1 //===--------- LLJIT.cpp - An ORC-based JIT for compiling LLVM IR ---------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/LLJIT.h"
10 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/JITLink/JITLinkMemoryManager.h"
11 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/MachOPlatform.h"
12 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/ObjectLinkingLayer.h"
13 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/OrcError.h"
14 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer.h"
15 #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/SectionMemoryManager.h"
16 #include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
17 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
18 #include "llvm/IR/Mangler.h"
19 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
20 #include "llvm/Support/DynamicLibrary.h"
21 
22 #include <map>
23 
24 using namespace llvm;
25 using namespace llvm::orc;
26 
27 namespace {
28 
29 /// Add a reference to the __dso_handle global to the given module.
30 /// Returns a reference to the __dso_handle IR decl.
31 GlobalVariable *addDSOHandleDecl(Module &M) {
32   auto DSOHandleTy = StructType::create(M.getContext(), "lljit.dso_handle");
33   return new GlobalVariable(M, DSOHandleTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
34                             nullptr, "__dso_handle");
35 }
36 
37 /// Adds helper function decls and wrapper functions that call the helper with
38 /// some additional prefix arguments.
39 ///
40 /// E.g. For wrapper "foo" with type i8(i8, i64), helper "bar", and prefix
41 /// args i32 4 and i16 12345, this function will add:
42 ///
43 /// declare i8 @bar(i32, i16, i8, i64)
44 ///
45 /// define i8 @foo(i8, i64) {
46 /// entry:
47 ///   %2 = call i8 @bar(i32 4, i16 12345, i8 %0, i64 %1)
48 ///   ret i8 %2
49 /// }
50 ///
51 Function *addHelperAndWrapper(Module &M, StringRef WrapperName,
52                               FunctionType *WrapperFnType,
53                               GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes WrapperVisibility,
54                               StringRef HelperName,
55                               ArrayRef<Value *> HelperPrefixArgs) {
56   std::vector<Type *> HelperArgTypes;
57   for (auto *Arg : HelperPrefixArgs)
58     HelperArgTypes.push_back(Arg->getType());
59   for (auto *T : WrapperFnType->params())
60     HelperArgTypes.push_back(T);
61   auto *HelperFnType =
62       FunctionType::get(WrapperFnType->getReturnType(), HelperArgTypes, false);
63   auto *HelperFn = Function::Create(HelperFnType, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
64                                     HelperName, M);
65 
66   auto *WrapperFn = Function::Create(
67       WrapperFnType, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, WrapperName, M);
68   WrapperFn->setVisibility(WrapperVisibility);
69 
70   auto *EntryBlock = BasicBlock::Create(M.getContext(), "entry", WrapperFn);
71   IRBuilder<> IB(EntryBlock);
72 
73   std::vector<Value *> HelperArgs;
74   for (auto *Arg : HelperPrefixArgs)
75     HelperArgs.push_back(Arg);
76   for (auto &Arg : WrapperFn->args())
77     HelperArgs.push_back(&Arg);
78   auto *HelperResult = IB.CreateCall(HelperFn, HelperArgs);
79   if (HelperFn->getReturnType()->isVoidTy())
80     IB.CreateRetVoid();
81   else
82     IB.CreateRet(HelperResult);
83 
84   return WrapperFn;
85 }
86 
87 class GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport;
88 
89 /// orc::Platform component of Generic LLVM IR Platform support.
90 /// Just forwards calls to the GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport class below.
91 class GenericLLVMIRPlatform : public Platform {
92 public:
93   GenericLLVMIRPlatform(GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &S) : S(S) {}
94   Error setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) override;
95   Error notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD, const MaterializationUnit &MU) override;
96   Error notifyRemoving(JITDylib &JD, VModuleKey K) override {
97     // Noop -- Nothing to do (yet).
98     return Error::success();
99   }
100 
101 private:
102   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &S;
103 };
104 
105 /// This transform parses llvm.global_ctors to produce a single initialization
106 /// function for the module, records the function, then deletes
107 /// llvm.global_ctors.
108 class GlobalCtorDtorScraper {
109 public:
110 
111   GlobalCtorDtorScraper(GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &PS,
112                         StringRef InitFunctionPrefix)
113     : PS(PS), InitFunctionPrefix(InitFunctionPrefix) {}
114   Expected<ThreadSafeModule> operator()(ThreadSafeModule TSM,
115                                         MaterializationResponsibility &R);
116 
117 private:
118   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport &PS;
119   StringRef InitFunctionPrefix;
120 };
121 
122 /// Generic IR Platform Support
123 ///
124 /// Scrapes llvm.global_ctors and llvm.global_dtors and replaces them with
125 /// specially named 'init' and 'deinit'. Injects definitions / interposes for
126 /// some runtime API, including __cxa_atexit, dlopen, and dlclose.
127 class GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport : public LLJIT::PlatformSupport {
128 public:
129   // GenericLLVMIRPlatform &P) : P(P) {
130   GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport(LLJIT &J) : J(J) {
131 
132     MangleAndInterner Mangle(getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
133     InitFunctionPrefix = Mangle("__orc_init_func.");
134 
135     getExecutionSession().setPlatform(
136         std::make_unique<GenericLLVMIRPlatform>(*this));
137 
138     setInitTransform(J, GlobalCtorDtorScraper(*this, *InitFunctionPrefix));
139 
140     SymbolMap StdInterposes;
141 
142     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.platform_support_instance")] =
143         JITEvaluatedSymbol(pointerToJITTargetAddress(this), JITSymbolFlags());
144     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
145         pointerToJITTargetAddress(registerAtExitHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
146     StdInterposes[Mangle("__lljit.run_atexits_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
147         pointerToJITTargetAddress(runAtExitsHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
148 
149     cantFail(
150         J.getMainJITDylib().define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(StdInterposes))));
151     cantFail(setupJITDylib(J.getMainJITDylib()));
152     cantFail(J.addIRModule(J.getMainJITDylib(), createPlatformRuntimeModule()));
153   }
154 
155   ExecutionSession &getExecutionSession() { return J.getExecutionSession(); }
156 
157   /// Adds a module that defines the __dso_handle global.
158   Error setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) {
159     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
160     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
161     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
162 
163     auto *Int64Ty = Type::getInt64Ty(*Ctx);
164     auto *DSOHandle = new GlobalVariable(
165         *M, Int64Ty, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
166         ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&JD)),
167         "__dso_handle");
168     DSOHandle->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
169     DSOHandle->setInitializer(
170         ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, pointerToJITTargetAddress(&JD)));
171     return J.addIRModule(JD, ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx)));
172   }
173 
174   Error notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD, const MaterializationUnit &MU) {
175     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
176     if (auto &InitSym = MU.getInitializerSymbol())
177       InitSymbols[&JD].add(InitSym);
178     else {
179       // If there's no identified init symbol attached, but there is a symbol
180       // with the GenericIRPlatform::InitFunctionPrefix, then treat that as
181       // an init function. Add the symbol to both the InitSymbols map (which
182       // will trigger a lookup to materialize the module) and the InitFunctions
183       // map (which holds the names of the symbols to execute).
184       for (auto &KV : MU.getSymbols())
185         if ((*KV.first).startswith(*InitFunctionPrefix)) {
186           InitSymbols[&JD].add(KV.first);
187           InitFunctions[&JD].add(KV.first);
188         }
189     }
190     return Error::success();
191   }
192 
193   Error initialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
194     if (auto Initializers = getInitializers(JD)) {
195       for (auto InitFnAddr : *Initializers) {
196         auto *InitFn = jitTargetAddressToFunction<void (*)()>(InitFnAddr);
197         InitFn();
198       }
199     } else
200       return Initializers.takeError();
201     return Error::success();
202   }
203 
204   Error deinitialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
205     if (auto Deinitializers = getDeinitializers(JD)) {
206       for (auto DeinitFnAddr : *Deinitializers) {
207         auto *DeinitFn = jitTargetAddressToFunction<void (*)()>(DeinitFnAddr);
208         DeinitFn();
209       }
210     } else
211       return Deinitializers.takeError();
212 
213     return Error::success();
214   }
215 
216   void registerInitFunc(JITDylib &JD, SymbolStringPtr InitName) {
217     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
218     InitFunctions[&JD].add(InitName);
219   }
220 
221 private:
222   Expected<std::vector<JITTargetAddress>> getInitializers(JITDylib &JD) {
223     if (auto Err = issueInitLookups(JD))
224       return std::move(Err);
225 
226     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> LookupSymbols;
227     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
228 
229     {
230       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
231       DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
232 
233       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
234         auto IFItr = InitFunctions.find(NextJD);
235         if (IFItr != InitFunctions.end()) {
236           LookupSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(IFItr->second);
237           InitFunctions.erase(IFItr);
238         }
239       }
240     }
241 
242     auto &ES = getExecutionSession();
243     auto LookupResult = Platform::lookupInitSymbols(ES, LookupSymbols);
244 
245     if (!LookupResult)
246       return LookupResult.takeError();
247 
248     std::vector<JITTargetAddress> Initializers;
249     while (!DFSLinkOrder.empty()) {
250       auto &NextJD = *DFSLinkOrder.back();
251       DFSLinkOrder.pop_back();
252       auto InitsItr = LookupResult->find(&NextJD);
253       if (InitsItr == LookupResult->end())
254         continue;
255       for (auto &KV : InitsItr->second)
256         Initializers.push_back(KV.second.getAddress());
257     }
258 
259     return Initializers;
260   }
261 
262   Expected<std::vector<JITTargetAddress>> getDeinitializers(JITDylib &JD) {
263     auto &ES = getExecutionSession();
264 
265     MangleAndInterner Mangle(getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
266     auto LLJITRunAtExits = Mangle("__lljit_run_atexits");
267 
268     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> LookupSymbols;
269     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
270 
271     {
272       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
273       DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
274 
275       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
276         auto &JDLookupSymbols = LookupSymbols[NextJD];
277         auto DIFItr = DeInitFunctions.find(NextJD);
278         if (DIFItr != DeInitFunctions.end()) {
279           LookupSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(DIFItr->second);
280           DeInitFunctions.erase(DIFItr);
281         }
282         JDLookupSymbols.add(LLJITRunAtExits,
283                             SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol);
284       }
285     }
286 
287     auto LookupResult = Platform::lookupInitSymbols(ES, LookupSymbols);
288 
289     if (!LookupResult)
290       return LookupResult.takeError();
291 
292     std::vector<JITTargetAddress> DeInitializers;
293     for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
294       auto DeInitsItr = LookupResult->find(NextJD);
295       assert(DeInitsItr != LookupResult->end() &&
296              "Every JD should have at least __lljit_run_atexits");
297 
298       auto RunAtExitsItr = DeInitsItr->second.find(LLJITRunAtExits);
299       if (RunAtExitsItr != DeInitsItr->second.end())
300         DeInitializers.push_back(RunAtExitsItr->second.getAddress());
301 
302       for (auto &KV : DeInitsItr->second)
303         if (KV.first != LLJITRunAtExits)
304           DeInitializers.push_back(KV.second.getAddress());
305     }
306 
307     return DeInitializers;
308   }
309 
310   // Returns a DFS traversal order of the JITDylibs reachable (via
311   // links-against edges) from JD, starting with JD itself.
312   static std::vector<JITDylib *> getDFSLinkOrder(JITDylib &JD) {
313     std::vector<JITDylib *> DFSLinkOrder;
314     std::vector<JITDylib *> WorkStack({&JD});
315     DenseSet<JITDylib *> Visited;
316 
317     while (!WorkStack.empty()) {
318       auto &NextJD = *WorkStack.back();
319       WorkStack.pop_back();
320       if (Visited.count(&NextJD))
321         continue;
322       Visited.insert(&NextJD);
323       DFSLinkOrder.push_back(&NextJD);
324       NextJD.withSearchOrderDo([&](const JITDylibSearchOrder &SearchOrder) {
325         for (auto &KV : SearchOrder)
326           WorkStack.push_back(KV.first);
327       });
328     }
329 
330     return DFSLinkOrder;
331   }
332 
333   /// Issue lookups for all init symbols required to initialize JD (and any
334   /// JITDylibs that it depends on).
335   Error issueInitLookups(JITDylib &JD) {
336     DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> RequiredInitSymbols;
337 
338     {
339       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
340 
341       auto DFSLinkOrder = getDFSLinkOrder(JD);
342 
343       for (auto *NextJD : DFSLinkOrder) {
344         auto ISItr = InitSymbols.find(NextJD);
345         if (ISItr != InitSymbols.end()) {
346           RequiredInitSymbols[NextJD] = std::move(ISItr->second);
347           InitSymbols.erase(ISItr);
348         }
349       }
350     }
351 
352     return Platform::lookupInitSymbols(getExecutionSession(),
353                                        RequiredInitSymbols)
354         .takeError();
355   }
356 
357   static void registerAtExitHelper(void *Self, void (*F)(void *), void *Ctx,
358                                    void *DSOHandle) {
359     static_cast<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.registerAtExit(
360         F, Ctx, DSOHandle);
361   }
362 
363   static void runAtExitsHelper(void *Self, void *DSOHandle) {
364     static_cast<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.runAtExits(
365         DSOHandle);
366   }
367 
368   // Constructs an LLVM IR module containing platform runtime globals,
369   // functions, and interposes.
370   ThreadSafeModule createPlatformRuntimeModule() {
371     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
372     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
373     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
374 
375     auto *GenericIRPlatformSupportTy =
376         StructType::create(*Ctx, "lljit.GenericLLJITIRPlatformSupport");
377 
378     auto *PlatformInstanceDecl = new GlobalVariable(
379         *M, GenericIRPlatformSupportTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
380         nullptr, "__lljit.platform_support_instance");
381 
382     auto *DSOHandleDecl = addDSOHandleDecl(*M);
383 
384     auto *Int8Ty = Type::getInt8Ty(*Ctx);
385     auto *IntTy = Type::getIntNTy(*Ctx, sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT);
386     auto *VoidTy = Type::getVoidTy(*Ctx);
387     auto *BytePtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(Int8Ty);
388     auto *AtExitCallbackTy = FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {BytePtrTy}, false);
389     auto *AtExitCallbackPtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(AtExitCallbackTy);
390 
391     addHelperAndWrapper(
392         *M, "__cxa_atexit",
393         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {AtExitCallbackPtrTy, BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy},
394                           false),
395         GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility, "__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper",
396         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
397 
398     addHelperAndWrapper(
399         *M, "__lljit_run_atexits", FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {}, false),
400         GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility, "__lljit.run_atexits_helper",
401         {PlatformInstanceDecl, DSOHandleDecl});
402 
403     return ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx));
404   }
405 
406   std::mutex PlatformSupportMutex;
407   LLJIT &J;
408   SymbolStringPtr InitFunctionPrefix;
409   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> InitSymbols;
410   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> InitFunctions;
411   DenseMap<JITDylib *, SymbolLookupSet> DeInitFunctions;
412   ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport AtExitMgr;
413 };
414 
415 Error GenericLLVMIRPlatform::setupJITDylib(JITDylib &JD) {
416   return S.setupJITDylib(JD);
417 }
418 
419 Error GenericLLVMIRPlatform::notifyAdding(JITDylib &JD,
420                                           const MaterializationUnit &MU) {
421   return S.notifyAdding(JD, MU);
422 }
423 
424 Expected<ThreadSafeModule>
425 GlobalCtorDtorScraper::operator()(ThreadSafeModule TSM,
426                                   MaterializationResponsibility &R) {
427   auto Err = TSM.withModuleDo([&](Module &M) -> Error {
428     auto &Ctx = M.getContext();
429     auto *GlobalCtors = M.getNamedGlobal("llvm.global_ctors");
430 
431     // If there's no llvm.global_ctors or it's just a decl then skip.
432     if (!GlobalCtors || GlobalCtors->isDeclaration())
433       return Error::success();
434 
435     std::string InitFunctionName;
436     raw_string_ostream(InitFunctionName)
437         << InitFunctionPrefix << M.getModuleIdentifier();
438 
439     MangleAndInterner Mangle(PS.getExecutionSession(), M.getDataLayout());
440     auto InternedName = Mangle(InitFunctionName);
441     if (auto Err =
442             R.defineMaterializing({{InternedName, JITSymbolFlags::Callable}}))
443       return Err;
444 
445     auto *InitFunc =
446         Function::Create(FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(Ctx), {}, false),
447                          GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, InitFunctionName, &M);
448     InitFunc->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
449     std::vector<std::pair<Function *, unsigned>> Inits;
450     for (auto E : getConstructors(M))
451       Inits.push_back(std::make_pair(E.Func, E.Priority));
452     llvm::sort(Inits, [](const std::pair<Function *, unsigned> &LHS,
453                          const std::pair<Function *, unsigned> &RHS) {
454       return LHS.first < RHS.first;
455     });
456     auto *EntryBlock = BasicBlock::Create(Ctx, "entry", InitFunc);
457     IRBuilder<> IB(EntryBlock);
458     for (auto &KV : Inits)
459       IB.CreateCall(KV.first);
460     IB.CreateRetVoid();
461 
462     PS.registerInitFunc(R.getTargetJITDylib(), InternedName);
463     GlobalCtors->eraseFromParent();
464     return Error::success();
465   });
466 
467   if (Err)
468     return std::move(Err);
469 
470   return std::move(TSM);
471 }
472 
473 class MachOPlatformSupport : public LLJIT::PlatformSupport {
474 public:
475   using DLOpenType = void *(*)(const char *Name, int Mode);
476   using DLCloseType = int (*)(void *Handle);
477   using DLSymType = void *(*)(void *Handle, const char *Name);
478   using DLErrorType = const char *(*)();
479 
480   struct DlFcnValues {
481     Optional<void *> RTLDDefault;
482     DLOpenType dlopen = nullptr;
483     DLCloseType dlclose = nullptr;
484     DLSymType dlsym = nullptr;
485     DLErrorType dlerror = nullptr;
486   };
487 
488   static Expected<std::unique_ptr<MachOPlatformSupport>>
489   Create(LLJIT &J, JITDylib &PlatformJITDylib) {
490 
491     // Make process symbols visible.
492     {
493       std::string ErrMsg;
494       auto Lib = sys::DynamicLibrary::getPermanentLibrary(nullptr, &ErrMsg);
495       if (!Lib.isValid())
496         return make_error<StringError>(std::move(ErrMsg),
497                                        inconvertibleErrorCode());
498     }
499 
500     DlFcnValues DlFcn;
501 
502     // Add support for RTLDDefault on known platforms.
503 #ifdef __APPLE__
504     DlFcn.RTLDDefault = reinterpret_cast<void *>(-2);
505 #endif // __APPLE__
506 
507     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlopen, "dlopen"))
508       return std::move(Err);
509     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlclose, "dlclose"))
510       return std::move(Err);
511     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlsym, "dlsym"))
512       return std::move(Err);
513     if (auto Err = hookUpFunction(DlFcn.dlerror, "dlerror"))
514       return std::move(Err);
515 
516     std::unique_ptr<MachOPlatformSupport> MP(
517         new MachOPlatformSupport(J, PlatformJITDylib, DlFcn));
518     return std::move(MP);
519   }
520 
521   Error initialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
522     if (auto InitSeq = MP.getInitializerSequence(JD)) {
523       for (auto &KV : *InitSeq) {
524         KV.second.registerObjCSelectors();
525         if (auto Err = KV.second.registerObjCClasses()) {
526           // FIXME: Roll back registrations on error?
527           return Err;
528         }
529       }
530       for (auto &KV : *InitSeq)
531         KV.second.runModInits();
532     } else
533       return InitSeq.takeError();
534     return Error::success();
535   }
536 
537   Error deinitialize(JITDylib &JD) override {
538     auto &ES = J.getExecutionSession();
539     if (auto DeinitSeq = MP.getDeinitializerSequence(JD)) {
540       for (auto &KV : *DeinitSeq) {
541         auto DSOHandleName = ES.intern("___dso_handle");
542 
543         // FIXME: Run DeInits here.
544         auto Result = ES.lookup(
545             {{KV.first, JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchAllSymbols}},
546             SymbolLookupSet(DSOHandleName,
547                             SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol));
548         if (!Result)
549           return Result.takeError();
550         if (Result->empty())
551           continue;
552         assert(Result->count(DSOHandleName) &&
553                "Result does not contain __dso_handle");
554         auto *DSOHandle = jitTargetAddressToPointer<void *>(
555             Result->begin()->second.getAddress());
556         AtExitMgr.runAtExits(DSOHandle);
557       }
558     } else
559       return DeinitSeq.takeError();
560     return Error::success();
561   }
562 
563 private:
564   template <typename FunctionPtrTy>
565   static Error hookUpFunction(FunctionPtrTy &Fn, const char *Name) {
566     if (auto *FnAddr = sys::DynamicLibrary::SearchForAddressOfSymbol(Name)) {
567       Fn = reinterpret_cast<FunctionPtrTy>(Fn);
568       return Error::success();
569     }
570 
571     return make_error<StringError>((Twine("Can not enable MachO JIT Platform: "
572                                           "missing function: ") +
573                                     Name)
574                                        .str(),
575                                    inconvertibleErrorCode());
576   }
577 
578   MachOPlatformSupport(LLJIT &J, JITDylib &PlatformJITDylib, DlFcnValues DlFcn)
579       : J(J), MP(setupPlatform(J)), DlFcn(std::move(DlFcn)) {
580 
581     MangleAndInterner Mangle(J.getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
582     SymbolMap HelperSymbols;
583 
584     // platform and atexit helpers.
585     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.platform_support_instance")] =
586         JITEvaluatedSymbol(pointerToJITTargetAddress(this), JITSymbolFlags());
587     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
588         pointerToJITTargetAddress(registerAtExitHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
589     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.run_atexits_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
590         pointerToJITTargetAddress(runAtExitsHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
591 
592     // dlfcn helpers.
593     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlopen_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
594         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlopenHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
595     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlclose_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
596         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlcloseHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
597     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlsym_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
598         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlsymHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
599     HelperSymbols[Mangle("__lljit.dlerror_helper")] = JITEvaluatedSymbol(
600         pointerToJITTargetAddress(dlerrorHelper), JITSymbolFlags());
601 
602     cantFail(
603         PlatformJITDylib.define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(HelperSymbols))));
604     cantFail(MP.setupJITDylib(J.getMainJITDylib()));
605     cantFail(J.addIRModule(PlatformJITDylib, createPlatformRuntimeModule()));
606   }
607 
608   static MachOPlatform &setupPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
609     auto Tmp = std::make_unique<MachOPlatform>(
610         J.getExecutionSession(),
611         static_cast<ObjectLinkingLayer &>(J.getObjLinkingLayer()),
612         createStandardSymbolsObject(J));
613     auto &MP = *Tmp;
614     J.getExecutionSession().setPlatform(std::move(Tmp));
615     return MP;
616   }
617 
618   static std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> createStandardSymbolsObject(LLJIT &J) {
619     LLVMContext Ctx;
620     Module M("__standard_symbols", Ctx);
621     M.setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
622 
623     auto *Int64Ty = Type::getInt64Ty(Ctx);
624 
625     auto *DSOHandle =
626         new GlobalVariable(M, Int64Ty, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
627                            ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, 0), "__dso_handle");
628     DSOHandle->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
629 
630     return cantFail(J.getIRCompileLayer().getCompiler()(M));
631   }
632 
633   ThreadSafeModule createPlatformRuntimeModule() {
634     auto Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
635     auto M = std::make_unique<Module>("__standard_lib", *Ctx);
636     M->setDataLayout(J.getDataLayout());
637 
638     auto *MachOPlatformSupportTy =
639         StructType::create(*Ctx, "lljit.MachOPlatformSupport");
640 
641     auto *PlatformInstanceDecl = new GlobalVariable(
642         *M, MachOPlatformSupportTy, true, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, nullptr,
643         "__lljit.platform_support_instance");
644 
645     auto *Int8Ty = Type::getInt8Ty(*Ctx);
646     auto *IntTy = Type::getIntNTy(*Ctx, sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT);
647     auto *VoidTy = Type::getVoidTy(*Ctx);
648     auto *BytePtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(Int8Ty);
649     auto *AtExitCallbackTy = FunctionType::get(VoidTy, {BytePtrTy}, false);
650     auto *AtExitCallbackPtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(AtExitCallbackTy);
651 
652     addHelperAndWrapper(
653         *M, "__cxa_atexit",
654         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {AtExitCallbackPtrTy, BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy},
655                           false),
656         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.cxa_atexit_helper",
657         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
658 
659     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlopen",
660                         FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {BytePtrTy, IntTy}, false),
661                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.dlopen_helper",
662                         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
663 
664     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlclose",
665                         FunctionType::get(IntTy, {BytePtrTy}, false),
666                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility,
667                         "__lljit.dlclose_helper", {PlatformInstanceDecl});
668 
669     addHelperAndWrapper(
670         *M, "dlsym",
671         FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {BytePtrTy, BytePtrTy}, false),
672         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility, "__lljit.dlsym_helper",
673         {PlatformInstanceDecl});
674 
675     addHelperAndWrapper(*M, "dlerror", FunctionType::get(BytePtrTy, {}, false),
676                         GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility,
677                         "__lljit.dlerror_helper", {PlatformInstanceDecl});
678 
679     return ThreadSafeModule(std::move(M), std::move(Ctx));
680   }
681 
682   static void registerAtExitHelper(void *Self, void (*F)(void *), void *Ctx,
683                                    void *DSOHandle) {
684     static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.registerAtExit(
685         F, Ctx, DSOHandle);
686   }
687 
688   static void runAtExitsHelper(void *Self, void *DSOHandle) {
689     static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->AtExitMgr.runAtExits(DSOHandle);
690   }
691 
692   void *jit_dlopen(const char *Path, int Mode) {
693     JITDylib *JDToOpen = nullptr;
694     // FIXME: Do the right thing with Mode flags.
695     {
696       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
697 
698       // Clear any existing error messages.
699       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
700 
701       if (auto *JD = J.getExecutionSession().getJITDylibByName(Path)) {
702         auto I = JDRefCounts.find(JD);
703         if (I != JDRefCounts.end()) {
704           ++I->second;
705           return JD;
706         }
707 
708         JDRefCounts[JD] = 1;
709         JDToOpen = JD;
710       }
711     }
712 
713     if (JDToOpen) {
714       if (auto Err = initialize(*JDToOpen)) {
715         recordError(std::move(Err));
716         return 0;
717       }
718     }
719 
720     // Fall through to dlopen if no JITDylib found for Path.
721     return DlFcn.dlopen(Path, Mode);
722   }
723 
724   static void *dlopenHelper(void *Self, const char *Path, int Mode) {
725     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlopen(Path, Mode);
726   }
727 
728   int jit_dlclose(void *Handle) {
729     JITDylib *JDToClose = nullptr;
730 
731     {
732       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
733 
734       // Clear any existing error messages.
735       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
736 
737       auto I = JDRefCounts.find(Handle);
738       if (I != JDRefCounts.end()) {
739         --I->second;
740         if (I->second == 0) {
741           JDRefCounts.erase(I);
742           JDToClose = static_cast<JITDylib *>(Handle);
743         } else
744           return 0;
745       }
746     }
747 
748     if (JDToClose) {
749       if (auto Err = deinitialize(*JDToClose)) {
750         recordError(std::move(Err));
751         return -1;
752       }
753       return 0;
754     }
755 
756     // Fall through to dlclose if no JITDylib found for Path.
757     return DlFcn.dlclose(Handle);
758   }
759 
760   static int dlcloseHelper(void *Self, void *Handle) {
761     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlclose(Handle);
762   }
763 
764   void *jit_dlsym(void *Handle, const char *Name) {
765     JITDylibSearchOrder JITSymSearchOrder;
766 
767     // FIXME: RTLD_NEXT, RTLD_SELF not supported.
768     {
769       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
770 
771       // Clear any existing error messages.
772       dlErrorMsgs.erase(std::this_thread::get_id());
773 
774       if (JDRefCounts.count(Handle)) {
775         JITSymSearchOrder.push_back(
776             {static_cast<JITDylib *>(Handle),
777              JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchExportedSymbolsOnly});
778       } else if (Handle == DlFcn.RTLDDefault) {
779         for (auto &KV : JDRefCounts)
780           JITSymSearchOrder.push_back(
781               {static_cast<JITDylib *>(KV.first),
782                JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchExportedSymbolsOnly});
783       }
784     }
785 
786     if (!JITSymSearchOrder.empty()) {
787       MangleAndInterner Mangle(J.getExecutionSession(), J.getDataLayout());
788       auto MangledName = Mangle(Name);
789       SymbolLookupSet Syms(MangledName,
790                            SymbolLookupFlags::WeaklyReferencedSymbol);
791       if (auto Result = J.getExecutionSession().lookup(JITSymSearchOrder, Syms,
792                                                        LookupKind::DLSym)) {
793         auto I = Result->find(MangledName);
794         if (I != Result->end())
795           return jitTargetAddressToPointer<void *>(I->second.getAddress());
796       } else {
797         recordError(Result.takeError());
798         return 0;
799       }
800     }
801 
802     // Fall through to dlsym.
803     return DlFcn.dlsym(Handle, Name);
804   }
805 
806   static void *dlsymHelper(void *Self, void *Handle, const char *Name) {
807     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlsym(Handle, Name);
808   }
809 
810   const char *jit_dlerror() {
811     {
812       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
813       auto I = dlErrorMsgs.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
814       if (I != dlErrorMsgs.end())
815         return I->second->c_str();
816     }
817     return DlFcn.dlerror();
818   }
819 
820   static const char *dlerrorHelper(void *Self) {
821     return static_cast<MachOPlatformSupport *>(Self)->jit_dlerror();
822   }
823 
824   void recordError(Error Err) {
825     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(PlatformSupportMutex);
826     dlErrorMsgs[std::this_thread::get_id()] =
827         std::make_unique<std::string>(toString(std::move(Err)));
828   }
829 
830   std::mutex PlatformSupportMutex;
831   LLJIT &J;
832   MachOPlatform &MP;
833   DlFcnValues DlFcn;
834   ItaniumCXAAtExitSupport AtExitMgr;
835   DenseMap<void *, unsigned> JDRefCounts;
836   std::map<std::thread::id, std::unique_ptr<std::string>> dlErrorMsgs;
837 };
838 
839 } // end anonymous namespace
840 
841 namespace llvm {
842 namespace orc {
843 
844 void LLJIT::PlatformSupport::setInitTransform(
845     LLJIT &J, IRTransformLayer::TransformFunction T) {
846   J.InitHelperTransformLayer->setTransform(std::move(T));
847 }
848 
849 LLJIT::PlatformSupport::~PlatformSupport() {}
850 
851 Error LLJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction() {
852 
853   if (!JTMB) {
854     if (auto JTMBOrErr = JITTargetMachineBuilder::detectHost())
855       JTMB = std::move(*JTMBOrErr);
856     else
857       return JTMBOrErr.takeError();
858   }
859 
860   // If the client didn't configure any linker options then auto-configure the
861   // JIT linker.
862   if (!CreateObjectLinkingLayer && JTMB->getCodeModel() == None &&
863       JTMB->getRelocationModel() == None) {
864 
865     auto &TT = JTMB->getTargetTriple();
866     if (TT.isOSBinFormatMachO() &&
867         (TT.getArch() == Triple::aarch64 || TT.getArch() == Triple::x86_64)) {
868 
869       JTMB->setRelocationModel(Reloc::PIC_);
870       JTMB->setCodeModel(CodeModel::Small);
871       CreateObjectLinkingLayer =
872           [](ExecutionSession &ES,
873              const Triple &) -> std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer> {
874         return std::make_unique<ObjectLinkingLayer>(
875             ES, std::make_unique<jitlink::InProcessMemoryManager>());
876       };
877     }
878   }
879 
880   return Error::success();
881 }
882 
883 LLJIT::~LLJIT() {
884   if (CompileThreads)
885     CompileThreads->wait();
886 }
887 
888 Error LLJIT::defineAbsolute(StringRef Name, JITEvaluatedSymbol Sym) {
889   auto InternedName = ES->intern(Name);
890   SymbolMap Symbols({{InternedName, Sym}});
891   return Main->define(absoluteSymbols(std::move(Symbols)));
892 }
893 
894 Error LLJIT::addIRModule(JITDylib &JD, ThreadSafeModule TSM) {
895   assert(TSM && "Can not add null module");
896 
897   if (auto Err =
898           TSM.withModuleDo([&](Module &M) { return applyDataLayout(M); }))
899     return Err;
900 
901   return InitHelperTransformLayer->add(JD, std::move(TSM),
902                                        ES->allocateVModule());
903 }
904 
905 Error LLJIT::addObjectFile(JITDylib &JD, std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> Obj) {
906   assert(Obj && "Can not add null object");
907 
908   return ObjTransformLayer.add(JD, std::move(Obj), ES->allocateVModule());
909 }
910 
911 Expected<JITEvaluatedSymbol> LLJIT::lookupLinkerMangled(JITDylib &JD,
912                                                         StringRef Name) {
913   return ES->lookup(
914       makeJITDylibSearchOrder(&JD, JITDylibLookupFlags::MatchAllSymbols),
915       ES->intern(Name));
916 }
917 
918 std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer>
919 LLJIT::createObjectLinkingLayer(LLJITBuilderState &S, ExecutionSession &ES) {
920 
921   // If the config state provided an ObjectLinkingLayer factory then use it.
922   if (S.CreateObjectLinkingLayer)
923     return S.CreateObjectLinkingLayer(ES, S.JTMB->getTargetTriple());
924 
925   // Otherwise default to creating an RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer that constructs
926   // a new SectionMemoryManager for each object.
927   auto GetMemMgr = []() { return std::make_unique<SectionMemoryManager>(); };
928   auto ObjLinkingLayer =
929       std::make_unique<RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer>(ES, std::move(GetMemMgr));
930 
931   if (S.JTMB->getTargetTriple().isOSBinFormatCOFF()) {
932     ObjLinkingLayer->setOverrideObjectFlagsWithResponsibilityFlags(true);
933     ObjLinkingLayer->setAutoClaimResponsibilityForObjectSymbols(true);
934   }
935 
936   // FIXME: Explicit conversion to std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer> added to silence
937   //        errors from some GCC / libstdc++ bots. Remove this conversion (i.e.
938   //        just return ObjLinkingLayer) once those bots are upgraded.
939   return std::unique_ptr<ObjectLayer>(std::move(ObjLinkingLayer));
940 }
941 
942 Expected<std::unique_ptr<IRCompileLayer::IRCompiler>>
943 LLJIT::createCompileFunction(LLJITBuilderState &S,
944                              JITTargetMachineBuilder JTMB) {
945 
946   /// If there is a custom compile function creator set then use it.
947   if (S.CreateCompileFunction)
948     return S.CreateCompileFunction(std::move(JTMB));
949 
950   // Otherwise default to creating a SimpleCompiler, or ConcurrentIRCompiler,
951   // depending on the number of threads requested.
952   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0)
953     return std::make_unique<ConcurrentIRCompiler>(std::move(JTMB));
954 
955   auto TM = JTMB.createTargetMachine();
956   if (!TM)
957     return TM.takeError();
958 
959   return std::make_unique<TMOwningSimpleCompiler>(std::move(*TM));
960 }
961 
962 LLJIT::LLJIT(LLJITBuilderState &S, Error &Err)
963     : ES(S.ES ? std::move(S.ES) : std::make_unique<ExecutionSession>()), Main(),
964       DL(""), TT(S.JTMB->getTargetTriple()),
965       ObjLinkingLayer(createObjectLinkingLayer(S, *ES)),
966       ObjTransformLayer(*this->ES, *ObjLinkingLayer) {
967 
968   ErrorAsOutParameter _(&Err);
969 
970   if (auto MainOrErr = this->ES->createJITDylib("main"))
971     Main = &*MainOrErr;
972   else {
973     Err = MainOrErr.takeError();
974     return;
975   }
976 
977   if (S.DL)
978     DL = std::move(*S.DL);
979   else if (auto DLOrErr = S.JTMB->getDefaultDataLayoutForTarget())
980     DL = std::move(*DLOrErr);
981   else {
982     Err = DLOrErr.takeError();
983     return;
984   }
985 
986   {
987     auto CompileFunction = createCompileFunction(S, std::move(*S.JTMB));
988     if (!CompileFunction) {
989       Err = CompileFunction.takeError();
990       return;
991     }
992     CompileLayer = std::make_unique<IRCompileLayer>(
993         *ES, ObjTransformLayer, std::move(*CompileFunction));
994     TransformLayer = std::make_unique<IRTransformLayer>(*ES, *CompileLayer);
995     InitHelperTransformLayer =
996         std::make_unique<IRTransformLayer>(*ES, *TransformLayer);
997   }
998 
999   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0) {
1000     InitHelperTransformLayer->setCloneToNewContextOnEmit(true);
1001     CompileThreads =
1002         std::make_unique<ThreadPool>(hardware_concurrency(S.NumCompileThreads));
1003     ES->setDispatchMaterialization(
1004         [this](JITDylib &JD, std::unique_ptr<MaterializationUnit> MU) {
1005           // FIXME: Switch to move capture once we have c++14.
1006           auto SharedMU = std::shared_ptr<MaterializationUnit>(std::move(MU));
1007           auto Work = [SharedMU, &JD]() { SharedMU->doMaterialize(JD); };
1008           CompileThreads->async(std::move(Work));
1009         });
1010   }
1011 
1012   if (S.SetUpPlatform)
1013     Err = S.SetUpPlatform(*this);
1014   else
1015     setUpGenericLLVMIRPlatform(*this);
1016 }
1017 
1018 std::string LLJIT::mangle(StringRef UnmangledName) {
1019   std::string MangledName;
1020   {
1021     raw_string_ostream MangledNameStream(MangledName);
1022     Mangler::getNameWithPrefix(MangledNameStream, UnmangledName, DL);
1023   }
1024   return MangledName;
1025 }
1026 
1027 Error LLJIT::applyDataLayout(Module &M) {
1028   if (M.getDataLayout().isDefault())
1029     M.setDataLayout(DL);
1030 
1031   if (M.getDataLayout() != DL)
1032     return make_error<StringError>(
1033         "Added modules have incompatible data layouts: " +
1034             M.getDataLayout().getStringRepresentation() + " (module) vs " +
1035             DL.getStringRepresentation() + " (jit)",
1036         inconvertibleErrorCode());
1037 
1038   return Error::success();
1039 }
1040 
1041 void setUpGenericLLVMIRPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
1042   J.setPlatformSupport(std::make_unique<GenericLLVMIRPlatformSupport>(J));
1043 }
1044 
1045 Error setUpMachOPlatform(LLJIT &J) {
1046   auto MP = MachOPlatformSupport::Create(J, J.getMainJITDylib());
1047   if (!MP)
1048     return MP.takeError();
1049   J.setPlatformSupport(std::move(*MP));
1050   return Error::success();
1051 }
1052 
1053 Error LLLazyJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction() {
1054   if (auto Err = LLJITBuilderState::prepareForConstruction())
1055     return Err;
1056   TT = JTMB->getTargetTriple();
1057   return Error::success();
1058 }
1059 
1060 Error LLLazyJIT::addLazyIRModule(JITDylib &JD, ThreadSafeModule TSM) {
1061   assert(TSM && "Can not add null module");
1062 
1063   if (auto Err = TSM.withModuleDo(
1064           [&](Module &M) -> Error { return applyDataLayout(M); }))
1065     return Err;
1066 
1067   return CODLayer->add(JD, std::move(TSM), ES->allocateVModule());
1068 }
1069 
1070 LLLazyJIT::LLLazyJIT(LLLazyJITBuilderState &S, Error &Err) : LLJIT(S, Err) {
1071 
1072   // If LLJIT construction failed then bail out.
1073   if (Err)
1074     return;
1075 
1076   ErrorAsOutParameter _(&Err);
1077 
1078   /// Take/Create the lazy-compile callthrough manager.
1079   if (S.LCTMgr)
1080     LCTMgr = std::move(S.LCTMgr);
1081   else {
1082     if (auto LCTMgrOrErr = createLocalLazyCallThroughManager(
1083             S.TT, *ES, S.LazyCompileFailureAddr))
1084       LCTMgr = std::move(*LCTMgrOrErr);
1085     else {
1086       Err = LCTMgrOrErr.takeError();
1087       return;
1088     }
1089   }
1090 
1091   // Take/Create the indirect stubs manager builder.
1092   auto ISMBuilder = std::move(S.ISMBuilder);
1093 
1094   // If none was provided, try to build one.
1095   if (!ISMBuilder)
1096     ISMBuilder = createLocalIndirectStubsManagerBuilder(S.TT);
1097 
1098   // No luck. Bail out.
1099   if (!ISMBuilder) {
1100     Err = make_error<StringError>("Could not construct "
1101                                   "IndirectStubsManagerBuilder for target " +
1102                                       S.TT.str(),
1103                                   inconvertibleErrorCode());
1104     return;
1105   }
1106 
1107   // Create the COD layer.
1108   CODLayer = std::make_unique<CompileOnDemandLayer>(
1109       *ES, *InitHelperTransformLayer, *LCTMgr, std::move(ISMBuilder));
1110 
1111   if (S.NumCompileThreads > 0)
1112     CODLayer->setCloneToNewContextOnEmit(true);
1113 }
1114 
1115 } // End namespace orc.
1116 } // End namespace llvm.
1117