1 //===- CodeViewYAMLSymbols.cpp - CodeView YAMLIO Symbol implementation ----===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // This file defines classes for handling the YAML representation of CodeView
11 // Debug Info.
12 //
13 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
14 
15 #include "llvm/ObjectYAML/CodeViewYAMLSymbols.h"
16 #include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
17 #include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
18 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/CVTypeVisitor.h"
19 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/CodeViewError.h"
20 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/EnumTables.h"
21 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/SymbolDeserializer.h"
22 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/SymbolSerializer.h"
23 
24 using namespace llvm;
25 using namespace llvm::codeview;
26 using namespace llvm::CodeViewYAML;
27 using namespace llvm::CodeViewYAML::detail;
28 using namespace llvm::yaml;
29 
30 LLVM_YAML_IS_SEQUENCE_VECTOR(StringRef)
31 LLVM_YAML_IS_FLOW_SEQUENCE_VECTOR(TypeIndex)
32 
33 // We only need to declare these, the definitions are in CodeViewYAMLTypes.cpp
34 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_SCALAR_TRAITS(APSInt, false)
35 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_SCALAR_TRAITS(TypeIndex, false)
36 
37 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_ENUM_TRAITS(SymbolKind)
38 
39 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(CompileSym2Flags)
40 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(CompileSym3Flags)
41 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(ExportFlags)
42 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(LocalSymFlags)
43 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(ProcSymFlags)
44 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_BITSET_TRAITS(FrameProcedureOptions)
45 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_ENUM_TRAITS(CPUType)
46 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_ENUM_TRAITS(RegisterId)
47 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_ENUM_TRAITS(TrampolineType)
48 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_ENUM_TRAITS(ThunkOrdinal)
49 
50 LLVM_YAML_STRONG_TYPEDEF(llvm::StringRef, TypeName)
51 
52 LLVM_YAML_DECLARE_SCALAR_TRAITS(TypeName, true)
53 
54 StringRef ScalarTraits<TypeName>::input(StringRef S, void *V, TypeName &T) {
55   return ScalarTraits<StringRef>::input(S, V, T.value);
56 }
57 void ScalarTraits<TypeName>::output(const TypeName &T, void *V,
58                                     llvm::raw_ostream &R) {
59   ScalarTraits<StringRef>::output(T.value, V, R);
60 }
61 
62 void ScalarEnumerationTraits<SymbolKind>::enumeration(IO &io,
63                                                       SymbolKind &Value) {
64   auto SymbolNames = getSymbolTypeNames();
65   for (const auto &E : SymbolNames)
66     io.enumCase(Value, E.Name.str().c_str(), E.Value);
67 }
68 
69 void ScalarBitSetTraits<CompileSym2Flags>::bitset(IO &io,
70                                                   CompileSym2Flags &Flags) {
71   auto FlagNames = getCompileSym2FlagNames();
72   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
73     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
74                   static_cast<CompileSym2Flags>(E.Value));
75   }
76 }
77 
78 void ScalarBitSetTraits<CompileSym3Flags>::bitset(IO &io,
79                                                   CompileSym3Flags &Flags) {
80   auto FlagNames = getCompileSym3FlagNames();
81   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
82     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
83                   static_cast<CompileSym3Flags>(E.Value));
84   }
85 }
86 
87 void ScalarBitSetTraits<ExportFlags>::bitset(IO &io, ExportFlags &Flags) {
88   auto FlagNames = getExportSymFlagNames();
89   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
90     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
91                   static_cast<ExportFlags>(E.Value));
92   }
93 }
94 
95 void ScalarBitSetTraits<LocalSymFlags>::bitset(IO &io, LocalSymFlags &Flags) {
96   auto FlagNames = getLocalFlagNames();
97   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
98     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
99                   static_cast<LocalSymFlags>(E.Value));
100   }
101 }
102 
103 void ScalarBitSetTraits<ProcSymFlags>::bitset(IO &io, ProcSymFlags &Flags) {
104   auto FlagNames = getProcSymFlagNames();
105   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
106     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
107                   static_cast<ProcSymFlags>(E.Value));
108   }
109 }
110 
111 void ScalarBitSetTraits<FrameProcedureOptions>::bitset(
112     IO &io, FrameProcedureOptions &Flags) {
113   auto FlagNames = getFrameProcSymFlagNames();
114   for (const auto &E : FlagNames) {
115     io.bitSetCase(Flags, E.Name.str().c_str(),
116                   static_cast<FrameProcedureOptions>(E.Value));
117   }
118 }
119 
120 void ScalarEnumerationTraits<CPUType>::enumeration(IO &io, CPUType &Cpu) {
121   auto CpuNames = getCPUTypeNames();
122   for (const auto &E : CpuNames) {
123     io.enumCase(Cpu, E.Name.str().c_str(), static_cast<CPUType>(E.Value));
124   }
125 }
126 
127 void ScalarEnumerationTraits<RegisterId>::enumeration(IO &io, RegisterId &Reg) {
128   auto RegNames = getRegisterNames();
129   for (const auto &E : RegNames) {
130     io.enumCase(Reg, E.Name.str().c_str(), static_cast<RegisterId>(E.Value));
131   }
132   io.enumFallback<Hex16>(Reg);
133 }
134 
135 void ScalarEnumerationTraits<TrampolineType>::enumeration(
136     IO &io, TrampolineType &Tramp) {
137   auto TrampNames = getTrampolineNames();
138   for (const auto &E : TrampNames) {
139     io.enumCase(Tramp, E.Name.str().c_str(),
140                 static_cast<TrampolineType>(E.Value));
141   }
142 }
143 
144 void ScalarEnumerationTraits<ThunkOrdinal>::enumeration(IO &io,
145                                                         ThunkOrdinal &Ord) {
146   auto ThunkNames = getThunkOrdinalNames();
147   for (const auto &E : ThunkNames) {
148     io.enumCase(Ord, E.Name.str().c_str(), static_cast<ThunkOrdinal>(E.Value));
149   }
150 }
151 
152 namespace llvm {
153 namespace CodeViewYAML {
154 namespace detail {
155 
156 struct SymbolRecordBase {
157   codeview::SymbolKind Kind;
158   explicit SymbolRecordBase(codeview::SymbolKind K) : Kind(K) {}
159 
160   virtual ~SymbolRecordBase() {}
161   virtual void map(yaml::IO &io) = 0;
162   virtual codeview::CVSymbol
163   toCodeViewSymbol(BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator,
164                    CodeViewContainer Container) const = 0;
165   virtual Error fromCodeViewSymbol(codeview::CVSymbol Type) = 0;
166 };
167 
168 template <typename T> struct SymbolRecordImpl : public SymbolRecordBase {
169   explicit SymbolRecordImpl(codeview::SymbolKind K)
170       : SymbolRecordBase(K), Symbol(static_cast<SymbolRecordKind>(K)) {}
171 
172   void map(yaml::IO &io) override;
173 
174   codeview::CVSymbol
175   toCodeViewSymbol(BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator,
176                    CodeViewContainer Container) const override {
177     return SymbolSerializer::writeOneSymbol(Symbol, Allocator, Container);
178   }
179   Error fromCodeViewSymbol(codeview::CVSymbol CVS) override {
180     return SymbolDeserializer::deserializeAs<T>(CVS, Symbol);
181   }
182 
183   mutable T Symbol;
184 };
185 
186 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ScopeEndSym>::map(IO &IO) {}
187 
188 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<Thunk32Sym>::map(IO &IO) {
189   IO.mapRequired("Parent", Symbol.Parent);
190   IO.mapRequired("End", Symbol.End);
191   IO.mapRequired("Next", Symbol.Next);
192   IO.mapRequired("Off", Symbol.Offset);
193   IO.mapRequired("Seg", Symbol.Segment);
194   IO.mapRequired("Len", Symbol.Length);
195   IO.mapRequired("Ordinal", Symbol.Thunk);
196 }
197 
198 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<TrampolineSym>::map(IO &IO) {
199   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
200   IO.mapRequired("Size", Symbol.Size);
201   IO.mapRequired("ThunkOff", Symbol.ThunkOffset);
202   IO.mapRequired("TargetOff", Symbol.TargetOffset);
203   IO.mapRequired("ThunkSection", Symbol.ThunkSection);
204   IO.mapRequired("TargetSection", Symbol.TargetSection);
205 }
206 
207 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<SectionSym>::map(IO &IO) {
208   IO.mapRequired("SectionNumber", Symbol.SectionNumber);
209   IO.mapRequired("Alignment", Symbol.Alignment);
210   IO.mapRequired("Rva", Symbol.Rva);
211   IO.mapRequired("Length", Symbol.Length);
212   IO.mapRequired("Characteristics", Symbol.Characteristics);
213   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
214 }
215 
216 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<CoffGroupSym>::map(IO &IO) {
217   IO.mapRequired("Size", Symbol.Size);
218   IO.mapRequired("Characteristics", Symbol.Characteristics);
219   IO.mapRequired("Offset", Symbol.Offset);
220   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
221   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
222 }
223 
224 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ExportSym>::map(IO &IO) {
225   IO.mapRequired("Ordinal", Symbol.Ordinal);
226   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
227   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
228 }
229 
230 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ProcSym>::map(IO &IO) {
231   // TODO: Print the linkage name
232 
233   IO.mapRequired("PtrParent", Symbol.Parent);
234   IO.mapRequired("PtrEnd", Symbol.End);
235   IO.mapRequired("PtrNext", Symbol.Next);
236   IO.mapRequired("CodeSize", Symbol.CodeSize);
237   IO.mapRequired("DbgStart", Symbol.DbgStart);
238   IO.mapRequired("DbgEnd", Symbol.DbgEnd);
239   IO.mapRequired("FunctionType", Symbol.FunctionType);
240   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
241   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
242   IO.mapRequired("DisplayName", Symbol.Name);
243 }
244 
245 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<RegisterSym>::map(IO &IO) {
246   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Index);
247   IO.mapRequired("Seg", Symbol.Register);
248   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
249 }
250 
251 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<PublicSym32>::map(IO &IO) {
252   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Index);
253   IO.mapRequired("Seg", Symbol.Segment);
254   IO.mapRequired("Off", Symbol.Offset);
255   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
256 }
257 
258 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ProcRefSym>::map(IO &IO) {
259   IO.mapRequired("SumName", Symbol.SumName);
260   IO.mapRequired("SymOffset", Symbol.SymOffset);
261   IO.mapRequired("Mod", Symbol.Module);
262   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
263 }
264 
265 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<EnvBlockSym>::map(IO &IO) {
266   IO.mapRequired("Entries", Symbol.Fields);
267 }
268 
269 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<InlineSiteSym>::map(IO &IO) {
270   IO.mapRequired("PtrParent", Symbol.Parent);
271   IO.mapRequired("PtrEnd", Symbol.End);
272   IO.mapRequired("Inlinee", Symbol.Inlinee);
273   // TODO: The binary annotations
274 }
275 
276 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<LocalSym>::map(IO &IO) {
277   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
278   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
279 
280   IO.mapRequired("VarName", Symbol.Name);
281 }
282 
283 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeSym>::map(IO &IO) {
284   // TODO: Print the subfields
285 }
286 
287 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeSubfieldSym>::map(IO &IO) {
288   // TODO: Print the subfields
289 }
290 
291 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeRegisterSym>::map(IO &IO) {
292   // TODO: Print the subfields
293 }
294 
295 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeFramePointerRelSym>::map(IO &IO) {
296   // TODO: Print the subfields
297 }
298 
299 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeSubfieldRegisterSym>::map(IO &IO) {
300   // TODO: Print the subfields
301 }
302 
303 template <>
304 void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeFramePointerRelFullScopeSym>::map(IO &IO) {
305   // TODO: Print the subfields
306 }
307 
308 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DefRangeRegisterRelSym>::map(IO &IO) {
309   // TODO: Print the subfields
310 }
311 
312 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<BlockSym>::map(IO &IO) {
313   // TODO: Print the linkage name
314   IO.mapRequired("PtrParent", Symbol.Parent);
315   IO.mapRequired("PtrEnd", Symbol.End);
316   IO.mapRequired("CodeSize", Symbol.CodeSize);
317   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
318   IO.mapRequired("BlockName", Symbol.Name);
319 }
320 
321 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<LabelSym>::map(IO &IO) {
322   // TODO: Print the linkage name
323   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
324   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
325   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
326   IO.mapRequired("DisplayName", Symbol.Name);
327 }
328 
329 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ObjNameSym>::map(IO &IO) {
330   IO.mapRequired("Signature", Symbol.Signature);
331   IO.mapRequired("ObjectName", Symbol.Name);
332 }
333 
334 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<Compile2Sym>::map(IO &IO) {
335   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
336   IO.mapRequired("Machine", Symbol.Machine);
337   IO.mapRequired("FrontendMajor", Symbol.VersionFrontendMajor);
338   IO.mapRequired("FrontendMinor", Symbol.VersionFrontendMinor);
339   IO.mapRequired("FrontendBuild", Symbol.VersionFrontendBuild);
340   IO.mapRequired("BackendMajor", Symbol.VersionBackendMajor);
341   IO.mapRequired("BackendMinor", Symbol.VersionBackendMinor);
342   IO.mapRequired("BackendBuild", Symbol.VersionBackendBuild);
343   IO.mapRequired("Version", Symbol.Version);
344 }
345 
346 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<Compile3Sym>::map(IO &IO) {
347   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
348   IO.mapRequired("Machine", Symbol.Machine);
349   IO.mapRequired("FrontendMajor", Symbol.VersionFrontendMajor);
350   IO.mapRequired("FrontendMinor", Symbol.VersionFrontendMinor);
351   IO.mapRequired("FrontendBuild", Symbol.VersionFrontendBuild);
352   IO.mapRequired("FrontendQFE", Symbol.VersionFrontendQFE);
353   IO.mapRequired("BackendMajor", Symbol.VersionBackendMajor);
354   IO.mapRequired("BackendMinor", Symbol.VersionBackendMinor);
355   IO.mapRequired("BackendBuild", Symbol.VersionBackendBuild);
356   IO.mapRequired("BackendQFE", Symbol.VersionBackendQFE);
357   IO.mapRequired("Version", Symbol.Version);
358 }
359 
360 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<FrameProcSym>::map(IO &IO) {
361   IO.mapRequired("TotalFrameBytes", Symbol.TotalFrameBytes);
362   IO.mapRequired("PaddingFrameBytes", Symbol.PaddingFrameBytes);
363   IO.mapRequired("OffsetToPadding", Symbol.OffsetToPadding);
364   IO.mapRequired("BytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters",
365                  Symbol.BytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters);
366   IO.mapRequired("OffsetOfExceptionHandler", Symbol.OffsetOfExceptionHandler);
367   IO.mapRequired("SectionIdOfExceptionHandler",
368                  Symbol.SectionIdOfExceptionHandler);
369   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
370 }
371 
372 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<CallSiteInfoSym>::map(IO &IO) {
373   // TODO: Map Linkage Name
374   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
375   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
376 }
377 
378 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<FileStaticSym>::map(IO &IO) {
379   IO.mapRequired("Index", Symbol.Index);
380   IO.mapRequired("ModFilenameOffset", Symbol.ModFilenameOffset);
381   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
382   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
383 }
384 
385 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<HeapAllocationSiteSym>::map(IO &IO) {
386   // TODO: Map Linkage Name
387   IO.mapRequired("Segment", Symbol.Segment);
388   IO.mapRequired("CallInstructionSize", Symbol.CallInstructionSize);
389   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
390 }
391 
392 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<FrameCookieSym>::map(IO &IO) {
393   // TODO: Map Linkage Name
394   IO.mapRequired("Register", Symbol.Register);
395   IO.mapRequired("CookieKind", Symbol.CookieKind);
396   IO.mapRequired("Flags", Symbol.Flags);
397 }
398 
399 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<CallerSym>::map(IO &IO) {
400   IO.mapRequired("FuncID", Symbol.Indices);
401 }
402 
403 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<UDTSym>::map(IO &IO) {
404   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
405   IO.mapRequired("UDTName", Symbol.Name);
406 }
407 
408 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<BuildInfoSym>::map(IO &IO) {
409   IO.mapRequired("BuildId", Symbol.BuildId);
410 }
411 
412 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<BPRelativeSym>::map(IO &IO) {
413   IO.mapRequired("Offset", Symbol.Offset);
414   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
415   IO.mapRequired("VarName", Symbol.Name);
416 }
417 
418 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<RegRelativeSym>::map(IO &IO) {
419   IO.mapRequired("Offset", Symbol.Offset);
420   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
421   IO.mapRequired("Register", Symbol.Register);
422   IO.mapRequired("VarName", Symbol.Name);
423 }
424 
425 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ConstantSym>::map(IO &IO) {
426   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
427   IO.mapRequired("Value", Symbol.Value);
428   IO.mapRequired("Name", Symbol.Name);
429 }
430 
431 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<DataSym>::map(IO &IO) {
432   // TODO: Map linkage name
433   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
434   IO.mapRequired("DisplayName", Symbol.Name);
435 }
436 
437 template <> void SymbolRecordImpl<ThreadLocalDataSym>::map(IO &IO) {
438   // TODO: Map linkage name
439   IO.mapRequired("Type", Symbol.Type);
440   IO.mapRequired("DisplayName", Symbol.Name);
441 }
442 }
443 }
444 }
445 
446 CVSymbol CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord::toCodeViewSymbol(
447     BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator, CodeViewContainer Container) const {
448   return Symbol->toCodeViewSymbol(Allocator, Container);
449 }
450 
451 namespace llvm {
452 namespace yaml {
453 template <> struct MappingTraits<SymbolRecordBase> {
454   static void mapping(IO &io, SymbolRecordBase &Record) { Record.map(io); }
455 };
456 }
457 }
458 
459 template <typename SymbolType>
460 static inline Expected<CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord>
461 fromCodeViewSymbolImpl(CVSymbol Symbol) {
462   CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord Result;
463 
464   auto Impl = std::make_shared<SymbolRecordImpl<SymbolType>>(Symbol.kind());
465   if (auto EC = Impl->fromCodeViewSymbol(Symbol))
466     return std::move(EC);
467   Result.Symbol = Impl;
468   return Result;
469 }
470 
471 Expected<CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord>
472 CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord::fromCodeViewSymbol(CVSymbol Symbol) {
473 #define SYMBOL_RECORD(EnumName, EnumVal, ClassName)                            \
474   case EnumName:                                                               \
475     return fromCodeViewSymbolImpl<ClassName>(Symbol);
476 #define SYMBOL_RECORD_ALIAS(EnumName, EnumVal, AliasName, ClassName)           \
477   SYMBOL_RECORD(EnumName, EnumVal, ClassName)
478   switch (Symbol.kind()) {
479 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/CodeViewSymbols.def"
480   default: { llvm_unreachable("Unknown symbol kind!"); }
481   }
482   return make_error<CodeViewError>(cv_error_code::corrupt_record);
483 }
484 
485 template <typename ConcreteType>
486 static void mapSymbolRecordImpl(IO &IO, const char *Class, SymbolKind Kind,
487                                 CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord &Obj) {
488   if (!IO.outputting())
489     Obj.Symbol = std::make_shared<SymbolRecordImpl<ConcreteType>>(Kind);
490 
491   IO.mapRequired(Class, *Obj.Symbol);
492 }
493 
494 void MappingTraits<CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord>::mapping(
495     IO &IO, CodeViewYAML::SymbolRecord &Obj) {
496   SymbolKind Kind;
497   if (IO.outputting())
498     Kind = Obj.Symbol->Kind;
499   IO.mapRequired("Kind", Kind);
500 
501 #define SYMBOL_RECORD(EnumName, EnumVal, ClassName)                            \
502   case EnumName:                                                               \
503     mapSymbolRecordImpl<ClassName>(IO, #ClassName, Kind, Obj);                 \
504     break;
505 #define SYMBOL_RECORD_ALIAS(EnumName, EnumVal, AliasName, ClassName)           \
506   SYMBOL_RECORD(EnumName, EnumVal, ClassName)
507   switch (Kind) {
508 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView/CodeViewSymbols.def"
509   default: { llvm_unreachable("Unknown symbol kind!"); }
510   }
511 }
512