Target/SystemZ/SystemZElimCompare.cpp

//===-- SystemZElimCompare.cpp - Eliminate comparison instructions --------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This pass:
// (1) tries to remove compares if CC already contains the required information
// (2) fuses compares and branches into COMPARE AND BRANCH instructions
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "SystemZ.h"
#include "SystemZInstrInfo.h"
#include "SystemZTargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineOperand.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/MC/MCInstrDesc.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>

using namespace llvm;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "systemz-elim-compare"

STATISTIC(BranchOnCounts, "Number of branch-on-count instructions");
STATISTIC(LoadAndTraps, "Number of load-and-trap instructions");
STATISTIC(EliminatedComparisons, "Number of eliminated comparisons");
STATISTIC(FusedComparisons, "Number of fused compare-and-branch instructions");

namespace {

// Represents the references to a particular register in one or more
// instructions.
struct Reference {
  Reference() = default;

  Reference &operator|=(const Reference &Other) {
    Def |= Other.Def;
    Use |= Other.Use;
    return *this;
  }

  explicit operator bool() const { return Def || Use; }

  // True if the register is defined or used in some form, either directly or
  // via a sub- or super-register.
  bool Def = false;
  bool Use = false;
};

class SystemZElimCompare : public MachineFunctionPass {
public:
  static char ID;

  SystemZElimCompare(const SystemZTargetMachine &tm)
    : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {}

  StringRef getPassName() const override {
    return "SystemZ Comparison Elimination";
  }

  bool processBlock(MachineBasicBlock &MBB);
  bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &F) override;

  MachineFunctionProperties getRequiredProperties() const override {
    return MachineFunctionProperties().set(
        MachineFunctionProperties::Property::NoVRegs);
  }

private:
  Reference getRegReferences(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned Reg);
  bool convertToBRCT(MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
                     SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers);
  bool convertToLoadAndTrap(MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
                            SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers);
  bool convertToLoadAndTest(MachineInstr &MI);
  bool adjustCCMasksForInstr(MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
                             SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers);
  bool optimizeCompareZero(MachineInstr &Compare,
                           SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers);
  bool fuseCompareOperations(MachineInstr &Compare,
                             SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers);

  const SystemZInstrInfo *TII = nullptr;
  const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI = nullptr;
};

char SystemZElimCompare::ID = 0;

} // end anonymous namespace

// Return true if CC is live out of MBB.
static bool isCCLiveOut(MachineBasicBlock &MBB) {
  for (auto SI = MBB.succ_begin(), SE = MBB.succ_end(); SI != SE; ++SI)
    if ((*SI)->isLiveIn(SystemZ::CC))
      return true;
  return false;
}

// Returns true if MI is an instruction whose output equals the value in Reg.
static bool preservesValueOf(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned Reg) {
  switch (MI.getOpcode()) {
  case SystemZ::LR:
  case SystemZ::LGR:
  case SystemZ::LGFR:
  case SystemZ::LTR:
  case SystemZ::LTGR:
  case SystemZ::LTGFR:
  case SystemZ::LER:
  case SystemZ::LDR:
  case SystemZ::LXR:
  case SystemZ::LTEBR:
  case SystemZ::LTDBR:
  case SystemZ::LTXBR:
    if (MI.getOperand(1).getReg() == Reg)
      return true;
  }

  return false;
}

// Return true if any CC result of MI would (perhaps after conversion)
// reflect the value of Reg.
static bool resultTests(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned Reg) {
  if (MI.getNumOperands() > 0 && MI.getOperand(0).isReg() &&
      MI.getOperand(0).isDef() && MI.getOperand(0).getReg() == Reg)
    return true;

  return (preservesValueOf(MI, Reg));
}

// Describe the references to Reg or any of its aliases in MI.
Reference SystemZElimCompare::getRegReferences(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned Reg) {
  Reference Ref;
  for (unsigned I = 0, E = MI.getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I) {
    const MachineOperand &MO = MI.getOperand(I);
    if (MO.isReg()) {
      if (unsigned MOReg = MO.getReg()) {
        if (TRI->regsOverlap(MOReg, Reg)) {
          if (MO.isUse())
            Ref.Use = true;
          else if (MO.isDef())
            Ref.Def = true;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return Ref;
}

// Return true if this is a load and test which can be optimized the
// same way as compare instruction.
static bool isLoadAndTestAsCmp(MachineInstr &MI) {
  // If we during isel used a load-and-test as a compare with 0, the
  // def operand is dead.
  return (MI.getOpcode() == SystemZ::LTEBR ||
          MI.getOpcode() == SystemZ::LTDBR ||
          MI.getOpcode() == SystemZ::LTXBR) &&
         MI.getOperand(0).isDead();
}

// Return the source register of Compare, which is the unknown value
// being tested.
static unsigned getCompareSourceReg(MachineInstr &Compare) {
  unsigned reg = 0;
  if (Compare.isCompare())
    reg = Compare.getOperand(0).getReg();
  else if (isLoadAndTestAsCmp(Compare))
    reg = Compare.getOperand(1).getReg();
  assert(reg);

  return reg;
}

// Compare compares the result of MI against zero.  If MI is an addition
// of -1 and if CCUsers is a single branch on nonzero, eliminate the addition
// and convert the branch to a BRCT(G) or BRCTH.  Return true on success.
bool SystemZElimCompare::convertToBRCT(
    MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
    SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers) {
  // Check whether we have an addition of -1.
  unsigned Opcode = MI.getOpcode();
  unsigned BRCT;
  if (Opcode == SystemZ::AHI)
    BRCT = SystemZ::BRCT;
  else if (Opcode == SystemZ::AGHI)
    BRCT = SystemZ::BRCTG;
  else if (Opcode == SystemZ::AIH)
    BRCT = SystemZ::BRCTH;
  else
    return false;
  if (MI.getOperand(2).getImm() != -1)
    return false;

  // Check whether we have a single JLH.
  if (CCUsers.size() != 1)
    return false;
  MachineInstr *Branch = CCUsers[0];
  if (Branch->getOpcode() != SystemZ::BRC ||
      Branch->getOperand(0).getImm() != SystemZ::CCMASK_ICMP ||
      Branch->getOperand(1).getImm() != SystemZ::CCMASK_CMP_NE)
    return false;

  // We already know that there are no references to the register between
  // MI and Compare.  Make sure that there are also no references between
  // Compare and Branch.
  unsigned SrcReg = getCompareSourceReg(Compare);
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = Compare, MBBE = Branch;
  for (++MBBI; MBBI != MBBE; ++MBBI)
    if (getRegReferences(*MBBI, SrcReg))
      return false;

  // The transformation is OK.  Rebuild Branch as a BRCT(G) or BRCTH.
  MachineOperand Target(Branch->getOperand(2));
  while (Branch->getNumOperands())
    Branch->RemoveOperand(0);
  Branch->setDesc(TII->get(BRCT));
  MachineInstrBuilder MIB(*Branch->getParent()->getParent(), Branch);
  MIB.add(MI.getOperand(0)).add(MI.getOperand(1)).add(Target);
  // Add a CC def to BRCT(G), since we may have to split them again if the
  // branch displacement overflows.  BRCTH has a 32-bit displacement, so
  // this is not necessary there.
  if (BRCT != SystemZ::BRCTH)
    MIB.addReg(SystemZ::CC, RegState::ImplicitDefine | RegState::Dead);
  MI.eraseFromParent();
  return true;
}

// Compare compares the result of MI against zero.  If MI is a suitable load
// instruction and if CCUsers is a single conditional trap on zero, eliminate
// the load and convert the branch to a load-and-trap.  Return true on success.
bool SystemZElimCompare::convertToLoadAndTrap(
    MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
    SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers) {
  unsigned LATOpcode = TII->getLoadAndTrap(MI.getOpcode());
  if (!LATOpcode)
    return false;

  // Check whether we have a single CondTrap that traps on zero.
  if (CCUsers.size() != 1)
    return false;
  MachineInstr *Branch = CCUsers[0];
  if (Branch->getOpcode() != SystemZ::CondTrap ||
      Branch->getOperand(0).getImm() != SystemZ::CCMASK_ICMP ||
      Branch->getOperand(1).getImm() != SystemZ::CCMASK_CMP_EQ)
    return false;

  // We already know that there are no references to the register between
  // MI and Compare.  Make sure that there are also no references between
  // Compare and Branch.
  unsigned SrcReg = getCompareSourceReg(Compare);
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = Compare, MBBE = Branch;
  for (++MBBI; MBBI != MBBE; ++MBBI)
    if (getRegReferences(*MBBI, SrcReg))
      return false;

  // The transformation is OK.  Rebuild Branch as a load-and-trap.
  while (Branch->getNumOperands())
    Branch->RemoveOperand(0);
  Branch->setDesc(TII->get(LATOpcode));
  MachineInstrBuilder(*Branch->getParent()->getParent(), Branch)
      .add(MI.getOperand(0))
      .add(MI.getOperand(1))
      .add(MI.getOperand(2))
      .add(MI.getOperand(3));
  MI.eraseFromParent();
  return true;
}

// If MI is a load instruction, try to convert it into a LOAD AND TEST.
// Return true on success.
bool SystemZElimCompare::convertToLoadAndTest(MachineInstr &MI) {
  unsigned Opcode = TII->getLoadAndTest(MI.getOpcode());
  if (!Opcode)
    return false;

  MI.setDesc(TII->get(Opcode));
  MachineInstrBuilder(*MI.getParent()->getParent(), MI)
      .addReg(SystemZ::CC, RegState::ImplicitDefine);
  return true;
}

// The CC users in CCUsers are testing the result of a comparison of some
// value X against zero and we know that any CC value produced by MI
// would also reflect the value of X.  Try to adjust CCUsers so that
// they test the result of MI directly, returning true on success.
// Leave everything unchanged on failure.
bool SystemZElimCompare::adjustCCMasksForInstr(
    MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr &Compare,
    SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers) {
  int Opcode = MI.getOpcode();
  const MCInstrDesc &Desc = TII->get(Opcode);
  unsigned MIFlags = Desc.TSFlags;

  // See which compare-style condition codes are available.
  unsigned ReusableCCMask = SystemZII::getCompareZeroCCMask(MIFlags);

  // For unsigned comparisons with zero, only equality makes sense.
  unsigned CompareFlags = Compare.getDesc().TSFlags;
  if (CompareFlags & SystemZII::IsLogical)
    ReusableCCMask &= SystemZ::CCMASK_CMP_EQ;

  if (ReusableCCMask == 0)
    return false;

  unsigned CCValues = SystemZII::getCCValues(MIFlags);
  assert((ReusableCCMask & ~CCValues) == 0 && "Invalid CCValues");

  // Now check whether these flags are enough for all users.
  SmallVector<MachineOperand *, 4> AlterMasks;
  for (unsigned int I = 0, E = CCUsers.size(); I != E; ++I) {
    MachineInstr *MI = CCUsers[I];

    // Fail if this isn't a use of CC that we understand.
    unsigned Flags = MI->getDesc().TSFlags;
    unsigned FirstOpNum;
    if (Flags & SystemZII::CCMaskFirst)
      FirstOpNum = 0;
    else if (Flags & SystemZII::CCMaskLast)
      FirstOpNum = MI->getNumExplicitOperands() - 2;
    else
      return false;

    // Check whether the instruction predicate treats all CC values
    // outside of ReusableCCMask in the same way.  In that case it
    // doesn't matter what those CC values mean.
    unsigned CCValid = MI->getOperand(FirstOpNum).getImm();
    unsigned CCMask = MI->getOperand(FirstOpNum + 1).getImm();
    unsigned OutValid = ~ReusableCCMask & CCValid;
    unsigned OutMask = ~ReusableCCMask & CCMask;
    if (OutMask != 0 && OutMask != OutValid)
      return false;

    AlterMasks.push_back(&MI->getOperand(FirstOpNum));
    AlterMasks.push_back(&MI->getOperand(FirstOpNum + 1));
  }

  // All users are OK.  Adjust the masks for MI.
  for (unsigned I = 0, E = AlterMasks.size(); I != E; I += 2) {
    AlterMasks[I]->setImm(CCValues);
    unsigned CCMask = AlterMasks[I + 1]->getImm();
    if (CCMask & ~ReusableCCMask)
      AlterMasks[I + 1]->setImm((CCMask & ReusableCCMask) |
                                (CCValues & ~ReusableCCMask));
  }

  // CC is now live after MI.
  int CCDef = MI.findRegisterDefOperandIdx(SystemZ::CC, false, true, TRI);
  assert(CCDef >= 0 && "Couldn't find CC set");
  MI.getOperand(CCDef).setIsDead(false);

  // Clear any intervening kills of CC.
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = MI, MBBE = Compare;
  for (++MBBI; MBBI != MBBE; ++MBBI)
    MBBI->clearRegisterKills(SystemZ::CC, TRI);

  return true;
}

// Return true if Compare is a comparison against zero.
static bool isCompareZero(MachineInstr &Compare) {
  switch (Compare.getOpcode()) {
  case SystemZ::LTEBRCompare:
  case SystemZ::LTDBRCompare:
  case SystemZ::LTXBRCompare:
    return true;

  default:
    if (isLoadAndTestAsCmp(Compare))
      return true;
    return Compare.getNumExplicitOperands() == 2 &&
           Compare.getOperand(1).isImm() && Compare.getOperand(1).getImm() == 0;
  }
}

// Try to optimize cases where comparison instruction Compare is testing
// a value against zero.  Return true on success and if Compare should be
// deleted as dead.  CCUsers is the list of instructions that use the CC
// value produced by Compare.
bool SystemZElimCompare::optimizeCompareZero(
    MachineInstr &Compare, SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers) {
  if (!isCompareZero(Compare))
    return false;

  // Search back for CC results that are based on the first operand.
  unsigned SrcReg = getCompareSourceReg(Compare);
  MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *Compare.getParent();
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = Compare, MBBE = MBB.begin();
  Reference CCRefs;
  Reference SrcRefs;
  while (MBBI != MBBE) {
    --MBBI;
    MachineInstr &MI = *MBBI;
    if (resultTests(MI, SrcReg)) {
      // Try to remove both MI and Compare by converting a branch to BRCT(G).
      // or a load-and-trap instruction.  We don't care in this case whether
      // CC is modified between MI and Compare.
      if (!CCRefs.Use && !SrcRefs) {
        if (convertToBRCT(MI, Compare, CCUsers)) {
          BranchOnCounts += 1;
          return true;
        }
        if (convertToLoadAndTrap(MI, Compare, CCUsers)) {
          LoadAndTraps += 1;
          return true;
        }
      }
      // Try to eliminate Compare by reusing a CC result from MI.
      if ((!CCRefs && convertToLoadAndTest(MI)) ||
          (!CCRefs.Def && adjustCCMasksForInstr(MI, Compare, CCUsers))) {
        EliminatedComparisons += 1;
        return true;
      }
    }
    SrcRefs |= getRegReferences(MI, SrcReg);
    if (SrcRefs.Def)
      break;
    CCRefs |= getRegReferences(MI, SystemZ::CC);
    if (CCRefs.Use && CCRefs.Def)
      break;
  }

  // Also do a forward search to handle cases where an instruction after the
  // compare can be converted like
  //
  // LTEBRCompare %F0S, %F0S, %CC<imp-def> LTEBRCompare %F0S, %F0S, %CC<imp-def>
  // %F2S<def> = LER %F0S
  //
  MBBI = Compare, MBBE = MBB.end();
  while (++MBBI != MBBE) {
    MachineInstr &MI = *MBBI;
    if (preservesValueOf(MI, SrcReg)) {
      // Try to eliminate Compare by reusing a CC result from MI.
      if (convertToLoadAndTest(MI)) {
        EliminatedComparisons += 1;
        return true;
      }
    }
    if (getRegReferences(MI, SrcReg).Def)
      return false;
    if (getRegReferences(MI, SystemZ::CC))
      return false;
  }

  return false;
}

// Try to fuse comparison instruction Compare into a later branch.
// Return true on success and if Compare is therefore redundant.
bool SystemZElimCompare::fuseCompareOperations(
    MachineInstr &Compare, SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CCUsers) {
  // See whether we have a single branch with which to fuse.
  if (CCUsers.size() != 1)
    return false;
  MachineInstr *Branch = CCUsers[0];
  SystemZII::FusedCompareType Type;
  switch (Branch->getOpcode()) {
  case SystemZ::BRC:
    Type = SystemZII::CompareAndBranch;
    break;
  case SystemZ::CondReturn:
    Type = SystemZII::CompareAndReturn;
    break;
  case SystemZ::CallBCR:
    Type = SystemZII::CompareAndSibcall;
    break;
  case SystemZ::CondTrap:
    Type = SystemZII::CompareAndTrap;
    break;
  default:
    return false;
  }

  // See whether we have a comparison that can be fused.
  unsigned FusedOpcode =
      TII->getFusedCompare(Compare.getOpcode(), Type, &Compare);
  if (!FusedOpcode)
    return false;

  // Make sure that the operands are available at the branch.
  // SrcReg2 is the register if the source operand is a register,
  // 0 if the source operand is immediate, and the base register
  // if the source operand is memory (index is not supported).
  unsigned SrcReg = Compare.getOperand(0).getReg();
  unsigned SrcReg2 =
      Compare.getOperand(1).isReg() ? Compare.getOperand(1).getReg() : 0;
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = Compare, MBBE = Branch;
  for (++MBBI; MBBI != MBBE; ++MBBI)
    if (MBBI->modifiesRegister(SrcReg, TRI) ||
        (SrcReg2 && MBBI->modifiesRegister(SrcReg2, TRI)))
      return false;

  // Read the branch mask, target (if applicable), regmask (if applicable).
  MachineOperand CCMask(MBBI->getOperand(1));
  assert((CCMask.getImm() & ~SystemZ::CCMASK_ICMP) == 0 &&
         "Invalid condition-code mask for integer comparison");
  // This is only valid for CompareAndBranch.
  MachineOperand Target(MBBI->getOperand(
    Type == SystemZII::CompareAndBranch ? 2 : 0));
  const uint32_t *RegMask;
  if (Type == SystemZII::CompareAndSibcall)
    RegMask = MBBI->getOperand(2).getRegMask();

  // Clear out all current operands.
  int CCUse = MBBI->findRegisterUseOperandIdx(SystemZ::CC, false, TRI);
  assert(CCUse >= 0 && "BRC/BCR must use CC");
  Branch->RemoveOperand(CCUse);
  // Remove target (branch) or regmask (sibcall).
  if (Type == SystemZII::CompareAndBranch ||
      Type == SystemZII::CompareAndSibcall)
    Branch->RemoveOperand(2);
  Branch->RemoveOperand(1);
  Branch->RemoveOperand(0);

  // Rebuild Branch as a fused compare and branch.
  // SrcNOps is the number of MI operands of the compare instruction
  // that we need to copy over.
  unsigned SrcNOps = 2;
  if (FusedOpcode == SystemZ::CLT || FusedOpcode == SystemZ::CLGT)
    SrcNOps = 3;
  Branch->setDesc(TII->get(FusedOpcode));
  MachineInstrBuilder MIB(*Branch->getParent()->getParent(), Branch);
  for (unsigned I = 0; I < SrcNOps; I++)
    MIB.add(Compare.getOperand(I));
  MIB.add(CCMask);

  if (Type == SystemZII::CompareAndBranch) {
    // Only conditional branches define CC, as they may be converted back
    // to a non-fused branch because of a long displacement.  Conditional
    // returns don't have that problem.
    MIB.add(Target).addReg(SystemZ::CC,
                           RegState::ImplicitDefine | RegState::Dead);
  }

  if (Type == SystemZII::CompareAndSibcall)
    MIB.addRegMask(RegMask);

  // Clear any intervening kills of SrcReg and SrcReg2.
  MBBI = Compare;
  for (++MBBI; MBBI != MBBE; ++MBBI) {
    MBBI->clearRegisterKills(SrcReg, TRI);
    if (SrcReg2)
      MBBI->clearRegisterKills(SrcReg2, TRI);
  }
  FusedComparisons += 1;
  return true;
}

// Process all comparison instructions in MBB.  Return true if something
// changed.
bool SystemZElimCompare::processBlock(MachineBasicBlock &MBB) {
  bool Changed = false;

  // Walk backwards through the block looking for comparisons, recording
  // all CC users as we go.  The subroutines can delete Compare and
  // instructions before it.
  bool CompleteCCUsers = !isCCLiveOut(MBB);
  SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 4> CCUsers;
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator MBBI = MBB.end();
  while (MBBI != MBB.begin()) {
    MachineInstr &MI = *--MBBI;
    if (CompleteCCUsers && (MI.isCompare() || isLoadAndTestAsCmp(MI)) &&
        (optimizeCompareZero(MI, CCUsers) ||
         fuseCompareOperations(MI, CCUsers))) {
      ++MBBI;
      MI.eraseFromParent();
      Changed = true;
      CCUsers.clear();
      continue;
    }

    if (MI.definesRegister(SystemZ::CC)) {
      CCUsers.clear();
      CompleteCCUsers = true;
    }
    if (MI.readsRegister(SystemZ::CC) && CompleteCCUsers)
      CCUsers.push_back(&MI);
  }
  return Changed;
}

bool SystemZElimCompare::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &F) {
  if (skipFunction(*F.getFunction()))
    return false;

  TII = static_cast<const SystemZInstrInfo *>(F.getSubtarget().getInstrInfo());
  TRI = &TII->getRegisterInfo();

  bool Changed = false;
  for (auto &MBB : F)
    Changed |= processBlock(MBB);

  return Changed;
}

FunctionPass *llvm::createSystemZElimComparePass(SystemZTargetMachine &TM) {
  return new SystemZElimCompare(TM);
}