169fad079SSanjoy Das //===-- ImplicitNullChecks.cpp - Fold null checks into memory accesses ----===//
269fad079SSanjoy Das //
369fad079SSanjoy Das //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
469fad079SSanjoy Das //
569fad079SSanjoy Das // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
669fad079SSanjoy Das // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
769fad079SSanjoy Das //
869fad079SSanjoy Das //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
969fad079SSanjoy Das //
1069fad079SSanjoy Das // This pass turns explicit null checks of the form
1169fad079SSanjoy Das //
1269fad079SSanjoy Das //   test %r10, %r10
1369fad079SSanjoy Das //   je throw_npe
1469fad079SSanjoy Das //   movl (%r10), %esi
1569fad079SSanjoy Das //   ...
1669fad079SSanjoy Das //
1769fad079SSanjoy Das // to
1869fad079SSanjoy Das //
1969fad079SSanjoy Das //   faulting_load_op("movl (%r10), %esi", throw_npe)
2069fad079SSanjoy Das //   ...
2169fad079SSanjoy Das //
2269fad079SSanjoy Das // With the help of a runtime that understands the .fault_maps section,
2369fad079SSanjoy Das // faulting_load_op branches to throw_npe if executing movl (%r10), %esi incurs
2469fad079SSanjoy Das // a page fault.
252f63cbccSSanjoy Das // Store is also supported.
2669fad079SSanjoy Das //
2769fad079SSanjoy Das //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
2869fad079SSanjoy Das 
29b7718454SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
3069fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
318ee6a30bSSanjoy Das #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
32e57bf680SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
332f63cbccSSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/FaultMaps.h"
3469fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
3569fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
36b7718454SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineMemOperand.h"
3769fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineOperand.h"
3869fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
3969fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
4069fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
4169fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineModuleInfo.h"
4269fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
4369fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
4400038784SChen Li #include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
4569fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
4669fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
4769fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/Target/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
4869fad079SSanjoy Das #include "llvm/Target/TargetInstrInfo.h"
4969fad079SSanjoy Das 
5069fad079SSanjoy Das using namespace llvm;
5169fad079SSanjoy Das 
52c27a18f3SChad Rosier static cl::opt<int> PageSize("imp-null-check-page-size",
53c27a18f3SChad Rosier                              cl::desc("The page size of the target in bytes"),
5469fad079SSanjoy Das                              cl::init(4096));
5569fad079SSanjoy Das 
569a129807SSanjoy Das static cl::opt<unsigned> MaxInstsToConsider(
579a129807SSanjoy Das     "imp-null-max-insts-to-consider",
589a129807SSanjoy Das     cl::desc("The max number of instructions to consider hoisting loads over "
599a129807SSanjoy Das              "(the algorithm is quadratic over this number)"),
609a129807SSanjoy Das     cl::init(8));
619a129807SSanjoy Das 
628ee6a30bSSanjoy Das #define DEBUG_TYPE "implicit-null-checks"
638ee6a30bSSanjoy Das 
648ee6a30bSSanjoy Das STATISTIC(NumImplicitNullChecks,
658ee6a30bSSanjoy Das           "Number of explicit null checks made implicit");
668ee6a30bSSanjoy Das 
6769fad079SSanjoy Das namespace {
6869fad079SSanjoy Das 
6969fad079SSanjoy Das class ImplicitNullChecks : public MachineFunctionPass {
709a129807SSanjoy Das   /// Return true if \c computeDependence can process \p MI.
719a129807SSanjoy Das   static bool canHandle(const MachineInstr *MI);
729a129807SSanjoy Das 
739a129807SSanjoy Das   /// Helper function for \c computeDependence.  Return true if \p A
749a129807SSanjoy Das   /// and \p B do not have any dependences between them, and can be
759a129807SSanjoy Das   /// re-ordered without changing program semantics.
769a129807SSanjoy Das   bool canReorder(const MachineInstr *A, const MachineInstr *B);
779a129807SSanjoy Das 
789a129807SSanjoy Das   /// A data type for representing the result computed by \c
799a129807SSanjoy Das   /// computeDependence.  States whether it is okay to reorder the
809a129807SSanjoy Das   /// instruction passed to \c computeDependence with at most one
819a129807SSanjoy Das   /// depednency.
829a129807SSanjoy Das   struct DependenceResult {
839a129807SSanjoy Das     /// Can we actually re-order \p MI with \p Insts (see \c
849a129807SSanjoy Das     /// computeDependence).
859a129807SSanjoy Das     bool CanReorder;
869a129807SSanjoy Das 
879a129807SSanjoy Das     /// If non-None, then an instruction in \p Insts that also must be
889a129807SSanjoy Das     /// hoisted.
899a129807SSanjoy Das     Optional<ArrayRef<MachineInstr *>::iterator> PotentialDependence;
909a129807SSanjoy Das 
919a129807SSanjoy Das     /*implicit*/ DependenceResult(
929a129807SSanjoy Das         bool CanReorder,
939a129807SSanjoy Das         Optional<ArrayRef<MachineInstr *>::iterator> PotentialDependence)
949a129807SSanjoy Das         : CanReorder(CanReorder), PotentialDependence(PotentialDependence) {
959a129807SSanjoy Das       assert((!PotentialDependence || CanReorder) &&
969a129807SSanjoy Das              "!CanReorder && PotentialDependence.hasValue() not allowed!");
979a129807SSanjoy Das     }
989a129807SSanjoy Das   };
999a129807SSanjoy Das 
1009a129807SSanjoy Das   /// Compute a result for the following question: can \p MI be
1019a129807SSanjoy Das   /// re-ordered from after \p Insts to before it.
1029a129807SSanjoy Das   ///
1039a129807SSanjoy Das   /// \c canHandle should return true for all instructions in \p
1049a129807SSanjoy Das   /// Insts.
1059a129807SSanjoy Das   DependenceResult computeDependence(const MachineInstr *MI,
1069a129807SSanjoy Das                                      ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> Insts);
1079a129807SSanjoy Das 
10869fad079SSanjoy Das   /// Represents one null check that can be made implicit.
109e173b9aeSSanjoy Das   class NullCheck {
11069fad079SSanjoy Das     // The memory operation the null check can be folded into.
11169fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *MemOperation;
11269fad079SSanjoy Das 
11369fad079SSanjoy Das     // The instruction actually doing the null check (Ptr != 0).
11469fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *CheckOperation;
11569fad079SSanjoy Das 
11669fad079SSanjoy Das     // The block the check resides in.
11769fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *CheckBlock;
11869fad079SSanjoy Das 
119572e03a3SEric Christopher     // The block branched to if the pointer is non-null.
12069fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *NotNullSucc;
12169fad079SSanjoy Das 
122572e03a3SEric Christopher     // The block branched to if the pointer is null.
12369fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *NullSucc;
12469fad079SSanjoy Das 
125e57bf680SSanjoy Das     // If this is non-null, then MemOperation has a dependency on on this
126e57bf680SSanjoy Das     // instruction; and it needs to be hoisted to execute before MemOperation.
127e57bf680SSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *OnlyDependency;
128e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
129e173b9aeSSanjoy Das   public:
13069fad079SSanjoy Das     explicit NullCheck(MachineInstr *memOperation, MachineInstr *checkOperation,
13169fad079SSanjoy Das                        MachineBasicBlock *checkBlock,
13269fad079SSanjoy Das                        MachineBasicBlock *notNullSucc,
133e57bf680SSanjoy Das                        MachineBasicBlock *nullSucc,
134e57bf680SSanjoy Das                        MachineInstr *onlyDependency)
13569fad079SSanjoy Das         : MemOperation(memOperation), CheckOperation(checkOperation),
136e57bf680SSanjoy Das           CheckBlock(checkBlock), NotNullSucc(notNullSucc), NullSucc(nullSucc),
137e57bf680SSanjoy Das           OnlyDependency(onlyDependency) {}
138e173b9aeSSanjoy Das 
139e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *getMemOperation() const { return MemOperation; }
140e173b9aeSSanjoy Das 
141e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *getCheckOperation() const { return CheckOperation; }
142e173b9aeSSanjoy Das 
143e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *getCheckBlock() const { return CheckBlock; }
144e173b9aeSSanjoy Das 
145e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *getNotNullSucc() const { return NotNullSucc; }
146e173b9aeSSanjoy Das 
147e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *getNullSucc() const { return NullSucc; }
148e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
149e57bf680SSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *getOnlyDependency() const { return OnlyDependency; }
15069fad079SSanjoy Das   };
15169fad079SSanjoy Das 
15269fad079SSanjoy Das   const TargetInstrInfo *TII = nullptr;
15369fad079SSanjoy Das   const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI = nullptr;
154e57bf680SSanjoy Das   AliasAnalysis *AA = nullptr;
15569fad079SSanjoy Das   MachineModuleInfo *MMI = nullptr;
156*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   MachineFrameInfo *MFI = nullptr;
15769fad079SSanjoy Das 
15869fad079SSanjoy Das   bool analyzeBlockForNullChecks(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
15969fad079SSanjoy Das                                  SmallVectorImpl<NullCheck> &NullCheckList);
1602f63cbccSSanjoy Das   MachineInstr *insertFaultingInstr(MachineInstr *MI, MachineBasicBlock *MBB,
1614e1d389aSQuentin Colombet                                     MachineBasicBlock *HandlerMBB);
16269fad079SSanjoy Das   void rewriteNullChecks(ArrayRef<NullCheck> NullCheckList);
16369fad079SSanjoy Das 
164*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   enum AliasResult {
165*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     AR_NoAlias,
166*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     AR_MayAlias,
167*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     AR_WillAliasEverything
168*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   };
169*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   /// Returns AR_NoAlias if \p MI memory operation does not alias with
170*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   /// \p PrevMI, AR_MayAlias if they may alias and AR_WillAliasEverything if
171*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   /// they may alias and any further memory operation may alias with \p PrevMI.
172*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   AliasResult areMemoryOpsAliased(MachineInstr &MI, MachineInstr *PrevMI);
17315e50b51SSanjoy Das 
174*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   enum SuitabilityResult {
175*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     SR_Suitable,
176*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     SR_Unsuitable,
177*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     SR_Impossible
178*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   };
17915e50b51SSanjoy Das   /// Return SR_Suitable if \p MI a memory operation that can be used to
18015e50b51SSanjoy Das   /// implicitly null check the value in \p PointerReg, SR_Unsuitable if
18115e50b51SSanjoy Das   /// \p MI cannot be used to null check and SR_Impossible if there is
18215e50b51SSanjoy Das   /// no sense to continue lookup due to any other instruction will not be able
18315e50b51SSanjoy Das   /// to be used. \p PrevInsts is the set of instruction seen since
184*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   /// the explicit null check on \p PointerReg.
18515e50b51SSanjoy Das   SuitabilityResult isSuitableMemoryOp(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned PointerReg,
186*eef785c1SSanjoy Das                                        ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> PrevInsts);
18750fef432SSanjoy Das 
18850fef432SSanjoy Das   /// Return true if \p FaultingMI can be hoisted from after the the
18950fef432SSanjoy Das   /// instructions in \p InstsSeenSoFar to before them.  Set \p Dependence to a
19050fef432SSanjoy Das   /// non-null value if we also need to (and legally can) hoist a depedency.
1912f63cbccSSanjoy Das   bool canHoistInst(MachineInstr *FaultingMI, unsigned PointerReg,
19250fef432SSanjoy Das                     ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> InstsSeenSoFar,
19350fef432SSanjoy Das                     MachineBasicBlock *NullSucc, MachineInstr *&Dependence);
19450fef432SSanjoy Das 
19569fad079SSanjoy Das public:
19669fad079SSanjoy Das   static char ID;
19769fad079SSanjoy Das 
19869fad079SSanjoy Das   ImplicitNullChecks() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {
19969fad079SSanjoy Das     initializeImplicitNullChecksPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
20069fad079SSanjoy Das   }
20169fad079SSanjoy Das 
20269fad079SSanjoy Das   bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) override;
203e57bf680SSanjoy Das   void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
204e57bf680SSanjoy Das     AU.addRequired<AAResultsWrapperPass>();
205e57bf680SSanjoy Das     MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
206e57bf680SSanjoy Das   }
207ad154c83SDerek Schuff 
208ad154c83SDerek Schuff   MachineFunctionProperties getRequiredProperties() const override {
209ad154c83SDerek Schuff     return MachineFunctionProperties().set(
2101eb47368SMatthias Braun         MachineFunctionProperties::Property::NoVRegs);
211ad154c83SDerek Schuff   }
21269fad079SSanjoy Das };
213edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
214e57bf680SSanjoy Das }
215e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
2169a129807SSanjoy Das bool ImplicitNullChecks::canHandle(const MachineInstr *MI) {
2172f63cbccSSanjoy Das   if (MI->isCall() || MI->hasUnmodeledSideEffects())
2189a129807SSanjoy Das     return false;
2199a129807SSanjoy Das   auto IsRegMask = [](const MachineOperand &MO) { return MO.isRegMask(); };
2209a129807SSanjoy Das   (void)IsRegMask;
221edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2229a129807SSanjoy Das   assert(!llvm::any_of(MI->operands(), IsRegMask) &&
2239a129807SSanjoy Das          "Calls were filtered out above!");
224edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2259a129807SSanjoy Das   auto IsUnordered = [](MachineMemOperand *MMO) { return MMO->isUnordered(); };
2269a129807SSanjoy Das   return llvm::all_of(MI->memoperands(), IsUnordered);
227edc394f1SSanjoy Das }
228edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2299a129807SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::DependenceResult
2309a129807SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::computeDependence(const MachineInstr *MI,
2319a129807SSanjoy Das                                       ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> Block) {
2329a129807SSanjoy Das   assert(llvm::all_of(Block, canHandle) && "Check this first!");
2339a129807SSanjoy Das   assert(!llvm::is_contained(Block, MI) && "Block must be exclusive of MI!");
234edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2359a129807SSanjoy Das   Optional<ArrayRef<MachineInstr *>::iterator> Dep;
236edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2379a129807SSanjoy Das   for (auto I = Block.begin(), E = Block.end(); I != E; ++I) {
2389a129807SSanjoy Das     if (canReorder(*I, MI))
239edc394f1SSanjoy Das       continue;
240edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2419a129807SSanjoy Das     if (Dep == None) {
2429a129807SSanjoy Das       // Found one possible dependency, keep track of it.
2439a129807SSanjoy Das       Dep = I;
2449a129807SSanjoy Das     } else {
2459a129807SSanjoy Das       // We found two dependencies, so bail out.
2469a129807SSanjoy Das       return {false, None};
247edc394f1SSanjoy Das     }
248edc394f1SSanjoy Das   }
249edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2509a129807SSanjoy Das   return {true, Dep};
2519a129807SSanjoy Das }
252edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2539a129807SSanjoy Das bool ImplicitNullChecks::canReorder(const MachineInstr *A,
2549a129807SSanjoy Das                                     const MachineInstr *B) {
2559a129807SSanjoy Das   assert(canHandle(A) && canHandle(B) && "Precondition!");
256edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
2579a129807SSanjoy Das   // canHandle makes sure that we _can_ correctly analyze the dependencies
2589a129807SSanjoy Das   // between A and B here -- for instance, we should not be dealing with heap
2599a129807SSanjoy Das   // load-store dependencies here.
2609a129807SSanjoy Das 
2619a129807SSanjoy Das   for (auto MOA : A->operands()) {
2629a129807SSanjoy Das     if (!(MOA.isReg() && MOA.getReg()))
263e57bf680SSanjoy Das       continue;
264e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
2659a129807SSanjoy Das     unsigned RegA = MOA.getReg();
2669a129807SSanjoy Das     for (auto MOB : B->operands()) {
2679a129807SSanjoy Das       if (!(MOB.isReg() && MOB.getReg()))
268e57bf680SSanjoy Das         continue;
2699a129807SSanjoy Das 
2709a129807SSanjoy Das       unsigned RegB = MOB.getReg();
2719a129807SSanjoy Das 
27208da2e28SSanjoy Das       if (TRI->regsOverlap(RegA, RegB) && (MOA.isDef() || MOB.isDef()))
273e57bf680SSanjoy Das         return false;
274e57bf680SSanjoy Das     }
275edc394f1SSanjoy Das   }
276edc394f1SSanjoy Das 
277edc394f1SSanjoy Das   return true;
278f00654e3SAlexander Kornienko }
27969fad079SSanjoy Das 
28069fad079SSanjoy Das bool ImplicitNullChecks::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
28169fad079SSanjoy Das   TII = MF.getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
28269fad079SSanjoy Das   TRI = MF.getRegInfo().getTargetRegisterInfo();
28369fad079SSanjoy Das   MMI = &MF.getMMI();
284*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   MFI = &MF.getFrameInfo();
285e57bf680SSanjoy Das   AA = &getAnalysis<AAResultsWrapperPass>().getAAResults();
28669fad079SSanjoy Das 
28769fad079SSanjoy Das   SmallVector<NullCheck, 16> NullCheckList;
28869fad079SSanjoy Das 
28969fad079SSanjoy Das   for (auto &MBB : MF)
29069fad079SSanjoy Das     analyzeBlockForNullChecks(MBB, NullCheckList);
29169fad079SSanjoy Das 
29269fad079SSanjoy Das   if (!NullCheckList.empty())
29369fad079SSanjoy Das     rewriteNullChecks(NullCheckList);
29469fad079SSanjoy Das 
29569fad079SSanjoy Das   return !NullCheckList.empty();
29669fad079SSanjoy Das }
29769fad079SSanjoy Das 
298e57bf680SSanjoy Das // Return true if any register aliasing \p Reg is live-in into \p MBB.
299e57bf680SSanjoy Das static bool AnyAliasLiveIn(const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI,
300e57bf680SSanjoy Das                            MachineBasicBlock *MBB, unsigned Reg) {
301e57bf680SSanjoy Das   for (MCRegAliasIterator AR(Reg, TRI, /*IncludeSelf*/ true); AR.isValid();
302e57bf680SSanjoy Das        ++AR)
303e57bf680SSanjoy Das     if (MBB->isLiveIn(*AR))
304e57bf680SSanjoy Das       return true;
305e57bf680SSanjoy Das   return false;
306e57bf680SSanjoy Das }
307e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
308*eef785c1SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::AliasResult
309*eef785c1SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::areMemoryOpsAliased(MachineInstr &MI,
310*eef785c1SSanjoy Das                                         MachineInstr *PrevMI) {
311*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   // If it is not memory access, skip the check.
312*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   if (!(PrevMI->mayStore() || PrevMI->mayLoad()))
313*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return AR_NoAlias;
314*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   // Load-Load may alias
315*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   if (!(MI.mayStore() || PrevMI->mayStore()))
316*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return AR_NoAlias;
317*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   // We lost info, conservatively alias. If it was store then no sense to
318*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   // continue because we won't be able to check against it further.
319*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   if (MI.memoperands_empty())
320*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return MI.mayStore() ? AR_WillAliasEverything : AR_MayAlias;
321*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   if (PrevMI->memoperands_empty())
322*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return PrevMI->mayStore() ? AR_WillAliasEverything : AR_MayAlias;
323*eef785c1SSanjoy Das 
324*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   for (MachineMemOperand *MMO1 : MI.memoperands()) {
325*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     // MMO1 should have a value due it comes from operation we'd like to use
326*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     // as implicit null check.
327*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     assert(MMO1->getValue() && "MMO1 should have a Value!");
328*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     for (MachineMemOperand *MMO2 : PrevMI->memoperands()) {
329*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       if (const PseudoSourceValue *PSV = MMO2->getPseudoValue()) {
330*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         if (PSV->mayAlias(MFI))
331*eef785c1SSanjoy Das           return AR_MayAlias;
332*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         continue;
333*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       }
334*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       llvm::AliasResult AAResult = AA->alias(
335*eef785c1SSanjoy Das           MemoryLocation(MMO1->getValue(), MemoryLocation::UnknownSize,
336*eef785c1SSanjoy Das                          MMO1->getAAInfo()),
337*eef785c1SSanjoy Das           MemoryLocation(MMO2->getValue(), MemoryLocation::UnknownSize,
338*eef785c1SSanjoy Das                          MMO2->getAAInfo()));
339*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       if (AAResult != NoAlias)
340*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         return AR_MayAlias;
341*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     }
342*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   }
343*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   return AR_NoAlias;
344*eef785c1SSanjoy Das }
345*eef785c1SSanjoy Das 
34615e50b51SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::SuitabilityResult
34715e50b51SSanjoy Das ImplicitNullChecks::isSuitableMemoryOp(MachineInstr &MI, unsigned PointerReg,
348*eef785c1SSanjoy Das                                        ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> PrevInsts) {
34950fef432SSanjoy Das   int64_t Offset;
35050fef432SSanjoy Das   unsigned BaseReg;
35150fef432SSanjoy Das 
35250fef432SSanjoy Das   if (!TII->getMemOpBaseRegImmOfs(MI, BaseReg, Offset, TRI) ||
35350fef432SSanjoy Das       BaseReg != PointerReg)
354*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return SR_Unsuitable;
35550fef432SSanjoy Das 
3562f63cbccSSanjoy Das   // We want the mem access to be issued at a sane offset from PointerReg,
3572f63cbccSSanjoy Das   // so that if PointerReg is null then the access reliably page faults.
3582f63cbccSSanjoy Das   if (!((MI.mayLoad() || MI.mayStore()) && !MI.isPredicable() &&
3592f63cbccSSanjoy Das         Offset < PageSize))
360*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     return SR_Unsuitable;
36150fef432SSanjoy Das 
3622f63cbccSSanjoy Das   // Finally, we need to make sure that the access instruction actually is
3632f63cbccSSanjoy Das   // accessing from PointerReg, and there isn't some re-definition of PointerReg
3642f63cbccSSanjoy Das   // between the compare and the memory access.
36515e50b51SSanjoy Das   // If PointerReg has been redefined before then there is no sense to continue
36615e50b51SSanjoy Das   // lookup due to this condition will fail for any further instruction.
367*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   SuitabilityResult Suitable = SR_Suitable;
36850fef432SSanjoy Das   for (auto *PrevMI : PrevInsts)
369*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     for (auto &PrevMO : PrevMI->operands()) {
37008da2e28SSanjoy Das       if (PrevMO.isReg() && PrevMO.getReg() && PrevMO.isDef() &&
37150fef432SSanjoy Das           TRI->regsOverlap(PrevMO.getReg(), PointerReg))
37215e50b51SSanjoy Das         return SR_Impossible;
37350fef432SSanjoy Das 
374*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       // Check whether the current memory access aliases with previous one.
375*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       // If we already found that it aliases then no need to continue.
376*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       // But we continue base pointer check as it can result in SR_Impossible.
377*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       if (Suitable == SR_Suitable) {
378*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         AliasResult AR = areMemoryOpsAliased(MI, PrevMI);
379*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         if (AR == AR_WillAliasEverything)
380*eef785c1SSanjoy Das           return SR_Impossible;
381*eef785c1SSanjoy Das         if (AR == AR_MayAlias)
382*eef785c1SSanjoy Das           Suitable = SR_Unsuitable;
383*eef785c1SSanjoy Das       }
384*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     }
385*eef785c1SSanjoy Das   return Suitable;
38650fef432SSanjoy Das }
38750fef432SSanjoy Das 
3882f63cbccSSanjoy Das bool ImplicitNullChecks::canHoistInst(MachineInstr *FaultingMI,
3892f63cbccSSanjoy Das                                       unsigned PointerReg,
3902f63cbccSSanjoy Das                                       ArrayRef<MachineInstr *> InstsSeenSoFar,
3912f63cbccSSanjoy Das                                       MachineBasicBlock *NullSucc,
39250fef432SSanjoy Das                                       MachineInstr *&Dependence) {
39350fef432SSanjoy Das   auto DepResult = computeDependence(FaultingMI, InstsSeenSoFar);
39450fef432SSanjoy Das   if (!DepResult.CanReorder)
39550fef432SSanjoy Das     return false;
39650fef432SSanjoy Das 
39750fef432SSanjoy Das   if (!DepResult.PotentialDependence) {
39850fef432SSanjoy Das     Dependence = nullptr;
39950fef432SSanjoy Das     return true;
40050fef432SSanjoy Das   }
40150fef432SSanjoy Das 
40250fef432SSanjoy Das   auto DependenceItr = *DepResult.PotentialDependence;
40350fef432SSanjoy Das   auto *DependenceMI = *DependenceItr;
40450fef432SSanjoy Das 
40550fef432SSanjoy Das   // We don't want to reason about speculating loads.  Note -- at this point
40650fef432SSanjoy Das   // we should have already filtered out all of the other non-speculatable
40750fef432SSanjoy Das   // things, like calls and stores.
40850fef432SSanjoy Das   assert(canHandle(DependenceMI) && "Should never have reached here!");
40950fef432SSanjoy Das   if (DependenceMI->mayLoad())
41050fef432SSanjoy Das     return false;
41150fef432SSanjoy Das 
41250fef432SSanjoy Das   for (auto &DependenceMO : DependenceMI->operands()) {
41350fef432SSanjoy Das     if (!(DependenceMO.isReg() && DependenceMO.getReg()))
41450fef432SSanjoy Das       continue;
41550fef432SSanjoy Das 
41650fef432SSanjoy Das     // Make sure that we won't clobber any live ins to the sibling block by
41750fef432SSanjoy Das     // hoisting Dependency.  For instance, we can't hoist INST to before the
41850fef432SSanjoy Das     // null check (even if it safe, and does not violate any dependencies in
41950fef432SSanjoy Das     // the non_null_block) if %rdx is live in to _null_block.
42050fef432SSanjoy Das     //
42150fef432SSanjoy Das     //    test %rcx, %rcx
42250fef432SSanjoy Das     //    je _null_block
42350fef432SSanjoy Das     //  _non_null_block:
42450fef432SSanjoy Das     //    %rdx<def> = INST
42550fef432SSanjoy Das     //    ...
42650fef432SSanjoy Das     //
42750fef432SSanjoy Das     // This restriction does not apply to the faulting load inst because in
42850fef432SSanjoy Das     // case the pointer loaded from is in the null page, the load will not
42950fef432SSanjoy Das     // semantically execute, and affect machine state.  That is, if the load
43050fef432SSanjoy Das     // was loading into %rax and it faults, the value of %rax should stay the
43150fef432SSanjoy Das     // same as it would have been had the load not have executed and we'd have
43250fef432SSanjoy Das     // branched to NullSucc directly.
43350fef432SSanjoy Das     if (AnyAliasLiveIn(TRI, NullSucc, DependenceMO.getReg()))
43450fef432SSanjoy Das       return false;
43550fef432SSanjoy Das 
43650fef432SSanjoy Das     // The Dependency can't be re-defining the base register -- then we won't
43750fef432SSanjoy Das     // get the memory operation on the address we want.  This is already
43850fef432SSanjoy Das     // checked in \c IsSuitableMemoryOp.
43908da2e28SSanjoy Das     assert(!(DependenceMO.isDef() &&
44008da2e28SSanjoy Das              TRI->regsOverlap(DependenceMO.getReg(), PointerReg)) &&
44150fef432SSanjoy Das            "Should have been checked before!");
44250fef432SSanjoy Das   }
44350fef432SSanjoy Das 
44450fef432SSanjoy Das   auto DepDepResult =
44550fef432SSanjoy Das       computeDependence(DependenceMI, {InstsSeenSoFar.begin(), DependenceItr});
44650fef432SSanjoy Das 
44750fef432SSanjoy Das   if (!DepDepResult.CanReorder || DepDepResult.PotentialDependence)
44850fef432SSanjoy Das     return false;
44950fef432SSanjoy Das 
45050fef432SSanjoy Das   Dependence = DependenceMI;
45150fef432SSanjoy Das   return true;
45250fef432SSanjoy Das }
45350fef432SSanjoy Das 
45469fad079SSanjoy Das /// Analyze MBB to check if its terminating branch can be turned into an
45569fad079SSanjoy Das /// implicit null check.  If yes, append a description of the said null check to
45669fad079SSanjoy Das /// NullCheckList and return true, else return false.
45769fad079SSanjoy Das bool ImplicitNullChecks::analyzeBlockForNullChecks(
45869fad079SSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock &MBB, SmallVectorImpl<NullCheck> &NullCheckList) {
45969fad079SSanjoy Das   typedef TargetInstrInfo::MachineBranchPredicate MachineBranchPredicate;
46069fad079SSanjoy Das 
461e8b81649SSanjoy Das   MDNode *BranchMD = nullptr;
462e8b81649SSanjoy Das   if (auto *BB = MBB.getBasicBlock())
463e8b81649SSanjoy Das     BranchMD = BB->getTerminator()->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_make_implicit);
464e8b81649SSanjoy Das 
4659c41a93eSSanjoy Das   if (!BranchMD)
4669c41a93eSSanjoy Das     return false;
4679c41a93eSSanjoy Das 
46869fad079SSanjoy Das   MachineBranchPredicate MBP;
46969fad079SSanjoy Das 
47071c30a14SJacques Pienaar   if (TII->analyzeBranchPredicate(MBB, MBP, true))
47169fad079SSanjoy Das     return false;
47269fad079SSanjoy Das 
47369fad079SSanjoy Das   // Is the predicate comparing an integer to zero?
47469fad079SSanjoy Das   if (!(MBP.LHS.isReg() && MBP.RHS.isImm() && MBP.RHS.getImm() == 0 &&
47569fad079SSanjoy Das         (MBP.Predicate == MachineBranchPredicate::PRED_NE ||
47669fad079SSanjoy Das          MBP.Predicate == MachineBranchPredicate::PRED_EQ)))
47769fad079SSanjoy Das     return false;
47869fad079SSanjoy Das 
47969fad079SSanjoy Das   // If we cannot erase the test instruction itself, then making the null check
48069fad079SSanjoy Das   // implicit does not buy us much.
48169fad079SSanjoy Das   if (!MBP.SingleUseCondition)
48269fad079SSanjoy Das     return false;
48369fad079SSanjoy Das 
48469fad079SSanjoy Das   MachineBasicBlock *NotNullSucc, *NullSucc;
48569fad079SSanjoy Das 
48669fad079SSanjoy Das   if (MBP.Predicate == MachineBranchPredicate::PRED_NE) {
48769fad079SSanjoy Das     NotNullSucc = MBP.TrueDest;
48869fad079SSanjoy Das     NullSucc = MBP.FalseDest;
48969fad079SSanjoy Das   } else {
49069fad079SSanjoy Das     NotNullSucc = MBP.FalseDest;
49169fad079SSanjoy Das     NullSucc = MBP.TrueDest;
49269fad079SSanjoy Das   }
49369fad079SSanjoy Das 
49469fad079SSanjoy Das   // We handle the simplest case for now.  We can potentially do better by using
49569fad079SSanjoy Das   // the machine dominator tree.
49669fad079SSanjoy Das   if (NotNullSucc->pred_size() != 1)
49769fad079SSanjoy Das     return false;
49869fad079SSanjoy Das 
49969fad079SSanjoy Das   // Starting with a code fragment like:
50069fad079SSanjoy Das   //
50169fad079SSanjoy Das   //   test %RAX, %RAX
50269fad079SSanjoy Das   //   jne LblNotNull
50369fad079SSanjoy Das   //
50469fad079SSanjoy Das   //  LblNull:
50569fad079SSanjoy Das   //   callq throw_NullPointerException
50669fad079SSanjoy Das   //
50769fad079SSanjoy Das   //  LblNotNull:
508b7718454SSanjoy Das   //   Inst0
509b7718454SSanjoy Das   //   Inst1
510b7718454SSanjoy Das   //   ...
51169fad079SSanjoy Das   //   Def = Load (%RAX + <offset>)
51269fad079SSanjoy Das   //   ...
51369fad079SSanjoy Das   //
51469fad079SSanjoy Das   //
51569fad079SSanjoy Das   // we want to end up with
51669fad079SSanjoy Das   //
517ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //   Def = FaultingLoad (%RAX + <offset>), LblNull
51869fad079SSanjoy Das   //   jmp LblNotNull ;; explicit or fallthrough
51969fad079SSanjoy Das   //
52069fad079SSanjoy Das   //  LblNotNull:
521b7718454SSanjoy Das   //   Inst0
522b7718454SSanjoy Das   //   Inst1
52369fad079SSanjoy Das   //   ...
52469fad079SSanjoy Das   //
52569fad079SSanjoy Das   //  LblNull:
52669fad079SSanjoy Das   //   callq throw_NullPointerException
52769fad079SSanjoy Das   //
528ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
529ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // To see why this is legal, consider the two possibilities:
530ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
531ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //  1. %RAX is null: since we constrain <offset> to be less than PageSize, the
532ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //     load instruction dereferences the null page, causing a segmentation
533ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //     fault.
534ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
535ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //  2. %RAX is not null: in this case we know that the load cannot fault, as
536ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //     otherwise the load would've faulted in the original program too and the
537ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //     original program would've been undefined.
538ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
539ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // This reasoning cannot be extended to justify hoisting through arbitrary
540ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // control flow.  For instance, in the example below (in pseudo-C)
541ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
542ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //    if (ptr == null) { throw_npe(); unreachable; }
543ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //    if (some_cond) { return 42; }
544ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //    v = ptr->field;  // LD
545ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //    ...
546ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   //
547ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // we cannot (without code duplication) use the load marked "LD" to null check
548ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // ptr -- clause (2) above does not apply in this case.  In the above program
549ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // the safety of ptr->field can be dependent on some_cond; and, for instance,
550ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // ptr could be some non-null invalid reference that never gets loaded from
551ac9c5b19SSanjoy Das   // because some_cond is always true.
55269fad079SSanjoy Das 
5539a129807SSanjoy Das   const unsigned PointerReg = MBP.LHS.getReg();
554b7718454SSanjoy Das 
5559a129807SSanjoy Das   SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 8> InstsSeenSoFar;
556b7718454SSanjoy Das 
5579a129807SSanjoy Das   for (auto &MI : *NotNullSucc) {
5589a129807SSanjoy Das     if (!canHandle(&MI) || InstsSeenSoFar.size() >= MaxInstsToConsider)
5599a129807SSanjoy Das       return false;
560e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
5619a129807SSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *Dependence;
562*eef785c1SSanjoy Das     SuitabilityResult SR = isSuitableMemoryOp(MI, PointerReg, InstsSeenSoFar);
56315e50b51SSanjoy Das     if (SR == SR_Impossible)
56415e50b51SSanjoy Das       return false;
5652f63cbccSSanjoy Das     if (SR == SR_Suitable &&
5662f63cbccSSanjoy Das         canHoistInst(&MI, PointerReg, InstsSeenSoFar, NullSucc, Dependence)) {
5679cfc75c2SDuncan P. N. Exon Smith       NullCheckList.emplace_back(&MI, MBP.ConditionDef, &MBB, NotNullSucc,
5689a129807SSanjoy Das                                  NullSucc, Dependence);
569e57bf680SSanjoy Das       return true;
570e57bf680SSanjoy Das     }
57169fad079SSanjoy Das 
5729a129807SSanjoy Das     InstsSeenSoFar.push_back(&MI);
573b7718454SSanjoy Das   }
574b7718454SSanjoy Das 
57569fad079SSanjoy Das   return false;
57669fad079SSanjoy Das }
57769fad079SSanjoy Das 
5782f63cbccSSanjoy Das /// Wrap a machine instruction, MI, into a FAULTING machine instruction.
5792f63cbccSSanjoy Das /// The FAULTING instruction does the same load/store as MI
5802f63cbccSSanjoy Das /// (defining the same register), and branches to HandlerMBB if the mem access
5812f63cbccSSanjoy Das /// faults.  The FAULTING instruction is inserted at the end of MBB.
5822f63cbccSSanjoy Das MachineInstr *ImplicitNullChecks::insertFaultingInstr(
5832f63cbccSSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *MI, MachineBasicBlock *MBB, MachineBasicBlock *HandlerMBB) {
58493d608c3SSanjoy Das   const unsigned NoRegister = 0; // Guaranteed to be the NoRegister value for
58593d608c3SSanjoy Das                                  // all targets.
58693d608c3SSanjoy Das 
58769fad079SSanjoy Das   DebugLoc DL;
5882f63cbccSSanjoy Das   unsigned NumDefs = MI->getDesc().getNumDefs();
58993d608c3SSanjoy Das   assert(NumDefs <= 1 && "other cases unhandled!");
59069fad079SSanjoy Das 
59193d608c3SSanjoy Das   unsigned DefReg = NoRegister;
59293d608c3SSanjoy Das   if (NumDefs != 0) {
5932f63cbccSSanjoy Das     DefReg = MI->defs().begin()->getReg();
5942f63cbccSSanjoy Das     assert(std::distance(MI->defs().begin(), MI->defs().end()) == 1 &&
59569fad079SSanjoy Das            "expected exactly one def!");
59693d608c3SSanjoy Das   }
59769fad079SSanjoy Das 
5982f63cbccSSanjoy Das   FaultMaps::FaultKind FK;
5992f63cbccSSanjoy Das   if (MI->mayLoad())
6002f63cbccSSanjoy Das     FK =
6012f63cbccSSanjoy Das         MI->mayStore() ? FaultMaps::FaultingLoadStore : FaultMaps::FaultingLoad;
6022f63cbccSSanjoy Das   else
6032f63cbccSSanjoy Das     FK = FaultMaps::FaultingStore;
60469fad079SSanjoy Das 
6052f63cbccSSanjoy Das   auto MIB = BuildMI(MBB, DL, TII->get(TargetOpcode::FAULTING_OP), DefReg)
6062f63cbccSSanjoy Das                  .addImm(FK)
6072f63cbccSSanjoy Das                  .addMBB(HandlerMBB)
6082f63cbccSSanjoy Das                  .addImm(MI->getOpcode());
6092f63cbccSSanjoy Das 
6102f63cbccSSanjoy Das   for (auto &MO : MI->uses())
611116bbab4SDiana Picus     MIB.add(MO);
61269fad079SSanjoy Das 
6132f63cbccSSanjoy Das   MIB.setMemRefs(MI->memoperands_begin(), MI->memoperands_end());
61469fad079SSanjoy Das 
61569fad079SSanjoy Das   return MIB;
61669fad079SSanjoy Das }
61769fad079SSanjoy Das 
61869fad079SSanjoy Das /// Rewrite the null checks in NullCheckList into implicit null checks.
61969fad079SSanjoy Das void ImplicitNullChecks::rewriteNullChecks(
62069fad079SSanjoy Das     ArrayRef<ImplicitNullChecks::NullCheck> NullCheckList) {
62169fad079SSanjoy Das   DebugLoc DL;
62269fad079SSanjoy Das 
62369fad079SSanjoy Das   for (auto &NC : NullCheckList) {
62469fad079SSanjoy Das     // Remove the conditional branch dependent on the null check.
6251b9fc8edSMatt Arsenault     unsigned BranchesRemoved = TII->removeBranch(*NC.getCheckBlock());
62669fad079SSanjoy Das     (void)BranchesRemoved;
62769fad079SSanjoy Das     assert(BranchesRemoved > 0 && "expected at least one branch!");
62869fad079SSanjoy Das 
629e57bf680SSanjoy Das     if (auto *DepMI = NC.getOnlyDependency()) {
630e57bf680SSanjoy Das       DepMI->removeFromParent();
631e57bf680SSanjoy Das       NC.getCheckBlock()->insert(NC.getCheckBlock()->end(), DepMI);
632e57bf680SSanjoy Das     }
633e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
6342f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // Insert a faulting instruction where the conditional branch was
6352f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // originally. We check earlier ensures that this bit of code motion
6362f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // is legal.  We do not touch the successors list for any basic block
6372f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // since we haven't changed control flow, we've just made it implicit.
6382f63cbccSSanjoy Das     MachineInstr *FaultingInstr = insertFaultingInstr(
639e173b9aeSSanjoy Das         NC.getMemOperation(), NC.getCheckBlock(), NC.getNullSucc());
64026dab3a4SQuentin Colombet     // Now the values defined by MemOperation, if any, are live-in of
64126dab3a4SQuentin Colombet     // the block of MemOperation.
6422f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // The original operation may define implicit-defs alongside
6432f63cbccSSanjoy Das     // the value.
644e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     MachineBasicBlock *MBB = NC.getMemOperation()->getParent();
6452f63cbccSSanjoy Das     for (const MachineOperand &MO : FaultingInstr->operands()) {
64626dab3a4SQuentin Colombet       if (!MO.isReg() || !MO.isDef())
64726dab3a4SQuentin Colombet         continue;
64826dab3a4SQuentin Colombet       unsigned Reg = MO.getReg();
64926dab3a4SQuentin Colombet       if (!Reg || MBB->isLiveIn(Reg))
65026dab3a4SQuentin Colombet         continue;
65112b69919SQuentin Colombet       MBB->addLiveIn(Reg);
65212b69919SQuentin Colombet     }
653e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
654e57bf680SSanjoy Das     if (auto *DepMI = NC.getOnlyDependency()) {
655e57bf680SSanjoy Das       for (auto &MO : DepMI->operands()) {
656e57bf680SSanjoy Das         if (!MO.isReg() || !MO.getReg() || !MO.isDef())
657e57bf680SSanjoy Das           continue;
658e57bf680SSanjoy Das         if (!NC.getNotNullSucc()->isLiveIn(MO.getReg()))
659e57bf680SSanjoy Das           NC.getNotNullSucc()->addLiveIn(MO.getReg());
660e57bf680SSanjoy Das       }
661e57bf680SSanjoy Das     }
662e57bf680SSanjoy Das 
663e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     NC.getMemOperation()->eraseFromParent();
664e173b9aeSSanjoy Das     NC.getCheckOperation()->eraseFromParent();
66569fad079SSanjoy Das 
66669fad079SSanjoy Das     // Insert an *unconditional* branch to not-null successor.
667e8e0f5caSMatt Arsenault     TII->insertBranch(*NC.getCheckBlock(), NC.getNotNullSucc(), nullptr,
668e173b9aeSSanjoy Das                       /*Cond=*/None, DL);
66969fad079SSanjoy Das 
6708ee6a30bSSanjoy Das     NumImplicitNullChecks++;
67169fad079SSanjoy Das   }
67269fad079SSanjoy Das }
67369fad079SSanjoy Das 
6749a129807SSanjoy Das 
67569fad079SSanjoy Das char ImplicitNullChecks::ID = 0;
67669fad079SSanjoy Das char &llvm::ImplicitNullChecksID = ImplicitNullChecks::ID;
67769fad079SSanjoy Das INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(ImplicitNullChecks, "implicit-null-checks",
67869fad079SSanjoy Das                       "Implicit null checks", false, false)
679e57bf680SSanjoy Das INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(AAResultsWrapperPass)
68069fad079SSanjoy Das INITIALIZE_PASS_END(ImplicitNullChecks, "implicit-null-checks",
68169fad079SSanjoy Das                     "Implicit null checks", false, false)
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