(type, printer);

    // FIXME: Delete this when we no longer require a nested printer.
    for (auto &it : subPrinter.dialectResources)
      for (const auto &resource : it.second)
        dialectResources[it.first].insert(resource);
  }
  printDialectSymbol(os, "!", dialect.getNamespace(), typeName);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printEscapedString(StringRef str) {
  os << "\"";
  llvm::printEscapedString(str, os);
  os << "\"";
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printHexString(StringRef str) {
  os << "\"0x" << llvm::toHex(str) << "\"";
}
void AsmPrinter::Impl::printHexString(ArrayRef<char> data) {
  printHexString(StringRef(data.data(), data.size()));
}

//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// AsmPrinter
//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

AsmPrinter::~AsmPrinter() = default;

raw_ostream &AsmPrinter::getStream() const {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::getStream to be overriden");
  return impl->getStream();
}

/// Print the given floating point value in a stablized form.
void AsmPrinter::printFloat(const APFloat &value) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printFloat to be overriden");
  printFloatValue(value, impl->getStream());
}

void AsmPrinter::printType(Type type) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printType to be overriden");
  impl->printType(type);
}

void AsmPrinter::printAttribute(Attribute attr) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printAttribute to be overriden");
  impl->printAttribute(attr);
}

LogicalResult AsmPrinter::printAlias(Attribute attr) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printAlias to be overriden");
  return impl->printAlias(attr);
}

LogicalResult AsmPrinter::printAlias(Type type) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printAlias to be overriden");
  return impl->printAlias(type);
}

void AsmPrinter::printAttributeWithoutType(Attribute attr) {
  assert(impl &&
         "expected AsmPrinter::printAttributeWithoutType to be overriden");
  impl->printAttribute(attr, Impl::AttrTypeElision::Must);
}

void AsmPrinter::printKeywordOrString(StringRef keyword) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printKeywordOrString to be overriden");
  ::printKeywordOrString(keyword, impl->getStream());
}

void AsmPrinter::printSymbolName(StringRef symbolRef) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printSymbolName to be overriden");
  ::printSymbolReference(symbolRef, impl->getStream());
}

void AsmPrinter::printResourceHandle(const AsmDialectResourceHandle &resource) {
  assert(impl && "expected AsmPrinter::printResourceHandle to be overriden");
  impl->printResourceHandle(resource);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Affine expressions and maps
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printAffineExpr(
    AffineExpr expr, function_ref<void(unsigned, bool)> printValueName) {
  printAffineExprInternal(expr, BindingStrength::Weak, printValueName);
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printAffineExprInternal(
    AffineExpr expr, BindingStrength enclosingTightness,
    function_ref<void(unsigned, bool)> printValueName) {
  const char *binopSpelling = nullptr;
  switch (expr.getKind()) {
  case AffineExprKind::SymbolId: {
    unsigned pos = expr.cast<AffineSymbolExpr>().getPosition();
    if (printValueName)
      printValueName(pos, /*isSymbol=*/true);
    else
      os << 's' << pos;
    return;
  }
  case AffineExprKind::DimId: {
    unsigned pos = expr.cast<AffineDimExpr>().getPosition();
    if (printValueName)
      printValueName(pos, /*isSymbol=*/false);
    else
      os << 'd' << pos;
    return;
  }
  case AffineExprKind::Constant:
    os << expr.cast<AffineConstantExpr>().getValue();
    return;
  case AffineExprKind::Add:
    binopSpelling = " + ";
    break;
  case AffineExprKind::Mul:
    binopSpelling = " * ";
    break;
  case AffineExprKind::FloorDiv:
    binopSpelling = " floordiv ";
    break;
  case AffineExprKind::CeilDiv:
    binopSpelling = " ceildiv ";
    break;
  case AffineExprKind::Mod:
    binopSpelling = " mod ";
    break;
  }

  auto binOp = expr.cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>();
  AffineExpr lhsExpr = binOp.getLHS();
  AffineExpr rhsExpr = binOp.getRHS();

  // Handle tightly binding binary operators.
  if (binOp.getKind() != AffineExprKind::Add) {
    if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
      os << '(';

    // Pretty print multiplication with -1.
    auto rhsConst = rhsExpr.dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>();
    if (rhsConst && binOp.getKind() == AffineExprKind::Mul &&
        rhsConst.getValue() == -1) {
      os << "-";
      printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Strong, printValueName);
      if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
        os << ')';
      return;
    }

    printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Strong, printValueName);

    os << binopSpelling;
    printAffineExprInternal(rhsExpr, BindingStrength::Strong, printValueName);

    if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
      os << ')';
    return;
  }

  // Print out special "pretty" forms for add.
  if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
    os << '(';

  // Pretty print addition to a product that has a negative operand as a
  // subtraction.
  if (auto rhs = rhsExpr.dyn_cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>()) {
    if (rhs.getKind() == AffineExprKind::Mul) {
      AffineExpr rrhsExpr = rhs.getRHS();
      if (auto rrhs = rrhsExpr.dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>()) {
        if (rrhs.getValue() == -1) {
          printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Weak,
                                  printValueName);
          os << " - ";
          if (rhs.getLHS().getKind() == AffineExprKind::Add) {
            printAffineExprInternal(rhs.getLHS(), BindingStrength::Strong,
                                    printValueName);
          } else {
            printAffineExprInternal(rhs.getLHS(), BindingStrength::Weak,
                                    printValueName);
          }

          if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
            os << ')';
          return;
        }

        if (rrhs.getValue() < -1) {
          printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Weak,
                                  printValueName);
          os << " - ";
          printAffineExprInternal(rhs.getLHS(), BindingStrength::Strong,
                                  printValueName);
          os << " * " << -rrhs.getValue();
          if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
            os << ')';
          return;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Pretty print addition to a negative number as a subtraction.
  if (auto rhsConst = rhsExpr.dyn_cast<AffineConstantExpr>()) {
    if (rhsConst.getValue() < 0) {
      printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Weak, printValueName);
      os << " - " << -rhsConst.getValue();
      if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
        os << ')';
      return;
    }
  }

  printAffineExprInternal(lhsExpr, BindingStrength::Weak, printValueName);

  os << " + ";
  printAffineExprInternal(rhsExpr, BindingStrength::Weak, printValueName);

  if (enclosingTightness == BindingStrength::Strong)
    os << ')';
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printAffineConstraint(AffineExpr expr, bool isEq) {
  printAffineExprInternal(expr, BindingStrength::Weak);
  isEq ? os << " == 0" : os << " >= 0";
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printAffineMap(AffineMap map) {
  // Dimension identifiers.
  os << '(';
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)map.getNumDims() - 1; ++i)
    os << 'd' << i << ", ";
  if (map.getNumDims() >= 1)
    os << 'd' << map.getNumDims() - 1;
  os << ')';

  // Symbolic identifiers.
  if (map.getNumSymbols() != 0) {
    os << '[';
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < map.getNumSymbols() - 1; ++i)
      os << 's' << i << ", ";
    if (map.getNumSymbols() >= 1)
      os << 's' << map.getNumSymbols() - 1;
    os << ']';
  }

  // Result affine expressions.
  os << " -> (";
  interleaveComma(map.getResults(),
                  [&](AffineExpr expr) { printAffineExpr(expr); });
  os << ')';
}

void AsmPrinter::Impl::printIntegerSet(IntegerSet set) {
  // Dimension identifiers.
  os << '(';
  for (unsigned i = 1; i < set.getNumDims(); ++i)
    os << 'd' << i - 1 << ", ";
  if (set.getNumDims() >= 1)
    os << 'd' << set.getNumDims() - 1;
  os << ')';

  // Symbolic identifiers.
  if (set.getNumSymbols() != 0) {
    os << '[';
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < set.getNumSymbols() - 1; ++i)
      os << 's' << i << ", ";
    if (set.getNumSymbols() >= 1)
      os << 's' << set.getNumSymbols() - 1;
    os << ']';
  }

  // Print constraints.
  os << " : (";
  int numConstraints = set.getNumConstraints();
  for (int i = 1; i < numConstraints; ++i) {
    printAffineConstraint(set.getConstraint(i - 1), set.isEq(i - 1));
    os << ", ";
  }
  if (numConstraints >= 1)
    printAffineConstraint(set.getConstraint(numConstraints - 1),
                          set.isEq(numConstraints - 1));
  os << ')';
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// OperationPrinter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
/// This class contains the logic for printing operations, regions, and blocks.
class OperationPrinter : public AsmPrinter::Impl, private OpAsmPrinter {
public:
  using Impl = AsmPrinter::Impl;
  using Impl::printType;

  explicit OperationPrinter(raw_ostream &os, AsmStateImpl &state)
      : Impl(os, state.getPrinterFlags(), &state),
        OpAsmPrinter(static_cast<Impl &>(*this)) {}

  /// Print the given top-level operation.
  void printTopLevelOperation(Operation *op);

  /// Print the given operation with its indent and location.
  void print(Operation *op);
  /// Print the bare location, not including indentation/location/etc.
  void printOperation(Operation *op);
  /// Print the given operation in the generic form.
  void printGenericOp(Operation *op, bool printOpName) override;

  /// Print the name of the given block.
  void printBlockName(Block *block);

  /// Print the given block. If 'printBlockArgs' is false, the arguments of the
  /// block are not printed. If 'printBlockTerminator' is false, the terminator
  /// operation of the block is not printed.
  void print(Block *block, bool printBlockArgs = true,
             bool printBlockTerminator = true);

  /// Print the ID of the given value, optionally with its result number.
  void printValueID(Value value, bool printResultNo = true,
                    raw_ostream *streamOverride = nullptr) const;

  /// Print the ID of the given operation.
  void printOperationID(Operation *op,
                        raw_ostream *streamOverride = nullptr) const;

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // OpAsmPrinter methods
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  /// Print a newline and indent the printer to the start of the current
  /// operation.
  void printNewline() override {
    os << newLine;
    os.indent(currentIndent);
  }

  /// Print a block argument in the usual format of:
  ///   %ssaName : type {attr1=42} loc("here")
  /// where location printing is controlled by the standard internal option.
  /// You may pass omitType=true to not print a type, and pass an empty
  /// attribute list if you don't care for attributes.
  void printRegionArgument(BlockArgument arg,
                           ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> argAttrs = {},
                           bool omitType = false) override;

  /// Print the ID for the given value.
  void printOperand(Value value) override { printValueID(value); }
  void printOperand(Value value, raw_ostream &os) override {
    printValueID(value, /*printResultNo=*/true, &os);
  }

  /// Print an optional attribute dictionary with a given set of elided values.
  void printOptionalAttrDict(ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
                             ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs = {}) override {
    Impl::printOptionalAttrDict(attrs, elidedAttrs);
  }
  void printOptionalAttrDictWithKeyword(
      ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> attrs,
      ArrayRef<StringRef> elidedAttrs = {}) override {
    Impl::printOptionalAttrDict(attrs, elidedAttrs,
                                /*withKeyword=*/true);
  }

  /// Print the given successor.
  void printSuccessor(Block *successor) override;

  /// Print an operation successor with the operands used for the block
  /// arguments.
  void printSuccessorAndUseList(Block *successor,
                                ValueRange succOperands) override;

  /// Print the given region.
  void printRegion(Region &region, bool printEntryBlockArgs,
                   bool printBlockTerminators, bool printEmptyBlock) override;

  /// Renumber the arguments for the specified region to the same names as the
  /// SSA values in namesToUse. This may only be used for IsolatedFromAbove
  /// operations. If any entry in namesToUse is null, the corresponding
  /// argument name is left alone.
  void shadowRegionArgs(Region &region, ValueRange namesToUse) override {
    state->getSSANameState().shadowRegionArgs(region, namesToUse);
  }

  /// Print the given affine map with the symbol and dimension operands printed
  /// inline with the map.
  void printAffineMapOfSSAIds(AffineMapAttr mapAttr,
                              ValueRange operands) override;

  /// Print the given affine expression with the symbol and dimension operands
  /// printed inline with the expression.
  void printAffineExprOfSSAIds(AffineExpr expr, ValueRange dimOperands,
                               ValueRange symOperands) override;

  /// Print users of this operation or id of this operation if it has no result.
  void printUsersComment(Operation *op);

  /// Print users of this block arg.
  void printUsersComment(BlockArgument arg);

  /// Print the users of a value.
  void printValueUsers(Value value);

  /// Print either the ids of the result values or the id of the operation if
  /// the operation has no results.
  void printUserIDs(Operation *user, bool prefixComma = false);

private:
  /// This class represents a resource builder implementation for the MLIR
  /// textual assembly format.
  class ResourceBuilder : public AsmResourceBuilder {
  public:
    using ValueFn = function_ref<void(raw_ostream &)>;
    using PrintFn = function_ref<void(StringRef, ValueFn)>;

    ResourceBuilder(OperationPrinter &p, PrintFn printFn)
        : p(p), printFn(printFn) {}
    ~ResourceBuilder() override = default;

    void buildBool(StringRef key, bool data) final {
      printFn(key, [&](raw_ostream &os) { p.os << (data ? "true" : "false"); });
    }

    void buildString(StringRef key, StringRef data) final {
      printFn(key, [&](raw_ostream &os) { p.printEscapedString(data); });
    }

    void buildBlob(StringRef key, ArrayRef<char> data,
                   uint32_t dataAlignment) final {
      printFn(key, [&](raw_ostream &os) {
        // Store the blob in a hex string containing the alignment and the data.
        llvm::support::ulittle32_t dataAlignmentLE(dataAlignment);
        os << "\"0x"
           << llvm::toHex(StringRef(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&dataAlignmentLE),
                                    sizeof(dataAlignment)))
           << llvm::toHex(StringRef(data.data(), data.size())) << "\"";
      });
    }

  private:
    OperationPrinter &p;
    PrintFn printFn;
  };

  /// Print the metadata dictionary for the file, eliding it if it is empty.
  void printFileMetadataDictionary(Operation *op);

  /// Print the resource sections for the file metadata dictionary.
  /// `checkAddMetadataDict` is used to indicate that metadata is going to be
  /// added, and the file metadata dictionary should be started if it hasn't
  /// yet.
  void printResourceFileMetadata(function_ref<void()> checkAddMetadataDict,
                                 Operation *op);

  // Contains the stack of default dialects to use when printing regions.
  // A new dialect is pushed to the stack before parsing regions nested under an
  // operation implementing `OpAsmOpInterface`, and popped when done. At the
  // top-level we start with "builtin" as the default, so that the top-level
  // `module` operation prints as-is.
  SmallVector<StringRef> defaultDialectStack{"builtin"};

  /// The number of spaces used for indenting nested operations.
  const static unsigned indentWidth = 2;

  // This is the current indentation level for nested structures.
  unsigned currentIndent = 0;
};
} // namespace

void OperationPrinter::printTopLevelOperation(Operation *op) {
  // Output the aliases at the top level that can't be deferred.
  state->getAliasState().printNonDeferredAliases(os, newLine);

  // Print the module.
  print(op);
  os << newLine;

  // Output the aliases at the top level that can be deferred.
  state->getAliasState().printDeferredAliases(os, newLine);

  // Output any file level metadata.
  printFileMetadataDictionary(op);
}

void OperationPrinter::printFileMetadataDictionary(Operation *op) {
  bool sawMetadataEntry = false;
  auto checkAddMetadataDict = [&] {
    if (!std::exchange(sawMetadataEntry, true))
      os << newLine << "{-#" << newLine;
  };

  // Add the various types of metadata.
  printResourceFileMetadata(checkAddMetadataDict, op);

  // If the file dictionary exists, close it.
  if (sawMetadataEntry)
    os << newLine << "#-}" << newLine;
}

void OperationPrinter::printResourceFileMetadata(
    function_ref<void()> checkAddMetadataDict, Operation *op) {
  // Functor used to add data entries to the file metadata dictionary.
  bool hadResource = false;
  auto processProvider = [&](StringRef dictName, StringRef name, auto &provider,
                             auto &&...providerArgs) {
    bool hadEntry = false;
    auto printFn = [&](StringRef key, ResourceBuilder::ValueFn valueFn) {
      checkAddMetadataDict();

      // Emit the top-level resource entry if we haven't yet.
      if (!std::exchange(hadResource, true))
        os << "  " << dictName << "_resources: {" << newLine;
      // Emit the parent resource entry if we haven't yet.
      if (!std::exchange(hadEntry, true))
        os << "    " << name << ": {" << newLine;
      else
        os << "," << newLine;

      os << "      " << key << ": ";
      valueFn(os);
    };
    ResourceBuilder entryBuilder(*this, printFn);
    provider.buildResources(op, providerArgs..., entryBuilder);

    if (hadEntry)
      os << newLine << "    }";
  };

  // Print the `dialect_resources` section if we have any dialects with
  // resources.
  for (const OpAsmDialectInterface &interface : state->getDialectInterfaces()) {
    StringRef name = interface.getDialect()->getNamespace();
    auto it = dialectResources.find(interface.getDialect());
    if (it != dialectResources.end())
      processProvider("dialect", name, interface, it->second);
    else
      processProvider("dialect", name, interface,
                      SetVector<AsmDialectResourceHandle>());
  }
  if (hadResource)
    os << newLine << "  }";

  // Print the `external_resources` section if we have any external clients with
  // resources.
  hadResource = false;
  for (const auto &printer : state->getResourcePrinters())
    processProvider("external", printer.getName(), printer);
  if (hadResource)
    os << newLine << "  }";
}

/// Print a block argument in the usual format of:
///   %ssaName : type {attr1=42} loc("here")
/// where location printing is controlled by the standard internal option.
/// You may pass omitType=true to not print a type, and pass an empty
/// attribute list if you don't care for attributes.
void OperationPrinter::printRegionArgument(BlockArgument arg,
                                           ArrayRef<NamedAttribute> argAttrs,
                                           bool omitType) {
  printOperand(arg);
  if (!omitType) {
    os << ": ";
    printType(arg.getType());
  }
  printOptionalAttrDict(argAttrs);
  // TODO: We should allow location aliases on block arguments.
  printTrailingLocation(arg.getLoc(), /*allowAlias*/ false);
}

void OperationPrinter::print(Operation *op) {
  // Track the location of this operation.
  state->registerOperationLocation(op, newLine.curLine, currentIndent);

  os.indent(currentIndent);
  printOperation(op);
  printTrailingLocation(op->getLoc());
  if (printerFlags.shouldPrintValueUsers())
    printUsersComment(op);
}

void OperationPrinter::printOperation(Operation *op) {
  if (size_t numResults = op->getNumResults()) {
    auto printResultGroup = [&](size_t resultNo, size_t resultCount) {
      printValueID(op->getResult(resultNo), /*printResultNo=*/false);
      if (resultCount > 1)
        os << ':' << resultCount;
    };

    // Check to see if this operation has multiple result groups.
    ArrayRef<int> resultGroups = state->getSSANameState().getOpResultGroups(op);
    if (!resultGroups.empty()) {
      // Interleave the groups excluding the last one, this one will be handled
      // separately.
      interleaveComma(llvm::seq<int>(0, resultGroups.size() - 1), [&](int i) {
        printResultGroup(resultGroups[i],
                         resultGroups[i + 1] - resultGroups[i]);
      });
      os << ", ";
      printResultGroup(resultGroups.back(), numResults - resultGroups.back());

    } else {
      printResultGroup(/*resultNo=*/0, /*resultCount=*/numResults);
    }

    os << " = ";
  }

  // If requested, always print the generic form.
  if (!printerFlags.shouldPrintGenericOpForm()) {
    // Check to see if this is a known operation. If so, use the registered
    // custom printer hook.
    if (auto opInfo = op->getRegisteredInfo()) {
      opInfo->printAssembly(op, *this, defaultDialectStack.back());
      return;
    }
    // Otherwise try to dispatch to the dialect, if available.
    if (Dialect *dialect = op->getDialect()) {
      if (auto opPrinter = dialect->getOperationPrinter(op)) {
        // Print the op name first.
        StringRef name = op->getName().getStringRef();
        // Only drop the default dialect prefix when it cannot lead to
        // ambiguities.
        if (name.count('.') == 1)
          name.consume_front((defaultDialectStack.back() + ".").str());
        os << name;

        // Print the rest of the op now.
        opPrinter(op, *this);
        return;
      }
    }
  }

  // Otherwise print with the generic assembly form.
  printGenericOp(op, /*printOpName=*/true);
}

void OperationPrinter::printUsersComment(Operation *op) {
  unsigned numResults = op->getNumResults();
  if (!numResults && op->getNumOperands()) {
    os << " // id: ";
    printOperationID(op);
  } else if (numResults && op->use_empty()) {
    os << " // unused";
  } else if (numResults && !op->use_empty()) {
    // Print "user" if the operation has one result used to compute one other
    // result, or is used in one operation with no result.
    unsigned usedInNResults = 0;
    unsigned usedInNOperations = 0;
    SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 1> userSet;
    for (Operation *user : op->getUsers()) {
      if (userSet.insert(user).second) {
        ++usedInNOperations;
        usedInNResults += user->getNumResults();
      }
    }

    // We already know that users is not empty.
    bool exactlyOneUniqueUse =
        usedInNResults <= 1 && usedInNOperations <= 1 && numResults == 1;
    os << " // " << (exactlyOneUniqueUse ? "user" : "users") << ": ";
    bool shouldPrintBrackets = numResults > 1;
    auto printOpResult = [&](OpResult opResult) {
      if (shouldPrintBrackets)
        os << "(";
      printValueUsers(opResult);
      if (shouldPrintBrackets)
        os << ")";
    };

    interleaveComma(op->getResults(), printOpResult);
  }
}

void OperationPrinter::printUsersComment(BlockArgument arg) {
  os << "// ";
  printValueID(arg);
  if (arg.use_empty()) {
    os << " is unused";
  } else {
    os << " is used by ";
    printValueUsers(arg);
  }
  os << newLine;
}

void OperationPrinter::printValueUsers(Value value) {
  if (value.use_empty())
    os << "unused";

  // One value might be used as the operand of an operation more than once.
  // Only print the operations results once in that case.
  SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 1> userSet;
  for (auto &indexedUser : enumerate(value.getUsers())) {
    if (userSet.insert(indexedUser.value()).second)
      printUserIDs(indexedUser.value(), indexedUser.index());
  }
}

void OperationPrinter::printUserIDs(Operation *user, bool prefixComma) {
  if (prefixComma)
    os << ", ";

  if (!user->getNumResults()) {
    printOperationID(user);
  } else {
    interleaveComma(user->getResults(),
                    [this](Value result) { printValueID(result); });
  }
}

void OperationPrinter::printGenericOp(Operation *op, bool printOpName) {
  if (printOpName)
    printEscapedString(op->getName().getStringRef());
  os << '(';
  interleaveComma(op->getOperands(), [&](Value value) { printValueID(value); });
  os << ')';

  // For terminators, print the list of successors and their operands.
  if (op->getNumSuccessors() != 0) {
    os << '[';
    interleaveComma(op->getSuccessors(),
                    [&](Block *successor) { printBlockName(successor); });
    os << ']';
  }

  // Print regions.
  if (op->getNumRegions() != 0) {
    os << " (";
    interleaveComma(op->getRegions(), [&](Region &region) {
      printRegion(region, /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/true,
                  /*printBlockTerminators=*/true, /*printEmptyBlock=*/true);
    });
    os << ')';
  }

  auto attrs = op->getAttrs();
  printOptionalAttrDict(attrs);

  // Print the type signature of the operation.
  os << " : ";
  printFunctionalType(op);
}

void OperationPrinter::printBlockName(Block *block) {
  os << state->getSSANameState().getBlockInfo(block).name;
}

void OperationPrinter::print(Block *block, bool printBlockArgs,
                             bool printBlockTerminator) {
  // Print the block label and argument list if requested.
  if (printBlockArgs) {
    os.indent(currentIndent);
    printBlockName(block);

    // Print the argument list if non-empty.
    if (!block->args_empty()) {
      os << '(';
      interleaveComma(block->getArguments(), [&](BlockArgument arg) {
        printValueID(arg);
        os << ": ";
        printType(arg.getType());
        // TODO: We should allow location aliases on block arguments.
        printTrailingLocation(arg.getLoc(), /*allowAlias*/ false);
      });
      os << ')';
    }
    os << ':';

    // Print out some context information about the predecessors of this block.
    if (!block->getParent()) {
      os << "  // block is not in a region!";
    } else if (block->hasNoPredecessors()) {
      if (!block->isEntryBlock())
        os << "  // no predecessors";
    } else if (auto *pred = block->getSinglePredecessor()) {
      os << "  // pred: ";
      printBlockName(pred);
    } else {
      // We want to print the predecessors in a stable order, not in
      // whatever order the use-list is in, so gather and sort them.
      SmallVector<BlockInfo, 4> predIDs;
      for (auto *pred : block->getPredecessors())
        predIDs.push_back(state->getSSANameState().getBlockInfo(pred));
      llvm::sort(predIDs, [](BlockInfo lhs, BlockInfo rhs) {
        return lhs.ordering < rhs.ordering;
      });

      os << "  // " << predIDs.size() << " preds: ";

      interleaveComma(predIDs, [&](BlockInfo pred) { os << pred.name; });
    }
    os << newLine;
  }

  currentIndent += indentWidth;

  if (printerFlags.shouldPrintValueUsers()) {
    for (BlockArgument arg : block->getArguments()) {
      os.indent(currentIndent);
      printUsersComment(arg);
    }
  }

  bool hasTerminator =
      !block->empty() && block->back().hasTrait<OpTrait::IsTerminator>();
  auto range = llvm::make_range(
      block->begin(),
      std::prev(block->end(),
                (!hasTerminator || printBlockTerminator) ? 0 : 1));
  for (auto &op : range) {
    print(&op);
    os << newLine;
  }
  currentIndent -= indentWidth;
}

void OperationPrinter::printValueID(Value value, bool printResultNo,
                                    raw_ostream *streamOverride) const {
  state->getSSANameState().printValueID(value, printResultNo,
                                        streamOverride ? *streamOverride : os);
}

void OperationPrinter::printOperationID(Operation *op,
                                        raw_ostream *streamOverride) const {
  state->getSSANameState().printOperationID(op, streamOverride ? *streamOverride
                                                               : os);
}

void OperationPrinter::printSuccessor(Block *successor) {
  printBlockName(successor);
}

void OperationPrinter::printSuccessorAndUseList(Block *successor,
                                                ValueRange succOperands) {
  printBlockName(successor);
  if (succOperands.empty())
    return;

  os << '(';
  interleaveComma(succOperands,
                  [this](Value operand) { printValueID(operand); });
  os << " : ";
  interleaveComma(succOperands,
                  [this](Value operand) { printType(operand.getType()); });
  os << ')';
}

void OperationPrinter::printRegion(Region &region, bool printEntryBlockArgs,
                                   bool printBlockTerminators,
                                   bool printEmptyBlock) {
  os << "{" << newLine;
  if (!region.empty()) {
    auto restoreDefaultDialect =
        llvm::make_scope_exit([&]() { defaultDialectStack.pop_back(); });
    if (auto iface = dyn_cast<OpAsmOpInterface>(region.getParentOp()))
      defaultDialectStack.push_back(iface.getDefaultDialect());
    else
      defaultDialectStack.push_back("");

    auto *entryBlock = &region.front();
    // Force printing the block header if printEmptyBlock is set and the block
    // is empty or if printEntryBlockArgs is set and there are arguments to
    // print.
    bool shouldAlwaysPrintBlockHeader =
        (printEmptyBlock && entryBlock->empty()) ||
        (printEntryBlockArgs && entryBlock->getNumArguments() != 0);
    print(entryBlock, shouldAlwaysPrintBlockHeader, printBlockTerminators);
    for (auto &b : llvm::drop_begin(region.getBlocks(), 1))
      print(&b);
  }
  os.indent(currentIndent) << "}";
}

void OperationPrinter::printAffineMapOfSSAIds(AffineMapAttr mapAttr,
                                              ValueRange operands) {
  AffineMap map = mapAttr.getValue();
  unsigned numDims = map.getNumDims();
  auto printValueName = [&](unsigned pos, bool isSymbol) {
    unsigned index = isSymbol ? numDims + pos : pos;
    assert(index < operands.size());
    if (isSymbol)
      os << "symbol(";
    printValueID(operands[index]);
    if (isSymbol)
      os << ')';
  };

  interleaveComma(map.getResults(), [&](AffineExpr expr) {
    printAffineExpr(expr, printValueName);
  });
}

void OperationPrinter::printAffineExprOfSSAIds(AffineExpr expr,
                                               ValueRange dimOperands,
                                               ValueRange symOperands) {
  auto printValueName = [&](unsigned pos, bool isSymbol) {
    if (!isSymbol)
      return printValueID(dimOperands[pos]);
    os << "symbol(";
    printValueID(symOperands[pos]);
    os << ')';
  };
  printAffineExpr(expr, printValueName);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// print and dump methods
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void Attribute::print(raw_ostream &os) const {
  AsmPrinter::Impl(os).printAttribute(*this);
}

void Attribute::dump() const {
  print(llvm::errs());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void Type::print(raw_ostream &os) const {
  AsmPrinter::Impl(os).printType(*this);
}

void Type::dump() const { print(llvm::errs()); }

void AffineMap::dump() const {
  print(llvm::errs());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void IntegerSet::dump() const {
  print(llvm::errs());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void AffineExpr::print(raw_ostream &os) const {
  if (!expr) {
    os << "<<NULL AFFINE EXPR>>";
    return;
  }
  AsmPrinter::Impl(os).printAffineExpr(*this);
}

void AffineExpr::dump() const {
  print(llvm::errs());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void AffineMap::print(raw_ostream &os) const {
  if (!map) {
    os << "<<NULL AFFINE MAP>>";
    return;
  }
  AsmPrinter::Impl(os).printAffineMap(*this);
}

void IntegerSet::print(raw_ostream &os) const {
  AsmPrinter::Impl(os).printIntegerSet(*this);
}

void Value::print(raw_ostream &os) { print(os, OpPrintingFlags()); }
void Value::print(raw_ostream &os, const OpPrintingFlags &flags) {
  if (!impl) {
    os << "<<NULL VALUE>>";
    return;
  }

  if (auto *op = getDefiningOp())
    return op->print(os, flags);
  // TODO: Improve BlockArgument print'ing.
  BlockArgument arg = this->cast<BlockArgument>();
  os << "<block argument> of type '" << arg.getType()
     << "' at index: " << arg.getArgNumber();
}
void Value::print(raw_ostream &os, AsmState &state) {
  if (!impl) {
    os << "<<NULL VALUE>>";
    return;
  }

  if (auto *op = getDefiningOp())
    return op->print(os, state);

  // TODO: Improve BlockArgument print'ing.
  BlockArgument arg = this->cast<BlockArgument>();
  os << "<block argument> of type '" << arg.getType()
     << "' at index: " << arg.getArgNumber();
}

void Value::dump() {
  print(llvm::errs());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void Value::printAsOperand(raw_ostream &os, AsmState &state) {
  // TODO: This doesn't necessarily capture all potential cases.
  // Currently, region arguments can be shadowed when printing the main
  // operation. If the IR hasn't been printed, this will produce the old SSA
  // name and not the shadowed name.
  state.getImpl().getSSANameState().printValueID(*this, /*printResultNo=*/true,
                                                 os);
}

void Operation::print(raw_ostream &os, const OpPrintingFlags &printerFlags) {
  // If this is a top level operation, we also print aliases.
  if (!getParent() && !printerFlags.shouldUseLocalScope()) {
    AsmState state(this, printerFlags);
    state.getImpl().initializeAliases(this);
    print(os, state);
    return;
  }

  // Find the operation to number from based upon the provided flags.
  Operation *op = this;
  bool shouldUseLocalScope = printerFlags.shouldUseLocalScope();
  do {
    // If we are printing local scope, stop at the first operation that is
    // isolated from above.
    if (shouldUseLocalScope && op->hasTrait<OpTrait::IsIsolatedFromAbove>())
      break;

    // Otherwise, traverse up to the next parent.
    Operation *parentOp = op->getParentOp();
    if (!parentOp)
      break;
    op = parentOp;
  } while (true);

  AsmState state(op, printerFlags);
  print(os, state);
}
void Operation::print(raw_ostream &os, AsmState &state) {
  OperationPrinter printer(os, state.getImpl());
  if (!getParent() && !state.getPrinterFlags().shouldUseLocalScope())
    printer.printTopLevelOperation(this);
  else
    printer.print(this);
}

void Operation::dump() {
  print(llvm::errs(), OpPrintingFlags().useLocalScope());
  llvm::errs() << "\n";
}

void Block::print(raw_ostream &os) {
  Operation *parentOp = getParentOp();
  if (!parentOp) {
    os << "<<UNLINKED BLOCK>>\n";
    return;
  }
  // Get the top-level op.
  while (auto *nextOp = parentOp->getParentOp())
    parentOp = nextOp;

  AsmState state(parentOp);
  print(os, state);
}
void Block::print(raw_ostream &os, AsmState &state) {
  OperationPrinter(os, state.getImpl()).print(this);
}

void Block::dump() { print(llvm::errs()); }

/// Print out the name of the block without printing its body.
void Block::printAsOperand(raw_ostream &os, bool printType) {
  Operation *parentOp = getParentOp();
  if (!parentOp) {
    os << "<<UNLINKED BLOCK>>\n";
    return;
  }
  AsmState state(parentOp);
  printAsOperand(os, state);
}
void Block::printAsOperand(raw_ostream &os, AsmState &state) {
  OperationPrinter printer(os, state.getImpl());
  printer.printBlockName(this);
}