1 //===-- RISCVAsmBackend.cpp - RISCV Assembler Backend ---------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "RISCVAsmBackend.h"
10 #include "RISCVMCExpr.h"
11 #include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
12 #include "llvm/MC/MCAssembler.h"
13 #include "llvm/MC/MCContext.h"
14 #include "llvm/MC/MCDirectives.h"
15 #include "llvm/MC/MCELFObjectWriter.h"
16 #include "llvm/MC/MCExpr.h"
17 #include "llvm/MC/MCObjectWriter.h"
18 #include "llvm/MC/MCSymbol.h"
19 #include "llvm/MC/MCValue.h"
20 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
21 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
22 
23 using namespace llvm;
24 
25 // If linker relaxation is enabled, or the relax option had previously been
26 // enabled, always emit relocations even if the fixup can be resolved. This is
27 // necessary for correctness as offsets may change during relaxation.
28 bool RISCVAsmBackend::shouldForceRelocation(const MCAssembler &Asm,
29                                             const MCFixup &Fixup,
30                                             const MCValue &Target) {
31   bool ShouldForce = false;
32 
33   switch ((unsigned)Fixup.getKind()) {
34   default:
35     break;
36   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_got_hi20:
37   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_got_hi20:
38   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_gd_hi20:
39     return true;
40   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_lo12_i:
41   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_lo12_s:
42     // For pcrel_lo12, force a relocation if the target of the corresponding
43     // pcrel_hi20 is not in the same fragment.
44     const MCFixup *T = cast<RISCVMCExpr>(Fixup.getValue())->getPCRelHiFixup();
45     if (!T) {
46       Asm.getContext().reportError(Fixup.getLoc(),
47                                    "could not find corresponding %pcrel_hi");
48       return false;
49     }
50 
51     switch ((unsigned)T->getKind()) {
52     default:
53       llvm_unreachable("Unexpected fixup kind for pcrel_lo12");
54       break;
55     case RISCV::fixup_riscv_got_hi20:
56     case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_got_hi20:
57     case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_gd_hi20:
58       ShouldForce = true;
59       break;
60     case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_hi20:
61       ShouldForce = T->getValue()->findAssociatedFragment() !=
62                     Fixup.getValue()->findAssociatedFragment();
63       break;
64     }
65     break;
66   }
67 
68   return ShouldForce || STI.getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureRelax] ||
69          ForceRelocs;
70 }
71 
72 bool RISCVAsmBackend::fixupNeedsRelaxationAdvanced(const MCFixup &Fixup,
73                                                    bool Resolved,
74                                                    uint64_t Value,
75                                                    const MCRelaxableFragment *DF,
76                                                    const MCAsmLayout &Layout,
77                                                    const bool WasForced) const {
78   // Return true if the symbol is actually unresolved.
79   // Resolved could be always false when shouldForceRelocation return true.
80   // We use !WasForced to indicate that the symbol is unresolved and not forced
81   // by shouldForceRelocation.
82   if (!Resolved && !WasForced)
83     return true;
84 
85   int64_t Offset = int64_t(Value);
86   switch ((unsigned)Fixup.getKind()) {
87   default:
88     return false;
89   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_rvc_branch:
90     // For compressed branch instructions the immediate must be
91     // in the range [-256, 254].
92     return Offset > 254 || Offset < -256;
93   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_rvc_jump:
94     // For compressed jump instructions the immediate must be
95     // in the range [-2048, 2046].
96     return Offset > 2046 || Offset < -2048;
97   }
98 }
99 
100 void RISCVAsmBackend::relaxInstruction(const MCInst &Inst,
101                                        const MCSubtargetInfo &STI,
102                                        MCInst &Res) const {
103   // TODO: replace this with call to auto generated uncompressinstr() function.
104   switch (Inst.getOpcode()) {
105   default:
106     llvm_unreachable("Opcode not expected!");
107   case RISCV::C_BEQZ:
108     // c.beqz $rs1, $imm -> beq $rs1, X0, $imm.
109     Res.setOpcode(RISCV::BEQ);
110     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(0));
111     Res.addOperand(MCOperand::createReg(RISCV::X0));
112     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(1));
113     break;
114   case RISCV::C_BNEZ:
115     // c.bnez $rs1, $imm -> bne $rs1, X0, $imm.
116     Res.setOpcode(RISCV::BNE);
117     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(0));
118     Res.addOperand(MCOperand::createReg(RISCV::X0));
119     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(1));
120     break;
121   case RISCV::C_J:
122     // c.j $imm -> jal X0, $imm.
123     Res.setOpcode(RISCV::JAL);
124     Res.addOperand(MCOperand::createReg(RISCV::X0));
125     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(0));
126     break;
127   case RISCV::C_JAL:
128     // c.jal $imm -> jal X1, $imm.
129     Res.setOpcode(RISCV::JAL);
130     Res.addOperand(MCOperand::createReg(RISCV::X1));
131     Res.addOperand(Inst.getOperand(0));
132     break;
133   }
134 }
135 
136 // Given a compressed control flow instruction this function returns
137 // the expanded instruction.
138 unsigned RISCVAsmBackend::getRelaxedOpcode(unsigned Op) const {
139   switch (Op) {
140   default:
141     return Op;
142   case RISCV::C_BEQZ:
143     return RISCV::BEQ;
144   case RISCV::C_BNEZ:
145     return RISCV::BNE;
146   case RISCV::C_J:
147   case RISCV::C_JAL: // fall through.
148     return RISCV::JAL;
149   }
150 }
151 
152 bool RISCVAsmBackend::mayNeedRelaxation(const MCInst &Inst,
153                                         const MCSubtargetInfo &STI) const {
154   return getRelaxedOpcode(Inst.getOpcode()) != Inst.getOpcode();
155 }
156 
157 bool RISCVAsmBackend::writeNopData(raw_ostream &OS, uint64_t Count) const {
158   bool HasStdExtC = STI.getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureStdExtC];
159   unsigned MinNopLen = HasStdExtC ? 2 : 4;
160 
161   if ((Count % MinNopLen) != 0)
162     return false;
163 
164   // The canonical nop on RISC-V is addi x0, x0, 0.
165   uint64_t Nop32Count = Count / 4;
166   for (uint64_t i = Nop32Count; i != 0; --i)
167     OS.write("\x13\0\0\0", 4);
168 
169   // The canonical nop on RVC is c.nop.
170   if (HasStdExtC) {
171     uint64_t Nop16Count = (Count - Nop32Count * 4) / 2;
172     for (uint64_t i = Nop16Count; i != 0; --i)
173       OS.write("\x01\0", 2);
174   }
175 
176   return true;
177 }
178 
179 static uint64_t adjustFixupValue(const MCFixup &Fixup, uint64_t Value,
180                                  MCContext &Ctx) {
181   unsigned Kind = Fixup.getKind();
182   switch (Kind) {
183   default:
184     llvm_unreachable("Unknown fixup kind!");
185   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_got_hi20:
186   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_got_hi20:
187   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tls_gd_hi20:
188     llvm_unreachable("Relocation should be unconditionally forced\n");
189   case FK_Data_1:
190   case FK_Data_2:
191   case FK_Data_4:
192   case FK_Data_8:
193     return Value;
194   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_lo12_i:
195   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_lo12_i:
196   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tprel_lo12_i:
197     return Value & 0xfff;
198   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_lo12_s:
199   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_lo12_s:
200   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tprel_lo12_s:
201     return (((Value >> 5) & 0x7f) << 25) | ((Value & 0x1f) << 7);
202   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_hi20:
203   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_pcrel_hi20:
204   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_tprel_hi20:
205     // Add 1 if bit 11 is 1, to compensate for low 12 bits being negative.
206     return ((Value + 0x800) >> 12) & 0xfffff;
207   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_jal: {
208     if (!isInt<21>(Value))
209       Ctx.reportError(Fixup.getLoc(), "fixup value out of range");
210     if (Value & 0x1)
211       Ctx.reportError(Fixup.getLoc(), "fixup value must be 2-byte aligned");
212     // Need to produce imm[19|10:1|11|19:12] from the 21-bit Value.
213     unsigned Sbit = (Value >> 20) & 0x1;
214     unsigned Hi8 = (Value >> 12) & 0xff;
215     unsigned Mid1 = (Value >> 11) & 0x1;
216     unsigned Lo10 = (Value >> 1) & 0x3ff;
217     // Inst{31} = Sbit;
218     // Inst{30-21} = Lo10;
219     // Inst{20} = Mid1;
220     // Inst{19-12} = Hi8;
221     Value = (Sbit << 19) | (Lo10 << 9) | (Mid1 << 8) | Hi8;
222     return Value;
223   }
224   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_branch: {
225     if (!isInt<13>(Value))
226       Ctx.reportError(Fixup.getLoc(), "fixup value out of range");
227     if (Value & 0x1)
228       Ctx.reportError(Fixup.getLoc(), "fixup value must be 2-byte aligned");
229     // Need to extract imm[12], imm[10:5], imm[4:1], imm[11] from the 13-bit
230     // Value.
231     unsigned Sbit = (Value >> 12) & 0x1;
232     unsigned Hi1 = (Value >> 11) & 0x1;
233     unsigned Mid6 = (Value >> 5) & 0x3f;
234     unsigned Lo4 = (Value >> 1) & 0xf;
235     // Inst{31} = Sbit;
236     // Inst{30-25} = Mid6;
237     // Inst{11-8} = Lo4;
238     // Inst{7} = Hi1;
239     Value = (Sbit << 31) | (Mid6 << 25) | (Lo4 << 8) | (Hi1 << 7);
240     return Value;
241   }
242   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_call:
243   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_call_plt: {
244     // Jalr will add UpperImm with the sign-extended 12-bit LowerImm,
245     // we need to add 0x800ULL before extract upper bits to reflect the
246     // effect of the sign extension.
247     uint64_t UpperImm = (Value + 0x800ULL) & 0xfffff000ULL;
248     uint64_t LowerImm = Value & 0xfffULL;
249     return UpperImm | ((LowerImm << 20) << 32);
250   }
251   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_rvc_jump: {
252     // Need to produce offset[11|4|9:8|10|6|7|3:1|5] from the 11-bit Value.
253     unsigned Bit11  = (Value >> 11) & 0x1;
254     unsigned Bit4   = (Value >> 4) & 0x1;
255     unsigned Bit9_8 = (Value >> 8) & 0x3;
256     unsigned Bit10  = (Value >> 10) & 0x1;
257     unsigned Bit6   = (Value >> 6) & 0x1;
258     unsigned Bit7   = (Value >> 7) & 0x1;
259     unsigned Bit3_1 = (Value >> 1) & 0x7;
260     unsigned Bit5   = (Value >> 5) & 0x1;
261     Value = (Bit11 << 10) | (Bit4 << 9) | (Bit9_8 << 7) | (Bit10 << 6) |
262             (Bit6 << 5) | (Bit7 << 4) | (Bit3_1 << 1) | Bit5;
263     return Value;
264   }
265   case RISCV::fixup_riscv_rvc_branch: {
266     // Need to produce offset[8|4:3], [reg 3 bit], offset[7:6|2:1|5]
267     unsigned Bit8   = (Value >> 8) & 0x1;
268     unsigned Bit7_6 = (Value >> 6) & 0x3;
269     unsigned Bit5   = (Value >> 5) & 0x1;
270     unsigned Bit4_3 = (Value >> 3) & 0x3;
271     unsigned Bit2_1 = (Value >> 1) & 0x3;
272     Value = (Bit8 << 12) | (Bit4_3 << 10) | (Bit7_6 << 5) | (Bit2_1 << 3) |
273             (Bit5 << 2);
274     return Value;
275   }
276 
277   }
278 }
279 
280 void RISCVAsmBackend::applyFixup(const MCAssembler &Asm, const MCFixup &Fixup,
281                                  const MCValue &Target,
282                                  MutableArrayRef<char> Data, uint64_t Value,
283                                  bool IsResolved,
284                                  const MCSubtargetInfo *STI) const {
285   MCContext &Ctx = Asm.getContext();
286   MCFixupKindInfo Info = getFixupKindInfo(Fixup.getKind());
287   if (!Value)
288     return; // Doesn't change encoding.
289   // Apply any target-specific value adjustments.
290   Value = adjustFixupValue(Fixup, Value, Ctx);
291 
292   // Shift the value into position.
293   Value <<= Info.TargetOffset;
294 
295   unsigned Offset = Fixup.getOffset();
296   unsigned NumBytes = alignTo(Info.TargetSize + Info.TargetOffset, 8) / 8;
297 
298   assert(Offset + NumBytes <= Data.size() && "Invalid fixup offset!");
299 
300   // For each byte of the fragment that the fixup touches, mask in the
301   // bits from the fixup value.
302   for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumBytes; ++i) {
303     Data[Offset + i] |= uint8_t((Value >> (i * 8)) & 0xff);
304   }
305 }
306 
307 // Linker relaxation may change code size. We have to insert Nops
308 // for .align directive when linker relaxation enabled. So then Linker
309 // could satisfy alignment by removing Nops.
310 // The function return the total Nops Size we need to insert.
311 bool RISCVAsmBackend::shouldInsertExtraNopBytesForCodeAlign(
312     const MCAlignFragment &AF, unsigned &Size) {
313   // Calculate Nops Size only when linker relaxation enabled.
314   if (!STI.getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureRelax])
315     return false;
316 
317   bool HasStdExtC = STI.getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureStdExtC];
318   unsigned MinNopLen = HasStdExtC ? 2 : 4;
319 
320   Size = AF.getAlignment() - MinNopLen;
321   return true;
322 }
323 
324 // We need to insert R_RISCV_ALIGN relocation type to indicate the
325 // position of Nops and the total bytes of the Nops have been inserted
326 // when linker relaxation enabled.
327 // The function insert fixup_riscv_align fixup which eventually will
328 // transfer to R_RISCV_ALIGN relocation type.
329 bool RISCVAsmBackend::shouldInsertFixupForCodeAlign(MCAssembler &Asm,
330                                                     const MCAsmLayout &Layout,
331                                                     MCAlignFragment &AF) {
332   // Insert the fixup only when linker relaxation enabled.
333   if (!STI.getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureRelax])
334     return false;
335 
336   // Calculate total Nops we need to insert.
337   unsigned Count;
338   shouldInsertExtraNopBytesForCodeAlign(AF, Count);
339   // No Nop need to insert, simply return.
340   if (Count == 0)
341     return false;
342 
343   MCContext &Ctx = Asm.getContext();
344   const MCExpr *Dummy = MCConstantExpr::create(0, Ctx);
345   // Create fixup_riscv_align fixup.
346   MCFixup Fixup =
347       MCFixup::create(0, Dummy, MCFixupKind(RISCV::fixup_riscv_align), SMLoc());
348 
349   uint64_t FixedValue = 0;
350   MCValue NopBytes = MCValue::get(Count);
351 
352   Asm.getWriter().recordRelocation(Asm, Layout, &AF, Fixup, NopBytes,
353                                    FixedValue);
354 
355   return true;
356 }
357 
358 std::unique_ptr<MCObjectTargetWriter>
359 RISCVAsmBackend::createObjectTargetWriter() const {
360   return createRISCVELFObjectWriter(OSABI, Is64Bit);
361 }
362 
363 MCAsmBackend *llvm::createRISCVAsmBackend(const Target &T,
364                                           const MCSubtargetInfo &STI,
365                                           const MCRegisterInfo &MRI,
366                                           const MCTargetOptions &Options) {
367   const Triple &TT = STI.getTargetTriple();
368   uint8_t OSABI = MCELFObjectTargetWriter::getOSABI(TT.getOS());
369   return new RISCVAsmBackend(STI, OSABI, TT.isArch64Bit(), Options);
370 }
371