1 //===--------- LLJIT.cpp - An ORC-based JIT for compiling LLVM IR ---------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/LLJIT.h"
10 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/JITLink/JITLinkMemoryManager.h"
11 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/MachOPlatform.h"
12 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/ObjectLinkingLayer.h"
13 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/OrcError.h"
14 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer.h"
15 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/SectionMemoryManager.h"
16 #include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
17 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
18 #include "llvm/IR/Mangler.h"
19 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
20 #include "llvm/Support/DynamicLibrary.h"
21 
22 #include <map>
23 
24 using namespace llvm;
25 using namespace llvm::orc;
26 
27 namespace {
28 
29 /// Add a reference to the __dso_handle global to the given module.
30 /// Returns a reference to the __dso_handle IR decl.
31 GlobalVariable *addDSOHandleDecl(Module &M) {
32   auto DSOHandleTy = StructType::create(M.getContext(), "lljit.dso_handle");
33   return new GlobalVariable(M, DSOHandleTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
34                             nullptr, "__dso_handle");
35 }
36 
37 /// Adds helper function decls and wrapper functions that call the helper with
38 /// some additional prefix arguments.
39 ///
40 /// E.g. For wrapper "foo" with type i8(i8, i64), helper "bar", and prefix
41 /// args i32 4 and i16 12345, this function will add:
42 ///
43 /// declare i8 @bar(i32, i16, i8, i64)
44 ///
45 /// define i8 @foo(i8, i64) {
46 /// entry:
47 ///   %2 = call i8 @bar(i32 4, i16 12345, i8 %0, i64 %1)
48 ///   ret i8 %2
49 /// }
50 ///
51 Function *addHelperAndWrapper(Module &M, StringRef WrapperName,
52                               FunctionType *WrapperFnType,
53                               GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes WrapperVisibility,
54                               StringRef HelperName,
55                               ArrayRef<Value *> HelperPrefixArgs) {
56   std::vector<Type *> HelperArgTypes;
57   for (auto *Arg : HelperPrefixArgs)
58     HelperArgTypes.push_back(Arg->getType());
59   for (auto *T : WrapperFnType->params())
60     HelperArgTypes.push_back(T);
61   auto *HelperFnType =
62       FunctionType::get(WrapperFnType->getReturnType(), HelperArgTypes, false);
63   auto *HelperFn = Function::Create(HelperFnType, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
64                                     HelperName, M);
65 
66   auto *WrapperFn = Function::Create(
67       WrapperFnType, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, WrapperName, M);
68   WrapperFn->setVisibility(WrapperVisibility);
69 
70   auto *EntryBlock = BasicBlock::Create(M.getContext(), "entry", WrapperFn);
71   IRBuilder<> IB(EntryBlock);
72 
73   std::vector<Value *> HelperArgs;
74   for (auto *Arg : HelperPrefixArgs)
75     HelperArgs.push_back(Arg);
76   for (auto &Arg : WrapperFn->args())
77     HelperArgs.push_back(&Arg);
78   auto *HelperResult = IB.CreateCall(HelperFn, HelperArgs);
79   if (HelperFn->getReturnType()->isVoidTy())
80     IB.CreateRetVoid();
81   else
82     IB.CreateRet(HelperResult);
83 
84   return WrapperFn;
85 }
86 
87 class GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport;
88 
89 /// orc::Platform component of Generic LLVM IR Platform support.
90 /// Just forwards calls to the GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport class below.
91 class GenericLLVMIRPlatform : public Platform {
92 public:
93   GenericLLVMIRPlatform(GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &S) : S(S) {}
94   Error setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) override;
95   Error notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD, const MaterializationUnit &MU) override;
96   Error notifyRemoving(JITDylib &JD, VModuleKey K) override {
97     // Noop -- Nothing to do (yet).
98     return Error::success();
99   }
100 
101 private:
102   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &S;
103 };
104 
105 /// This transform parses llvm.global_ctors to produce a single initialization
106 /// function for the module, records the function, then deletes
107 /// llvm.global_ctors.
108 class GlobalCtorDtorScraper {
109 public:
110   GlobalCtorDtorScraper(GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &PS) : PS(PS) {}
111   Expected<ThreadSafeModule> operator()(ThreadSafeModule TSM,
112                                         MaterializationResponsibility &R);
113 
114 private:
115   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &PS;
116 };
117 
118 /// Generic IR Platform Support
119 ///
120 /// Scrapes llvm.global_ctors and llvm.global_dtors and replaces them with
121 /// specially named 'init' and 'deinit'. Injects definitions / interposes for
122 /// some runtime API, including __cxa_atexit, dlopen, and dlclose.
123 class GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport : public LLJIT::PlatformSupport {
124 public:
125   // GenericLLVMIRPlatform &P) : P(P) {
126   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport(LLJIT &J) : J(J) {
127 
128     getExecutionSession().setPlatform(
129         std::make_unique<GenericLLVMIRPlatform>(*this));
130 
131     setInitTransform(J, GlobalCtorDtorScraper(*this));
132 
133     MangleAndInterner Mangle(getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
134     SymbolMap StdInterposes;
135 
136     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.platform_support_instance")] =
137         JITEvaluatedSymbol(pointerToJITTargetAddress(this), JITSymbolFlags());
138     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
139         pointerToJITTargetAddress(registerAtExitHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
140     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.run_atexits_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
141         pointerToJITTargetAddress(runAtExitsHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
142 
143     cantFail(
144         J.getMainJITDylib().define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(StdInterposes))));
145     cantFail(setupJITDylib(J.getMainJITDylib()));
146     cantFail(J.addIRModule(J.getMainJITDylib(), createPlatformRuntimeModule()));
147   }
148 
149   ExecutionSession &getExecutionSession() { return J.getExecutionSession(); }
150 
151   /// Adds a module that defines the __dso_handle global.
152   Error setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) {
153     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
154     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
155     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
156 
157     auto *Int64Ty = Type::getInt64Ty(*Ctx);
158     auto *DSOHandle = new GlobalVariable(
159         *M, Int64Ty, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
160         ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&JD)),
161         "__dso_handle");
162     DSOHandle->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
163     DSOHandle->setInitializer(
164         ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, pointerToJITTargetAddress(&JD)));
165     return J.addIRModule(JD, ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx)));
166   }
167 
168   Error notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD, const MaterializationUnit &MU) {
169     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
170     if (auto &InitSym = MU.getInitializerSymbol())
171       InitSymbols[&JD].add(InitSym);
172     return Error::success();
173   }
174 
175   Error initialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
176     if (auto Initializers = getInitializers(JD)) {
177       for (auto InitFnAddr : *Initializers) {
178         auto *InitFn = jitTargetAddressToFunction<void (*)()>(InitFnAddr);
179         InitFn();
180       }
181     } else
182       return Initializers.takeError();
183     return Error::success();
184   }
185 
186   Error deinitialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
187     if (auto Deinitializers = getDeinitializers(JD)) {
188       for (auto DeinitFnAddr : *Deinitializers) {
189         auto *DeinitFn = jitTargetAddressToFunction<void (*)()>(DeinitFnAddr);
190         DeinitFn();
191       }
192     } else
193       return Deinitializers.takeError();
194 
195     return Error::success();
196   }
197 
198   void registerInitFunc(JITDylib &JD, SymbolStringPtr InitName) {
199     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
200     InitFunctions[&JD].add(InitName);
201   }
202 
203 private:
204   Expected<std::vector<JITTargetAddress>> getInitializers(JITDylib &JD) {
205     if (auto Err = issueInitLookups(JD))
206       return std::move(Err);
207 
208     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> LookupSymbols;
209     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
210 
211     {
212       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
213       DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
214 
215       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
216         auto IFItr = InitFunctions.find(NextJD);
217         if (IFItr != InitFunctions.end()) {
218           LookupSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(IFItr->second);
219           InitFunctions.erase(IFItr);
220         }
221       }
222     }
223 
224     auto &ES = getExecutionSession();
225     auto LookupResult = Platform::lookupInitSymbols(ES, LookupSymbols);
226 
227     if (!LookupResult)
228       return LookupResult.takeError();
229 
230     std::vector<JITTargetAddress> Initializers;
231     while (!DFSLinkOrder.empty()) {
232       auto &NextJD = *DFSLinkOrder.back();
233       DFSLinkOrder.pop_back();
234       auto InitsItr = LookupResult->find(&NextJD);
235       if (InitsItr == LookupResult->end())
236         continue;
237       for (auto &KV : InitsItr->second)
238         Initializers.push_back(KV.second.getAddress());
239     }
240 
241     return Initializers;
242   }
243 
244   Expected<std::vector<JITTargetAddress>> getDeinitializers(JITDylib &JD) {
245     auto &ES = getExecutionSession();
246 
247     MangleAndInterner Mangle(getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
248     auto LLJITRunAtExits = Mangle("__lljit_run_atexits");
249 
250     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> LookupSymbols;
251     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
252 
253     {
254       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
255       DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
256 
257       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
258         auto &JDLookupSymbols = LookupSymbols[NextJD];
259         auto DIFItr = DeInitFunctions.find(NextJD);
260         if (DIFItr != DeInitFunctions.end()) {
261           LookupSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(DIFItr->second);
262           DeInitFunctions.erase(DIFItr);
263         }
264         JDLookupSymbols.add(LLJITRunAtExits,
265                             SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol);
266       }
267     }
268 
269     auto LookupResult = Platform::lookupInitSymbols(ES, LookupSymbols);
270 
271     if (!LookupResult)
272       return LookupResult.takeError();
273 
274     std::vector<JITTargetAddress> DeInitializers;
275     for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
276       auto DeInitsItr = LookupResult->find(NextJD);
277       assert(DeInitsItr != LookupResult->end() &&
278              "Every JD should have at least __lljit_run_atexits");
279 
280       auto RunAtExitsItr = DeInitsItr->second.find(LLJITRunAtExits);
281       if (RunAtExitsItr != DeInitsItr->second.end())
282         DeInitializers.push_back(RunAtExitsItr->second.getAddress());
283 
284       for (auto &KV : DeInitsItr->second)
285         if (KV.first != LLJITRunAtExits)
286           DeInitializers.push_back(KV.second.getAddress());
287     }
288 
289     return DeInitializers;
290   }
291 
292   // Returns a DFS traversal order of the JITDylibs reachable (via
293   // links-against edges) from JD, starting with JD itself.
294   static std::vector<JITDylib *> getDFSLinkOrder(JITDylib &JD) {
295     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
296     std::vector<JITDylib *> WorkStack({&JD});
297     DenseSet<JITDylib *> Visited;
298 
299     while (!WorkStack.empty()) {
300       auto &NextJD = *WorkStack.back();
301       WorkStack.pop_back();
302       if (Visited.count(&NextJD))
303         continue;
304       Visited.insert(&NextJD);
305       DFSLinkOrder.push_back(&NextJD);
306       NextJD.withSearchOrderDo([&](const JITDylibSearchOrder &SearchOrder) {
307         for (auto &KV : SearchOrder)
308           WorkStack.push_back(KV.first);
309       });
310     }
311 
312     return DFSLinkOrder;
313   }
314 
315   /// Issue lookups for all init symbols required to initialize JD (and any
316   /// JITDylibs that it depends on).
317   Error issueInitLookups(JITDylib &JD) {
318     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> RequiredInitSymbols;
319 
320     {
321       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
322 
323       auto DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
324 
325       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
326         auto ISItr = InitSymbols.find(NextJD);
327         if (ISItr != InitSymbols.end()) {
328           RequiredInitSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(ISItr->second);
329           InitSymbols.erase(ISItr);
330         }
331       }
332     }
333 
334     return Platform::lookupInitSymbols(getExecutionSession(),
335                                        RequiredInitSymbols)
336         .takeError();
337   }
338 
339   static void registerAtExitHelper(void *Self, void (*F)(void *), void *Ctx,
340                                    void *DSOHandle) {
341     static_cast<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.registerAtExit(
342         F, Ctx, DSOHandle);
343   }
344 
345   static void runAtExitsHelper(void *Self, void *DSOHandle) {
346     static_cast<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.runAtExits(
347         DSOHandle);
348   }
349 
350   // Constructs an LLVM IR module containing platform runtime globals,
351   // functions, and interposes.
352   ThreadSafeModule createPlatformRuntimeModule() {
353     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
354     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
355     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
356 
357     auto *GenericIRPlatformSupportTy =
358         StructType::create(*Ctx, "lljit.GenericLLJITIRPlatformSupport");
359 
360     auto *PlatformInstanceDecl = new GlobalVariable(
361         *M, GenericIRPlatformSupportTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
362         nullptr, "__lljit.platform_support_instance");
363 
364     auto *DSOHandleDecl = addDSOHandleDecl(*M);
365 
366     auto *Int8Ty = Type::getInt8Ty(*Ctx);
367     auto *IntTy = Type::getIntNTy(*Ctx, sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT);
368     auto *VoidTy = Type::getVoidTy(*Ctx);
369     auto *BytePtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(Int8Ty);
370     auto *AtExitCallbackTy = FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {BytePtrTy}, false);
371     auto *AtExitCallbackPtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(AtExitCallbackTy);
372 
373     addHelperAndWrapper(
374         *M, "__cxa_atexit",
375         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {AtExitCallbackPtrTy, BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy},
376                           false),
377         GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility, "__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper",
378         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
379 
380     addHelperAndWrapper(
381         *M, "__lljit_run_atexits", FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {}, false),
382         GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility, "__lljit.run_atexits_helper",
383         {PlatformInstanceDecl, DSOHandleDecl});
384 
385     return ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx));
386   }
387 
388   std::mutex PlatformSupportMutex;
389   LLJIT &J;
390   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> InitSymbols;
391   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> InitFunctions;
392   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> DeInitFunctions;
393   ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport AtExitMgr;
394 };
395 
396 Error GenericLLVMIRPlatform::setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) {
397   return S.setupJITDylib(JD);
398 }
399 
400 Error GenericLLVMIRPlatform::notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD,
401                                           const MaterializationUnit &MU) {
402   return S.notifyAdding(JD, MU);
403 }
404 
405 Expected<ThreadSafeModule>
406 GlobalCtorDtorScraper::operator()(ThreadSafeModule TSM,
407                                   MaterializationResponsibility &R) {
408   auto Err = TSM.withModuleDo([&](Module &M) -> Error {
409     auto &Ctx = M.getContext();
410     auto *GlobalCtors = M.getNamedGlobal("llvm.global_ctors");
411 
412     // If there's no llvm.global_ctors or it's just a decl then skip.
413     if (!GlobalCtors || GlobalCtors->isDeclaration())
414       return Error::success();
415 
416     std::string InitFunctionName;
417     raw_string_ostream(InitFunctionName)
418         << "__orc_init." << M.getModuleIdentifier();
419 
420     MangleAndInterner Mangle(PS.getExecutionSession(), M.getDataLayout());
421     auto InternedName = Mangle(InitFunctionName);
422     if (auto Err =
423             R.defineMaterializing({{InternedName, JITSymbolFlags::Callable}}))
424       return Err;
425 
426     auto *InitFunc =
427         Function::Create(FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(Ctx), {}, false),
428                          GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, InitFunctionName, &M);
429     InitFunc->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
430     std::vector<std::pair<Function *, unsigned>> Inits;
431     for (auto E : getConstructors(M))
432       Inits.push_back(std::make_pair(E.Func, E.Priority));
433     llvm::sort(Inits, [](const std::pair<Function *, unsigned> &LHS,
434                          const std::pair<Function *, unsigned> &RHS) {
435       return LHS.first < RHS.first;
436     });
437     auto *EntryBlock = BasicBlock::Create(Ctx, "entry", InitFunc);
438     IRBuilder<> IB(EntryBlock);
439     for (auto &KV : Inits)
440       IB.CreateCall(KV.first);
441     IB.CreateRetVoid();
442 
443     PS.registerInitFunc(R.getTargetJITDylib(), InternedName);
444     GlobalCtors->eraseFromParent();
445     return Error::success();
446   });
447 
448   if (Err)
449     return std::move(Err);
450 
451   return std::move(TSM);
452 }
453 
454 class MachOPlatformSupport : public LLJIT::PlatformSupport {
455 public:
456   using DLOpenType = void *(*)(const char *Name, int Mode);
457   using DLCloseType = int (*)(void *Handle);
458   using DLSymType = void *(*)(void *Handle, const char *Name);
459   using DLErrorType = const char *(*)();
460 
461   struct DlFcnValues {
462     Optional<void *> RTLDDefault;
463     DLOpenType dlopen = nullptr;
464     DLCloseType dlclose = nullptr;
465     DLSymType dlsym = nullptr;
466     DLErrorType dlerror = nullptr;
467   };
468 
469   static Expected<std::unique_ptr<MachOPlatformSupport>>
470   Create(LLJIT &J, JITDylib &PlatformJITDylib) {
471 
472     // Make process symbols visible.
473     {
474       std::string ErrMsg;
475       auto Lib = sys::DynamicLibrary::getPermanentLibrary(nullptr, &ErrMsg);
476       if (!Lib.isValid())
477         return make_error<StringError>(std::move(ErrMsg),
478                                        inconvertibleErrorCode());
479     }
480 
481     DlFcnValues DlFcn;
482 
483     // Add support for RTLDDefault on known platforms.
484 #ifdef __APPLE__
485     DlFcn.RTLDDefault = reinterpret_cast<void *>(-2);
486 #endif // __APPLE__
487 
488     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlopen, "dlopen"))
489       return std::move(Err);
490     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlclose, "dlclose"))
491       return std::move(Err);
492     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlsym, "dlsym"))
493       return std::move(Err);
494     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlerror, "dlerror"))
495       return std::move(Err);
496 
497     std::unique_ptr<MachOPlatformSupport> MP(
498         new MachOPlatformSupport(J, PlatformJITDylib, DlFcn));
499     return std::move(MP);
500   }
501 
502   Error initialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
503     if (auto InitSeq = MP.getInitializerSequence(JD)) {
504       for (auto &KV : *InitSeq) {
505         KV.second.registerObjCSelectors();
506         if (auto Err = KV.second.registerObjCClasses()) {
507           // FIXME: Roll back registrations on error?
508           return Err;
509         }
510       }
511       for (auto &KV : *InitSeq)
512         KV.second.runModInits();
513     } else
514       return InitSeq.takeError();
515     return Error::success();
516   }
517 
518   Error deinitialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
519     auto &ES = J.getExecutionSession();
520     if (auto DeinitSeq = MP.getDeinitializerSequence(JD)) {
521       for (auto &KV : *DeinitSeq) {
522         auto DSOHandleName = ES.intern("___dso_handle");
523 
524         // FIXME: Run DeInits here.
525         auto Result = ES.lookup(
526             {{KV.first, JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchAllSymbols}},
527             SymbolLookupSet(DSOHandleName,
528                             SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol));
529         if (!Result)
530           return Result.takeError();
531         if (Result->empty())
532           continue;
533         assert(Result->count(DSOHandleName) &&
534                "Result does not contain __dso_handle");
535         auto *DSOHandle = jitTargetAddressToPointer<void *>(
536             Result->begin()->second.getAddress());
537         AtExitMgr.runAtExits(DSOHandle);
538       }
539     } else
540       return DeinitSeq.takeError();
541     return Error::success();
542   }
543 
544 private:
545   template <typename FunctionPtrTy>
546   static Error hookUpFunction(FunctionPtrTy &Fn, const char *Name) {
547     if (auto *FnAddr = sys::DynamicLibrary::SearchForAddressOfSymbol(Name)) {
548       Fn = reinterpret_cast<FunctionPtrTy>(Fn);
549       return Error::success();
550     }
551 
552     return make_error<StringError>((Twine("Can not enable MachO JIT Platform: "
553                                           "missing function: ") +
554                                     Name)
555                                        .str(),
556                                    inconvertibleErrorCode());
557   }
558 
559   MachOPlatformSupport(LLJIT &J, JITDylib &PlatformJITDylib, DlFcnValues DlFcn)
560       : J(J), MP(setupPlatform(J)), DlFcn(std::move(DlFcn)) {
561 
562     MangleAndInterner Mangle(J.getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
563     SymbolMap HelperSymbols;
564 
565     // platform and atexit helpers.
566     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.platform_support_instance")] =
567         JITEvaluatedSymbol(pointerToJITTargetAddress(this), JITSymbolFlags());
568     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
569         pointerToJITTargetAddress(registerAtExitHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
570     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.run_atexits_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
571         pointerToJITTargetAddress(runAtExitsHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
572 
573     // dlfcn helpers.
574     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlopen_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
575         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlopenHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
576     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlclose_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
577         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlcloseHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
578     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlsym_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
579         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlsymHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
580     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlerror_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
581         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlerrorHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
582 
583     cantFail(
584         PlatformJITDylib.define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(HelperSymbols))));
585     cantFail(MP.setupJITDylib(J.getMainJITDylib()));
586     cantFail(J.addIRModule(PlatformJITDylib, createPlatformRuntimeModule()));
587   }
588 
589   static MachOPlatform &setupPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
590     auto Tmp = std::make_unique<MachOPlatform>(
591         J.getExecutionSession(),
592         static_cast<ObjectLinkingLayer &>(J.getObjLinkingLayer()),
593         createStandardSymbolsObject(J));
594     auto &MP = *Tmp;
595     J.getExecutionSession().setPlatform(std::move(Tmp));
596     return MP;
597   }
598 
599   static std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> createStandardSymbolsObject(LLJIT &J) {
600     LLVMContext Ctx;
601     Module M("__standard_symbols", Ctx);
602     M.setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
603 
604     auto *Int64Ty = Type::getInt64Ty(Ctx);
605 
606     auto *DSOHandle =
607         new GlobalVariable(M, Int64Ty, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
608                            ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, 0), "__dso_handle");
609     DSOHandle->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
610 
611     return cantFail(J.getIRCompileLayer().getCompiler()(M));
612   }
613 
614   ThreadSafeModule createPlatformRuntimeModule() {
615     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
616     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
617     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
618 
619     auto *MachOPlatformSupportTy =
620         StructType::create(*Ctx, "lljit.MachOPlatformSupport");
621 
622     auto *PlatformInstanceDecl = new GlobalVariable(
623         *M, MachOPlatformSupportTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, nullptr,
624         "__lljit.platform_support_instance");
625 
626     auto *Int8Ty = Type::getInt8Ty(*Ctx);
627     auto *IntTy = Type::getIntNTy(*Ctx, sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT);
628     auto *VoidTy = Type::getVoidTy(*Ctx);
629     auto *BytePtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(Int8Ty);
630     auto *AtExitCallbackTy = FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {BytePtrTy}, false);
631     auto *AtExitCallbackPtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(AtExitCallbackTy);
632 
633     addHelperAndWrapper(
634         *M, "__cxa_atexit",
635         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {AtExitCallbackPtrTy, BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy},
636                           false),
637         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper",
638         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
639 
640     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlopen",
641                         FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {BytePtrTy, IntTy}, false),
642                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.dlopen_helper",
643                         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
644 
645     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlclose",
646                         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {BytePtrTy}, false),
647                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility,
648                         "__lljit.dlclose_helper", {PlatformInstanceDecl});
649 
650     addHelperAndWrapper(
651         *M, "dlsym",
652         FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy}, false),
653         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.dlsym_helper",
654         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
655 
656     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlerror", FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {}, false),
657                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility,
658                         "__lljit.dlerror_helper", {PlatformInstanceDecl});
659 
660     return ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx));
661   }
662 
663   static void registerAtExitHelper(void *Self, void (*F)(void *), void *Ctx,
664                                    void *DSOHandle) {
665     static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.registerAtExit(
666         F, Ctx, DSOHandle);
667   }
668 
669   static void runAtExitsHelper(void *Self, void *DSOHandle) {
670     static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.runAtExits(DSOHandle);
671   }
672 
673   void *jit_dlopen(const char *Path, int Mode) {
674     JITDylib *JDToOpen = nullptr;
675     // FIXME: Do the right thing with Mode flags.
676     {
677       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
678 
679       // Clear any existing error messages.
680       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
681 
682       if (auto *JD = J.getExecutionSession().getJITDylibByName(Path)) {
683         auto I = JDRefCounts.find(JD);
684         if (I != JDRefCounts.end()) {
685           ++I->second;
686           return JD;
687         }
688 
689         JDRefCounts[JD] = 1;
690         JDToOpen = JD;
691       }
692     }
693 
694     if (JDToOpen) {
695       if (auto Err = initialize(*JDToOpen)) {
696         recordError(std::move(Err));
697         return 0;
698       }
699     }
700 
701     // Fall through to dlopen if no JITDylib found for Path.
702     return DlFcn.dlopen(Path, Mode);
703   }
704 
705   static void *dlopenHelper(void *Self, const char *Path, int Mode) {
706     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlopen(Path, Mode);
707   }
708 
709   int jit_dlclose(void *Handle) {
710     JITDylib *JDToClose = nullptr;
711 
712     {
713       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
714 
715       // Clear any existing error messages.
716       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
717 
718       auto I = JDRefCounts.find(Handle);
719       if (I != JDRefCounts.end()) {
720         --I->second;
721         if (I->second == 0) {
722           JDRefCounts.erase(I);
723           JDToClose = static_cast<JITDylib *>(Handle);
724         } else
725           return 0;
726       }
727     }
728 
729     if (JDToClose) {
730       if (auto Err = deinitialize(*JDToClose)) {
731         recordError(std::move(Err));
732         return -1;
733       }
734       return 0;
735     }
736 
737     // Fall through to dlclose if no JITDylib found for Path.
738     return DlFcn.dlclose(Handle);
739   }
740 
741   static int dlcloseHelper(void *Self, void *Handle) {
742     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlclose(Handle);
743   }
744 
745   void *jit_dlsym(void *Handle, const char *Name) {
746     JITDylibSearchOrder JITSymSearchOrder;
747 
748     // FIXME: RTLD_NEXT, RTLD_SELF not supported.
749     {
750       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
751 
752       // Clear any existing error messages.
753       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
754 
755       if (JDRefCounts.count(Handle)) {
756         JITSymSearchOrder.push_back(
757             {static_cast<JITDylib *>(Handle),
758              JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchExportedSymbolsOnly});
759       } else if (Handle == DlFcn.RTLDDefault) {
760         for (auto &KV : JDRefCounts)
761           JITSymSearchOrder.push_back(
762               {static_cast<JITDylib *>(KV.first),
763                JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchExportedSymbolsOnly});
764       }
765     }
766 
767     if (!JITSymSearchOrder.empty()) {
768       MangleAndInterner Mangle(J.getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
769       auto MangledName = Mangle(Name);
770       SymbolLookupSet Syms(MangledName,
771                            SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol);
772       if (auto Result = J.getExecutionSession().lookup(JITSymSearchOrder, Syms,
773                                                        LookupKind::DLSym)) {
774         auto I = Result->find(MangledName);
775         if (I != Result->end())
776           return jitTargetAddressToPointer<void *>(I->second.getAddress());
777       } else {
778         recordError(Result.takeError());
779         return 0;
780       }
781     }
782 
783     // Fall through to dlsym.
784     return DlFcn.dlsym(Handle, Name);
785   }
786 
787   static void *dlsymHelper(void *Self, void *Handle, const char *Name) {
788     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlsym(Handle, Name);
789   }
790 
791   const char *jit_dlerror() {
792     {
793       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
794       auto I = dlErrorMsgs.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
795       if (I != dlErrorMsgs.end())
796         return I->second->c_str();
797     }
798     return DlFcn.dlerror();
799   }
800 
801   static const char *dlerrorHelper(void *Self) {
802     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlerror();
803   }
804 
805   void recordError(Error Err) {
806     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
807     dlErrorMsgs[std::this_thread::get_id()] =
808         std::make_unique<std::string>(toString(std::move(Err)));
809   }
810 
811   std::mutex PlatformSupportMutex;
812   LLJIT &J;
813   MachOPlatform &MP;
814   DlFcnValues DlFcn;
815   ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport AtExitMgr;
816   DenseMap<void *, unsigned> JDRefCounts;
817   std::map<std::thread::id, std::unique_ptr<std::string>> dlErrorMsgs;
818 };
819 
820 } // end anonymous namespace
821 
822 namespace llvm {
823 namespace orc {
824 
825 void LLJIT::PlatformSupport::setInitTransform(
826     LLJIT &J, IRTransformLayer::TransformFunction T) {
827   J.InitHelperTransformLayer->setTransform(std::move(T));
828 }
829 
830 LLJIT::PlatformSupport::~PlatformSupport() {}
831 
832 Error LLJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction() {
833 
834   if (!JTMB) {
835     if (auto JTMBOrErr = JITTargetMachineBuilder::detectHost())
836       JTMB = std::move(*JTMBOrErr);
837     else
838       return JTMBOrErr.takeError();
839   }
840 
841   // If the client didn't configure any linker options then auto-configure the
842   // JIT linker.
843   if (!CreateObjectLinkingLayer && JTMB->getCodeModel() == None &&
844       JTMB->getRelocationModel() == None) {
845 
846     auto &TT = JTMB->getTargetTriple();
847     if (TT.isOSBinFormatMachO() &&
848         (TT.getArch() == Triple::aarch64 || TT.getArch() == Triple::x86_64)) {
849 
850       JTMB->setRelocationModel(Reloc::PIC_);
851       JTMB->setCodeModel(CodeModel::Small);
852       CreateObjectLinkingLayer =
853           [](ExecutionSession &ES,
854              const Triple &) -> std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer> {
855         return std::make_unique<ObjectLinkingLayer>(
856             ES, std::make_unique<jitlink::InProcessMemoryManager>());
857       };
858     }
859   }
860 
861   return Error::success();
862 }
863 
864 LLJIT::~LLJIT() {
865   if (CompileThreads)
866     CompileThreads->wait();
867 }
868 
869 Error LLJIT::defineAbsolute(StringRef Name, JITEvaluatedSymbol Sym) {
870   auto InternedName = ES->intern(Name);
871   SymbolMap Symbols({{InternedName, Sym}});
872   return Main->define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(Symbols)));
873 }
874 
875 Error LLJIT::addIRModule(JITDylib &JD, ThreadSafeModule TSM) {
876   assert(TSM && "Can not add null module");
877 
878   if (auto Err =
879           TSM.withModuleDo([&](Module &M) { return applyDataLayout(M); }))
880     return Err;
881 
882   return InitHelperTransformLayer->add(JD, std::move(TSM),
883                                        ES->allocateVModule());
884 }
885 
886 Error LLJIT::addObjectFile(JITDylib &JD, std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> Obj) {
887   assert(Obj && "Can not add null object");
888 
889   return ObjTransformLayer.add(JD, std::move(Obj), ES->allocateVModule());
890 }
891 
892 Expected<JITEvaluatedSymbol> LLJIT::lookupLinkerMangled(JITDylib &JD,
893                                                         StringRef Name) {
894   return ES->lookup(
895       makeJITDylibSearchOrder(&JD, JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchAllSymbols),
896       ES->intern(Name));
897 }
898 
899 std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer>
900 LLJIT::createObjectLinkingLayer(LLJITBuilderState &S, ExecutionSession &ES) {
901 
902   // If the config state provided an ObjectLinkingLayer factory then use it.
903   if (S.CreateObjectLinkingLayer)
904     return S.CreateObjectLinkingLayer(ES, S.JTMB->getTargetTriple());
905 
906   // Otherwise default to creating an RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer that constructs
907   // a new SectionMemoryManager for each object.
908   auto GetMemMgr = []() { return std::make_unique<SectionMemoryManager>(); };
909   auto ObjLinkingLayer =
910       std::make_unique<RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer>(ES, std::move(GetMemMgr));
911 
912   if (S.JTMB->getTargetTriple().isOSBinFormatCOFF()) {
913     ObjLinkingLayer->setOverrideObjectFlagsWithResponsibilityFlags(true);
914     ObjLinkingLayer->setAutoClaimResponsibilityForObjectSymbols(true);
915   }
916 
917   // FIXME: Explicit conversion to std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer> added to silence
918   //        errors from some GCC / libstdc++ bots. Remove this conversion (i.e.
919   //        just return ObjLinkingLayer) once those bots are upgraded.
920   return std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer>(std::move(ObjLinkingLayer));
921 }
922 
923 Expected<std::unique_ptr<IRCompileLayer::IRCompiler>>
924 LLJIT::createCompileFunction(LLJITBuilderState &S,
925                              JITTargetMachineBuilder JTMB) {
926 
927   /// If there is a custom compile function creator set then use it.
928   if (S.CreateCompileFunction)
929     return S.CreateCompileFunction(std::move(JTMB));
930 
931   // Otherwise default to creating a SimpleCompiler, or ConcurrentIRCompiler,
932   // depending on the number of threads requested.
933   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0)
934     return std::make_unique<ConcurrentIRCompiler>(std::move(JTMB));
935 
936   auto TM = JTMB.createTargetMachine();
937   if (!TM)
938     return TM.takeError();
939 
940   return std::make_unique<TMOwningSimpleCompiler>(std::move(*TM));
941 }
942 
943 LLJIT::LLJIT(LLJITBuilderState &S, Error &Err)
944     : ES(S.ES ? std::move(S.ES) : std::make_unique<ExecutionSession>()), Main(),
945       DL(""), TT(S.JTMB->getTargetTriple()),
946       ObjLinkingLayer(createObjectLinkingLayer(S, *ES)),
947       ObjTransformLayer(*this->ES, *ObjLinkingLayer) {
948 
949   ErrorAsOutParameter _(&Err);
950 
951   if (auto MainOrErr = this->ES->createJITDylib("main"))
952     Main = &*MainOrErr;
953   else {
954     Err = MainOrErr.takeError();
955     return;
956   }
957 
958   if (S.DL)
959     DL = std::move(*S.DL);
960   else if (auto DLOrErr = S.JTMB->getDefaultDataLayoutForTarget())
961     DL = std::move(*DLOrErr);
962   else {
963     Err = DLOrErr.takeError();
964     return;
965   }
966 
967   {
968     auto CompileFunction = createCompileFunction(S, std::move(*S.JTMB));
969     if (!CompileFunction) {
970       Err = CompileFunction.takeError();
971       return;
972     }
973     CompileLayer = std::make_unique<IRCompileLayer>(
974         *ES, ObjTransformLayer, std::move(*CompileFunction));
975     TransformLayer = std::make_unique<IRTransformLayer>(*ES, *CompileLayer);
976     InitHelperTransformLayer =
977         std::make_unique<IRTransformLayer>(*ES, *TransformLayer);
978   }
979 
980   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0) {
981     InitHelperTransformLayer->setCloneToNewContextOnEmit(true);
982     CompileThreads =
983         std::make_unique<ThreadPool>(hardware_concurrency(S.NumCompileThreads));
984     ES->setDispatchMaterialization(
985         [this](JITDylib &JD, std::unique_ptr<MaterializationUnit> MU) {
986           // FIXME: Switch to move capture once we have c++14.
987           auto SharedMU = std::shared_ptr<MaterializationUnit>(std::move(MU));
988           auto Work = [SharedMU, &JD]() { SharedMU->doMaterialize(JD); };
989           CompileThreads->async(std::move(Work));
990         });
991   }
992 
993   if (S.SetUpPlatform)
994     Err = S.SetUpPlatform(*this);
995   else
996     setUpGenericLLVMIRPlatform(*this);
997 }
998 
999 std::string LLJIT::mangle(StringRef UnmangledName) {
1000   std::string MangledName;
1001   {
1002     raw_string_ostream MangledNameStream(MangledName);
1003     Mangler::getNameWithPrefix(MangledNameStream, UnmangledName, DL);
1004   }
1005   return MangledName;
1006 }
1007 
1008 Error LLJIT::applyDataLayout(Module &M) {
1009   if (M.getDataLayout().isDefault())
1010     M.setDataLayout(DL);
1011 
1012   if (M.getDataLayout() != DL)
1013     return make_error<StringError>(
1014         "Added modules have incompatible data layouts: " +
1015             M.getDataLayout().getStringRepresentation() + " (module) vs " +
1016             DL.getStringRepresentation() + " (jit)",
1017         inconvertibleErrorCode());
1018 
1019   return Error::success();
1020 }
1021 
1022 void setUpGenericLLVMIRPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
1023   J.setPlatformSupport(std::make_unique<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport>(J));
1024 }
1025 
1026 Error setUpMachOPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
1027   auto MP = MachOPlatformSupport::Create(J, J.getMainJITDylib());
1028   if (!MP)
1029     return MP.takeError();
1030   J.setPlatformSupport(std::move(*MP));
1031   return Error::success();
1032 }
1033 
1034 Error LLLazyJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction() {
1035   if (auto Err = LLJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction())
1036     return Err;
1037   TT = JTMB->getTargetTriple();
1038   return Error::success();
1039 }
1040 
1041 Error LLLazyJIT::addLazyIRModule(JITDylib &JD, ThreadSafeModule TSM) {
1042   assert(TSM && "Can not add null module");
1043 
1044   if (auto Err = TSM.withModuleDo(
1045           [&](Module &M) -> Error { return applyDataLayout(M); }))
1046     return Err;
1047 
1048   return CODLayer->add(JD, std::move(TSM), ES->allocateVModule());
1049 }
1050 
1051 LLLazyJIT::LLLazyJIT(LLLazyJITBuilderState &S, Error &Err) : LLJIT(S, Err) {
1052 
1053   // If LLJIT construction failed then bail out.
1054   if (Err)
1055     return;
1056 
1057   ErrorAsOutParameter _(&Err);
1058 
1059   /// Take/Create the lazy-compile callthrough manager.
1060   if (S.LCTMgr)
1061     LCTMgr = std::move(S.LCTMgr);
1062   else {
1063     if (auto LCTMgrOrErr = createLocalLazyCallThroughManager(
1064             S.TT, *ES, S.LazyCompileFailureAddr))
1065       LCTMgr = std::move(*LCTMgrOrErr);
1066     else {
1067       Err = LCTMgrOrErr.takeError();
1068       return;
1069     }
1070   }
1071 
1072   // Take/Create the indirect stubs manager builder.
1073   auto ISMBuilder = std::move(S.ISMBuilder);
1074 
1075   // If none was provided, try to build one.
1076   if (!ISMBuilder)
1077     ISMBuilder = createLocalIndirectStubsManagerBuilder(S.TT);
1078 
1079   // No luck. Bail out.
1080   if (!ISMBuilder) {
1081     Err = make_error<StringError>("Could not construct "
1082                                   "IndirectStubsManagerBuilder for target " +
1083                                       S.TT.str(),
1084                                   inconvertibleErrorCode());
1085     return;
1086   }
1087 
1088   // Create the COD layer.
1089   CODLayer = std::make_unique<CompileOnDemandLayer>(
1090       *ES, *InitHelperTransformLayer, *LCTMgr, std::move(ISMBuilder));
1091 
1092   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0)
1093     CODLayer->setCloneToNewContextOnEmit(true);
1094 }
1095 
1096 } // End namespace orc.
1097 } // End namespace llvm.
1098