1=============================
2User Guide for AMDGPU Backend
3=============================
4
5.. contents::
6   :local:
7
8.. toctree::
9   :hidden:
10
11   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7
12   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8
13   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9
14   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900
15   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904
16   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906
17   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908
18   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a
19   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10
20   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011
21   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030
22   AMDGPUModifierSyntax
23   AMDGPUOperandSyntax
24   AMDGPUInstructionSyntax
25   AMDGPUInstructionNotation
26   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging
27   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack/AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack
28
29Introduction
30============
31
32The AMDGPU backend provides ISA code generation for AMD GPUs, starting with the
33R600 family up until the current GCN families. It lives in the
34``llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU`` directory.
35
36LLVM
37====
38
39.. _amdgpu-target-triples:
40
41Target Triples
42--------------
43
44Use the Clang option ``-target <Architecture>-<Vendor>-<OS>-<Environment>``
45to specify the target triple:
46
47  .. table:: AMDGPU Architectures
48     :name: amdgpu-architecture-table
49
50     ============ ==============================================================
51     Architecture Description
52     ============ ==============================================================
53     ``r600``     AMD GPUs HD2XXX-HD6XXX for graphics and compute shaders.
54     ``amdgcn``   AMD GPUs GCN GFX6 onwards for graphics and compute shaders.
55     ============ ==============================================================
56
57  .. table:: AMDGPU Vendors
58     :name: amdgpu-vendor-table
59
60     ============ ==============================================================
61     Vendor       Description
62     ============ ==============================================================
63     ``amd``      Can be used for all AMD GPU usage.
64     ``mesa3d``   Can be used if the OS is ``mesa3d``.
65     ============ ==============================================================
66
67  .. table:: AMDGPU Operating Systems
68     :name: amdgpu-os
69
70     ============== ============================================================
71     OS             Description
72     ============== ============================================================
73     *<empty>*      Defaults to the *unknown* OS.
74     ``amdhsa``     Compute kernels executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes
75                    such as:
76
77                    - AMD's ROCm™ runtime [AMD-ROCm]_ using the *rocm-amdhsa*
78                      loader on Linux. See *AMD ROCm Platform Release Notes*
79                      [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes]_ for supported hardware and
80                      software.
81                    - AMD's PAL runtime using the *pal-amdhsa* loader on
82                      Windows.
83
84     ``amdpal``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's PAL
85                    runtime using the *pal-amdpal* loader on Windows and Linux
86                    Pro.
87     ``mesa3d``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's Mesa
88                    3D runtime using the *mesa-mesa3d* loader on Linux.
89     ============== ============================================================
90
91  .. table:: AMDGPU Environments
92     :name: amdgpu-environment-table
93
94     ============ ==============================================================
95     Environment  Description
96     ============ ==============================================================
97     *<empty>*    Default.
98     ============ ==============================================================
99
100.. _amdgpu-processors:
101
102Processors
103----------
104
105Use the Clang options ``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>`` to
106specify the AMDGPU processor together with optional target features. See
107:ref:`amdgpu-target-id` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-features` for AMD GPU target
108specific information.
109
110Every processor supports every OS ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`) with the following exceptions:
111
112* ``amdhsa`` is not supported in ``r600`` architecture (see :ref:`amdgpu-architecture-table`).
113
114
115  .. table:: AMDGPU Processors
116     :name: amdgpu-processor-table
117
118     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
119     Processor   Alternative     Target       dGPU/ Target            Target          OS Support      Example
120                 Processor       Triple       APU   Features          Properties      *(see*          Products
121                                 Architecture       Supported                         `amdgpu-os`_
122                                                                                      *and
123                                                                                      corresponding
124                                                                                      runtime release
125                                                                                      notes for
126                                                                                      current
127                                                                                      information and
128                                                                                      level of
129                                                                                      support)*
130     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
131     **Radeon HD 2000/3000 Series (R600)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000]_
132     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
133     ``r600``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
134                                                                        support
135                                                                        generic
136                                                                        address
137                                                                        space
138     ``r630``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
139                                                                        support
140                                                                        generic
141                                                                        address
142                                                                        space
143     ``rs880``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
144                                                                        support
145                                                                        generic
146                                                                        address
147                                                                        space
148     ``rv670``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
149                                                                        support
150                                                                        generic
151                                                                        address
152                                                                        space
153     **Radeon HD 4000 Series (R700)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000]_
154     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
155     ``rv710``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
156                                                                        support
157                                                                        generic
158                                                                        address
159                                                                        space
160     ``rv730``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
161                                                                        support
162                                                                        generic
163                                                                        address
164                                                                        space
165     ``rv770``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
166                                                                        support
167                                                                        generic
168                                                                        address
169                                                                        space
170     **Radeon HD 5000 Series (Evergreen)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000]_
171     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
172     ``cedar``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
173                                                                        support
174                                                                        generic
175                                                                        address
176                                                                        space
177     ``cypress``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
178                                                                        support
179                                                                        generic
180                                                                        address
181                                                                        space
182     ``juniper``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
183                                                                        support
184                                                                        generic
185                                                                        address
186                                                                        space
187     ``redwood``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
188                                                                        support
189                                                                        generic
190                                                                        address
191                                                                        space
192     ``sumo``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
193                                                                        support
194                                                                        generic
195                                                                        address
196                                                                        space
197     **Radeon HD 6000 Series (Northern Islands)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000]_
198     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
199     ``barts``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
200                                                                        support
201                                                                        generic
202                                                                        address
203                                                                        space
204     ``caicos``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
205                                                                        support
206                                                                        generic
207                                                                        address
208                                                                        space
209     ``cayman``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
210                                                                        support
211                                                                        generic
212                                                                        address
213                                                                        space
214     ``turks``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
215                                                                        support
216                                                                        generic
217                                                                        address
218                                                                        space
219     **GCN GFX6 (Southern Islands (SI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX6]_
220     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
221     ``gfx600``  - ``tahiti``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
222                                                                        support
223                                                                        generic
224                                                                        address
225                                                                        space
226     ``gfx601``  - ``pitcairn``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
227                 - ``verde``                                            support
228                                                                        generic
229                                                                        address
230                                                                        space
231     ``gfx602``  - ``hainan``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
232                 - ``oland``                                            support
233                                                                        generic
234                                                                        address
235                                                                        space
236     **GCN GFX7 (Sea Islands (CI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_
237     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
238     ``gfx700``  - ``kaveri``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-7000
239                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - A6 Pro-7050B
240                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-7100
241                                                                                                      - A8 Pro-7150B
242                                                                                                      - A10-7300
243                                                                                                      - A10 Pro-7350B
244                                                                                                      - FX-7500
245                                                                                                      - A8-7200P
246                                                                                                      - A10-7400P
247                                                                                                      - FX-7600P
248     ``gfx701``  - ``hawaii``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro W8100
249                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro W9100
250                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro S9150
251                                                                                                      - FirePro S9170
252     ``gfx702``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 290
253                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 290x
254                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R390
255                                                                                                      - Radeon R390x
256     ``gfx703``  - ``kabini``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - E1-2100
257                 - ``mullins``                                          flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - E1-2200
258                                                                        scratch                       - E1-2500
259                                                                                                      - E2-3000
260                                                                                                      - E2-3800
261                                                                                                      - A4-5000
262                                                                                                      - A4-5100
263                                                                                                      - A6-5200
264                                                                                                      - A4 Pro-3340B
265     ``gfx704``  - ``bonaire``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon HD 7790
266                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon HD 8770
267                                                                        scratch                       - R7 260
268                                                                                                      - R7 260X
269     ``gfx705``                  ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  *TBA*
270                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*
271                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
272
273                                                                                                        Add product
274                                                                                                        names.
275
276     **GCN GFX8 (Volcanic Islands (VI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_
277     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
278     ``gfx801``  - ``carrizo``   ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-8500P
279                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Pro A6-8500B
280                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-8600P
281                                                                                                      - Pro A8-8600B
282                                                                                                      - FX-8800P
283                                                                                                      - Pro A12-8800B
284                                                                                                      - A10-8700P
285                                                                                                      - Pro A10-8700B
286                                                                                                      - A10-8780P
287                                                                                                      - A10-9600P
288                                                                                                      - A10-9630P
289                                                                                                      - A12-9700P
290                                                                                                      - A12-9730P
291                                                                                                      - FX-9800P
292                                                                                                      - FX-9830P
293                                                                                                      - E2-9010
294                                                                                                      - A6-9210
295                                                                                                      - A9-9410
296     ``gfx802``  - ``iceland``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 285
297                 - ``tonga``                                            flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 380
298                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 385
299     ``gfx803``  - ``fiji``      ``amdgcn``   dGPU                                    - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 Nano
300                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 Fury
301                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 FuryX
302                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro Duo
303                                                                                                      - FirePro S9300x2
304                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI8
305     \           - ``polaris10`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 470
306                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 480
307                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Instinct MI6
308     \           - ``polaris11`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 460
309                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
310                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
311     ``gfx805``  - ``tongapro``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro S7150
312                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro S7100
313                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro W7100
314                                                                                                      - Mobile FirePro
315                                                                                                        M7170
316     ``gfx810``  - ``stoney``    ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
317                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
318                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
319
320                                                                                                        Add product
321                                                                                                        names.
322
323     **GCN GFX9 (Vega)** [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_
324     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
325     ``gfx900``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Vega
326                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*    Frontier Edition
327                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX Vega 56
328                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
329                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
330                                                                                                        Liquid
331                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI25
332     ``gfx902``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Ryzen 3 2200G
333                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Ryzen 5 2400G
334                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
335     ``gfx904``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack                           - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
336                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*
337                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
338
339                                                                                                        Add product
340                                                                                                        names.
341
342     ``gfx906``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Instinct MI50
343                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon Instinct MI60
344                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon VII
345                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro VII
346     ``gfx908``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc                         - *rocm-amdhsa* - AMD Instinct MI100 Accelerator
347                                                    - xnack           - Absolute
348                                                                        flat
349                                                                        scratch
350     ``gfx909``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
351                                                                        flat
352                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
353
354                                                                                                        Add product
355                                                                                                        names.
356
357     ``gfx90a``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
358                                                    - tgsplit           flat
359                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
360                                                                      - Packed
361                                                                        work-item                       Add product
362                                                                        IDs                             names.
363
364     ``gfx90c``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  - Ryzen 7 4700G
365                                                                        flat                          - Ryzen 7 4700GE
366                                                                        scratch                       - Ryzen 5 4600G
367                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 4600GE
368                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300G
369                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300GE
370                                                                                                      - Ryzen Pro 4000G
371                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4700G
372                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4750GE
373                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G
374                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650GE
375                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G
376                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350GE
377
378     ``gfx940``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Architected                   *TBA*
379                                                    - tgsplit           flat
380                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
381                                                                      - Packed
382                                                                        work-item                       Add product
383                                                                        IDs                             names.
384
385     **GCN GFX10.1 (RDNA 1)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_
386     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
387     ``gfx1010``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5700
388                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5700 XT
389                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Pro 5600 XT
390                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro 5600M
391     ``gfx1011``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode                          - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Pro V520
392                                                    - wavefrontsize64 - Absolute      - *pal-amdhsa*
393                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdpal*
394                                                                        scratch
395     ``gfx1012``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5500
396                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5500 XT
397                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
398     ``gfx1013``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
399                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
400                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
401
402                                                                                                        Add product
403                                                                                                        names.
404
405     **GCN GFX10.3 (RDNA 2)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_
406     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
407     ``gfx1030``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6800
408                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 6800 XT
409                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX 6900 XT
410     ``gfx1031``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6700 XT
411                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
412                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
413     ``gfx1032``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
414                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
415                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
416
417                                                                                                        Add product
418                                                                                                        names.
419
420     ``gfx1033``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
421                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
422                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
423
424                                                                                                        Add product
425                                                                                                        names.
426     ``gfx1034``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
427                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
428                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
429
430                                                                                                        Add product
431                                                                                                        names.
432
433     ``gfx1035``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
434                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
435                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
436                                                                                                        Add product
437                                                                                                        names.
438
439     ``gfx1036``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
440                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
441                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
442
443                                                                                                        Add product
444                                                                                                        names.
445
446     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
447
448.. _amdgpu-target-features:
449
450Target Features
451---------------
452
453Target features control how code is generated to support certain
454processor specific features. Not all target features are supported by
455all processors. The runtime must ensure that the features supported by
456the device used to execute the code match the features enabled when
457generating the code. A mismatch of features may result in incorrect
458execution, or a reduction in performance.
459
460The target features supported by each processor is listed in
461:ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`.
462
463Target features are controlled by exactly one of the following Clang
464options:
465
466``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>``
467
468  The ``-mcpu`` and ``--offload-arch`` can specify the target feature as
469  optional components of the target ID. If omitted, the target feature has the
470  ``any`` value. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
471
472``-m[no-]<target-feature>``
473
474  Target features not specified by the target ID are specified using a
475  separate option. These target features can have an ``on`` or ``off``
476  value.  ``on`` is specified by omitting the ``no-`` prefix, and
477  ``off`` is specified by including the ``no-`` prefix. The default
478  if not specified is ``off``.
479
480For example:
481
482``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack+``
483  Enable the ``xnack`` feature.
484``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack-``
485  Disable the ``xnack`` feature.
486``-mcumode``
487  Enable the ``cumode`` feature.
488``-mno-cumode``
489  Disable the ``cumode`` feature.
490
491  .. table:: AMDGPU Target Features
492     :name: amdgpu-target-features-table
493
494     =============== ============================ ==================================================
495     Target Feature  Clang Option to Control      Description
496     Name
497     =============== ============================ ==================================================
498     cumode          - ``-m[no-]cumode``          Control the wavefront execution mode used
499                                                  when generating code for kernels. When disabled
500                                                  native WGP wavefront execution mode is used,
501                                                  when enabled CU wavefront execution mode is used
502                                                  (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
503
504     sramecc         - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
505                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
506                                                  matching setting for SRAMECC.
507
508                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
509                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
510                                                  with SRAMECC enabled.
511
512                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
513                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
514                                                  with either setting of SRAMECC.
515
516     tgsplit           ``-m[no-]tgsplit``         Enable/disable generating code that assumes
517                                                  work-groups are launched in threadgroup split mode.
518                                                  When enabled the waves of a work-group may be
519                                                  launched in different CUs.
520
521     wavefrontsize64 - ``-m[no-]wavefrontsize64`` Control the wavefront size used when
522                                                  generating code for kernels. When disabled
523                                                  native wavefront size 32 is used, when enabled
524                                                  wavefront size 64 is used.
525
526     xnack           - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
527                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
528                                                  matching setting for XNACK replay.
529
530                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
531                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
532                                                  with XNACK replay enabled.
533
534                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
535                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
536                                                  with either setting of XNACK replay.
537
538                                                  XNACK replay can be used for demand paging and
539                                                  page migration. If enabled in the device, then if
540                                                  a page fault occurs the code may execute
541                                                  incorrectly unless generated with XNACK replay
542                                                  enabled, or generated for code object V4 or above without
543                                                  specifying XNACK replay. Executing code that was
544                                                  generated with XNACK replay enabled, or generated
545                                                  for code object V4 or above without specifying XNACK replay,
546                                                  on a device that does not have XNACK replay
547                                                  enabled will execute correctly but may be less
548                                                  performant than code generated for XNACK replay
549                                                  disabled.
550     =============== ============================ ==================================================
551
552.. _amdgpu-target-id:
553
554Target ID
555---------
556
557AMDGPU supports target IDs. See `Clang Offload Bundler
558<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ for a general
559description. The AMDGPU target specific information is:
560
561**processor**
562  Is an AMDGPU processor or alternative processor name specified in
563  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. The non-canonical form target ID allows both
564  the primary processor and alternative processor names. The canonical form
565  target ID only allow the primary processor name.
566
567**target-feature**
568  Is a target feature name specified in :ref:`amdgpu-target-features-table` that
569  is supported by the processor. The target features supported by each processor
570  is specified in :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. Those that can be specified in
571  a target ID are marked as being controlled by ``-mcpu`` and
572  ``--offload-arch``. Each target feature must appear at most once in a target
573  ID. The non-canonical form target ID allows the target features to be
574  specified in any order. The canonical form target ID requires the target
575  features to be specified in alphabetic order.
576
577.. _amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3:
578
579Code Object V2 to V3 Target ID
580~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
581
582The target ID syntax for code object V2 to V3 is the same as defined in `Clang
583Offload Bundler <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ except
584when used in the :ref:`amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target` assembler
585directive and the bundle entry ID. In those cases it has the following BNF
586syntax:
587
588.. code::
589
590  <target-id> ::== <processor> ( "+" <target-feature> )*
591
592Where a target feature is omitted if *Off* and present if *On* or *Any*.
593
594.. note::
595
596  The code object V2 to V3 cannot represent *Any* and treats it the same as
597  *On*.
598
599.. _amdgpu-embedding-bundled-objects:
600
601Embedding Bundled Code Objects
602------------------------------
603
604AMDGPU supports the HIP and OpenMP languages that perform code object embedding
605as described in `Clang Offload Bundler
606<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_.
607
608.. note::
609
610  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for a bundle entry ID
611  differs from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
612
613.. _amdgpu-address-spaces:
614
615Address Spaces
616--------------
617
618The AMDGPU architecture supports a number of memory address spaces. The address
619space names use the OpenCL standard names, with some additions.
620
621The AMDGPU address spaces correspond to target architecture specific LLVM
622address space numbers used in LLVM IR.
623
624The AMDGPU address spaces are described in
625:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces-table`. Only 64-bit process address spaces are
626supported for the ``amdgcn`` target.
627
628  .. table:: AMDGPU Address Spaces
629     :name: amdgpu-address-spaces-table
630
631     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
632     ..                                                                                     64-Bit Process Address Space
633     --------------------------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------------------------
634     Address Space Name                LLVM IR Address HSA Segment Hardware         Address NULL Value
635                                       Space Number    Name        Name             Size
636     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
637     Generic                           0               flat        flat             64      0x0000000000000000
638     Global                            1               global      global           64      0x0000000000000000
639     Region                            2               N/A         GDS              32      *not implemented for AMDHSA*
640     Local                             3               group       LDS              32      0xFFFFFFFF
641     Constant                          4               constant    *same as global* 64      0x0000000000000000
642     Private                           5               private     scratch          32      0xFFFFFFFF
643     Constant 32-bit                   6               *TODO*                               0x00000000
644     Buffer Fat Pointer (experimental) 7               *TODO*
645     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
646
647**Generic**
648  The generic address space is supported unless the *Target Properties* column
649  of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies *Does not support generic address
650  space*.
651
652  The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support for two fixed
653  ranges of virtual addresses (the private and local apertures), that are
654  outside the range of addressable global memory, to map from a flat address to
655  a private or local address. This uses FLAT instructions that can take a flat
656  address and access global, private (scratch), and group (LDS) memory depending
657  on if the address is within one of the aperture ranges.
658
659  Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and setup in the
660  kernel prologue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat
661  access to LDS requires hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register
662  setup (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
663
664  To convert between a private or group address space address (termed a segment
665  address) and a flat address the base address of the corresponding aperture
666  can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
667  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
668  Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
669  GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline
670  constant registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``.
671  In 64-bit address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is
672  aligned to 2^32 which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or
673  segment to flat.
674
675  A global address space address has the same value when used as a flat address
676  so no conversion is needed.
677
678**Global and Constant**
679  The global and constant address spaces both use global virtual addresses,
680  which are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some
681  virtual addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible
682  by the GPU, and some by both.
683
684  Using the constant address space indicates that the data will not change
685  during the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to
686  be used. As the constant address space could only be modified on the host
687  side, a generic pointer loaded from the constant address space is safe to be
688  assumed as a global pointer since only the device global memory is visible
689  and managed on the host side. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated
690  of volatile data before each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant
691  memory to change values between kernel dispatches.
692
693**Region**
694  The region address space uses the hardware Global Data Store (GDS). All
695  wavefronts executing on the same device will access the same memory for any
696  given region address. However, the same region address accessed by wavefronts
697  executing on different devices will access different memory. It is higher
698  performance than global memory. It is allocated by the runtime. The data
699  store (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
700
701**Local**
702  The local address space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
703  automatically allocated when the hardware creates the wavefronts of a
704  work-group, and freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have
705  terminated. All wavefronts belonging to the same work-group will access the
706  same memory for any given local address. However, the same local address
707  accessed by wavefronts belonging to different work-groups will access
708  different memory. It is higher performance than global memory. The data store
709  (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
710
711**Private**
712  The private address space uses the hardware scratch memory support which
713  automatically allocates memory when it creates a wavefront and frees it when
714  a wavefronts terminates. The memory accessed by a lane of a wavefront for any
715  given private address will be different to the memory accessed by another lane
716  of the same or different wavefront for the same private address.
717
718  If a kernel dispatch uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory from a
719  pool of backing memory allocated by the runtime for each wavefront. The lanes
720  of the wavefront access this using dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping
721  used from private address to backing memory address is:
722
723    ``wavefront-scratch-base +
724    ((private-address / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
725    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address % 4)``
726
727  If each lane of a wavefront accesses the same private address, the
728  interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed and hence requires
729  fewer cache lines to be fetched.
730
731  There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is
732  determined by a wavefront (see
733  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
734
735  Scratch memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer
736  instructions with the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch
737  offset, by the scratch instructions, or by flat instructions. Multi-dword
738  access is not supported except by flat and scratch instructions in
739  GFX9-GFX10.
740
741**Constant 32-bit**
742  *TODO*
743
744**Buffer Fat Pointer**
745  The buffer fat pointer is an experimental address space that is currently
746  unsupported in the backend. It exposes a non-integral pointer that is in
747  the future intended to support the modelling of 128-bit buffer descriptors
748  plus a 32-bit offset into the buffer (in total encapsulating a 160-bit
749  *pointer*), allowing normal LLVM load/store/atomic operations to be used to
750  model the buffer descriptors used heavily in graphics workloads targeting
751  the backend.
752
753.. _amdgpu-memory-scopes:
754
755Memory Scopes
756-------------
757
758This section provides LLVM memory synchronization scopes supported by the AMDGPU
759backend memory model when the target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see
760:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
761
762The memory model supported is based on the HSA memory model [HSA]_ which is
763based in turn on HRF-indirect with scope inclusion [HRF]_. The happens-before
764relation is transitive over the synchronizes-with relation independent of scope
765and synchronizes-with allows the memory scope instances to be inclusive (see
766table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table`).
767
768This is different to the OpenCL [OpenCL]_ memory model which does not have scope
769inclusion and requires the memory scopes to exactly match. However, this
770is conservatively correct for OpenCL.
771
772  .. table:: AMDHSA LLVM Sync Scopes
773     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table
774
775     ======================= ===================================================
776     LLVM Sync Scope         Description
777     ======================= ===================================================
778     *none*                  The default: ``system``.
779
780                             Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
781                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
782                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
783                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
784                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
785
786                             - ``system``.
787                             - ``agent`` and executed by a thread on the same
788                               agent.
789                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
790                               same work-group.
791                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
792                               same wavefront.
793
794     ``agent``               Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
795                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
796                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
797                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
798                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
799
800                             - ``system`` or ``agent`` and executed by a thread
801                               on the same agent.
802                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
803                               same work-group.
804                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
805                               same wavefront.
806
807     ``workgroup``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
808                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
809                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
810                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
811                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
812
813                             - ``system``, ``agent`` or ``workgroup`` and
814                               executed by a thread in the same work-group.
815                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
816                               same wavefront.
817
818     ``wavefront``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
819                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
820                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
821                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
822                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
823
824                             - ``system``, ``agent``, ``workgroup`` or
825                               ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
826                               same wavefront.
827
828     ``singlethread``        Only synchronizes with and participates in
829                             modification and seq_cst total orderings with,
830                             other operations (except image operations) running
831                             in the same thread for all address spaces (for
832                             example, in signal handlers).
833
834     ``one-as``              Same as ``system`` but only synchronizes with other
835                             operations within the same address space.
836
837     ``agent-one-as``        Same as ``agent`` but only synchronizes with other
838                             operations within the same address space.
839
840     ``workgroup-one-as``    Same as ``workgroup`` but only synchronizes with
841                             other operations within the same address space.
842
843     ``wavefront-one-as``    Same as ``wavefront`` but only synchronizes with
844                             other operations within the same address space.
845
846     ``singlethread-one-as`` Same as ``singlethread`` but only synchronizes with
847                             other operations within the same address space.
848     ======================= ===================================================
849
850LLVM IR Intrinsics
851------------------
852
853The AMDGPU backend implements the following LLVM IR intrinsics.
854
855*This section is WIP.*
856
857.. TODO::
858
859   List AMDGPU intrinsics.
860
861LLVM IR Attributes
862------------------
863
864The AMDGPU backend supports the following LLVM IR attributes.
865
866  .. table:: AMDGPU LLVM IR Attributes
867     :name: amdgpu-llvm-ir-attributes-table
868
869     ======================================= ==========================================================
870     LLVM Attribute                          Description
871     ======================================= ==========================================================
872     "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size"="min,max" Specify the minimum and maximum flat work group sizes that
873                                             will be specified when the kernel is dispatched. Generated
874                                             by the ``amdgpu_flat_work_group_size`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
875                                             The implied default value is 1,1024.
876
877     "amdgpu-implicitarg-num-bytes"="n"      Number of kernel argument bytes to add to the kernel
878                                             argument block size for the implicit arguments. This
879                                             varies by OS and language (for OpenCL see
880                                             :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
881     "amdgpu-num-sgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of SGPRs to use. Generated by
882                                             the ``amdgpu_num_sgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
883     "amdgpu-num-vgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of VGPRs to use. Generated by the
884                                             ``amdgpu_num_vgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
885     "amdgpu-waves-per-eu"="m,n"             Specify the minimum and maximum number of waves per
886                                             execution unit. Generated by the ``amdgpu_waves_per_eu``
887                                             CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_. This is an optimization hint,
888                                             and the backend may not be able to satisfy the request. If
889                                             the specified range is incompatible with the function's
890                                             "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size" value, the implied occupancy
891                                             bounds by the workgroup size takes precedence.
892
893     "amdgpu-ieee" true/false.               Specify whether the function expects the IEEE field of the
894                                             mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default for
895                                             the calling convention.
896     "amdgpu-dx10-clamp" true/false.         Specify whether the function expects the DX10_CLAMP field of
897                                             the mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default
898                                             for the calling convention.
899
900     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x"               Indicates the function does not depend on the value of the
901                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.x intrinsic. If a function is marked with this
902                                             attribute, or reached through a call site marked with this attribute,
903                                             the value returned by the intrinsic is undefined. The backend can
904                                             generally infer this during code generation, so typically there is no
905                                             benefit to frontends marking functions with this.
906
907     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-y"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
908                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.y intrinsic.
909
910     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-z"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
911                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.z intrinsic.
912
913     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-x"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
914                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.x intrinsic.
915
916     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-y"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
917                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.y intrinsic.
918
919     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-z"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
920                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.z intrinsic.
921
922     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-ptr"                The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
923                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.ptr intrinsic.
924
925     "amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr"             The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
926                                             llvm.amdgcn.implicitarg.ptr intrinsic.
927
928     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-id"                 The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
929                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.id intrinsic.
930
931     "amdgpu-no-queue-ptr"                   Similar to amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
932                                             llvm.amdgcn.queue.ptr intrinsic. Note that unlike the other ABI hint
933                                             attributes, the queue pointer may be required in situations where the
934                                             intrinsic call does not directly appear in the program. Some subtargets
935                                             require the queue pointer for to handle some addrspacecasts, as well
936                                             as the llvm.amdgcn.is.shared, llvm.amdgcn.is.private, llvm.trap, and
937                                             llvm.debug intrinsics.
938
939     "amdgpu-no-hostcall-ptr"                Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
940                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to the hostcall buffer. If this
941                                             attribute is absent, then the amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
942
943     "amdgpu-no-heap-ptr"                    Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
944                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to an initialized memory buffer
945                                             that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free device library V1
946                                             version implementation. If this attribute is absent, then the
947                                             amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
948
949     ======================================= ==========================================================
950
951.. _amdgpu-elf-code-object:
952
953ELF Code Object
954===============
955
956The AMDGPU backend generates a standard ELF [ELF]_ relocatable code object that
957can be linked by ``lld`` to produce a standard ELF shared code object which can
958be loaded and executed on an AMDGPU target.
959
960.. _amdgpu-elf-header:
961
962Header
963------
964
965The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header:
966
967  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header
968     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-table
969
970     ========================== ===============================
971     Field                      Value
972     ========================== ===============================
973     ``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``      ``ELFCLASS64``
974     ``e_ident[EI_DATA]``       ``ELFDATA2LSB``
975     ``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``      - ``ELFOSABI_NONE``
976                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``
977                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``
978                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
979     ``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]`` - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2``
980                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3``
981                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4``
982                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5``
983                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``
984                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
985     ``e_type``                 - ``ET_REL``
986                                - ``ET_DYN``
987     ``e_machine``              ``EM_AMDGPU``
988     ``e_entry``                0
989     ``e_flags``                See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table`,
990                                :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3`,
991                                and :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`
992     ========================== ===============================
993
994..
995
996  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header Enumeration Values
997     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-enumeration-values-table
998
999     =============================== =====
1000     Name                            Value
1001     =============================== =====
1002     ``EM_AMDGPU``                   224
1003     ``ELFOSABI_NONE``               0
1004     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``         64
1005     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``         65
1006     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``      66
1007     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` 0
1008     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` 1
1009     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` 2
1010     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` 3
1011     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``    0
1012     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` 0
1013     =============================== =====
1014
1015``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``
1016  The ELF class is:
1017
1018  * ``ELFCLASS32`` for ``r600`` architecture.
1019
1020  * ``ELFCLASS64`` for ``amdgcn`` architecture which only supports 64-bit
1021    process address space applications.
1022
1023``e_ident[EI_DATA]``
1024  All AMDGPU targets use ``ELFDATA2LSB`` for little-endian byte ordering.
1025
1026``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``
1027  One of the following AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABIs
1028  (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`):
1029
1030  * ``ELFOSABI_NONE`` for *unknown* OS.
1031
1032  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA`` for ``amdhsa`` OS.
1033
1034  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL`` for ``amdpal`` OS.
1035
1036  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` for ``mesa3D`` OS.
1037
1038``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]``
1039  The ABI version of the AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABI to which the code
1040  object conforms:
1041
1042  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1043    runtime ABI for code object V2. Specify using the Clang option
1044    ``-mcode-object-version=2``.
1045
1046  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1047    runtime ABI for code object V3. Specify using the Clang option
1048    ``-mcode-object-version=3``.
1049
1050  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1051    runtime ABI for code object V4. Specify using the Clang option
1052    ``-mcode-object-version=4``. This is the default code object
1053    version if not specified.
1054
1055  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1056    runtime ABI for code object V5. Specify using the Clang option
1057    ``-mcode-object-version=5``.
1058
1059  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL`` is used to specify the version of AMD PAL
1060    runtime ABI.
1061
1062  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` is used to specify the version of AMD MESA
1063    3D runtime ABI.
1064
1065``e_type``
1066  Can be one of the following values:
1067
1068
1069  ``ET_REL``
1070    The type produced by the AMDGPU backend compiler as it is relocatable code
1071    object.
1072
1073  ``ET_DYN``
1074    The type produced by the linker as it is a shared code object.
1075
1076  The AMD HSA runtime loader requires a ``ET_DYN`` code object.
1077
1078``e_machine``
1079  The value ``EM_AMDGPU`` is used for the machine for all processors supported
1080  by the ``r600`` and ``amdgcn`` architectures (see
1081  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`). The specific processor is specified in the
1082  ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record for code object V2 (see
1083  :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`) and in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit field of the
1084  ``e_flags`` for code object V3 and above (see
1085  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3` and
1086  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`).
1087
1088``e_entry``
1089  The entry point is 0 as the entry points for individual kernels must be
1090  selected in order to invoke them through AQL packets.
1091
1092``e_flags``
1093  The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header flags:
1094
1095  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V2
1096     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table
1097
1098     ===================================== ===== =============================
1099     Name                                  Value Description
1100     ===================================== ===== =============================
1101     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2``        0x01  Indicates if the ``xnack``
1102                                                 target feature is
1103                                                 enabled for all code
1104                                                 contained in the code object.
1105                                                 If the processor
1106                                                 does not support the
1107                                                 ``xnack`` target
1108                                                 feature then must
1109                                                 be 0.
1110                                                 See
1111                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1112     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_TRAP_HANDLER_V2`` 0x02  Indicates if the trap
1113                                                 handler is enabled for all
1114                                                 code contained in the code
1115                                                 object. If the processor
1116                                                 does not support a trap
1117                                                 handler then must be 0.
1118                                                 See
1119                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1120     ===================================== ===== =============================
1121
1122  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V3
1123     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3
1124
1125     ================================= ===== =============================
1126     Name                              Value Description
1127     ================================= ===== =============================
1128     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1129                                             mask for
1130                                             ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1131                                             defined in
1132                                             :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1133     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V3``    0x100 Indicates if the ``xnack``
1134                                             target feature is
1135                                             enabled for all code
1136                                             contained in the code object.
1137                                             If the processor
1138                                             does not support the
1139                                             ``xnack`` target
1140                                             feature then must
1141                                             be 0.
1142                                             See
1143                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1144     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V3``  0x200 Indicates if the ``sramecc``
1145                                             target feature is
1146                                             enabled for all code
1147                                             contained in the code object.
1148                                             If the processor
1149                                             does not support the
1150                                             ``sramecc`` target
1151                                             feature then must
1152                                             be 0.
1153                                             See
1154                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1155     ================================= ===== =============================
1156
1157  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V4 and After
1158     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards
1159
1160     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1161     Name                                         Value      Description
1162     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1163     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                           0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1164                                                        mask for
1165                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1166                                                        defined in
1167                                                        :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1168     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V4``               0x300 XNACK selection mask for
1169                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_*_V4``
1170                                                        values.
1171     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_UNSUPPORTED_V4``   0x000 XNACK unsuppored.
1172     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ANY_V4``           0x100 XNACK can have any value.
1173     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_OFF_V4``           0x200 XNACK disabled.
1174     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ON_V4``            0x300 XNACK enabled.
1175     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V4``             0xc00 SRAMECC selection mask for
1176                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_*_V4``
1177                                                        values.
1178     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_UNSUPPORTED_V4`` 0x000 SRAMECC unsuppored.
1179     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ANY_V4``         0x400 SRAMECC can have any value.
1180     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_OFF_V4``         0x800 SRAMECC disabled,
1181     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ON_V4``          0xc00 SRAMECC enabled.
1182     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1183
1184  .. table:: AMDGPU ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` Values
1185     :name: amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table
1186
1187     ==================================== ========== =============================
1188     Name                                 Value      Description (see
1189                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`)
1190     ==================================== ========== =============================
1191     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_NONE``              0x000      *not specified*
1192     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R600``         0x001      ``r600``
1193     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R630``         0x002      ``r630``
1194     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RS880``        0x003      ``rs880``
1195     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV670``        0x004      ``rv670``
1196     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV710``        0x005      ``rv710``
1197     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV730``        0x006      ``rv730``
1198     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV770``        0x007      ``rv770``
1199     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CEDAR``        0x008      ``cedar``
1200     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CYPRESS``      0x009      ``cypress``
1201     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_JUNIPER``      0x00a      ``juniper``
1202     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_REDWOOD``      0x00b      ``redwood``
1203     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_SUMO``         0x00c      ``sumo``
1204     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_BARTS``        0x00d      ``barts``
1205     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAICOS``       0x00e      ``caicos``
1206     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAYMAN``       0x00f      ``cayman``
1207     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_TURKS``        0x010      ``turks``
1208     *reserved*                           0x011 -    Reserved for ``r600``
1209                                          0x01f      architecture processors.
1210     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX600``     0x020      ``gfx600``
1211     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX601``     0x021      ``gfx601``
1212     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX700``     0x022      ``gfx700``
1213     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX701``     0x023      ``gfx701``
1214     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX702``     0x024      ``gfx702``
1215     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX703``     0x025      ``gfx703``
1216     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX704``     0x026      ``gfx704``
1217     *reserved*                           0x027      Reserved.
1218     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX801``     0x028      ``gfx801``
1219     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX802``     0x029      ``gfx802``
1220     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX803``     0x02a      ``gfx803``
1221     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX810``     0x02b      ``gfx810``
1222     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX900``     0x02c      ``gfx900``
1223     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX902``     0x02d      ``gfx902``
1224     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX904``     0x02e      ``gfx904``
1225     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX906``     0x02f      ``gfx906``
1226     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX908``     0x030      ``gfx908``
1227     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX909``     0x031      ``gfx909``
1228     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90C``     0x032      ``gfx90c``
1229     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1010``    0x033      ``gfx1010``
1230     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1011``    0x034      ``gfx1011``
1231     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1012``    0x035      ``gfx1012``
1232     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1030``    0x036      ``gfx1030``
1233     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1031``    0x037      ``gfx1031``
1234     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1032``    0x038      ``gfx1032``
1235     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1033``    0x039      ``gfx1033``
1236     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX602``     0x03a      ``gfx602``
1237     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX705``     0x03b      ``gfx705``
1238     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX805``     0x03c      ``gfx805``
1239     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1035``    0x03d      ``gfx1035``
1240     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1034``    0x03e      ``gfx1034``
1241     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90A``     0x03f      ``gfx90a``
1242     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX940``     0x040      ``gfx940``
1243     *reserved*                           0x041      Reserved.
1244     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1013``    0x042      ``gfx1013``
1245     *reserved*                           0x043      Reserved.
1246     *reserved*                           0x044      Reserved.
1247     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1036``    0x045      ``gfx1036``
1248     ==================================== ========== =============================
1249
1250Sections
1251--------
1252
1253An AMDGPU target ELF code object has the standard ELF sections which include:
1254
1255  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Sections
1256     :name: amdgpu-elf-sections-table
1257
1258     ================== ================ =================================
1259     Name               Type             Attributes
1260     ================== ================ =================================
1261     ``.bss``           ``SHT_NOBITS``   ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1262     ``.data``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1263     ``.debug_``\ *\**  ``SHT_PROGBITS`` *none*
1264     ``.dynamic``       ``SHT_DYNAMIC``  ``SHF_ALLOC``
1265     ``.dynstr``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1266     ``.dynsym``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1267     ``.got``           ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1268     ``.hash``          ``SHT_HASH``     ``SHF_ALLOC``
1269     ``.note``          ``SHT_NOTE``     *none*
1270     ``.rela``\ *name*  ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1271     ``.rela.dyn``      ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1272     ``.rodata``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1273     ``.shstrtab``      ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1274     ``.strtab``        ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1275     ``.symtab``        ``SHT_SYMTAB``   *none*
1276     ``.text``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_EXECINSTR``
1277     ================== ================ =================================
1278
1279These sections have their standard meanings (see [ELF]_) and are only generated
1280if needed.
1281
1282``.debug``\ *\**
1283  The standard DWARF sections. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information` for
1284  information on the DWARF produced by the AMDGPU backend.
1285
1286``.dynamic``, ``.dynstr``, ``.dynsym``, ``.hash``
1287  The standard sections used by a dynamic loader.
1288
1289``.note``
1290  See :ref:`amdgpu-note-records` for the note records supported by the AMDGPU
1291  backend.
1292
1293``.rela``\ *name*, ``.rela.dyn``
1294  For relocatable code objects, *name* is the name of the section that the
1295  relocation records apply. For example, ``.rela.text`` is the section name for
1296  relocation records associated with the ``.text`` section.
1297
1298  For linked shared code objects, ``.rela.dyn`` contains all the relocation
1299  records from each of the relocatable code object's ``.rela``\ *name* sections.
1300
1301  See :ref:`amdgpu-relocation-records` for the relocation records supported by
1302  the AMDGPU backend.
1303
1304``.text``
1305  The executable machine code for the kernels and functions they call. Generated
1306  as position independent code. See :ref:`amdgpu-code-conventions` for
1307  information on conventions used in the isa generation.
1308
1309.. _amdgpu-note-records:
1310
1311Note Records
1312------------
1313
1314The AMDGPU backend code object contains ELF note records in the ``.note``
1315section. The set of generated notes and their semantics depend on the code
1316object version; see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2` and
1317:ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`.
1318
1319As required by ``ELFCLASS32`` and ``ELFCLASS64``, minimal zero-byte padding
1320must be generated after the ``name`` field to ensure the ``desc`` field is 4
1321byte aligned. In addition, minimal zero-byte padding must be generated to
1322ensure the ``desc`` field size is a multiple of 4 bytes. The ``sh_addralign``
1323field of the ``.note`` section must be at least 4 to indicate at least 8 byte
1324alignment.
1325
1326.. _amdgpu-note-records-v2:
1327
1328Code Object V2 Note Records
1329~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1330
1331.. warning::
1332  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
1333  this version of LLVM.
1334
1335The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1336``.note`` section when compiling for code object V2.
1337
1338The note record vendor field is "AMD".
1339
1340Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1341are deprecated and should not be used.
1342
1343  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Records
1344     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-v2-table
1345
1346     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1347     Name  Type                                  Description
1348     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1349     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    Code object version.
1350     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  HSAIL properties generated by the HSAIL
1351                                                 Finalizer and not the LLVM compiler.
1352     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            Target ISA version.
1353     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               Metadata null terminated string in
1354                                                 YAML [YAML]_ textual format.
1355     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               Target ISA name.
1356     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1357
1358..
1359
1360  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1361     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-v2-table
1362
1363     ===================================== =====
1364     Name                                  Value
1365     ===================================== =====
1366     ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    1
1367     ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  2
1368     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            3
1369     *reserved*                            4-9
1370     ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               10
1371     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               11
1372     ===================================== =====
1373
1374``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``
1375  Specifies the code object version number. The description field has the
1376  following layout:
1377
1378  .. code:: c
1379
1380    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_code_object_version_s {
1381      uint32_t major_version;
1382      uint32_t minor_version;
1383    };
1384
1385  The ``major_version`` has a value less than or equal to 2.
1386
1387``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``
1388  Specifies the HSAIL properties used by the HSAIL Finalizer. The description
1389  field has the following layout:
1390
1391  .. code:: c
1392
1393    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_hsail_s {
1394      uint32_t hsail_major_version;
1395      uint32_t hsail_minor_version;
1396      uint8_t profile;
1397      uint8_t machine_model;
1398      uint8_t default_float_round;
1399    };
1400
1401``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``
1402  Specifies the target ISA version. The description field has the following layout:
1403
1404  .. code:: c
1405
1406    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_isa_s {
1407      uint16_t vendor_name_size;
1408      uint16_t architecture_name_size;
1409      uint32_t major;
1410      uint32_t minor;
1411      uint32_t stepping;
1412      char vendor_and_architecture_name[1];
1413    };
1414
1415  ``vendor_name_size`` and ``architecture_name_size`` are the length of the
1416  vendor and architecture names respectively, including the NUL character.
1417
1418  ``vendor_and_architecture_name`` contains the NUL terminates string for the
1419  vendor, immediately followed by the NUL terminated string for the
1420  architecture.
1421
1422  This note record is used by the HSA runtime loader.
1423
1424  Code object V2 only supports a limited number of processors and has fixed
1425  settings for target features. See
1426  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a list of
1427  processors and the corresponding target ID. In the table the note record ISA
1428  name is a concatenation of the vendor name, architecture name, major, minor,
1429  and stepping separated by a ":".
1430
1431  The target ID column shows the processor name and fixed target features used
1432  by the LLVM compiler. The LLVM compiler does not generate a
1433  ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record.
1434
1435  A code object generated by the Finalizer also uses code object V2 and always
1436  generates a ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record. The processor name and
1437  ``sramecc`` target feature is as shown in
1438  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` but the ``xnack``
1439  target feature is specified by the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags``
1440  bit.
1441
1442``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``
1443  Specifies the target ISA name as a non-NUL terminated string.
1444
1445  This note record is not used by the HSA runtime loader.
1446
1447  See the ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record description of the code object
1448  V2's limited support of processors and fixed settings for target features.
1449
1450  See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a mapping
1451  from the string to the corresponding target ID. If the ``xnack`` target
1452  feature is supported and enabled, the string produced by the LLVM compiler
1453  will may have a ``+xnack`` appended. The Finlizer did not do the appending and
1454  instead used the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags`` bit.
1455
1456``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``
1457  Specifies extensible metadata associated with the code objects executed on HSA
1458  [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). It is required when the
1459  target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). See
1460  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2` for the syntax of the code object
1461  metadata string.
1462
1463  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 Supported Processors and Fixed Target Feature Settings
1464     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table
1465
1466     ===================== ==========================
1467     Note Record ISA Name  Target ID
1468     ===================== ==========================
1469     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:0``  ``gfx600``
1470     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:1``  ``gfx601``
1471     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:2``  ``gfx602``
1472     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:0``  ``gfx700``
1473     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:1``  ``gfx701``
1474     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:2``  ``gfx702``
1475     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:3``  ``gfx703``
1476     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:4``  ``gfx704``
1477     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:5``  ``gfx705``
1478     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:0``  ``gfx802``
1479     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:1``  ``gfx801:xnack+``
1480     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:2``  ``gfx802``
1481     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:3``  ``gfx803``
1482     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:4``  ``gfx803``
1483     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:5``  ``gfx805``
1484     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:1:0``  ``gfx810:xnack+``
1485     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:0``  ``gfx900:xnack-``
1486     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:1``  ``gfx900:xnack+``
1487     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:2``  ``gfx902:xnack-``
1488     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:3``  ``gfx902:xnack+``
1489     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:4``  ``gfx904:xnack-``
1490     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:5``  ``gfx904:xnack+``
1491     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:6``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack-``
1492     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:7``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack+``
1493     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:12`` ``gfx90c:xnack-``
1494     ===================== ==========================
1495
1496.. _amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards:
1497
1498Code Object V3 and Above Note Records
1499~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1500
1501The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1502``.note`` section when compiling for code object V3 and above.
1503
1504The note record vendor field is "AMDGPU".
1505
1506Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1507are deprecated and should not be used.
1508
1509  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Records
1510     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards
1511
1512     ======== ============================== ======================================
1513     Name     Type                           Description
1514     ======== ============================== ======================================
1515     "AMDGPU" ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         Metadata in Message Pack [MsgPack]_
1516                                             binary format.
1517     ======== ============================== ======================================
1518
1519..
1520
1521  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1522     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-table-v3-onwards
1523
1524     ============================== =====
1525     Name                           Value
1526     ============================== =====
1527     *reserved*                     0-31
1528     ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         32
1529     ============================== =====
1530
1531``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
1532  Specifies extensible metadata associated with an AMDGPU code object. It is
1533  encoded as a map in the Message Pack [MsgPack]_ binary data format. See
1534  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
1535  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
1536  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5` for the map keys defined for the
1537  ``amdhsa`` OS.
1538
1539.. _amdgpu-symbols:
1540
1541Symbols
1542-------
1543
1544Symbols include the following:
1545
1546  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Symbols
1547     :name: amdgpu-elf-symbols-table
1548
1549     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1550     Name                  Type               Section          Description
1551     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1552     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.data``      Global variable
1553                                              - ``.rodata``
1554                                              - ``.bss``
1555     *link-name*\ ``.kd``  ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.rodata``    Kernel descriptor
1556     *link-name*           ``STT_FUNC``       - ``.text``      Kernel entry point
1557     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - SHN_AMDGPU_LDS Global variable in LDS
1558     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1559
1560Global variable
1561  Global variables both used and defined by the compilation unit.
1562
1563  If the symbol is defined in the compilation unit then it is allocated in the
1564  appropriate section according to if it has initialized data or is readonly.
1565
1566  If the symbol is external then its section is ``STN_UNDEF`` and the loader
1567  will resolve relocations using the definition provided by another code object
1568  or explicitly defined by the runtime.
1569
1570  If the symbol resides in local/group memory (LDS) then its section is the
1571  special processor specific section name ``SHN_AMDGPU_LDS``, and the
1572  ``st_value`` field describes alignment requirements as it does for common
1573  symbols.
1574
1575  .. TODO::
1576
1577     Add description of linked shared object symbols. Seems undefined symbols
1578     are marked as STT_NOTYPE.
1579
1580Kernel descriptor
1581  Every HSA kernel has an associated kernel descriptor. It is the address of the
1582  kernel descriptor that is used in the AQL dispatch packet used to invoke the
1583  kernel, not the kernel entry point. The layout of the HSA kernel descriptor is
1584  defined in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
1585
1586Kernel entry point
1587  Every HSA kernel also has a symbol for its machine code entry point.
1588
1589.. _amdgpu-relocation-records:
1590
1591Relocation Records
1592------------------
1593
1594AMDGPU backend generates ``Elf64_Rela`` relocation records. Supported
1595relocatable fields are:
1596
1597``word32``
1598  This specifies a 32-bit field occupying 4 bytes with arbitrary byte
1599  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1600  AMDGPU architecture.
1601
1602``word64``
1603  This specifies a 64-bit field occupying 8 bytes with arbitrary byte
1604  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1605  AMDGPU architecture.
1606
1607Following notations are used for specifying relocation calculations:
1608
1609**A**
1610  Represents the addend used to compute the value of the relocatable field.
1611
1612**G**
1613  Represents the offset into the global offset table at which the relocation
1614  entry's symbol will reside during execution.
1615
1616**GOT**
1617  Represents the address of the global offset table.
1618
1619**P**
1620  Represents the place (section offset for ``et_rel`` or address for ``et_dyn``)
1621  of the storage unit being relocated (computed using ``r_offset``).
1622
1623**S**
1624  Represents the value of the symbol whose index resides in the relocation
1625  entry. Relocations not using this must specify a symbol index of
1626  ``STN_UNDEF``.
1627
1628**B**
1629  Represents the base address of a loaded executable or shared object which is
1630  the difference between the ELF address and the actual load address.
1631  Relocations using this are only valid in executable or shared objects.
1632
1633The following relocation types are supported:
1634
1635  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Relocation Records
1636     :name: amdgpu-elf-relocation-records-table
1637
1638     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1639     Relocation Type            Kind    Value  Field       Calculation
1640     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1641     ``R_AMDGPU_NONE``                  0      *none*      *none*
1642     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO``      Static, 1      ``word32``  (S + A) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1643                                Dynamic
1644     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI``      Static, 2      ``word32``  (S + A) >> 32
1645                                Dynamic
1646     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``         Static, 3      ``word64``  S + A
1647                                Dynamic
1648     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32``         Static  4      ``word32``  S + A - P
1649     ``R_AMDGPU_REL64``         Static  5      ``word64``  S + A - P
1650     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32``         Static, 6      ``word32``  S + A
1651                                Dynamic
1652     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL``      Static  7      ``word32``  G + GOT + A - P
1653     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_LO`` Static  8      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1654     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_HI`` Static  9      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) >> 32
1655     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_LO``      Static  10     ``word32``  (S + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1656     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_HI``      Static  11     ``word32``  (S + A - P) >> 32
1657     *reserved*                         12
1658     ``R_AMDGPU_RELATIVE64``    Dynamic 13     ``word64``  B + A
1659     ``R_AMDGPU_REL16``         Static  14     ``word16``  ((S + A - P) - 4) / 4
1660     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1661
1662``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO`` and ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI`` are only supported by
1663the ``mesa3d`` OS, which does not support ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``.
1664
1665There is no current OS loader support for 32-bit programs and so
1666``R_AMDGPU_ABS32`` is not used.
1667
1668.. _amdgpu-loaded-code-object-path-uniform-resource-identifier:
1669
1670Loaded Code Object Path Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
1671---------------------------------------------------------
1672
1673The AMD GPU code object loader represents the path of the ELF shared object from
1674which the code object was loaded as a textual Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
1675Note that the code object is the in memory loaded relocated form of the ELF
1676shared object.  Multiple code objects may be loaded at different memory
1677addresses in the same process from the same ELF shared object.
1678
1679The loaded code object path URI syntax is defined by the following BNF syntax:
1680
1681.. code::
1682
1683  code_object_uri ::== file_uri | memory_uri
1684  file_uri        ::== "file://" file_path [ range_specifier ]
1685  memory_uri      ::== "memory://" process_id range_specifier
1686  range_specifier ::== [ "#" | "?" ] "offset=" number "&" "size=" number
1687  file_path       ::== URI_ENCODED_OS_FILE_PATH
1688  process_id      ::== DECIMAL_NUMBER
1689  number          ::== HEX_NUMBER | DECIMAL_NUMBER | OCTAL_NUMBER
1690
1691**number**
1692  Is a C integral literal where hexadecimal values are prefixed by "0x" or "0X",
1693  and octal values by "0".
1694
1695**file_path**
1696  Is the file's path specified as a URI encoded UTF-8 string. In URI encoding,
1697  every character that is not in the regular expression ``[a-zA-Z0-9/_.~-]`` is
1698  encoded as two uppercase hexadecimal digits proceeded by "%".  Directories in
1699  the path are separated by "/".
1700
1701**offset**
1702  Is a 0-based byte offset to the start of the code object.  For a file URI, it
1703  is from the start of the file specified by the ``file_path``, and if omitted
1704  defaults to 0. For a memory URI, it is the memory address and is required.
1705
1706**size**
1707  Is the number of bytes in the code object.  For a file URI, if omitted it
1708  defaults to the size of the file.  It is required for a memory URI.
1709
1710**process_id**
1711  Is the identity of the process owning the memory.  For Linux it is the C
1712  unsigned integral decimal literal for the process ID (PID).
1713
1714For example:
1715
1716.. code::
1717
1718  file:///dir1/dir2/file1
1719  file:///dir3/dir4/file2#offset=0x2000&size=3000
1720  memory://1234#offset=0x20000&size=3000
1721
1722.. _amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information:
1723
1724DWARF Debug Information
1725=======================
1726
1727.. warning::
1728
1729   This section describes **provisional support** for AMDGPU DWARF [DWARF]_ that
1730   is not currently fully implemented and is subject to change.
1731
1732AMDGPU generates DWARF [DWARF]_ debugging information ELF sections (see
1733:ref:`amdgpu-elf-code-object`) which contain information that maps the code
1734object executable code and data to the source language constructs. It can be
1735used by tools such as debuggers and profilers. It uses features defined in
1736:doc:`AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging` that are made available in
1737DWARF Version 4 and DWARF Version 5 as an LLVM vendor extension.
1738
1739This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture specific DWARF mappings.
1740
1741.. _amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier:
1742
1743Register Identifier
1744-------------------
1745
1746This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture register numbers used in
1747DWARF operation expressions (see DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
1748:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`) and Call Frame Information
1749instructions (see DWARF Version 5 section 6.4 and
1750:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`).
1751
1752A single code object can contain code for kernels that have different wavefront
1753sizes. The vector registers and some scalar registers are based on the wavefront
1754size. AMDGPU defines distinct DWARF registers for each wavefront size. This
1755simplifies the consumer of the DWARF so that each register has a fixed size,
1756rather than being dynamic according to the wavefront size mode. Similarly,
1757distinct DWARF registers are defined for those registers that vary in size
1758according to the process address size. This allows a consumer to treat a
1759specific AMDGPU processor as a single architecture regardless of how it is
1760configured at run time. The compiler explicitly specifies the DWARF registers
1761that match the mode in which the code it is generating will be executed.
1762
1763DWARF registers are encoded as numbers, which are mapped to architecture
1764registers. The mapping for AMDGPU is defined in
1765:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table`. All AMDGPU targets use the same
1766mapping.
1767
1768.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Register Mapping
1769   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table
1770
1771   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1772   DWARF Register AMDGPU Register   Bit Size Description
1773   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1774   0              PC_32             32       Program Counter (PC) when
1775                                             executing in a 32-bit process
1776                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1777                                             describe the PC of the calling
1778                                             frame.
1779   1              EXEC_MASK_32      32       Execution Mask Register when
1780                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.
1781   2-15           *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1782                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1783   16             PC_64             64       Program Counter (PC) when
1784                                             executing in a 64-bit process
1785                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1786                                             describe the PC of the calling
1787                                             frame.
1788   17             EXEC_MASK_64      64       Execution Mask Register when
1789                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.
1790   18-31          *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1791                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1792   32-95          SGPR0-SGPR63      32       Scalar General Purpose
1793                                             Registers.
1794   96-127         *Reserved*                 *Reserved for frequently accessed
1795                                             registers using DWARF 1-byte ULEB.*
1796   128            STATUS            32       Status Register.
1797   129-511        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1798                                             Architectural Registers.*
1799   512            VCC_32            32       Vector Condition Code Register
1800                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1801                                             mode.
1802   513-767        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1803                                             Architectural Registers when
1804                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1805   768            VCC_64            64       Vector Condition Code Register
1806                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1807                                             mode.
1808   769-1023       *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1809                                             Architectural Registers when
1810                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1811   1024-1087      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for padding.*
1812   1088-1129      SGPR64-SGPR105    32       Scalar General Purpose Registers.
1813   1130-1535      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1814                                             General Purpose Registers.*
1815   1536-1791      VGPR0-VGPR255     32*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1816                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1817                                             mode.
1818   1792-2047      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1819                                             General Purpose Registers when
1820                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1821   2048-2303      AGPR0-AGPR255     32*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1822                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1823                                             mode.
1824   2304-2559      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1825                                             Accumulation Registers when
1826                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1827   2560-2815      VGPR0-VGPR255     64*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1828                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1829                                             mode.
1830   2816-3071      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1831                                             General Purpose Registers when
1832                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1833   3072-3327      AGPR0-AGPR255     64*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1834                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1835                                             mode.
1836   3328-3583      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1837                                             Accumulation Registers when
1838                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1839   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1840
1841The vector registers are represented as the full size for the wavefront. They
1842are organized as consecutive dwords (32-bits), one per lane, with the dword at
1843the least significant bit position corresponding to lane 0 and so forth. DWARF
1844location expressions involving the ``DW_OP_LLVM_offset`` and
1845``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` operations are used to select the part of the vector
1846register corresponding to the lane that is executing the current thread of
1847execution in languages that are implemented using a SIMD or SIMT execution
1848model.
1849
1850If the wavefront size is 32 lanes then the wavefront 32 mode register
1851definitions are used. If the wavefront size is 64 lanes then the wavefront 64
1852mode register definitions are used. Some AMDGPU targets support executing in
1853both wavefront 32 and wavefront 64 mode. The register definitions corresponding
1854to the wavefront mode of the generated code will be used.
1855
1856If code is generated to execute in a 32-bit process address space, then the
185732-bit process address space register definitions are used. If code is generated
1858to execute in a 64-bit process address space, then the 64-bit process address
1859space register definitions are used. The ``amdgcn`` target only supports the
186064-bit process address space.
1861
1862.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-identifier:
1863
1864Address Class Identifier
1865------------------------
1866
1867The DWARF address class represents the source language memory space. See DWARF
1868Version 5 section 2.12 which is updated by the *DWARF Extensions For
1869Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1870
1871The DWARF address class mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1872:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table`.
1873
1874.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Class Mapping
1875   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table
1876
1877   ========================= ====== =================
1878   DWARF                            AMDGPU
1879   -------------------------------- -----------------
1880   Address Class Name        Value  Address Space
1881   ========================= ====== =================
1882   ``DW_ADDR_none``          0x0000 Generic (Flat)
1883   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_global``   0x0001 Global
1884   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_constant`` 0x0002 Global
1885   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_group``    0x0003 Local (group/LDS)
1886   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_private``  0x0004 Private (Scratch)
1887   ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` 0x8000 Region (GDS)
1888   ========================= ====== =================
1889
1890The DWARF address class values defined in the *DWARF Extensions For
1891Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses` are used.
1892
1893In addition, ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` is encoded as a vendor extension. This is
1894available for use for the AMD extension for access to the hardware GDS memory
1895which is scratchpad memory allocated per device.
1896
1897For AMDGPU if no ``DW_AT_address_class`` attribute is present, then the default
1898address class of ``DW_ADDR_none`` is used.
1899
1900See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on the AMDGPU
1901mapping of DWARF address classes to DWARF address spaces, including address size
1902and NULL value.
1903
1904.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier:
1905
1906Address Space Identifier
1907------------------------
1908
1909DWARF address spaces correspond to target architecture specific linear
1910addressable memory areas. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.12 and *DWARF Extensions
1911For Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1912
1913The DWARF address space mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1914:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table`.
1915
1916.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Space Mapping
1917   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table
1918
1919   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1920   DWARF                                                          AMDGPU            Notes
1921   --------------------------------------- ----- ---------------- ----------------- -----------------------
1922   Address Space Name                      Value Address Bit Size Address Space
1923   --------------------------------------- ----- ------- -------- ----------------- -----------------------
1924   ..                                            64-bit  32-bit
1925                                                 process process
1926                                                 address address
1927                                                 space   space
1928   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1929   ``DW_ASPACE_none``                      0x00  64      32       Global            *default address space*
1930   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``            0x01  64      32       Generic (Flat)
1931   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_region``             0x02  32      32       Region (GDS)
1932   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local``              0x03  32      32       Local (group/LDS)
1933   *Reserved*                              0x04
1934   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane``       0x05  32      32       Private (Scratch) *focused lane*
1935   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave``       0x06  32      32       Private (Scratch) *unswizzled wavefront*
1936   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1937
1938See :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces` for information on the AMDGPU address spaces
1939including address size and NULL value.
1940
1941The ``DW_ASPACE_none`` address space is the default target architecture address
1942space used in DWARF operations that do not specify an address space. It
1943therefore has to map to the global address space so that the ``DW_OP_addr*`` and
1944related operations can refer to addresses in the program code.
1945
1946The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic`` address space allows location expressions to
1947specify the flat address space. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1948local address space, then it corresponds to the wavefront that is executing the
1949focused thread of execution. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1950private address space, then it corresponds to the lane that is executing the
1951focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD or
1952SIMT execution model.
1953
1954.. note::
1955
1956  CUDA-like languages such as HIP that do not have address spaces in the
1957  language type system, but do allow variables to be allocated in different
1958  address spaces, need to explicitly specify the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``
1959  address space in the DWARF expression operations as the default address space
1960  is the global address space.
1961
1962The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local`` address space allows location expressions to
1963specify the local address space corresponding to the wavefront that is executing
1964the focused thread of execution.
1965
1966The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space allows location expressions
1967to specify the private address space corresponding to the lane that is executing
1968the focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD
1969or SIMT execution model.
1970
1971The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space allows location expressions
1972to specify the unswizzled private address space corresponding to the wavefront
1973that is executing the focused thread of execution. The wavefront view of private
1974memory is the per wavefront unswizzled backing memory layout defined in
1975:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`, such that address 0 corresponds to the first
1976location for the backing memory of the wavefront (namely the address is not
1977offset by ``wavefront-scratch-base``). The following formula can be used to
1978convert from a ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address to a
1979``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address:
1980
1981::
1982
1983  private-address-wavefront =
1984    ((private-address-lane / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
1985    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address-lane % 4)
1986
1987If the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address is dword aligned, and the start
1988of the dwords for each lane starting with lane 0 is required, then this
1989simplifies to:
1990
1991::
1992
1993  private-address-wavefront =
1994    private-address-lane * wavefront-size
1995
1996A compiler can use the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space to read a
1997complete spilled vector register back into a complete vector register in the
1998CFI. The frame pointer can be a private lane address which is dword aligned,
1999which can be shifted to multiply by the wavefront size, and then used to form a
2000private wavefront address that gives a location for a contiguous set of dwords,
2001one per lane, where the vector register dwords are spilled. The compiler knows
2002the wavefront size since it generates the code. Note that the type of the
2003address may have to be converted as the size of a
2004``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address may be smaller than the size of a
2005``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address.
2006
2007.. _amdgpu-dwarf-lane-identifier:
2008
2009Lane identifier
2010---------------
2011
2012DWARF lane identifies specify a target architecture lane position for hardware
2013that executes in a SIMD or SIMT manner, and on which a source language maps its
2014threads of execution onto those lanes. The DWARF lane identifier is pushed by
2015the ``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` DWARF expression operation. See DWARF Version 5
2016section 2.5 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging*
2017section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2018
2019For AMDGPU, the lane identifier corresponds to the hardware lane ID of a
2020wavefront. It is numbered from 0 to the wavefront size minus 1.
2021
2022Operation Expressions
2023---------------------
2024
2025DWARF expressions are used to compute program values and the locations of
2026program objects. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
2027:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2028
2029DWARF location descriptions describe how to access storage which includes memory
2030and registers. When accessing storage on AMDGPU, bytes are ordered with least
2031significant bytes first, and bits are ordered within bytes with least
2032significant bits first.
2033
2034For AMDGPU CFI expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used to describe
2035unwinding vector registers that are spilled under the execution mask to memory:
2036the zero-single location description is the vector register, and the one-single
2037location description is the spilled memory location description. The
2038``DW_OP_LLVM_form_aspace_address`` is used to specify the address space of the
2039memory location description.
2040
2041In AMDGPU expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used by the
2042``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute expression where divergent control flow is
2043controlled by the execution mask. An undefined location description together
2044with ``DW_OP_LLVM_extend`` is used to indicate the lane was not active on entry
2045to the subprogram. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc` for an example.
2046
2047Debugger Information Entry Attributes
2048-------------------------------------
2049
2050This section describes how certain debugger information entry attributes are
2051used by AMDGPU. See the sections in DWARF Version 5 section 3.3.5 and 3.1.1
2052which are updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging* section
2053:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-low-level-information` and
2054:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-full-and-partial-compilation-unit-entries`.
2055
2056.. _amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc:
2057
2058``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``
2059~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2060
2061For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute is used to specify the program
2062location of the separate lanes of a SIMT thread.
2063
2064If the lane is an active lane then this will be the same as the current program
2065location.
2066
2067If the lane is inactive, but was active on entry to the subprogram, then this is
2068the program location in the subprogram at which execution of the lane is
2069conceptual positioned.
2070
2071If the lane was not active on entry to the subprogram, then this will be the
2072undefined location. A client debugger can check if the lane is part of a valid
2073work-group by checking that the lane is in the range of the associated
2074work-group within the grid, accounting for partial work-groups. If it is not,
2075then the debugger can omit any information for the lane. Otherwise, the debugger
2076may repeatedly unwind the stack and inspect the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` of the
2077calling subprogram until it finds a non-undefined location. Conceptually the
2078lane only has the call frames that it has a non-undefined
2079``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``.
2080
2081The following example illustrates how the AMDGPU backend can generate a DWARF
2082location list expression for the nested ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` structures of the
2083following subprogram pseudo code for a target with 64 lanes per wavefront.
2084
2085.. code::
2086  :number-lines:
2087
2088  SUBPROGRAM X
2089  BEGIN
2090    a;
2091    IF (c1) THEN
2092      b;
2093      IF (c2) THEN
2094        c;
2095      ELSE
2096        d;
2097      ENDIF
2098      e;
2099    ELSE
2100      f;
2101    ENDIF
2102    g;
2103  END
2104
2105The AMDGPU backend may generate the following pseudo LLVM MIR to manipulate the
2106execution mask (``EXEC``) to linearize the control flow. The condition is
2107evaluated to make a mask of the lanes for which the condition evaluates to true.
2108First the ``THEN`` region is executed by setting the ``EXEC`` mask to the
2109logical ``AND`` of the current ``EXEC`` mask with the condition mask. Then the
2110``ELSE`` region is executed by negating the ``EXEC`` mask and logical ``AND`` of
2111the saved ``EXEC`` mask at the start of the region. After the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2112region the ``EXEC`` mask is restored to the value it had at the beginning of the
2113region. This is shown below. Other approaches are possible, but the basic
2114concept is the same.
2115
2116.. code::
2117  :number-lines:
2118
2119  $lex_start:
2120    a;
2121    %1 = EXEC
2122    %2 = c1
2123  $lex_1_start:
2124    EXEC = %1 & %2
2125  $if_1_then:
2126      b;
2127      %3 = EXEC
2128      %4 = c2
2129  $lex_1_1_start:
2130      EXEC = %3 & %4
2131  $lex_1_1_then:
2132        c;
2133      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3
2134  $lex_1_1_else:
2135        d;
2136      EXEC = %3
2137  $lex_1_1_end:
2138      e;
2139    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1
2140  $lex_1_else:
2141      f;
2142    EXEC = %1
2143  $lex_1_end:
2144    g;
2145  $lex_end:
2146
2147To create the DWARF location list expression that defines the location
2148description of a vector of lane program locations, the LLVM MIR ``DBG_VALUE``
2149pseudo instruction can be used to annotate the linearized control flow. This can
2150be done by defining an artificial variable for the lane PC. The DWARF location
2151list expression created for it is used as the value of the
2152``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute on the subprogram's debugger information entry.
2153
2154A DWARF procedure is defined for each well nested structured control flow region
2155which provides the conceptual lane program location for a lane if it is not
2156active (namely it is divergent). The DWARF operation expression for each region
2157conceptually inherits the value of the immediately enclosing region and modifies
2158it according to the semantics of the region.
2159
2160For an ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` region the divergent program location is at the start of
2161the region for the ``THEN`` region since it is executed first. For the ``ELSE``
2162region the divergent program location is at the end of the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2163region since the ``THEN`` region has completed.
2164
2165The lane PC artificial variable is assigned at each region transition. It uses
2166the immediately enclosing region's DWARF procedure to compute the program
2167location for each lane assuming they are divergent, and then modifies the result
2168by inserting the current program location for each lane that the ``EXEC`` mask
2169indicates is active.
2170
2171By having separate DWARF procedures for each region, they can be reused to
2172define the value for any nested region. This reduces the total size of the DWARF
2173operation expressions.
2174
2175The following provides an example using pseudo LLVM MIR.
2176
2177.. code::
2178  :number-lines:
2179
2180  $lex_start:
2181    DEFINE_DWARF %__uint_64 = DW_TAG_base_type[
2182      DW_AT_name = "__uint64";
2183      DW_AT_byte_size = 8;
2184      DW_AT_encoding = DW_ATE_unsigned;
2185    ];
2186    DEFINE_DWARF %__active_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2187      DW_AT_name = "__active_lane_pc";
2188      DW_AT_location = [
2189        DW_OP_regx PC;
2190        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2191        DW_OP_regval_type EXEC, %uint_64;
2192        DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2193      ];
2194    ];
2195    DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2196      DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc";
2197      DW_AT_location = [
2198        DW_OP_LLVM_undefined;
2199        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2200      ];
2201    ];
2202    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2203      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2204      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2205    ];
2206    a;
2207    %1 = EXEC;
2208    DBG_VALUE %1, $noreg, %__lex_1_save_exec;
2209    %2 = c1;
2210  $lex_1_start:
2211    EXEC = %1 & %2;
2212  $lex_1_then:
2213      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2214        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_then";
2215        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2216          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2217          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_start;
2218          DW_OP_stack_value;
2219          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2220          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2221          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2222          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2223        ];
2224      ];
2225      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2226        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2227        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2228      ];
2229      b;
2230      %3 = EXEC;
2231      DBG_VALUE %3, %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2232      %4 = c2;
2233  $lex_1_1_start:
2234      EXEC = %3 & %4;
2235  $lex_1_1_then:
2236        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2237          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then";
2238          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2239            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2240            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_start;
2241            DW_OP_stack_value;
2242            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2243            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2244            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2245            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2246          ];
2247        ];
2248        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2249          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then;
2250          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2251        ];
2252        c;
2253      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3;
2254  $lex_1_1_else:
2255        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2256          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else";
2257          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2258            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2259            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_end;
2260            DW_OP_stack_value;
2261            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2262            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2263            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2264            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2265          ];
2266        ];
2267        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2268          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else;
2269          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2270        ];
2271        d;
2272      EXEC = %3;
2273  $lex_1_1_end:
2274      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2275        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2276        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2277      ];
2278      e;
2279    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1;
2280  $lex_1_else:
2281      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2282        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_else";
2283        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2284          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2285          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_end;
2286          DW_OP_stack_value;
2287          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2288          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2289          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2290          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2291        ];
2292      ];
2293      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2294        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else;
2295        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2296      ];
2297      f;
2298    EXEC = %1;
2299  $lex_1_end:
2300    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc DIExpression[
2301      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2302      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2303    ];
2304    g;
2305  $lex_end:
2306
2307The DWARF procedure ``%__active_lane_pc`` is used to update the lane pc elements
2308that are active, with the current program location.
2309
2310Artificial variables %__lex_1_save_exec and %__lex_1_1_save_exec are created for
2311the execution masks saved on entry to a region. Using the ``DBG_VALUE`` pseudo
2312instruction, location list entries will be created that describe where the
2313artificial variables are allocated at any given program location. The compiler
2314may allocate them to registers or spill them to memory.
2315
2316The DWARF procedures for each region use the values of the saved execution mask
2317artificial variables to only update the lanes that are active on entry to the
2318region. All other lanes retain the value of the enclosing region where they were
2319last active. If they were not active on entry to the subprogram, then will have
2320the undefined location description.
2321
2322Other structured control flow regions can be handled similarly. For example,
2323loops would set the divergent program location for the region at the end of the
2324loop. Any lanes active will be in the loop, and any lanes not active must have
2325exited the loop.
2326
2327An ``IF/THEN/ELSEIF/ELSEIF/...`` region can be treated as a nest of
2328``IF/THEN/ELSE`` regions.
2329
2330The DWARF procedures can use the active lane artificial variable described in
2331:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane` rather than the actual
2332``EXEC`` mask in order to support whole or quad wavefront mode.
2333
2334.. _amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane:
2335
2336``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2337~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2338
2339The ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane`` attribute on a subprogram debugger information
2340entry is used to specify the lanes that are conceptually active for a SIMT
2341thread.
2342
2343The execution mask may be modified to implement whole or quad wavefront mode
2344operations. For example, all lanes may need to temporarily be made active to
2345execute a whole wavefront operation. Such regions would save the ``EXEC`` mask,
2346update it to enable the necessary lanes, perform the operations, and then
2347restore the ``EXEC`` mask from the saved value. While executing the whole
2348wavefront region, the conceptual execution mask is the saved value, not the
2349``EXEC`` value.
2350
2351This is handled by defining an artificial variable for the active lane mask. The
2352active lane mask artificial variable would be the actual ``EXEC`` mask for
2353normal regions, and the saved execution mask for regions where the mask is
2354temporarily updated. The location list expression created for this artificial
2355variable is used to define the value of the ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2356attribute.
2357
2358``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation``
2359~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2360
2361For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation`` attribute of a compilation unit
2362debugger information entry has the following value for the augmentation string:
2363
2364::
2365
2366  [amdgpu:v0.0]
2367
2368The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2369extensions used in the DWARF of the compilation unit. The version number
2370conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2371
2372Call Frame Information
2373----------------------
2374
2375DWARF Call Frame Information (CFI) describes how a consumer can virtually
2376*unwind* call frames in a running process or core dump. See DWARF Version 5
2377section 6.4 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
2378
2379For AMDGPU, the Common Information Entry (CIE) fields have the following values:
2380
23811.  ``augmentation`` string contains the following null-terminated UTF-8 string:
2382
2383    ::
2384
2385      [amd:v0.0]
2386
2387    The ``vX.Y`` specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2388    extensions used in this CIE or to the FDEs that use it. The version number
2389    conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2390
23912.  ``address_size`` for the ``Global`` address space is defined in
2392    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2393
23943.  ``segment_selector_size`` is 0 as AMDGPU does not use a segment selector.
2395
23964.  ``code_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2397
2398    .. TODO::
2399
2400       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2401
24025.  ``data_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2403
2404    .. TODO::
2405
2406       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2407
24086.  ``return_address_register`` is ``PC_32`` for 32-bit processes and ``PC_64``
2409    for 64-bit processes defined in :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2410
24117.  ``initial_instructions`` Since a subprogram X with fewer registers can be
2412    called from subprogram Y that has more allocated, X will not change any of
2413    the extra registers as it cannot access them. Therefore, the default rule
2414    for all columns is ``same value``.
2415
2416For AMDGPU the register number follows the numbering defined in
2417:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2418
2419For AMDGPU the instructions are variable size. A consumer can subtract 1 from
2420the return address to get the address of a byte within the call site
2421instructions. See DWARF Version 5 section 6.4.4.
2422
2423Accelerated Access
2424------------------
2425
2426See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.
2427
2428Lookup By Name Section Header
2429~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2430
2431See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.1.4.1 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-lookup-by-name`.
2432
2433For AMDGPU the lookup by name section header table:
2434
2435``augmentation_string_size`` (uword)
2436
2437  Set to the length of the ``augmentation_string`` value which is always a
2438  multiple of 4.
2439
2440``augmentation_string`` (sequence of UTF-8 characters)
2441
2442  Contains the following UTF-8 string null padded to a multiple of 4 bytes:
2443
2444  ::
2445
2446    [amdgpu:v0.0]
2447
2448  The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2449  extensions used in the DWARF of this index. The version number conforms to
2450  [SEMVER]_.
2451
2452  .. note::
2453
2454    This is different to the DWARF Version 5 definition that requires the first
2455    4 characters to be the vendor ID. But this is consistent with the other
2456    augmentation strings and does allow multiple vendor contributions. However,
2457    backwards compatibility may be more desirable.
2458
2459Lookup By Address Section Header
2460~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2461
2462See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.2.
2463
2464For AMDGPU the lookup by address section header table:
2465
2466``address_size`` (ubyte)
2467
2468  Match the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2469  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2470
2471``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2472
2473  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0. The entries in the
2474  ``.debug_aranges`` do not have a segment selector.
2475
2476Line Number Information
2477-----------------------
2478
2479See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information`.
2480
2481AMDGPU does not use the ``isa`` state machine registers and always sets it to 0.
2482The instruction set must be obtained from the ELF file header ``e_flags`` field
2483in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit position (see :ref:`ELF Header
2484<amdgpu-elf-header>`). See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.2.
2485
2486.. TODO::
2487
2488  Should the ``isa`` state machine register be used to indicate if the code is
2489  in wavefront32 or wavefront64 mode? Or used to specify the architecture ISA?
2490
2491For AMDGPU the line number program header fields have the following values (see
2492DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4):
2493
2494``address_size`` (ubyte)
2495  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2496  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2497
2498``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2499  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0.
2500
2501``minimum_instruction_length`` (ubyte)
2502  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 4.
2503
2504``maximum_operations_per_instruction`` (ubyte)
2505  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 1.
2506
2507Source text for online-compiled programs (for example, those compiled by the
2508OpenCL language runtime) may be embedded into the DWARF Version 5 line table.
2509See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4.1 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For
2510Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`DW_LNCT_LLVM_source
2511<amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information-dw-lnct-llvm-source>`.
2512
2513The Clang option used to control source embedding in AMDGPU is defined in
2514:ref:`amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table`.
2515
2516  .. table:: AMDGPU Clang Debug Options
2517     :name: amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table
2518
2519     ==================== ==================================================
2520     Debug Flag           Description
2521     ==================== ==================================================
2522     -g[no-]embed-source  Enable/disable embedding source text in DWARF
2523                          debug sections. Useful for environments where
2524                          source cannot be written to disk, such as
2525                          when performing online compilation.
2526     ==================== ==================================================
2527
2528For example:
2529
2530``-gembed-source``
2531  Enable the embedded source.
2532
2533``-gno-embed-source``
2534  Disable the embedded source.
2535
253632-Bit and 64-Bit DWARF Formats
2537-------------------------------
2538
2539See DWARF Version 5 section 7.4 and
2540:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-32-bit-and-64-bit-dwarf-formats`.
2541
2542For AMDGPU:
2543
2544* For the ``amdgcn`` target architecture only the 64-bit process address space
2545  is supported.
2546
2547* The producer can generate either 32-bit or 64-bit DWARF format. LLVM generates
2548  the 32-bit DWARF format.
2549
2550Unit Headers
2551------------
2552
2553For AMDGPU the following values apply for each of the unit headers described in
2554DWARF Version 5 sections 7.5.1.1, 7.5.1.2, and 7.5.1.3:
2555
2556``address_size`` (ubyte)
2557  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2558  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2559
2560.. _amdgpu-code-conventions:
2561
2562Code Conventions
2563================
2564
2565This section provides code conventions used for each supported target triple OS
2566(see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2567
2568AMDHSA
2569------
2570
2571This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
2572``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2573
2574.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata:
2575
2576Code Object Metadata
2577~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2578
2579The code object metadata specifies extensible metadata associated with the code
2580objects executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). The
2581encoding and semantics of this metadata depends on the code object version; see
2582:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2`,
2583:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
2584:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
2585:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
2586
2587Code object metadata is specified in a note record (see
2588:ref:`amdgpu-note-records`) and is required when the target triple OS is
2589``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). It must contain the minimum
2590information necessary to support the HSA compatible runtime kernel queries. For
2591example, the segment sizes needed in a dispatch packet. In addition, a
2592high-level language runtime may require other information to be included. For
2593example, the AMD OpenCL runtime records kernel argument information.
2594
2595.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2:
2596
2597Code Object V2 Metadata
2598+++++++++++++++++++++++
2599
2600.. warning::
2601  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
2602  of LLVM.
2603
2604Code object V2 metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA`` note record
2605(see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`).
2606
2607The metadata is specified as a YAML formatted string (see [YAML]_ and
2608:doc:`YamlIO`).
2609
2610.. TODO::
2611
2612  Is the string null terminated? It probably should not if YAML allows it to
2613  contain null characters, otherwise it should be.
2614
2615The metadata is represented as a single YAML document comprised of the mapping
2616defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table` and
2617referenced tables.
2618
2619For boolean values, the string values of ``false`` and ``true`` are used for
2620false and true respectively.
2621
2622Additional information can be added to the mappings. To avoid conflicts, any
2623non-AMD key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*.".
2624
2625  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Metadata Map
2626     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table
2627
2628     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2629     String Key Value Type     Required? Description
2630     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2631     "Version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
2632                2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
2633                                         - The second integer is the minor
2634                                           version. Currently 0.
2635     "Printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
2636                strings                  about a printf function call. The
2637                                         encoded information is organized as
2638                                         fields separated by colon (':'):
2639
2640                                         ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
2641
2642                                         where:
2643
2644                                         ``ID``
2645                                           A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
2646                                           each printf function call
2647
2648                                         ``N``
2649                                           A 32-bit integer equal to the number
2650                                           of arguments of printf function call
2651                                           minus 1
2652
2653                                         ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
2654                                           32-bit integers for the size in bytes
2655                                           of the i-th FormatString argument of
2656                                           the printf function call
2657
2658                                         FormatString
2659                                           The format string passed to the
2660                                           printf function call.
2661     "Kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the mappings for each
2662                mapping                  kernel in the code object. See
2663                                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table`
2664                                         for the definition of the mapping.
2665     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2666
2667..
2668
2669  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Metadata Map
2670     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table
2671
2672     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2673     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2674     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2675     "Name"            string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
2676     "SymbolName"      string         Required  Name of the kernel
2677                                                descriptor ELF symbol.
2678     "Language"        string                   Source language of the kernel.
2679                                                Values include:
2680
2681                                                - "OpenCL C"
2682                                                - "OpenCL C++"
2683                                                - "HCC"
2684                                                - "OpenMP"
2685
2686     "LanguageVersion" sequence of              - The first integer is the major
2687                       2 integers                 version.
2688                                                - The second integer is the
2689                                                  minor version.
2690     "Attrs"           mapping                  Mapping of kernel attributes.
2691                                                See
2692                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table`
2693                                                for the mapping definition.
2694     "Args"            sequence of              Sequence of mappings of the
2695                       mapping                  kernel arguments. See
2696                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table`
2697                                                for the definition of the mapping.
2698     "CodeProps"       mapping                  Mapping of properties related to
2699                                                the kernel code. See
2700                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table`
2701                                                for the mapping definition.
2702     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2703
2704..
2705
2706  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Attribute Metadata Map
2707     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table
2708
2709     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2710     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
2711     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2712     "ReqdWorkGroupSize" sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
2713                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
2714                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
2715                                                  correspond to the specified
2716                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
2717
2718                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2719                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
2720                                                  attribute.
2721     "WorkGroupSizeHint" sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
2722                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
2723                                                  specified values.
2724
2725                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2726                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
2727                                                  attribute.
2728     "VecTypeHint"       string                   The name of a scalar or vector
2729                                                  type.
2730
2731                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2732                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
2733
2734     "RuntimeHandle"     string                   The external symbol name
2735                                                  associated with a kernel.
2736                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
2737                                                  global buffer for the symbol
2738                                                  and saves the kernel's address
2739                                                  to it, which is used for
2740                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
2741                                                  available for device side
2742                                                  enqueued kernels.
2743     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2744
2745..
2746
2747  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
2748     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table
2749
2750     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2751     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2752     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2753     "Name"            string                   Kernel argument name.
2754     "TypeName"        string                   Kernel argument type name.
2755     "Size"            integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
2756     "Align"           integer        Required  Kernel argument alignment in
2757                                                bytes. Must be a power of two.
2758     "ValueKind"       string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
2759                                                specifies how to set up the
2760                                                corresponding argument.
2761                                                Values include:
2762
2763                                                "ByValue"
2764                                                  The argument is copied
2765                                                  directly into the kernarg.
2766
2767                                                "GlobalBuffer"
2768                                                  A global address space pointer
2769                                                  to the buffer data is passed
2770                                                  in the kernarg.
2771
2772                                                "DynamicSharedPointer"
2773                                                  A group address space pointer
2774                                                  to dynamically allocated LDS
2775                                                  is passed in the kernarg.
2776
2777                                                "Sampler"
2778                                                  A global address space
2779                                                  pointer to a S# is passed in
2780                                                  the kernarg.
2781
2782                                                "Image"
2783                                                  A global address space
2784                                                  pointer to a T# is passed in
2785                                                  the kernarg.
2786
2787                                                "Pipe"
2788                                                  A global address space pointer
2789                                                  to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
2790                                                  the kernarg.
2791
2792                                                "Queue"
2793                                                  A global address space pointer
2794                                                  to an OpenCL device enqueue
2795                                                  queue is passed in the
2796                                                  kernarg.
2797
2798                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetX"
2799                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2800                                                  global offset for the X
2801                                                  dimension is passed in the
2802                                                  kernarg.
2803
2804                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetY"
2805                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2806                                                  global offset for the Y
2807                                                  dimension is passed in the
2808                                                  kernarg.
2809
2810                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetZ"
2811                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2812                                                  global offset for the Z
2813                                                  dimension is passed in the
2814                                                  kernarg.
2815
2816                                                "HiddenNone"
2817                                                  An argument that is not used
2818                                                  by the kernel. Space needs to
2819                                                  be left for it, but it does
2820                                                  not need to be set up.
2821
2822                                                "HiddenPrintfBuffer"
2823                                                  A global address space pointer
2824                                                  to the runtime printf buffer
2825                                                  is passed in kernarg.
2826
2827                                                "HiddenHostcallBuffer"
2828                                                  A global address space pointer
2829                                                  to the runtime hostcall buffer
2830                                                  is passed in kernarg.
2831
2832                                                "HiddenDefaultQueue"
2833                                                  A global address space pointer
2834                                                  to the OpenCL device enqueue
2835                                                  queue that should be used by
2836                                                  the kernel by default is
2837                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2838
2839                                                "HiddenCompletionAction"
2840                                                  A global address space pointer
2841                                                  to help link enqueued kernels into
2842                                                  the ancestor tree for determining
2843                                                  when the parent kernel has finished.
2844
2845                                                "HiddenMultiGridSyncArg"
2846                                                  A global address space pointer for
2847                                                  multi-grid synchronization is
2848                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2849
2850     "ValueType"       string                   Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
2851                                                be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
2852
2853
2854     "PointeeAlign"    integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
2855                                                type for pointer type kernel
2856                                                argument. Must be a power
2857                                                of 2. Only present if
2858                                                "ValueKind" is
2859                                                "DynamicSharedPointer".
2860     "AddrSpaceQual"   string                   Kernel argument address space
2861                                                qualifier. Only present if
2862                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer" or
2863                                                "DynamicSharedPointer". Values
2864                                                are:
2865
2866                                                - "Private"
2867                                                - "Global"
2868                                                - "Constant"
2869                                                - "Local"
2870                                                - "Generic"
2871                                                - "Region"
2872
2873                                                .. TODO::
2874
2875                                                   Is GlobalBuffer only Global
2876                                                   or Constant? Is
2877                                                   DynamicSharedPointer always
2878                                                   Local? Can HCC allow Generic?
2879                                                   How can Private or Region
2880                                                   ever happen?
2881
2882     "AccQual"         string                   Kernel argument access
2883                                                qualifier. Only present if
2884                                                "ValueKind" is "Image" or
2885                                                "Pipe". Values
2886                                                are:
2887
2888                                                - "ReadOnly"
2889                                                - "WriteOnly"
2890                                                - "ReadWrite"
2891
2892                                                .. TODO::
2893
2894                                                   Does this apply to
2895                                                   GlobalBuffer?
2896
2897     "ActualAccQual"   string                   The actual memory accesses
2898                                                performed by the kernel on the
2899                                                kernel argument. Only present if
2900                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer",
2901                                                "Image", or "Pipe". This may be
2902                                                more restrictive than indicated
2903                                                by "AccQual" to reflect what the
2904                                                kernel actual does. If not
2905                                                present then the runtime must
2906                                                assume what is implied by
2907                                                "AccQual" and "IsConst". Values
2908                                                are:
2909
2910                                                - "ReadOnly"
2911                                                - "WriteOnly"
2912                                                - "ReadWrite"
2913
2914     "IsConst"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2915                                                is const qualified. Only present
2916                                                if "ValueKind" is
2917                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2918
2919     "IsRestrict"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2920                                                is restrict qualified. Only
2921                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2922                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2923
2924     "IsVolatile"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2925                                                is volatile qualified. Only
2926                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2927                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2928
2929     "IsPipe"          boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2930                                                is pipe qualified. Only present
2931                                                if "ValueKind" is "Pipe".
2932
2933                                                .. TODO::
2934
2935                                                   Can GlobalBuffer be pipe
2936                                                   qualified?
2937
2938     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2939
2940..
2941
2942  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Code Properties Metadata Map
2943     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table
2944
2945     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2946     String Key                   Value Type     Required? Description
2947     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2948     "KernargSegmentSize"         integer        Required  The size in bytes of
2949                                                           the kernarg segment
2950                                                           that holds the values
2951                                                           of the arguments to
2952                                                           the kernel.
2953     "GroupSegmentFixedSize"      integer        Required  The amount of group
2954                                                           segment memory
2955                                                           required by a
2956                                                           work-group in
2957                                                           bytes. This does not
2958                                                           include any
2959                                                           dynamically allocated
2960                                                           group segment memory
2961                                                           that may be added
2962                                                           when the kernel is
2963                                                           dispatched.
2964     "PrivateSegmentFixedSize"    integer        Required  The amount of fixed
2965                                                           private address space
2966                                                           memory required for a
2967                                                           work-item in
2968                                                           bytes. If the kernel
2969                                                           uses a dynamic call
2970                                                           stack then additional
2971                                                           space must be added
2972                                                           to this value for the
2973                                                           call stack.
2974     "KernargSegmentAlign"        integer        Required  The maximum byte
2975                                                           alignment of
2976                                                           arguments in the
2977                                                           kernarg segment. Must
2978                                                           be a power of 2.
2979     "WavefrontSize"              integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
2980                                                           be a power of 2.
2981     "NumSGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of scalar
2982                                                           registers used by a
2983                                                           wavefront for
2984                                                           GFX6-GFX10. This
2985                                                           includes the special
2986                                                           SGPRs for VCC, Flat
2987                                                           Scratch (GFX7-GFX10)
2988                                                           and XNACK (for
2989                                                           GFX8-GFX10). It does
2990                                                           not include the 16
2991                                                           SGPR added if a trap
2992                                                           handler is
2993                                                           enabled. It is not
2994                                                           rounded up to the
2995                                                           allocation
2996                                                           granularity.
2997     "NumVGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of vector
2998                                                           registers used by
2999                                                           each work-item for
3000                                                           GFX6-GFX10
3001     "MaxFlatWorkGroupSize"       integer        Required  Maximum flat
3002                                                           work-group size
3003                                                           supported by the
3004                                                           kernel in work-items.
3005                                                           Must be >=1 and
3006                                                           consistent with
3007                                                           ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3008                                                           not 0, 0, 0.
3009     "NumSpilledSGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3010                                                           a scalar register to
3011                                                           a register allocator
3012                                                           created spill
3013                                                           location.
3014     "NumSpilledVGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3015                                                           a vector register to
3016                                                           a register allocator
3017                                                           created spill
3018                                                           location.
3019     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
3020
3021.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3:
3022
3023Code Object V3 Metadata
3024+++++++++++++++++++++++
3025
3026.. warning::
3027  Code object V3 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3028  of LLVM.
3029
3030Code object V3 and above metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
3031record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
3032
3033The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
3034[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the
3035keys defined in table
3036:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3` and referenced
3037tables.
3038
3039Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts,
3040any key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where
3041``vendor-name`` can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor
3042tool that generates the information. The prefix is abbreviated to
3043simply "." when it appears within a map that has been added by the
3044same *vendor-name*.
3045
3046  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Metadata Map
3047     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3
3048
3049     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3050     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3051     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3052     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3053                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3054                                                - The second integer is the minor
3055                                                  version. Currently 0.
3056     "amdhsa.printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
3057                       strings                  about a printf function call. The
3058                                                encoded information is organized as
3059                                                fields separated by colon (':'):
3060
3061                                                ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
3062
3063                                                where:
3064
3065                                                ``ID``
3066                                                  A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
3067                                                  each printf function call
3068
3069                                                ``N``
3070                                                  A 32-bit integer equal to the number
3071                                                  of arguments of printf function call
3072                                                  minus 1
3073
3074                                                ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
3075                                                  32-bit integers for the size in bytes
3076                                                  of the i-th FormatString argument of
3077                                                  the printf function call
3078
3079                                                FormatString
3080                                                  The format string passed to the
3081                                                  printf function call.
3082     "amdhsa.kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the maps for each
3083                       map                      kernel in the code object. See
3084                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3`
3085                                                for the definition of the keys included
3086                                                in that map.
3087     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3088
3089..
3090
3091  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Metadata Map
3092     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3
3093
3094     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3095     String Key                          Value Type     Required? Description
3096     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3097     ".name"                             string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
3098     ".symbol"                           string         Required  Name of the kernel
3099                                                                  descriptor ELF symbol.
3100     ".language"                         string                   Source language of the kernel.
3101                                                                  Values include:
3102
3103                                                                  - "OpenCL C"
3104                                                                  - "OpenCL C++"
3105                                                                  - "HCC"
3106                                                                  - "HIP"
3107                                                                  - "OpenMP"
3108                                                                  - "Assembler"
3109
3110     ".language_version"                 sequence of              - The first integer is the major
3111                                         2 integers                 version.
3112                                                                  - The second integer is the
3113                                                                    minor version.
3114     ".args"                             sequence of              Sequence of maps of the
3115                                         map                      kernel arguments. See
3116                                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`
3117                                                                  for the definition of the keys
3118                                                                  included in that map.
3119     ".reqd_workgroup_size"              sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
3120                                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
3121                                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
3122                                                                  correspond to the specified
3123                                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
3124
3125                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3126                                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
3127                                                                  attribute.
3128     ".workgroup_size_hint"              sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
3129                                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
3130                                                                  specified values.
3131
3132                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3133                                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
3134                                                                  attribute.
3135     ".vec_type_hint"                    string                   The name of a scalar or vector
3136                                                                  type.
3137
3138                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3139                                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
3140
3141     ".device_enqueue_symbol"            string                   The external symbol name
3142                                                                  associated with a kernel.
3143                                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
3144                                                                  global buffer for the symbol
3145                                                                  and saves the kernel's address
3146                                                                  to it, which is used for
3147                                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
3148                                                                  available for device side
3149                                                                  enqueued kernels.
3150     ".kernarg_segment_size"             integer        Required  The size in bytes of
3151                                                                  the kernarg segment
3152                                                                  that holds the values
3153                                                                  of the arguments to
3154                                                                  the kernel.
3155     ".group_segment_fixed_size"         integer        Required  The amount of group
3156                                                                  segment memory
3157                                                                  required by a
3158                                                                  work-group in
3159                                                                  bytes. This does not
3160                                                                  include any
3161                                                                  dynamically allocated
3162                                                                  group segment memory
3163                                                                  that may be added
3164                                                                  when the kernel is
3165                                                                  dispatched.
3166     ".private_segment_fixed_size"       integer        Required  The amount of fixed
3167                                                                  private address space
3168                                                                  memory required for a
3169                                                                  work-item in
3170                                                                  bytes. If the kernel
3171                                                                  uses a dynamic call
3172                                                                  stack then additional
3173                                                                  space must be added
3174                                                                  to this value for the
3175                                                                  call stack.
3176     ".kernarg_segment_align"            integer        Required  The maximum byte
3177                                                                  alignment of
3178                                                                  arguments in the
3179                                                                  kernarg segment. Must
3180                                                                  be a power of 2.
3181     ".wavefront_size"                   integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
3182                                                                  be a power of 2.
3183     ".sgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of scalar
3184                                                                  registers required by a
3185                                                                  wavefront for
3186                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3187                                                                  is required if it is
3188                                                                  used explicitly, or
3189                                                                  if a higher numbered
3190                                                                  register is used
3191                                                                  explicitly. This
3192                                                                  includes the special
3193                                                                  SGPRs for VCC, Flat
3194                                                                  Scratch (GFX7-GFX9)
3195                                                                  and XNACK (for
3196                                                                  GFX8-GFX9). It does
3197                                                                  not include the 16
3198                                                                  SGPR added if a trap
3199                                                                  handler is
3200                                                                  enabled. It is not
3201                                                                  rounded up to the
3202                                                                  allocation
3203                                                                  granularity.
3204     ".vgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of vector
3205                                                                  registers required by
3206                                                                  each work-item for
3207                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3208                                                                  is required if it is
3209                                                                  used explicitly, or
3210                                                                  if a higher numbered
3211                                                                  register is used
3212                                                                  explicitly.
3213     ".agpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of accumulator
3214                                                                  registers required by
3215                                                                  each work-item for
3216                                                                  GFX90A, GFX908.
3217     ".max_flat_workgroup_size"          integer        Required  Maximum flat
3218                                                                  work-group size
3219                                                                  supported by the
3220                                                                  kernel in work-items.
3221                                                                  Must be >=1 and
3222                                                                  consistent with
3223                                                                  ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3224                                                                  not 0, 0, 0.
3225     ".sgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3226                                                                  a scalar register to
3227                                                                  a register allocator
3228                                                                  created spill
3229                                                                  location.
3230     ".vgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3231                                                                  a vector register to
3232                                                                  a register allocator
3233                                                                  created spill
3234                                                                  location.
3235     ".kind"                             string                   The kind of the kernel
3236                                                                  with the following
3237                                                                  values:
3238
3239                                                                  "normal"
3240                                                                    Regular kernels.
3241
3242                                                                  "init"
3243                                                                    These kernels must be
3244                                                                    invoked after loading
3245                                                                    the containing code
3246                                                                    object and must
3247                                                                    complete before any
3248                                                                    normal and fini
3249                                                                    kernels in the same
3250                                                                    code object are
3251                                                                    invoked.
3252
3253                                                                  "fini"
3254                                                                    These kernels must be
3255                                                                    invoked before
3256                                                                    unloading the
3257                                                                    containing code object
3258                                                                    and after all init and
3259                                                                    normal kernels in the
3260                                                                    same code object have
3261                                                                    been invoked and
3262                                                                    completed.
3263
3264                                                                  If omitted, "normal" is
3265                                                                  assumed.
3266     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3267
3268..
3269
3270  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
3271     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3
3272
3273     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3274     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3275     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3276     ".name"                string                   Kernel argument name.
3277     ".type_name"           string                   Kernel argument type name.
3278     ".size"                integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
3279     ".offset"              integer        Required  Kernel argument offset in
3280                                                     bytes. The offset must be a
3281                                                     multiple of the alignment
3282                                                     required by the argument.
3283     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3284                                                     specifies how to set up the
3285                                                     corresponding argument.
3286                                                     Values include:
3287
3288                                                     "by_value"
3289                                                       The argument is copied
3290                                                       directly into the kernarg.
3291
3292                                                     "global_buffer"
3293                                                       A global address space pointer
3294                                                       to the buffer data is passed
3295                                                       in the kernarg.
3296
3297                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer"
3298                                                       A group address space pointer
3299                                                       to dynamically allocated LDS
3300                                                       is passed in the kernarg.
3301
3302                                                     "sampler"
3303                                                       A global address space
3304                                                       pointer to a S# is passed in
3305                                                       the kernarg.
3306
3307                                                     "image"
3308                                                       A global address space
3309                                                       pointer to a T# is passed in
3310                                                       the kernarg.
3311
3312                                                     "pipe"
3313                                                       A global address space pointer
3314                                                       to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
3315                                                       the kernarg.
3316
3317                                                     "queue"
3318                                                       A global address space pointer
3319                                                       to an OpenCL device enqueue
3320                                                       queue is passed in the
3321                                                       kernarg.
3322
3323                                                     "hidden_global_offset_x"
3324                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3325                                                       global offset for the X
3326                                                       dimension is passed in the
3327                                                       kernarg.
3328
3329                                                     "hidden_global_offset_y"
3330                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3331                                                       global offset for the Y
3332                                                       dimension is passed in the
3333                                                       kernarg.
3334
3335                                                     "hidden_global_offset_z"
3336                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3337                                                       global offset for the Z
3338                                                       dimension is passed in the
3339                                                       kernarg.
3340
3341                                                     "hidden_none"
3342                                                       An argument that is not used
3343                                                       by the kernel. Space needs to
3344                                                       be left for it, but it does
3345                                                       not need to be set up.
3346
3347                                                     "hidden_printf_buffer"
3348                                                       A global address space pointer
3349                                                       to the runtime printf buffer
3350                                                       is passed in kernarg.
3351
3352                                                     "hidden_hostcall_buffer"
3353                                                       A global address space pointer
3354                                                       to the runtime hostcall buffer
3355                                                       is passed in kernarg.
3356
3357                                                     "hidden_default_queue"
3358                                                       A global address space pointer
3359                                                       to the OpenCL device enqueue
3360                                                       queue that should be used by
3361                                                       the kernel by default is
3362                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3363
3364                                                     "hidden_completion_action"
3365                                                       A global address space pointer
3366                                                       to help link enqueued kernels into
3367                                                       the ancestor tree for determining
3368                                                       when the parent kernel has finished.
3369
3370                                                     "hidden_multigrid_sync_arg"
3371                                                       A global address space pointer for
3372                                                       multi-grid synchronization is
3373                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3374
3375     ".value_type"          string                    Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
3376                                                      be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
3377
3378     ".pointee_align"       integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
3379                                                     type for pointer type kernel
3380                                                     argument. Must be a power
3381                                                     of 2. Only present if
3382                                                     ".value_kind" is
3383                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer".
3384     ".address_space"       string                   Kernel argument address space
3385                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3386                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer" or
3387                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer". Values
3388                                                     are:
3389
3390                                                     - "private"
3391                                                     - "global"
3392                                                     - "constant"
3393                                                     - "local"
3394                                                     - "generic"
3395                                                     - "region"
3396
3397                                                     .. TODO::
3398
3399                                                        Is "global_buffer" only "global"
3400                                                        or "constant"? Is
3401                                                        "dynamic_shared_pointer" always
3402                                                        "local"? Can HCC allow "generic"?
3403                                                        How can "private" or "region"
3404                                                        ever happen?
3405
3406     ".access"              string                   Kernel argument access
3407                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3408                                                     ".value_kind" is "image" or
3409                                                     "pipe". Values
3410                                                     are:
3411
3412                                                     - "read_only"
3413                                                     - "write_only"
3414                                                     - "read_write"
3415
3416                                                     .. TODO::
3417
3418                                                        Does this apply to
3419                                                        "global_buffer"?
3420
3421     ".actual_access"       string                   The actual memory accesses
3422                                                     performed by the kernel on the
3423                                                     kernel argument. Only present if
3424                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer",
3425                                                     "image", or "pipe". This may be
3426                                                     more restrictive than indicated
3427                                                     by ".access" to reflect what the
3428                                                     kernel actual does. If not
3429                                                     present then the runtime must
3430                                                     assume what is implied by
3431                                                     ".access" and ".is_const"      . Values
3432                                                     are:
3433
3434                                                     - "read_only"
3435                                                     - "write_only"
3436                                                     - "read_write"
3437
3438     ".is_const"            boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3439                                                     is const qualified. Only present
3440                                                     if ".value_kind" is
3441                                                     "global_buffer".
3442
3443     ".is_restrict"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3444                                                     is restrict qualified. Only
3445                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3446                                                     "global_buffer".
3447
3448     ".is_volatile"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3449                                                     is volatile qualified. Only
3450                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3451                                                     "global_buffer".
3452
3453     ".is_pipe"             boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3454                                                     is pipe qualified. Only present
3455                                                     if ".value_kind" is "pipe".
3456
3457                                                     .. TODO::
3458
3459                                                        Can "global_buffer" be pipe
3460                                                        qualified?
3461
3462     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3463
3464.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4:
3465
3466Code Object V4 Metadata
3467+++++++++++++++++++++++
3468
3469Code object V4 metadata is the same as
3470:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3` with the changes and additions
3471defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4`.
3472
3473  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V4 Metadata Map Changes
3474     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4
3475
3476     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3477     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3478     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3479     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3480                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3481                                                - The second integer is the minor
3482                                                  version. Currently 1.
3483     "amdhsa.target"   string         Required  The target name of the code using the syntax:
3484
3485                                                .. code::
3486
3487                                                  <target-triple> [ "-" <target-id> ]
3488
3489                                                A canonical target ID must be
3490                                                used. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`
3491                                                and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
3492     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3493
3494.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5:
3495
3496Code Object V5 Metadata
3497+++++++++++++++++++++++
3498
3499.. warning::
3500  Code object V5 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3501  of LLVM.
3502
3503
3504Code object V5 metadata is the same as
3505:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` with the changes defined in table
3506:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5` and table
3507:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5`.
3508
3509  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Metadata Map Changes
3510     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5
3511
3512     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3513     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3514     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3515     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3516                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3517                                                - The second integer is the minor
3518                                                  version. Currently 2.
3519     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3520
3521..
3522
3523  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Kernel Argument Metadata Map Additions and Changes
3524     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5
3525
3526     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3527     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3528     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3529     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3530                                                     specifies how to set up the
3531                                                     corresponding argument.
3532                                                     Values include:
3533                                                     the same as code object V3 metadata
3534                                                     (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`)
3535                                                     with the following additions:
3536
3537                                                     "hidden_block_count_x"
3538                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the X dimension
3539                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3540                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3541                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3542                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3543                                                       which has the grid size in work-items.
3544
3545                                                     "hidden_block_count_y"
3546                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Y dimension
3547                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3548                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3549                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3550                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3551                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3552                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3553
3554                                                     "hidden_block_count_z"
3555                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Z dimension
3556                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3557                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3558                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3559                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3560                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3561                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3562
3563                                                     "hidden_group_size_x"
3564                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the X dimension is
3565                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3566                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3567                                                       dispatch packet work-group size.
3568
3569                                                     "hidden_group_size_y"
3570                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Y dimension is
3571                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3572                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3573                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3574                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3575
3576                                                     "hidden_group_size_z"
3577                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Z dimension is
3578                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3579                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3580                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3581                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3582
3583                                                     "hidden_remainder_x"
3584                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3585                                                       of the X dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3586                                                       work group does not exist in the X dimension.
3587
3588                                                     "hidden_remainder_y"
3589                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3590                                                       of the Y dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3591                                                       work group does not exist in the Y dimension.
3592
3593                                                     "hidden_remainder_z"
3594                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3595                                                       of the Z dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3596                                                       work group does not exist in the Z dimension.
3597
3598                                                     "hidden_grid_dims"
3599                                                       The grid dispatch dimensionality. This is the same value
3600                                                       as the AQL dispatch packet dimensionality. Must be a value
3601                                                       between 1 and 3.
3602
3603                                                     "hidden_heap_v1"
3604                                                       A global address space pointer to an initialized memory
3605                                                       buffer that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free
3606                                                       device library V1 version implementation.
3607
3608                                                     "hidden_private_base"
3609                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing private aperture base.
3610                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between private segment
3611                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3612
3613                                                     "hidden_shared_base"
3614                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing shared aperture base.
3615                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between shared segment
3616                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3617
3618                                                     "hidden_queue_ptr"
3619                                                       A global memory address space pointer to the ROCm runtime
3620                                                       ``struct amd_queue_t`` structure for the HSA queue of the
3621                                                       associated dispatch AQL packet. It is only required for pre-GFX9
3622                                                       devices for the trap handler ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi`).
3623
3624     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3625
3626..
3627
3628Kernel Dispatch
3629~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3630
3631The HSA architected queuing language (AQL) defines a user space memory interface
3632that can be used to control the dispatch of kernels, in an agent independent
3633way. An agent can have zero or more AQL queues created for it using an HSA
3634compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), in which AQL packets (all of which
3635are 64 bytes) can be placed. See the *HSA Platform System Architecture
3636Specification* [HSA]_ for the AQL queue mechanics and packet layouts.
3637
3638The packet processor of a kernel agent is responsible for detecting and
3639dispatching HSA kernels from the AQL queues associated with it. For AMD GPUs the
3640packet processor is implemented by the hardware command processor (CP),
3641asynchronous dispatch controller (ADC) and shader processor input controller
3642(SPI).
3643
3644An HSA compatible runtime can be used to allocate an AQL queue object. It uses
3645the kernel mode driver to initialize and register the AQL queue with CP.
3646
3647To dispatch a kernel the following actions are performed. This can occur in the
3648CPU host program, or from an HSA kernel executing on a GPU.
3649
36501. A pointer to an AQL queue for the kernel agent on which the kernel is to be
3651   executed is obtained.
36522. A pointer to the kernel descriptor (see
3653   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`) of the kernel to execute is obtained.
3654   It must be for a kernel that is contained in a code object that was loaded
3655   by an HSA compatible runtime on the kernel agent with which the AQL queue is
3656   associated.
36573. Space is allocated for the kernel arguments using the HSA compatible runtime
3658   allocator for a memory region with the kernarg property for the kernel agent
3659   that will execute the kernel. It must be at least 16-byte aligned.
36604. Kernel argument values are assigned to the kernel argument memory
3661   allocation. The layout is defined in the *HSA Programmer's Language
3662   Reference* [HSA]_. For AMDGPU the kernel execution directly accesses the
3663   kernel argument memory in the same way constant memory is accessed. (Note
3664   that the HSA specification allows an implementation to copy the kernel
3665   argument contents to another location that is accessed by the kernel.)
36665. An AQL kernel dispatch packet is created on the AQL queue. The HSA compatible
3667   runtime api uses 64-bit atomic operations to reserve space in the AQL queue
3668   for the packet. The packet must be set up, and the final write must use an
3669   atomic store release to set the packet kind to ensure the packet contents are
3670   visible to the kernel agent. AQL defines a doorbell signal mechanism to
3671   notify the kernel agent that the AQL queue has been updated. These rules, and
3672   the layout of the AQL queue and kernel dispatch packet is defined in the *HSA
3673   System Architecture Specification* [HSA]_.
36746. A kernel dispatch packet includes information about the actual dispatch,
3675   such as grid and work-group size, together with information from the code
3676   object about the kernel, such as segment sizes. The HSA compatible runtime
3677   queries on the kernel symbol can be used to obtain the code object values
3678   which are recorded in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`.
36797. CP executes micro-code and is responsible for detecting and setting up the
3680   GPU to execute the wavefronts of a kernel dispatch.
36818. CP ensures that when the a wavefront starts executing the kernel machine
3682   code, the scalar general purpose registers (SGPR) and vector general purpose
3683   registers (VGPR) are set up as required by the machine code. The required
3684   setup is defined in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. The initial
3685   register state is defined in
3686   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
36879. The prolog of the kernel machine code (see
3688   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`) sets up the machine state as necessary
3689   before continuing executing the machine code that corresponds to the kernel.
369010. When the kernel dispatch has completed execution, CP signals the completion
3691    signal specified in the kernel dispatch packet if not 0.
3692
3693.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces:
3694
3695Memory Spaces
3696~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3697
3698The memory space properties are:
3699
3700  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Spaces
3701     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces-table
3702
3703     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3704     Memory Space Name HSA Segment Hardware Address NULL Value
3705                       Name        Name     Size
3706     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3707     Private           private     scratch  32      0x00000000
3708     Local             group       LDS      32      0xFFFFFFFF
3709     Global            global      global   64      0x0000000000000000
3710     Constant          constant    *same as 64      0x0000000000000000
3711                                   global*
3712     Generic           flat        flat     64      0x0000000000000000
3713     Region            N/A         GDS      32      *not implemented
3714                                                    for AMDHSA*
3715     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3716
3717The global and constant memory spaces both use global virtual addresses, which
3718are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some virtual
3719addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible by the GPU,
3720and some by both.
3721
3722Using the constant memory space indicates that the data will not change during
3723the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to be
3724used. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated of volatile data before
3725each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant memory to change values between
3726kernel dispatches.
3727
3728The local memory space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
3729automatically allocated when the hardware creates work-groups of wavefronts, and
3730freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have terminated. The data store
3731(DS) instructions can be used to access it.
3732
3733The private memory space uses the hardware scratch memory support. If the kernel
3734uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory that is accessed using
3735wavefront lane dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping used from private
3736address to physical address is:
3737
3738  ``wavefront-scratch-base +
3739  (private-address * wavefront-size * 4) +
3740  (wavefront-lane-id * 4)``
3741
3742There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is determined
3743by a wavefront (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). This
3744memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer instruction with
3745the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch offset, by the scratch
3746instructions, or by flat instructions. If each lane of a wavefront accesses the
3747same private address, the interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed
3748and hence requires fewer cache lines to be fetched. Multi-dword access is not
3749supported except by flat and scratch instructions in GFX9-GFX10.
3750
3751The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support available in
3752GFX7-GFX10. This uses two fixed ranges of virtual addresses (the private and
3753local apertures), that are outside the range of addressible global memory, to
3754map from a flat address to a private or local address.
3755
3756FLAT instructions can take a flat address and access global, private (scratch)
3757and group (LDS) memory depending on if the address is within one of the
3758aperture ranges. Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and
3759setup in the kernel prologue (see
3760:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat access to LDS requires
3761hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register setup (see
3762:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
3763
3764To convert between a segment address and a flat address the base address of the
3765apertures address can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
3766:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
3767Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
3768GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline constant
3769registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``. In 64 bit
3770address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is aligned to 2^32
3771which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or segment to flat.
3772
3773Image and Samplers
3774~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3775
3776Image and sample handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3777:ref:`amdgpu-os`) are 64-bit addresses of a hardware 32-byte V# and 48 byte S#
3778object respectively. In order to support the HSA ``query_sampler`` operations
3779two extra dwords are used to store the HSA BRIG enumeration values for the
3780queries that are not trivially deducible from the S# representation.
3781
3782HSA Signals
3783~~~~~~~~~~~
3784
3785HSA signal handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`)
3786are 64-bit addresses of a structure allocated in memory accessible from both the
3787CPU and GPU. The structure is defined by the runtime and subject to change
3788between releases. For example, see [AMD-ROCm-github]_.
3789
3790.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue:
3791
3792HSA AQL Queue
3793~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3794
3795The HSA AQL queue structure is defined by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3796:ref:`amdgpu-os`) and subject to change between releases. For example, see
3797[AMD-ROCm-github]_. For some processors it contains fields needed to implement
3798certain language features such as the flat address aperture bases. It also
3799contains fields used by CP such as managing the allocation of scratch memory.
3800
3801.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor:
3802
3803Kernel Descriptor
3804~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3805
3806A kernel descriptor consists of the information needed by CP to initiate the
3807execution of a kernel, including the entry point address of the machine code
3808that implements the kernel.
3809
3810Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3811++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3812
3813CP microcode requires the Kernel descriptor to be allocated on 64-byte
3814alignment.
3815
3816The fields used by CP for code objects before V3 also match those specified in
3817:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
3818
3819  .. table:: Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3820     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table
3821
3822     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3823     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3824     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3825     31:0    4 bytes GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE        The amount of fixed local
3826                                                     address space memory
3827                                                     required for a work-group
3828                                                     in bytes. This does not
3829                                                     include any dynamically
3830                                                     allocated local address
3831                                                     space memory that may be
3832                                                     added when the kernel is
3833                                                     dispatched.
3834     63:32   4 bytes PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE      The amount of fixed
3835                                                     private address space
3836                                                     memory required for a
3837                                                     work-item in bytes.
3838                                                     Additional space may need to
3839                                                     be added to this value if
3840                                                     the call stack has
3841                                                     non-inlined function calls.
3842     95:64   4 bytes KERNARG_SIZE                    The size of the kernarg
3843                                                     memory pointed to by the
3844                                                     AQL dispatch packet. The
3845                                                     kernarg memory is used to
3846                                                     pass arguments to the
3847                                                     kernel.
3848
3849                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3850                                                       the dispatch packet is NULL
3851                                                       then there are no kernel
3852                                                       arguments.
3853                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3854                                                       the dispatch packet is
3855                                                       not NULL and this value
3856                                                       is 0 then the kernarg
3857                                                       memory size is
3858                                                       unspecified.
3859                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3860                                                       the dispatch packet is
3861                                                       not NULL and this value
3862                                                       is not 0 then the value
3863                                                       specifies the kernarg
3864                                                       memory size in bytes. It
3865                                                       is recommended to provide
3866                                                       a value as it may be used
3867                                                       by CP to optimize making
3868                                                       the kernarg memory
3869                                                       visible to the kernel
3870                                                       code.
3871
3872     127:96  4 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3873     191:128 8 bytes KERNEL_CODE_ENTRY_BYTE_OFFSET   Byte offset (possibly
3874                                                     negative) from base
3875                                                     address of kernel
3876                                                     descriptor to kernel's
3877                                                     entry point instruction
3878                                                     which must be 256 byte
3879                                                     aligned.
3880     351:272 20                                      Reserved, must be 0.
3881             bytes
3882     383:352 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3               GFX6-GFX9
3883                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3884                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3885                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3886                                                       program settings used by
3887                                                       CP to set up
3888                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3889                                                       configuration
3890                                                       register. See
3891                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
3892                                                     GFX10
3893                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3894                                                       program settings used by
3895                                                       CP to set up
3896                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3897                                                       configuration
3898                                                       register. See
3899                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
3900     415:384 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1               Compute Shader (CS)
3901                                                     program settings used by
3902                                                     CP to set up
3903                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1``
3904                                                     configuration
3905                                                     register. See
3906                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3907     447:416 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2               Compute Shader (CS)
3908                                                     program settings used by
3909                                                     CP to set up
3910                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2``
3911                                                     configuration
3912                                                     register. See
3913                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3914     458:448 7 bits  *See separate bits below.*      Enable the setup of the
3915                                                     SGPR user data registers
3916                                                     (see
3917                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
3918
3919                                                     The total number of SGPR
3920                                                     user data registers
3921                                                     requested must not exceed
3922                                                     16 and match value in
3923                                                     ``compute_pgm_rsrc2.user_sgpr.user_sgpr_count``.
3924                                                     Any requests beyond 16
3925                                                     will be ignored.
3926     >448    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT     If the *Target Properties*
3927                     _BUFFER                         column of
3928                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3929                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3930                                                     scratch* then not supported
3931                                                     and must be 0,
3932     >449    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR
3933     >450    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR
3934     >451    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR
3935     >452    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID
3936     >453    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT   If the *Target Properties*
3937                                                     column of
3938                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3939                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3940                                                     scratch* then not supported
3941                                                     and must be 0,
3942     >454    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT
3943                     _SIZE
3944     457:455 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3945     458     1 bit   ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32         GFX6-GFX9
3946                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3947                                                     GFX10
3948                                                       - If 0 execute in
3949                                                         wavefront size 64 mode.
3950                                                       - If 1 execute in
3951                                                         native wavefront size
3952                                                         32 mode.
3953     463:459 1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
3954     464     1 bit   RESERVED_464                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3955     467:465 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3956     468     1 bit   RESERVED_468                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3957     469:471 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3958     511:472 5 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3959     512     **Total size 64 bytes.**
3960     ======= ====================================================================
3961
3962..
3963
3964  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc1 for GFX6-GFX10
3965     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table
3966
3967     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3968     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3969     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3970     5:0     6 bits  GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT  Number of vector register
3971                                                     blocks used by each work-item;
3972                                                     granularity is device
3973                                                     specific:
3974
3975                                                     GFX6-GFX9
3976                                                       - vgprs_used 0..256
3977                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
3978                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3979                                                       - vgprs_used 0..512
3980                                                       - vgprs_used = align(arch_vgprs, 4)
3981                                                                      + acc_vgprs
3982                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
3983                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 64)
3984                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
3985                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
3986                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 32)
3987                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
3988                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
3989
3990                                                     Where vgprs_used is defined
3991                                                     as the highest VGPR number
3992                                                     explicitly referenced plus
3993                                                     one.
3994
3995                                                     Used by CP to set up
3996                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.VGPRS``.
3997
3998                                                     The
3999                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4000                                                     calculates this
4001                                                     automatically for the
4002                                                     selected processor from
4003                                                     values provided to the
4004                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4005                                                     by the
4006                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr`
4007                                                     nested directive (see
4008                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4009     9:6     4 bits  GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT Number of scalar register
4010                                                     blocks used by a wavefront;
4011                                                     granularity is device
4012                                                     specific:
4013
4014                                                     GFX6-GFX8
4015                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4016                                                       - max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 8) - 1)
4017                                                     GFX9
4018                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4019                                                       - 2 * max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 16) - 1)
4020                                                     GFX10
4021                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4022                                                       (128 SGPRs always
4023                                                       allocated.)
4024
4025                                                     Where sgprs_used is
4026                                                     defined as the highest
4027                                                     SGPR number explicitly
4028                                                     referenced plus one, plus
4029                                                     a target specific number
4030                                                     of additional special
4031                                                     SGPRs for VCC,
4032                                                     FLAT_SCRATCH (GFX7+) and
4033                                                     XNACK_MASK (GFX8+), and
4034                                                     any additional
4035                                                     target specific
4036                                                     limitations. It does not
4037                                                     include the 16 SGPRs added
4038                                                     if a trap handler is
4039                                                     enabled.
4040
4041                                                     The target specific
4042                                                     limitations and special
4043                                                     SGPR layout are defined in
4044                                                     the hardware
4045                                                     documentation, which can
4046                                                     be found in the
4047                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processors`
4048                                                     table.
4049
4050                                                     Used by CP to set up
4051                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.SGPRS``.
4052
4053                                                     The
4054                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4055                                                     calculates this
4056                                                     automatically for the
4057                                                     selected processor from
4058                                                     values provided to the
4059                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4060                                                     by the
4061                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr`
4062                                                     and `.amdhsa_reserve_*`
4063                                                     nested directives (see
4064                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4065     11:10   2 bits  PRIORITY                        Must be 0.
4066
4067                                                     Start executing wavefront
4068                                                     at the specified priority.
4069
4070                                                     CP is responsible for
4071                                                     filling in
4072                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIORITY``.
4073     13:12   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32             Wavefront starts execution
4074                                                     with specified rounding
4075                                                     mode for single (32
4076                                                     bit) floating point
4077                                                     precision floating point
4078                                                     operations.
4079
4080                                                     Floating point rounding
4081                                                     mode values are defined in
4082                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4083
4084                                                     Used by CP to set up
4085                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4086     15:14   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64          Wavefront starts execution
4087                                                     with specified rounding
4088                                                     denorm mode for half/double (16
4089                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4090                                                     precision floating point
4091                                                     operations.
4092
4093                                                     Floating point rounding
4094                                                     mode values are defined in
4095                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4096
4097                                                     Used by CP to set up
4098                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4099     17:16   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32            Wavefront starts execution
4100                                                     with specified denorm mode
4101                                                     for single (32
4102                                                     bit)  floating point
4103                                                     precision floating point
4104                                                     operations.
4105
4106                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4107                                                     values are defined in
4108                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4109
4110                                                     Used by CP to set up
4111                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4112     19:18   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64         Wavefront starts execution
4113                                                     with specified denorm mode
4114                                                     for half/double (16
4115                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4116                                                     precision floating point
4117                                                     operations.
4118
4119                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4120                                                     values are defined in
4121                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4122
4123                                                     Used by CP to set up
4124                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4125     20      1 bit   PRIV                            Must be 0.
4126
4127                                                     Start executing wavefront
4128                                                     in privilege trap handler
4129                                                     mode.
4130
4131                                                     CP is responsible for
4132                                                     filling in
4133                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIV``.
4134     21      1 bit   ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP               Wavefront starts execution
4135                                                     with DX10 clamp mode
4136                                                     enabled. Used by the vector
4137                                                     ALU to force DX10 style
4138                                                     treatment of NaN's (when
4139                                                     set, clamp NaN to zero,
4140                                                     otherwise pass NaN
4141                                                     through).
4142
4143                                                     Used by CP to set up
4144                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DX10_CLAMP``.
4145     22      1 bit   DEBUG_MODE                      Must be 0.
4146
4147                                                     Start executing wavefront
4148                                                     in single step mode.
4149
4150                                                     CP is responsible for
4151                                                     filling in
4152                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DEBUG_MODE``.
4153     23      1 bit   ENABLE_IEEE_MODE                Wavefront starts execution
4154                                                     with IEEE mode
4155                                                     enabled. Floating point
4156                                                     opcodes that support
4157                                                     exception flag gathering
4158                                                     will quiet and propagate
4159                                                     signaling-NaN inputs per
4160                                                     IEEE 754-2008. Min_dx10 and
4161                                                     max_dx10 become IEEE
4162                                                     754-2008 compliant due to
4163                                                     signaling-NaN propagation
4164                                                     and quieting.
4165
4166                                                     Used by CP to set up
4167                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.IEEE_MODE``.
4168     24      1 bit   BULKY                           Must be 0.
4169
4170                                                     Only one work-group allowed
4171                                                     to execute on a compute
4172                                                     unit.
4173
4174                                                     CP is responsible for
4175                                                     filling in
4176                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.BULKY``.
4177     25      1 bit   CDBG_USER                       Must be 0.
4178
4179                                                     Flag that can be used to
4180                                                     control debugging code.
4181
4182                                                     CP is responsible for
4183                                                     filling in
4184                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.CDBG_USER``.
4185     26      1 bit   FP16_OVFL                       GFX6-GFX8
4186                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4187                                                     GFX9-GFX10
4188                                                       Wavefront starts execution
4189                                                       with specified fp16 overflow
4190                                                       mode.
4191
4192                                                       - If 0, fp16 overflow generates
4193                                                         +/-INF values.
4194                                                       - If 1, fp16 overflow that is the
4195                                                         result of an +/-INF input value
4196                                                         or divide by 0 produces a +/-INF,
4197                                                         otherwise clamps computed
4198                                                         overflow to +/-MAX_FP16 as
4199                                                         appropriate.
4200
4201                                                       Used by CP to set up
4202                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FP16_OVFL``.
4203     28:27   2 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
4204     29      1 bit    WGP_MODE                       GFX6-GFX9
4205                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4206                                                     GFX10
4207                                                       - If 0 execute work-groups in
4208                                                         CU wavefront execution mode.
4209                                                       - If 1 execute work-groups on
4210                                                         in WGP wavefront execution mode.
4211
4212                                                       See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`.
4213
4214                                                       Used by CP to set up
4215                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.WGP_MODE``.
4216     30      1 bit    MEM_ORDERED                    GFX6-GFX9
4217                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4218                                                     GFX10
4219                                                       Controls the behavior of the
4220                                                       s_waitcnt's vmcnt and vscnt
4221                                                       counters.
4222
4223                                                       - If 0 vmcnt reports completion
4224                                                         of load and atomic with return
4225                                                         out of order with sample
4226                                                         instructions, and the vscnt
4227                                                         reports the completion of
4228                                                         store and atomic without
4229                                                         return in order.
4230                                                       - If 1 vmcnt reports completion
4231                                                         of load, atomic with return
4232                                                         and sample instructions in
4233                                                         order, and the vscnt reports
4234                                                         the completion of store and
4235                                                         atomic without return in order.
4236
4237                                                       Used by CP to set up
4238                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.MEM_ORDERED``.
4239     31      1 bit    FWD_PROGRESS                   GFX6-GFX9
4240                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4241                                                     GFX10
4242                                                       - If 0 execute SIMD wavefronts
4243                                                         using oldest first policy.
4244                                                       - If 1 execute SIMD wavefronts to
4245                                                         ensure wavefronts will make some
4246                                                         forward progress.
4247
4248                                                       Used by CP to set up
4249                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FWD_PROGRESS``.
4250     32      **Total size 4 bytes**
4251     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4252
4253..
4254
4255  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc2 for GFX6-GFX10
4256     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table
4257
4258     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4259     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4260     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4261     0       1 bit   ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT          * Enable the setup of the
4262                                                       private segment.
4263                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4264                                                       column of
4265                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4266                                                       does not specify
4267                                                       *Architected flat
4268                                                       scratch* then enable the
4269                                                       setup of the SGPR
4270                                                       wavefront scratch offset
4271                                                       system register (see
4272                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4273                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4274                                                       column of
4275                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4276                                                       specifies *Architected
4277                                                       flat scratch* then enable
4278                                                       the setup of the
4279                                                       FLAT_SCRATCH register
4280                                                       pair (see
4281                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4282
4283                                                     Used by CP to set up
4284                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.SCRATCH_EN``.
4285     5:1     5 bits  USER_SGPR_COUNT                 The total number of SGPR
4286                                                     user data
4287                                                     registers requested. This
4288                                                     number must be greater than
4289                                                     or equal to the number of user
4290                                                     data registers enabled.
4291
4292                                                     Used by CP to set up
4293                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.USER_SGPR``.
4294     6       1 bit   ENABLE_TRAP_HANDLER             Must be 0.
4295
4296                                                     This bit represents
4297                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TRAP_PRESENT``,
4298                                                     which is set by the CP if
4299                                                     the runtime has installed a
4300                                                     trap handler.
4301     7       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X      Enable the setup of the
4302                                                     system SGPR register for
4303                                                     the work-group id in the X
4304                                                     dimension (see
4305                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4306
4307                                                     Used by CP to set up
4308                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_X_EN``.
4309     8       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y      Enable the setup of the
4310                                                     system SGPR register for
4311                                                     the work-group id in the Y
4312                                                     dimension (see
4313                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4314
4315                                                     Used by CP to set up
4316                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Y_EN``.
4317     9       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z      Enable the setup of the
4318                                                     system SGPR register for
4319                                                     the work-group id in the Z
4320                                                     dimension (see
4321                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4322
4323                                                     Used by CP to set up
4324                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Z_EN``.
4325     10      1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO      Enable the setup of the
4326                                                     system SGPR register for
4327                                                     work-group information (see
4328                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4329
4330                                                     Used by CP to set up
4331                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_SIZE_EN``.
4332     12:11   2 bits  ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID         Enable the setup of the
4333                                                     VGPR system registers used
4334                                                     for the work-item ID.
4335                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`
4336                                                     defines the values.
4337
4338                                                     Used by CP to set up
4339                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TIDIG_CMP_CNT``.
4340     13      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_ADDRESS_WATCH  Must be 0.
4341
4342                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4343                                                     with address watch
4344                                                     exceptions enabled which
4345                                                     are generated when L1 has
4346                                                     witnessed a thread access
4347                                                     an *address of
4348                                                     interest*.
4349
4350                                                     CP is responsible for
4351                                                     filling in the address
4352                                                     watch bit in
4353                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4354                                                     according to what the
4355                                                     runtime requests.
4356     14      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_MEMORY         Must be 0.
4357
4358                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4359                                                     with memory violation
4360                                                     exceptions exceptions
4361                                                     enabled which are generated
4362                                                     when a memory violation has
4363                                                     occurred for this wavefront from
4364                                                     L1 or LDS
4365                                                     (write-to-read-only-memory,
4366                                                     mis-aligned atomic, LDS
4367                                                     address out of range,
4368                                                     illegal address, etc.).
4369
4370                                                     CP sets the memory
4371                                                     violation bit in
4372                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4373                                                     according to what the
4374                                                     runtime requests.
4375     23:15   9 bits  GRANULATED_LDS_SIZE             Must be 0.
4376
4377                                                     CP uses the rounded value
4378                                                     from the dispatch packet,
4379                                                     not this value, as the
4380                                                     dispatch may contain
4381                                                     dynamically allocated group
4382                                                     segment memory. CP writes
4383                                                     directly to
4384                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.LDS_SIZE``.
4385
4386                                                     Amount of group segment
4387                                                     (LDS) to allocate for each
4388                                                     work-group. Granularity is
4389                                                     device specific:
4390
4391                                                     GFX6
4392                                                       roundup(lds-size / (64 * 4))
4393                                                     GFX7-GFX10
4394                                                       roundup(lds-size / (128 * 4))
4395
4396     24      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    Wavefront starts execution
4397                     _INVALID_OPERATION              with specified exceptions
4398                                                     enabled.
4399
4400                                                     Used by CP to set up
4401                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN``
4402                                                     (set from bits 0..6).
4403
4404                                                     IEEE 754 FP Invalid
4405                                                     Operation
4406     25      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL    FP Denormal one or more
4407                     _SOURCE                         input operands is a
4408                                                     denormal number
4409     26      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Division by
4410                     _DIVISION_BY_ZERO               Zero
4411     27      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP FP Overflow
4412                     _OVERFLOW
4413     28      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Underflow
4414                     _UNDERFLOW
4415     29      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Inexact
4416                     _INEXACT
4417     30      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY  Integer Division by Zero
4418                     _ZERO                           (rcp_iflag_f32 instruction
4419                                                     only)
4420     31      1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
4421     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4422     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4423
4424..
4425
4426  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX90A, GFX940
4427     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table
4428
4429     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4430     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4431     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4432     5:0     6 bits  ACCUM_OFFSET                    Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file. Granularity 4.
4433                                                     Value 0-63. 0 - accum-offset = 4, 1 - accum-offset = 8, ...,
4434                                                     63 - accum-offset = 256.
4435     6:15    10                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4436             bits
4437     16      1 bit   TG_SPLIT                        - If 0 the waves of a work-group are
4438                                                       launched in the same CU.
4439                                                     - If 1 the waves of a work-group can be
4440                                                       launched in different CUs. The waves
4441                                                       cannot use S_BARRIER or LDS.
4442     17:31   15                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4443             bits
4444     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4445     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4446
4447..
4448
4449  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX10
4450     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table
4451
4452     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4453     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4454     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4455     3:0     4 bits  SHARED_VGPR_COUNT               Number of shared VGPR blocks when executing in subvector mode. For
4456                                                     wavefront size 64 the value is 0-15, representing 0-120 VGPRs (granularity
4457                                                     of 8), such that (compute_pgm_rsrc1.vgprs +1)*4 + shared_vgpr_count*8 does
4458                                                     not exceed 256. For wavefront size 32 shared_vgpr_count must be 0.
4459     31:4    28                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4460             bits
4461     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4462     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4463
4464..
4465
4466  .. table:: Floating Point Rounding Mode Enumeration Values
4467     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table
4468
4469     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4470     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4471     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4472     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_NEAR_EVEN             0     Round Ties To Even
4473     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_PLUS_INFINITY         1     Round Toward +infinity
4474     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_MINUS_INFINITY        2     Round Toward -infinity
4475     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_ZERO                  3     Round Toward 0
4476     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4477
4478..
4479
4480  .. table:: Floating Point Denorm Mode Enumeration Values
4481     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table
4482
4483     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4484     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4485     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4486     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC_DST        0     Flush Source and Destination
4487                                                  Denorms
4488     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_DST            1     Flush Output Denorms
4489     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC            2     Flush Source Denorms
4490     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_NONE           3     No Flush
4491     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4492
4493..
4494
4495  .. table:: System VGPR Work-Item ID Enumeration Values
4496     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table
4497
4498     ======================================== ===== ============================
4499     Enumeration Name                         Value Description
4500     ======================================== ===== ============================
4501     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X                0     Set work-item X dimension
4502                                                    ID.
4503     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y              1     Set work-item X and Y
4504                                                    dimensions ID.
4505     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y_Z            2     Set work-item X, Y and Z
4506                                                    dimensions ID.
4507     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_UNDEFINED        3     Undefined.
4508     ======================================== ===== ============================
4509
4510.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state:
4511
4512Initial Kernel Execution State
4513~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4514
4515This section defines the register state that will be set up by the packet
4516processor prior to the start of execution of every wavefront. This is limited by
4517the constraints of the hardware controllers of CP/ADC/SPI.
4518
4519The order of the SGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4520ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit
4521fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4522for enabled registers are dense starting at SGPR0: the first enabled register is
4523SGPR0, the next enabled register is SGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have
4524an SGPR number.
4525
4526The initial SGPRs comprise up to 16 User SRGPs that are set by CP and apply to
4527all wavefronts of the grid. It is possible to specify more than 16 User SGPRs
4528using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit fields, in which case only the first 16 are
4529actually initialized. These are then immediately followed by the System SGPRs
4530that are set up by ADC/SPI and can have different values for each wavefront of
4531the grid dispatch.
4532
4533SGPR register initial state is defined in
4534:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
4535
4536  .. table:: SGPR Register Set Up Order
4537     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table
4538
4539     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4540     SGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4541                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4542                field)                     SGPRs
4543     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4544     First      Private Segment Buffer     4      See
4545                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4546                _segment_buffer)
4547     then       Dispatch Ptr               2      64-bit address of AQL dispatch
4548                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_ptr)        packet for kernel dispatch
4549                                                  actually executing.
4550     then       Queue Ptr                  2      64-bit address of amd_queue_t
4551                (enable_sgpr_queue_ptr)           object for AQL queue on which
4552                                                  the dispatch packet was
4553                                                  queued.
4554     then       Kernarg Segment Ptr        2      64-bit address of Kernarg
4555                (enable_sgpr_kernarg              segment. This is directly
4556                _segment_ptr)                     copied from the
4557                                                  kernarg_address in the kernel
4558                                                  dispatch packet.
4559
4560                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4561                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4562                                                  every wavefront.
4563     then       Dispatch Id                2      64-bit Dispatch ID of the
4564                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_id)         dispatch packet being
4565                                                  executed.
4566     then       Flat Scratch Init          2      See
4567                (enable_sgpr_flat_scratch         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4568                _init)
4569     then       Private Segment Size       1      The 32-bit byte size of a
4570                (enable_sgpr_private              single work-item's memory
4571                _segment_size)                    allocation. This is the
4572                                                  value from the kernel
4573                                                  dispatch packet Private
4574                                                  Segment Byte Size rounded up
4575                                                  by CP to a multiple of
4576                                                  DWORD.
4577
4578                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4579                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4580                                                  every wavefront.
4581
4582                                                  This is not used for
4583                                                  GFX7-GFX8 since it is the same
4584                                                  value as the second SGPR of
4585                                                  Flat Scratch Init. However, it
4586                                                  may be needed for GFX9-GFX10 which
4587                                                  changes the meaning of the
4588                                                  Flat Scratch Init value.
4589     then       Work-Group Id X            1      32-bit work-group id in X
4590                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4591                _X)                               wavefront.
4592     then       Work-Group Id Y            1      32-bit work-group id in Y
4593                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4594                _Y)                               wavefront.
4595     then       Work-Group Id Z            1      32-bit work-group id in Z
4596                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4597                _Z)                               wavefront.
4598     then       Work-Group Info            1      {first_wavefront, 14'b0000,
4599                (enable_sgpr_workgroup            ordered_append_term[10:0],
4600                _info)                            threadgroup_size_in_wavefronts[5:0]}
4601     then       Scratch Wavefront Offset   1      See
4602                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4603                _segment_wavefront_offset)        and
4604                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4605     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4606
4607The order of the VGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4608ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_vgpr*`` bit
4609fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4610for enabled registers are dense starting at VGPR0: the first enabled register is
4611VGPR0, the next enabled register is VGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have a
4612VGPR number.
4613
4614There are different methods used for the VGPR initial state:
4615
4616* Unless the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4617  specifies otherwise, a separate VGPR register is used per work-item ID. The
4618  VGPR register initial state for this method is defined in
4619  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table`.
4620* If *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4621  specifies *Packed work-item IDs*, the initial value of VGPR0 register is used
4622  for all work-item IDs. The register layout for this method is defined in
4623  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table`.
4624
4625  .. table:: VGPR Register Set Up Order for Unpacked Work-Item ID Method
4626     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table
4627
4628     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4629     VGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4630                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4631                field)                     VGPRs
4632     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4633     First      Work-Item Id X             1      32-bit work-item id in X
4634                (Always initialized)              dimension of work-group for
4635                                                  wavefront lane.
4636     then       Work-Item Id Y             1      32-bit work-item id in Y
4637                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4638                > 0)                              wavefront lane.
4639     then       Work-Item Id Z             1      32-bit work-item id in Z
4640                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4641                > 1)                              wavefront lane.
4642     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4643
4644..
4645
4646  .. table:: Register Layout for Packed Work-Item ID Method
4647     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table
4648
4649     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4650     Bits    Size    Field Name       Description
4651     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4652     0:9     10 bits Work-Item Id X   Work-item id in X
4653                                      dimension of work-group for
4654                                      wavefront lane.
4655
4656                                      Always initialized.
4657
4658     10:19   10 bits Work-Item Id Y   Work-item id in Y
4659                                      dimension of work-group for
4660                                      wavefront lane.
4661
4662                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4663                                      0, otherwise set to 0.
4664     20:29   10 bits Work-Item Id Z   Work-item id in Z
4665                                      dimension of work-group for
4666                                      wavefront lane.
4667
4668                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4669                                      1, otherwise set to 0.
4670     30:31   2 bits                   Reserved, set to 0.
4671     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4672
4673The setting of registers is done by GPU CP/ADC/SPI hardware as follows:
4674
46751. SGPRs before the Work-Group Ids are set by CP using the 16 User Data
4676   registers.
46772. Work-group Id registers X, Y, Z are set by ADC which supports any
4678   combination including none.
46793. Scratch Wavefront Offset is set by SPI in a per wavefront basis which is why
4680   its value cannot be included with the flat scratch init value which is per
4681   queue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`).
46824. The VGPRs are set by SPI which only supports specifying either (X), (X, Y)
4683   or (X, Y, Z).
46845. Flat Scratch register pair initialization is described in
4685   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4686
4687The global segment can be accessed either using buffer instructions (GFX6 which
4688has V# 64-bit address support), flat instructions (GFX7-GFX10), or global
4689instructions (GFX9-GFX10).
4690
4691If buffer operations are used, then the compiler can generate a V# with the
4692following properties:
4693
4694* base address of 0
4695* no swizzle
4696* ATC: 1 if IOMMU present (such as APU)
4697* ptr64: 1
4698* MTYPE set to support memory coherence that matches the runtime (such as CC for
4699  APU and NC for dGPU).
4700
4701.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog:
4702
4703Kernel Prolog
4704~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4705
4706The compiler performs initialization in the kernel prologue depending on the
4707target and information about things like stack usage in the kernel and called
4708functions. Some of this initialization requires the compiler to request certain
4709User and System SGPRs be present in the
4710:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` via the
4711:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
4712
4713.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-cfi:
4714
4715CFI
4716+++
4717
47181.  The CFI return address is undefined.
4719
47202.  The CFI CFA is defined using an expression which evaluates to a location
4721    description that comprises one memory location description for the
4722    ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space address ``0``.
4723
4724.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0:
4725
4726M0
4727++
4728
4729GFX6-GFX8
4730  The M0 register must be initialized with a value at least the total LDS size
4731  if the kernel may access LDS via DS or flat operations. Total LDS size is
4732  available in dispatch packet. For M0, it is also possible to use maximum
4733  possible value of LDS for given target (0x7FFF for GFX6 and 0xFFFF for
4734  GFX7-GFX8).
4735GFX9-GFX10
4736  The M0 register is not used for range checking LDS accesses and so does not
4737  need to be initialized in the prolog.
4738
4739.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-stack-pointer:
4740
4741Stack Pointer
4742+++++++++++++
4743
4744If the kernel has function calls it must set up the ABI stack pointer described
4745in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions` by setting
4746SGPR32 to the unswizzled scratch offset of the address past the last local
4747allocation.
4748
4749.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-frame-pointer:
4750
4751Frame Pointer
4752+++++++++++++
4753
4754If the kernel needs a frame pointer for the reasons defined in
4755``SIFrameLowering`` then SGPR33 is used and is always set to ``0`` in the
4756kernel prolog. If a frame pointer is not required then all uses of the frame
4757pointer are replaced with immediate ``0`` offsets.
4758
4759.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch:
4760
4761Flat Scratch
4762++++++++++++
4763
4764There are different methods used for initializing flat scratch:
4765
4766* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4767  specifies *Does not support generic address space*:
4768
4769  Flat scratch is not supported and there is no flat scratch register pair.
4770
4771* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4772  specifies *Offset flat scratch*:
4773
4774  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4775  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4776  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI). Initialization uses Flat Scratch Init and
4777  Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4778  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4779
4780  1. The low word of Flat Scratch Init is the 32-bit byte offset from
4781     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to the base of scratch backing memory
4782     being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch. This is
4783     the same value used in the Scratch Segment Buffer V# base address.
4784
4785     CP obtains this from the runtime. (The Scratch Segment Buffer base address
4786     is ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` plus this offset.)
4787
4788     The prolog must add the value of Scratch Wavefront Offset to get the
4789     wavefront's byte scratch backing memory offset from
4790     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID``.
4791
4792     The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4793     segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer.
4794
4795     Since FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is in units of 256 bytes, the offset must be right
4796     shifted by 8 before moving into FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.
4797
4798     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI corresponds to SGPRn-4 on GFX7, and SGPRn-6 on GFX8 (where
4799     SGPRn is the highest numbered SGPR allocated to the wavefront).
4800     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI is multiplied by 256 (as it is in units of 256 bytes) and
4801     added to ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to calculate the per wavefront
4802     FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat memory instructions that access the scratch
4803     aperture.
4804  2. The second word of Flat Scratch Init is 32-bit byte size of a single
4805     work-items scratch memory usage.
4806
4807     CP obtains this from the runtime, and it is always a multiple of DWORD. CP
4808     checks that the value in the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte
4809     Size is not larger and requests the runtime to increase the queue's scratch
4810     size if necessary.
4811
4812     CP directly loads from the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte Size
4813     field and rounds up to a multiple of DWORD. Having CP load it once avoids
4814     loading it at the beginning of every wavefront.
4815
4816     The kernel prolog code must move it to FLAT_SCRATCH_LO which is SGPRn-3 on
4817     GFX7 and SGPRn-5 on GFX8. FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is used as the FLAT SCRATCH SIZE
4818     in flat memory instructions.
4819
4820* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4821  specifies *Absolute flat scratch*:
4822
4823  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4824  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4825  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI which are in SGPRn-4/SGPRn-3). Initialization
4826  uses Flat Scratch Init and Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4827  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4828
4829  The Flat Scratch Init is the 64-bit address of the base of scratch backing
4830  memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch.
4831
4832  CP obtains this from the runtime.
4833
4834  The kernel prolog must add the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset
4835  and move the result as a 64-bit value to the FLAT_SCRATCH SGPR register pair
4836  which is SGPRn-6 and SGPRn-5. It is used as the FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat
4837  memory instructions.
4838
4839  The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4840  segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer (see
4841  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`).
4842
4843* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4844  specifies *Architected flat scratch*:
4845
4846  If ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT is enabled in
4847  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table` then the FLAT_SCRATCH
4848  register pair will be initialized to the 64-bit address of the base of scratch
4849  backing memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel
4850  dispatch plus the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset for use as the
4851  flat scratch base in flat memory instructions.
4852
4853.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer:
4854
4855Private Segment Buffer
4856++++++++++++++++++++++
4857
4858If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies
4859*Architected flat scratch* then a Private Segment Buffer is not supported.
4860Instead the flat SCRATCH instructions are used.
4861
4862Otherwise, Private Segment Buffer SGPR register is used to initialize 4 SGPRs
4863that are used as a V# to access scratch. CP uses the value provided by the
4864runtime. It is used, together with Scratch Wavefront Offset as an offset, to
4865access the private memory space using a segment address. See
4866:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
4867
4868The scratch V# is a four-aligned SGPR and always selected for the kernel as
4869follows:
4870
4871  - If it is known during instruction selection that there is stack usage,
4872    SGPR0-3 is reserved for use as the scratch V#.  Stack usage is assumed if
4873    optimizations are disabled (``-O0``), if stack objects already exist (for
4874    locals, etc.), or if there are any function calls.
4875
4876  - Otherwise, four high numbered SGPRs beginning at a four-aligned SGPR index
4877    are reserved for the tentative scratch V#. These will be used if it is
4878    determined that spilling is needed.
4879
4880    - If no use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then it is unreserved,
4881      and the register count is determined ignoring it.
4882    - If use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then its register numbers
4883      are shifted to the first four-aligned SGPR index after the highest one
4884      allocated by the register allocator, and all uses are updated. The
4885      register count includes them in the shifted location.
4886    - In either case, if the processor has the SGPR allocation bug, the
4887      tentative allocation is not shifted or unreserved in order to ensure
4888      the register count is higher to workaround the bug.
4889
4890    .. note::
4891
4892      This approach of using a tentative scratch V# and shifting the register
4893      numbers if used avoids having to perform register allocation a second
4894      time if the tentative V# is eliminated. This is more efficient and
4895      avoids the problem that the second register allocation may perform
4896      spilling which will fail as there is no longer a scratch V#.
4897
4898When the kernel prolog code is being emitted it is known whether the scratch V#
4899described above is actually used. If it is, the prolog code must set it up by
4900copying the Private Segment Buffer to the scratch V# registers and then adding
4901the Private Segment Wavefront Offset to the queue base address in the V#. The
4902result is a V# with a base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront
4903scratch backing memory.
4904
4905The Private Segment Buffer is always requested, but the Private Segment
4906Wavefront Offset is only requested if it is used (see
4907:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4908
4909.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model:
4910
4911Memory Model
4912~~~~~~~~~~~~
4913
4914This section describes the mapping of the LLVM memory model onto AMDGPU machine
4915code (see :ref:`memmodel`).
4916
4917The AMDGPU backend supports the memory synchronization scopes specified in
4918:ref:`amdgpu-memory-scopes`.
4919
4920The code sequences used to implement the memory model specify the order of
4921instructions that a single thread must execute. The ``s_waitcnt`` and cache
4922management instructions such as ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` are defined with respect
4923to other memory instructions executed by the same thread. This allows them to be
4924moved earlier or later which can allow them to be combined with other instances
4925of the same instruction, or hoisted/sunk out of loops to improve performance.
4926Only the instructions related to the memory model are given; additional
4927``s_waitcnt`` instructions are required to ensure registers are defined before
4928being used. These may be able to be combined with the memory model ``s_waitcnt``
4929instructions as described above.
4930
4931The AMDGPU backend supports the following memory models:
4932
4933  HSA Memory Model [HSA]_
4934    The HSA memory model uses a single happens-before relation for all address
4935    spaces (see :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`).
4936  OpenCL Memory Model [OpenCL]_
4937    The OpenCL memory model which has separate happens-before relations for the
4938    global and local address spaces. Only a fence specifying both global and
4939    local address space, and seq_cst instructions join the relationships. Since
4940    the LLVM ``memfence`` instruction does not allow an address space to be
4941    specified the OpenCL fence has to conservatively assume both local and
4942    global address space was specified. However, optimizations can often be
4943    done to eliminate the additional ``s_waitcnt`` instructions when there are
4944    no intervening memory instructions which access the corresponding address
4945    space. The code sequences in the table indicate what can be omitted for the
4946    OpenCL memory. The target triple environment is used to determine if the
4947    source language is OpenCL (see :ref:`amdgpu-opencl`).
4948
4949``ds/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to local memory are termed LDS
4950operations.
4951
4952``buffer/global/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to global memory are
4953termed vector memory operations.
4954
4955Private address space uses ``buffer_load/store`` using the scratch V#
4956(GFX6-GFX8), or ``scratch_load/store`` (GFX9-GFX10). Since only a single thread
4957is accessing the memory, atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all
4958accesses are treated as non-atomic.
4959
4960Constant address space uses ``buffer/global_load`` instructions (or equivalent
4961scalar memory instructions). Since the constant address space contents do not
4962change during the execution of a kernel dispatch it is not legal to perform
4963stores, and atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all accesses are
4964treated as non-atomic.
4965
4966A memory synchronization scope wider than work-group is not meaningful for the
4967group (LDS) address space and is treated as work-group.
4968
4969The memory model does not support the region address space which is treated as
4970non-atomic.
4971
4972Acquire memory ordering is not meaningful on store atomic instructions and is
4973treated as non-atomic.
4974
4975Release memory ordering is not meaningful on load atomic instructions and is
4976treated a non-atomic.
4977
4978Acquire-release memory ordering is not meaningful on load or store atomic
4979instructions and is treated as acquire and release respectively.
4980
4981The memory order also adds the single thread optimization constraints defined in
4982table
4983:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table`.
4984
4985  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Single Thread Optimization Constraints
4986     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table
4987
4988     ============ ==============================================================
4989     LLVM Memory  Optimization Constraints
4990     Ordering
4991     ============ ==============================================================
4992     unordered    *none*
4993     monotonic    *none*
4994     acquire      - If a load atomic/atomicrmw then no following load/load
4995                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
4996                    moved before the acquire.
4997                  - If a fence then same as load atomic, plus no preceding
4998                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved after the fence.
4999     release      - If a store atomic/atomicrmw then no preceding load/load
5000                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
5001                    moved after the release.
5002                  - If a fence then same as store atomic, plus no following
5003                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved before the
5004                    fence.
5005     acq_rel      Same constraints as both acquire and release.
5006     seq_cst      - If a load atomic then same constraints as acquire, plus no
5007                    preceding sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5008                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved after the
5009                    seq_cst.
5010                  - If a store atomic then the same constraints as release, plus
5011                    no following sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5012                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved before the
5013                    seq_cst.
5014                  - If an atomicrmw/fence then same constraints as acq_rel.
5015     ============ ==============================================================
5016
5017The code sequences used to implement the memory model are defined in the
5018following sections:
5019
5020* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9`
5021* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a`
5022* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940`
5023* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10`
5024
5025.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9:
5026
5027Memory Model GFX6-GFX9
5028++++++++++++++++++++++
5029
5030For GFX6-GFX9:
5031
5032* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
5033* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
5034* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
5035* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
5036  executed by different SIMDs.
5037* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
5038  executing on it.
5039* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
5040  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
5041  execution order.
5042* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
5043  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
5044  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
5045  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
5046  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
5047  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
5048  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
5049  operations performed by the same wavefront.
5050* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
5051  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
5052  that for GFX7-GFX9 ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of
5053  vector memory order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order
5054  if they access global memory.
5055* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
5056  SIMDs a CU. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between the
5057  lanes of a single wavefront, or for coherence between wavefronts in the same
5058  work-group. A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between
5059  wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on
5060  different CUs.
5061* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
5062  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
5063  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
5064  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5065* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
5066  the same agent.
5067* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
5068  addresses.
5069* Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
5070  scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
5071  work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs) of an agent can be
5072  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to
5073  ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
5074  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
5075  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
5076  requirements of acquire and release.
5077* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
5078  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
5079
5080Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
5081change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
5082address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
5083Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
5084ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
5085invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
5086may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
5087:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5088
5089The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
5090case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
5091accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
5092then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
5093return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
5094future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
5095creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
5096``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
5097
5098For kernarg backing memory:
5099
5100* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
5101* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host memory accessed as
5102  MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2 cache. This also
5103  causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not invalidated by
5104  ``*_vol``.
5105* On APU the kernarg backing memory it is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent)
5106  and so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
5107
5108Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
5109with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
5110only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
5111never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
5112invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
5113
5114The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX6-GFX9 are defined
5115in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table`.
5116
5117  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX6-GFX9
5118     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table
5119
5120     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5121     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
5122                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX6-GFX9
5123                                              Space
5124     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5125     **Non-Atomic**
5126     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5127     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5128                                              - generic
5129                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
5130                                              - constant
5131                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5132
5133                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5134                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5135
5136                                                         - volatile
5137
5138                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5139                                                              glc=1
5140                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5141
5142                                                            - Must happen before
5143                                                              any following volatile
5144                                                              global/generic
5145                                                              load/store.
5146                                                            - Ensures that
5147                                                              volatile
5148                                                              operations to
5149                                                              different
5150                                                              addresses will not
5151                                                              be reordered by
5152                                                              hardware.
5153
5154     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
5155     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5156                                              - generic
5157                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
5158                                              - constant
5159                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5160
5161                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5162                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5163
5164                                                         - volatile
5165
5166                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5167                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5168
5169                                                            - Must happen before
5170                                                              any following volatile
5171                                                              global/generic
5172                                                              load/store.
5173                                                            - Ensures that
5174                                                              volatile
5175                                                              operations to
5176                                                              different
5177                                                              addresses will not
5178                                                              be reordered by
5179                                                              hardware.
5180
5181     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
5182     **Unordered Atomic**
5183     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5184     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5185     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5186     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
5187     **Monotonic Atomic**
5188     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5189     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5190                               - wavefront    - local
5191                               - workgroup    - generic
5192     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
5193                               - system       - generic     glc=1
5194     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
5195                               - wavefront    - generic
5196                               - workgroup
5197                               - agent
5198                               - system
5199     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
5200                               - wavefront
5201                               - workgroup
5202     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5203                               - wavefront    - generic
5204                               - workgroup
5205                               - agent
5206                               - system
5207     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
5208                               - wavefront
5209                               - workgroup
5210     **Acquire Atomic**
5211     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5212     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5213                               - wavefront    - local
5214                                              - generic
5215     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load
5216     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_load
5217                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5218
5219                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5220                                                           - Must happen before
5221                                                             any following
5222                                                             global/generic
5223                                                             load/load
5224                                                             atomic/store/store
5225                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5226                                                           - Ensures any
5227                                                             following global
5228                                                             data read is no
5229                                                             older than a local load
5230                                                             atomic value being
5231                                                             acquired.
5232
5233     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
5234                               - system                     glc=1
5235                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5236
5237                                                           - Must happen before
5238                                                             following
5239                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5240                                                           - Ensures the load
5241                                                             has completed
5242                                                             before invalidating
5243                                                             the cache.
5244
5245                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5246
5247                                                           - Must happen before
5248                                                             any following
5249                                                             global/generic
5250                                                             load/load
5251                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5252                                                           - Ensures that
5253                                                             following
5254                                                             loads will not see
5255                                                             stale global data.
5256
5257     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
5258                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5259                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5260
5261                                                           - If OpenCL omit
5262                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5263                                                           - Must happen before
5264                                                             following
5265                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5266                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
5267                                                             has completed
5268                                                             before invalidating
5269                                                             the cache.
5270
5271                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5272
5273                                                           - Must happen before
5274                                                             any following
5275                                                             global/generic
5276                                                             load/load
5277                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5278                                                           - Ensures that
5279                                                             following loads
5280                                                             will not see stale
5281                                                             global data.
5282
5283     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5284                               - wavefront    - local
5285                                              - generic
5286     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5287     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_atomic
5288                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5289
5290                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5291                                                           - Must happen before
5292                                                             any following
5293                                                             global/generic
5294                                                             load/load
5295                                                             atomic/store/store
5296                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5297                                                           - Ensures any
5298                                                             following global
5299                                                             data read is no
5300                                                             older than a local
5301                                                             atomicrmw value
5302                                                             being acquired.
5303
5304     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5305                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5306
5307                                                           - Must happen before
5308                                                             following
5309                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5310                                                           - Ensures the
5311                                                             atomicrmw has
5312                                                             completed before
5313                                                             invalidating the
5314                                                             cache.
5315
5316                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5317
5318                                                           - Must happen before
5319                                                             any following
5320                                                             global/generic
5321                                                             load/load
5322                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5323                                                           - Ensures that
5324                                                             following loads
5325                                                             will not see stale
5326                                                             global data.
5327
5328     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
5329                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5330                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5331
5332                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5333                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5334                                                           - Must happen before
5335                                                             following
5336                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5337                                                           - Ensures the
5338                                                             atomicrmw has
5339                                                             completed before
5340                                                             invalidating the
5341                                                             cache.
5342
5343                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5344
5345                                                           - Must happen before
5346                                                             any following
5347                                                             global/generic
5348                                                             load/load
5349                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5350                                                           - Ensures that
5351                                                             following loads
5352                                                             will not see stale
5353                                                             global data.
5354
5355     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5356                               - wavefront
5357     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5358
5359                                                           - If OpenCL and
5360                                                             address space is
5361                                                             not generic, omit.
5362                                                           - However, since LLVM
5363                                                             currently has no
5364                                                             address space on
5365                                                             the fence need to
5366                                                             conservatively
5367                                                             always generate. If
5368                                                             fence had an
5369                                                             address space then
5370                                                             set to address
5371                                                             space of OpenCL
5372                                                             fence flag, or to
5373                                                             generic if both
5374                                                             local and global
5375                                                             flags are
5376                                                             specified.
5377                                                           - Must happen after
5378                                                             any preceding
5379                                                             local/generic load
5380                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5381                                                             with an equal or
5382                                                             wider sync scope
5383                                                             and memory ordering
5384                                                             stronger than
5385                                                             unordered (this is
5386                                                             termed the
5387                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5388                                                           - Must happen before
5389                                                             any following
5390                                                             global/generic
5391                                                             load/load
5392                                                             atomic/store/store
5393                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5394                                                           - Ensures any
5395                                                             following global
5396                                                             data read is no
5397                                                             older than the
5398                                                             value read by the
5399                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5400
5401     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5402                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5403
5404                                                           - If OpenCL and
5405                                                             address space is
5406                                                             not generic, omit
5407                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5408                                                           - However, since LLVM
5409                                                             currently has no
5410                                                             address space on
5411                                                             the fence need to
5412                                                             conservatively
5413                                                             always generate
5414                                                             (see comment for
5415                                                             previous fence).
5416                                                           - Could be split into
5417                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5418                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5419                                                             s_waitcnt
5420                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5421                                                             them to be
5422                                                             independently moved
5423                                                             according to the
5424                                                             following rules.
5425                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5426                                                             must happen after
5427                                                             any preceding
5428                                                             global/generic load
5429                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5430                                                             with an equal or
5431                                                             wider sync scope
5432                                                             and memory ordering
5433                                                             stronger than
5434                                                             unordered (this is
5435                                                             termed the
5436                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5437                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5438                                                             must happen after
5439                                                             any preceding
5440                                                             local/generic load
5441                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5442                                                             with an equal or
5443                                                             wider sync scope
5444                                                             and memory ordering
5445                                                             stronger than
5446                                                             unordered (this is
5447                                                             termed the
5448                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5449                                                           - Must happen before
5450                                                             the following
5451                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5452                                                           - Ensures that the
5453                                                             fence-paired atomic
5454                                                             has completed
5455                                                             before invalidating
5456                                                             the
5457                                                             cache. Therefore
5458                                                             any following
5459                                                             locations read must
5460                                                             be no older than
5461                                                             the value read by
5462                                                             the
5463                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5464
5465                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5466
5467                                                           - Must happen before any
5468                                                             following global/generic
5469                                                             load/load
5470                                                             atomic/store/store
5471                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5472                                                           - Ensures that
5473                                                             following loads
5474                                                             will not see stale
5475                                                             global data.
5476
5477     **Release Atomic**
5478     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5479     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
5480                               - wavefront    - local
5481                                              - generic
5482     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5483                                              - generic
5484                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5485                                                           - Must happen after
5486                                                             any preceding
5487                                                             local/generic
5488                                                             load/store/load
5489                                                             atomic/store
5490                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5491                                                           - Must happen before
5492                                                             the following
5493                                                             store.
5494                                                           - Ensures that all
5495                                                             memory operations
5496                                                             to local have
5497                                                             completed before
5498                                                             performing the
5499                                                             store that is being
5500                                                             released.
5501
5502                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5503     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_store
5504     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5505                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5506
5507                                                           - If OpenCL and
5508                                                             address space is
5509                                                             not generic, omit
5510                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5511                                                           - Could be split into
5512                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5513                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5514                                                             s_waitcnt
5515                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5516                                                             them to be
5517                                                             independently moved
5518                                                             according to the
5519                                                             following rules.
5520                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5521                                                             must happen after
5522                                                             any preceding
5523                                                             global/generic
5524                                                             load/store/load
5525                                                             atomic/store
5526                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5527                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5528                                                             must happen after
5529                                                             any preceding
5530                                                             local/generic
5531                                                             load/store/load
5532                                                             atomic/store
5533                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5534                                                           - Must happen before
5535                                                             the following
5536                                                             store.
5537                                                           - Ensures that all
5538                                                             memory operations
5539                                                             to memory have
5540                                                             completed before
5541                                                             performing the
5542                                                             store that is being
5543                                                             released.
5544
5545                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5546     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5547                               - wavefront    - local
5548                                              - generic
5549     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5550                                              - generic
5551                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5552                                                           - Must happen after
5553                                                             any preceding
5554                                                             local/generic
5555                                                             load/store/load
5556                                                             atomic/store
5557                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5558                                                           - Must happen before
5559                                                             the following
5560                                                             atomicrmw.
5561                                                           - Ensures that all
5562                                                             memory operations
5563                                                             to local have
5564                                                             completed before
5565                                                             performing the
5566                                                             atomicrmw that is
5567                                                             being released.
5568
5569                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5570     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5571     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5572                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5573
5574                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5575                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5576                                                           - Could be split into
5577                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5578                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5579                                                             s_waitcnt
5580                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5581                                                             them to be
5582                                                             independently moved
5583                                                             according to the
5584                                                             following rules.
5585                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5586                                                             must happen after
5587                                                             any preceding
5588                                                             global/generic
5589                                                             load/store/load
5590                                                             atomic/store
5591                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5592                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5593                                                             must happen after
5594                                                             any preceding
5595                                                             local/generic
5596                                                             load/store/load
5597                                                             atomic/store
5598                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5599                                                           - Must happen before
5600                                                             the following
5601                                                             atomicrmw.
5602                                                           - Ensures that all
5603                                                             memory operations
5604                                                             to global and local
5605                                                             have completed
5606                                                             before performing
5607                                                             the atomicrmw that
5608                                                             is being released.
5609
5610                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5611     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5612                               - wavefront
5613     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5614
5615                                                           - If OpenCL and
5616                                                             address space is
5617                                                             not generic, omit.
5618                                                           - However, since LLVM
5619                                                             currently has no
5620                                                             address space on
5621                                                             the fence need to
5622                                                             conservatively
5623                                                             always generate. If
5624                                                             fence had an
5625                                                             address space then
5626                                                             set to address
5627                                                             space of OpenCL
5628                                                             fence flag, or to
5629                                                             generic if both
5630                                                             local and global
5631                                                             flags are
5632                                                             specified.
5633                                                           - Must happen after
5634                                                             any preceding
5635                                                             local/generic
5636                                                             load/load
5637                                                             atomic/store/store
5638                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5639                                                           - Must happen before
5640                                                             any following store
5641                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5642                                                             with an equal or
5643                                                             wider sync scope
5644                                                             and memory ordering
5645                                                             stronger than
5646                                                             unordered (this is
5647                                                             termed the
5648                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5649                                                           - Ensures that all
5650                                                             memory operations
5651                                                             to local have
5652                                                             completed before
5653                                                             performing the
5654                                                             following
5655                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5656
5657     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5658                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5659
5660                                                           - If OpenCL and
5661                                                             address space is
5662                                                             not generic, omit
5663                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5664                                                           - If OpenCL and
5665                                                             address space is
5666                                                             local, omit
5667                                                             vmcnt(0).
5668                                                           - However, since LLVM
5669                                                             currently has no
5670                                                             address space on
5671                                                             the fence need to
5672                                                             conservatively
5673                                                             always generate. If
5674                                                             fence had an
5675                                                             address space then
5676                                                             set to address
5677                                                             space of OpenCL
5678                                                             fence flag, or to
5679                                                             generic if both
5680                                                             local and global
5681                                                             flags are
5682                                                             specified.
5683                                                           - Could be split into
5684                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5685                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5686                                                             s_waitcnt
5687                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5688                                                             them to be
5689                                                             independently moved
5690                                                             according to the
5691                                                             following rules.
5692                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5693                                                             must happen after
5694                                                             any preceding
5695                                                             global/generic
5696                                                             load/store/load
5697                                                             atomic/store
5698                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5699                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5700                                                             must happen after
5701                                                             any preceding
5702                                                             local/generic
5703                                                             load/store/load
5704                                                             atomic/store
5705                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5706                                                           - Must happen before
5707                                                             any following store
5708                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5709                                                             with an equal or
5710                                                             wider sync scope
5711                                                             and memory ordering
5712                                                             stronger than
5713                                                             unordered (this is
5714                                                             termed the
5715                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5716                                                           - Ensures that all
5717                                                             memory operations
5718                                                             have
5719                                                             completed before
5720                                                             performing the
5721                                                             following
5722                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5723
5724     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
5725     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5726     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5727                               - wavefront    - local
5728                                              - generic
5729     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5730
5731                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5732                                                           - Must happen after
5733                                                             any preceding
5734                                                             local/generic
5735                                                             load/store/load
5736                                                             atomic/store
5737                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5738                                                           - Must happen before
5739                                                             the following
5740                                                             atomicrmw.
5741                                                           - Ensures that all
5742                                                             memory operations
5743                                                             to local have
5744                                                             completed before
5745                                                             performing the
5746                                                             atomicrmw that is
5747                                                             being released.
5748
5749                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5750
5751     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5752                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5753
5754                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5755                                                           - Must happen before
5756                                                             any following
5757                                                             global/generic
5758                                                             load/load
5759                                                             atomic/store/store
5760                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5761                                                           - Ensures any
5762                                                             following global
5763                                                             data read is no
5764                                                             older than the local load
5765                                                             atomic value being
5766                                                             acquired.
5767
5768     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5769
5770                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5771                                                           - Must happen after
5772                                                             any preceding
5773                                                             local/generic
5774                                                             load/store/load
5775                                                             atomic/store
5776                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5777                                                           - Must happen before
5778                                                             the following
5779                                                             atomicrmw.
5780                                                           - Ensures that all
5781                                                             memory operations
5782                                                             to local have
5783                                                             completed before
5784                                                             performing the
5785                                                             atomicrmw that is
5786                                                             being released.
5787
5788                                                         2. flat_atomic
5789                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5790
5791                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5792                                                           - Must happen before
5793                                                             any following
5794                                                             global/generic
5795                                                             load/load
5796                                                             atomic/store/store
5797                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5798                                                           - Ensures any
5799                                                             following global
5800                                                             data read is no
5801                                                             older than a local load
5802                                                             atomic value being
5803                                                             acquired.
5804
5805     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5806                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5807
5808                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5809                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5810                                                           - Could be split into
5811                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5812                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5813                                                             s_waitcnt
5814                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5815                                                             them to be
5816                                                             independently moved
5817                                                             according to the
5818                                                             following rules.
5819                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5820                                                             must happen after
5821                                                             any preceding
5822                                                             global/generic
5823                                                             load/store/load
5824                                                             atomic/store
5825                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5826                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5827                                                             must happen after
5828                                                             any preceding
5829                                                             local/generic
5830                                                             load/store/load
5831                                                             atomic/store
5832                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5833                                                           - Must happen before
5834                                                             the following
5835                                                             atomicrmw.
5836                                                           - Ensures that all
5837                                                             memory operations
5838                                                             to global have
5839                                                             completed before
5840                                                             performing the
5841                                                             atomicrmw that is
5842                                                             being released.
5843
5844                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5845                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5846
5847                                                           - Must happen before
5848                                                             following
5849                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5850                                                           - Ensures the
5851                                                             atomicrmw has
5852                                                             completed before
5853                                                             invalidating the
5854                                                             cache.
5855
5856                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5857
5858                                                           - Must happen before
5859                                                             any following
5860                                                             global/generic
5861                                                             load/load
5862                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5863                                                           - Ensures that
5864                                                             following loads
5865                                                             will not see stale
5866                                                             global data.
5867
5868     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5869                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5870
5871                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5872                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5873                                                           - Could be split into
5874                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5875                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5876                                                             s_waitcnt
5877                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5878                                                             them to be
5879                                                             independently moved
5880                                                             according to the
5881                                                             following rules.
5882                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5883                                                             must happen after
5884                                                             any preceding
5885                                                             global/generic
5886                                                             load/store/load
5887                                                             atomic/store
5888                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5889                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5890                                                             must happen after
5891                                                             any preceding
5892                                                             local/generic
5893                                                             load/store/load
5894                                                             atomic/store
5895                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5896                                                           - Must happen before
5897                                                             the following
5898                                                             atomicrmw.
5899                                                           - Ensures that all
5900                                                             memory operations
5901                                                             to global have
5902                                                             completed before
5903                                                             performing the
5904                                                             atomicrmw that is
5905                                                             being released.
5906
5907                                                         2. flat_atomic
5908                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5909                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5910
5911                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5912                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5913                                                           - Must happen before
5914                                                             following
5915                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5916                                                           - Ensures the
5917                                                             atomicrmw has
5918                                                             completed before
5919                                                             invalidating the
5920                                                             cache.
5921
5922                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5923
5924                                                           - Must happen before
5925                                                             any following
5926                                                             global/generic
5927                                                             load/load
5928                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5929                                                           - Ensures that
5930                                                             following loads
5931                                                             will not see stale
5932                                                             global data.
5933
5934     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5935                               - wavefront
5936     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5937
5938                                                           - If OpenCL and
5939                                                             address space is
5940                                                             not generic, omit.
5941                                                           - However,
5942                                                             since LLVM
5943                                                             currently has no
5944                                                             address space on
5945                                                             the fence need to
5946                                                             conservatively
5947                                                             always generate
5948                                                             (see comment for
5949                                                             previous fence).
5950                                                           - Must happen after
5951                                                             any preceding
5952                                                             local/generic
5953                                                             load/load
5954                                                             atomic/store/store
5955                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5956                                                           - Must happen before
5957                                                             any following
5958                                                             global/generic
5959                                                             load/load
5960                                                             atomic/store/store
5961                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5962                                                           - Ensures that all
5963                                                             memory operations
5964                                                             to local have
5965                                                             completed before
5966                                                             performing any
5967                                                             following global
5968                                                             memory operations.
5969                                                           - Ensures that the
5970                                                             preceding
5971                                                             local/generic load
5972                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5973                                                             with an equal or
5974                                                             wider sync scope
5975                                                             and memory ordering
5976                                                             stronger than
5977                                                             unordered (this is
5978                                                             termed the
5979                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
5980                                                             has completed
5981                                                             before following
5982                                                             global memory
5983                                                             operations. This
5984                                                             satisfies the
5985                                                             requirements of
5986                                                             acquire.
5987                                                           - Ensures that all
5988                                                             previous memory
5989                                                             operations have
5990                                                             completed before a
5991                                                             following
5992                                                             local/generic store
5993                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5994                                                             with an equal or
5995                                                             wider sync scope
5996                                                             and memory ordering
5997                                                             stronger than
5998                                                             unordered (this is
5999                                                             termed the
6000                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6001                                                             This satisfies the
6002                                                             requirements of
6003                                                             release.
6004
6005     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6006                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
6007
6008                                                           - If OpenCL and
6009                                                             address space is
6010                                                             not generic, omit
6011                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6012                                                           - However, since LLVM
6013                                                             currently has no
6014                                                             address space on
6015                                                             the fence need to
6016                                                             conservatively
6017                                                             always generate
6018                                                             (see comment for
6019                                                             previous fence).
6020                                                           - Could be split into
6021                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6022                                                             vmcnt(0) and
6023                                                             s_waitcnt
6024                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6025                                                             them to be
6026                                                             independently moved
6027                                                             according to the
6028                                                             following rules.
6029                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6030                                                             must happen after
6031                                                             any preceding
6032                                                             global/generic
6033                                                             load/store/load
6034                                                             atomic/store
6035                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6036                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6037                                                             must happen after
6038                                                             any preceding
6039                                                             local/generic
6040                                                             load/store/load
6041                                                             atomic/store
6042                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6043                                                           - Must happen before
6044                                                             the following
6045                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6046                                                           - Ensures that the
6047                                                             preceding
6048                                                             global/local/generic
6049                                                             load
6050                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6051                                                             with an equal or
6052                                                             wider sync scope
6053                                                             and memory ordering
6054                                                             stronger than
6055                                                             unordered (this is
6056                                                             termed the
6057                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
6058                                                             has completed
6059                                                             before invalidating
6060                                                             the cache. This
6061                                                             satisfies the
6062                                                             requirements of
6063                                                             acquire.
6064                                                           - Ensures that all
6065                                                             previous memory
6066                                                             operations have
6067                                                             completed before a
6068                                                             following
6069                                                             global/local/generic
6070                                                             store
6071                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6072                                                             with an equal or
6073                                                             wider sync scope
6074                                                             and memory ordering
6075                                                             stronger than
6076                                                             unordered (this is
6077                                                             termed the
6078                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6079                                                             This satisfies the
6080                                                             requirements of
6081                                                             release.
6082
6083                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6084
6085                                                           - Must happen before
6086                                                             any following
6087                                                             global/generic
6088                                                             load/load
6089                                                             atomic/store/store
6090                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6091                                                           - Ensures that
6092                                                             following loads
6093                                                             will not see stale
6094                                                             global data. This
6095                                                             satisfies the
6096                                                             requirements of
6097                                                             acquire.
6098
6099     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
6100     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6101     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6102                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
6103                                              - generic  except must generate
6104                                                         all instructions even
6105                                                         for OpenCL.*
6106     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6107                                              - generic
6108
6109                                                           - Must
6110                                                             happen after
6111                                                             preceding
6112                                                             local/generic load
6113                                                             atomic/store
6114                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6115                                                             with memory
6116                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6117                                                             and with equal or
6118                                                             wider sync scope.
6119                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6120                                                             fences have their
6121                                                             own s_waitcnt
6122                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6123                                                             not need to be
6124                                                             considered.)
6125                                                           - Ensures any
6126                                                             preceding
6127                                                             sequential
6128                                                             consistent local
6129                                                             memory instructions
6130                                                             have completed
6131                                                             before executing
6132                                                             this sequentially
6133                                                             consistent
6134                                                             instruction. This
6135                                                             prevents reordering
6136                                                             a seq_cst store
6137                                                             followed by a
6138                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6139                                                             that seq_cst is
6140                                                             stronger than
6141                                                             acquire/release as
6142                                                             the reordering of
6143                                                             load acquire
6144                                                             followed by a store
6145                                                             release is
6146                                                             prevented by the
6147                                                             s_waitcnt of
6148                                                             the release, but
6149                                                             there is nothing
6150                                                             preventing a store
6151                                                             release followed by
6152                                                             load acquire from
6153                                                             completing out of
6154                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6155                                                             could be placed after
6156                                                             seq_store or before
6157                                                             the seq_load. We
6158                                                             choose the load to
6159                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6160                                                             as late as possible
6161                                                             so that the store
6162                                                             may have already
6163                                                             completed.)
6164
6165                                                         2. *Following
6166                                                            instructions same as
6167                                                            corresponding load
6168                                                            atomic acquire,
6169                                                            except must generate
6170                                                            all instructions even
6171                                                            for OpenCL.*
6172     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *Same as corresponding
6173                                                         load atomic acquire,
6174                                                         except must generate
6175                                                         all instructions even
6176                                                         for OpenCL.*
6177
6178     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6179                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
6180
6181                                                           - Could be split into
6182                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6183                                                             vmcnt(0)
6184                                                             and s_waitcnt
6185                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6186                                                             them to be
6187                                                             independently moved
6188                                                             according to the
6189                                                             following rules.
6190                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6191                                                             must happen after
6192                                                             preceding
6193                                                             global/generic load
6194                                                             atomic/store
6195                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6196                                                             with memory
6197                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6198                                                             and with equal or
6199                                                             wider sync scope.
6200                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6201                                                             fences have their
6202                                                             own s_waitcnt
6203                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6204                                                             not need to be
6205                                                             considered.)
6206                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6207                                                             must happen after
6208                                                             preceding
6209                                                             global/generic load
6210                                                             atomic/store
6211                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6212                                                             with memory
6213                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6214                                                             and with equal or
6215                                                             wider sync scope.
6216                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6217                                                             fences have their
6218                                                             own s_waitcnt
6219                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
6220                                                             not need to be
6221                                                             considered.)
6222                                                           - Ensures any
6223                                                             preceding
6224                                                             sequential
6225                                                             consistent global
6226                                                             memory instructions
6227                                                             have completed
6228                                                             before executing
6229                                                             this sequentially
6230                                                             consistent
6231                                                             instruction. This
6232                                                             prevents reordering
6233                                                             a seq_cst store
6234                                                             followed by a
6235                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6236                                                             that seq_cst is
6237                                                             stronger than
6238                                                             acquire/release as
6239                                                             the reordering of
6240                                                             load acquire
6241                                                             followed by a store
6242                                                             release is
6243                                                             prevented by the
6244                                                             s_waitcnt of
6245                                                             the release, but
6246                                                             there is nothing
6247                                                             preventing a store
6248                                                             release followed by
6249                                                             load acquire from
6250                                                             completing out of
6251                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6252                                                             could be placed after
6253                                                             seq_store or before
6254                                                             the seq_load. We
6255                                                             choose the load to
6256                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6257                                                             as late as possible
6258                                                             so that the store
6259                                                             may have already
6260                                                             completed.)
6261
6262                                                         2. *Following
6263                                                            instructions same as
6264                                                            corresponding load
6265                                                            atomic acquire,
6266                                                            except must generate
6267                                                            all instructions even
6268                                                            for OpenCL.*
6269     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6270                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
6271                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6272                               - agent                   all instructions even
6273                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6274     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6275                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
6276                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6277                               - agent                   all instructions even
6278                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6279     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
6280                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
6281                               - workgroup               except must generate
6282                               - agent                   all instructions even
6283                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6284     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6285
6286.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a:
6287
6288Memory Model GFX90A
6289+++++++++++++++++++
6290
6291For GFX90A:
6292
6293* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
6294* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
6295* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
6296* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
6297  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
6298  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
6299* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
6300  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
6301  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
6302* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
6303  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
6304  execution order.
6305* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
6306  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
6307  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
6308  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
6309  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
6310  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
6311  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
6312  operations performed by the same wavefront.
6313* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
6314  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
6315  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
6316  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
6317  global memory.
6318* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
6319  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
6320
6321  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
6322    wavefront.
6323
6324  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
6325    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
6326    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
6327    different CUs and so a ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required as described in
6328    the following item.
6329
6330  * A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between wavefronts
6331    executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on different
6332    CUs.
6333
6334* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
6335  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
6336  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
6337  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6338* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
6339  the same agent.
6340
6341  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
6342    addresses.
6343  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
6344    scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
6345    work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs), or the same
6346    work-group if executing in tgsplit mode, of an agent can be reordered
6347    relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure
6348    synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
6349    ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
6350    subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
6351    requirements of acquire and release.
6352  * The L2 cache of one agent can be kept coherent with other agents by:
6353    using the MTYPE RW (read-write) or MTYPE CC (cache-coherent) with the PTE
6354    C-bit for memory local to the L2; and using the MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
6355    the PTE C-bit set or MTYPE UC (uncached) for memory not local to the L2.
6356
6357    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
6358      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
6359      the cache probe caused by coherent requests. Coherent requests are caused
6360      by GPU accesses to pages with the PTE C-bit set, by CPU accesses over
6361      XGMI, and by PCIe requests that are configured to be coherent requests.
6362    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
6363      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
6364      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter and and the PTE C-bit being set.
6365    * Since all work-groups on the same agent share the same L2, no L2
6366      invalidation or writeback is required for coherence.
6367    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory writes of work-groups in
6368      different agents a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2
6369      cache lines of MTYPE RW (used for local coarse grain memory) and MTYPE NC
6370      ()used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that MTYPE CC (used for local
6371      fine grain memory) causes write through to DRAM, and MTYPE UC (used for
6372      remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so both will never result in
6373      dirty L2 cache lines.
6374    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory reads of work-groups in
6375      different agents a ``buffer_invl2`` is required. It will invalidate L2
6376      cache lines with MTYPE NC (used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that
6377      MTYPE CC (used for local fine grain memory) and MTYPE RW (used for local
6378      coarse memory) cause local reads to be invalidated by remote writes with
6379      with the PTE C-bit so these cache lines are not invalidated. Note that
6380      MTYPE UC (used for remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so will
6381      never result in L2 cache lines that need to be invalidated.
6382
6383  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU memory is kept coherent by using the
6384    MTYPE UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
6385
6386Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
6387change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
6388address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
6389Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
6390ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
6391invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
6392may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
6393:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6394
6395The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
6396case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
6397accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
6398then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
6399return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
6400future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
6401creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
6402``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
6403
6404For kernarg backing memory:
6405
6406* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
6407* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
6408  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
6409  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
6410  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
6411* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
6412  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
6413
6414Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
6415with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
6416only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
6417never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
6418invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
6419
6420The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX90A are defined
6421in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table`.
6422
6423  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX90A
6424     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table
6425
6426     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6427     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
6428                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX90A
6429                                              Space
6430     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6431     **Non-Atomic**
6432     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6433     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6434                                              - generic
6435                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
6436                                              - constant
6437                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6438
6439                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6440                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6441
6442                                                         - volatile
6443
6444                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6445                                                              glc=1
6446                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6447
6448                                                            - Must happen before
6449                                                              any following volatile
6450                                                              global/generic
6451                                                              load/store.
6452                                                            - Ensures that
6453                                                              volatile
6454                                                              operations to
6455                                                              different
6456                                                              addresses will not
6457                                                              be reordered by
6458                                                              hardware.
6459
6460     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
6461     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6462                                              - generic
6463                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
6464                                              - constant
6465                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6466
6467                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6468                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6469
6470                                                         - volatile
6471
6472                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6473                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6474
6475                                                            - Must happen before
6476                                                              any following volatile
6477                                                              global/generic
6478                                                              load/store.
6479                                                            - Ensures that
6480                                                              volatile
6481                                                              operations to
6482                                                              different
6483                                                              addresses will not
6484                                                              be reordered by
6485                                                              hardware.
6486
6487     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
6488     **Unordered Atomic**
6489     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6490     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6491     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6492     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
6493     **Monotonic Atomic**
6494     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6495     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6496                               - wavefront    - generic
6497     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6498                                              - generic     glc=1
6499
6500                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6501                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6502
6503     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6504                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6505                               - workgroup               be used.*
6506
6507                                                         1. ds_load
6508     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6509                                              - generic     glc=1
6510     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6511                                              - generic     glc=1
6512     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6513                               - wavefront    - generic
6514                               - workgroup
6515                               - agent
6516     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6517                                              - generic
6518     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6519                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6520                               - workgroup               be used.*
6521
6522                                                         1. ds_store
6523     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6524                               - wavefront    - generic
6525                               - workgroup
6526                               - agent
6527     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6528                                              - generic
6529     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6530                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6531                               - workgroup               be used.*
6532
6533                                                         1. ds_atomic
6534     **Acquire Atomic**
6535     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6536     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
6537                               - wavefront    - local
6538                                              - generic
6539     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
6540
6541                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6542                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6543
6544                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6545
6546                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6547                                                             mode, omit.
6548                                                           - Must happen before the
6549                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6550
6551                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6552
6553                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6554                                                             mode, omit.
6555                                                           - Must happen before
6556                                                             any following
6557                                                             global/generic
6558                                                             load/load
6559                                                             atomic/store/store
6560                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6561                                                           - Ensures that
6562                                                             following
6563                                                             loads will not see
6564                                                             stale data.
6565
6566     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6567                                                         local address space cannot
6568                                                         be used.*
6569
6570                                                         1. ds_load
6571                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6572
6573                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6574                                                           - Must happen before
6575                                                             any following
6576                                                             global/generic
6577                                                             load/load
6578                                                             atomic/store/store
6579                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6580                                                           - Ensures any
6581                                                             following global
6582                                                             data read is no
6583                                                             older than the local load
6584                                                             atomic value being
6585                                                             acquired.
6586
6587     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6588
6589                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6590                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6591
6592                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6593
6594                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6595                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6596                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6597                                                             execution mode.
6598                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6599                                                           - Must happen before
6600                                                             the following
6601                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and any
6602                                                             following global/generic
6603                                                             load/load
6604                                                             atomic/store/store
6605                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6606                                                           - Ensures any
6607                                                             following global
6608                                                             data read is no
6609                                                             older than a local load
6610                                                             atomic value being
6611                                                             acquired.
6612
6613                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6614
6615                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6616                                                             mode, omit.
6617                                                           - Ensures that
6618                                                             following
6619                                                             loads will not see
6620                                                             stale data.
6621
6622     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
6623                                                            glc=1
6624                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6625
6626                                                           - Must happen before
6627                                                             following
6628                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6629                                                           - Ensures the load
6630                                                             has completed
6631                                                             before invalidating
6632                                                             the cache.
6633
6634                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6635
6636                                                           - Must happen before
6637                                                             any following
6638                                                             global/generic
6639                                                             load/load
6640                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6641                                                           - Ensures that
6642                                                             following
6643                                                             loads will not see
6644                                                             stale global data.
6645
6646     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6647                                                            glc=1
6648                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6649
6650                                                           - Must happen before
6651                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6652                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6653                                                           - Ensures the load
6654                                                             has completed
6655                                                             before invalidating
6656                                                             the cache.
6657
6658                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6659                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6660
6661                                                           - Must happen before
6662                                                             any following
6663                                                             global/generic
6664                                                             load/load
6665                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6666                                                           - Ensures that
6667                                                             following
6668                                                             loads will not see
6669                                                             stale L1 global data,
6670                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6671                                                             NC global data.
6672                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6673                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6674                                                             the memory probes.
6675
6676     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6677                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6678                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6679
6680                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6681                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6682                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6683                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6684                                                           - Must happen before
6685                                                             following
6686                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6687                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6688                                                             has completed
6689                                                             before invalidating
6690                                                             the cache.
6691
6692                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6693
6694                                                           - Must happen before
6695                                                             any following
6696                                                             global/generic
6697                                                             load/load
6698                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6699                                                           - Ensures that
6700                                                             following loads
6701                                                             will not see stale
6702                                                             global data.
6703
6704     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6705                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6706                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6707
6708                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6709                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6710                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6711                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6712                                                           - Must happen before
6713                                                             following
6714                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6715                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6716                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6717                                                             has completed
6718                                                             before invalidating
6719                                                             the caches.
6720
6721                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6722                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6723
6724                                                           - Must happen before
6725                                                             any following
6726                                                             global/generic
6727                                                             load/load
6728                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6729                                                           - Ensures that
6730                                                             following
6731                                                             loads will not see
6732                                                             stale L1 global data,
6733                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6734                                                             NC global data.
6735                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6736                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6737                                                             the memory probes.
6738
6739     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6740                               - wavefront    - generic
6741     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6742                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6743                                                         be used.*
6744
6745                                                         1. ds_atomic
6746     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6747                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6748
6749                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6750                                                             mode, omit.
6751                                                           - Must happen before the
6752                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6753                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
6754                                                             has completed
6755                                                             before invalidating
6756                                                             the cache.
6757
6758                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6759
6760                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6761                                                             mode, omit.
6762                                                           - Must happen before
6763                                                             any following
6764                                                             global/generic
6765                                                             load/load
6766                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6767                                                           - Ensures that
6768                                                             following loads
6769                                                             will not see stale
6770                                                             global data.
6771
6772     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6773                                                         local address space cannot
6774                                                         be used.*
6775
6776                                                         1. ds_atomic
6777                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6778
6779                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6780                                                           - Must happen before
6781                                                             any following
6782                                                             global/generic
6783                                                             load/load
6784                                                             atomic/store/store
6785                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6786                                                           - Ensures any
6787                                                             following global
6788                                                             data read is no
6789                                                             older than the local
6790                                                             atomicrmw value
6791                                                             being acquired.
6792
6793     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
6794                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6795
6796                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6797                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6798                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6799                                                             execution mode.
6800                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6801                                                           - Must happen before
6802                                                             the following
6803                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
6804                                                             any following
6805                                                             global/generic
6806                                                             load/load
6807                                                             atomic/store/store
6808                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6809                                                           - Ensures any
6810                                                             following global
6811                                                             data read is no
6812                                                             older than a local
6813                                                             atomicrmw value
6814                                                             being acquired.
6815
6816                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6817
6818                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6819                                                             mode, omit.
6820                                                           - Ensures that
6821                                                             following
6822                                                             loads will not see
6823                                                             stale data.
6824
6825     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6826                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6827
6828                                                           - Must happen before
6829                                                             following
6830                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6831                                                           - Ensures the
6832                                                             atomicrmw has
6833                                                             completed before
6834                                                             invalidating the
6835                                                             cache.
6836
6837                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6838
6839                                                           - Must happen before
6840                                                             any following
6841                                                             global/generic
6842                                                             load/load
6843                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6844                                                           - Ensures that
6845                                                             following loads
6846                                                             will not see stale
6847                                                             global data.
6848
6849     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6850                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6851
6852                                                           - Must happen before
6853                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6854                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6855                                                           - Ensures the
6856                                                             atomicrmw has
6857                                                             completed before
6858                                                             invalidating the
6859                                                             caches.
6860
6861                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6862                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6863
6864                                                           - Must happen before
6865                                                             any following
6866                                                             global/generic
6867                                                             load/load
6868                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6869                                                           - Ensures that
6870                                                             following
6871                                                             loads will not see
6872                                                             stale L1 global data,
6873                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6874                                                             NC global data.
6875                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6876                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6877                                                             the memory probes.
6878
6879     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
6880                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6881                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6882
6883                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6884                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6885                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6886                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6887                                                           - Must happen before
6888                                                             following
6889                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6890                                                           - Ensures the
6891                                                             atomicrmw has
6892                                                             completed before
6893                                                             invalidating the
6894                                                             cache.
6895
6896                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6897
6898                                                           - Must happen before
6899                                                             any following
6900                                                             global/generic
6901                                                             load/load
6902                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6903                                                           - Ensures that
6904                                                             following loads
6905                                                             will not see stale
6906                                                             global data.
6907
6908     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic
6909                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6910                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6911
6912                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6913                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6914                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6915                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6916                                                           - Must happen before
6917                                                             following
6918                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6919                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6920                                                           - Ensures the
6921                                                             atomicrmw has
6922                                                             completed before
6923                                                             invalidating the
6924                                                             caches.
6925
6926                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6927                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6928
6929                                                           - Must happen before
6930                                                             any following
6931                                                             global/generic
6932                                                             load/load
6933                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6934                                                           - Ensures that
6935                                                             following
6936                                                             loads will not see
6937                                                             stale L1 global data,
6938                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6939                                                             NC global data.
6940                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6941                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6942                                                             the memory probes.
6943
6944     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
6945                               - wavefront
6946     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6947
6948                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6949                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6950                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6951                                                             execution mode.
6952                                                           - If OpenCL and
6953                                                             address space is
6954                                                             not generic, omit
6955                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6956                                                           - If OpenCL and
6957                                                             address space is
6958                                                             local, omit
6959                                                             vmcnt(0).
6960                                                           - However, since LLVM
6961                                                             currently has no
6962                                                             address space on
6963                                                             the fence need to
6964                                                             conservatively
6965                                                             always generate. If
6966                                                             fence had an
6967                                                             address space then
6968                                                             set to address
6969                                                             space of OpenCL
6970                                                             fence flag, or to
6971                                                             generic if both
6972                                                             local and global
6973                                                             flags are
6974                                                             specified.
6975                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6976                                                             must happen after
6977                                                             any preceding
6978                                                             global/generic load
6979                                                             atomic/
6980                                                             atomicrmw
6981                                                             with an equal or
6982                                                             wider sync scope
6983                                                             and memory ordering
6984                                                             stronger than
6985                                                             unordered (this is
6986                                                             termed the
6987                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
6988                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6989                                                             must happen after
6990                                                             any preceding
6991                                                             local/generic load
6992                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6993                                                             with an equal or
6994                                                             wider sync scope
6995                                                             and memory ordering
6996                                                             stronger than
6997                                                             unordered (this is
6998                                                             termed the
6999                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7000                                                           - Must happen before
7001                                                             the following
7002                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7003                                                             any following
7004                                                             global/generic
7005                                                             load/load
7006                                                             atomic/store/store
7007                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7008                                                           - Ensures any
7009                                                             following global
7010                                                             data read is no
7011                                                             older than the
7012                                                             value read by the
7013                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7014
7015                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7016
7017                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7018                                                             mode, omit.
7019                                                           - Ensures that
7020                                                             following
7021                                                             loads will not see
7022                                                             stale data.
7023
7024     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7025                                                            vmcnt(0)
7026
7027                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7028                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7029                                                           - If OpenCL and
7030                                                             address space is
7031                                                             not generic, omit
7032                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7033                                                           - However, since LLVM
7034                                                             currently has no
7035                                                             address space on
7036                                                             the fence need to
7037                                                             conservatively
7038                                                             always generate
7039                                                             (see comment for
7040                                                             previous fence).
7041                                                           - Could be split into
7042                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7043                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7044                                                             s_waitcnt
7045                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7046                                                             them to be
7047                                                             independently moved
7048                                                             according to the
7049                                                             following rules.
7050                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7051                                                             must happen after
7052                                                             any preceding
7053                                                             global/generic load
7054                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7055                                                             with an equal or
7056                                                             wider sync scope
7057                                                             and memory ordering
7058                                                             stronger than
7059                                                             unordered (this is
7060                                                             termed the
7061                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7062                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7063                                                             must happen after
7064                                                             any preceding
7065                                                             local/generic load
7066                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7067                                                             with an equal or
7068                                                             wider sync scope
7069                                                             and memory ordering
7070                                                             stronger than
7071                                                             unordered (this is
7072                                                             termed the
7073                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7074                                                           - Must happen before
7075                                                             the following
7076                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7077                                                           - Ensures that the
7078                                                             fence-paired atomic
7079                                                             has completed
7080                                                             before invalidating
7081                                                             the
7082                                                             cache. Therefore
7083                                                             any following
7084                                                             locations read must
7085                                                             be no older than
7086                                                             the value read by
7087                                                             the
7088                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7089
7090                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7091
7092                                                           - Must happen before any
7093                                                             following global/generic
7094                                                             load/load
7095                                                             atomic/store/store
7096                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7097                                                           - Ensures that
7098                                                             following loads
7099                                                             will not see stale
7100                                                             global data.
7101
7102     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7103                                                            vmcnt(0)
7104
7105                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7106                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7107                                                           - If OpenCL and
7108                                                             address space is
7109                                                             not generic, omit
7110                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7111                                                           - However, since LLVM
7112                                                             currently has no
7113                                                             address space on
7114                                                             the fence need to
7115                                                             conservatively
7116                                                             always generate
7117                                                             (see comment for
7118                                                             previous fence).
7119                                                           - Could be split into
7120                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7121                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7122                                                             s_waitcnt
7123                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7124                                                             them to be
7125                                                             independently moved
7126                                                             according to the
7127                                                             following rules.
7128                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7129                                                             must happen after
7130                                                             any preceding
7131                                                             global/generic load
7132                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7133                                                             with an equal or
7134                                                             wider sync scope
7135                                                             and memory ordering
7136                                                             stronger than
7137                                                             unordered (this is
7138                                                             termed the
7139                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7140                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7141                                                             must happen after
7142                                                             any preceding
7143                                                             local/generic load
7144                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7145                                                             with an equal or
7146                                                             wider sync scope
7147                                                             and memory ordering
7148                                                             stronger than
7149                                                             unordered (this is
7150                                                             termed the
7151                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7152                                                           - Must happen before
7153                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
7154                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7155                                                           - Ensures that the
7156                                                             fence-paired atomic
7157                                                             has completed
7158                                                             before invalidating
7159                                                             the
7160                                                             cache. Therefore
7161                                                             any following
7162                                                             locations read must
7163                                                             be no older than
7164                                                             the value read by
7165                                                             the
7166                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7167
7168                                                         2. buffer_invl2;
7169                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7170
7171                                                           - Must happen before any
7172                                                             following global/generic
7173                                                             load/load
7174                                                             atomic/store/store
7175                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7176                                                           - Ensures that
7177                                                             following
7178                                                             loads will not see
7179                                                             stale L1 global data,
7180                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7181                                                             NC global data.
7182                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7183                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7184                                                             the memory probes.
7185     **Release Atomic**
7186     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7187     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
7188                               - wavefront    - generic
7189     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7190                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7191                                                         be used.*
7192
7193                                                         1. ds_store
7194     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7195                                              - generic
7196                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7197                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7198                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7199                                                             execution mode.
7200                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
7201                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7202                                                             must happen after
7203                                                             any preceding
7204                                                             global/generic load/store/
7205                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7206                                                             atomicrmw.
7207                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7208                                                             must happen after
7209                                                             any preceding
7210                                                             local/generic
7211                                                             load/store/load
7212                                                             atomic/store
7213                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7214                                                           - Must happen before
7215                                                             the following
7216                                                             store.
7217                                                           - Ensures that all
7218                                                             memory operations
7219                                                             have
7220                                                             completed before
7221                                                             performing the
7222                                                             store that is being
7223                                                             released.
7224
7225                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7226     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7227                                                         local address space cannot
7228                                                         be used.*
7229
7230                                                         1. ds_store
7231     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7232                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7233
7234                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7235                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7236                                                           - If OpenCL and
7237                                                             address space is
7238                                                             not generic, omit
7239                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7240                                                           - Could be split into
7241                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7242                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7243                                                             s_waitcnt
7244                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7245                                                             them to be
7246                                                             independently moved
7247                                                             according to the
7248                                                             following rules.
7249                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7250                                                             must happen after
7251                                                             any preceding
7252                                                             global/generic
7253                                                             load/store/load
7254                                                             atomic/store
7255                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7256                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7257                                                             must happen after
7258                                                             any preceding
7259                                                             local/generic
7260                                                             load/store/load
7261                                                             atomic/store
7262                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7263                                                           - Must happen before
7264                                                             the following
7265                                                             store.
7266                                                           - Ensures that all
7267                                                             memory operations
7268                                                             to memory have
7269                                                             completed before
7270                                                             performing the
7271                                                             store that is being
7272                                                             released.
7273
7274                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7275     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7276                                              - generic
7277                                                           - Must happen before
7278                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7279                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7280                                                             ensure previous
7281                                                             global/generic
7282                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7283                                                             visible at system scope.
7284
7285                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7286                                                            vmcnt(0)
7287
7288                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7289                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7290                                                           - If OpenCL and
7291                                                             address space is
7292                                                             not generic, omit
7293                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7294                                                           - Could be split into
7295                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7296                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7297                                                             s_waitcnt
7298                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7299                                                             them to be
7300                                                             independently moved
7301                                                             according to the
7302                                                             following rules.
7303                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7304                                                             must happen after any
7305                                                             preceding
7306                                                             global/generic
7307                                                             load/store/load
7308                                                             atomic/store
7309                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7310                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7311                                                             must happen after any
7312                                                             preceding
7313                                                             local/generic
7314                                                             load/store/load
7315                                                             atomic/store
7316                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7317                                                           - Must happen before
7318                                                             the following
7319                                                             store.
7320                                                           - Ensures that all
7321                                                             memory operations
7322                                                             to memory and the L2
7323                                                             writeback have
7324                                                             completed before
7325                                                             performing the
7326                                                             store that is being
7327                                                             released.
7328
7329                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
7330     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7331                               - wavefront    - generic
7332     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7333                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7334                                                         be used.*
7335
7336                                                         1. ds_atomic
7337     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7338                                              - generic
7339                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7340                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7341                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7342                                                             execution mode.
7343                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7344                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7345                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7346                                                             must happen after
7347                                                             any preceding
7348                                                             global/generic load/store/
7349                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7350                                                             atomicrmw.
7351                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7352                                                             must happen after
7353                                                             any preceding
7354                                                             local/generic
7355                                                             load/store/load
7356                                                             atomic/store
7357                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7358                                                           - Must happen before
7359                                                             the following
7360                                                             atomicrmw.
7361                                                           - Ensures that all
7362                                                             memory operations
7363                                                             have
7364                                                             completed before
7365                                                             performing the
7366                                                             atomicrmw that is
7367                                                             being released.
7368
7369                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7370     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7371                                                         local address space cannot
7372                                                         be used.*
7373
7374                                                         1. ds_atomic
7375     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7376                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7377
7378                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7379                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7380                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7381                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7382                                                           - Could be split into
7383                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7384                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7385                                                             s_waitcnt
7386                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7387                                                             them to be
7388                                                             independently moved
7389                                                             according to the
7390                                                             following rules.
7391                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7392                                                             must happen after
7393                                                             any preceding
7394                                                             global/generic
7395                                                             load/store/load
7396                                                             atomic/store
7397                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7398                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7399                                                             must happen after
7400                                                             any preceding
7401                                                             local/generic
7402                                                             load/store/load
7403                                                             atomic/store
7404                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7405                                                           - Must happen before
7406                                                             the following
7407                                                             atomicrmw.
7408                                                           - Ensures that all
7409                                                             memory operations
7410                                                             to global and local
7411                                                             have completed
7412                                                             before performing
7413                                                             the atomicrmw that
7414                                                             is being released.
7415
7416                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7417     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7418                                              - generic
7419                                                           - Must happen before
7420                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7421                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7422                                                             ensure previous
7423                                                             global/generic
7424                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7425                                                             visible at system scope.
7426
7427                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7428                                                            vmcnt(0)
7429
7430                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7431                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7432                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7433                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7434                                                           - Could be split into
7435                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7436                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7437                                                             s_waitcnt
7438                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7439                                                             them to be
7440                                                             independently moved
7441                                                             according to the
7442                                                             following rules.
7443                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7444                                                             must happen after
7445                                                             any preceding
7446                                                             global/generic
7447                                                             load/store/load
7448                                                             atomic/store
7449                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7450                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7451                                                             must happen after
7452                                                             any preceding
7453                                                             local/generic
7454                                                             load/store/load
7455                                                             atomic/store
7456                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7457                                                           - Must happen before
7458                                                             the following
7459                                                             atomicrmw.
7460                                                           - Ensures that all
7461                                                             memory operations
7462                                                             to memory and the L2
7463                                                             writeback have
7464                                                             completed before
7465                                                             performing the
7466                                                             store that is being
7467                                                             released.
7468
7469                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7470     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
7471                               - wavefront
7472     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7473
7474                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7475                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7476                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7477                                                             execution mode.
7478                                                           - If OpenCL and
7479                                                             address space is
7480                                                             not generic, omit
7481                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7482                                                           - If OpenCL and
7483                                                             address space is
7484                                                             local, omit
7485                                                             vmcnt(0).
7486                                                           - However, since LLVM
7487                                                             currently has no
7488                                                             address space on
7489                                                             the fence need to
7490                                                             conservatively
7491                                                             always generate. If
7492                                                             fence had an
7493                                                             address space then
7494                                                             set to address
7495                                                             space of OpenCL
7496                                                             fence flag, or to
7497                                                             generic if both
7498                                                             local and global
7499                                                             flags are
7500                                                             specified.
7501                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7502                                                             must happen after
7503                                                             any preceding
7504                                                             global/generic
7505                                                             load/store/
7506                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7507                                                             atomicrmw.
7508                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7509                                                             must happen after
7510                                                             any preceding
7511                                                             local/generic
7512                                                             load/load
7513                                                             atomic/store/store
7514                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7515                                                           - Must happen before
7516                                                             any following store
7517                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7518                                                             with an equal or
7519                                                             wider sync scope
7520                                                             and memory ordering
7521                                                             stronger than
7522                                                             unordered (this is
7523                                                             termed the
7524                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7525                                                           - Ensures that all
7526                                                             memory operations
7527                                                             have
7528                                                             completed before
7529                                                             performing the
7530                                                             following
7531                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7532
7533     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7534                                                            vmcnt(0)
7535
7536                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7537                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7538                                                           - If OpenCL and
7539                                                             address space is
7540                                                             not generic, omit
7541                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7542                                                           - If OpenCL and
7543                                                             address space is
7544                                                             local, omit
7545                                                             vmcnt(0).
7546                                                           - However, since LLVM
7547                                                             currently has no
7548                                                             address space on
7549                                                             the fence need to
7550                                                             conservatively
7551                                                             always generate. If
7552                                                             fence had an
7553                                                             address space then
7554                                                             set to address
7555                                                             space of OpenCL
7556                                                             fence flag, or to
7557                                                             generic if both
7558                                                             local and global
7559                                                             flags are
7560                                                             specified.
7561                                                           - Could be split into
7562                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7563                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7564                                                             s_waitcnt
7565                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7566                                                             them to be
7567                                                             independently moved
7568                                                             according to the
7569                                                             following rules.
7570                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7571                                                             must happen after
7572                                                             any preceding
7573                                                             global/generic
7574                                                             load/store/load
7575                                                             atomic/store
7576                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7577                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7578                                                             must happen after
7579                                                             any preceding
7580                                                             local/generic
7581                                                             load/store/load
7582                                                             atomic/store
7583                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7584                                                           - Must happen before
7585                                                             any following store
7586                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7587                                                             with an equal or
7588                                                             wider sync scope
7589                                                             and memory ordering
7590                                                             stronger than
7591                                                             unordered (this is
7592                                                             termed the
7593                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7594                                                           - Ensures that all
7595                                                             memory operations
7596                                                             have
7597                                                             completed before
7598                                                             performing the
7599                                                             following
7600                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7601
7602     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
7603
7604                                                           - If OpenCL and
7605                                                             address space is
7606                                                             local, omit.
7607                                                           - Must happen before
7608                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7609                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7610                                                             ensure previous
7611                                                             global/generic
7612                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7613                                                             visible at system scope.
7614
7615                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7616                                                            vmcnt(0)
7617
7618                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7619                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7620                                                           - If OpenCL and
7621                                                             address space is
7622                                                             not generic, omit
7623                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7624                                                           - If OpenCL and
7625                                                             address space is
7626                                                             local, omit
7627                                                             vmcnt(0).
7628                                                           - However, since LLVM
7629                                                             currently has no
7630                                                             address space on
7631                                                             the fence need to
7632                                                             conservatively
7633                                                             always generate. If
7634                                                             fence had an
7635                                                             address space then
7636                                                             set to address
7637                                                             space of OpenCL
7638                                                             fence flag, or to
7639                                                             generic if both
7640                                                             local and global
7641                                                             flags are
7642                                                             specified.
7643                                                           - Could be split into
7644                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7645                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7646                                                             s_waitcnt
7647                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7648                                                             them to be
7649                                                             independently moved
7650                                                             according to the
7651                                                             following rules.
7652                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7653                                                             must happen after
7654                                                             any preceding
7655                                                             global/generic
7656                                                             load/store/load
7657                                                             atomic/store
7658                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7659                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7660                                                             must happen after
7661                                                             any preceding
7662                                                             local/generic
7663                                                             load/store/load
7664                                                             atomic/store
7665                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7666                                                           - Must happen before
7667                                                             any following store
7668                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7669                                                             with an equal or
7670                                                             wider sync scope
7671                                                             and memory ordering
7672                                                             stronger than
7673                                                             unordered (this is
7674                                                             termed the
7675                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7676                                                           - Ensures that all
7677                                                             memory operations
7678                                                             have
7679                                                             completed before
7680                                                             performing the
7681                                                             following
7682                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7683
7684     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
7685     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7686     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7687                               - wavefront    - generic
7688     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7689                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7690                                                         be used.*
7691
7692                                                         1. ds_atomic
7693     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7694
7695                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7696                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7697                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7698                                                             execution mode.
7699                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7700                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7701                                                           - Must happen after
7702                                                             any preceding
7703                                                             local/generic
7704                                                             load/store/load
7705                                                             atomic/store
7706                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7707                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7708                                                             must happen after
7709                                                             any preceding
7710                                                             global/generic load/store/
7711                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7712                                                             atomicrmw.
7713                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7714                                                             must happen after
7715                                                             any preceding
7716                                                             local/generic
7717                                                             load/store/load
7718                                                             atomic/store
7719                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7720                                                           - Must happen before
7721                                                             the following
7722                                                             atomicrmw.
7723                                                           - Ensures that all
7724                                                             memory operations
7725                                                             have
7726                                                             completed before
7727                                                             performing the
7728                                                             atomicrmw that is
7729                                                             being released.
7730
7731                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7732                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7733
7734                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7735                                                             mode, omit.
7736                                                           - Must happen before
7737                                                             the following
7738                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7739                                                           - Ensures any
7740                                                             following global
7741                                                             data read is no
7742                                                             older than the
7743                                                             atomicrmw value
7744                                                             being acquired.
7745
7746                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7747
7748                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7749                                                             mode, omit.
7750                                                           - Ensures that
7751                                                             following
7752                                                             loads will not see
7753                                                             stale data.
7754
7755     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7756                                                         local address space cannot
7757                                                         be used.*
7758
7759                                                         1. ds_atomic
7760                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7761
7762                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
7763                                                           - Must happen before
7764                                                             any following
7765                                                             global/generic
7766                                                             load/load
7767                                                             atomic/store/store
7768                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7769                                                           - Ensures any
7770                                                             following global
7771                                                             data read is no
7772                                                             older than the local load
7773                                                             atomic value being
7774                                                             acquired.
7775
7776     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7777
7778                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7779                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7780                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7781                                                             execution mode.
7782                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7783                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7784                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7785                                                             must happen after
7786                                                             any preceding
7787                                                             global/generic load/store/
7788                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7789                                                             atomicrmw.
7790                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7791                                                             must happen after
7792                                                             any preceding
7793                                                             local/generic
7794                                                             load/store/load
7795                                                             atomic/store
7796                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7797                                                           - Must happen before
7798                                                             the following
7799                                                             atomicrmw.
7800                                                           - Ensures that all
7801                                                             memory operations
7802                                                             have
7803                                                             completed before
7804                                                             performing the
7805                                                             atomicrmw that is
7806                                                             being released.
7807
7808                                                         2. flat_atomic
7809                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7810                                                            vmcnt(0)
7811
7812                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7813                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
7814                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7815                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7816                                                           - Must happen before
7817                                                             the following
7818                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7819                                                             any following
7820                                                             global/generic
7821                                                             load/load
7822                                                             atomic/store/store
7823                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7824                                                           - Ensures any
7825                                                             following global
7826                                                             data read is no
7827                                                             older than a local load
7828                                                             atomic value being
7829                                                             acquired.
7830
7831                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7832
7833                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7834                                                             mode, omit.
7835                                                           - Ensures that
7836                                                             following
7837                                                             loads will not see
7838                                                             stale data.
7839
7840     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7841                                                            vmcnt(0)
7842
7843                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7844                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7845                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7846                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7847                                                           - Could be split into
7848                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7849                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7850                                                             s_waitcnt
7851                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7852                                                             them to be
7853                                                             independently moved
7854                                                             according to the
7855                                                             following rules.
7856                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7857                                                             must happen after
7858                                                             any preceding
7859                                                             global/generic
7860                                                             load/store/load
7861                                                             atomic/store
7862                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7863                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7864                                                             must happen after
7865                                                             any preceding
7866                                                             local/generic
7867                                                             load/store/load
7868                                                             atomic/store
7869                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7870                                                           - Must happen before
7871                                                             the following
7872                                                             atomicrmw.
7873                                                           - Ensures that all
7874                                                             memory operations
7875                                                             to global have
7876                                                             completed before
7877                                                             performing the
7878                                                             atomicrmw that is
7879                                                             being released.
7880
7881                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7882                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7883
7884                                                           - Must happen before
7885                                                             following
7886                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7887                                                           - Ensures the
7888                                                             atomicrmw has
7889                                                             completed before
7890                                                             invalidating the
7891                                                             cache.
7892
7893                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7894
7895                                                           - Must happen before
7896                                                             any following
7897                                                             global/generic
7898                                                             load/load
7899                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7900                                                           - Ensures that
7901                                                             following loads
7902                                                             will not see stale
7903                                                             global data.
7904
7905     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7906
7907                                                           - Must happen before
7908                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7909                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7910                                                             ensure previous
7911                                                             global/generic
7912                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7913                                                             visible at system scope.
7914
7915                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7916                                                            vmcnt(0)
7917
7918                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7919                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7920                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7921                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7922                                                           - Could be split into
7923                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7924                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7925                                                             s_waitcnt
7926                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7927                                                             them to be
7928                                                             independently moved
7929                                                             according to the
7930                                                             following rules.
7931                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7932                                                             must happen after
7933                                                             any preceding
7934                                                             global/generic
7935                                                             load/store/load
7936                                                             atomic/store
7937                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7938                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7939                                                             must happen after
7940                                                             any preceding
7941                                                             local/generic
7942                                                             load/store/load
7943                                                             atomic/store
7944                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7945                                                           - Must happen before
7946                                                             the following
7947                                                             atomicrmw.
7948                                                           - Ensures that all
7949                                                             memory operations
7950                                                             to global and L2 writeback
7951                                                             have completed before
7952                                                             performing the
7953                                                             atomicrmw that is
7954                                                             being released.
7955
7956                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
7957                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7958
7959                                                           - Must happen before
7960                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
7961                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7962                                                           - Ensures the
7963                                                             atomicrmw has
7964                                                             completed before
7965                                                             invalidating the
7966                                                             caches.
7967
7968                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
7969                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7970
7971                                                           - Must happen before
7972                                                             any following
7973                                                             global/generic
7974                                                             load/load
7975                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7976                                                           - Ensures that
7977                                                             following
7978                                                             loads will not see
7979                                                             stale L1 global data,
7980                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7981                                                             NC global data.
7982                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7983                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7984                                                             the memory probes.
7985
7986     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7987                                                            vmcnt(0)
7988
7989                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7990                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7991                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7992                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7993                                                           - Could be split into
7994                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7995                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7996                                                             s_waitcnt
7997                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7998                                                             them to be
7999                                                             independently moved
8000                                                             according to the
8001                                                             following rules.
8002                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8003                                                             must happen after
8004                                                             any preceding
8005                                                             global/generic
8006                                                             load/store/load
8007                                                             atomic/store
8008                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8009                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8010                                                             must happen after
8011                                                             any preceding
8012                                                             local/generic
8013                                                             load/store/load
8014                                                             atomic/store
8015                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8016                                                           - Must happen before
8017                                                             the following
8018                                                             atomicrmw.
8019                                                           - Ensures that all
8020                                                             memory operations
8021                                                             to global have
8022                                                             completed before
8023                                                             performing the
8024                                                             atomicrmw that is
8025                                                             being released.
8026
8027                                                         2. flat_atomic
8028                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8029                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8030
8031                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8032                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8033                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8034                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8035                                                           - Must happen before
8036                                                             following
8037                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8038                                                           - Ensures the
8039                                                             atomicrmw has
8040                                                             completed before
8041                                                             invalidating the
8042                                                             cache.
8043
8044                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8045
8046                                                           - Must happen before
8047                                                             any following
8048                                                             global/generic
8049                                                             load/load
8050                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8051                                                           - Ensures that
8052                                                             following loads
8053                                                             will not see stale
8054                                                             global data.
8055
8056     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2
8057
8058                                                           - Must happen before
8059                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8060                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8061                                                             ensure previous
8062                                                             global/generic
8063                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8064                                                             visible at system scope.
8065
8066                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8067                                                            vmcnt(0)
8068
8069                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8070                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8071                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8072                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8073                                                           - Could be split into
8074                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8075                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8076                                                             s_waitcnt
8077                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8078                                                             them to be
8079                                                             independently moved
8080                                                             according to the
8081                                                             following rules.
8082                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8083                                                             must happen after
8084                                                             any preceding
8085                                                             global/generic
8086                                                             load/store/load
8087                                                             atomic/store
8088                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8089                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8090                                                             must happen after
8091                                                             any preceding
8092                                                             local/generic
8093                                                             load/store/load
8094                                                             atomic/store
8095                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8096                                                           - Must happen before
8097                                                             the following
8098                                                             atomicrmw.
8099                                                           - Ensures that all
8100                                                             memory operations
8101                                                             to global and L2 writeback
8102                                                             have completed before
8103                                                             performing the
8104                                                             atomicrmw that is
8105                                                             being released.
8106
8107                                                         3. flat_atomic
8108                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8109                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8110
8111                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8112                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8113                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8114                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8115                                                           - Must happen before
8116                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
8117                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8118                                                           - Ensures the
8119                                                             atomicrmw has
8120                                                             completed before
8121                                                             invalidating the
8122                                                             caches.
8123
8124                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
8125                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8126
8127                                                           - Must happen before
8128                                                             any following
8129                                                             global/generic
8130                                                             load/load
8131                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8132                                                           - Ensures that
8133                                                             following
8134                                                             loads will not see
8135                                                             stale L1 global data,
8136                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8137                                                             NC global data.
8138                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8139                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8140                                                             the memory probes.
8141
8142     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
8143                               - wavefront
8144     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8145
8146                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8147                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8148                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8149                                                             execution mode.
8150                                                           - If OpenCL and
8151                                                             address space is
8152                                                             not generic, omit
8153                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8154                                                           - If OpenCL and
8155                                                             address space is
8156                                                             local, omit
8157                                                             vmcnt(0).
8158                                                           - However,
8159                                                             since LLVM
8160                                                             currently has no
8161                                                             address space on
8162                                                             the fence need to
8163                                                             conservatively
8164                                                             always generate
8165                                                             (see comment for
8166                                                             previous fence).
8167                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8168                                                             must happen after
8169                                                             any preceding
8170                                                             global/generic
8171                                                             load/store/
8172                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
8173                                                             atomicrmw.
8174                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8175                                                             must happen after
8176                                                             any preceding
8177                                                             local/generic
8178                                                             load/load
8179                                                             atomic/store/store
8180                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8181                                                           - Must happen before
8182                                                             any following
8183                                                             global/generic
8184                                                             load/load
8185                                                             atomic/store/store
8186                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8187                                                           - Ensures that all
8188                                                             memory operations
8189                                                             have
8190                                                             completed before
8191                                                             performing any
8192                                                             following global
8193                                                             memory operations.
8194                                                           - Ensures that the
8195                                                             preceding
8196                                                             local/generic load
8197                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8198                                                             with an equal or
8199                                                             wider sync scope
8200                                                             and memory ordering
8201                                                             stronger than
8202                                                             unordered (this is
8203                                                             termed the
8204                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8205                                                             has completed
8206                                                             before following
8207                                                             global memory
8208                                                             operations. This
8209                                                             satisfies the
8210                                                             requirements of
8211                                                             acquire.
8212                                                           - Ensures that all
8213                                                             previous memory
8214                                                             operations have
8215                                                             completed before a
8216                                                             following
8217                                                             local/generic store
8218                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8219                                                             with an equal or
8220                                                             wider sync scope
8221                                                             and memory ordering
8222                                                             stronger than
8223                                                             unordered (this is
8224                                                             termed the
8225                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8226                                                             This satisfies the
8227                                                             requirements of
8228                                                             release.
8229                                                           - Must happen before
8230                                                             the following
8231                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8232                                                           - Ensures that the
8233                                                             acquire-fence-paired
8234                                                             atomic has completed
8235                                                             before invalidating
8236                                                             the
8237                                                             cache. Therefore
8238                                                             any following
8239                                                             locations read must
8240                                                             be no older than
8241                                                             the value read by
8242                                                             the
8243                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
8244
8245                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8246
8247                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8248                                                             mode, omit.
8249                                                           - Ensures that
8250                                                             following
8251                                                             loads will not see
8252                                                             stale data.
8253
8254     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8255                                                            vmcnt(0)
8256
8257                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8258                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8259                                                           - If OpenCL and
8260                                                             address space is
8261                                                             not generic, omit
8262                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8263                                                           - However, since LLVM
8264                                                             currently has no
8265                                                             address space on
8266                                                             the fence need to
8267                                                             conservatively
8268                                                             always generate
8269                                                             (see comment for
8270                                                             previous fence).
8271                                                           - Could be split into
8272                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8273                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8274                                                             s_waitcnt
8275                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8276                                                             them to be
8277                                                             independently moved
8278                                                             according to the
8279                                                             following rules.
8280                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8281                                                             must happen after
8282                                                             any preceding
8283                                                             global/generic
8284                                                             load/store/load
8285                                                             atomic/store
8286                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8287                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8288                                                             must happen after
8289                                                             any preceding
8290                                                             local/generic
8291                                                             load/store/load
8292                                                             atomic/store
8293                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8294                                                           - Must happen before
8295                                                             the following
8296                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8297                                                           - Ensures that the
8298                                                             preceding
8299                                                             global/local/generic
8300                                                             load
8301                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8302                                                             with an equal or
8303                                                             wider sync scope
8304                                                             and memory ordering
8305                                                             stronger than
8306                                                             unordered (this is
8307                                                             termed the
8308                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8309                                                             has completed
8310                                                             before invalidating
8311                                                             the cache. This
8312                                                             satisfies the
8313                                                             requirements of
8314                                                             acquire.
8315                                                           - Ensures that all
8316                                                             previous memory
8317                                                             operations have
8318                                                             completed before a
8319                                                             following
8320                                                             global/local/generic
8321                                                             store
8322                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8323                                                             with an equal or
8324                                                             wider sync scope
8325                                                             and memory ordering
8326                                                             stronger than
8327                                                             unordered (this is
8328                                                             termed the
8329                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8330                                                             This satisfies the
8331                                                             requirements of
8332                                                             release.
8333
8334                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8335
8336                                                           - Must happen before
8337                                                             any following
8338                                                             global/generic
8339                                                             load/load
8340                                                             atomic/store/store
8341                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8342                                                           - Ensures that
8343                                                             following loads
8344                                                             will not see stale
8345                                                             global data. This
8346                                                             satisfies the
8347                                                             requirements of
8348                                                             acquire.
8349
8350     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
8351
8352                                                           - If OpenCL and
8353                                                             address space is
8354                                                             local, omit.
8355                                                           - Must happen before
8356                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8357                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8358                                                             ensure previous
8359                                                             global/generic
8360                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8361                                                             visible at system scope.
8362
8363                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8364                                                            vmcnt(0)
8365
8366                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8367                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8368                                                           - If OpenCL and
8369                                                             address space is
8370                                                             not generic, omit
8371                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8372                                                           - However, since LLVM
8373                                                             currently has no
8374                                                             address space on
8375                                                             the fence need to
8376                                                             conservatively
8377                                                             always generate
8378                                                             (see comment for
8379                                                             previous fence).
8380                                                           - Could be split into
8381                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8382                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8383                                                             s_waitcnt
8384                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8385                                                             them to be
8386                                                             independently moved
8387                                                             according to the
8388                                                             following rules.
8389                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8390                                                             must happen after
8391                                                             any preceding
8392                                                             global/generic
8393                                                             load/store/load
8394                                                             atomic/store
8395                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8396                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8397                                                             must happen after
8398                                                             any preceding
8399                                                             local/generic
8400                                                             load/store/load
8401                                                             atomic/store
8402                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8403                                                           - Must happen before
8404                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
8405                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8406                                                           - Ensures that the
8407                                                             preceding
8408                                                             global/local/generic
8409                                                             load
8410                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8411                                                             with an equal or
8412                                                             wider sync scope
8413                                                             and memory ordering
8414                                                             stronger than
8415                                                             unordered (this is
8416                                                             termed the
8417                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8418                                                             has completed
8419                                                             before invalidating
8420                                                             the cache. This
8421                                                             satisfies the
8422                                                             requirements of
8423                                                             acquire.
8424                                                           - Ensures that all
8425                                                             previous memory
8426                                                             operations have
8427                                                             completed before a
8428                                                             following
8429                                                             global/local/generic
8430                                                             store
8431                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8432                                                             with an equal or
8433                                                             wider sync scope
8434                                                             and memory ordering
8435                                                             stronger than
8436                                                             unordered (this is
8437                                                             termed the
8438                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8439                                                             This satisfies the
8440                                                             requirements of
8441                                                             release.
8442
8443                                                         3.  buffer_invl2;
8444                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8445
8446                                                           - Must happen before
8447                                                             any following
8448                                                             global/generic
8449                                                             load/load
8450                                                             atomic/store/store
8451                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8452                                                           - Ensures that
8453                                                             following
8454                                                             loads will not see
8455                                                             stale L1 global data,
8456                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8457                                                             NC global data.
8458                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8459                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8460                                                             the memory probes.
8461
8462     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
8463     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8464     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8465                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
8466                                              - generic  except must generate
8467                                                         all instructions even
8468                                                         for OpenCL.*
8469     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8470                                              - generic
8471                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8472                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8473                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8474                                                             execution mode.
8475                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
8476                                                             happen after
8477                                                             preceding
8478                                                             local/generic load
8479                                                             atomic/store
8480                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8481                                                             with memory
8482                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8483                                                             and with equal or
8484                                                             wider sync scope.
8485                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8486                                                             fences have their
8487                                                             own s_waitcnt
8488                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8489                                                             not need to be
8490                                                             considered.)
8491                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8492                                                             must happen after
8493                                                             preceding
8494                                                             global/generic load
8495                                                             atomic/store
8496                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8497                                                             with memory
8498                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8499                                                             and with equal or
8500                                                             wider sync scope.
8501                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8502                                                             fences have their
8503                                                             own s_waitcnt
8504                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8505                                                             not need to be
8506                                                             considered.)
8507                                                           - Ensures any
8508                                                             preceding
8509                                                             sequential
8510                                                             consistent global/local
8511                                                             memory instructions
8512                                                             have completed
8513                                                             before executing
8514                                                             this sequentially
8515                                                             consistent
8516                                                             instruction. This
8517                                                             prevents reordering
8518                                                             a seq_cst store
8519                                                             followed by a
8520                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8521                                                             that seq_cst is
8522                                                             stronger than
8523                                                             acquire/release as
8524                                                             the reordering of
8525                                                             load acquire
8526                                                             followed by a store
8527                                                             release is
8528                                                             prevented by the
8529                                                             s_waitcnt of
8530                                                             the release, but
8531                                                             there is nothing
8532                                                             preventing a store
8533                                                             release followed by
8534                                                             load acquire from
8535                                                             completing out of
8536                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8537                                                             could be placed after
8538                                                             seq_store or before
8539                                                             the seq_load. We
8540                                                             choose the load to
8541                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8542                                                             as late as possible
8543                                                             so that the store
8544                                                             may have already
8545                                                             completed.)
8546
8547                                                         2. *Following
8548                                                            instructions same as
8549                                                            corresponding load
8550                                                            atomic acquire,
8551                                                            except must generate
8552                                                            all instructions even
8553                                                            for OpenCL.*
8554     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8555                                                         local address space cannot
8556                                                         be used.*
8557
8558                                                         *Same as corresponding
8559                                                         load atomic acquire,
8560                                                         except must generate
8561                                                         all instructions even
8562                                                         for OpenCL.*
8563
8564     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8565                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
8566
8567                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8568                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8569                                                           - Could be split into
8570                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8571                                                             vmcnt(0)
8572                                                             and s_waitcnt
8573                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8574                                                             them to be
8575                                                             independently moved
8576                                                             according to the
8577                                                             following rules.
8578                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8579                                                             must happen after
8580                                                             preceding
8581                                                             global/generic load
8582                                                             atomic/store
8583                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8584                                                             with memory
8585                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8586                                                             and with equal or
8587                                                             wider sync scope.
8588                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8589                                                             fences have their
8590                                                             own s_waitcnt
8591                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8592                                                             not need to be
8593                                                             considered.)
8594                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8595                                                             must happen after
8596                                                             preceding
8597                                                             global/generic load
8598                                                             atomic/store
8599                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8600                                                             with memory
8601                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8602                                                             and with equal or
8603                                                             wider sync scope.
8604                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8605                                                             fences have their
8606                                                             own s_waitcnt
8607                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8608                                                             not need to be
8609                                                             considered.)
8610                                                           - Ensures any
8611                                                             preceding
8612                                                             sequential
8613                                                             consistent global
8614                                                             memory instructions
8615                                                             have completed
8616                                                             before executing
8617                                                             this sequentially
8618                                                             consistent
8619                                                             instruction. This
8620                                                             prevents reordering
8621                                                             a seq_cst store
8622                                                             followed by a
8623                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8624                                                             that seq_cst is
8625                                                             stronger than
8626                                                             acquire/release as
8627                                                             the reordering of
8628                                                             load acquire
8629                                                             followed by a store
8630                                                             release is
8631                                                             prevented by the
8632                                                             s_waitcnt of
8633                                                             the release, but
8634                                                             there is nothing
8635                                                             preventing a store
8636                                                             release followed by
8637                                                             load acquire from
8638                                                             completing out of
8639                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8640                                                             could be placed after
8641                                                             seq_store or before
8642                                                             the seq_load. We
8643                                                             choose the load to
8644                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8645                                                             as late as possible
8646                                                             so that the store
8647                                                             may have already
8648                                                             completed.)
8649
8650                                                         2. *Following
8651                                                            instructions same as
8652                                                            corresponding load
8653                                                            atomic acquire,
8654                                                            except must generate
8655                                                            all instructions even
8656                                                            for OpenCL.*
8657     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8658                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
8659                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8660                               - agent                   all instructions even
8661                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8662     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8663                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
8664                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8665                               - agent                   all instructions even
8666                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8667     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
8668                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
8669                               - workgroup               except must generate
8670                               - agent                   all instructions even
8671                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8672     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8673
8674.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940:
8675
8676Memory Model GFX940
8677+++++++++++++++++++
8678
8679For GFX940:
8680
8681* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
8682* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
8683* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
8684* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
8685  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
8686  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
8687* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
8688  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
8689  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
8690* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
8691  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
8692  execution order.
8693* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
8694  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
8695  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
8696  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
8697  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
8698  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
8699  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
8700  operations performed by the same wavefront.
8701* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
8702  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
8703  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
8704  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
8705  global memory.
8706* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
8707  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
8708
8709  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
8710    wavefront.
8711
8712  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
8713    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
8714    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
8715    different CUs and so a ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required which will invalidate
8716    the L1 cache.
8717
8718  * A ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required to invalidate the L1 cache for coherence
8719    between wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be
8720    executing on different CUs.
8721
8722  * Atomic read-modify-write instructions implicitly bypass the L1 cache.
8723    Therefore, they do not use the sc0 bit for coherence and instead use it to
8724    indicate if the instruction returns the original value being updated. They
8725    do use sc1 to indicate system or agent scope coherence.
8726
8727* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
8728  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
8729  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
8730  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8731* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache.
8732
8733  * The gfx940 can be configured as a number of smaller agents with each having
8734    a single L2 shared by all CUs on the same agent, or as fewer (possibly one)
8735    larger agents with groups of CUs on each agent each sharing separate L2
8736    caches.
8737  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
8738    addresses.
8739  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel for its associated L2.
8740    Therefore, the vector and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts
8741    executing with different L1 caches and the same L2 cache can be reordered
8742    relative to each other.
8743  * A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between
8744    vector memory operations of different CUs. It ensures a previous vector
8745    memory operation has completed before executing a subsequent vector memory
8746    or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the requirements of acquire and
8747    release.
8748  * An L2 cache can be kept coherent with other L2 caches by using the MTYPE RW
8749    (read-write) for memory local to the L2, and MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
8750    the PTE C-bit set for memory not local to the L2.
8751
8752    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
8753      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
8754      the cache probe caused by the PTE C-bit.
8755    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
8756      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
8757      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter.
8758    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs with different L1 caches
8759      in the same agent a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It does nothing if the
8760      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will writeback dirty L2 cache
8761      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8762    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs in different agents a
8763      ``buffer_wbl2 sc1`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2 cache lines.
8764    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs with different L1 caches
8765      in the same agent a ``buffer_inv sc1`` is required. It does nothing if the
8766      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will invalidate non-local L2
8767      cache lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8768    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs in different agents a
8769      ``buffer_inv sc0 sc1`` is required. It will invalidate non-local L2 cache
8770      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8771
8772  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU can be kept coherent by using the MTYPE
8773    UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
8774
8775Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
8776change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
8777address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
8778Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
8779ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
8780invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
8781may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
8782:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8783
8784The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
8785case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
8786accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
8787then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
8788return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
8789future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
8790creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
8791``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
8792
8793For kernarg backing memory:
8794
8795* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
8796* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
8797  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
8798  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
8799  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
8800* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
8801  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
8802
8803Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
8804with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
8805only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
8806never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
8807invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
8808
8809The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX940 are defined
8810in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table`.
8811
8812  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX940
8813     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table
8814
8815     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8816     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
8817                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX940
8818                                              Space
8819     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8820     **Non-Atomic**
8821     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8822     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8823                                              - generic
8824                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
8825                                              - constant
8826                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8827
8828                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8829                                                              nt=1
8830
8831                                                         - volatile
8832
8833                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8834                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8835                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8836
8837                                                            - Must happen before
8838                                                              any following volatile
8839                                                              global/generic
8840                                                              load/store.
8841                                                            - Ensures that
8842                                                              volatile
8843                                                              operations to
8844                                                              different
8845                                                              addresses will not
8846                                                              be reordered by
8847                                                              hardware.
8848
8849     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
8850     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8851                                              - generic
8852                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
8853                                              - constant
8854                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8855
8856                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8857                                                              nt=1
8858
8859                                                         - volatile
8860
8861                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8862                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8863                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8864
8865                                                            - Must happen before
8866                                                              any following volatile
8867                                                              global/generic
8868                                                              load/store.
8869                                                            - Ensures that
8870                                                              volatile
8871                                                              operations to
8872                                                              different
8873                                                              addresses will not
8874                                                              be reordered by
8875                                                              hardware.
8876
8877     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
8878     **Unordered Atomic**
8879     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8880     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8881     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8882     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
8883     **Monotonic Atomic**
8884     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8885     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8886                               - wavefront    - generic
8887     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8888                                              - generic     sc0=1
8889     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8890                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8891                               - workgroup               be used.*
8892
8893                                                         1. ds_load
8894     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8895                                              - generic     sc1=1
8896     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8897                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8898     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8899                               - wavefront    - generic
8900     store atomic monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8901                                              - generic     sc0=1
8902     store atomic monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8903                                              - generic     sc1=1
8904     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8905                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8906     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8907                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8908                               - workgroup               be used.*
8909
8910                                                         1. ds_store
8911     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8912                               - wavefront    - generic
8913                               - workgroup
8914                               - agent
8915     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8916                                              - generic     sc1=1
8917     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8918                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8919                               - workgroup               be used.*
8920
8921                                                         1. ds_atomic
8922     **Acquire Atomic**
8923     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8924     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
8925                               - wavefront    - local
8926                                              - generic
8927     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load sc0=1
8928                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8929
8930                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8931                                                             mode, omit.
8932                                                           - Must happen before the
8933                                                             following buffer_inv.
8934
8935                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
8936
8937                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8938                                                             mode, omit.
8939                                                           - Must happen before
8940                                                             any following
8941                                                             global/generic
8942                                                             load/load
8943                                                             atomic/store/store
8944                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8945                                                           - Ensures that
8946                                                             following
8947                                                             loads will not see
8948                                                             stale data.
8949
8950     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8951                                                         local address space cannot
8952                                                         be used.*
8953
8954                                                         1. ds_load
8955                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8956
8957                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
8958                                                           - Must happen before
8959                                                             any following
8960                                                             global/generic
8961                                                             load/load
8962                                                             atomic/store/store
8963                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8964                                                           - Ensures any
8965                                                             following global
8966                                                             data read is no
8967                                                             older than the local load
8968                                                             atomic value being
8969                                                             acquired.
8970
8971     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load  sc0=1
8972                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8973
8974                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8975                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8976                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8977                                                             execution mode.
8978                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
8979                                                           - Must happen before
8980                                                             the following
8981                                                             buffer_inv and any
8982                                                             following global/generic
8983                                                             load/load
8984                                                             atomic/store/store
8985                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8986                                                           - Ensures any
8987                                                             following global
8988                                                             data read is no
8989                                                             older than a local load
8990                                                             atomic value being
8991                                                             acquired.
8992
8993                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
8994
8995                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8996                                                             mode, omit.
8997                                                           - Ensures that
8998                                                             following
8999                                                             loads will not see
9000                                                             stale data.
9001
9002     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
9003                                                            sc1=1
9004                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9005
9006                                                           - Must happen before
9007                                                             following
9008                                                             buffer_inv.
9009                                                           - Ensures the load
9010                                                             has completed
9011                                                             before invalidating
9012                                                             the cache.
9013
9014                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9015
9016                                                           - Must happen before
9017                                                             any following
9018                                                             global/generic
9019                                                             load/load
9020                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9021                                                           - Ensures that
9022                                                             following
9023                                                             loads will not see
9024                                                             stale global data.
9025
9026     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
9027                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9028                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9029
9030                                                           - Must happen before
9031                                                             following
9032                                                             buffer_inv.
9033                                                           - Ensures the load
9034                                                             has completed
9035                                                             before invalidating
9036                                                             the cache.
9037
9038                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9039
9040                                                           - Must happen before
9041                                                             any following
9042                                                             global/generic
9043                                                             load/load
9044                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9045                                                           - Ensures that
9046                                                             following
9047                                                             loads will not see
9048                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9049                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9050                                                             never be stale due to the
9051                                                             memory probes.
9052
9053     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load sc1=1
9054                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9055                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9056
9057                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9058                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9059                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9060                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9061                                                           - Must happen before
9062                                                             following
9063                                                             buffer_inv.
9064                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9065                                                             has completed
9066                                                             before invalidating
9067                                                             the cache.
9068
9069                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9070
9071                                                           - Must happen before
9072                                                             any following
9073                                                             global/generic
9074                                                             load/load
9075                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9076                                                           - Ensures that
9077                                                             following loads
9078                                                             will not see stale
9079                                                             global data.
9080
9081     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load sc0=1 sc1=1
9082                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9083                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9084
9085                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9086                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9087                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9088                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9089                                                           - Must happen before
9090                                                             the following
9091                                                             buffer_inv.
9092                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9093                                                             has completed
9094                                                             before invalidating
9095                                                             the caches.
9096
9097                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9098
9099                                                           - Must happen before
9100                                                             any following
9101                                                             global/generic
9102                                                             load/load
9103                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9104                                                           - Ensures that
9105                                                             following
9106                                                             loads will not see
9107                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9108                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9109                                                             never be stale due to the
9110                                                             memory probes.
9111
9112     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9113                               - wavefront    - generic
9114     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9115                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9116                                                         be used.*
9117
9118                                                         1. ds_atomic
9119     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9120                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9121
9122                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9123                                                             mode, omit.
9124                                                           - Must happen before the
9125                                                             following buffer_inv.
9126                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
9127                                                             has completed
9128                                                             before invalidating
9129                                                             the cache.
9130
9131                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9132
9133                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9134                                                             mode, omit.
9135                                                           - Must happen before
9136                                                             any following
9137                                                             global/generic
9138                                                             load/load
9139                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9140                                                           - Ensures that
9141                                                             following loads
9142                                                             will not see stale
9143                                                             global data.
9144
9145     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9146                                                         local address space cannot
9147                                                         be used.*
9148
9149                                                         1. ds_atomic
9150                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9151
9152                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
9153                                                           - Must happen before
9154                                                             any following
9155                                                             global/generic
9156                                                             load/load
9157                                                             atomic/store/store
9158                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9159                                                           - Ensures any
9160                                                             following global
9161                                                             data read is no
9162                                                             older than the local
9163                                                             atomicrmw value
9164                                                             being acquired.
9165
9166     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
9167                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9168
9169                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9170                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9171                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9172                                                             execution mode.
9173                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9174                                                           - Must happen before
9175                                                             the following
9176                                                             buffer_inv and
9177                                                             any following
9178                                                             global/generic
9179                                                             load/load
9180                                                             atomic/store/store
9181                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9182                                                           - Ensures any
9183                                                             following global
9184                                                             data read is no
9185                                                             older than a local
9186                                                             atomicrmw value
9187                                                             being acquired.
9188
9189                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9190
9191                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9192                                                             mode, omit.
9193                                                           - Ensures that
9194                                                             following
9195                                                             loads will not see
9196                                                             stale data.
9197
9198     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9199                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9200
9201                                                           - Must happen before
9202                                                             following
9203                                                             buffer_inv.
9204                                                           - Ensures the
9205                                                             atomicrmw has
9206                                                             completed before
9207                                                             invalidating the
9208                                                             cache.
9209
9210                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9211
9212                                                           - Must happen before
9213                                                             any following
9214                                                             global/generic
9215                                                             load/load
9216                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9217                                                           - Ensures that
9218                                                             following loads
9219                                                             will not see stale
9220                                                             global data.
9221
9222     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9223                                                            sc1=1
9224                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9225
9226                                                           - Must happen before
9227                                                             following
9228                                                             buffer_inv.
9229                                                           - Ensures the
9230                                                             atomicrmw has
9231                                                             completed before
9232                                                             invalidating the
9233                                                             caches.
9234
9235                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9236
9237                                                           - Must happen before
9238                                                             any following
9239                                                             global/generic
9240                                                             load/load
9241                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9242                                                           - Ensures that
9243                                                             following
9244                                                             loads will not see
9245                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9246                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9247                                                             never be stale due to the
9248                                                             memory probes.
9249
9250     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
9251                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9252                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9253
9254                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9255                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9256                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9257                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9258                                                           - Must happen before
9259                                                             following
9260                                                             buffer_inv.
9261                                                           - Ensures the
9262                                                             atomicrmw has
9263                                                             completed before
9264                                                             invalidating the
9265                                                             cache.
9266
9267                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9268
9269                                                           - Must happen before
9270                                                             any following
9271                                                             global/generic
9272                                                             load/load
9273                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9274                                                           - Ensures that
9275                                                             following loads
9276                                                             will not see stale
9277                                                             global data.
9278
9279     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic sc1=1
9280                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9281                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9282
9283                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9284                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9285                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9286                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9287                                                           - Must happen before
9288                                                             following
9289                                                             buffer_inv.
9290                                                           - Ensures the
9291                                                             atomicrmw has
9292                                                             completed before
9293                                                             invalidating the
9294                                                             caches.
9295
9296                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9297
9298                                                           - Must happen before
9299                                                             any following
9300                                                             global/generic
9301                                                             load/load
9302                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9303                                                           - Ensures that
9304                                                             following
9305                                                             loads will not see
9306                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9307                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9308                                                             never be stale due to the
9309                                                             memory probes.
9310
9311     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9312                               - wavefront
9313     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9314
9315                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9316                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9317                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9318                                                             execution mode.
9319                                                           - If OpenCL and
9320                                                             address space is
9321                                                             not generic, omit
9322                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9323                                                           - If OpenCL and
9324                                                             address space is
9325                                                             local, omit
9326                                                             vmcnt(0).
9327                                                           - However, since LLVM
9328                                                             currently has no
9329                                                             address space on
9330                                                             the fence need to
9331                                                             conservatively
9332                                                             always generate. If
9333                                                             fence had an
9334                                                             address space then
9335                                                             set to address
9336                                                             space of OpenCL
9337                                                             fence flag, or to
9338                                                             generic if both
9339                                                             local and global
9340                                                             flags are
9341                                                             specified.
9342                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9343                                                             must happen after
9344                                                             any preceding
9345                                                             global/generic load
9346                                                             atomic/
9347                                                             atomicrmw
9348                                                             with an equal or
9349                                                             wider sync scope
9350                                                             and memory ordering
9351                                                             stronger than
9352                                                             unordered (this is
9353                                                             termed the
9354                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9355                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9356                                                             must happen after
9357                                                             any preceding
9358                                                             local/generic load
9359                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9360                                                             with an equal or
9361                                                             wider sync scope
9362                                                             and memory ordering
9363                                                             stronger than
9364                                                             unordered (this is
9365                                                             termed the
9366                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9367                                                           - Must happen before
9368                                                             the following
9369                                                             buffer_inv and
9370                                                             any following
9371                                                             global/generic
9372                                                             load/load
9373                                                             atomic/store/store
9374                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9375                                                           - Ensures any
9376                                                             following global
9377                                                             data read is no
9378                                                             older than the
9379                                                             value read by the
9380                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9381
9382                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9383
9384                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9385                                                             mode, omit.
9386                                                           - Ensures that
9387                                                             following
9388                                                             loads will not see
9389                                                             stale data.
9390
9391     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9392                                                            vmcnt(0)
9393
9394                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9395                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9396                                                           - If OpenCL and
9397                                                             address space is
9398                                                             not generic, omit
9399                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9400                                                           - However, since LLVM
9401                                                             currently has no
9402                                                             address space on
9403                                                             the fence need to
9404                                                             conservatively
9405                                                             always generate
9406                                                             (see comment for
9407                                                             previous fence).
9408                                                           - Could be split into
9409                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9410                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9411                                                             s_waitcnt
9412                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9413                                                             them to be
9414                                                             independently moved
9415                                                             according to the
9416                                                             following rules.
9417                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9418                                                             must happen after
9419                                                             any preceding
9420                                                             global/generic load
9421                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9422                                                             with an equal or
9423                                                             wider sync scope
9424                                                             and memory ordering
9425                                                             stronger than
9426                                                             unordered (this is
9427                                                             termed the
9428                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9429                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9430                                                             must happen after
9431                                                             any preceding
9432                                                             local/generic load
9433                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9434                                                             with an equal or
9435                                                             wider sync scope
9436                                                             and memory ordering
9437                                                             stronger than
9438                                                             unordered (this is
9439                                                             termed the
9440                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9441                                                           - Must happen before
9442                                                             the following
9443                                                             buffer_inv.
9444                                                           - Ensures that the
9445                                                             fence-paired atomic
9446                                                             has completed
9447                                                             before invalidating
9448                                                             the
9449                                                             cache. Therefore
9450                                                             any following
9451                                                             locations read must
9452                                                             be no older than
9453                                                             the value read by
9454                                                             the
9455                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9456
9457                                                         2. buffer_inv sc1=1
9458
9459                                                           - Must happen before any
9460                                                             following global/generic
9461                                                             load/load
9462                                                             atomic/store/store
9463                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9464                                                           - Ensures that
9465                                                             following loads
9466                                                             will not see stale
9467                                                             global data.
9468
9469     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9470                                                            vmcnt(0)
9471
9472                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9473                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9474                                                           - If OpenCL and
9475                                                             address space is
9476                                                             not generic, omit
9477                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9478                                                           - However, since LLVM
9479                                                             currently has no
9480                                                             address space on
9481                                                             the fence need to
9482                                                             conservatively
9483                                                             always generate
9484                                                             (see comment for
9485                                                             previous fence).
9486                                                           - Could be split into
9487                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9488                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9489                                                             s_waitcnt
9490                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9491                                                             them to be
9492                                                             independently moved
9493                                                             according to the
9494                                                             following rules.
9495                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9496                                                             must happen after
9497                                                             any preceding
9498                                                             global/generic load
9499                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9500                                                             with an equal or
9501                                                             wider sync scope
9502                                                             and memory ordering
9503                                                             stronger than
9504                                                             unordered (this is
9505                                                             termed the
9506                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9507                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9508                                                             must happen after
9509                                                             any preceding
9510                                                             local/generic load
9511                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9512                                                             with an equal or
9513                                                             wider sync scope
9514                                                             and memory ordering
9515                                                             stronger than
9516                                                             unordered (this is
9517                                                             termed the
9518                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9519                                                           - Must happen before
9520                                                             the following
9521                                                             buffer_inv.
9522                                                           - Ensures that the
9523                                                             fence-paired atomic
9524                                                             has completed
9525                                                             before invalidating
9526                                                             the
9527                                                             cache. Therefore
9528                                                             any following
9529                                                             locations read must
9530                                                             be no older than
9531                                                             the value read by
9532                                                             the
9533                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9534
9535                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9536
9537                                                           - Must happen before any
9538                                                             following global/generic
9539                                                             load/load
9540                                                             atomic/store/store
9541                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9542                                                           - Ensures that
9543                                                             following loads
9544                                                             will not see stale
9545                                                             global data.
9546
9547     **Release Atomic**
9548     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9549     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
9550                               - wavefront    - generic
9551     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9552                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9553                                                         be used.*
9554
9555                                                         1. ds_store
9556     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9557                                              - generic
9558                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9559                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9560                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9561                                                             execution mode.
9562                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9563                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9564                                                             must happen after
9565                                                             any preceding
9566                                                             global/generic load/store/
9567                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9568                                                             atomicrmw.
9569                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9570                                                             must happen after
9571                                                             any preceding
9572                                                             local/generic
9573                                                             load/store/load
9574                                                             atomic/store
9575                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9576                                                           - Must happen before
9577                                                             the following
9578                                                             store.
9579                                                           - Ensures that all
9580                                                             memory operations
9581                                                             have
9582                                                             completed before
9583                                                             performing the
9584                                                             store that is being
9585                                                             released.
9586
9587                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store sc0=1
9588     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9589                                                         local address space cannot
9590                                                         be used.*
9591
9592                                                         1. ds_store
9593     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9594                                              - generic
9595                                                           - Must happen before
9596                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9597                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9598                                                             ensure previous
9599                                                             global/generic
9600                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9601                                                             visible at agent scope.
9602
9603                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9604                                                            vmcnt(0)
9605
9606                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9607                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9608                                                           - If OpenCL and
9609                                                             address space is
9610                                                             not generic, omit
9611                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9612                                                           - Could be split into
9613                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9614                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9615                                                             s_waitcnt
9616                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9617                                                             them to be
9618                                                             independently moved
9619                                                             according to the
9620                                                             following rules.
9621                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9622                                                             must happen after
9623                                                             any preceding
9624                                                             global/generic
9625                                                             load/store/load
9626                                                             atomic/store
9627                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9628                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9629                                                             must happen after
9630                                                             any preceding
9631                                                             local/generic
9632                                                             load/store/load
9633                                                             atomic/store
9634                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9635                                                           - Must happen before
9636                                                             the following
9637                                                             store.
9638                                                           - Ensures that all
9639                                                             memory operations
9640                                                             to memory have
9641                                                             completed before
9642                                                             performing the
9643                                                             store that is being
9644                                                             released.
9645
9646                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store sc1=1
9647     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9648                                              - generic
9649                                                           - Must happen before
9650                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9651                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9652                                                             ensure previous
9653                                                             global/generic
9654                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9655                                                             visible at system scope.
9656
9657                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9658                                                            vmcnt(0)
9659
9660                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9661                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9662                                                           - If OpenCL and
9663                                                             address space is
9664                                                             not generic, omit
9665                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9666                                                           - Could be split into
9667                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9668                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9669                                                             s_waitcnt
9670                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9671                                                             them to be
9672                                                             independently moved
9673                                                             according to the
9674                                                             following rules.
9675                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9676                                                             must happen after any
9677                                                             preceding
9678                                                             global/generic
9679                                                             load/store/load
9680                                                             atomic/store
9681                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9682                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9683                                                             must happen after any
9684                                                             preceding
9685                                                             local/generic
9686                                                             load/store/load
9687                                                             atomic/store
9688                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9689                                                           - Must happen before
9690                                                             the following
9691                                                             store.
9692                                                           - Ensures that all
9693                                                             memory operations
9694                                                             to memory and the L2
9695                                                             writeback have
9696                                                             completed before
9697                                                             performing the
9698                                                             store that is being
9699                                                             released.
9700
9701                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
9702                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9703     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9704                               - wavefront    - generic
9705     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9706                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9707                                                         be used.*
9708
9709                                                         1. ds_atomic
9710     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9711                                              - generic
9712                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9713                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9714                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9715                                                             execution mode.
9716                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9717                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9718                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9719                                                             must happen after
9720                                                             any preceding
9721                                                             global/generic load/store/
9722                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9723                                                             atomicrmw.
9724                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9725                                                             must happen after
9726                                                             any preceding
9727                                                             local/generic
9728                                                             load/store/load
9729                                                             atomic/store
9730                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9731                                                           - Must happen before
9732                                                             the following
9733                                                             atomicrmw.
9734                                                           - Ensures that all
9735                                                             memory operations
9736                                                             have
9737                                                             completed before
9738                                                             performing the
9739                                                             atomicrmw that is
9740                                                             being released.
9741
9742                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc0=1
9743     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9744                                                         local address space cannot
9745                                                         be used.*
9746
9747                                                         1. ds_atomic
9748     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9749                                              - generic
9750                                                           - Must happen before
9751                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9752                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9753                                                             ensure previous
9754                                                             global/generic
9755                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9756                                                             visible at agent scope.
9757
9758                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9759                                                            vmcnt(0)
9760
9761                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9762                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9763                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9764                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9765                                                           - Could be split into
9766                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9767                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9768                                                             s_waitcnt
9769                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9770                                                             them to be
9771                                                             independently moved
9772                                                             according to the
9773                                                             following rules.
9774                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9775                                                             must happen after
9776                                                             any preceding
9777                                                             global/generic
9778                                                             load/store/load
9779                                                             atomic/store
9780                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9781                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9782                                                             must happen after
9783                                                             any preceding
9784                                                             local/generic
9785                                                             load/store/load
9786                                                             atomic/store
9787                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9788                                                           - Must happen before
9789                                                             the following
9790                                                             atomicrmw.
9791                                                           - Ensures that all
9792                                                             memory operations
9793                                                             to global and local
9794                                                             have completed
9795                                                             before performing
9796                                                             the atomicrmw that
9797                                                             is being released.
9798
9799                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc1=1
9800     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9801                                              - generic
9802                                                           - Must happen before
9803                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9804                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9805                                                             ensure previous
9806                                                             global/generic
9807                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9808                                                             visible at system scope.
9809
9810                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9811                                                            vmcnt(0)
9812
9813                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9814                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9815                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9816                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9817                                                           - Could be split into
9818                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9819                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9820                                                             s_waitcnt
9821                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9822                                                             them to be
9823                                                             independently moved
9824                                                             according to the
9825                                                             following rules.
9826                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9827                                                             must happen after
9828                                                             any preceding
9829                                                             global/generic
9830                                                             load/store/load
9831                                                             atomic/store
9832                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9833                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9834                                                             must happen after
9835                                                             any preceding
9836                                                             local/generic
9837                                                             load/store/load
9838                                                             atomic/store
9839                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9840                                                           - Must happen before
9841                                                             the following
9842                                                             atomicrmw.
9843                                                           - Ensures that all
9844                                                             memory operations
9845                                                             to memory and the L2
9846                                                             writeback have
9847                                                             completed before
9848                                                             performing the
9849                                                             store that is being
9850                                                             released.
9851
9852                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9853                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9854     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9855                               - wavefront
9856     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9857
9858                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9859                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9860                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9861                                                             execution mode.
9862                                                           - If OpenCL and
9863                                                             address space is
9864                                                             not generic, omit
9865                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9866                                                           - If OpenCL and
9867                                                             address space is
9868                                                             local, omit
9869                                                             vmcnt(0).
9870                                                           - However, since LLVM
9871                                                             currently has no
9872                                                             address space on
9873                                                             the fence need to
9874                                                             conservatively
9875                                                             always generate. If
9876                                                             fence had an
9877                                                             address space then
9878                                                             set to address
9879                                                             space of OpenCL
9880                                                             fence flag, or to
9881                                                             generic if both
9882                                                             local and global
9883                                                             flags are
9884                                                             specified.
9885                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9886                                                             must happen after
9887                                                             any preceding
9888                                                             global/generic
9889                                                             load/store/
9890                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9891                                                             atomicrmw.
9892                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9893                                                             must happen after
9894                                                             any preceding
9895                                                             local/generic
9896                                                             load/load
9897                                                             atomic/store/store
9898                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9899                                                           - Must happen before
9900                                                             any following store
9901                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9902                                                             with an equal or
9903                                                             wider sync scope
9904                                                             and memory ordering
9905                                                             stronger than
9906                                                             unordered (this is
9907                                                             termed the
9908                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9909                                                           - Ensures that all
9910                                                             memory operations
9911                                                             have
9912                                                             completed before
9913                                                             performing the
9914                                                             following
9915                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9916
9917     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9918
9919                                                           - If OpenCL and
9920                                                             address space is
9921                                                             local, omit.
9922                                                           - Must happen before
9923                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9924                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9925                                                             ensure previous
9926                                                             global/generic
9927                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9928                                                             visible at agent scope.
9929
9930                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9931                                                            vmcnt(0)
9932
9933                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9934                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9935                                                           - If OpenCL and
9936                                                             address space is
9937                                                             not generic, omit
9938                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9939                                                           - If OpenCL and
9940                                                             address space is
9941                                                             local, omit
9942                                                             vmcnt(0).
9943                                                           - However, since LLVM
9944                                                             currently has no
9945                                                             address space on
9946                                                             the fence need to
9947                                                             conservatively
9948                                                             always generate. If
9949                                                             fence had an
9950                                                             address space then
9951                                                             set to address
9952                                                             space of OpenCL
9953                                                             fence flag, or to
9954                                                             generic if both
9955                                                             local and global
9956                                                             flags are
9957                                                             specified.
9958                                                           - Could be split into
9959                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9960                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9961                                                             s_waitcnt
9962                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9963                                                             them to be
9964                                                             independently moved
9965                                                             according to the
9966                                                             following rules.
9967                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9968                                                             must happen after
9969                                                             any preceding
9970                                                             global/generic
9971                                                             load/store/load
9972                                                             atomic/store
9973                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9974                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9975                                                             must happen after
9976                                                             any preceding
9977                                                             local/generic
9978                                                             load/store/load
9979                                                             atomic/store
9980                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9981                                                           - Must happen before
9982                                                             any following store
9983                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9984                                                             with an equal or
9985                                                             wider sync scope
9986                                                             and memory ordering
9987                                                             stronger than
9988                                                             unordered (this is
9989                                                             termed the
9990                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9991                                                           - Ensures that all
9992                                                             memory operations
9993                                                             have
9994                                                             completed before
9995                                                             performing the
9996                                                             following
9997                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9998
9999     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10000
10001                                                           - Must happen before
10002                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10003                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10004                                                             ensure previous
10005                                                             global/generic
10006                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10007                                                             visible at system scope.
10008
10009                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10010                                                            vmcnt(0)
10011
10012                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10013                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10014                                                           - If OpenCL and
10015                                                             address space is
10016                                                             not generic, omit
10017                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10018                                                           - If OpenCL and
10019                                                             address space is
10020                                                             local, omit
10021                                                             vmcnt(0).
10022                                                           - However, since LLVM
10023                                                             currently has no
10024                                                             address space on
10025                                                             the fence need to
10026                                                             conservatively
10027                                                             always generate. If
10028                                                             fence had an
10029                                                             address space then
10030                                                             set to address
10031                                                             space of OpenCL
10032                                                             fence flag, or to
10033                                                             generic if both
10034                                                             local and global
10035                                                             flags are
10036                                                             specified.
10037                                                           - Could be split into
10038                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10039                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10040                                                             s_waitcnt
10041                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10042                                                             them to be
10043                                                             independently moved
10044                                                             according to the
10045                                                             following rules.
10046                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10047                                                             must happen after
10048                                                             any preceding
10049                                                             global/generic
10050                                                             load/store/load
10051                                                             atomic/store
10052                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10053                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10054                                                             must happen after
10055                                                             any preceding
10056                                                             local/generic
10057                                                             load/store/load
10058                                                             atomic/store
10059                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10060                                                           - Must happen before
10061                                                             any following store
10062                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10063                                                             with an equal or
10064                                                             wider sync scope
10065                                                             and memory ordering
10066                                                             stronger than
10067                                                             unordered (this is
10068                                                             termed the
10069                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
10070                                                           - Ensures that all
10071                                                             memory operations
10072                                                             have
10073                                                             completed before
10074                                                             performing the
10075                                                             following
10076                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
10077
10078     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
10079     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10080     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
10081                               - wavefront    - generic
10082     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10083                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
10084                                                         be used.*
10085
10086                                                         1. ds_atomic
10087     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10088
10089                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10090                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10091                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10092                                                             execution mode.
10093                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10094                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10095                                                           - Must happen after
10096                                                             any preceding
10097                                                             local/generic
10098                                                             load/store/load
10099                                                             atomic/store
10100                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10101                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10102                                                             must happen after
10103                                                             any preceding
10104                                                             global/generic load/store/
10105                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10106                                                             atomicrmw.
10107                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10108                                                             must happen after
10109                                                             any preceding
10110                                                             local/generic
10111                                                             load/store/load
10112                                                             atomic/store
10113                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10114                                                           - Must happen before
10115                                                             the following
10116                                                             atomicrmw.
10117                                                           - Ensures that all
10118                                                             memory operations
10119                                                             have
10120                                                             completed before
10121                                                             performing the
10122                                                             atomicrmw that is
10123                                                             being released.
10124
10125                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
10126                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10127
10128                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10129                                                             mode, omit.
10130                                                           - Must happen before
10131                                                             the following
10132                                                             buffer_inv.
10133                                                           - Ensures any
10134                                                             following global
10135                                                             data read is no
10136                                                             older than the
10137                                                             atomicrmw value
10138                                                             being acquired.
10139
10140                                                         4. buffer_inv sc0=1
10141
10142                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10143                                                             mode, omit.
10144                                                           - Ensures that
10145                                                             following
10146                                                             loads will not see
10147                                                             stale data.
10148
10149     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10150                                                         local address space cannot
10151                                                         be used.*
10152
10153                                                         1. ds_atomic
10154                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10155
10156                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
10157                                                           - Must happen before
10158                                                             any following
10159                                                             global/generic
10160                                                             load/load
10161                                                             atomic/store/store
10162                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10163                                                           - Ensures any
10164                                                             following global
10165                                                             data read is no
10166                                                             older than the local load
10167                                                             atomic value being
10168                                                             acquired.
10169
10170     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10171
10172                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10173                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10174                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10175                                                             execution mode.
10176                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10177                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10178                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10179                                                             must happen after
10180                                                             any preceding
10181                                                             global/generic load/store/
10182                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10183                                                             atomicrmw.
10184                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10185                                                             must happen after
10186                                                             any preceding
10187                                                             local/generic
10188                                                             load/store/load
10189                                                             atomic/store
10190                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10191                                                           - Must happen before
10192                                                             the following
10193                                                             atomicrmw.
10194                                                           - Ensures that all
10195                                                             memory operations
10196                                                             have
10197                                                             completed before
10198                                                             performing the
10199                                                             atomicrmw that is
10200                                                             being released.
10201
10202                                                         2. flat_atomic
10203                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10204                                                            vmcnt(0)
10205
10206                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10207                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
10208                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10209                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10210                                                           - Must happen before
10211                                                             the following
10212                                                             buffer_inv and
10213                                                             any following
10214                                                             global/generic
10215                                                             load/load
10216                                                             atomic/store/store
10217                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10218                                                           - Ensures any
10219                                                             following global
10220                                                             data read is no
10221                                                             older than a local load
10222                                                             atomic value being
10223                                                             acquired.
10224
10225                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10226
10227                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10228                                                             mode, omit.
10229                                                           - Ensures that
10230                                                             following
10231                                                             loads will not see
10232                                                             stale data.
10233
10234     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10235
10236                                                           - Must happen before
10237                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10238                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10239                                                             ensure previous
10240                                                             global/generic
10241                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10242                                                             visible at agent scope.
10243
10244                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10245                                                            vmcnt(0)
10246
10247                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10248                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10249                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10250                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10251                                                           - Could be split into
10252                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10253                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10254                                                             s_waitcnt
10255                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10256                                                             them to be
10257                                                             independently moved
10258                                                             according to the
10259                                                             following rules.
10260                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10261                                                             must happen after
10262                                                             any preceding
10263                                                             global/generic
10264                                                             load/store/load
10265                                                             atomic/store
10266                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10267                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10268                                                             must happen after
10269                                                             any preceding
10270                                                             local/generic
10271                                                             load/store/load
10272                                                             atomic/store
10273                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10274                                                           - Must happen before
10275                                                             the following
10276                                                             atomicrmw.
10277                                                           - Ensures that all
10278                                                             memory operations
10279                                                             to global have
10280                                                             completed before
10281                                                             performing the
10282                                                             atomicrmw that is
10283                                                             being released.
10284
10285                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10286                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10287
10288                                                           - Must happen before
10289                                                             following
10290                                                             buffer_inv.
10291                                                           - Ensures the
10292                                                             atomicrmw has
10293                                                             completed before
10294                                                             invalidating the
10295                                                             cache.
10296
10297                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10298
10299                                                           - Must happen before
10300                                                             any following
10301                                                             global/generic
10302                                                             load/load
10303                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10304                                                           - Ensures that
10305                                                             following loads
10306                                                             will not see stale
10307                                                             global data.
10308
10309     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10310
10311                                                           - Must happen before
10312                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10313                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10314                                                             ensure previous
10315                                                             global/generic
10316                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10317                                                             visible at system scope.
10318
10319                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10320                                                            vmcnt(0)
10321
10322                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10323                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10324                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10325                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10326                                                           - Could be split into
10327                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10328                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10329                                                             s_waitcnt
10330                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10331                                                             them to be
10332                                                             independently moved
10333                                                             according to the
10334                                                             following rules.
10335                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10336                                                             must happen after
10337                                                             any preceding
10338                                                             global/generic
10339                                                             load/store/load
10340                                                             atomic/store
10341                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10342                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10343                                                             must happen after
10344                                                             any preceding
10345                                                             local/generic
10346                                                             load/store/load
10347                                                             atomic/store
10348                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10349                                                           - Must happen before
10350                                                             the following
10351                                                             atomicrmw.
10352                                                           - Ensures that all
10353                                                             memory operations
10354                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10355                                                             have completed before
10356                                                             performing the
10357                                                             atomicrmw that is
10358                                                             being released.
10359
10360                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10361                                                            sc1=1
10362                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10363
10364                                                           - Must happen before
10365                                                             following
10366                                                             buffer_inv.
10367                                                           - Ensures the
10368                                                             atomicrmw has
10369                                                             completed before
10370                                                             invalidating the
10371                                                             caches.
10372
10373                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10374
10375                                                           - Must happen before
10376                                                             any following
10377                                                             global/generic
10378                                                             load/load
10379                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10380                                                           - Ensures that
10381                                                             following loads
10382                                                             will not see stale
10383                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10384                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10385                                                             never be stale due to the
10386                                                             memory probes.
10387
10388     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10389
10390                                                           - Must happen before
10391                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10392                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10393                                                             ensure previous
10394                                                             global/generic
10395                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10396                                                             visible at agent scope.
10397
10398                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10399                                                            vmcnt(0)
10400
10401                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10402                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10403                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10404                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10405                                                           - Could be split into
10406                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10407                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10408                                                             s_waitcnt
10409                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10410                                                             them to be
10411                                                             independently moved
10412                                                             according to the
10413                                                             following rules.
10414                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10415                                                             must happen after
10416                                                             any preceding
10417                                                             global/generic
10418                                                             load/store/load
10419                                                             atomic/store
10420                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10421                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10422                                                             must happen after
10423                                                             any preceding
10424                                                             local/generic
10425                                                             load/store/load
10426                                                             atomic/store
10427                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10428                                                           - Must happen before
10429                                                             the following
10430                                                             atomicrmw.
10431                                                           - Ensures that all
10432                                                             memory operations
10433                                                             to global have
10434                                                             completed before
10435                                                             performing the
10436                                                             atomicrmw that is
10437                                                             being released.
10438
10439                                                         3. flat_atomic
10440                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10441                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10442
10443                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10444                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10445                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10446                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10447                                                           - Must happen before
10448                                                             following
10449                                                             buffer_inv.
10450                                                           - Ensures the
10451                                                             atomicrmw has
10452                                                             completed before
10453                                                             invalidating the
10454                                                             cache.
10455
10456                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10457
10458                                                           - Must happen before
10459                                                             any following
10460                                                             global/generic
10461                                                             load/load
10462                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10463                                                           - Ensures that
10464                                                             following loads
10465                                                             will not see stale
10466                                                             global data.
10467
10468     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10469
10470                                                           - Must happen before
10471                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10472                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10473                                                             ensure previous
10474                                                             global/generic
10475                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10476                                                             visible at system scope.
10477
10478                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10479                                                            vmcnt(0)
10480
10481                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10482                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10483                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10484                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10485                                                           - Could be split into
10486                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10487                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10488                                                             s_waitcnt
10489                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10490                                                             them to be
10491                                                             independently moved
10492                                                             according to the
10493                                                             following rules.
10494                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10495                                                             must happen after
10496                                                             any preceding
10497                                                             global/generic
10498                                                             load/store/load
10499                                                             atomic/store
10500                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10501                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10502                                                             must happen after
10503                                                             any preceding
10504                                                             local/generic
10505                                                             load/store/load
10506                                                             atomic/store
10507                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10508                                                           - Must happen before
10509                                                             the following
10510                                                             atomicrmw.
10511                                                           - Ensures that all
10512                                                             memory operations
10513                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10514                                                             have completed before
10515                                                             performing the
10516                                                             atomicrmw that is
10517                                                             being released.
10518
10519                                                         3. flat_atomic sc1=1
10520                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10521                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10522
10523                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10524                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10525                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10526                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10527                                                           - Must happen before
10528                                                             following
10529                                                             buffer_inv.
10530                                                           - Ensures the
10531                                                             atomicrmw has
10532                                                             completed before
10533                                                             invalidating the
10534                                                             caches.
10535
10536                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10537
10538                                                           - Must happen before
10539                                                             any following
10540                                                             global/generic
10541                                                             load/load
10542                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10543                                                           - Ensures that
10544                                                             following loads
10545                                                             will not see stale
10546                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10547                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10548                                                             never be stale due to the
10549                                                             memory probes.
10550
10551     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
10552                               - wavefront
10553     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10554
10555                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10556                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10557                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10558                                                             execution mode.
10559                                                           - If OpenCL and
10560                                                             address space is
10561                                                             not generic, omit
10562                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10563                                                           - If OpenCL and
10564                                                             address space is
10565                                                             local, omit
10566                                                             vmcnt(0).
10567                                                           - However,
10568                                                             since LLVM
10569                                                             currently has no
10570                                                             address space on
10571                                                             the fence need to
10572                                                             conservatively
10573                                                             always generate
10574                                                             (see comment for
10575                                                             previous fence).
10576                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10577                                                             must happen after
10578                                                             any preceding
10579                                                             global/generic
10580                                                             load/store/
10581                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10582                                                             atomicrmw.
10583                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10584                                                             must happen after
10585                                                             any preceding
10586                                                             local/generic
10587                                                             load/load
10588                                                             atomic/store/store
10589                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10590                                                           - Must happen before
10591                                                             any following
10592                                                             global/generic
10593                                                             load/load
10594                                                             atomic/store/store
10595                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10596                                                           - Ensures that all
10597                                                             memory operations
10598                                                             have
10599                                                             completed before
10600                                                             performing any
10601                                                             following global
10602                                                             memory operations.
10603                                                           - Ensures that the
10604                                                             preceding
10605                                                             local/generic load
10606                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10607                                                             with an equal or
10608                                                             wider sync scope
10609                                                             and memory ordering
10610                                                             stronger than
10611                                                             unordered (this is
10612                                                             termed the
10613                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10614                                                             has completed
10615                                                             before following
10616                                                             global memory
10617                                                             operations. This
10618                                                             satisfies the
10619                                                             requirements of
10620                                                             acquire.
10621                                                           - Ensures that all
10622                                                             previous memory
10623                                                             operations have
10624                                                             completed before a
10625                                                             following
10626                                                             local/generic store
10627                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10628                                                             with an equal or
10629                                                             wider sync scope
10630                                                             and memory ordering
10631                                                             stronger than
10632                                                             unordered (this is
10633                                                             termed the
10634                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10635                                                             This satisfies the
10636                                                             requirements of
10637                                                             release.
10638                                                           - Must happen before
10639                                                             the following
10640                                                             buffer_inv.
10641                                                           - Ensures that the
10642                                                             acquire-fence-paired
10643                                                             atomic has completed
10644                                                             before invalidating
10645                                                             the
10646                                                             cache. Therefore
10647                                                             any following
10648                                                             locations read must
10649                                                             be no older than
10650                                                             the value read by
10651                                                             the
10652                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
10653
10654                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10655
10656                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10657                                                             mode, omit.
10658                                                           - Ensures that
10659                                                             following
10660                                                             loads will not see
10661                                                             stale data.
10662
10663     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10664
10665                                                           - If OpenCL and
10666                                                             address space is
10667                                                             local, omit.
10668                                                           - Must happen before
10669                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10670                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10671                                                             ensure previous
10672                                                             global/generic
10673                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10674                                                             visible at agent scope.
10675
10676                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10677                                                            vmcnt(0)
10678
10679                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10680                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10681                                                           - If OpenCL and
10682                                                             address space is
10683                                                             not generic, omit
10684                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10685                                                           - However, since LLVM
10686                                                             currently has no
10687                                                             address space on
10688                                                             the fence need to
10689                                                             conservatively
10690                                                             always generate
10691                                                             (see comment for
10692                                                             previous fence).
10693                                                           - Could be split into
10694                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10695                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10696                                                             s_waitcnt
10697                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10698                                                             them to be
10699                                                             independently moved
10700                                                             according to the
10701                                                             following rules.
10702                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10703                                                             must happen after
10704                                                             any preceding
10705                                                             global/generic
10706                                                             load/store/load
10707                                                             atomic/store
10708                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10709                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10710                                                             must happen after
10711                                                             any preceding
10712                                                             local/generic
10713                                                             load/store/load
10714                                                             atomic/store
10715                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10716                                                           - Must happen before
10717                                                             the following
10718                                                             buffer_inv.
10719                                                           - Ensures that the
10720                                                             preceding
10721                                                             global/local/generic
10722                                                             load
10723                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10724                                                             with an equal or
10725                                                             wider sync scope
10726                                                             and memory ordering
10727                                                             stronger than
10728                                                             unordered (this is
10729                                                             termed the
10730                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10731                                                             has completed
10732                                                             before invalidating
10733                                                             the cache. This
10734                                                             satisfies the
10735                                                             requirements of
10736                                                             acquire.
10737                                                           - Ensures that all
10738                                                             previous memory
10739                                                             operations have
10740                                                             completed before a
10741                                                             following
10742                                                             global/local/generic
10743                                                             store
10744                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10745                                                             with an equal or
10746                                                             wider sync scope
10747                                                             and memory ordering
10748                                                             stronger than
10749                                                             unordered (this is
10750                                                             termed the
10751                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10752                                                             This satisfies the
10753                                                             requirements of
10754                                                             release.
10755
10756                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
10757
10758                                                           - Must happen before
10759                                                             any following
10760                                                             global/generic
10761                                                             load/load
10762                                                             atomic/store/store
10763                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10764                                                           - Ensures that
10765                                                             following loads
10766                                                             will not see stale
10767                                                             global data. This
10768                                                             satisfies the
10769                                                             requirements of
10770                                                             acquire.
10771
10772     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10773
10774                                                           - If OpenCL and
10775                                                             address space is
10776                                                             local, omit.
10777                                                           - Must happen before
10778                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10779                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10780                                                             ensure previous
10781                                                             global/generic
10782                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10783                                                             visible at system scope.
10784
10785                                                         1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10786                                                            vmcnt(0)
10787
10788                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10789                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10790                                                           - If OpenCL and
10791                                                             address space is
10792                                                             not generic, omit
10793                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10794                                                           - However, since LLVM
10795                                                             currently has no
10796                                                             address space on
10797                                                             the fence need to
10798                                                             conservatively
10799                                                             always generate
10800                                                             (see comment for
10801                                                             previous fence).
10802                                                           - Could be split into
10803                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10804                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10805                                                             s_waitcnt
10806                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10807                                                             them to be
10808                                                             independently moved
10809                                                             according to the
10810                                                             following rules.
10811                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10812                                                             must happen after
10813                                                             any preceding
10814                                                             global/generic
10815                                                             load/store/load
10816                                                             atomic/store
10817                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10818                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10819                                                             must happen after
10820                                                             any preceding
10821                                                             local/generic
10822                                                             load/store/load
10823                                                             atomic/store
10824                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10825                                                           - Must happen before
10826                                                             the following
10827                                                             buffer_inv.
10828                                                           - Ensures that the
10829                                                             preceding
10830                                                             global/local/generic
10831                                                             load
10832                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10833                                                             with an equal or
10834                                                             wider sync scope
10835                                                             and memory ordering
10836                                                             stronger than
10837                                                             unordered (this is
10838                                                             termed the
10839                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10840                                                             has completed
10841                                                             before invalidating
10842                                                             the cache. This
10843                                                             satisfies the
10844                                                             requirements of
10845                                                             acquire.
10846                                                           - Ensures that all
10847                                                             previous memory
10848                                                             operations have
10849                                                             completed before a
10850                                                             following
10851                                                             global/local/generic
10852                                                             store
10853                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10854                                                             with an equal or
10855                                                             wider sync scope
10856                                                             and memory ordering
10857                                                             stronger than
10858                                                             unordered (this is
10859                                                             termed the
10860                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10861                                                             This satisfies the
10862                                                             requirements of
10863                                                             release.
10864
10865                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10866
10867                                                           - Must happen before
10868                                                             any following
10869                                                             global/generic
10870                                                             load/load
10871                                                             atomic/store/store
10872                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10873                                                           - Ensures that
10874                                                             following loads
10875                                                             will not see stale
10876                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10877                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10878                                                             never be stale due to the
10879                                                             memory probes.
10880
10881     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
10882     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10883     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
10884                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
10885                                              - generic  except must generate
10886                                                         all instructions even
10887                                                         for OpenCL.*
10888     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10889                                              - generic
10890                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10891                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10892                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10893                                                             execution mode.
10894                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
10895                                                             happen after
10896                                                             preceding
10897                                                             local/generic load
10898                                                             atomic/store
10899                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10900                                                             with memory
10901                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10902                                                             and with equal or
10903                                                             wider sync scope.
10904                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10905                                                             fences have their
10906                                                             own s_waitcnt
10907                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
10908                                                             not need to be
10909                                                             considered.)
10910                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10911                                                             must happen after
10912                                                             preceding
10913                                                             global/generic load
10914                                                             atomic/store
10915                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10916                                                             with memory
10917                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10918                                                             and with equal or
10919                                                             wider sync scope.
10920                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10921                                                             fences have their
10922                                                             own s_waitcnt
10923                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
10924                                                             not need to be
10925                                                             considered.)
10926                                                           - Ensures any
10927                                                             preceding
10928                                                             sequential
10929                                                             consistent global/local
10930                                                             memory instructions
10931                                                             have completed
10932                                                             before executing
10933                                                             this sequentially
10934                                                             consistent
10935                                                             instruction. This
10936                                                             prevents reordering
10937                                                             a seq_cst store
10938                                                             followed by a
10939                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
10940                                                             that seq_cst is
10941                                                             stronger than
10942                                                             acquire/release as
10943                                                             the reordering of
10944                                                             load acquire
10945                                                             followed by a store
10946                                                             release is
10947                                                             prevented by the
10948                                                             s_waitcnt of
10949                                                             the release, but
10950                                                             there is nothing
10951                                                             preventing a store
10952                                                             release followed by
10953                                                             load acquire from
10954                                                             completing out of
10955                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
10956                                                             could be placed after
10957                                                             seq_store or before
10958                                                             the seq_load. We
10959                                                             choose the load to
10960                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
10961                                                             as late as possible
10962                                                             so that the store
10963                                                             may have already
10964                                                             completed.)
10965
10966                                                         2. *Following
10967                                                            instructions same as
10968                                                            corresponding load
10969                                                            atomic acquire,
10970                                                            except must generate
10971                                                            all instructions even
10972                                                            for OpenCL.*
10973     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10974                                                         local address space cannot
10975                                                         be used.*
10976
10977                                                         *Same as corresponding
10978                                                         load atomic acquire,
10979                                                         except must generate
10980                                                         all instructions even
10981                                                         for OpenCL.*
10982
10983     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10984                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
10985
10986                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10987                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10988                                                           - Could be split into
10989                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10990                                                             vmcnt(0)
10991                                                             and s_waitcnt
10992                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10993                                                             them to be
10994                                                             independently moved
10995                                                             according to the
10996                                                             following rules.
10997                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10998                                                             must happen after
10999                                                             preceding
11000                                                             global/generic load
11001                                                             atomic/store
11002                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11003                                                             with memory
11004                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11005                                                             and with equal or
11006                                                             wider sync scope.
11007                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11008                                                             fences have their
11009                                                             own s_waitcnt
11010                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
11011                                                             not need to be
11012                                                             considered.)
11013                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11014                                                             must happen after
11015                                                             preceding
11016                                                             global/generic load
11017                                                             atomic/store
11018                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11019                                                             with memory
11020                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11021                                                             and with equal or
11022                                                             wider sync scope.
11023                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11024                                                             fences have their
11025                                                             own s_waitcnt
11026                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
11027                                                             not need to be
11028                                                             considered.)
11029                                                           - Ensures any
11030                                                             preceding
11031                                                             sequential
11032                                                             consistent global
11033                                                             memory instructions
11034                                                             have completed
11035                                                             before executing
11036                                                             this sequentially
11037                                                             consistent
11038                                                             instruction. This
11039                                                             prevents reordering
11040                                                             a seq_cst store
11041                                                             followed by a
11042                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
11043                                                             that seq_cst is
11044                                                             stronger than
11045                                                             acquire/release as
11046                                                             the reordering of
11047                                                             load acquire
11048                                                             followed by a store
11049                                                             release is
11050                                                             prevented by the
11051                                                             s_waitcnt of
11052                                                             the release, but
11053                                                             there is nothing
11054                                                             preventing a store
11055                                                             release followed by
11056                                                             load acquire from
11057                                                             completing out of
11058                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
11059                                                             could be placed after
11060                                                             seq_store or before
11061                                                             the seq_load. We
11062                                                             choose the load to
11063                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
11064                                                             as late as possible
11065                                                             so that the store
11066                                                             may have already
11067                                                             completed.)
11068
11069                                                         2. *Following
11070                                                            instructions same as
11071                                                            corresponding load
11072                                                            atomic acquire,
11073                                                            except must generate
11074                                                            all instructions even
11075                                                            for OpenCL.*
11076     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11077                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
11078                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11079                               - agent                   all instructions even
11080                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11081     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11082                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
11083                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11084                               - agent                   all instructions even
11085                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11086     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
11087                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
11088                               - workgroup               except must generate
11089                               - agent                   all instructions even
11090                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11091     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11092
11093.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10:
11094
11095Memory Model GFX10
11096++++++++++++++++++
11097
11098For GFX10:
11099
11100* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
11101* Each SA has multiple work-group processors (WGP).
11102* Each WGP has multiple compute units (CU).
11103* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
11104* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same
11105  WGP. In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts may be executed by
11106  different SIMDs in the same CU. In WGP wavefront execution mode the
11107  wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs in the same
11108  WGP.
11109* Each WGP has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
11110  executing on it.
11111* All LDS operations of a WGP are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
11112  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
11113  execution order.
11114* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
11115  WGP. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
11116  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
11117  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
11118  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
11119  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
11120  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
11121  operations performed by the same wavefront.
11122* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations.
11123  Completion of load/store/sample operations are reported to a wavefront in
11124  execution order of other load/store/sample operations performed by that
11125  wavefront.
11126* The vector memory operations access a vector L0 cache. There is a single L0
11127  cache per CU. Each SIMD of a CU accesses the same L0 cache. Therefore, no
11128  special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
11129  wavefront. However, a ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is required for coherence between
11130  wavefronts executing in the same work-group as they may be executing on SIMDs
11131  of different CUs that access different L0s. A ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is also
11132  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11133  as they may be executing on different WGPs.
11134* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L0 cache shared by all wavefronts
11135  on a WGP. The scalar and vector L0 caches are not coherent. However, scalar
11136  operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory model. See
11137  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11138* The vector and scalar memory L0 caches use an L1 cache shared by all WGPs on
11139  the same SA. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between
11140  the wavefronts of a single work-group. However, a ``buffer_gl1_inv`` is
11141  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11142  as they may be executing on different SAs that access different L1s.
11143* The L1 caches have independent quadrants to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11144  addresses.
11145* Each L0 cache has a separate request queue per L1 quadrant. Therefore, the
11146  vector and scalar memory operations performed by different wavefronts, whether
11147  executing in the same or different work-groups (which may be executing on
11148  different CUs accessing different L0s), can be reordered relative to each
11149  other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is required to ensure
11150  synchronization between vector memory operations of different wavefronts. It
11151  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
11152  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
11153  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11154* The L1 caches use an L2 cache shared by all SAs on the same agent.
11155* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11156  addresses.
11157* Each L1 quadrant of a single SA accesses a different L2 channel. Each L1
11158  quadrant has a separate request queue per L2 channel. Therefore, the vector
11159  and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
11160  work-groups (which may be executing on different SAs) of an agent can be
11161  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is
11162  required to ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of
11163  different SAs. It ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed
11164  before executing a subsequent vector memory and so can be used to meet the
11165  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11166* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
11167  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
11168* On GFX10.3 a memory attached last level (MALL) cache exists for GPU memory.
11169  The MALL cache is fully coherent with GPU memory and has no impact on system
11170  coherence. All agents (GPU and CPU) access GPU memory through the MALL cache.
11171
11172Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
11173change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
11174address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
11175Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
11176ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
11177invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
11178may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
11179:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11180
11181The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
11182case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
11183accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
11184then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
11185return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
11186future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
11187creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
11188``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
11189
11190For kernarg backing memory:
11191
11192* CP invalidates the L0 and L1 caches at the start of each kernel dispatch.
11193* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid
11194  needing to invalidate the L2 cache.
11195* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
11196  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
11197
11198Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
11199with MTYPE NC (non-coherent). Since the private address space is only accessed
11200by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is never a need to
11201invalidate these entries from the L0 or L1 caches.
11202
11203Wavefronts are executed in native mode with in-order reporting of loads and
11204sample instructions. In this mode vmcnt reports completion of load, atomic with
11205return and sample instructions in order, and the vscnt reports the completion of
11206store and atomic without return in order. See ``MEM_ORDERED`` field in
11207:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
11208
11209Wavefronts can be executed in WGP or CU wavefront execution mode:
11210
11211* In WGP wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed
11212  on the SIMDs of both CUs of the WGP. Therefore, explicit management of the per
11213  CU L0 caches is required for work-group synchronization. Also accesses to L1
11214  at work-group scope need to be explicitly ordered as the accesses from
11215  different CUs are not ordered.
11216* In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed on
11217  the SIMDs of a single CU of the WGP. Therefore, all global memory access by
11218  the work-group access the same L0 which in turn ensures L1 accesses are
11219  ordered and so do not require explicit management of the caches for
11220  work-group synchronization.
11221
11222See ``WGP_MODE`` field in
11223:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table` and
11224:ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
11225
11226The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX10 are defined in
11227table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table`.
11228
11229  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX10
11230     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table
11231
11232     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11233     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
11234                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX10
11235                                              Space
11236     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11237     **Non-Atomic**
11238     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11239     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11240                                              - generic
11241                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
11242                                              - constant
11243                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11244
11245                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11246                                                              slc=1
11247
11248                                                         - volatile
11249
11250                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11251                                                              glc=1 dlc=1
11252                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11253
11254                                                            - Must happen before
11255                                                              any following volatile
11256                                                              global/generic
11257                                                              load/store.
11258                                                            - Ensures that
11259                                                              volatile
11260                                                              operations to
11261                                                              different
11262                                                              addresses will not
11263                                                              be reordered by
11264                                                              hardware.
11265
11266     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
11267     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11268                                              - generic
11269                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
11270                                              - constant
11271                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11272
11273                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11274                                                              glc=1 slc=1
11275
11276                                                         - volatile
11277
11278                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11279                                                           2. s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11280
11281                                                            - Must happen before
11282                                                              any following volatile
11283                                                              global/generic
11284                                                              load/store.
11285                                                            - Ensures that
11286                                                              volatile
11287                                                              operations to
11288                                                              different
11289                                                              addresses will not
11290                                                              be reordered by
11291                                                              hardware.
11292
11293     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
11294     **Unordered Atomic**
11295     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11296     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11297     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11298     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
11299     **Monotonic Atomic**
11300     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11301     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11302                               - wavefront    - generic
11303     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11304                                              - generic     glc=1
11305
11306                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11307                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11308
11309     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_load
11310                               - wavefront
11311                               - workgroup
11312     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11313                               - system       - generic     glc=1 dlc=1
11314     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
11315                               - wavefront    - generic
11316                               - workgroup
11317                               - agent
11318                               - system
11319     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
11320                               - wavefront
11321                               - workgroup
11322     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
11323                               - wavefront    - generic
11324                               - workgroup
11325                               - agent
11326                               - system
11327     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
11328                               - wavefront
11329                               - workgroup
11330     **Acquire Atomic**
11331     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11332     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
11333                               - wavefront    - local
11334                                              - generic
11335     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
11336
11337                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11338                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11339
11340                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11341
11342                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11343                                                             mode, omit.
11344                                                           - Must happen before
11345                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11346                                                             and before any following
11347                                                             global/generic
11348                                                             load/load
11349                                                             atomic/store/store
11350                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11351
11352                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11353
11354                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11355                                                             mode, omit.
11356                                                           - Ensures that
11357                                                             following
11358                                                             loads will not see
11359                                                             stale data.
11360
11361     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_load
11362                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11363
11364                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11365                                                           - Must happen before
11366                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11367                                                             and before any following
11368                                                             global/generic load/load
11369                                                             atomic/store/store
11370                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11371                                                           - Ensures any
11372                                                             following global
11373                                                             data read is no
11374                                                             older than the local load
11375                                                             atomic value being
11376                                                             acquired.
11377
11378                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11379
11380                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11381                                                             mode, omit.
11382                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11383                                                           - Ensures that
11384                                                             following
11385                                                             loads will not see
11386                                                             stale data.
11387
11388     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
11389
11390                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11391                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11392
11393                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11394                                                            vmcnt(0)
11395
11396                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11397                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
11398                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11399                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11400                                                           - Must happen before
11401                                                             the following
11402                                                             buffer_gl0_inv and any
11403                                                             following global/generic
11404                                                             load/load
11405                                                             atomic/store/store
11406                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11407                                                           - Ensures any
11408                                                             following global
11409                                                             data read is no
11410                                                             older than a local load
11411                                                             atomic value being
11412                                                             acquired.
11413
11414                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11415
11416                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11417                                                             mode, omit.
11418                                                           - Ensures that
11419                                                             following
11420                                                             loads will not see
11421                                                             stale data.
11422
11423     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
11424                               - system                     glc=1 dlc=1
11425                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11426
11427                                                           - Must happen before
11428                                                             following
11429                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11430                                                           - Ensures the load
11431                                                             has completed
11432                                                             before invalidating
11433                                                             the caches.
11434
11435                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11436                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11437
11438                                                           - Must happen before
11439                                                             any following
11440                                                             global/generic
11441                                                             load/load
11442                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11443                                                           - Ensures that
11444                                                             following
11445                                                             loads will not see
11446                                                             stale global data.
11447
11448     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1 dlc=1
11449                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
11450                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11451
11452                                                           - If OpenCL omit
11453                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11454                                                           - Must happen before
11455                                                             following
11456                                                             buffer_gl*_invl.
11457                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
11458                                                             has completed
11459                                                             before invalidating
11460                                                             the caches.
11461
11462                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11463                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11464
11465                                                           - Must happen before
11466                                                             any following
11467                                                             global/generic
11468                                                             load/load
11469                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11470                                                           - Ensures that
11471                                                             following loads
11472                                                             will not see stale
11473                                                             global data.
11474
11475     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11476                               - wavefront    - local
11477                                              - generic
11478     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11479                                                         2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11480
11481                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11482                                                             mode, omit.
11483                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11484                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11485                                                             atomic with no-return.
11486                                                           - Must happen before
11487                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11488                                                             and before any following
11489                                                             global/generic
11490                                                             load/load
11491                                                             atomic/store/store
11492                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11493
11494                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11495
11496                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11497                                                             mode, omit.
11498                                                           - Ensures that
11499                                                             following
11500                                                             loads will not see
11501                                                             stale data.
11502
11503     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
11504                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11505
11506                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11507                                                           - Must happen before
11508                                                             the following
11509                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11510                                                           - Ensures any
11511                                                             following global
11512                                                             data read is no
11513                                                             older than the local
11514                                                             atomicrmw value
11515                                                             being acquired.
11516
11517                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11518
11519                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
11520                                                           - Ensures that
11521                                                             following
11522                                                             loads will not see
11523                                                             stale data.
11524
11525     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
11526                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11527                                                            vm/vscnt(0)
11528
11529                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11530                                                             mode, omit vm/vscnt(0).
11531                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11532                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11533                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11534                                                             atomic with no-return.
11535                                                           - Must happen before
11536                                                             the following
11537                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11538                                                           - Ensures any
11539                                                             following global
11540                                                             data read is no
11541                                                             older than a local
11542                                                             atomicrmw value
11543                                                             being acquired.
11544
11545                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11546
11547                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11548                                                             mode, omit.
11549                                                           - Ensures that
11550                                                             following
11551                                                             loads will not see
11552                                                             stale data.
11553
11554     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11555                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11556
11557                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11558                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11559                                                             atomic with no-return.
11560                                                           - Must happen before
11561                                                             following
11562                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11563                                                           - Ensures the
11564                                                             atomicrmw has
11565                                                             completed before
11566                                                             invalidating the
11567                                                             caches.
11568
11569                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11570                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11571
11572                                                           - Must happen before
11573                                                             any following
11574                                                             global/generic
11575                                                             load/load
11576                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11577                                                           - Ensures that
11578                                                             following loads
11579                                                             will not see stale
11580                                                             global data.
11581
11582     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
11583                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
11584                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11585
11586                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11587                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11588                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11589                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11590                                                             atomic with no-return.
11591                                                           - Must happen before
11592                                                             following
11593                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11594                                                           - Ensures the
11595                                                             atomicrmw has
11596                                                             completed before
11597                                                             invalidating the
11598                                                             caches.
11599
11600                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11601                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11602
11603                                                           - Must happen before
11604                                                             any following
11605                                                             global/generic
11606                                                             load/load
11607                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11608                                                           - Ensures that
11609                                                             following loads
11610                                                             will not see stale
11611                                                             global data.
11612
11613     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
11614                               - wavefront
11615     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11616                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11617
11618                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11619                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11620                                                             vscnt(0).
11621                                                           - If OpenCL and
11622                                                             address space is
11623                                                             not generic, omit
11624                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11625                                                           - If OpenCL and
11626                                                             address space is
11627                                                             local, omit
11628                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11629                                                           - However, since LLVM
11630                                                             currently has no
11631                                                             address space on
11632                                                             the fence need to
11633                                                             conservatively
11634                                                             always generate. If
11635                                                             fence had an
11636                                                             address space then
11637                                                             set to address
11638                                                             space of OpenCL
11639                                                             fence flag, or to
11640                                                             generic if both
11641                                                             local and global
11642                                                             flags are
11643                                                             specified.
11644                                                           - Could be split into
11645                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11646                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11647                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11648                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11649                                                             them to be
11650                                                             independently moved
11651                                                             according to the
11652                                                             following rules.
11653                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11654                                                             must happen after
11655                                                             any preceding
11656                                                             global/generic load
11657                                                             atomic/
11658                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11659                                                             with an equal or
11660                                                             wider sync scope
11661                                                             and memory ordering
11662                                                             stronger than
11663                                                             unordered (this is
11664                                                             termed the
11665                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11666                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11667                                                             must happen after
11668                                                             any preceding
11669                                                             global/generic
11670                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11671                                                             with an equal or
11672                                                             wider sync scope
11673                                                             and memory ordering
11674                                                             stronger than
11675                                                             unordered (this is
11676                                                             termed the
11677                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11678                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11679                                                             must happen after
11680                                                             any preceding
11681                                                             local/generic load
11682                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11683                                                             with an equal or
11684                                                             wider sync scope
11685                                                             and memory ordering
11686                                                             stronger than
11687                                                             unordered (this is
11688                                                             termed the
11689                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11690                                                           - Must happen before
11691                                                             the following
11692                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11693                                                           - Ensures that the
11694                                                             fence-paired atomic
11695                                                             has completed
11696                                                             before invalidating
11697                                                             the
11698                                                             cache. Therefore
11699                                                             any following
11700                                                             locations read must
11701                                                             be no older than
11702                                                             the value read by
11703                                                             the
11704                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11705
11706                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11707
11708                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11709                                                             mode, omit.
11710                                                           - Ensures that
11711                                                             following
11712                                                             loads will not see
11713                                                             stale data.
11714
11715     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11716                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11717
11718                                                           - If OpenCL and
11719                                                             address space is
11720                                                             not generic, omit
11721                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11722                                                           - If OpenCL and
11723                                                             address space is
11724                                                             local, omit
11725                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11726                                                           - However, since LLVM
11727                                                             currently has no
11728                                                             address space on
11729                                                             the fence need to
11730                                                             conservatively
11731                                                             always generate
11732                                                             (see comment for
11733                                                             previous fence).
11734                                                           - Could be split into
11735                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11736                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11737                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11738                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11739                                                             them to be
11740                                                             independently moved
11741                                                             according to the
11742                                                             following rules.
11743                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11744                                                             must happen after
11745                                                             any preceding
11746                                                             global/generic load
11747                                                             atomic/
11748                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11749                                                             with an equal or
11750                                                             wider sync scope
11751                                                             and memory ordering
11752                                                             stronger than
11753                                                             unordered (this is
11754                                                             termed the
11755                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11756                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11757                                                             must happen after
11758                                                             any preceding
11759                                                             global/generic
11760                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11761                                                             with an equal or
11762                                                             wider sync scope
11763                                                             and memory ordering
11764                                                             stronger than
11765                                                             unordered (this is
11766                                                             termed the
11767                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11768                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11769                                                             must happen after
11770                                                             any preceding
11771                                                             local/generic load
11772                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11773                                                             with an equal or
11774                                                             wider sync scope
11775                                                             and memory ordering
11776                                                             stronger than
11777                                                             unordered (this is
11778                                                             termed the
11779                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11780                                                           - Must happen before
11781                                                             the following
11782                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11783                                                           - Ensures that the
11784                                                             fence-paired atomic
11785                                                             has completed
11786                                                             before invalidating
11787                                                             the
11788                                                             caches. Therefore
11789                                                             any following
11790                                                             locations read must
11791                                                             be no older than
11792                                                             the value read by
11793                                                             the
11794                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11795
11796                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
11797                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11798
11799                                                           - Must happen before any
11800                                                             following global/generic
11801                                                             load/load
11802                                                             atomic/store/store
11803                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11804                                                           - Ensures that
11805                                                             following loads
11806                                                             will not see stale
11807                                                             global data.
11808
11809     **Release Atomic**
11810     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11811     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
11812                               - wavefront    - local
11813                                              - generic
11814     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11815                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11816
11817                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11818                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11819                                                             vscnt(0).
11820                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11821                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11822                                                           - Could be split into
11823                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11824                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11825                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11826                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11827                                                             them to be
11828                                                             independently moved
11829                                                             according to the
11830                                                             following rules.
11831                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11832                                                             must happen after
11833                                                             any preceding
11834                                                             global/generic load/load
11835                                                             atomic/
11836                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11837                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11838                                                             must happen after
11839                                                             any preceding
11840                                                             global/generic
11841                                                             store/store
11842                                                             atomic/
11843                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11844                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11845                                                             must happen after
11846                                                             any preceding
11847                                                             local/generic
11848                                                             load/store/load
11849                                                             atomic/store
11850                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11851                                                           - Must happen before
11852                                                             the following
11853                                                             store.
11854                                                           - Ensures that all
11855                                                             memory operations
11856                                                             have
11857                                                             completed before
11858                                                             performing the
11859                                                             store that is being
11860                                                             released.
11861
11862                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11863     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11864
11865                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11866                                                             mode, omit.
11867                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11868                                                           - Could be split into
11869                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11870                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11871                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
11872                                                             them to be
11873                                                             independently moved
11874                                                             according to the
11875                                                             following rules.
11876                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11877                                                             must happen after
11878                                                             any preceding
11879                                                             global/generic load/load
11880                                                             atomic/
11881                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11882                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11883                                                             must happen after
11884                                                             any preceding
11885                                                             global/generic
11886                                                             store/store atomic/
11887                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11888                                                           - Must happen before
11889                                                             the following
11890                                                             store.
11891                                                           - Ensures that all
11892                                                             global memory
11893                                                             operations have
11894                                                             completed before
11895                                                             performing the
11896                                                             store that is being
11897                                                             released.
11898
11899                                                         2. ds_store
11900     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11901                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11902
11903                                                           - If OpenCL and
11904                                                             address space is
11905                                                             not generic, omit
11906                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11907                                                           - Could be split into
11908                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11909                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11910                                                             and s_waitcnt
11911                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11912                                                             them to be
11913                                                             independently moved
11914                                                             according to the
11915                                                             following rules.
11916                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11917                                                             must happen after
11918                                                             any preceding
11919                                                             global/generic
11920                                                             load/load
11921                                                             atomic/
11922                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11923                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11924                                                             must happen after
11925                                                             any preceding
11926                                                             global/generic
11927                                                             store/store atomic/
11928                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11929                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11930                                                             must happen after
11931                                                             any preceding
11932                                                             local/generic
11933                                                             load/store/load
11934                                                             atomic/store
11935                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11936                                                           - Must happen before
11937                                                             the following
11938                                                             store.
11939                                                           - Ensures that all
11940                                                             memory operations
11941                                                             have
11942                                                             completed before
11943                                                             performing the
11944                                                             store that is being
11945                                                             released.
11946
11947                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11948     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11949                               - wavefront    - local
11950                                              - generic
11951     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11952                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11953
11954                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11955                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11956                                                             vscnt(0).
11957                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11958                                                           - Could be split into
11959                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11960                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11961                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11962                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11963                                                             them to be
11964                                                             independently moved
11965                                                             according to the
11966                                                             following rules.
11967                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11968                                                             must happen after
11969                                                             any preceding
11970                                                             global/generic load/load
11971                                                             atomic/
11972                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11973                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11974                                                             must happen after
11975                                                             any preceding
11976                                                             global/generic
11977                                                             store/store
11978                                                             atomic/
11979                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11980                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11981                                                             must happen after
11982                                                             any preceding
11983                                                             local/generic
11984                                                             load/store/load
11985                                                             atomic/store
11986                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11987                                                           - Must happen before
11988                                                             the following
11989                                                             atomicrmw.
11990                                                           - Ensures that all
11991                                                             memory operations
11992                                                             have
11993                                                             completed before
11994                                                             performing the
11995                                                             atomicrmw that is
11996                                                             being released.
11997
11998                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
11999     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12000
12001                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12002                                                             mode, omit.
12003                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12004                                                           - Could be split into
12005                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12006                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12007                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12008                                                             them to be
12009                                                             independently moved
12010                                                             according to the
12011                                                             following rules.
12012                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12013                                                             must happen after
12014                                                             any preceding
12015                                                             global/generic load/load
12016                                                             atomic/
12017                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12018                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12019                                                             must happen after
12020                                                             any preceding
12021                                                             global/generic
12022                                                             store/store atomic/
12023                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12024                                                           - Must happen before
12025                                                             the following
12026                                                             store.
12027                                                           - Ensures that all
12028                                                             global memory
12029                                                             operations have
12030                                                             completed before
12031                                                             performing the
12032                                                             store that is being
12033                                                             released.
12034
12035                                                         2. ds_atomic
12036     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12037                               - system       - generic      vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12038
12039                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12040                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12041                                                           - Could be split into
12042                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12043                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12044                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12045                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12046                                                             them to be
12047                                                             independently moved
12048                                                             according to the
12049                                                             following rules.
12050                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12051                                                             must happen after
12052                                                             any preceding
12053                                                             global/generic
12054                                                             load/load atomic/
12055                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12056                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12057                                                             must happen after
12058                                                             any preceding
12059                                                             global/generic
12060                                                             store/store atomic/
12061                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12062                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12063                                                             must happen after
12064                                                             any preceding
12065                                                             local/generic
12066                                                             load/store/load
12067                                                             atomic/store
12068                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12069                                                           - Must happen before
12070                                                             the following
12071                                                             atomicrmw.
12072                                                           - Ensures that all
12073                                                             memory operations
12074                                                             to global and local
12075                                                             have completed
12076                                                             before performing
12077                                                             the atomicrmw that
12078                                                             is being released.
12079
12080                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
12081     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12082                               - wavefront
12083     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12084                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12085
12086                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12087                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12088                                                             vscnt(0).
12089                                                           - If OpenCL and
12090                                                             address space is
12091                                                             not generic, omit
12092                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12093                                                           - If OpenCL and
12094                                                             address space is
12095                                                             local, omit
12096                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12097                                                           - However, since LLVM
12098                                                             currently has no
12099                                                             address space on
12100                                                             the fence need to
12101                                                             conservatively
12102                                                             always generate. If
12103                                                             fence had an
12104                                                             address space then
12105                                                             set to address
12106                                                             space of OpenCL
12107                                                             fence flag, or to
12108                                                             generic if both
12109                                                             local and global
12110                                                             flags are
12111                                                             specified.
12112                                                           - Could be split into
12113                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12114                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12115                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12116                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12117                                                             them to be
12118                                                             independently moved
12119                                                             according to the
12120                                                             following rules.
12121                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12122                                                             must happen after
12123                                                             any preceding
12124                                                             global/generic
12125                                                             load/load
12126                                                             atomic/
12127                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12128                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12129                                                             must happen after
12130                                                             any preceding
12131                                                             global/generic
12132                                                             store/store atomic/
12133                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12134                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12135                                                             must happen after
12136                                                             any preceding
12137                                                             local/generic
12138                                                             load/store/load
12139                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12140                                                             atomicrmw.
12141                                                           - Must happen before
12142                                                             any following store
12143                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12144                                                             with an equal or
12145                                                             wider sync scope
12146                                                             and memory ordering
12147                                                             stronger than
12148                                                             unordered (this is
12149                                                             termed the
12150                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12151                                                           - Ensures that all
12152                                                             memory operations
12153                                                             have
12154                                                             completed before
12155                                                             performing the
12156                                                             following
12157                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12158
12159     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12160                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12161
12162                                                           - If OpenCL and
12163                                                             address space is
12164                                                             not generic, omit
12165                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12166                                                           - If OpenCL and
12167                                                             address space is
12168                                                             local, omit
12169                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12170                                                           - However, since LLVM
12171                                                             currently has no
12172                                                             address space on
12173                                                             the fence need to
12174                                                             conservatively
12175                                                             always generate. If
12176                                                             fence had an
12177                                                             address space then
12178                                                             set to address
12179                                                             space of OpenCL
12180                                                             fence flag, or to
12181                                                             generic if both
12182                                                             local and global
12183                                                             flags are
12184                                                             specified.
12185                                                           - Could be split into
12186                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12187                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12188                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12189                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12190                                                             them to be
12191                                                             independently moved
12192                                                             according to the
12193                                                             following rules.
12194                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12195                                                             must happen after
12196                                                             any preceding
12197                                                             global/generic
12198                                                             load/load atomic/
12199                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12200                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12201                                                             must happen after
12202                                                             any preceding
12203                                                             global/generic
12204                                                             store/store atomic/
12205                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12206                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12207                                                             must happen after
12208                                                             any preceding
12209                                                             local/generic
12210                                                             load/store/load
12211                                                             atomic/store
12212                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12213                                                           - Must happen before
12214                                                             any following store
12215                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12216                                                             with an equal or
12217                                                             wider sync scope
12218                                                             and memory ordering
12219                                                             stronger than
12220                                                             unordered (this is
12221                                                             termed the
12222                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12223                                                           - Ensures that all
12224                                                             memory operations
12225                                                             have
12226                                                             completed before
12227                                                             performing the
12228                                                             following
12229                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12230
12231     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
12232     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12233     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
12234                               - wavefront    - local
12235                                              - generic
12236     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12237                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12238
12239                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12240                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12241                                                             vscnt(0).
12242                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12243                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12244                                                           - Must happen after
12245                                                             any preceding
12246                                                             local/generic
12247                                                             load/store/load
12248                                                             atomic/store
12249                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12250                                                           - Could be split into
12251                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12252                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12253                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12254                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12255                                                             them to be
12256                                                             independently moved
12257                                                             according to the
12258                                                             following rules.
12259                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12260                                                             must happen after
12261                                                             any preceding
12262                                                             global/generic load/load
12263                                                             atomic/
12264                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12265                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12266                                                             must happen after
12267                                                             any preceding
12268                                                             global/generic
12269                                                             store/store
12270                                                             atomic/
12271                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12272                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12273                                                             must happen after
12274                                                             any preceding
12275                                                             local/generic
12276                                                             load/store/load
12277                                                             atomic/store
12278                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12279                                                           - Must happen before
12280                                                             the following
12281                                                             atomicrmw.
12282                                                           - Ensures that all
12283                                                             memory operations
12284                                                             have
12285                                                             completed before
12286                                                             performing the
12287                                                             atomicrmw that is
12288                                                             being released.
12289
12290                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12291                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12292
12293                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12294                                                             mode, omit.
12295                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12296                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12297                                                             atomic with no-return.
12298                                                           - Must happen before
12299                                                             the following
12300                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12301                                                           - Ensures any
12302                                                             following global
12303                                                             data read is no
12304                                                             older than the
12305                                                             atomicrmw value
12306                                                             being acquired.
12307
12308                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12309
12310                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12311                                                             mode, omit.
12312                                                           - Ensures that
12313                                                             following
12314                                                             loads will not see
12315                                                             stale data.
12316
12317     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12318
12319                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12320                                                             mode, omit.
12321                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12322                                                           - Could be split into
12323                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12324                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12325                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12326                                                             them to be
12327                                                             independently moved
12328                                                             according to the
12329                                                             following rules.
12330                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12331                                                             must happen after
12332                                                             any preceding
12333                                                             global/generic load/load
12334                                                             atomic/
12335                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12336                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12337                                                             must happen after
12338                                                             any preceding
12339                                                             global/generic
12340                                                             store/store atomic/
12341                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12342                                                           - Must happen before
12343                                                             the following
12344                                                             store.
12345                                                           - Ensures that all
12346                                                             global memory
12347                                                             operations have
12348                                                             completed before
12349                                                             performing the
12350                                                             store that is being
12351                                                             released.
12352
12353                                                         2. ds_atomic
12354                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12355
12356                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12357                                                           - Must happen before
12358                                                             the following
12359                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12360                                                           - Ensures any
12361                                                             following global
12362                                                             data read is no
12363                                                             older than the local load
12364                                                             atomic value being
12365                                                             acquired.
12366
12367                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12368
12369                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12370                                                             mode, omit.
12371                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
12372                                                           - Ensures that
12373                                                             following
12374                                                             loads will not see
12375                                                             stale data.
12376
12377     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12378                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12379
12380                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12381                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12382                                                             vscnt(0).
12383                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12384                                                           - Could be split into
12385                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12386                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12387                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12388                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12389                                                             them to be
12390                                                             independently moved
12391                                                             according to the
12392                                                             following rules.
12393                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12394                                                             must happen after
12395                                                             any preceding
12396                                                             global/generic load/load
12397                                                             atomic/
12398                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12399                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12400                                                             must happen after
12401                                                             any preceding
12402                                                             global/generic
12403                                                             store/store
12404                                                             atomic/
12405                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12406                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12407                                                             must happen after
12408                                                             any preceding
12409                                                             local/generic
12410                                                             load/store/load
12411                                                             atomic/store
12412                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12413                                                           - Must happen before
12414                                                             the following
12415                                                             atomicrmw.
12416                                                           - Ensures that all
12417                                                             memory operations
12418                                                             have
12419                                                             completed before
12420                                                             performing the
12421                                                             atomicrmw that is
12422                                                             being released.
12423
12424                                                         2. flat_atomic
12425                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12426                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12427
12428                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12429                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12430                                                             vscnt(0).
12431                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12432                                                           - Must happen before
12433                                                             the following
12434                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12435                                                           - Ensures any
12436                                                             following global
12437                                                             data read is no
12438                                                             older than the load
12439                                                             atomic value being
12440                                                             acquired.
12441
12442                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12443
12444                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12445                                                             mode, omit.
12446                                                           - Ensures that
12447                                                             following
12448                                                             loads will not see
12449                                                             stale data.
12450
12451     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12452                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12453
12454                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12455                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12456                                                           - Could be split into
12457                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12458                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12459                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12460                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12461                                                             them to be
12462                                                             independently moved
12463                                                             according to the
12464                                                             following rules.
12465                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12466                                                             must happen after
12467                                                             any preceding
12468                                                             global/generic
12469                                                             load/load atomic/
12470                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12471                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12472                                                             must happen after
12473                                                             any preceding
12474                                                             global/generic
12475                                                             store/store atomic/
12476                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12477                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12478                                                             must happen after
12479                                                             any preceding
12480                                                             local/generic
12481                                                             load/store/load
12482                                                             atomic/store
12483                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12484                                                           - Must happen before
12485                                                             the following
12486                                                             atomicrmw.
12487                                                           - Ensures that all
12488                                                             memory operations
12489                                                             to global have
12490                                                             completed before
12491                                                             performing the
12492                                                             atomicrmw that is
12493                                                             being released.
12494
12495                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12496                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12497
12498                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12499                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12500                                                             atomic with no-return.
12501                                                           - Must happen before
12502                                                             following
12503                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12504                                                           - Ensures the
12505                                                             atomicrmw has
12506                                                             completed before
12507                                                             invalidating the
12508                                                             caches.
12509
12510                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12511                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12512
12513                                                           - Must happen before
12514                                                             any following
12515                                                             global/generic
12516                                                             load/load
12517                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12518                                                           - Ensures that
12519                                                             following loads
12520                                                             will not see stale
12521                                                             global data.
12522
12523     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12524                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12525
12526                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12527                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12528                                                           - Could be split into
12529                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12530                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12531                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12532                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12533                                                             them to be
12534                                                             independently moved
12535                                                             according to the
12536                                                             following rules.
12537                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12538                                                             must happen after
12539                                                             any preceding
12540                                                             global/generic
12541                                                             load/load atomic
12542                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12543                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12544                                                             must happen after
12545                                                             any preceding
12546                                                             global/generic
12547                                                             store/store atomic/
12548                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12549                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12550                                                             must happen after
12551                                                             any preceding
12552                                                             local/generic
12553                                                             load/store/load
12554                                                             atomic/store
12555                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12556                                                           - Must happen before
12557                                                             the following
12558                                                             atomicrmw.
12559                                                           - Ensures that all
12560                                                             memory operations
12561                                                             have
12562                                                             completed before
12563                                                             performing the
12564                                                             atomicrmw that is
12565                                                             being released.
12566
12567                                                         2. flat_atomic
12568                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
12569                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
12570
12571                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12572                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12573                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12574                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12575                                                             atomic with no-return.
12576                                                           - Must happen before
12577                                                             following
12578                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12579                                                           - Ensures the
12580                                                             atomicrmw has
12581                                                             completed before
12582                                                             invalidating the
12583                                                             caches.
12584
12585                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12586                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12587
12588                                                           - Must happen before
12589                                                             any following
12590                                                             global/generic
12591                                                             load/load
12592                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12593                                                           - Ensures that
12594                                                             following loads
12595                                                             will not see stale
12596                                                             global data.
12597
12598     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12599                               - wavefront
12600     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12601                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12602
12603                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12604                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12605                                                             vscnt(0).
12606                                                           - If OpenCL and
12607                                                             address space is
12608                                                             not generic, omit
12609                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12610                                                           - If OpenCL and
12611                                                             address space is
12612                                                             local, omit
12613                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12614                                                           - However,
12615                                                             since LLVM
12616                                                             currently has no
12617                                                             address space on
12618                                                             the fence need to
12619                                                             conservatively
12620                                                             always generate
12621                                                             (see comment for
12622                                                             previous fence).
12623                                                           - Could be split into
12624                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12625                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12626                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12627                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12628                                                             them to be
12629                                                             independently moved
12630                                                             according to the
12631                                                             following rules.
12632                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12633                                                             must happen after
12634                                                             any preceding
12635                                                             global/generic
12636                                                             load/load
12637                                                             atomic/
12638                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12639                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12640                                                             must happen after
12641                                                             any preceding
12642                                                             global/generic
12643                                                             store/store atomic/
12644                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12645                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12646                                                             must happen after
12647                                                             any preceding
12648                                                             local/generic
12649                                                             load/store/load
12650                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12651                                                             atomicrmw.
12652                                                           - Must happen before
12653                                                             any following
12654                                                             global/generic
12655                                                             load/load
12656                                                             atomic/store/store
12657                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12658                                                           - Ensures that all
12659                                                             memory operations
12660                                                             have
12661                                                             completed before
12662                                                             performing any
12663                                                             following global
12664                                                             memory operations.
12665                                                           - Ensures that the
12666                                                             preceding
12667                                                             local/generic load
12668                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12669                                                             with an equal or
12670                                                             wider sync scope
12671                                                             and memory ordering
12672                                                             stronger than
12673                                                             unordered (this is
12674                                                             termed the
12675                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12676                                                             has completed
12677                                                             before following
12678                                                             global memory
12679                                                             operations. This
12680                                                             satisfies the
12681                                                             requirements of
12682                                                             acquire.
12683                                                           - Ensures that all
12684                                                             previous memory
12685                                                             operations have
12686                                                             completed before a
12687                                                             following
12688                                                             local/generic store
12689                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12690                                                             with an equal or
12691                                                             wider sync scope
12692                                                             and memory ordering
12693                                                             stronger than
12694                                                             unordered (this is
12695                                                             termed the
12696                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12697                                                             This satisfies the
12698                                                             requirements of
12699                                                             release.
12700                                                           - Must happen before
12701                                                             the following
12702                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12703                                                           - Ensures that the
12704                                                             acquire-fence-paired
12705                                                             atomic has completed
12706                                                             before invalidating
12707                                                             the
12708                                                             cache. Therefore
12709                                                             any following
12710                                                             locations read must
12711                                                             be no older than
12712                                                             the value read by
12713                                                             the
12714                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
12715
12716                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12717
12718                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12719                                                             mode, omit.
12720                                                           - Ensures that
12721                                                             following
12722                                                             loads will not see
12723                                                             stale data.
12724
12725     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12726                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12727
12728                                                           - If OpenCL and
12729                                                             address space is
12730                                                             not generic, omit
12731                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12732                                                           - If OpenCL and
12733                                                             address space is
12734                                                             local, omit
12735                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12736                                                           - However, since LLVM
12737                                                             currently has no
12738                                                             address space on
12739                                                             the fence need to
12740                                                             conservatively
12741                                                             always generate
12742                                                             (see comment for
12743                                                             previous fence).
12744                                                           - Could be split into
12745                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12746                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12747                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12748                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12749                                                             them to be
12750                                                             independently moved
12751                                                             according to the
12752                                                             following rules.
12753                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12754                                                             must happen after
12755                                                             any preceding
12756                                                             global/generic
12757                                                             load/load
12758                                                             atomic/
12759                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12760                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12761                                                             must happen after
12762                                                             any preceding
12763                                                             global/generic
12764                                                             store/store atomic/
12765                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12766                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12767                                                             must happen after
12768                                                             any preceding
12769                                                             local/generic
12770                                                             load/store/load
12771                                                             atomic/store
12772                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12773                                                           - Must happen before
12774                                                             the following
12775                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12776                                                           - Ensures that the
12777                                                             preceding
12778                                                             global/local/generic
12779                                                             load
12780                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12781                                                             with an equal or
12782                                                             wider sync scope
12783                                                             and memory ordering
12784                                                             stronger than
12785                                                             unordered (this is
12786                                                             termed the
12787                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12788                                                             has completed
12789                                                             before invalidating
12790                                                             the caches. This
12791                                                             satisfies the
12792                                                             requirements of
12793                                                             acquire.
12794                                                           - Ensures that all
12795                                                             previous memory
12796                                                             operations have
12797                                                             completed before a
12798                                                             following
12799                                                             global/local/generic
12800                                                             store
12801                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12802                                                             with an equal or
12803                                                             wider sync scope
12804                                                             and memory ordering
12805                                                             stronger than
12806                                                             unordered (this is
12807                                                             termed the
12808                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12809                                                             This satisfies the
12810                                                             requirements of
12811                                                             release.
12812
12813                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
12814                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12815
12816                                                           - Must happen before
12817                                                             any following
12818                                                             global/generic
12819                                                             load/load
12820                                                             atomic/store/store
12821                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12822                                                           - Ensures that
12823                                                             following loads
12824                                                             will not see stale
12825                                                             global data. This
12826                                                             satisfies the
12827                                                             requirements of
12828                                                             acquire.
12829
12830     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
12831     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12832     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
12833                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
12834                                              - generic  except must generate
12835                                                         all instructions even
12836                                                         for OpenCL.*
12837     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12838                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12839
12840                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12841                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12842                                                             vscnt(0).
12843                                                           - Could be split into
12844                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12845                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12846                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12847                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12848                                                             them to be
12849                                                             independently moved
12850                                                             according to the
12851                                                             following rules.
12852                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
12853                                                             happen after
12854                                                             preceding
12855                                                             local/generic load
12856                                                             atomic/store
12857                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12858                                                             with memory
12859                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12860                                                             and with equal or
12861                                                             wider sync scope.
12862                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12863                                                             fences have their
12864                                                             own s_waitcnt
12865                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
12866                                                             not need to be
12867                                                             considered.)
12868                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12869                                                             must happen after
12870                                                             preceding
12871                                                             global/generic load
12872                                                             atomic/
12873                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12874                                                             with memory
12875                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12876                                                             and with equal or
12877                                                             wider sync scope.
12878                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12879                                                             fences have their
12880                                                             own s_waitcnt
12881                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12882                                                             not need to be
12883                                                             considered.)
12884                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12885                                                             Must happen after
12886                                                             preceding
12887                                                             global/generic store
12888                                                             atomic/
12889                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12890                                                             with memory
12891                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12892                                                             and with equal or
12893                                                             wider sync scope.
12894                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12895                                                             fences have their
12896                                                             own s_waitcnt
12897                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
12898                                                             not need to be
12899                                                             considered.)
12900                                                           - Ensures any
12901                                                             preceding
12902                                                             sequential
12903                                                             consistent global/local
12904                                                             memory instructions
12905                                                             have completed
12906                                                             before executing
12907                                                             this sequentially
12908                                                             consistent
12909                                                             instruction. This
12910                                                             prevents reordering
12911                                                             a seq_cst store
12912                                                             followed by a
12913                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
12914                                                             that seq_cst is
12915                                                             stronger than
12916                                                             acquire/release as
12917                                                             the reordering of
12918                                                             load acquire
12919                                                             followed by a store
12920                                                             release is
12921                                                             prevented by the
12922                                                             s_waitcnt of
12923                                                             the release, but
12924                                                             there is nothing
12925                                                             preventing a store
12926                                                             release followed by
12927                                                             load acquire from
12928                                                             completing out of
12929                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
12930                                                             could be placed after
12931                                                             seq_store or before
12932                                                             the seq_load. We
12933                                                             choose the load to
12934                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
12935                                                             as late as possible
12936                                                             so that the store
12937                                                             may have already
12938                                                             completed.)
12939
12940                                                         2. *Following
12941                                                            instructions same as
12942                                                            corresponding load
12943                                                            atomic acquire,
12944                                                            except must generate
12945                                                            all instructions even
12946                                                            for OpenCL.*
12947     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local
12948
12949                                                         1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12950
12951                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12952                                                             mode, omit.
12953                                                           - Could be split into
12954                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12955                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12956                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12957                                                             them to be
12958                                                             independently moved
12959                                                             according to the
12960                                                             following rules.
12961                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12962                                                             Must happen after
12963                                                             preceding
12964                                                             global/generic load
12965                                                             atomic/
12966                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12967                                                             with memory
12968                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12969                                                             and with equal or
12970                                                             wider sync scope.
12971                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12972                                                             fences have their
12973                                                             own s_waitcnt
12974                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12975                                                             not need to be
12976                                                             considered.)
12977                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12978                                                             Must happen after
12979                                                             preceding
12980                                                             global/generic store
12981                                                             atomic/
12982                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12983                                                             with memory
12984                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12985                                                             and with equal or
12986                                                             wider sync scope.
12987                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12988                                                             fences have their
12989                                                             own s_waitcnt
12990                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
12991                                                             not need to be
12992                                                             considered.)
12993                                                           - Ensures any
12994                                                             preceding
12995                                                             sequential
12996                                                             consistent global
12997                                                             memory instructions
12998                                                             have completed
12999                                                             before executing
13000                                                             this sequentially
13001                                                             consistent
13002                                                             instruction. This
13003                                                             prevents reordering
13004                                                             a seq_cst store
13005                                                             followed by a
13006                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13007                                                             that seq_cst is
13008                                                             stronger than
13009                                                             acquire/release as
13010                                                             the reordering of
13011                                                             load acquire
13012                                                             followed by a store
13013                                                             release is
13014                                                             prevented by the
13015                                                             s_waitcnt of
13016                                                             the release, but
13017                                                             there is nothing
13018                                                             preventing a store
13019                                                             release followed by
13020                                                             load acquire from
13021                                                             completing out of
13022                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13023                                                             could be placed after
13024                                                             seq_store or before
13025                                                             the seq_load. We
13026                                                             choose the load to
13027                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13028                                                             as late as possible
13029                                                             so that the store
13030                                                             may have already
13031                                                             completed.)
13032
13033                                                         2. *Following
13034                                                            instructions same as
13035                                                            corresponding load
13036                                                            atomic acquire,
13037                                                            except must generate
13038                                                            all instructions even
13039                                                            for OpenCL.*
13040
13041     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
13042                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
13043
13044                                                           - Could be split into
13045                                                             separate s_waitcnt
13046                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
13047                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
13048                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
13049                                                             them to be
13050                                                             independently moved
13051                                                             according to the
13052                                                             following rules.
13053                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
13054                                                             must happen after
13055                                                             preceding
13056                                                             local load
13057                                                             atomic/store
13058                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
13059                                                             with memory
13060                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13061                                                             and with equal or
13062                                                             wider sync scope.
13063                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13064                                                             fences have their
13065                                                             own s_waitcnt
13066                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
13067                                                             not need to be
13068                                                             considered.)
13069                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
13070                                                             must happen after
13071                                                             preceding
13072                                                             global/generic load
13073                                                             atomic/
13074                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
13075                                                             with memory
13076                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13077                                                             and with equal or
13078                                                             wider sync scope.
13079                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13080                                                             fences have their
13081                                                             own s_waitcnt
13082                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
13083                                                             not need to be
13084                                                             considered.)
13085                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
13086                                                             Must happen after
13087                                                             preceding
13088                                                             global/generic store
13089                                                             atomic/
13090                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
13091                                                             with memory
13092                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13093                                                             and with equal or
13094                                                             wider sync scope.
13095                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13096                                                             fences have their
13097                                                             own s_waitcnt
13098                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
13099                                                             not need to be
13100                                                             considered.)
13101                                                           - Ensures any
13102                                                             preceding
13103                                                             sequential
13104                                                             consistent global
13105                                                             memory instructions
13106                                                             have completed
13107                                                             before executing
13108                                                             this sequentially
13109                                                             consistent
13110                                                             instruction. This
13111                                                             prevents reordering
13112                                                             a seq_cst store
13113                                                             followed by a
13114                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13115                                                             that seq_cst is
13116                                                             stronger than
13117                                                             acquire/release as
13118                                                             the reordering of
13119                                                             load acquire
13120                                                             followed by a store
13121                                                             release is
13122                                                             prevented by the
13123                                                             s_waitcnt of
13124                                                             the release, but
13125                                                             there is nothing
13126                                                             preventing a store
13127                                                             release followed by
13128                                                             load acquire from
13129                                                             completing out of
13130                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13131                                                             could be placed after
13132                                                             seq_store or before
13133                                                             the seq_load. We
13134                                                             choose the load to
13135                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13136                                                             as late as possible
13137                                                             so that the store
13138                                                             may have already
13139                                                             completed.)
13140
13141                                                         2. *Following
13142                                                            instructions same as
13143                                                            corresponding load
13144                                                            atomic acquire,
13145                                                            except must generate
13146                                                            all instructions even
13147                                                            for OpenCL.*
13148     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13149                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
13150                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13151                               - agent                   all instructions even
13152                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13153     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13154                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
13155                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13156                               - agent                   all instructions even
13157                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13158     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
13159                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
13160                               - workgroup               except must generate
13161                               - agent                   all instructions even
13162                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13163     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
13164
13165.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi:
13166
13167Trap Handler ABI
13168~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13169
13170For code objects generated by the AMDGPU backend for HSA [HSA]_ compatible
13171runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), the runtime installs a trap handler that
13172supports the ``s_trap`` instruction. For usage see:
13173
13174- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table`
13175- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table`
13176- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table`
13177
13178  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V2
13179     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table
13180
13181     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13182     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13183                                         Inputs
13184     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13185     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13186     ``debugtrap(arg)``  ``s_trap 0x01`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Reserved for Finalizer HSA ``debugtrap``
13187                                           ``queue_ptr`` intrinsic (not implemented).
13188                                         ``VGPR0``:
13189                                           ``arg``
13190     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13191                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13192                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13193                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13194                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13195                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13196                                                         terminated.
13197     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13198                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13199                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13200                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13201                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13202                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13203                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13204                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13205                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13206                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13207     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13208     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13209     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13210     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13211     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13212     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13213     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13214     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13215
13216..
13217
13218  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V3
13219     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table
13220
13221     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13222     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13223                                         Inputs
13224     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13225     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13226     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*          Reserved for debugger to use for
13227                                                         breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13228                                                         with the PC at the trap instruction.
13229                                                         The debugger is responsible to resume
13230                                                         the wave, including the instruction
13231                                                         that the breakpoint overwrote.
13232     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13233                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13234                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13235                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13236                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13237                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13238                                                         terminated.
13239     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13240                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13241                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13242                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13243                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13244                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13245                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13246                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13247                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13248                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13249     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13250     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13251     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13252     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13253     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13254     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13255     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13256     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13257
13258..
13259
13260  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V4 and Above
13261     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table
13262
13263     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13264     Usage               Code Sequence   GFX6-GFX8 Inputs GFX9-GFX10 Inputs Description
13265     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13266     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                                    Reserved by hardware.
13267     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*           *none*            Reserved for debugger to use for
13268                                                                            breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13269                                                                            with the PC at the trap instruction.
13270                                                                            The debugger is responsible to resume
13271                                                                            the wave, including the instruction
13272                                                                            that the breakpoint overwrote.
13273     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:     *none*            Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13274                                           ``queue_ptr``                    the trap instruction. The associated
13275                                                                            queue is signalled to put it into the
13276                                                                            error state.  When the queue is put in
13277                                                                            the error state, the waves executing
13278                                                                            dispatches on the queue will be
13279                                                                            terminated.
13280     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*           *none*            - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13281                                                                              as a no-operation. The trap handler
13282                                                                              is entered and immediately returns to
13283                                                                              continue execution of the wavefront.
13284                                                                            - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13285                                                                              the debug trap to be reported by the
13286                                                                              debugger and the wavefront is put in
13287                                                                              the halt state with the PC at the
13288                                                                              instruction.  The debugger must
13289                                                                              increment the PC and resume the wave.
13290     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                                    Reserved.
13291     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                                    Reserved.
13292     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                                    Reserved.
13293     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                                    Reserved.
13294     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                                    Reserved.
13295     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                                    Reserved.
13296     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                                    Reserved.
13297     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13298
13299.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention:
13300
13301Call Convention
13302~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13303
13304.. note::
13305
13306  This section is currently incomplete and has inaccuracies. It is WIP that will
13307  be updated as information is determined.
13308
13309See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on swizzled
13310addresses. Unswizzled addresses are normal linear addresses.
13311
13312.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-kernel-functions:
13313
13314Kernel Functions
13315++++++++++++++++
13316
13317This section describes the call convention ABI for the outer kernel function.
13318
13319See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` for the kernel call
13320convention.
13321
13322The following is not part of the AMDGPU kernel calling convention but describes
13323how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13324
133251.  Clang decides the kernarg layout to match the *HSA Programmer's Language
13326    Reference* [HSA]_.
13327
13328    - All structs are passed directly.
13329    - Lambda values are passed *TBA*.
13330
13331    .. TODO::
13332
13333      - Does this really follow HSA rules? Or are structs >16 bytes passed
13334        by-value struct?
13335      - What is ABI for lambda values?
13336
133374.  The kernel performs certain setup in its prolog, as described in
13338    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`.
13339
13340.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions:
13341
13342Non-Kernel Functions
13343++++++++++++++++++++
13344
13345This section describes the call convention ABI for functions other than the
13346outer kernel function.
13347
13348If a kernel has function calls then scratch is always allocated and used for
13349the call stack which grows from low address to high address using the swizzled
13350scratch address space.
13351
13352On entry to a function:
13353
133541.  SGPR0-3 contain a V# with the following properties (see
13355    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`):
13356
13357    * Base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing
13358      memory.
13359    * Swizzled with dword element size and stride of wavefront size elements.
13360
133612.  The FLAT_SCRATCH register pair is setup. See
13362    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
133633.  GFX6-GFX8: M0 register set to the size of LDS in bytes. See
13364    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`.
133654.  The EXEC register is set to the lanes active on entry to the function.
133665.  MODE register: *TBD*
133676.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function input arguments as described
13368    below.
133697.  SGPR30-31 return address (RA). The code address that the function must
13370    return to when it completes. The value is undefined if the function is *no
13371    return*.
133728.  SGPR32 is used for the stack pointer (SP). It is an unswizzled scratch
13373    offset relative to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing memory.
13374
13375    The unswizzled SP can be used with buffer instructions as an unswizzled SGPR
13376    offset with the scratch V# in SGPR0-3 to access the stack in a swizzled
13377    manner.
13378
13379    The unswizzled SP value can be converted into the swizzled SP value by:
13380
13381      | swizzled SP = unswizzled SP / wavefront size
13382
13383    This may be used to obtain the private address space address of stack
13384    objects and to convert this address to a flat address by adding the flat
13385    scratch aperture base address.
13386
13387    The swizzled SP value is always 4 bytes aligned for the ``r600``
13388    architecture and 16 byte aligned for the ``amdgcn`` architecture.
13389
13390    .. note::
13391
13392      The ``amdgcn`` value is selected to avoid dynamic stack alignment for the
13393      OpenCL language which has the largest base type defined as 16 bytes.
13394
13395    On entry, the swizzled SP value is the address of the first function
13396    argument passed on the stack. Other stack passed arguments are positive
13397    offsets from the entry swizzled SP value.
13398
13399    The function may use positive offsets beyond the last stack passed argument
13400    for stack allocated local variables and register spill slots. If necessary,
13401    the function may align these to greater alignment than 16 bytes. After these
13402    the function may dynamically allocate space for such things as runtime sized
13403    ``alloca`` local allocations.
13404
13405    If the function calls another function, it will place any stack allocated
13406    arguments after the last local allocation and adjust SGPR32 to the address
13407    after the last local allocation.
13408
134099.  All other registers are unspecified.
1341010. Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory is available
13411    to the function.
13412
13413On exit from a function:
13414
134151.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function result arguments as
13416    described below. Any registers used are considered clobbered registers.
134172.  The following registers are preserved and have the same value as on entry:
13418
13419    * FLAT_SCRATCH
13420    * EXEC
13421    * GFX6-GFX8: M0
13422    * All SGPR registers except the clobbered registers of SGPR4-31.
13423    * VGPR40-47
13424    * VGPR56-63
13425    * VGPR72-79
13426    * VGPR88-95
13427    * VGPR104-111
13428    * VGPR120-127
13429    * VGPR136-143
13430    * VGPR152-159
13431    * VGPR168-175
13432    * VGPR184-191
13433    * VGPR200-207
13434    * VGPR216-223
13435    * VGPR232-239
13436    * VGPR248-255
13437
13438        .. note::
13439
13440          Except the argument registers, the VGPRs clobbered and the preserved
13441          registers are intermixed at regular intervals in order to keep a
13442          similar ratio independent of the number of allocated VGPRs.
13443
13444    * GFX90A: All AGPR registers except the clobbered registers AGPR0-31.
13445    * Lanes of all VGPRs that are inactive at the call site.
13446
13447      For the AMDGPU backend, an inter-procedural register allocation (IPRA)
13448      optimization may mark some of clobbered SGPR and VGPR registers as
13449      preserved if it can be determined that the called function does not change
13450      their value.
13451
134522.  The PC is set to the RA provided on entry.
134533.  MODE register: *TBD*.
134544.  All other registers are clobbered.
134555.  Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory accessed by
13456    function is available to the caller.
13457
13458.. TODO::
13459
13460  - How are function results returned? The address of structured types is passed
13461    by reference, but what about other types?
13462
13463The function input arguments are made up of the formal arguments explicitly
13464declared by the source language function plus the implicit input arguments used
13465by the implementation.
13466
13467The source language input arguments are:
13468
134691. Any source language implicit ``this`` or ``self`` argument comes first as a
13470   pointer type.
134712. Followed by the function formal arguments in left to right source order.
13472
13473The source language result arguments are:
13474
134751. The function result argument.
13476
13477The source language input or result struct type arguments that are less than or
13478equal to 16 bytes, are decomposed recursively into their base type fields, and
13479each field is passed as if a separate argument. For input arguments, if the
13480called function requires the struct to be in memory, for example because its
13481address is taken, then the function body is responsible for allocating a stack
13482location and copying the field arguments into it. Clang terms this *direct
13483struct*.
13484
13485The source language input struct type arguments that are greater than 16 bytes,
13486are passed by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack
13487location to make a copy of the struct value and pass the address as the input
13488argument. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13489accessing the input argument. Clang terms this *by-value struct*.
13490
13491A source language result struct type argument that is greater than 16 bytes, is
13492returned by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack location
13493to hold the result value and passes the address as the last input argument
13494(before the implicit input arguments). In this case there are no result
13495arguments. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13496storing the result value. Clang terms this *structured return (sret)*.
13497
13498*TODO: correct the ``sret`` definition.*
13499
13500.. TODO::
13501
13502  Is this definition correct? Or is ``sret`` only used if passing in registers, and
13503  pass as non-decomposed struct as stack argument? Or something else? Is the
13504  memory location in the caller stack frame, or a stack memory argument and so
13505  no address is passed as the caller can directly write to the argument stack
13506  location? But then the stack location is still live after return. If an
13507  argument stack location is it the first stack argument or the last one?
13508
13509Lambda argument types are treated as struct types with an implementation defined
13510set of fields.
13511
13512.. TODO::
13513
13514  Need to specify the ABI for lambda types for AMDGPU.
13515
13516For AMDGPU backend all source language arguments (including the decomposed
13517struct type arguments) are passed in VGPRs unless marked ``inreg`` in which case
13518they are passed in SGPRs.
13519
13520The AMDGPU backend walks the function call graph from the leaves to determine
13521which implicit input arguments are used, propagating to each caller of the
13522function. The used implicit arguments are appended to the function arguments
13523after the source language arguments in the following order:
13524
13525.. TODO::
13526
13527  Is recursion or external functions supported?
13528
135291.  Work-Item ID (1 VGPR)
13530
13531    The X, Y and Z work-item ID are packed into a single VGRP with the following
13532    layout. Only fields actually used by the function are set. The other bits
13533    are undefined.
13534
13535    The values come from the initial kernel execution state. See
13536    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
13537
13538    .. table:: Work-item implicit argument layout
13539      :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-workitem-implicit-argument-layout-table
13540
13541      ======= ======= ==============
13542      Bits    Size    Field Name
13543      ======= ======= ==============
13544      9:0     10 bits X Work-Item ID
13545      19:10   10 bits Y Work-Item ID
13546      29:20   10 bits Z Work-Item ID
13547      31:30   2 bits  Unused
13548      ======= ======= ==============
13549
135502.  Dispatch Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13551
13552    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13553    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13554
135553.  Queue Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13556
13557    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13558    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13559
135604.  Kernarg Segment Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13561
13562    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13563    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13564
135655.  Dispatch id (2 SGPRs)
13566
13567    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13568    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13569
135706.  Work-Group ID X (1 SGPR)
13571
13572    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13573    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13574
135757.  Work-Group ID Y (1 SGPR)
13576
13577    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13578    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13579
135808.  Work-Group ID Z (1 SGPR)
13581
13582    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13583    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13584
135859.  Implicit Argument Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13586
13587    The value is computed by adding an offset to Kernarg Segment Ptr to get the
13588    global address space pointer to the first kernarg implicit argument.
13589
13590The input and result arguments are assigned in order in the following manner:
13591
13592.. note::
13593
13594  There are likely some errors and omissions in the following description that
13595  need correction.
13596
13597  .. TODO::
13598
13599    Check the Clang source code to decipher how function arguments and return
13600    results are handled. Also see the AMDGPU specific values used.
13601
13602* VGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive VGPRs starting at VGPR0 up to
13603  VGPR31.
13604
13605  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13606  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13607  addresses.
13608
13609  .. TODO::
13610
13611    How are overly aligned structures allocated on the stack?
13612
13613* SGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive SGPRs starting at SGPR0 up to
13614  SGPR29.
13615
13616  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13617  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13618  addresses.
13619
13620Note that decomposed struct type arguments may have some fields passed in
13621registers and some in memory.
13622
13623.. TODO::
13624
13625  So, a struct which can pass some fields as decomposed register arguments, will
13626  pass the rest as decomposed stack elements? But an argument that will not start
13627  in registers will not be decomposed and will be passed as a non-decomposed
13628  stack value?
13629
13630The following is not part of the AMDGPU function calling convention but
13631describes how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13632
136331.  SGPR33 is used as a frame pointer (FP) if necessary. Like the SP it is an
13634    unswizzled scratch address. It is only needed if runtime sized ``alloca``
13635    are used, or for the reasons defined in ``SIFrameLowering``.
136362.  Runtime stack alignment is supported. SGPR34 is used as a base pointer (BP)
13637    to access the incoming stack arguments in the function. The BP is needed
13638    only when the function requires the runtime stack alignment.
13639
136403.  Allocating SGPR arguments on the stack are not supported.
13641
136424.  No CFI is currently generated. See
13643    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
13644
13645    .. note::
13646
13647      CFI will be generated that defines the CFA as the unswizzled address
13648      relative to the wave scratch base in the unswizzled private address space
13649      of the lowest address stack allocated local variable.
13650
13651      ``DW_AT_frame_base`` will be defined as the swizzled address in the
13652      swizzled private address space by dividing the CFA by the wavefront size
13653      (since CFA is always at least dword aligned which matches the scratch
13654      swizzle element size).
13655
13656      If no dynamic stack alignment was performed, the stack allocated arguments
13657      are accessed as negative offsets relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``, and the
13658      local variables and register spill slots are accessed as positive offsets
13659      relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``.
13660
136615.  Function argument passing is implemented by copying the input physical
13662    registers to virtual registers on entry. The register allocator can spill if
13663    necessary. These are copied back to physical registers at call sites. The
13664    net effect is that each function call can have these values in entirely
13665    distinct locations. The IPRA can help avoid shuffling argument registers.
136666.  Call sites are implemented by setting up the arguments at positive offsets
13667    from SP. Then SP is incremented to account for the known frame size before
13668    the call and decremented after the call.
13669
13670    .. note::
13671
13672      The CFI will reflect the changed calculation needed to compute the CFA
13673      from SP.
13674
136757.  4 byte spill slots are used in the stack frame. One slot is allocated for an
13676    emergency spill slot. Buffer instructions are used for stack accesses and
13677    not the ``flat_scratch`` instruction.
13678
13679    .. TODO::
13680
13681      Explain when the emergency spill slot is used.
13682
13683.. TODO::
13684
13685  Possible broken issues:
13686
13687  - Stack arguments must be aligned to required alignment.
13688  - Stack is aligned to max(16, max formal argument alignment)
13689  - Direct argument < 64 bits should check register budget.
13690  - Register budget calculation should respect ``inreg`` for SGPR.
13691  - SGPR overflow is not handled.
13692  - struct with 1 member unpeeling is not checking size of member.
13693  - ``sret`` is after ``this`` pointer.
13694  - Caller is not implementing stack realignment: need an extra pointer.
13695  - Should say AMDGPU passes FP rather than SP.
13696  - Should CFI define CFA as address of locals or arguments. Difference is
13697    apparent when have implemented dynamic alignment.
13698  - If ``SCRATCH`` instruction could allow negative offsets, then can make FP be
13699    highest address of stack frame and use negative offset for locals. Would
13700    allow SP to be the same as FP and could support signal-handler-like as now
13701    have a real SP for the top of the stack.
13702  - How is ``sret`` passed on the stack? In argument stack area? Can it overlay
13703    arguments?
13704
13705AMDPAL
13706------
13707
13708This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
13709``amdpal`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
13710
13711.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-section:
13712
13713Code Object Metadata
13714~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13715
13716.. note::
13717
13718  The metadata is currently in development and is subject to major
13719  changes. Only the current version is supported. *When this document
13720  was generated the version was 2.6.*
13721
13722Code object metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
13723record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
13724
13725The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
13726[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the keys
13727defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table`
13728and referenced tables.
13729
13730Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts, any
13731key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where ``vendor-name``
13732can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor tool that generates the
13733information. The prefix is abbreviated to simply "." when it appears
13734within a map that has been added by the same *vendor-name*.
13735
13736  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Metadata Map
13737     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table
13738
13739     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13740     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
13741     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13742     "amdpal.version"    sequence of    Required  PAL code object metadata (major, minor) version. The current values
13743                         2 integers               are defined by *Util::Abi::PipelineMetadata(Major|Minor)Version*.
13744     "amdpal.pipelines"  sequence of    Required  Per-pipeline metadata. See
13745                         map                      :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table` for the
13746                                                  definition of the keys included in that map.
13747     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13748
13749..
13750
13751  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Pipeline Metadata Map
13752     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table
13753
13754     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13755     String Key                             Value Type     Required? Description
13756     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13757     ".name"                                string                   Source name of the pipeline.
13758     ".type"                                string                   Pipeline type, e.g. VsPs. Values include:
13759
13760                                                                       - "VsPs"
13761                                                                       - "Gs"
13762                                                                       - "Cs"
13763                                                                       - "Ngg"
13764                                                                       - "Tess"
13765                                                                       - "GsTess"
13766                                                                       - "NggTess"
13767
13768     ".internal_pipeline_hash"              sequence of    Required  Internal compiler hash for this pipeline. Lower
13769                                            2 integers               64 bits is the "stable" portion of the hash, used
13770                                                                     for e.g. shader replacement lookup. Upper 64 bits
13771                                                                     is the "unique" portion of the hash, used for
13772                                                                     e.g. pipeline cache lookup. The value is
13773                                                                     implementation defined, and can not be relied on
13774                                                                     between different builds of the compiler.
13775     ".shaders"                             map                      Per-API shader metadata. See
13776                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table`
13777                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13778                                                                     map.
13779     ".hardware_stages"                     map                      Per-hardware stage metadata. See
13780                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table`
13781                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13782                                                                     map.
13783     ".shader_functions"                    map                      Per-shader function metadata. See
13784                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table`
13785                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13786                                                                     map.
13787     ".registers"                           map            Required  Hardware register configuration. See
13788                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table`
13789                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13790                                                                     map.
13791     ".user_data_limit"                     integer                  Number of user data entries accessed by this
13792                                                                     pipeline.
13793     ".spill_threshold"                     integer                  The user data spill threshold.  0xFFFF for
13794                                                                     NoUserDataSpilling.
13795     ".uses_viewport_array_index"           boolean                  Indicates whether or not the pipeline uses the
13796                                                                     viewport array index feature. Pipelines which use
13797                                                                     this feature can render into all 16 viewports,
13798                                                                     whereas pipelines which do not use it are
13799                                                                     restricted to viewport #0.
13800     ".es_gs_lds_size"                      integer                  Size in bytes of LDS space used internally for
13801                                                                     handling data-passing between the ES and GS
13802                                                                     shader stages. This can be zero if the data is
13803                                                                     passed using off-chip buffers. This value should
13804                                                                     be used to program all user-SGPRs which have been
13805                                                                     marked with "UserDataMapping::EsGsLdsSize"
13806                                                                     (typically only the GS and VS HW stages will ever
13807                                                                     have a user-SGPR so marked).
13808     ".nggSubgroupSize"                     integer                  Explicit maximum subgroup size for NGG shaders
13809                                                                     (maximum number of threads in a subgroup).
13810     ".num_interpolants"                    integer                  Graphics only. Number of PS interpolants.
13811     ".mesh_scratch_memory_size"            integer                  Max mesh shader scratch memory used.
13812     ".api"                                 string                   Name of the client graphics API.
13813     ".api_create_info"                     binary                   Graphics API shader create info binary blob. Can
13814                                                                     be defined by the driver using the compiler if
13815                                                                     they want to be able to correlate API-specific
13816                                                                     information used during creation at a later time.
13817     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13818
13819..
13820
13821  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Map
13822     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table
13823
13824
13825     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13826     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                        |
13827     +=============+==============+===================================================================+
13828     |- ".compute" |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table` |
13829     |- ".vertex"  |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.               |
13830     |- ".hull"    |              |                                                                   |
13831     |- ".domain"  |              |                                                                   |
13832     |- ".geometry"|              |                                                                   |
13833     |- ".pixel"   |              |                                                                   |
13834     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13835
13836..
13837
13838  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object API Shader Metadata Map
13839     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table
13840
13841     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13842     String Key           Value Type     Required? Description
13843     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13844     ".api_shader_hash"   sequence of    Required  Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13845                          2 integers               is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13846                                                   different builds of the compiler.
13847     ".hardware_mapping"  sequence of    Required  Flags indicating the HW stages this API shader maps to. Values
13848                          string                   include:
13849
13850                                                     - ".ls"
13851                                                     - ".hs"
13852                                                     - ".es"
13853                                                     - ".gs"
13854                                                     - ".vs"
13855                                                     - ".ps"
13856                                                     - ".cs"
13857
13858     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13859
13860..
13861
13862  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Map
13863     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table
13864
13865     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13866     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                            |
13867     +=============+==============+=======================================================================+
13868     |- ".ls"      |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table` |
13869     |- ".hs"      |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.                   |
13870     |- ".es"      |              |                                                                       |
13871     |- ".gs"      |              |                                                                       |
13872     |- ".vs"      |              |                                                                       |
13873     |- ".ps"      |              |                                                                       |
13874     |- ".cs"      |              |                                                                       |
13875     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13876
13877..
13878
13879  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Metadata Map
13880     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table
13881
13882     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13883     String Key                 Value Type     Required? Description
13884     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13885     ".entry_point"             string                   The ELF symbol pointing to this pipeline's stage entry point.
13886     ".scratch_memory_size"     integer                  Scratch memory size in bytes.
13887     ".lds_size"                integer                  Local Data Share size in bytes.
13888     ".perf_data_buffer_size"   integer                  Performance data buffer size in bytes.
13889     ".vgpr_count"              integer                  Number of VGPRs used.
13890     ".agpr_count"              integer                  Number of AGPRs used.
13891     ".sgpr_count"              integer                  Number of SGPRs used.
13892     ".vgpr_limit"              integer                  If non-zero, indicates the shader was compiled with a
13893                                                         directive to instruct the compiler to limit the VGPR usage to
13894                                                         be less than or equal to the specified value (only set if
13895                                                         different from HW default).
13896     ".sgpr_limit"              integer                  SGPR count upper limit (only set if different from HW
13897                                                         default).
13898     ".threadgroup_dimensions"  sequence of              Thread-group X/Y/Z dimensions (Compute only).
13899                                3 integers
13900     ".wavefront_size"          integer                  Wavefront size (only set if different from HW default).
13901     ".uses_uavs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes UAVs.
13902     ".uses_rovs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes ROVs.
13903     ".writes_uavs"             boolean                  The shader writes to one or more UAVs.
13904     ".writes_depth"            boolean                  The shader writes out a depth value.
13905     ".uses_append_consume"     boolean                  The shader uses append and/or consume operations, either
13906                                                         memory or GDS.
13907     ".uses_prim_id"            boolean                  The shader uses PrimID.
13908     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13909
13910..
13911
13912  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Map
13913     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table
13914
13915     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13916     String Key      Value Type     Description
13917     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13918     *symbol name*   map            *symbol name* is the ELF symbol name of the shader function code
13919                                    entry address. The value is the function's metadata. See
13920                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table`.
13921     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13922
13923..
13924
13925  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Metadata Map
13926     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table
13927
13928     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13929     String Key                    Value Type     Description
13930     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13931     ".api_shader_hash"            sequence of    Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13932                                   2 integers     is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13933                                                  different builds of the compiler.
13934     ".scratch_memory_size"        integer        Size in bytes of scratch memory used by the shader.
13935     ".lds_size"                   integer        Size in bytes of LDS memory.
13936     ".vgpr_count"                 integer        Number of VGPRs used by the shader.
13937     ".sgpr_count"                 integer        Number of SGPRs used by the shader.
13938     ".stack_frame_size_in_bytes"  integer        Amount of stack size used by the shader.
13939     ".shader_subtype"             string         Shader subtype/kind. Values include:
13940
13941                                                    - "Unknown"
13942
13943     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13944
13945..
13946
13947  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Register Map
13948     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table
13949
13950     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13951     32-bit Integer Key         Value Type     Description
13952     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13953     ``reg offset``             32-bit integer ``reg offset`` is the dword offset into the GFXIP register space of
13954                                               a GRBM register (i.e., driver accessible GPU register number, not
13955                                               shader GPR register number). The driver is required to program each
13956                                               specified register to the corresponding specified value when
13957                                               executing this pipeline. Typically, the ``reg offsets`` are the
13958                                               ``uint16_t`` offsets to each register as defined by the hardware
13959                                               chip headers. The register is set to the provided value. However, a
13960                                               ``reg offset`` that specifies a user data register (e.g.,
13961                                               COMPUTE_USER_DATA_0) needs special treatment. See
13962                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section` section for more
13963                                               information.
13964     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13965
13966.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section:
13967
13968User Data
13969+++++++++
13970
13971Each hardware stage has a set of 32-bit physical SPI *user data registers*
13972(either 16 or 32 based on graphics IP and the stage) which can be
13973written from a command buffer and then loaded into SGPRs when waves are
13974launched via a subsequent dispatch or draw operation. This is the way
13975most arguments are passed from the application/runtime to a hardware
13976shader.
13977
13978PAL abstracts this functionality by exposing a set of 128 *user data
13979entries* per pipeline a client can use to pass arguments from a command
13980buffer to one or more shaders in that pipeline. The ELF code object must
13981specify a mapping from virtualized *user data entries* to physical *user
13982data registers*, and PAL is responsible for implementing that mapping,
13983including spilling overflow *user data entries* to memory if needed.
13984
13985Since the *user data registers* are GRBM-accessible SPI registers, this
13986mapping is actually embedded in the ``.registers`` metadata entry. For
13987most registers, the value in that map is a literal 32-bit value that
13988should be written to the register by the driver. However, when the
13989register is a *user data register* (any USER_DATA register e.g.,
13990SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_5), the value is instead an encoding that tells
13991the driver to write either a *user data entry* value or one of several
13992driver-internal values to the register. This encoding is described in
13993the following table:
13994
13995.. note::
13996
13997  Currently, *user data registers* 0 and 1 (e.g., SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_0,
13998  and SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_1) are reserved. *User data register* 0 must
13999  always be programmed to the address of the GlobalTable, and *user data
14000  register* 1 must always be programmed to the address of the PerShaderTable.
14001
14002..
14003
14004  .. table:: AMDPAL User Data Mapping
14005     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-mapping-table
14006
14007     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14008     Value       Name               Description
14009     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14010     0..127      *User Data Entry*  32-bit value of user_data_entry[N] as specified via *CmdSetUserData()*
14011     0x10000000  GlobalTable        32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the global internal table (should
14012                                    always point to *user data register* 0).
14013     0x10000001  PerShaderTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader internal table. See
14014                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section`
14015                                    for more detail (should always point to *user data register* 1).
14016     0x10000002  SpillTable         32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the user data spill table. See
14017                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section` for
14018                                    more detail.
14019     0x10000003  BaseVertex         Vertex offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Not needed if the pipeline doesn't
14020                                    reference the draw index in the vertex shader. Only supported by the first
14021                                    stage in a graphics pipeline.
14022     0x10000004  BaseInstance       Instance offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in
14023                                    a graphics pipeline.
14024     0x10000005  DrawIndex          Draw index (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in a
14025                                    graphics pipeline.
14026     0x10000006  Workgroup          Thread group count (32-bit unsigned integer). Low half of a 64-bit address of
14027                                    a buffer containing the grid dimensions for a Compute dispatch operation. The
14028                                    high half of the address is stored in the next sequential user-SGPR. Only
14029                                    supported by compute pipelines.
14030     0x1000000A  EsGsLdsSize        Indicates that PAL will program this user-SGPR to contain the amount of LDS
14031                                    space used for the ES/GS pseudo-ring-buffer for passing data between shader
14032                                    stages.
14033     0x1000000B  ViewId             View id (32-bit unsigned integer) identifies a view of graphic
14034                                    pipeline instancing.
14035     0x1000000C  StreamOutTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the stream out target SRD table.  This
14036                                    can only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14037     0x1000000D  PerShaderPerfData  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader performance data buffer.
14038     0x1000000F  VertexBufferTable  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the vertex buffer SRD table.  This can
14039                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14040     0x10000010  UavExportTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the UAV export SRD table.  This can
14041                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline (PS). These replace color targets
14042                                    and are completely separate from any UAVs used by the shader. This is optional,
14043                                    and only used by the PS when UAV exports are used to replace color-target
14044                                    exports to optimize specific shaders.
14045     0x10000011  NggCullingData     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the hardware register data needed by
14046                                    some NGG pipelines to perform culling.  This value contains the address of the
14047                                    first of two consecutive registers which provide the full GPU address.
14048     0x10000015  FetchShaderPtr     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the fetch shader subroutine.
14049     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14050
14051.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section:
14052
14053Per-Shader Table
14054################
14055
14056Low 32 bits of the GPU address for an optional buffer in the ``.data``
14057section of the ELF. The high 32 bits of the address match the high 32 bits
14058of the shader's program counter.
14059
14060The buffer can be anything the shader compiler needs it for, and
14061allows each shader to have its own region of the ``.data`` section.
14062Typically, this could be a table of buffer SRD's and the data pointed to
14063by the buffer SRD's, but it could be a flat-address region of memory as
14064well. Its layout and usage are defined by the shader compiler.
14065
14066Each shader's table in the ``.data`` section is referenced by the symbol
14067``_amdgpu_``\ *xs*\ ``_shdr_intrl_data``  where *xs* corresponds with the
14068hardware shader stage the data is for. E.g.,
14069``_amdgpu_cs_shdr_intrl_data`` for the compute shader hardware stage.
14070
14071.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section:
14072
14073Spill Table
14074###########
14075
14076It is possible for a hardware shader to need access to more *user data
14077entries* than there are slots available in user data registers for one
14078or more hardware shader stages. In that case, the PAL runtime expects
14079the necessary *user data entries* to be spilled to GPU memory and use
14080one user data register to point to the spilled user data memory. The
14081value of the *user data entry* must then represent the location where
14082a shader expects to read the low 32-bits of the table's GPU virtual
14083address. The *spill table* itself represents a set of 32-bit values
14084managed by the PAL runtime in GPU-accessible memory that can be made
14085indirectly accessible to a hardware shader.
14086
14087Unspecified OS
14088--------------
14089
14090This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
14091empty (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
14092
14093Trap Handler ABI
14094~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14095
14096For code objects generated by AMDGPU backend for non-amdhsa OS, the runtime does
14097not install a trap handler. The ``llvm.trap`` and ``llvm.debugtrap``
14098instructions are handled as follows:
14099
14100  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for Non-AMDHSA OS
14101     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-non-amdhsa-os-table
14102
14103     =============== =============== ===========================================
14104     Usage           Code Sequence   Description
14105     =============== =============== ===========================================
14106     llvm.trap       s_endpgm        Causes wavefront to be terminated.
14107     llvm.debugtrap  *none*          Compiler warning given that there is no
14108                                     trap handler installed.
14109     =============== =============== ===========================================
14110
14111Source Languages
14112================
14113
14114.. _amdgpu-opencl:
14115
14116OpenCL
14117------
14118
14119When the language is OpenCL the following differences occur:
14120
141211. The OpenCL memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
141222. The AMDGPU backend appends additional arguments to the kernel's explicit
14123   arguments for the AMDHSA OS (see
14124   :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
141253. Additional metadata is generated
14126   (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`).
14127
14128  .. table:: OpenCL kernel implicit arguments appended for AMDHSA OS
14129     :name: opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table
14130
14131     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14132     Position Byte Byte      Description
14133              Size Alignment
14134     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14135     1        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset X
14136     2        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Y
14137     3        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Z
14138     4        8    8         OpenCL address of printf buffer
14139     5        8    8         OpenCL address of virtual queue used by
14140                             enqueue_kernel.
14141     6        8    8         OpenCL address of AqlWrap struct used by
14142                             enqueue_kernel.
14143     7        8    8         Pointer argument used for Multi-gird
14144                             synchronization.
14145     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14146
14147.. _amdgpu-hcc:
14148
14149HCC
14150---
14151
14152When the language is HCC the following differences occur:
14153
141541. The HSA memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
14155
14156.. _amdgpu-assembler:
14157
14158Assembler
14159---------
14160
14161AMDGPU backend has LLVM-MC based assembler which is currently in development.
14162It supports AMDGCN GFX6-GFX10.
14163
14164This section describes general syntax for instructions and operands.
14165
14166Instructions
14167~~~~~~~~~~~~
14168
14169An instruction has the following :doc:`syntax<AMDGPUInstructionSyntax>`:
14170
14171  | ``<``\ *opcode*\ ``> <``\ *operand0*\ ``>, <``\ *operand1*\ ``>,...
14172    <``\ *modifier0*\ ``> <``\ *modifier1*\ ``>...``
14173
14174:doc:`Operands<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>` are comma-separated while
14175:doc:`modifiers<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>` are space-separated.
14176
14177The order of operands and modifiers is fixed.
14178Most modifiers are optional and may be omitted.
14179
14180Links to detailed instruction syntax description may be found in the following
14181table. Note that features under development are not included
14182in this description.
14183
14184    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14185    Architecture  Core ISA                                      ISA Variants and Extensions
14186    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14187    GCN 2         :doc:`GFX7<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7>`             \-
14188    GCN 3, GCN 4  :doc:`GFX8<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8>`             \-
14189    GCN 5         :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx900<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14190
14191                                                                :doc:`gfx902<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14192
14193                                                                :doc:`gfx904<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904>`
14194
14195                                                                :doc:`gfx906<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906>`
14196
14197                                                                :doc:`gfx909<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14198
14199    CDNA 1        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx908<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908>`
14200    CDNA 2        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx90a<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a>`
14201    RDNA 1        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA1<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`     :doc:`gfx1010<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`
14202
14203                                                                :doc:`gfx1011<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14204
14205                                                                :doc:`gfx1012<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14206
14207    RDNA 2        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA2<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`   :doc:`gfx1030<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14208
14209                                                                :doc:`gfx1031<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14210
14211                                                                :doc:`gfx1032<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14212
14213                                                                :doc:`gfx1033<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14214
14215                                                                :doc:`gfx1034<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14216
14217                                                                :doc:`gfx1035<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14218
14219                                                                :doc:`gfx1036<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14220    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14221
14222For more information about instructions, their semantics and supported
14223combinations of operands, refer to one of instruction set architecture manuals
14224[AMD-GCN-GFX6]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_,
14225[AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_,
14226[AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_ and
14227[AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_.
14228
14229Operands
14230~~~~~~~~
14231
14232Detailed description of operands may be found :doc:`here<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>`.
14233
14234Modifiers
14235~~~~~~~~~
14236
14237Detailed description of modifiers may be found
14238:doc:`here<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>`.
14239
14240Instruction Examples
14241~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14242
14243DS
14244++
14245
14246.. code-block:: nasm
14247
14248  ds_add_u32 v2, v4 offset:16
14249  ds_write_src2_b64 v2 offset0:4 offset1:8
14250  ds_cmpst_f32 v2, v4, v6
14251  ds_min_rtn_f64 v[8:9], v2, v[4:5]
14252
14253For full list of supported instructions, refer to "LDS/GDS instructions" in ISA
14254Manual.
14255
14256FLAT
14257++++
14258
14259.. code-block:: nasm
14260
14261  flat_load_dword v1, v[3:4]
14262  flat_store_dwordx3 v[3:4], v[5:7]
14263  flat_atomic_swap v1, v[3:4], v5 glc
14264  flat_atomic_cmpswap v1, v[3:4], v[5:6] glc slc
14265  flat_atomic_fmax_x2 v[1:2], v[3:4], v[5:6] glc
14266
14267For full list of supported instructions, refer to "FLAT instructions" in ISA
14268Manual.
14269
14270MUBUF
14271+++++
14272
14273.. code-block:: nasm
14274
14275  buffer_load_dword v1, off, s[4:7], s1
14276  buffer_store_dwordx4 v[1:4], v2, ttmp[4:7], s1 offen offset:4 glc tfe
14277  buffer_store_format_xy v[1:2], off, s[4:7], s1
14278  buffer_wbinvl1
14279  buffer_atomic_inc v1, v2, s[8:11], s4 idxen offset:4 slc
14280
14281For full list of supported instructions, refer to "MUBUF Instructions" in ISA
14282Manual.
14283
14284SMRD/SMEM
14285+++++++++
14286
14287.. code-block:: nasm
14288
14289  s_load_dword s1, s[2:3], 0xfc
14290  s_load_dwordx8 s[8:15], s[2:3], s4
14291  s_load_dwordx16 s[88:103], s[2:3], s4
14292  s_dcache_inv_vol
14293  s_memtime s[4:5]
14294
14295For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Scalar Memory Operations" in
14296ISA Manual.
14297
14298SOP1
14299++++
14300
14301.. code-block:: nasm
14302
14303  s_mov_b32 s1, s2
14304  s_mov_b64 s[0:1], 0x80000000
14305  s_cmov_b32 s1, 200
14306  s_wqm_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14307  s_bcnt0_i32_b64 s1, s[2:3]
14308  s_swappc_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14309  s_cbranch_join s[4:5]
14310
14311For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP1 Instructions" in ISA
14312Manual.
14313
14314SOP2
14315++++
14316
14317.. code-block:: nasm
14318
14319  s_add_u32 s1, s2, s3
14320  s_and_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s[6:7]
14321  s_cselect_b32 s1, s2, s3
14322  s_andn2_b32 s2, s4, s6
14323  s_lshr_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14324  s_ashr_i32 s2, s4, s6
14325  s_bfm_b64 s[2:3], s4, s6
14326  s_bfe_i64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14327  s_cbranch_g_fork s[4:5], s[6:7]
14328
14329For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP2 Instructions" in ISA
14330Manual.
14331
14332SOPC
14333++++
14334
14335.. code-block:: nasm
14336
14337  s_cmp_eq_i32 s1, s2
14338  s_bitcmp1_b32 s1, s2
14339  s_bitcmp0_b64 s[2:3], s4
14340  s_setvskip s3, s5
14341
14342For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPC Instructions" in ISA
14343Manual.
14344
14345SOPP
14346++++
14347
14348.. code-block:: nasm
14349
14350  s_barrier
14351  s_nop 2
14352  s_endpgm
14353  s_waitcnt 0 ; Wait for all counters to be 0
14354  s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & expcnt(0) & lgkmcnt(0) ; Equivalent to above
14355  s_waitcnt vmcnt(1) ; Wait for vmcnt counter to be 1.
14356  s_sethalt 9
14357  s_sleep 10
14358  s_sendmsg 0x1
14359  s_sendmsg sendmsg(MSG_INTERRUPT)
14360  s_trap 1
14361
14362For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPP Instructions" in ISA
14363Manual.
14364
14365Unless otherwise mentioned, little verification is performed on the operands
14366of SOPP Instructions, so it is up to the programmer to be familiar with the
14367range or acceptable values.
14368
14369VALU
14370++++
14371
14372For vector ALU instruction opcodes (VOP1, VOP2, VOP3, VOPC, VOP_DPP, VOP_SDWA),
14373the assembler will automatically use optimal encoding based on its operands. To
14374force specific encoding, one can add a suffix to the opcode of the instruction:
14375
14376* _e32 for 32-bit VOP1/VOP2/VOPC
14377* _e64 for 64-bit VOP3
14378* _dpp for VOP_DPP
14379* _sdwa for VOP_SDWA
14380
14381VOP1/VOP2/VOP3/VOPC examples:
14382
14383.. code-block:: nasm
14384
14385  v_mov_b32 v1, v2
14386  v_mov_b32_e32 v1, v2
14387  v_nop
14388  v_cvt_f64_i32_e32 v[1:2], v2
14389  v_floor_f32_e32 v1, v2
14390  v_bfrev_b32_e32 v1, v2
14391  v_add_f32_e32 v1, v2, v3
14392  v_mul_i32_i24_e64 v1, v2, 3
14393  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -3, v3
14394  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -100, v3
14395  v_addc_u32 v1, s[0:1], v2, v3, s[2:3]
14396  v_max_f16_e32 v1, v2, v3
14397
14398VOP_DPP examples:
14399
14400.. code-block:: nasm
14401
14402  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[0,2,1,1]
14403  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14404  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 wave_shl:1
14405  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_mirror
14406  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_bcast:31
14407  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[1,3,0,1] row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14408  v_add_f32 v0, v0, |v0| row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14409  v_max_f16 v1, v2, v3 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14410
14411VOP_SDWA examples:
14412
14413.. code-block:: nasm
14414
14415  v_mov_b32 v1, v2 dst_sel:BYTE_0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PRESERVE src0_sel:DWORD
14416  v_min_u32 v200, v200, v1 dst_sel:WORD_1 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:BYTE_1 src1_sel:DWORD
14417  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14418  v_fract_f32 v0, |v0| dst_sel:DWORD dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14419  v_cmpx_le_u32 vcc, v1, v2 src0_sel:BYTE_2 src1_sel:WORD_0
14420
14421For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Vector ALU instructions".
14422
14423.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v2:
14424
14425Code Object V2 Predefined Symbols
14426~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14427
14428.. warning::
14429  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14430  this version of LLVM.
14431
14432The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14433symbols do not affect code generation.
14434
14435.option.machine_version_major
14436+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14437
14438Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14439example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14440value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14441:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14442
14443.option.machine_version_minor
14444+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14445
14446Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14447example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14448value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14449:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14450
14451.option.machine_version_stepping
14452++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14453
14454Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14455For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14456integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14457in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14458
14459.kernel.vgpr_count
14460++++++++++++++++++
14461
14462Set to zero each time a
14463:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14464encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14465than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14466instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that VGPR number plus
14467one.
14468
14469.kernel.sgpr_count
14470++++++++++++++++++
14471
14472Set to zero each time a
14473:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14474encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14475than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14476instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that SGPR number plus
14477one.
14478
14479.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v2:
14480
14481Code Object V2 Directives
14482~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14483
14484.. warning::
14485  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14486  this version of LLVM.
14487
14488AMDGPU ABI defines auxiliary data in output code object. In assembly source,
14489one can specify them with assembler directives.
14490
14491.hsa_code_object_version major, minor
14492+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14493
14494*major* and *minor* are integers that specify the version of the HSA code
14495object that will be generated by the assembler.
14496
14497.hsa_code_object_isa [major, minor, stepping, vendor, arch]
14498+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14499
14500
14501*major*, *minor*, and *stepping* are all integers that describe the instruction
14502set architecture (ISA) version of the assembly program.
14503
14504*vendor* and *arch* are quoted strings. *vendor* should always be equal to
14505"AMD" and *arch* should always be equal to "AMDGPU".
14506
14507By default, the assembler will derive the ISA version, *vendor*, and *arch*
14508from the value of the -mcpu option that is passed to the assembler.
14509
14510.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel:
14511
14512.amdgpu_hsa_kernel (name)
14513+++++++++++++++++++++++++
14514
14515This directives specifies that the symbol with given name is a kernel entry
14516point (label) and the object should contain corresponding symbol of type
14517STT_AMDGPU_HSA_KERNEL.
14518
14519.amd_kernel_code_t
14520++++++++++++++++++
14521
14522This directive marks the beginning of a list of key / value pairs that are used
14523to specify the amd_kernel_code_t object that will be emitted by the assembler.
14524The list must be terminated by the *.end_amd_kernel_code_t* directive. For any
14525amd_kernel_code_t values that are unspecified a default value will be used. The
14526default value for all keys is 0, with the following exceptions:
14527
14528- *amd_code_version_major* defaults to 1.
14529- *amd_kernel_code_version_minor* defaults to 2.
14530- *amd_machine_kind* defaults to 1.
14531- *amd_machine_version_major*, *machine_version_minor*, and
14532  *amd_machine_version_stepping* are derived from the value of the -mcpu option
14533  that is passed to the assembler.
14534- *kernel_code_entry_byte_offset* defaults to 256.
14535- *wavefront_size* defaults 6 for all targets before GFX10. For GFX10 onwards
14536  defaults to 6 if target feature ``wavefrontsize64`` is enabled, otherwise 5.
14537  Note that wavefront size is specified as a power of two, so a value of **n**
14538  means a size of 2^ **n**.
14539- *call_convention* defaults to -1.
14540- *kernarg_segment_alignment*, *group_segment_alignment*, and
14541  *private_segment_alignment* default to 4. Note that alignments are specified
14542  as a power of 2, so a value of **n** means an alignment of 2^ **n**.
14543- *enable_tg_split* defaults to 1 if target feature ``tgsplit`` is enabled for
14544  GFX90A onwards.
14545- *enable_wgp_mode* defaults to 1 if target feature ``cumode`` is disabled for
14546  GFX10 onwards.
14547- *enable_mem_ordered* defaults to 1 for GFX10 onwards.
14548
14549The *.amd_kernel_code_t* directive must be placed immediately after the
14550function label and before any instructions.
14551
14552For a full list of amd_kernel_code_t keys, refer to AMDGPU ABI document,
14553comments in lib/Target/AMDGPU/AmdKernelCodeT.h and test/CodeGen/AMDGPU/hsa.s.
14554
14555.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v2:
14556
14557Code Object V2 Example Source Code
14558~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14559
14560.. warning::
14561  Code Object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14562  this version of LLVM.
14563
14564Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14565
14566.. code::
14567   :number-lines:
14568
14569   .hsa_code_object_version 1,0
14570   .hsa_code_object_isa
14571
14572   .hsatext
14573   .globl  hello_world
14574   .p2align 8
14575   .amdgpu_hsa_kernel hello_world
14576
14577   hello_world:
14578
14579      .amd_kernel_code_t
14580         enable_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr = 1
14581         is_ptr64 = 1
14582         compute_pgm_rsrc1_vgprs = 0
14583         compute_pgm_rsrc1_sgprs = 0
14584         compute_pgm_rsrc2_user_sgpr = 2
14585         compute_pgm_rsrc1_wgp_mode = 0
14586         compute_pgm_rsrc1_mem_ordered = 0
14587         compute_pgm_rsrc1_fwd_progress = 1
14588     .end_amd_kernel_code_t
14589
14590     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14591     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14592     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14593     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14594     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14595     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14596     s_endpgm
14597   .Lfunc_end0:
14598        .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14599
14600.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v3-onwards:
14601
14602Code Object V3 and Above Predefined Symbols
14603~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14604
14605The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14606symbols do not affect code generation.
14607
14608.amdgcn.gfx_generation_number
14609+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14610
14611Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14612example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14613value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14614:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14615
14616.amdgcn.gfx_generation_minor
14617++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14618
14619Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14620example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14621value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14622:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14623
14624.amdgcn.gfx_generation_stepping
14625+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14626
14627Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14628For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14629integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14630in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14631
14632.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr:
14633
14634.amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14635++++++++++++++++++++++
14636
14637Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14638of this symbol is less than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly
14639referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14640that VGPR number plus one.
14641
14642May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr` directive in
14643:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14644
14645May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14646
14647.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr:
14648
14649.amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14650++++++++++++++++++++++
14651
14652Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14653of this symbol is less than or equal the maximum SGPR number explicitly
14654referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14655that SGPR number plus one.
14656
14657May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_spgr` directive in
14658:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14659
14660May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14661
14662.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v3-onwards:
14663
14664Code Object V3 and Above Directives
14665~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14666
14667Directives which begin with ``.amdgcn`` are valid for all ``amdgcn``
14668architecture processors, and are not OS-specific. Directives which begin with
14669``.amdhsa`` are specific to ``amdgcn`` architecture processors when the
14670``amdhsa`` OS is specified. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and
14671:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14672
14673.. _amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target:
14674
14675.amdgcn_target <target-triple> "-" <target-id>
14676++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14677
14678Optional directive which declares the ``<target-triple>-<target-id>`` supported
14679by the containing assembler source file. Used by the assembler to validate
14680command-line options such as ``-triple``, ``-mcpu``, and
14681``--offload-arch=<target-id>``. A non-canonical target ID is allowed. See
14682:ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
14683
14684.. note::
14685
14686  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for this directive differs
14687  from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
14688
14689.amdhsa_kernel <name>
14690+++++++++++++++++++++
14691
14692Creates a correctly aligned AMDHSA kernel descriptor and a symbol,
14693``<name>.kd``, in the current location of the current section. Only valid when
14694the OS is ``amdhsa``. ``<name>`` must be a symbol that labels the first
14695instruction to execute, and does not need to be previously defined.
14696
14697Marks the beginning of a list of directives used to generate the bytes of a
14698kernel descriptor, as described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
14699Directives which may appear in this list are described in
14700:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`. Directives may appear in any order, must
14701be valid for the target being assembled for, and cannot be repeated. Directives
14702support the range of values specified by the field they reference in
14703:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. If a directive is not specified, it is
14704assumed to have its default value, unless it is marked as "Required", in which
14705case it is an error to omit the directive. This list of directives is
14706terminated by an ``.end_amdhsa_kernel`` directive.
14707
14708  .. table:: AMDHSA Kernel Assembler Directives
14709     :name: amdhsa-kernel-directives-table
14710
14711     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14712     Directive                                                Default             Supported On Description
14713     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14714     ``.amdhsa_group_segment_fixed_size``                     0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14715                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14716     ``.amdhsa_private_segment_fixed_size``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14717                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14718     ``.amdhsa_kernarg_size``                                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls KERNARG_SIZE in
14719                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14720     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_count``                              0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls USER_SGPR_COUNT in COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2
14721                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`
14722     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_buffer``             0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_BUFFER in
14723                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14724                                                                                  GFX940)
14725     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_ptr``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR in
14726                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14727     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_queue_ptr``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR in
14728                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14729     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr``                0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR in
14730                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14731     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_id``                        0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID in
14732                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14733     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_flat_scratch_init``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT in
14734                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14735                                                                                  GFX940)
14736     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_size``               0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_SIZE in
14737                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14738     ``.amdhsa_wavefront_size32``                             Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32 in
14739                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14740                                                              Specific
14741                                                              (wavefrontsize64)
14742     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_private_segment_wavefront_offset`` 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14743                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14744                                                                                  GFX940)
14745     ``.amdhsa_enable_private_segment``                       0                   GFX940       Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14746                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14747     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_x``                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X in
14748                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14749     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_y``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y in
14750                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14751     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_z``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z in
14752                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14753     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_info``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO in
14754                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14755     ``.amdhsa_system_vgpr_workitem_id``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID in
14756                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14757                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14758                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`.
14759     ``.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14760                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT in
14761                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14762     ``.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum SGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14763                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14764                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14765     ``.amdhsa_accum_offset``                                 Required            GFX90A,      Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file.
14766                                                                                  GFX940       Used to calculate ACCUM_OFFSET in
14767                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14768     ``.amdhsa_reserve_vcc``                                  1                   GFX6-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use the special VCC SGPR.
14769                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14770                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14771     ``.amdhsa_reserve_flat_scratch``                         1                   GFX7-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use flat instructions to access
14772                                                                                  (except      scratch memory. Used to calculate
14773                                                                                  GFX940)      GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14774                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14775     ``.amdhsa_reserve_xnack_mask``                           Target              GFX8-GFX10   Whether the kernel may trigger XNACK replay.
14776                                                              Feature                          Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14777                                                              Specific                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14778                                                              (xnack)
14779     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_32``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32 in
14780                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14781                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14782                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14783     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_16_64``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64 in
14784                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14785                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14786                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14787     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_32``                         0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32 in
14788                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14789                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14790                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14791     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_16_64``                      3                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64 in
14792                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14793                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14794                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14795     ``.amdhsa_dx10_clamp``                                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP in
14796                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14797     ``.amdhsa_ieee_mode``                                    1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_IEEE_MODE in
14798                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14799     ``.amdhsa_fp16_overflow``                                0                   GFX9-GFX10   Controls FP16_OVFL in
14800                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14801     ``.amdhsa_tg_split``                                     Target              GFX90A,      Controls TG_SPLIT in
14802                                                              Feature             GFX940       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14803                                                              Specific
14804                                                              (tgsplit)
14805     ``.amdhsa_workgroup_processor_mode``                     Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WGP_MODE in
14806                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14807                                                              Specific
14808                                                              (cumode)
14809     ``.amdhsa_memory_ordered``                               1                   GFX10        Controls MEM_ORDERED in
14810                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14811     ``.amdhsa_forward_progress``                             0                   GFX10        Controls FWD_PROGRESS in
14812                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14813     ``.amdhsa_shared_vgpr_count``                            0                   GFX10        Controls SHARED_VGPR_COUNT in
14814                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
14815     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_invalid_op``                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INVALID_OPERATION in
14816                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14817     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_denorm_src``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL_SOURCE in
14818                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14819     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_div_zero``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_DIVISION_BY_ZERO in
14820                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14821     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_overflow``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_OVERFLOW in
14822                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14823     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_underflow``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_UNDERFLOW in
14824                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14825     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_inexact``                    0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INEXACT in
14826                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14827     ``.amdhsa_exception_int_div_zero``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO in
14828                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14829     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14830
14831.amdgpu_metadata
14832++++++++++++++++
14833
14834Optional directive which declares the contents of the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
14835note record (see :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards`).
14836
14837The contents must be in the [YAML]_ markup format, with the same structure and
14838semantics described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
14839:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` or
14840:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
14841
14842This directive is terminated by an ``.end_amdgpu_metadata`` directive.
14843
14844.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v3-onwards:
14845
14846Code Object V3 and Above Example Source Code
14847~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14848
14849Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14850
14851.. code::
14852   :number-lines:
14853
14854   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14855
14856   .text
14857   .globl hello_world
14858   .p2align 8
14859   .type hello_world,@function
14860   hello_world:
14861     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14862     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14863     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14864     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14865     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14866     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14867     s_endpgm
14868   .Lfunc_end0:
14869     .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14870
14871   .rodata
14872   .p2align 6
14873   .amdhsa_kernel hello_world
14874     .amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr 1
14875     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14876     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14877   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14878
14879   .amdgpu_metadata
14880   ---
14881   amdhsa.version:
14882     - 1
14883     - 0
14884   amdhsa.kernels:
14885     - .name: hello_world
14886       .symbol: hello_world.kd
14887       .kernarg_segment_size: 48
14888       .group_segment_fixed_size: 0
14889       .private_segment_fixed_size: 0
14890       .kernarg_segment_align: 4
14891       .wavefront_size: 64
14892       .sgpr_count: 2
14893       .vgpr_count: 3
14894       .max_flat_workgroup_size: 256
14895       .args:
14896         - .size: 8
14897           .offset: 0
14898           .value_kind: global_buffer
14899           .address_space: global
14900           .actual_access: write_only
14901   //...
14902   .end_amdgpu_metadata
14903
14904This kernel is equivalent to the following HIP program:
14905
14906.. code::
14907   :number-lines:
14908
14909   __global__ void hello_world(float *p) {
14910       *p = 3.14159f;
14911   }
14912
14913If an assembly source file contains multiple kernels and/or functions, the
14914:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr` and
14915:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr` symbols may be reset using
14916the ``.set <symbol>, <expression>`` directive. For example, in the case of two
14917kernels, where ``function1`` is only called from ``kernel1`` it is sufficient
14918to group the function with the kernel that calls it and reset the symbols
14919between the two connected components:
14920
14921.. code::
14922   :number-lines:
14923
14924   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14925
14926   // gpr tracking symbols are implicitly set to zero
14927
14928   .text
14929   .globl kern0
14930   .p2align 8
14931   .type kern0,@function
14932   kern0:
14933     // ...
14934     s_endpgm
14935   .Lkern0_end:
14936     .size   kern0, .Lkern0_end-kern0
14937
14938   .rodata
14939   .p2align 6
14940   .amdhsa_kernel kern0
14941     // ...
14942     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14943     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14944   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14945
14946   // reset symbols to begin tracking usage in func1 and kern1
14947   .set .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr, 0
14948   .set .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr, 0
14949
14950   .text
14951   .hidden func1
14952   .global func1
14953   .p2align 2
14954   .type func1,@function
14955   func1:
14956     // ...
14957     s_setpc_b64 s[30:31]
14958   .Lfunc1_end:
14959   .size func1, .Lfunc1_end-func1
14960
14961   .globl kern1
14962   .p2align 8
14963   .type kern1,@function
14964   kern1:
14965     // ...
14966     s_getpc_b64 s[4:5]
14967     s_add_u32 s4, s4, func1@rel32@lo+4
14968     s_addc_u32 s5, s5, func1@rel32@lo+4
14969     s_swappc_b64 s[30:31], s[4:5]
14970     // ...
14971     s_endpgm
14972   .Lkern1_end:
14973     .size   kern1, .Lkern1_end-kern1
14974
14975   .rodata
14976   .p2align 6
14977   .amdhsa_kernel kern1
14978     // ...
14979     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14980     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14981   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14982
14983These symbols cannot identify connected components in order to automatically
14984track the usage for each kernel. However, in some cases careful organization of
14985the kernels and functions in the source file means there is minimal additional
14986effort required to accurately calculate GPR usage.
14987
14988Additional Documentation
14989========================
14990
14991.. [AMD-GCN-GFX6] `AMD Southern Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/12/AMD_Southern_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
14992.. [AMD-GCN-GFX7] `AMD Sea Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/07/AMD_Sea_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`_
14993.. [AMD-GCN-GFX8] `AMD GCN3 Instruction Set Architecture <http://amd-dev.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf>`__
14994.. [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA] `AMD Vega Instruction Set Architecture <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/Vega_Shader_ISA_28July2017.pdf>`__
14995.. [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM] `AMD Vega 7nm Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Vega_7nm_Shader_ISA_26November2019.pdf>`__
14996.. [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1] `AMD Instinct MI100 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA1_Shader_ISA_14December2020.pdf>`__
14997.. [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2] `AMD Instinct MI200 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA2_Shader_ISA_4February2022.pdf>`__
14998.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1] `AMD RDNA 1.0 Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/RDNA_Shader_ISA_5August2019.pdf>`__
14999.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2] `AMD RDNA 2 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/RDNA2_Shader_ISA_November2020.pdf>`__
15000.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000] `AMD R6xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R600_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15001.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000] `AMD R7xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R700-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15002.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000] `AMD Evergreen shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_Evergreen-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15003.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000] `AMD Cayman/Trinity shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_HD_6900_Series_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15004.. [AMD-ROCm] `AMD ROCm™ Platform <https://rocmdocs.amd.com/>`__
15005.. [AMD-ROCm-github] `AMD ROCm™ github <http://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute>`__
15006.. [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes] `AMD ROCm Release Notes <https://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm>`__
15007.. [CLANG-ATTR] `Attributes in Clang <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html>`__
15008.. [DWARF] `DWARF Debugging Information Format <http://dwarfstd.org/>`__
15009.. [ELF] `Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) <http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/>`__
15010.. [HRF] `Heterogeneous-race-free Memory Models <http://benedictgaster.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/asplos269-FINAL.pdf>`__
15011.. [HSA] `Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) Foundation <http://www.hsafoundation.com/>`__
15012.. [MsgPack] `Message Pack <http://www.msgpack.org/>`__
15013.. [OpenCL] `The OpenCL Specification Version 2.0 <http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/specs/opencl-2.0.pdf>`__
15014.. [SEMVER] `Semantic Versioning <https://semver.org/>`__
15015.. [YAML] `YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2 <http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html>`__
15016