1=============================
2User Guide for AMDGPU Backend
3=============================
4
5.. contents::
6   :local:
7
8.. toctree::
9   :hidden:
10
11   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7
12   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8
13   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9
14   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900
15   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904
16   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906
17   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908
18   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a
19   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10
20   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011
21   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1013
22   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030
23   AMDGPUModifierSyntax
24   AMDGPUOperandSyntax
25   AMDGPUInstructionSyntax
26   AMDGPUInstructionNotation
27   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging
28   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack/AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack
29
30Introduction
31============
32
33The AMDGPU backend provides ISA code generation for AMD GPUs, starting with the
34R600 family up until the current GCN families. It lives in the
35``llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU`` directory.
36
37LLVM
38====
39
40.. _amdgpu-target-triples:
41
42Target Triples
43--------------
44
45Use the Clang option ``-target <Architecture>-<Vendor>-<OS>-<Environment>``
46to specify the target triple:
47
48  .. table:: AMDGPU Architectures
49     :name: amdgpu-architecture-table
50
51     ============ ==============================================================
52     Architecture Description
53     ============ ==============================================================
54     ``r600``     AMD GPUs HD2XXX-HD6XXX for graphics and compute shaders.
55     ``amdgcn``   AMD GPUs GCN GFX6 onwards for graphics and compute shaders.
56     ============ ==============================================================
57
58  .. table:: AMDGPU Vendors
59     :name: amdgpu-vendor-table
60
61     ============ ==============================================================
62     Vendor       Description
63     ============ ==============================================================
64     ``amd``      Can be used for all AMD GPU usage.
65     ``mesa3d``   Can be used if the OS is ``mesa3d``.
66     ============ ==============================================================
67
68  .. table:: AMDGPU Operating Systems
69     :name: amdgpu-os
70
71     ============== ============================================================
72     OS             Description
73     ============== ============================================================
74     *<empty>*      Defaults to the *unknown* OS.
75     ``amdhsa``     Compute kernels executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes
76                    such as:
77
78                    - AMD's ROCm™ runtime [AMD-ROCm]_ using the *rocm-amdhsa*
79                      loader on Linux. See *AMD ROCm Platform Release Notes*
80                      [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes]_ for supported hardware and
81                      software.
82                    - AMD's PAL runtime using the *pal-amdhsa* loader on
83                      Windows.
84
85     ``amdpal``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's PAL
86                    runtime using the *pal-amdpal* loader on Windows and Linux
87                    Pro.
88     ``mesa3d``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's Mesa
89                    3D runtime using the *mesa-mesa3d* loader on Linux.
90     ============== ============================================================
91
92  .. table:: AMDGPU Environments
93     :name: amdgpu-environment-table
94
95     ============ ==============================================================
96     Environment  Description
97     ============ ==============================================================
98     *<empty>*    Default.
99     ============ ==============================================================
100
101.. _amdgpu-processors:
102
103Processors
104----------
105
106Use the Clang options ``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>`` to
107specify the AMDGPU processor together with optional target features. See
108:ref:`amdgpu-target-id` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-features` for AMD GPU target
109specific information.
110
111Every processor supports every OS ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`) with the following exceptions:
112
113* ``amdhsa`` is not supported in ``r600`` architecture (see :ref:`amdgpu-architecture-table`).
114
115
116  .. table:: AMDGPU Processors
117     :name: amdgpu-processor-table
118
119     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
120     Processor   Alternative     Target       dGPU/ Target            Target          OS Support      Example
121                 Processor       Triple       APU   Features          Properties      *(see*          Products
122                                 Architecture       Supported                         `amdgpu-os`_
123                                                                                      *and
124                                                                                      corresponding
125                                                                                      runtime release
126                                                                                      notes for
127                                                                                      current
128                                                                                      information and
129                                                                                      level of
130                                                                                      support)*
131     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
132     **Radeon HD 2000/3000 Series (R600)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000]_
133     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134     ``r600``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
135                                                                        support
136                                                                        generic
137                                                                        address
138                                                                        space
139     ``r630``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
140                                                                        support
141                                                                        generic
142                                                                        address
143                                                                        space
144     ``rs880``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
145                                                                        support
146                                                                        generic
147                                                                        address
148                                                                        space
149     ``rv670``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
150                                                                        support
151                                                                        generic
152                                                                        address
153                                                                        space
154     **Radeon HD 4000 Series (R700)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000]_
155     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
156     ``rv710``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
157                                                                        support
158                                                                        generic
159                                                                        address
160                                                                        space
161     ``rv730``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
162                                                                        support
163                                                                        generic
164                                                                        address
165                                                                        space
166     ``rv770``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
167                                                                        support
168                                                                        generic
169                                                                        address
170                                                                        space
171     **Radeon HD 5000 Series (Evergreen)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000]_
172     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
173     ``cedar``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
174                                                                        support
175                                                                        generic
176                                                                        address
177                                                                        space
178     ``cypress``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
179                                                                        support
180                                                                        generic
181                                                                        address
182                                                                        space
183     ``juniper``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
184                                                                        support
185                                                                        generic
186                                                                        address
187                                                                        space
188     ``redwood``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
189                                                                        support
190                                                                        generic
191                                                                        address
192                                                                        space
193     ``sumo``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
194                                                                        support
195                                                                        generic
196                                                                        address
197                                                                        space
198     **Radeon HD 6000 Series (Northern Islands)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000]_
199     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
200     ``barts``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
201                                                                        support
202                                                                        generic
203                                                                        address
204                                                                        space
205     ``caicos``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
206                                                                        support
207                                                                        generic
208                                                                        address
209                                                                        space
210     ``cayman``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
211                                                                        support
212                                                                        generic
213                                                                        address
214                                                                        space
215     ``turks``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
216                                                                        support
217                                                                        generic
218                                                                        address
219                                                                        space
220     **GCN GFX6 (Southern Islands (SI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX6]_
221     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
222     ``gfx600``  - ``tahiti``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
223                                                                        support
224                                                                        generic
225                                                                        address
226                                                                        space
227     ``gfx601``  - ``pitcairn``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
228                 - ``verde``                                            support
229                                                                        generic
230                                                                        address
231                                                                        space
232     ``gfx602``  - ``hainan``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
233                 - ``oland``                                            support
234                                                                        generic
235                                                                        address
236                                                                        space
237     **GCN GFX7 (Sea Islands (CI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_
238     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
239     ``gfx700``  - ``kaveri``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-7000
240                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - A6 Pro-7050B
241                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-7100
242                                                                                                      - A8 Pro-7150B
243                                                                                                      - A10-7300
244                                                                                                      - A10 Pro-7350B
245                                                                                                      - FX-7500
246                                                                                                      - A8-7200P
247                                                                                                      - A10-7400P
248                                                                                                      - FX-7600P
249     ``gfx701``  - ``hawaii``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro W8100
250                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro W9100
251                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro S9150
252                                                                                                      - FirePro S9170
253     ``gfx702``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 290
254                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 290x
255                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R390
256                                                                                                      - Radeon R390x
257     ``gfx703``  - ``kabini``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - E1-2100
258                 - ``mullins``                                          flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - E1-2200
259                                                                        scratch                       - E1-2500
260                                                                                                      - E2-3000
261                                                                                                      - E2-3800
262                                                                                                      - A4-5000
263                                                                                                      - A4-5100
264                                                                                                      - A6-5200
265                                                                                                      - A4 Pro-3340B
266     ``gfx704``  - ``bonaire``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon HD 7790
267                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon HD 8770
268                                                                        scratch                       - R7 260
269                                                                                                      - R7 260X
270     ``gfx705``                  ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  *TBA*
271                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*
272                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
273
274                                                                                                        Add product
275                                                                                                        names.
276
277     **GCN GFX8 (Volcanic Islands (VI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_
278     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
279     ``gfx801``  - ``carrizo``   ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-8500P
280                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Pro A6-8500B
281                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-8600P
282                                                                                                      - Pro A8-8600B
283                                                                                                      - FX-8800P
284                                                                                                      - Pro A12-8800B
285                                                                                                      - A10-8700P
286                                                                                                      - Pro A10-8700B
287                                                                                                      - A10-8780P
288                                                                                                      - A10-9600P
289                                                                                                      - A10-9630P
290                                                                                                      - A12-9700P
291                                                                                                      - A12-9730P
292                                                                                                      - FX-9800P
293                                                                                                      - FX-9830P
294                                                                                                      - E2-9010
295                                                                                                      - A6-9210
296                                                                                                      - A9-9410
297     ``gfx802``  - ``iceland``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 285
298                 - ``tonga``                                            flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 380
299                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 385
300     ``gfx803``  - ``fiji``      ``amdgcn``   dGPU                                    - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 Nano
301                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 Fury
302                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 FuryX
303                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro Duo
304                                                                                                      - FirePro S9300x2
305                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI8
306     \           - ``polaris10`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 470
307                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 480
308                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Instinct MI6
309     \           - ``polaris11`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 460
310                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
311                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
312     ``gfx805``  - ``tongapro``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro S7150
313                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro S7100
314                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro W7100
315                                                                                                      - Mobile FirePro
316                                                                                                        M7170
317     ``gfx810``  - ``stoney``    ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
318                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
319                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
320
321                                                                                                        Add product
322                                                                                                        names.
323
324     **GCN GFX9 (Vega)** [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_
325     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
326     ``gfx900``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Vega
327                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*    Frontier Edition
328                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX Vega 56
329                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
330                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
331                                                                                                        Liquid
332                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI25
333     ``gfx902``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Ryzen 3 2200G
334                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Ryzen 5 2400G
335                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
336     ``gfx904``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack                           - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
337                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*
338                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
339
340                                                                                                        Add product
341                                                                                                        names.
342
343     ``gfx906``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Instinct MI50
344                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon Instinct MI60
345                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon VII
346                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro VII
347     ``gfx908``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc                         - *rocm-amdhsa* - AMD Instinct MI100 Accelerator
348                                                    - xnack           - Absolute
349                                                                        flat
350                                                                        scratch
351     ``gfx909``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
352                                                                        flat
353                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
354
355                                                                                                        Add product
356                                                                                                        names.
357
358     ``gfx90a``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
359                                                    - tgsplit           flat
360                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
361                                                                      - Packed
362                                                                        work-item                       Add product
363                                                                        IDs                             names.
364
365     ``gfx90c``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  - Ryzen 7 4700G
366                                                                        flat                          - Ryzen 7 4700GE
367                                                                        scratch                       - Ryzen 5 4600G
368                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 4600GE
369                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300G
370                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300GE
371                                                                                                      - Ryzen Pro 4000G
372                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4700G
373                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4750GE
374                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G
375                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650GE
376                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G
377                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350GE
378
379     ``gfx940``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Architected                   *TBA*
380                                                    - tgsplit           flat
381                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
382                                                                      - Packed
383                                                                        work-item                       Add product
384                                                                        IDs                             names.
385
386     **GCN GFX10.1 (RDNA 1)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_
387     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
388     ``gfx1010``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5700
389                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5700 XT
390                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Pro 5600 XT
391                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro 5600M
392     ``gfx1011``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode                          - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Pro V520
393                                                    - wavefrontsize64 - Absolute      - *pal-amdhsa*
394                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdpal*
395                                                                        scratch
396     ``gfx1012``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5500
397                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5500 XT
398                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
399     ``gfx1013``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
400                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
401                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
402
403                                                                                                        Add product
404                                                                                                        names.
405
406     **GCN GFX10.3 (RDNA 2)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_
407     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
408     ``gfx1030``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6800
409                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 6800 XT
410                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX 6900 XT
411     ``gfx1031``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6700 XT
412                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
413                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
414     ``gfx1032``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
415                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
416                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
417
418                                                                                                        Add product
419                                                                                                        names.
420
421     ``gfx1033``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
422                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
423                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
424
425                                                                                                        Add product
426                                                                                                        names.
427     ``gfx1034``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
428                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
429                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
430
431                                                                                                        Add product
432                                                                                                        names.
433
434     ``gfx1035``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
435                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
436                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
437                                                                                                        Add product
438                                                                                                        names.
439
440     ``gfx1036``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
441                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
442                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
443
444                                                                                                        Add product
445                                                                                                        names.
446
447     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
448
449.. _amdgpu-target-features:
450
451Target Features
452---------------
453
454Target features control how code is generated to support certain
455processor specific features. Not all target features are supported by
456all processors. The runtime must ensure that the features supported by
457the device used to execute the code match the features enabled when
458generating the code. A mismatch of features may result in incorrect
459execution, or a reduction in performance.
460
461The target features supported by each processor is listed in
462:ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`.
463
464Target features are controlled by exactly one of the following Clang
465options:
466
467``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>``
468
469  The ``-mcpu`` and ``--offload-arch`` can specify the target feature as
470  optional components of the target ID. If omitted, the target feature has the
471  ``any`` value. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
472
473``-m[no-]<target-feature>``
474
475  Target features not specified by the target ID are specified using a
476  separate option. These target features can have an ``on`` or ``off``
477  value.  ``on`` is specified by omitting the ``no-`` prefix, and
478  ``off`` is specified by including the ``no-`` prefix. The default
479  if not specified is ``off``.
480
481For example:
482
483``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack+``
484  Enable the ``xnack`` feature.
485``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack-``
486  Disable the ``xnack`` feature.
487``-mcumode``
488  Enable the ``cumode`` feature.
489``-mno-cumode``
490  Disable the ``cumode`` feature.
491
492  .. table:: AMDGPU Target Features
493     :name: amdgpu-target-features-table
494
495     =============== ============================ ==================================================
496     Target Feature  Clang Option to Control      Description
497     Name
498     =============== ============================ ==================================================
499     cumode          - ``-m[no-]cumode``          Control the wavefront execution mode used
500                                                  when generating code for kernels. When disabled
501                                                  native WGP wavefront execution mode is used,
502                                                  when enabled CU wavefront execution mode is used
503                                                  (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
504
505     sramecc         - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
506                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
507                                                  matching setting for SRAMECC.
508
509                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
510                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
511                                                  with SRAMECC enabled.
512
513                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
514                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
515                                                  with either setting of SRAMECC.
516
517     tgsplit           ``-m[no-]tgsplit``         Enable/disable generating code that assumes
518                                                  work-groups are launched in threadgroup split mode.
519                                                  When enabled the waves of a work-group may be
520                                                  launched in different CUs.
521
522     wavefrontsize64 - ``-m[no-]wavefrontsize64`` Control the wavefront size used when
523                                                  generating code for kernels. When disabled
524                                                  native wavefront size 32 is used, when enabled
525                                                  wavefront size 64 is used.
526
527     xnack           - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
528                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
529                                                  matching setting for XNACK replay.
530
531                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
532                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
533                                                  with XNACK replay enabled.
534
535                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
536                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
537                                                  with either setting of XNACK replay.
538
539                                                  XNACK replay can be used for demand paging and
540                                                  page migration. If enabled in the device, then if
541                                                  a page fault occurs the code may execute
542                                                  incorrectly unless generated with XNACK replay
543                                                  enabled, or generated for code object V4 or above without
544                                                  specifying XNACK replay. Executing code that was
545                                                  generated with XNACK replay enabled, or generated
546                                                  for code object V4 or above without specifying XNACK replay,
547                                                  on a device that does not have XNACK replay
548                                                  enabled will execute correctly but may be less
549                                                  performant than code generated for XNACK replay
550                                                  disabled.
551     =============== ============================ ==================================================
552
553.. _amdgpu-target-id:
554
555Target ID
556---------
557
558AMDGPU supports target IDs. See `Clang Offload Bundler
559<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ for a general
560description. The AMDGPU target specific information is:
561
562**processor**
563  Is an AMDGPU processor or alternative processor name specified in
564  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. The non-canonical form target ID allows both
565  the primary processor and alternative processor names. The canonical form
566  target ID only allow the primary processor name.
567
568**target-feature**
569  Is a target feature name specified in :ref:`amdgpu-target-features-table` that
570  is supported by the processor. The target features supported by each processor
571  is specified in :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. Those that can be specified in
572  a target ID are marked as being controlled by ``-mcpu`` and
573  ``--offload-arch``. Each target feature must appear at most once in a target
574  ID. The non-canonical form target ID allows the target features to be
575  specified in any order. The canonical form target ID requires the target
576  features to be specified in alphabetic order.
577
578.. _amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3:
579
580Code Object V2 to V3 Target ID
581~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
582
583The target ID syntax for code object V2 to V3 is the same as defined in `Clang
584Offload Bundler <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ except
585when used in the :ref:`amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target` assembler
586directive and the bundle entry ID. In those cases it has the following BNF
587syntax:
588
589.. code::
590
591  <target-id> ::== <processor> ( "+" <target-feature> )*
592
593Where a target feature is omitted if *Off* and present if *On* or *Any*.
594
595.. note::
596
597  The code object V2 to V3 cannot represent *Any* and treats it the same as
598  *On*.
599
600.. _amdgpu-embedding-bundled-objects:
601
602Embedding Bundled Code Objects
603------------------------------
604
605AMDGPU supports the HIP and OpenMP languages that perform code object embedding
606as described in `Clang Offload Bundler
607<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_.
608
609.. note::
610
611  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for a bundle entry ID
612  differs from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
613
614.. _amdgpu-address-spaces:
615
616Address Spaces
617--------------
618
619The AMDGPU architecture supports a number of memory address spaces. The address
620space names use the OpenCL standard names, with some additions.
621
622The AMDGPU address spaces correspond to target architecture specific LLVM
623address space numbers used in LLVM IR.
624
625The AMDGPU address spaces are described in
626:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces-table`. Only 64-bit process address spaces are
627supported for the ``amdgcn`` target.
628
629  .. table:: AMDGPU Address Spaces
630     :name: amdgpu-address-spaces-table
631
632     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
633     ..                                                                                     64-Bit Process Address Space
634     --------------------------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------------------------
635     Address Space Name                LLVM IR Address HSA Segment Hardware         Address NULL Value
636                                       Space Number    Name        Name             Size
637     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
638     Generic                           0               flat        flat             64      0x0000000000000000
639     Global                            1               global      global           64      0x0000000000000000
640     Region                            2               N/A         GDS              32      *not implemented for AMDHSA*
641     Local                             3               group       LDS              32      0xFFFFFFFF
642     Constant                          4               constant    *same as global* 64      0x0000000000000000
643     Private                           5               private     scratch          32      0xFFFFFFFF
644     Constant 32-bit                   6               *TODO*                               0x00000000
645     Buffer Fat Pointer (experimental) 7               *TODO*
646     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
647
648**Generic**
649  The generic address space is supported unless the *Target Properties* column
650  of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies *Does not support generic address
651  space*.
652
653  The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support for two fixed
654  ranges of virtual addresses (the private and local apertures), that are
655  outside the range of addressable global memory, to map from a flat address to
656  a private or local address. This uses FLAT instructions that can take a flat
657  address and access global, private (scratch), and group (LDS) memory depending
658  on if the address is within one of the aperture ranges.
659
660  Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and setup in the
661  kernel prologue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat
662  access to LDS requires hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register
663  setup (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
664
665  To convert between a private or group address space address (termed a segment
666  address) and a flat address the base address of the corresponding aperture
667  can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
668  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
669  Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
670  GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline
671  constant registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``.
672  In 64-bit address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is
673  aligned to 2^32 which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or
674  segment to flat.
675
676  A global address space address has the same value when used as a flat address
677  so no conversion is needed.
678
679**Global and Constant**
680  The global and constant address spaces both use global virtual addresses,
681  which are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some
682  virtual addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible
683  by the GPU, and some by both.
684
685  Using the constant address space indicates that the data will not change
686  during the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to
687  be used. As the constant address space could only be modified on the host
688  side, a generic pointer loaded from the constant address space is safe to be
689  assumed as a global pointer since only the device global memory is visible
690  and managed on the host side. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated
691  of volatile data before each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant
692  memory to change values between kernel dispatches.
693
694**Region**
695  The region address space uses the hardware Global Data Store (GDS). All
696  wavefronts executing on the same device will access the same memory for any
697  given region address. However, the same region address accessed by wavefronts
698  executing on different devices will access different memory. It is higher
699  performance than global memory. It is allocated by the runtime. The data
700  store (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
701
702**Local**
703  The local address space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
704  automatically allocated when the hardware creates the wavefronts of a
705  work-group, and freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have
706  terminated. All wavefronts belonging to the same work-group will access the
707  same memory for any given local address. However, the same local address
708  accessed by wavefronts belonging to different work-groups will access
709  different memory. It is higher performance than global memory. The data store
710  (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
711
712**Private**
713  The private address space uses the hardware scratch memory support which
714  automatically allocates memory when it creates a wavefront and frees it when
715  a wavefronts terminates. The memory accessed by a lane of a wavefront for any
716  given private address will be different to the memory accessed by another lane
717  of the same or different wavefront for the same private address.
718
719  If a kernel dispatch uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory from a
720  pool of backing memory allocated by the runtime for each wavefront. The lanes
721  of the wavefront access this using dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping
722  used from private address to backing memory address is:
723
724    ``wavefront-scratch-base +
725    ((private-address / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
726    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address % 4)``
727
728  If each lane of a wavefront accesses the same private address, the
729  interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed and hence requires
730  fewer cache lines to be fetched.
731
732  There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is
733  determined by a wavefront (see
734  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
735
736  Scratch memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer
737  instructions with the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch
738  offset, by the scratch instructions, or by flat instructions. Multi-dword
739  access is not supported except by flat and scratch instructions in
740  GFX9-GFX10.
741
742**Constant 32-bit**
743  *TODO*
744
745**Buffer Fat Pointer**
746  The buffer fat pointer is an experimental address space that is currently
747  unsupported in the backend. It exposes a non-integral pointer that is in
748  the future intended to support the modelling of 128-bit buffer descriptors
749  plus a 32-bit offset into the buffer (in total encapsulating a 160-bit
750  *pointer*), allowing normal LLVM load/store/atomic operations to be used to
751  model the buffer descriptors used heavily in graphics workloads targeting
752  the backend.
753
754.. _amdgpu-memory-scopes:
755
756Memory Scopes
757-------------
758
759This section provides LLVM memory synchronization scopes supported by the AMDGPU
760backend memory model when the target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see
761:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
762
763The memory model supported is based on the HSA memory model [HSA]_ which is
764based in turn on HRF-indirect with scope inclusion [HRF]_. The happens-before
765relation is transitive over the synchronizes-with relation independent of scope
766and synchronizes-with allows the memory scope instances to be inclusive (see
767table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table`).
768
769This is different to the OpenCL [OpenCL]_ memory model which does not have scope
770inclusion and requires the memory scopes to exactly match. However, this
771is conservatively correct for OpenCL.
772
773  .. table:: AMDHSA LLVM Sync Scopes
774     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table
775
776     ======================= ===================================================
777     LLVM Sync Scope         Description
778     ======================= ===================================================
779     *none*                  The default: ``system``.
780
781                             Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
782                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
783                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
784                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
785                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
786
787                             - ``system``.
788                             - ``agent`` and executed by a thread on the same
789                               agent.
790                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
791                               same work-group.
792                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
793                               same wavefront.
794
795     ``agent``               Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
796                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
797                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
798                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
799                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
800
801                             - ``system`` or ``agent`` and executed by a thread
802                               on the same agent.
803                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
804                               same work-group.
805                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
806                               same wavefront.
807
808     ``workgroup``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
809                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
810                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
811                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
812                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
813
814                             - ``system``, ``agent`` or ``workgroup`` and
815                               executed by a thread in the same work-group.
816                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
817                               same wavefront.
818
819     ``wavefront``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
820                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
821                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
822                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
823                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
824
825                             - ``system``, ``agent``, ``workgroup`` or
826                               ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
827                               same wavefront.
828
829     ``singlethread``        Only synchronizes with and participates in
830                             modification and seq_cst total orderings with,
831                             other operations (except image operations) running
832                             in the same thread for all address spaces (for
833                             example, in signal handlers).
834
835     ``one-as``              Same as ``system`` but only synchronizes with other
836                             operations within the same address space.
837
838     ``agent-one-as``        Same as ``agent`` but only synchronizes with other
839                             operations within the same address space.
840
841     ``workgroup-one-as``    Same as ``workgroup`` but only synchronizes with
842                             other operations within the same address space.
843
844     ``wavefront-one-as``    Same as ``wavefront`` but only synchronizes with
845                             other operations within the same address space.
846
847     ``singlethread-one-as`` Same as ``singlethread`` but only synchronizes with
848                             other operations within the same address space.
849     ======================= ===================================================
850
851LLVM IR Intrinsics
852------------------
853
854The AMDGPU backend implements the following LLVM IR intrinsics.
855
856*This section is WIP.*
857
858.. TODO::
859
860   List AMDGPU intrinsics.
861
862LLVM IR Attributes
863------------------
864
865The AMDGPU backend supports the following LLVM IR attributes.
866
867  .. table:: AMDGPU LLVM IR Attributes
868     :name: amdgpu-llvm-ir-attributes-table
869
870     ======================================= ==========================================================
871     LLVM Attribute                          Description
872     ======================================= ==========================================================
873     "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size"="min,max" Specify the minimum and maximum flat work group sizes that
874                                             will be specified when the kernel is dispatched. Generated
875                                             by the ``amdgpu_flat_work_group_size`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
876                                             The implied default value is 1,1024.
877
878     "amdgpu-implicitarg-num-bytes"="n"      Number of kernel argument bytes to add to the kernel
879                                             argument block size for the implicit arguments. This
880                                             varies by OS and language (for OpenCL see
881                                             :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
882     "amdgpu-num-sgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of SGPRs to use. Generated by
883                                             the ``amdgpu_num_sgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
884     "amdgpu-num-vgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of VGPRs to use. Generated by the
885                                             ``amdgpu_num_vgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
886     "amdgpu-waves-per-eu"="m,n"             Specify the minimum and maximum number of waves per
887                                             execution unit. Generated by the ``amdgpu_waves_per_eu``
888                                             CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_. This is an optimization hint,
889                                             and the backend may not be able to satisfy the request. If
890                                             the specified range is incompatible with the function's
891                                             "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size" value, the implied occupancy
892                                             bounds by the workgroup size takes precedence.
893
894     "amdgpu-ieee" true/false.               Specify whether the function expects the IEEE field of the
895                                             mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default for
896                                             the calling convention.
897     "amdgpu-dx10-clamp" true/false.         Specify whether the function expects the DX10_CLAMP field of
898                                             the mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default
899                                             for the calling convention.
900
901     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x"               Indicates the function does not depend on the value of the
902                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.x intrinsic. If a function is marked with this
903                                             attribute, or reached through a call site marked with this attribute,
904                                             the value returned by the intrinsic is undefined. The backend can
905                                             generally infer this during code generation, so typically there is no
906                                             benefit to frontends marking functions with this.
907
908     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-y"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
909                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.y intrinsic.
910
911     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-z"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
912                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.z intrinsic.
913
914     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-x"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
915                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.x intrinsic.
916
917     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-y"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
918                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.y intrinsic.
919
920     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-z"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
921                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.z intrinsic.
922
923     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-ptr"                The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
924                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.ptr intrinsic.
925
926     "amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr"             The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
927                                             llvm.amdgcn.implicitarg.ptr intrinsic.
928
929     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-id"                 The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
930                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.id intrinsic.
931
932     "amdgpu-no-queue-ptr"                   Similar to amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
933                                             llvm.amdgcn.queue.ptr intrinsic. Note that unlike the other ABI hint
934                                             attributes, the queue pointer may be required in situations where the
935                                             intrinsic call does not directly appear in the program. Some subtargets
936                                             require the queue pointer for to handle some addrspacecasts, as well
937                                             as the llvm.amdgcn.is.shared, llvm.amdgcn.is.private, llvm.trap, and
938                                             llvm.debug intrinsics.
939
940     "amdgpu-no-hostcall-ptr"                Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
941                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to the hostcall buffer. If this
942                                             attribute is absent, then the amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
943
944     "amdgpu-no-heap-ptr"                    Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
945                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to an initialized memory buffer
946                                             that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free device library V1
947                                             version implementation. If this attribute is absent, then the
948                                             amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
949
950     "amdgpu-no-multigrid-sync-arg"          Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
951                                             kernel argument that holds the multigrid synchronization pointer. If this
952                                             attribute is absent, then the amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
953     ======================================= ==========================================================
954
955.. _amdgpu-elf-code-object:
956
957ELF Code Object
958===============
959
960The AMDGPU backend generates a standard ELF [ELF]_ relocatable code object that
961can be linked by ``lld`` to produce a standard ELF shared code object which can
962be loaded and executed on an AMDGPU target.
963
964.. _amdgpu-elf-header:
965
966Header
967------
968
969The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header:
970
971  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header
972     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-table
973
974     ========================== ===============================
975     Field                      Value
976     ========================== ===============================
977     ``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``      ``ELFCLASS64``
978     ``e_ident[EI_DATA]``       ``ELFDATA2LSB``
979     ``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``      - ``ELFOSABI_NONE``
980                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``
981                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``
982                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
983     ``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]`` - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2``
984                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3``
985                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4``
986                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5``
987                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``
988                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
989     ``e_type``                 - ``ET_REL``
990                                - ``ET_DYN``
991     ``e_machine``              ``EM_AMDGPU``
992     ``e_entry``                0
993     ``e_flags``                See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table`,
994                                :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3`,
995                                and :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`
996     ========================== ===============================
997
998..
999
1000  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header Enumeration Values
1001     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-enumeration-values-table
1002
1003     =============================== =====
1004     Name                            Value
1005     =============================== =====
1006     ``EM_AMDGPU``                   224
1007     ``ELFOSABI_NONE``               0
1008     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``         64
1009     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``         65
1010     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``      66
1011     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` 0
1012     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` 1
1013     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` 2
1014     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` 3
1015     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``    0
1016     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` 0
1017     =============================== =====
1018
1019``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``
1020  The ELF class is:
1021
1022  * ``ELFCLASS32`` for ``r600`` architecture.
1023
1024  * ``ELFCLASS64`` for ``amdgcn`` architecture which only supports 64-bit
1025    process address space applications.
1026
1027``e_ident[EI_DATA]``
1028  All AMDGPU targets use ``ELFDATA2LSB`` for little-endian byte ordering.
1029
1030``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``
1031  One of the following AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABIs
1032  (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`):
1033
1034  * ``ELFOSABI_NONE`` for *unknown* OS.
1035
1036  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA`` for ``amdhsa`` OS.
1037
1038  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL`` for ``amdpal`` OS.
1039
1040  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` for ``mesa3D`` OS.
1041
1042``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]``
1043  The ABI version of the AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABI to which the code
1044  object conforms:
1045
1046  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1047    runtime ABI for code object V2. Specify using the Clang option
1048    ``-mcode-object-version=2``.
1049
1050  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1051    runtime ABI for code object V3. Specify using the Clang option
1052    ``-mcode-object-version=3``.
1053
1054  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1055    runtime ABI for code object V4. Specify using the Clang option
1056    ``-mcode-object-version=4``. This is the default code object
1057    version if not specified.
1058
1059  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1060    runtime ABI for code object V5. Specify using the Clang option
1061    ``-mcode-object-version=5``.
1062
1063  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL`` is used to specify the version of AMD PAL
1064    runtime ABI.
1065
1066  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` is used to specify the version of AMD MESA
1067    3D runtime ABI.
1068
1069``e_type``
1070  Can be one of the following values:
1071
1072
1073  ``ET_REL``
1074    The type produced by the AMDGPU backend compiler as it is relocatable code
1075    object.
1076
1077  ``ET_DYN``
1078    The type produced by the linker as it is a shared code object.
1079
1080  The AMD HSA runtime loader requires a ``ET_DYN`` code object.
1081
1082``e_machine``
1083  The value ``EM_AMDGPU`` is used for the machine for all processors supported
1084  by the ``r600`` and ``amdgcn`` architectures (see
1085  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`). The specific processor is specified in the
1086  ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record for code object V2 (see
1087  :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`) and in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit field of the
1088  ``e_flags`` for code object V3 and above (see
1089  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3` and
1090  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`).
1091
1092``e_entry``
1093  The entry point is 0 as the entry points for individual kernels must be
1094  selected in order to invoke them through AQL packets.
1095
1096``e_flags``
1097  The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header flags:
1098
1099  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V2
1100     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table
1101
1102     ===================================== ===== =============================
1103     Name                                  Value Description
1104     ===================================== ===== =============================
1105     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2``        0x01  Indicates if the ``xnack``
1106                                                 target feature is
1107                                                 enabled for all code
1108                                                 contained in the code object.
1109                                                 If the processor
1110                                                 does not support the
1111                                                 ``xnack`` target
1112                                                 feature then must
1113                                                 be 0.
1114                                                 See
1115                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1116     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_TRAP_HANDLER_V2`` 0x02  Indicates if the trap
1117                                                 handler is enabled for all
1118                                                 code contained in the code
1119                                                 object. If the processor
1120                                                 does not support a trap
1121                                                 handler then must be 0.
1122                                                 See
1123                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1124     ===================================== ===== =============================
1125
1126  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V3
1127     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3
1128
1129     ================================= ===== =============================
1130     Name                              Value Description
1131     ================================= ===== =============================
1132     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1133                                             mask for
1134                                             ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1135                                             defined in
1136                                             :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1137     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V3``    0x100 Indicates if the ``xnack``
1138                                             target feature is
1139                                             enabled for all code
1140                                             contained in the code object.
1141                                             If the processor
1142                                             does not support the
1143                                             ``xnack`` target
1144                                             feature then must
1145                                             be 0.
1146                                             See
1147                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1148     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V3``  0x200 Indicates if the ``sramecc``
1149                                             target feature is
1150                                             enabled for all code
1151                                             contained in the code object.
1152                                             If the processor
1153                                             does not support the
1154                                             ``sramecc`` target
1155                                             feature then must
1156                                             be 0.
1157                                             See
1158                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1159     ================================= ===== =============================
1160
1161  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V4 and After
1162     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards
1163
1164     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1165     Name                                         Value      Description
1166     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1167     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                           0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1168                                                        mask for
1169                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1170                                                        defined in
1171                                                        :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1172     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V4``               0x300 XNACK selection mask for
1173                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_*_V4``
1174                                                        values.
1175     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_UNSUPPORTED_V4``   0x000 XNACK unsuppored.
1176     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ANY_V4``           0x100 XNACK can have any value.
1177     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_OFF_V4``           0x200 XNACK disabled.
1178     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ON_V4``            0x300 XNACK enabled.
1179     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V4``             0xc00 SRAMECC selection mask for
1180                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_*_V4``
1181                                                        values.
1182     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_UNSUPPORTED_V4`` 0x000 SRAMECC unsuppored.
1183     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ANY_V4``         0x400 SRAMECC can have any value.
1184     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_OFF_V4``         0x800 SRAMECC disabled,
1185     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ON_V4``          0xc00 SRAMECC enabled.
1186     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1187
1188  .. table:: AMDGPU ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` Values
1189     :name: amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table
1190
1191     ==================================== ========== =============================
1192     Name                                 Value      Description (see
1193                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`)
1194     ==================================== ========== =============================
1195     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_NONE``              0x000      *not specified*
1196     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R600``         0x001      ``r600``
1197     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R630``         0x002      ``r630``
1198     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RS880``        0x003      ``rs880``
1199     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV670``        0x004      ``rv670``
1200     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV710``        0x005      ``rv710``
1201     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV730``        0x006      ``rv730``
1202     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV770``        0x007      ``rv770``
1203     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CEDAR``        0x008      ``cedar``
1204     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CYPRESS``      0x009      ``cypress``
1205     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_JUNIPER``      0x00a      ``juniper``
1206     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_REDWOOD``      0x00b      ``redwood``
1207     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_SUMO``         0x00c      ``sumo``
1208     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_BARTS``        0x00d      ``barts``
1209     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAICOS``       0x00e      ``caicos``
1210     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAYMAN``       0x00f      ``cayman``
1211     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_TURKS``        0x010      ``turks``
1212     *reserved*                           0x011 -    Reserved for ``r600``
1213                                          0x01f      architecture processors.
1214     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX600``     0x020      ``gfx600``
1215     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX601``     0x021      ``gfx601``
1216     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX700``     0x022      ``gfx700``
1217     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX701``     0x023      ``gfx701``
1218     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX702``     0x024      ``gfx702``
1219     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX703``     0x025      ``gfx703``
1220     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX704``     0x026      ``gfx704``
1221     *reserved*                           0x027      Reserved.
1222     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX801``     0x028      ``gfx801``
1223     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX802``     0x029      ``gfx802``
1224     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX803``     0x02a      ``gfx803``
1225     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX810``     0x02b      ``gfx810``
1226     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX900``     0x02c      ``gfx900``
1227     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX902``     0x02d      ``gfx902``
1228     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX904``     0x02e      ``gfx904``
1229     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX906``     0x02f      ``gfx906``
1230     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX908``     0x030      ``gfx908``
1231     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX909``     0x031      ``gfx909``
1232     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90C``     0x032      ``gfx90c``
1233     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1010``    0x033      ``gfx1010``
1234     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1011``    0x034      ``gfx1011``
1235     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1012``    0x035      ``gfx1012``
1236     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1030``    0x036      ``gfx1030``
1237     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1031``    0x037      ``gfx1031``
1238     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1032``    0x038      ``gfx1032``
1239     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1033``    0x039      ``gfx1033``
1240     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX602``     0x03a      ``gfx602``
1241     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX705``     0x03b      ``gfx705``
1242     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX805``     0x03c      ``gfx805``
1243     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1035``    0x03d      ``gfx1035``
1244     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1034``    0x03e      ``gfx1034``
1245     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90A``     0x03f      ``gfx90a``
1246     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX940``     0x040      ``gfx940``
1247     *reserved*                           0x041      Reserved.
1248     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1013``    0x042      ``gfx1013``
1249     *reserved*                           0x043      Reserved.
1250     *reserved*                           0x044      Reserved.
1251     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1036``    0x045      ``gfx1036``
1252     ==================================== ========== =============================
1253
1254Sections
1255--------
1256
1257An AMDGPU target ELF code object has the standard ELF sections which include:
1258
1259  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Sections
1260     :name: amdgpu-elf-sections-table
1261
1262     ================== ================ =================================
1263     Name               Type             Attributes
1264     ================== ================ =================================
1265     ``.bss``           ``SHT_NOBITS``   ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1266     ``.data``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1267     ``.debug_``\ *\**  ``SHT_PROGBITS`` *none*
1268     ``.dynamic``       ``SHT_DYNAMIC``  ``SHF_ALLOC``
1269     ``.dynstr``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1270     ``.dynsym``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1271     ``.got``           ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1272     ``.hash``          ``SHT_HASH``     ``SHF_ALLOC``
1273     ``.note``          ``SHT_NOTE``     *none*
1274     ``.rela``\ *name*  ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1275     ``.rela.dyn``      ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1276     ``.rodata``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1277     ``.shstrtab``      ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1278     ``.strtab``        ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1279     ``.symtab``        ``SHT_SYMTAB``   *none*
1280     ``.text``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_EXECINSTR``
1281     ================== ================ =================================
1282
1283These sections have their standard meanings (see [ELF]_) and are only generated
1284if needed.
1285
1286``.debug``\ *\**
1287  The standard DWARF sections. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information` for
1288  information on the DWARF produced by the AMDGPU backend.
1289
1290``.dynamic``, ``.dynstr``, ``.dynsym``, ``.hash``
1291  The standard sections used by a dynamic loader.
1292
1293``.note``
1294  See :ref:`amdgpu-note-records` for the note records supported by the AMDGPU
1295  backend.
1296
1297``.rela``\ *name*, ``.rela.dyn``
1298  For relocatable code objects, *name* is the name of the section that the
1299  relocation records apply. For example, ``.rela.text`` is the section name for
1300  relocation records associated with the ``.text`` section.
1301
1302  For linked shared code objects, ``.rela.dyn`` contains all the relocation
1303  records from each of the relocatable code object's ``.rela``\ *name* sections.
1304
1305  See :ref:`amdgpu-relocation-records` for the relocation records supported by
1306  the AMDGPU backend.
1307
1308``.text``
1309  The executable machine code for the kernels and functions they call. Generated
1310  as position independent code. See :ref:`amdgpu-code-conventions` for
1311  information on conventions used in the isa generation.
1312
1313.. _amdgpu-note-records:
1314
1315Note Records
1316------------
1317
1318The AMDGPU backend code object contains ELF note records in the ``.note``
1319section. The set of generated notes and their semantics depend on the code
1320object version; see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2` and
1321:ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`.
1322
1323As required by ``ELFCLASS32`` and ``ELFCLASS64``, minimal zero-byte padding
1324must be generated after the ``name`` field to ensure the ``desc`` field is 4
1325byte aligned. In addition, minimal zero-byte padding must be generated to
1326ensure the ``desc`` field size is a multiple of 4 bytes. The ``sh_addralign``
1327field of the ``.note`` section must be at least 4 to indicate at least 8 byte
1328alignment.
1329
1330.. _amdgpu-note-records-v2:
1331
1332Code Object V2 Note Records
1333~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1334
1335.. warning::
1336  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
1337  this version of LLVM.
1338
1339The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1340``.note`` section when compiling for code object V2.
1341
1342The note record vendor field is "AMD".
1343
1344Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1345are deprecated and should not be used.
1346
1347  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Records
1348     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-v2-table
1349
1350     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1351     Name  Type                                  Description
1352     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1353     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    Code object version.
1354     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  HSAIL properties generated by the HSAIL
1355                                                 Finalizer and not the LLVM compiler.
1356     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            Target ISA version.
1357     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               Metadata null terminated string in
1358                                                 YAML [YAML]_ textual format.
1359     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               Target ISA name.
1360     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1361
1362..
1363
1364  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1365     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-v2-table
1366
1367     ===================================== =====
1368     Name                                  Value
1369     ===================================== =====
1370     ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    1
1371     ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  2
1372     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            3
1373     *reserved*                            4-9
1374     ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               10
1375     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               11
1376     ===================================== =====
1377
1378``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``
1379  Specifies the code object version number. The description field has the
1380  following layout:
1381
1382  .. code:: c
1383
1384    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_code_object_version_s {
1385      uint32_t major_version;
1386      uint32_t minor_version;
1387    };
1388
1389  The ``major_version`` has a value less than or equal to 2.
1390
1391``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``
1392  Specifies the HSAIL properties used by the HSAIL Finalizer. The description
1393  field has the following layout:
1394
1395  .. code:: c
1396
1397    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_hsail_s {
1398      uint32_t hsail_major_version;
1399      uint32_t hsail_minor_version;
1400      uint8_t profile;
1401      uint8_t machine_model;
1402      uint8_t default_float_round;
1403    };
1404
1405``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``
1406  Specifies the target ISA version. The description field has the following layout:
1407
1408  .. code:: c
1409
1410    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_isa_s {
1411      uint16_t vendor_name_size;
1412      uint16_t architecture_name_size;
1413      uint32_t major;
1414      uint32_t minor;
1415      uint32_t stepping;
1416      char vendor_and_architecture_name[1];
1417    };
1418
1419  ``vendor_name_size`` and ``architecture_name_size`` are the length of the
1420  vendor and architecture names respectively, including the NUL character.
1421
1422  ``vendor_and_architecture_name`` contains the NUL terminates string for the
1423  vendor, immediately followed by the NUL terminated string for the
1424  architecture.
1425
1426  This note record is used by the HSA runtime loader.
1427
1428  Code object V2 only supports a limited number of processors and has fixed
1429  settings for target features. See
1430  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a list of
1431  processors and the corresponding target ID. In the table the note record ISA
1432  name is a concatenation of the vendor name, architecture name, major, minor,
1433  and stepping separated by a ":".
1434
1435  The target ID column shows the processor name and fixed target features used
1436  by the LLVM compiler. The LLVM compiler does not generate a
1437  ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record.
1438
1439  A code object generated by the Finalizer also uses code object V2 and always
1440  generates a ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record. The processor name and
1441  ``sramecc`` target feature is as shown in
1442  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` but the ``xnack``
1443  target feature is specified by the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags``
1444  bit.
1445
1446``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``
1447  Specifies the target ISA name as a non-NUL terminated string.
1448
1449  This note record is not used by the HSA runtime loader.
1450
1451  See the ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record description of the code object
1452  V2's limited support of processors and fixed settings for target features.
1453
1454  See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a mapping
1455  from the string to the corresponding target ID. If the ``xnack`` target
1456  feature is supported and enabled, the string produced by the LLVM compiler
1457  will may have a ``+xnack`` appended. The Finlizer did not do the appending and
1458  instead used the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags`` bit.
1459
1460``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``
1461  Specifies extensible metadata associated with the code objects executed on HSA
1462  [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). It is required when the
1463  target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). See
1464  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2` for the syntax of the code object
1465  metadata string.
1466
1467  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 Supported Processors and Fixed Target Feature Settings
1468     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table
1469
1470     ===================== ==========================
1471     Note Record ISA Name  Target ID
1472     ===================== ==========================
1473     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:0``  ``gfx600``
1474     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:1``  ``gfx601``
1475     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:2``  ``gfx602``
1476     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:0``  ``gfx700``
1477     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:1``  ``gfx701``
1478     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:2``  ``gfx702``
1479     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:3``  ``gfx703``
1480     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:4``  ``gfx704``
1481     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:5``  ``gfx705``
1482     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:0``  ``gfx802``
1483     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:1``  ``gfx801:xnack+``
1484     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:2``  ``gfx802``
1485     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:3``  ``gfx803``
1486     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:4``  ``gfx803``
1487     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:5``  ``gfx805``
1488     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:1:0``  ``gfx810:xnack+``
1489     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:0``  ``gfx900:xnack-``
1490     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:1``  ``gfx900:xnack+``
1491     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:2``  ``gfx902:xnack-``
1492     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:3``  ``gfx902:xnack+``
1493     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:4``  ``gfx904:xnack-``
1494     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:5``  ``gfx904:xnack+``
1495     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:6``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack-``
1496     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:7``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack+``
1497     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:12`` ``gfx90c:xnack-``
1498     ===================== ==========================
1499
1500.. _amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards:
1501
1502Code Object V3 and Above Note Records
1503~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1504
1505The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1506``.note`` section when compiling for code object V3 and above.
1507
1508The note record vendor field is "AMDGPU".
1509
1510Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1511are deprecated and should not be used.
1512
1513  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Records
1514     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards
1515
1516     ======== ============================== ======================================
1517     Name     Type                           Description
1518     ======== ============================== ======================================
1519     "AMDGPU" ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         Metadata in Message Pack [MsgPack]_
1520                                             binary format.
1521     ======== ============================== ======================================
1522
1523..
1524
1525  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1526     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-table-v3-onwards
1527
1528     ============================== =====
1529     Name                           Value
1530     ============================== =====
1531     *reserved*                     0-31
1532     ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         32
1533     ============================== =====
1534
1535``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
1536  Specifies extensible metadata associated with an AMDGPU code object. It is
1537  encoded as a map in the Message Pack [MsgPack]_ binary data format. See
1538  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
1539  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
1540  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5` for the map keys defined for the
1541  ``amdhsa`` OS.
1542
1543.. _amdgpu-symbols:
1544
1545Symbols
1546-------
1547
1548Symbols include the following:
1549
1550  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Symbols
1551     :name: amdgpu-elf-symbols-table
1552
1553     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1554     Name                  Type               Section          Description
1555     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1556     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.data``      Global variable
1557                                              - ``.rodata``
1558                                              - ``.bss``
1559     *link-name*\ ``.kd``  ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.rodata``    Kernel descriptor
1560     *link-name*           ``STT_FUNC``       - ``.text``      Kernel entry point
1561     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - SHN_AMDGPU_LDS Global variable in LDS
1562     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1563
1564Global variable
1565  Global variables both used and defined by the compilation unit.
1566
1567  If the symbol is defined in the compilation unit then it is allocated in the
1568  appropriate section according to if it has initialized data or is readonly.
1569
1570  If the symbol is external then its section is ``STN_UNDEF`` and the loader
1571  will resolve relocations using the definition provided by another code object
1572  or explicitly defined by the runtime.
1573
1574  If the symbol resides in local/group memory (LDS) then its section is the
1575  special processor specific section name ``SHN_AMDGPU_LDS``, and the
1576  ``st_value`` field describes alignment requirements as it does for common
1577  symbols.
1578
1579  .. TODO::
1580
1581     Add description of linked shared object symbols. Seems undefined symbols
1582     are marked as STT_NOTYPE.
1583
1584Kernel descriptor
1585  Every HSA kernel has an associated kernel descriptor. It is the address of the
1586  kernel descriptor that is used in the AQL dispatch packet used to invoke the
1587  kernel, not the kernel entry point. The layout of the HSA kernel descriptor is
1588  defined in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
1589
1590Kernel entry point
1591  Every HSA kernel also has a symbol for its machine code entry point.
1592
1593.. _amdgpu-relocation-records:
1594
1595Relocation Records
1596------------------
1597
1598AMDGPU backend generates ``Elf64_Rela`` relocation records. Supported
1599relocatable fields are:
1600
1601``word32``
1602  This specifies a 32-bit field occupying 4 bytes with arbitrary byte
1603  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1604  AMDGPU architecture.
1605
1606``word64``
1607  This specifies a 64-bit field occupying 8 bytes with arbitrary byte
1608  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1609  AMDGPU architecture.
1610
1611Following notations are used for specifying relocation calculations:
1612
1613**A**
1614  Represents the addend used to compute the value of the relocatable field.
1615
1616**G**
1617  Represents the offset into the global offset table at which the relocation
1618  entry's symbol will reside during execution.
1619
1620**GOT**
1621  Represents the address of the global offset table.
1622
1623**P**
1624  Represents the place (section offset for ``et_rel`` or address for ``et_dyn``)
1625  of the storage unit being relocated (computed using ``r_offset``).
1626
1627**S**
1628  Represents the value of the symbol whose index resides in the relocation
1629  entry. Relocations not using this must specify a symbol index of
1630  ``STN_UNDEF``.
1631
1632**B**
1633  Represents the base address of a loaded executable or shared object which is
1634  the difference between the ELF address and the actual load address.
1635  Relocations using this are only valid in executable or shared objects.
1636
1637The following relocation types are supported:
1638
1639  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Relocation Records
1640     :name: amdgpu-elf-relocation-records-table
1641
1642     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1643     Relocation Type            Kind    Value  Field       Calculation
1644     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1645     ``R_AMDGPU_NONE``                  0      *none*      *none*
1646     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO``      Static, 1      ``word32``  (S + A) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1647                                Dynamic
1648     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI``      Static, 2      ``word32``  (S + A) >> 32
1649                                Dynamic
1650     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``         Static, 3      ``word64``  S + A
1651                                Dynamic
1652     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32``         Static  4      ``word32``  S + A - P
1653     ``R_AMDGPU_REL64``         Static  5      ``word64``  S + A - P
1654     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32``         Static, 6      ``word32``  S + A
1655                                Dynamic
1656     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL``      Static  7      ``word32``  G + GOT + A - P
1657     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_LO`` Static  8      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1658     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_HI`` Static  9      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) >> 32
1659     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_LO``      Static  10     ``word32``  (S + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1660     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_HI``      Static  11     ``word32``  (S + A - P) >> 32
1661     *reserved*                         12
1662     ``R_AMDGPU_RELATIVE64``    Dynamic 13     ``word64``  B + A
1663     ``R_AMDGPU_REL16``         Static  14     ``word16``  ((S + A - P) - 4) / 4
1664     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1665
1666``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO`` and ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI`` are only supported by
1667the ``mesa3d`` OS, which does not support ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``.
1668
1669There is no current OS loader support for 32-bit programs and so
1670``R_AMDGPU_ABS32`` is not used.
1671
1672.. _amdgpu-loaded-code-object-path-uniform-resource-identifier:
1673
1674Loaded Code Object Path Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
1675---------------------------------------------------------
1676
1677The AMD GPU code object loader represents the path of the ELF shared object from
1678which the code object was loaded as a textual Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
1679Note that the code object is the in memory loaded relocated form of the ELF
1680shared object.  Multiple code objects may be loaded at different memory
1681addresses in the same process from the same ELF shared object.
1682
1683The loaded code object path URI syntax is defined by the following BNF syntax:
1684
1685.. code::
1686
1687  code_object_uri ::== file_uri | memory_uri
1688  file_uri        ::== "file://" file_path [ range_specifier ]
1689  memory_uri      ::== "memory://" process_id range_specifier
1690  range_specifier ::== [ "#" | "?" ] "offset=" number "&" "size=" number
1691  file_path       ::== URI_ENCODED_OS_FILE_PATH
1692  process_id      ::== DECIMAL_NUMBER
1693  number          ::== HEX_NUMBER | DECIMAL_NUMBER | OCTAL_NUMBER
1694
1695**number**
1696  Is a C integral literal where hexadecimal values are prefixed by "0x" or "0X",
1697  and octal values by "0".
1698
1699**file_path**
1700  Is the file's path specified as a URI encoded UTF-8 string. In URI encoding,
1701  every character that is not in the regular expression ``[a-zA-Z0-9/_.~-]`` is
1702  encoded as two uppercase hexadecimal digits proceeded by "%".  Directories in
1703  the path are separated by "/".
1704
1705**offset**
1706  Is a 0-based byte offset to the start of the code object.  For a file URI, it
1707  is from the start of the file specified by the ``file_path``, and if omitted
1708  defaults to 0. For a memory URI, it is the memory address and is required.
1709
1710**size**
1711  Is the number of bytes in the code object.  For a file URI, if omitted it
1712  defaults to the size of the file.  It is required for a memory URI.
1713
1714**process_id**
1715  Is the identity of the process owning the memory.  For Linux it is the C
1716  unsigned integral decimal literal for the process ID (PID).
1717
1718For example:
1719
1720.. code::
1721
1722  file:///dir1/dir2/file1
1723  file:///dir3/dir4/file2#offset=0x2000&size=3000
1724  memory://1234#offset=0x20000&size=3000
1725
1726.. _amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information:
1727
1728DWARF Debug Information
1729=======================
1730
1731.. warning::
1732
1733   This section describes **provisional support** for AMDGPU DWARF [DWARF]_ that
1734   is not currently fully implemented and is subject to change.
1735
1736AMDGPU generates DWARF [DWARF]_ debugging information ELF sections (see
1737:ref:`amdgpu-elf-code-object`) which contain information that maps the code
1738object executable code and data to the source language constructs. It can be
1739used by tools such as debuggers and profilers. It uses features defined in
1740:doc:`AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging` that are made available in
1741DWARF Version 4 and DWARF Version 5 as an LLVM vendor extension.
1742
1743This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture specific DWARF mappings.
1744
1745.. _amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier:
1746
1747Register Identifier
1748-------------------
1749
1750This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture register numbers used in
1751DWARF operation expressions (see DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
1752:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`) and Call Frame Information
1753instructions (see DWARF Version 5 section 6.4 and
1754:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`).
1755
1756A single code object can contain code for kernels that have different wavefront
1757sizes. The vector registers and some scalar registers are based on the wavefront
1758size. AMDGPU defines distinct DWARF registers for each wavefront size. This
1759simplifies the consumer of the DWARF so that each register has a fixed size,
1760rather than being dynamic according to the wavefront size mode. Similarly,
1761distinct DWARF registers are defined for those registers that vary in size
1762according to the process address size. This allows a consumer to treat a
1763specific AMDGPU processor as a single architecture regardless of how it is
1764configured at run time. The compiler explicitly specifies the DWARF registers
1765that match the mode in which the code it is generating will be executed.
1766
1767DWARF registers are encoded as numbers, which are mapped to architecture
1768registers. The mapping for AMDGPU is defined in
1769:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table`. All AMDGPU targets use the same
1770mapping.
1771
1772.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Register Mapping
1773   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table
1774
1775   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1776   DWARF Register AMDGPU Register   Bit Size Description
1777   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1778   0              PC_32             32       Program Counter (PC) when
1779                                             executing in a 32-bit process
1780                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1781                                             describe the PC of the calling
1782                                             frame.
1783   1              EXEC_MASK_32      32       Execution Mask Register when
1784                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.
1785   2-15           *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1786                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1787   16             PC_64             64       Program Counter (PC) when
1788                                             executing in a 64-bit process
1789                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1790                                             describe the PC of the calling
1791                                             frame.
1792   17             EXEC_MASK_64      64       Execution Mask Register when
1793                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.
1794   18-31          *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1795                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1796   32-95          SGPR0-SGPR63      32       Scalar General Purpose
1797                                             Registers.
1798   96-127         *Reserved*                 *Reserved for frequently accessed
1799                                             registers using DWARF 1-byte ULEB.*
1800   128            STATUS            32       Status Register.
1801   129-511        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1802                                             Architectural Registers.*
1803   512            VCC_32            32       Vector Condition Code Register
1804                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1805                                             mode.
1806   513-767        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1807                                             Architectural Registers when
1808                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1809   768            VCC_64            64       Vector Condition Code Register
1810                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1811                                             mode.
1812   769-1023       *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1813                                             Architectural Registers when
1814                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1815   1024-1087      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for padding.*
1816   1088-1129      SGPR64-SGPR105    32       Scalar General Purpose Registers.
1817   1130-1535      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1818                                             General Purpose Registers.*
1819   1536-1791      VGPR0-VGPR255     32*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1820                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1821                                             mode.
1822   1792-2047      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1823                                             General Purpose Registers when
1824                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1825   2048-2303      AGPR0-AGPR255     32*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1826                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1827                                             mode.
1828   2304-2559      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1829                                             Accumulation Registers when
1830                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1831   2560-2815      VGPR0-VGPR255     64*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1832                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1833                                             mode.
1834   2816-3071      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1835                                             General Purpose Registers when
1836                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1837   3072-3327      AGPR0-AGPR255     64*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1838                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1839                                             mode.
1840   3328-3583      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1841                                             Accumulation Registers when
1842                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1843   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1844
1845The vector registers are represented as the full size for the wavefront. They
1846are organized as consecutive dwords (32-bits), one per lane, with the dword at
1847the least significant bit position corresponding to lane 0 and so forth. DWARF
1848location expressions involving the ``DW_OP_LLVM_offset`` and
1849``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` operations are used to select the part of the vector
1850register corresponding to the lane that is executing the current thread of
1851execution in languages that are implemented using a SIMD or SIMT execution
1852model.
1853
1854If the wavefront size is 32 lanes then the wavefront 32 mode register
1855definitions are used. If the wavefront size is 64 lanes then the wavefront 64
1856mode register definitions are used. Some AMDGPU targets support executing in
1857both wavefront 32 and wavefront 64 mode. The register definitions corresponding
1858to the wavefront mode of the generated code will be used.
1859
1860If code is generated to execute in a 32-bit process address space, then the
186132-bit process address space register definitions are used. If code is generated
1862to execute in a 64-bit process address space, then the 64-bit process address
1863space register definitions are used. The ``amdgcn`` target only supports the
186464-bit process address space.
1865
1866.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-identifier:
1867
1868Address Class Identifier
1869------------------------
1870
1871The DWARF address class represents the source language memory space. See DWARF
1872Version 5 section 2.12 which is updated by the *DWARF Extensions For
1873Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1874
1875The DWARF address class mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1876:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table`.
1877
1878.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Class Mapping
1879   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table
1880
1881   ========================= ====== =================
1882   DWARF                            AMDGPU
1883   -------------------------------- -----------------
1884   Address Class Name        Value  Address Space
1885   ========================= ====== =================
1886   ``DW_ADDR_none``          0x0000 Generic (Flat)
1887   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_global``   0x0001 Global
1888   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_constant`` 0x0002 Global
1889   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_group``    0x0003 Local (group/LDS)
1890   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_private``  0x0004 Private (Scratch)
1891   ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` 0x8000 Region (GDS)
1892   ========================= ====== =================
1893
1894The DWARF address class values defined in the *DWARF Extensions For
1895Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses` are used.
1896
1897In addition, ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` is encoded as a vendor extension. This is
1898available for use for the AMD extension for access to the hardware GDS memory
1899which is scratchpad memory allocated per device.
1900
1901For AMDGPU if no ``DW_AT_address_class`` attribute is present, then the default
1902address class of ``DW_ADDR_none`` is used.
1903
1904See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on the AMDGPU
1905mapping of DWARF address classes to DWARF address spaces, including address size
1906and NULL value.
1907
1908.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier:
1909
1910Address Space Identifier
1911------------------------
1912
1913DWARF address spaces correspond to target architecture specific linear
1914addressable memory areas. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.12 and *DWARF Extensions
1915For Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1916
1917The DWARF address space mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1918:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table`.
1919
1920.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Space Mapping
1921   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table
1922
1923   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1924   DWARF                                                          AMDGPU            Notes
1925   --------------------------------------- ----- ---------------- ----------------- -----------------------
1926   Address Space Name                      Value Address Bit Size Address Space
1927   --------------------------------------- ----- ------- -------- ----------------- -----------------------
1928   ..                                            64-bit  32-bit
1929                                                 process process
1930                                                 address address
1931                                                 space   space
1932   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1933   ``DW_ASPACE_none``                      0x00  64      32       Global            *default address space*
1934   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``            0x01  64      32       Generic (Flat)
1935   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_region``             0x02  32      32       Region (GDS)
1936   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local``              0x03  32      32       Local (group/LDS)
1937   *Reserved*                              0x04
1938   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane``       0x05  32      32       Private (Scratch) *focused lane*
1939   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave``       0x06  32      32       Private (Scratch) *unswizzled wavefront*
1940   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1941
1942See :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces` for information on the AMDGPU address spaces
1943including address size and NULL value.
1944
1945The ``DW_ASPACE_none`` address space is the default target architecture address
1946space used in DWARF operations that do not specify an address space. It
1947therefore has to map to the global address space so that the ``DW_OP_addr*`` and
1948related operations can refer to addresses in the program code.
1949
1950The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic`` address space allows location expressions to
1951specify the flat address space. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1952local address space, then it corresponds to the wavefront that is executing the
1953focused thread of execution. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1954private address space, then it corresponds to the lane that is executing the
1955focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD or
1956SIMT execution model.
1957
1958.. note::
1959
1960  CUDA-like languages such as HIP that do not have address spaces in the
1961  language type system, but do allow variables to be allocated in different
1962  address spaces, need to explicitly specify the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``
1963  address space in the DWARF expression operations as the default address space
1964  is the global address space.
1965
1966The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local`` address space allows location expressions to
1967specify the local address space corresponding to the wavefront that is executing
1968the focused thread of execution.
1969
1970The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space allows location expressions
1971to specify the private address space corresponding to the lane that is executing
1972the focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD
1973or SIMT execution model.
1974
1975The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space allows location expressions
1976to specify the unswizzled private address space corresponding to the wavefront
1977that is executing the focused thread of execution. The wavefront view of private
1978memory is the per wavefront unswizzled backing memory layout defined in
1979:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`, such that address 0 corresponds to the first
1980location for the backing memory of the wavefront (namely the address is not
1981offset by ``wavefront-scratch-base``). The following formula can be used to
1982convert from a ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address to a
1983``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address:
1984
1985::
1986
1987  private-address-wavefront =
1988    ((private-address-lane / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
1989    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address-lane % 4)
1990
1991If the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address is dword aligned, and the start
1992of the dwords for each lane starting with lane 0 is required, then this
1993simplifies to:
1994
1995::
1996
1997  private-address-wavefront =
1998    private-address-lane * wavefront-size
1999
2000A compiler can use the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space to read a
2001complete spilled vector register back into a complete vector register in the
2002CFI. The frame pointer can be a private lane address which is dword aligned,
2003which can be shifted to multiply by the wavefront size, and then used to form a
2004private wavefront address that gives a location for a contiguous set of dwords,
2005one per lane, where the vector register dwords are spilled. The compiler knows
2006the wavefront size since it generates the code. Note that the type of the
2007address may have to be converted as the size of a
2008``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address may be smaller than the size of a
2009``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address.
2010
2011.. _amdgpu-dwarf-lane-identifier:
2012
2013Lane identifier
2014---------------
2015
2016DWARF lane identifies specify a target architecture lane position for hardware
2017that executes in a SIMD or SIMT manner, and on which a source language maps its
2018threads of execution onto those lanes. The DWARF lane identifier is pushed by
2019the ``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` DWARF expression operation. See DWARF Version 5
2020section 2.5 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging*
2021section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2022
2023For AMDGPU, the lane identifier corresponds to the hardware lane ID of a
2024wavefront. It is numbered from 0 to the wavefront size minus 1.
2025
2026Operation Expressions
2027---------------------
2028
2029DWARF expressions are used to compute program values and the locations of
2030program objects. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
2031:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2032
2033DWARF location descriptions describe how to access storage which includes memory
2034and registers. When accessing storage on AMDGPU, bytes are ordered with least
2035significant bytes first, and bits are ordered within bytes with least
2036significant bits first.
2037
2038For AMDGPU CFI expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used to describe
2039unwinding vector registers that are spilled under the execution mask to memory:
2040the zero-single location description is the vector register, and the one-single
2041location description is the spilled memory location description. The
2042``DW_OP_LLVM_form_aspace_address`` is used to specify the address space of the
2043memory location description.
2044
2045In AMDGPU expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used by the
2046``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute expression where divergent control flow is
2047controlled by the execution mask. An undefined location description together
2048with ``DW_OP_LLVM_extend`` is used to indicate the lane was not active on entry
2049to the subprogram. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc` for an example.
2050
2051Debugger Information Entry Attributes
2052-------------------------------------
2053
2054This section describes how certain debugger information entry attributes are
2055used by AMDGPU. See the sections in DWARF Version 5 section 3.3.5 and 3.1.1
2056which are updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging* section
2057:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-low-level-information` and
2058:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-full-and-partial-compilation-unit-entries`.
2059
2060.. _amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc:
2061
2062``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``
2063~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2064
2065For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute is used to specify the program
2066location of the separate lanes of a SIMT thread.
2067
2068If the lane is an active lane then this will be the same as the current program
2069location.
2070
2071If the lane is inactive, but was active on entry to the subprogram, then this is
2072the program location in the subprogram at which execution of the lane is
2073conceptual positioned.
2074
2075If the lane was not active on entry to the subprogram, then this will be the
2076undefined location. A client debugger can check if the lane is part of a valid
2077work-group by checking that the lane is in the range of the associated
2078work-group within the grid, accounting for partial work-groups. If it is not,
2079then the debugger can omit any information for the lane. Otherwise, the debugger
2080may repeatedly unwind the stack and inspect the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` of the
2081calling subprogram until it finds a non-undefined location. Conceptually the
2082lane only has the call frames that it has a non-undefined
2083``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``.
2084
2085The following example illustrates how the AMDGPU backend can generate a DWARF
2086location list expression for the nested ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` structures of the
2087following subprogram pseudo code for a target with 64 lanes per wavefront.
2088
2089.. code::
2090  :number-lines:
2091
2092  SUBPROGRAM X
2093  BEGIN
2094    a;
2095    IF (c1) THEN
2096      b;
2097      IF (c2) THEN
2098        c;
2099      ELSE
2100        d;
2101      ENDIF
2102      e;
2103    ELSE
2104      f;
2105    ENDIF
2106    g;
2107  END
2108
2109The AMDGPU backend may generate the following pseudo LLVM MIR to manipulate the
2110execution mask (``EXEC``) to linearize the control flow. The condition is
2111evaluated to make a mask of the lanes for which the condition evaluates to true.
2112First the ``THEN`` region is executed by setting the ``EXEC`` mask to the
2113logical ``AND`` of the current ``EXEC`` mask with the condition mask. Then the
2114``ELSE`` region is executed by negating the ``EXEC`` mask and logical ``AND`` of
2115the saved ``EXEC`` mask at the start of the region. After the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2116region the ``EXEC`` mask is restored to the value it had at the beginning of the
2117region. This is shown below. Other approaches are possible, but the basic
2118concept is the same.
2119
2120.. code::
2121  :number-lines:
2122
2123  $lex_start:
2124    a;
2125    %1 = EXEC
2126    %2 = c1
2127  $lex_1_start:
2128    EXEC = %1 & %2
2129  $if_1_then:
2130      b;
2131      %3 = EXEC
2132      %4 = c2
2133  $lex_1_1_start:
2134      EXEC = %3 & %4
2135  $lex_1_1_then:
2136        c;
2137      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3
2138  $lex_1_1_else:
2139        d;
2140      EXEC = %3
2141  $lex_1_1_end:
2142      e;
2143    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1
2144  $lex_1_else:
2145      f;
2146    EXEC = %1
2147  $lex_1_end:
2148    g;
2149  $lex_end:
2150
2151To create the DWARF location list expression that defines the location
2152description of a vector of lane program locations, the LLVM MIR ``DBG_VALUE``
2153pseudo instruction can be used to annotate the linearized control flow. This can
2154be done by defining an artificial variable for the lane PC. The DWARF location
2155list expression created for it is used as the value of the
2156``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute on the subprogram's debugger information entry.
2157
2158A DWARF procedure is defined for each well nested structured control flow region
2159which provides the conceptual lane program location for a lane if it is not
2160active (namely it is divergent). The DWARF operation expression for each region
2161conceptually inherits the value of the immediately enclosing region and modifies
2162it according to the semantics of the region.
2163
2164For an ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` region the divergent program location is at the start of
2165the region for the ``THEN`` region since it is executed first. For the ``ELSE``
2166region the divergent program location is at the end of the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2167region since the ``THEN`` region has completed.
2168
2169The lane PC artificial variable is assigned at each region transition. It uses
2170the immediately enclosing region's DWARF procedure to compute the program
2171location for each lane assuming they are divergent, and then modifies the result
2172by inserting the current program location for each lane that the ``EXEC`` mask
2173indicates is active.
2174
2175By having separate DWARF procedures for each region, they can be reused to
2176define the value for any nested region. This reduces the total size of the DWARF
2177operation expressions.
2178
2179The following provides an example using pseudo LLVM MIR.
2180
2181.. code::
2182  :number-lines:
2183
2184  $lex_start:
2185    DEFINE_DWARF %__uint_64 = DW_TAG_base_type[
2186      DW_AT_name = "__uint64";
2187      DW_AT_byte_size = 8;
2188      DW_AT_encoding = DW_ATE_unsigned;
2189    ];
2190    DEFINE_DWARF %__active_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2191      DW_AT_name = "__active_lane_pc";
2192      DW_AT_location = [
2193        DW_OP_regx PC;
2194        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2195        DW_OP_regval_type EXEC, %uint_64;
2196        DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2197      ];
2198    ];
2199    DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2200      DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc";
2201      DW_AT_location = [
2202        DW_OP_LLVM_undefined;
2203        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2204      ];
2205    ];
2206    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2207      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2208      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2209    ];
2210    a;
2211    %1 = EXEC;
2212    DBG_VALUE %1, $noreg, %__lex_1_save_exec;
2213    %2 = c1;
2214  $lex_1_start:
2215    EXEC = %1 & %2;
2216  $lex_1_then:
2217      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2218        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_then";
2219        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2220          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2221          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_start;
2222          DW_OP_stack_value;
2223          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2224          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2225          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2226          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2227        ];
2228      ];
2229      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2230        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2231        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2232      ];
2233      b;
2234      %3 = EXEC;
2235      DBG_VALUE %3, %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2236      %4 = c2;
2237  $lex_1_1_start:
2238      EXEC = %3 & %4;
2239  $lex_1_1_then:
2240        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2241          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then";
2242          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2243            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2244            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_start;
2245            DW_OP_stack_value;
2246            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2247            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2248            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2249            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2250          ];
2251        ];
2252        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2253          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then;
2254          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2255        ];
2256        c;
2257      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3;
2258  $lex_1_1_else:
2259        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2260          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else";
2261          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2262            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2263            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_end;
2264            DW_OP_stack_value;
2265            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2266            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2267            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2268            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2269          ];
2270        ];
2271        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2272          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else;
2273          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2274        ];
2275        d;
2276      EXEC = %3;
2277  $lex_1_1_end:
2278      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2279        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2280        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2281      ];
2282      e;
2283    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1;
2284  $lex_1_else:
2285      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2286        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_else";
2287        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2288          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2289          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_end;
2290          DW_OP_stack_value;
2291          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2292          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2293          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2294          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2295        ];
2296      ];
2297      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2298        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else;
2299        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2300      ];
2301      f;
2302    EXEC = %1;
2303  $lex_1_end:
2304    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc DIExpression[
2305      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2306      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2307    ];
2308    g;
2309  $lex_end:
2310
2311The DWARF procedure ``%__active_lane_pc`` is used to update the lane pc elements
2312that are active, with the current program location.
2313
2314Artificial variables %__lex_1_save_exec and %__lex_1_1_save_exec are created for
2315the execution masks saved on entry to a region. Using the ``DBG_VALUE`` pseudo
2316instruction, location list entries will be created that describe where the
2317artificial variables are allocated at any given program location. The compiler
2318may allocate them to registers or spill them to memory.
2319
2320The DWARF procedures for each region use the values of the saved execution mask
2321artificial variables to only update the lanes that are active on entry to the
2322region. All other lanes retain the value of the enclosing region where they were
2323last active. If they were not active on entry to the subprogram, then will have
2324the undefined location description.
2325
2326Other structured control flow regions can be handled similarly. For example,
2327loops would set the divergent program location for the region at the end of the
2328loop. Any lanes active will be in the loop, and any lanes not active must have
2329exited the loop.
2330
2331An ``IF/THEN/ELSEIF/ELSEIF/...`` region can be treated as a nest of
2332``IF/THEN/ELSE`` regions.
2333
2334The DWARF procedures can use the active lane artificial variable described in
2335:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane` rather than the actual
2336``EXEC`` mask in order to support whole or quad wavefront mode.
2337
2338.. _amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane:
2339
2340``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2341~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2342
2343The ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane`` attribute on a subprogram debugger information
2344entry is used to specify the lanes that are conceptually active for a SIMT
2345thread.
2346
2347The execution mask may be modified to implement whole or quad wavefront mode
2348operations. For example, all lanes may need to temporarily be made active to
2349execute a whole wavefront operation. Such regions would save the ``EXEC`` mask,
2350update it to enable the necessary lanes, perform the operations, and then
2351restore the ``EXEC`` mask from the saved value. While executing the whole
2352wavefront region, the conceptual execution mask is the saved value, not the
2353``EXEC`` value.
2354
2355This is handled by defining an artificial variable for the active lane mask. The
2356active lane mask artificial variable would be the actual ``EXEC`` mask for
2357normal regions, and the saved execution mask for regions where the mask is
2358temporarily updated. The location list expression created for this artificial
2359variable is used to define the value of the ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2360attribute.
2361
2362``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation``
2363~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2364
2365For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation`` attribute of a compilation unit
2366debugger information entry has the following value for the augmentation string:
2367
2368::
2369
2370  [amdgpu:v0.0]
2371
2372The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2373extensions used in the DWARF of the compilation unit. The version number
2374conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2375
2376Call Frame Information
2377----------------------
2378
2379DWARF Call Frame Information (CFI) describes how a consumer can virtually
2380*unwind* call frames in a running process or core dump. See DWARF Version 5
2381section 6.4 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
2382
2383For AMDGPU, the Common Information Entry (CIE) fields have the following values:
2384
23851.  ``augmentation`` string contains the following null-terminated UTF-8 string:
2386
2387    ::
2388
2389      [amd:v0.0]
2390
2391    The ``vX.Y`` specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2392    extensions used in this CIE or to the FDEs that use it. The version number
2393    conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2394
23952.  ``address_size`` for the ``Global`` address space is defined in
2396    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2397
23983.  ``segment_selector_size`` is 0 as AMDGPU does not use a segment selector.
2399
24004.  ``code_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2401
2402    .. TODO::
2403
2404       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2405
24065.  ``data_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2407
2408    .. TODO::
2409
2410       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2411
24126.  ``return_address_register`` is ``PC_32`` for 32-bit processes and ``PC_64``
2413    for 64-bit processes defined in :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2414
24157.  ``initial_instructions`` Since a subprogram X with fewer registers can be
2416    called from subprogram Y that has more allocated, X will not change any of
2417    the extra registers as it cannot access them. Therefore, the default rule
2418    for all columns is ``same value``.
2419
2420For AMDGPU the register number follows the numbering defined in
2421:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2422
2423For AMDGPU the instructions are variable size. A consumer can subtract 1 from
2424the return address to get the address of a byte within the call site
2425instructions. See DWARF Version 5 section 6.4.4.
2426
2427Accelerated Access
2428------------------
2429
2430See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.
2431
2432Lookup By Name Section Header
2433~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2434
2435See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.1.4.1 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-lookup-by-name`.
2436
2437For AMDGPU the lookup by name section header table:
2438
2439``augmentation_string_size`` (uword)
2440
2441  Set to the length of the ``augmentation_string`` value which is always a
2442  multiple of 4.
2443
2444``augmentation_string`` (sequence of UTF-8 characters)
2445
2446  Contains the following UTF-8 string null padded to a multiple of 4 bytes:
2447
2448  ::
2449
2450    [amdgpu:v0.0]
2451
2452  The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2453  extensions used in the DWARF of this index. The version number conforms to
2454  [SEMVER]_.
2455
2456  .. note::
2457
2458    This is different to the DWARF Version 5 definition that requires the first
2459    4 characters to be the vendor ID. But this is consistent with the other
2460    augmentation strings and does allow multiple vendor contributions. However,
2461    backwards compatibility may be more desirable.
2462
2463Lookup By Address Section Header
2464~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2465
2466See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.2.
2467
2468For AMDGPU the lookup by address section header table:
2469
2470``address_size`` (ubyte)
2471
2472  Match the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2473  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2474
2475``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2476
2477  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0. The entries in the
2478  ``.debug_aranges`` do not have a segment selector.
2479
2480Line Number Information
2481-----------------------
2482
2483See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information`.
2484
2485AMDGPU does not use the ``isa`` state machine registers and always sets it to 0.
2486The instruction set must be obtained from the ELF file header ``e_flags`` field
2487in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit position (see :ref:`ELF Header
2488<amdgpu-elf-header>`). See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.2.
2489
2490.. TODO::
2491
2492  Should the ``isa`` state machine register be used to indicate if the code is
2493  in wavefront32 or wavefront64 mode? Or used to specify the architecture ISA?
2494
2495For AMDGPU the line number program header fields have the following values (see
2496DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4):
2497
2498``address_size`` (ubyte)
2499  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2500  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2501
2502``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2503  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0.
2504
2505``minimum_instruction_length`` (ubyte)
2506  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 4.
2507
2508``maximum_operations_per_instruction`` (ubyte)
2509  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 1.
2510
2511Source text for online-compiled programs (for example, those compiled by the
2512OpenCL language runtime) may be embedded into the DWARF Version 5 line table.
2513See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4.1 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For
2514Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`DW_LNCT_LLVM_source
2515<amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information-dw-lnct-llvm-source>`.
2516
2517The Clang option used to control source embedding in AMDGPU is defined in
2518:ref:`amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table`.
2519
2520  .. table:: AMDGPU Clang Debug Options
2521     :name: amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table
2522
2523     ==================== ==================================================
2524     Debug Flag           Description
2525     ==================== ==================================================
2526     -g[no-]embed-source  Enable/disable embedding source text in DWARF
2527                          debug sections. Useful for environments where
2528                          source cannot be written to disk, such as
2529                          when performing online compilation.
2530     ==================== ==================================================
2531
2532For example:
2533
2534``-gembed-source``
2535  Enable the embedded source.
2536
2537``-gno-embed-source``
2538  Disable the embedded source.
2539
254032-Bit and 64-Bit DWARF Formats
2541-------------------------------
2542
2543See DWARF Version 5 section 7.4 and
2544:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-32-bit-and-64-bit-dwarf-formats`.
2545
2546For AMDGPU:
2547
2548* For the ``amdgcn`` target architecture only the 64-bit process address space
2549  is supported.
2550
2551* The producer can generate either 32-bit or 64-bit DWARF format. LLVM generates
2552  the 32-bit DWARF format.
2553
2554Unit Headers
2555------------
2556
2557For AMDGPU the following values apply for each of the unit headers described in
2558DWARF Version 5 sections 7.5.1.1, 7.5.1.2, and 7.5.1.3:
2559
2560``address_size`` (ubyte)
2561  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2562  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2563
2564.. _amdgpu-code-conventions:
2565
2566Code Conventions
2567================
2568
2569This section provides code conventions used for each supported target triple OS
2570(see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2571
2572AMDHSA
2573------
2574
2575This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
2576``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2577
2578.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata:
2579
2580Code Object Metadata
2581~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2582
2583The code object metadata specifies extensible metadata associated with the code
2584objects executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). The
2585encoding and semantics of this metadata depends on the code object version; see
2586:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2`,
2587:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
2588:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
2589:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
2590
2591Code object metadata is specified in a note record (see
2592:ref:`amdgpu-note-records`) and is required when the target triple OS is
2593``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). It must contain the minimum
2594information necessary to support the HSA compatible runtime kernel queries. For
2595example, the segment sizes needed in a dispatch packet. In addition, a
2596high-level language runtime may require other information to be included. For
2597example, the AMD OpenCL runtime records kernel argument information.
2598
2599.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2:
2600
2601Code Object V2 Metadata
2602+++++++++++++++++++++++
2603
2604.. warning::
2605  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
2606  of LLVM.
2607
2608Code object V2 metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA`` note record
2609(see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`).
2610
2611The metadata is specified as a YAML formatted string (see [YAML]_ and
2612:doc:`YamlIO`).
2613
2614.. TODO::
2615
2616  Is the string null terminated? It probably should not if YAML allows it to
2617  contain null characters, otherwise it should be.
2618
2619The metadata is represented as a single YAML document comprised of the mapping
2620defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table` and
2621referenced tables.
2622
2623For boolean values, the string values of ``false`` and ``true`` are used for
2624false and true respectively.
2625
2626Additional information can be added to the mappings. To avoid conflicts, any
2627non-AMD key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*.".
2628
2629  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Metadata Map
2630     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table
2631
2632     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2633     String Key Value Type     Required? Description
2634     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2635     "Version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
2636                2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
2637                                         - The second integer is the minor
2638                                           version. Currently 0.
2639     "Printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
2640                strings                  about a printf function call. The
2641                                         encoded information is organized as
2642                                         fields separated by colon (':'):
2643
2644                                         ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
2645
2646                                         where:
2647
2648                                         ``ID``
2649                                           A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
2650                                           each printf function call
2651
2652                                         ``N``
2653                                           A 32-bit integer equal to the number
2654                                           of arguments of printf function call
2655                                           minus 1
2656
2657                                         ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
2658                                           32-bit integers for the size in bytes
2659                                           of the i-th FormatString argument of
2660                                           the printf function call
2661
2662                                         FormatString
2663                                           The format string passed to the
2664                                           printf function call.
2665     "Kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the mappings for each
2666                mapping                  kernel in the code object. See
2667                                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table`
2668                                         for the definition of the mapping.
2669     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2670
2671..
2672
2673  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Metadata Map
2674     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table
2675
2676     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2677     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2678     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2679     "Name"            string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
2680     "SymbolName"      string         Required  Name of the kernel
2681                                                descriptor ELF symbol.
2682     "Language"        string                   Source language of the kernel.
2683                                                Values include:
2684
2685                                                - "OpenCL C"
2686                                                - "OpenCL C++"
2687                                                - "HCC"
2688                                                - "OpenMP"
2689
2690     "LanguageVersion" sequence of              - The first integer is the major
2691                       2 integers                 version.
2692                                                - The second integer is the
2693                                                  minor version.
2694     "Attrs"           mapping                  Mapping of kernel attributes.
2695                                                See
2696                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table`
2697                                                for the mapping definition.
2698     "Args"            sequence of              Sequence of mappings of the
2699                       mapping                  kernel arguments. See
2700                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table`
2701                                                for the definition of the mapping.
2702     "CodeProps"       mapping                  Mapping of properties related to
2703                                                the kernel code. See
2704                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table`
2705                                                for the mapping definition.
2706     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2707
2708..
2709
2710  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Attribute Metadata Map
2711     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table
2712
2713     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2714     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
2715     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2716     "ReqdWorkGroupSize" sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
2717                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
2718                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
2719                                                  correspond to the specified
2720                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
2721
2722                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2723                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
2724                                                  attribute.
2725     "WorkGroupSizeHint" sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
2726                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
2727                                                  specified values.
2728
2729                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2730                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
2731                                                  attribute.
2732     "VecTypeHint"       string                   The name of a scalar or vector
2733                                                  type.
2734
2735                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2736                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
2737
2738     "RuntimeHandle"     string                   The external symbol name
2739                                                  associated with a kernel.
2740                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
2741                                                  global buffer for the symbol
2742                                                  and saves the kernel's address
2743                                                  to it, which is used for
2744                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
2745                                                  available for device side
2746                                                  enqueued kernels.
2747     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2748
2749..
2750
2751  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
2752     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table
2753
2754     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2755     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2756     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2757     "Name"            string                   Kernel argument name.
2758     "TypeName"        string                   Kernel argument type name.
2759     "Size"            integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
2760     "Align"           integer        Required  Kernel argument alignment in
2761                                                bytes. Must be a power of two.
2762     "ValueKind"       string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
2763                                                specifies how to set up the
2764                                                corresponding argument.
2765                                                Values include:
2766
2767                                                "ByValue"
2768                                                  The argument is copied
2769                                                  directly into the kernarg.
2770
2771                                                "GlobalBuffer"
2772                                                  A global address space pointer
2773                                                  to the buffer data is passed
2774                                                  in the kernarg.
2775
2776                                                "DynamicSharedPointer"
2777                                                  A group address space pointer
2778                                                  to dynamically allocated LDS
2779                                                  is passed in the kernarg.
2780
2781                                                "Sampler"
2782                                                  A global address space
2783                                                  pointer to a S# is passed in
2784                                                  the kernarg.
2785
2786                                                "Image"
2787                                                  A global address space
2788                                                  pointer to a T# is passed in
2789                                                  the kernarg.
2790
2791                                                "Pipe"
2792                                                  A global address space pointer
2793                                                  to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
2794                                                  the kernarg.
2795
2796                                                "Queue"
2797                                                  A global address space pointer
2798                                                  to an OpenCL device enqueue
2799                                                  queue is passed in the
2800                                                  kernarg.
2801
2802                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetX"
2803                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2804                                                  global offset for the X
2805                                                  dimension is passed in the
2806                                                  kernarg.
2807
2808                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetY"
2809                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2810                                                  global offset for the Y
2811                                                  dimension is passed in the
2812                                                  kernarg.
2813
2814                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetZ"
2815                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2816                                                  global offset for the Z
2817                                                  dimension is passed in the
2818                                                  kernarg.
2819
2820                                                "HiddenNone"
2821                                                  An argument that is not used
2822                                                  by the kernel. Space needs to
2823                                                  be left for it, but it does
2824                                                  not need to be set up.
2825
2826                                                "HiddenPrintfBuffer"
2827                                                  A global address space pointer
2828                                                  to the runtime printf buffer
2829                                                  is passed in kernarg. Mutually
2830                                                  exclusive with
2831                                                  "HiddenHostcallBuffer".
2832
2833                                                "HiddenHostcallBuffer"
2834                                                  A global address space pointer
2835                                                  to the runtime hostcall buffer
2836                                                  is passed in kernarg. Mutually
2837                                                  exclusive with
2838                                                  "HiddenPrintfBuffer".
2839
2840                                                "HiddenDefaultQueue"
2841                                                  A global address space pointer
2842                                                  to the OpenCL device enqueue
2843                                                  queue that should be used by
2844                                                  the kernel by default is
2845                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2846
2847                                                "HiddenCompletionAction"
2848                                                  A global address space pointer
2849                                                  to help link enqueued kernels into
2850                                                  the ancestor tree for determining
2851                                                  when the parent kernel has finished.
2852
2853                                                "HiddenMultiGridSyncArg"
2854                                                  A global address space pointer for
2855                                                  multi-grid synchronization is
2856                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2857
2858     "ValueType"       string                   Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
2859                                                be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
2860
2861
2862     "PointeeAlign"    integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
2863                                                type for pointer type kernel
2864                                                argument. Must be a power
2865                                                of 2. Only present if
2866                                                "ValueKind" is
2867                                                "DynamicSharedPointer".
2868     "AddrSpaceQual"   string                   Kernel argument address space
2869                                                qualifier. Only present if
2870                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer" or
2871                                                "DynamicSharedPointer". Values
2872                                                are:
2873
2874                                                - "Private"
2875                                                - "Global"
2876                                                - "Constant"
2877                                                - "Local"
2878                                                - "Generic"
2879                                                - "Region"
2880
2881                                                .. TODO::
2882
2883                                                   Is GlobalBuffer only Global
2884                                                   or Constant? Is
2885                                                   DynamicSharedPointer always
2886                                                   Local? Can HCC allow Generic?
2887                                                   How can Private or Region
2888                                                   ever happen?
2889
2890     "AccQual"         string                   Kernel argument access
2891                                                qualifier. Only present if
2892                                                "ValueKind" is "Image" or
2893                                                "Pipe". Values
2894                                                are:
2895
2896                                                - "ReadOnly"
2897                                                - "WriteOnly"
2898                                                - "ReadWrite"
2899
2900                                                .. TODO::
2901
2902                                                   Does this apply to
2903                                                   GlobalBuffer?
2904
2905     "ActualAccQual"   string                   The actual memory accesses
2906                                                performed by the kernel on the
2907                                                kernel argument. Only present if
2908                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer",
2909                                                "Image", or "Pipe". This may be
2910                                                more restrictive than indicated
2911                                                by "AccQual" to reflect what the
2912                                                kernel actual does. If not
2913                                                present then the runtime must
2914                                                assume what is implied by
2915                                                "AccQual" and "IsConst". Values
2916                                                are:
2917
2918                                                - "ReadOnly"
2919                                                - "WriteOnly"
2920                                                - "ReadWrite"
2921
2922     "IsConst"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2923                                                is const qualified. Only present
2924                                                if "ValueKind" is
2925                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2926
2927     "IsRestrict"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2928                                                is restrict qualified. Only
2929                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2930                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2931
2932     "IsVolatile"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2933                                                is volatile qualified. Only
2934                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2935                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2936
2937     "IsPipe"          boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2938                                                is pipe qualified. Only present
2939                                                if "ValueKind" is "Pipe".
2940
2941                                                .. TODO::
2942
2943                                                   Can GlobalBuffer be pipe
2944                                                   qualified?
2945
2946     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2947
2948..
2949
2950  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Code Properties Metadata Map
2951     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table
2952
2953     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2954     String Key                   Value Type     Required? Description
2955     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2956     "KernargSegmentSize"         integer        Required  The size in bytes of
2957                                                           the kernarg segment
2958                                                           that holds the values
2959                                                           of the arguments to
2960                                                           the kernel.
2961     "GroupSegmentFixedSize"      integer        Required  The amount of group
2962                                                           segment memory
2963                                                           required by a
2964                                                           work-group in
2965                                                           bytes. This does not
2966                                                           include any
2967                                                           dynamically allocated
2968                                                           group segment memory
2969                                                           that may be added
2970                                                           when the kernel is
2971                                                           dispatched.
2972     "PrivateSegmentFixedSize"    integer        Required  The amount of fixed
2973                                                           private address space
2974                                                           memory required for a
2975                                                           work-item in
2976                                                           bytes. If the kernel
2977                                                           uses a dynamic call
2978                                                           stack then additional
2979                                                           space must be added
2980                                                           to this value for the
2981                                                           call stack.
2982     "KernargSegmentAlign"        integer        Required  The maximum byte
2983                                                           alignment of
2984                                                           arguments in the
2985                                                           kernarg segment. Must
2986                                                           be a power of 2.
2987     "WavefrontSize"              integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
2988                                                           be a power of 2.
2989     "NumSGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of scalar
2990                                                           registers used by a
2991                                                           wavefront for
2992                                                           GFX6-GFX10. This
2993                                                           includes the special
2994                                                           SGPRs for VCC, Flat
2995                                                           Scratch (GFX7-GFX10)
2996                                                           and XNACK (for
2997                                                           GFX8-GFX10). It does
2998                                                           not include the 16
2999                                                           SGPR added if a trap
3000                                                           handler is
3001                                                           enabled. It is not
3002                                                           rounded up to the
3003                                                           allocation
3004                                                           granularity.
3005     "NumVGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of vector
3006                                                           registers used by
3007                                                           each work-item for
3008                                                           GFX6-GFX10
3009     "MaxFlatWorkGroupSize"       integer        Required  Maximum flat
3010                                                           work-group size
3011                                                           supported by the
3012                                                           kernel in work-items.
3013                                                           Must be >=1 and
3014                                                           consistent with
3015                                                           ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3016                                                           not 0, 0, 0.
3017     "NumSpilledSGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3018                                                           a scalar register to
3019                                                           a register allocator
3020                                                           created spill
3021                                                           location.
3022     "NumSpilledVGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3023                                                           a vector register to
3024                                                           a register allocator
3025                                                           created spill
3026                                                           location.
3027     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
3028
3029.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3:
3030
3031Code Object V3 Metadata
3032+++++++++++++++++++++++
3033
3034.. warning::
3035  Code object V3 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3036  of LLVM.
3037
3038Code object V3 and above metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
3039record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
3040
3041The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
3042[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the
3043keys defined in table
3044:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3` and referenced
3045tables.
3046
3047Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts,
3048any key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where
3049``vendor-name`` can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor
3050tool that generates the information. The prefix is abbreviated to
3051simply "." when it appears within a map that has been added by the
3052same *vendor-name*.
3053
3054  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Metadata Map
3055     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3
3056
3057     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3058     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3059     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3060     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3061                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3062                                                - The second integer is the minor
3063                                                  version. Currently 0.
3064     "amdhsa.printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
3065                       strings                  about a printf function call. The
3066                                                encoded information is organized as
3067                                                fields separated by colon (':'):
3068
3069                                                ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
3070
3071                                                where:
3072
3073                                                ``ID``
3074                                                  A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
3075                                                  each printf function call
3076
3077                                                ``N``
3078                                                  A 32-bit integer equal to the number
3079                                                  of arguments of printf function call
3080                                                  minus 1
3081
3082                                                ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
3083                                                  32-bit integers for the size in bytes
3084                                                  of the i-th FormatString argument of
3085                                                  the printf function call
3086
3087                                                FormatString
3088                                                  The format string passed to the
3089                                                  printf function call.
3090     "amdhsa.kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the maps for each
3091                       map                      kernel in the code object. See
3092                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3`
3093                                                for the definition of the keys included
3094                                                in that map.
3095     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3096
3097..
3098
3099  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Metadata Map
3100     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3
3101
3102     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3103     String Key                          Value Type     Required? Description
3104     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3105     ".name"                             string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
3106     ".symbol"                           string         Required  Name of the kernel
3107                                                                  descriptor ELF symbol.
3108     ".language"                         string                   Source language of the kernel.
3109                                                                  Values include:
3110
3111                                                                  - "OpenCL C"
3112                                                                  - "OpenCL C++"
3113                                                                  - "HCC"
3114                                                                  - "HIP"
3115                                                                  - "OpenMP"
3116                                                                  - "Assembler"
3117
3118     ".language_version"                 sequence of              - The first integer is the major
3119                                         2 integers                 version.
3120                                                                  - The second integer is the
3121                                                                    minor version.
3122     ".args"                             sequence of              Sequence of maps of the
3123                                         map                      kernel arguments. See
3124                                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`
3125                                                                  for the definition of the keys
3126                                                                  included in that map.
3127     ".reqd_workgroup_size"              sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
3128                                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
3129                                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
3130                                                                  correspond to the specified
3131                                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
3132
3133                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3134                                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
3135                                                                  attribute.
3136     ".workgroup_size_hint"              sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
3137                                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
3138                                                                  specified values.
3139
3140                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3141                                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
3142                                                                  attribute.
3143     ".vec_type_hint"                    string                   The name of a scalar or vector
3144                                                                  type.
3145
3146                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3147                                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
3148
3149     ".device_enqueue_symbol"            string                   The external symbol name
3150                                                                  associated with a kernel.
3151                                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
3152                                                                  global buffer for the symbol
3153                                                                  and saves the kernel's address
3154                                                                  to it, which is used for
3155                                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
3156                                                                  available for device side
3157                                                                  enqueued kernels.
3158     ".kernarg_segment_size"             integer        Required  The size in bytes of
3159                                                                  the kernarg segment
3160                                                                  that holds the values
3161                                                                  of the arguments to
3162                                                                  the kernel.
3163     ".group_segment_fixed_size"         integer        Required  The amount of group
3164                                                                  segment memory
3165                                                                  required by a
3166                                                                  work-group in
3167                                                                  bytes. This does not
3168                                                                  include any
3169                                                                  dynamically allocated
3170                                                                  group segment memory
3171                                                                  that may be added
3172                                                                  when the kernel is
3173                                                                  dispatched.
3174     ".private_segment_fixed_size"       integer        Required  The amount of fixed
3175                                                                  private address space
3176                                                                  memory required for a
3177                                                                  work-item in
3178                                                                  bytes. If the kernel
3179                                                                  uses a dynamic call
3180                                                                  stack then additional
3181                                                                  space must be added
3182                                                                  to this value for the
3183                                                                  call stack.
3184     ".kernarg_segment_align"            integer        Required  The maximum byte
3185                                                                  alignment of
3186                                                                  arguments in the
3187                                                                  kernarg segment. Must
3188                                                                  be a power of 2.
3189     ".wavefront_size"                   integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
3190                                                                  be a power of 2.
3191     ".sgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of scalar
3192                                                                  registers required by a
3193                                                                  wavefront for
3194                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3195                                                                  is required if it is
3196                                                                  used explicitly, or
3197                                                                  if a higher numbered
3198                                                                  register is used
3199                                                                  explicitly. This
3200                                                                  includes the special
3201                                                                  SGPRs for VCC, Flat
3202                                                                  Scratch (GFX7-GFX9)
3203                                                                  and XNACK (for
3204                                                                  GFX8-GFX9). It does
3205                                                                  not include the 16
3206                                                                  SGPR added if a trap
3207                                                                  handler is
3208                                                                  enabled. It is not
3209                                                                  rounded up to the
3210                                                                  allocation
3211                                                                  granularity.
3212     ".vgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of vector
3213                                                                  registers required by
3214                                                                  each work-item for
3215                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3216                                                                  is required if it is
3217                                                                  used explicitly, or
3218                                                                  if a higher numbered
3219                                                                  register is used
3220                                                                  explicitly.
3221     ".agpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of accumulator
3222                                                                  registers required by
3223                                                                  each work-item for
3224                                                                  GFX90A, GFX908.
3225     ".max_flat_workgroup_size"          integer        Required  Maximum flat
3226                                                                  work-group size
3227                                                                  supported by the
3228                                                                  kernel in work-items.
3229                                                                  Must be >=1 and
3230                                                                  consistent with
3231                                                                  ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3232                                                                  not 0, 0, 0.
3233     ".sgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3234                                                                  a scalar register to
3235                                                                  a register allocator
3236                                                                  created spill
3237                                                                  location.
3238     ".vgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3239                                                                  a vector register to
3240                                                                  a register allocator
3241                                                                  created spill
3242                                                                  location.
3243     ".kind"                             string                   The kind of the kernel
3244                                                                  with the following
3245                                                                  values:
3246
3247                                                                  "normal"
3248                                                                    Regular kernels.
3249
3250                                                                  "init"
3251                                                                    These kernels must be
3252                                                                    invoked after loading
3253                                                                    the containing code
3254                                                                    object and must
3255                                                                    complete before any
3256                                                                    normal and fini
3257                                                                    kernels in the same
3258                                                                    code object are
3259                                                                    invoked.
3260
3261                                                                  "fini"
3262                                                                    These kernels must be
3263                                                                    invoked before
3264                                                                    unloading the
3265                                                                    containing code object
3266                                                                    and after all init and
3267                                                                    normal kernels in the
3268                                                                    same code object have
3269                                                                    been invoked and
3270                                                                    completed.
3271
3272                                                                  If omitted, "normal" is
3273                                                                  assumed.
3274     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3275
3276..
3277
3278  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
3279     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3
3280
3281     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3282     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3283     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3284     ".name"                string                   Kernel argument name.
3285     ".type_name"           string                   Kernel argument type name.
3286     ".size"                integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
3287     ".offset"              integer        Required  Kernel argument offset in
3288                                                     bytes. The offset must be a
3289                                                     multiple of the alignment
3290                                                     required by the argument.
3291     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3292                                                     specifies how to set up the
3293                                                     corresponding argument.
3294                                                     Values include:
3295
3296                                                     "by_value"
3297                                                       The argument is copied
3298                                                       directly into the kernarg.
3299
3300                                                     "global_buffer"
3301                                                       A global address space pointer
3302                                                       to the buffer data is passed
3303                                                       in the kernarg.
3304
3305                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer"
3306                                                       A group address space pointer
3307                                                       to dynamically allocated LDS
3308                                                       is passed in the kernarg.
3309
3310                                                     "sampler"
3311                                                       A global address space
3312                                                       pointer to a S# is passed in
3313                                                       the kernarg.
3314
3315                                                     "image"
3316                                                       A global address space
3317                                                       pointer to a T# is passed in
3318                                                       the kernarg.
3319
3320                                                     "pipe"
3321                                                       A global address space pointer
3322                                                       to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
3323                                                       the kernarg.
3324
3325                                                     "queue"
3326                                                       A global address space pointer
3327                                                       to an OpenCL device enqueue
3328                                                       queue is passed in the
3329                                                       kernarg.
3330
3331                                                     "hidden_global_offset_x"
3332                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3333                                                       global offset for the X
3334                                                       dimension is passed in the
3335                                                       kernarg.
3336
3337                                                     "hidden_global_offset_y"
3338                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3339                                                       global offset for the Y
3340                                                       dimension is passed in the
3341                                                       kernarg.
3342
3343                                                     "hidden_global_offset_z"
3344                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3345                                                       global offset for the Z
3346                                                       dimension is passed in the
3347                                                       kernarg.
3348
3349                                                     "hidden_none"
3350                                                       An argument that is not used
3351                                                       by the kernel. Space needs to
3352                                                       be left for it, but it does
3353                                                       not need to be set up.
3354
3355                                                     "hidden_printf_buffer"
3356                                                       A global address space pointer
3357                                                       to the runtime printf buffer
3358                                                       is passed in kernarg. Mutually
3359                                                       exclusive with
3360                                                       "hidden_hostcall_buffer"
3361                                                       before Code Object V5.
3362
3363                                                     "hidden_hostcall_buffer"
3364                                                       A global address space pointer
3365                                                       to the runtime hostcall buffer
3366                                                       is passed in kernarg. Mutually
3367                                                       exclusive with
3368                                                       "hidden_printf_buffer"
3369                                                       before Code Object V5.
3370
3371                                                     "hidden_default_queue"
3372                                                       A global address space pointer
3373                                                       to the OpenCL device enqueue
3374                                                       queue that should be used by
3375                                                       the kernel by default is
3376                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3377
3378                                                     "hidden_completion_action"
3379                                                       A global address space pointer
3380                                                       to help link enqueued kernels into
3381                                                       the ancestor tree for determining
3382                                                       when the parent kernel has finished.
3383
3384                                                     "hidden_multigrid_sync_arg"
3385                                                       A global address space pointer for
3386                                                       multi-grid synchronization is
3387                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3388
3389     ".value_type"          string                    Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
3390                                                      be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
3391
3392     ".pointee_align"       integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
3393                                                     type for pointer type kernel
3394                                                     argument. Must be a power
3395                                                     of 2. Only present if
3396                                                     ".value_kind" is
3397                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer".
3398     ".address_space"       string                   Kernel argument address space
3399                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3400                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer" or
3401                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer". Values
3402                                                     are:
3403
3404                                                     - "private"
3405                                                     - "global"
3406                                                     - "constant"
3407                                                     - "local"
3408                                                     - "generic"
3409                                                     - "region"
3410
3411                                                     .. TODO::
3412
3413                                                        Is "global_buffer" only "global"
3414                                                        or "constant"? Is
3415                                                        "dynamic_shared_pointer" always
3416                                                        "local"? Can HCC allow "generic"?
3417                                                        How can "private" or "region"
3418                                                        ever happen?
3419
3420     ".access"              string                   Kernel argument access
3421                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3422                                                     ".value_kind" is "image" or
3423                                                     "pipe". Values
3424                                                     are:
3425
3426                                                     - "read_only"
3427                                                     - "write_only"
3428                                                     - "read_write"
3429
3430                                                     .. TODO::
3431
3432                                                        Does this apply to
3433                                                        "global_buffer"?
3434
3435     ".actual_access"       string                   The actual memory accesses
3436                                                     performed by the kernel on the
3437                                                     kernel argument. Only present if
3438                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer",
3439                                                     "image", or "pipe". This may be
3440                                                     more restrictive than indicated
3441                                                     by ".access" to reflect what the
3442                                                     kernel actual does. If not
3443                                                     present then the runtime must
3444                                                     assume what is implied by
3445                                                     ".access" and ".is_const"      . Values
3446                                                     are:
3447
3448                                                     - "read_only"
3449                                                     - "write_only"
3450                                                     - "read_write"
3451
3452     ".is_const"            boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3453                                                     is const qualified. Only present
3454                                                     if ".value_kind" is
3455                                                     "global_buffer".
3456
3457     ".is_restrict"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3458                                                     is restrict qualified. Only
3459                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3460                                                     "global_buffer".
3461
3462     ".is_volatile"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3463                                                     is volatile qualified. Only
3464                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3465                                                     "global_buffer".
3466
3467     ".is_pipe"             boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3468                                                     is pipe qualified. Only present
3469                                                     if ".value_kind" is "pipe".
3470
3471                                                     .. TODO::
3472
3473                                                        Can "global_buffer" be pipe
3474                                                        qualified?
3475
3476     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3477
3478.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4:
3479
3480Code Object V4 Metadata
3481+++++++++++++++++++++++
3482
3483Code object V4 metadata is the same as
3484:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3` with the changes and additions
3485defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4`.
3486
3487  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V4 Metadata Map Changes
3488     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4
3489
3490     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3491     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3492     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3493     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3494                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3495                                                - The second integer is the minor
3496                                                  version. Currently 1.
3497     "amdhsa.target"   string         Required  The target name of the code using the syntax:
3498
3499                                                .. code::
3500
3501                                                  <target-triple> [ "-" <target-id> ]
3502
3503                                                A canonical target ID must be
3504                                                used. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`
3505                                                and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
3506     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3507
3508.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5:
3509
3510Code Object V5 Metadata
3511+++++++++++++++++++++++
3512
3513.. warning::
3514  Code object V5 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3515  of LLVM.
3516
3517
3518Code object V5 metadata is the same as
3519:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` with the changes defined in table
3520:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5` and table
3521:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5`.
3522
3523  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Metadata Map Changes
3524     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5
3525
3526     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3527     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3528     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3529     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3530                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3531                                                - The second integer is the minor
3532                                                  version. Currently 2.
3533     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3534
3535..
3536
3537  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Kernel Argument Metadata Map Additions and Changes
3538     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5
3539
3540     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3541     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3542     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3543     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3544                                                     specifies how to set up the
3545                                                     corresponding argument.
3546                                                     Values include:
3547                                                     the same as code object V3 metadata
3548                                                     (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`)
3549                                                     with the following additions:
3550
3551                                                     "hidden_block_count_x"
3552                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the X dimension
3553                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3554                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3555                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3556                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3557                                                       which has the grid size in work-items.
3558
3559                                                     "hidden_block_count_y"
3560                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Y dimension
3561                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3562                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3563                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3564                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3565                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3566                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3567
3568                                                     "hidden_block_count_z"
3569                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Z dimension
3570                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3571                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3572                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3573                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3574                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3575                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3576
3577                                                     "hidden_group_size_x"
3578                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the X dimension is
3579                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3580                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3581                                                       dispatch packet work-group size.
3582
3583                                                     "hidden_group_size_y"
3584                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Y dimension is
3585                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3586                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3587                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3588                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3589
3590                                                     "hidden_group_size_z"
3591                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Z dimension is
3592                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3593                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3594                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3595                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3596
3597                                                     "hidden_remainder_x"
3598                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3599                                                       of the X dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3600                                                       work group does not exist in the X dimension.
3601
3602                                                     "hidden_remainder_y"
3603                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3604                                                       of the Y dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3605                                                       work group does not exist in the Y dimension.
3606
3607                                                     "hidden_remainder_z"
3608                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3609                                                       of the Z dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3610                                                       work group does not exist in the Z dimension.
3611
3612                                                     "hidden_grid_dims"
3613                                                       The grid dispatch dimensionality. This is the same value
3614                                                       as the AQL dispatch packet dimensionality. Must be a value
3615                                                       between 1 and 3.
3616
3617                                                     "hidden_heap_v1"
3618                                                       A global address space pointer to an initialized memory
3619                                                       buffer that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free
3620                                                       device library V1 version implementation.
3621
3622                                                     "hidden_private_base"
3623                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing private aperture base.
3624                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between private segment
3625                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3626
3627                                                     "hidden_shared_base"
3628                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing shared aperture base.
3629                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between shared segment
3630                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3631
3632                                                     "hidden_queue_ptr"
3633                                                       A global memory address space pointer to the ROCm runtime
3634                                                       ``struct amd_queue_t`` structure for the HSA queue of the
3635                                                       associated dispatch AQL packet. It is only required for pre-GFX9
3636                                                       devices for the trap handler ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi`).
3637
3638     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3639
3640..
3641
3642Kernel Dispatch
3643~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3644
3645The HSA architected queuing language (AQL) defines a user space memory interface
3646that can be used to control the dispatch of kernels, in an agent independent
3647way. An agent can have zero or more AQL queues created for it using an HSA
3648compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), in which AQL packets (all of which
3649are 64 bytes) can be placed. See the *HSA Platform System Architecture
3650Specification* [HSA]_ for the AQL queue mechanics and packet layouts.
3651
3652The packet processor of a kernel agent is responsible for detecting and
3653dispatching HSA kernels from the AQL queues associated with it. For AMD GPUs the
3654packet processor is implemented by the hardware command processor (CP),
3655asynchronous dispatch controller (ADC) and shader processor input controller
3656(SPI).
3657
3658An HSA compatible runtime can be used to allocate an AQL queue object. It uses
3659the kernel mode driver to initialize and register the AQL queue with CP.
3660
3661To dispatch a kernel the following actions are performed. This can occur in the
3662CPU host program, or from an HSA kernel executing on a GPU.
3663
36641. A pointer to an AQL queue for the kernel agent on which the kernel is to be
3665   executed is obtained.
36662. A pointer to the kernel descriptor (see
3667   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`) of the kernel to execute is obtained.
3668   It must be for a kernel that is contained in a code object that was loaded
3669   by an HSA compatible runtime on the kernel agent with which the AQL queue is
3670   associated.
36713. Space is allocated for the kernel arguments using the HSA compatible runtime
3672   allocator for a memory region with the kernarg property for the kernel agent
3673   that will execute the kernel. It must be at least 16-byte aligned.
36744. Kernel argument values are assigned to the kernel argument memory
3675   allocation. The layout is defined in the *HSA Programmer's Language
3676   Reference* [HSA]_. For AMDGPU the kernel execution directly accesses the
3677   kernel argument memory in the same way constant memory is accessed. (Note
3678   that the HSA specification allows an implementation to copy the kernel
3679   argument contents to another location that is accessed by the kernel.)
36805. An AQL kernel dispatch packet is created on the AQL queue. The HSA compatible
3681   runtime api uses 64-bit atomic operations to reserve space in the AQL queue
3682   for the packet. The packet must be set up, and the final write must use an
3683   atomic store release to set the packet kind to ensure the packet contents are
3684   visible to the kernel agent. AQL defines a doorbell signal mechanism to
3685   notify the kernel agent that the AQL queue has been updated. These rules, and
3686   the layout of the AQL queue and kernel dispatch packet is defined in the *HSA
3687   System Architecture Specification* [HSA]_.
36886. A kernel dispatch packet includes information about the actual dispatch,
3689   such as grid and work-group size, together with information from the code
3690   object about the kernel, such as segment sizes. The HSA compatible runtime
3691   queries on the kernel symbol can be used to obtain the code object values
3692   which are recorded in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`.
36937. CP executes micro-code and is responsible for detecting and setting up the
3694   GPU to execute the wavefronts of a kernel dispatch.
36958. CP ensures that when the a wavefront starts executing the kernel machine
3696   code, the scalar general purpose registers (SGPR) and vector general purpose
3697   registers (VGPR) are set up as required by the machine code. The required
3698   setup is defined in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. The initial
3699   register state is defined in
3700   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
37019. The prolog of the kernel machine code (see
3702   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`) sets up the machine state as necessary
3703   before continuing executing the machine code that corresponds to the kernel.
370410. When the kernel dispatch has completed execution, CP signals the completion
3705    signal specified in the kernel dispatch packet if not 0.
3706
3707.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces:
3708
3709Memory Spaces
3710~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3711
3712The memory space properties are:
3713
3714  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Spaces
3715     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces-table
3716
3717     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3718     Memory Space Name HSA Segment Hardware Address NULL Value
3719                       Name        Name     Size
3720     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3721     Private           private     scratch  32      0x00000000
3722     Local             group       LDS      32      0xFFFFFFFF
3723     Global            global      global   64      0x0000000000000000
3724     Constant          constant    *same as 64      0x0000000000000000
3725                                   global*
3726     Generic           flat        flat     64      0x0000000000000000
3727     Region            N/A         GDS      32      *not implemented
3728                                                    for AMDHSA*
3729     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3730
3731The global and constant memory spaces both use global virtual addresses, which
3732are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some virtual
3733addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible by the GPU,
3734and some by both.
3735
3736Using the constant memory space indicates that the data will not change during
3737the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to be
3738used. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated of volatile data before
3739each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant memory to change values between
3740kernel dispatches.
3741
3742The local memory space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
3743automatically allocated when the hardware creates work-groups of wavefronts, and
3744freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have terminated. The data store
3745(DS) instructions can be used to access it.
3746
3747The private memory space uses the hardware scratch memory support. If the kernel
3748uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory that is accessed using
3749wavefront lane dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping used from private
3750address to physical address is:
3751
3752  ``wavefront-scratch-base +
3753  (private-address * wavefront-size * 4) +
3754  (wavefront-lane-id * 4)``
3755
3756There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is determined
3757by a wavefront (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). This
3758memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer instruction with
3759the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch offset, by the scratch
3760instructions, or by flat instructions. If each lane of a wavefront accesses the
3761same private address, the interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed
3762and hence requires fewer cache lines to be fetched. Multi-dword access is not
3763supported except by flat and scratch instructions in GFX9-GFX10.
3764
3765The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support available in
3766GFX7-GFX10. This uses two fixed ranges of virtual addresses (the private and
3767local apertures), that are outside the range of addressible global memory, to
3768map from a flat address to a private or local address.
3769
3770FLAT instructions can take a flat address and access global, private (scratch)
3771and group (LDS) memory depending on if the address is within one of the
3772aperture ranges. Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and
3773setup in the kernel prologue (see
3774:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat access to LDS requires
3775hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register setup (see
3776:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
3777
3778To convert between a segment address and a flat address the base address of the
3779apertures address can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
3780:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
3781Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
3782GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline constant
3783registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``. In 64 bit
3784address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is aligned to 2^32
3785which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or segment to flat.
3786
3787Image and Samplers
3788~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3789
3790Image and sample handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3791:ref:`amdgpu-os`) are 64-bit addresses of a hardware 32-byte V# and 48 byte S#
3792object respectively. In order to support the HSA ``query_sampler`` operations
3793two extra dwords are used to store the HSA BRIG enumeration values for the
3794queries that are not trivially deducible from the S# representation.
3795
3796HSA Signals
3797~~~~~~~~~~~
3798
3799HSA signal handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`)
3800are 64-bit addresses of a structure allocated in memory accessible from both the
3801CPU and GPU. The structure is defined by the runtime and subject to change
3802between releases. For example, see [AMD-ROCm-github]_.
3803
3804.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue:
3805
3806HSA AQL Queue
3807~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3808
3809The HSA AQL queue structure is defined by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3810:ref:`amdgpu-os`) and subject to change between releases. For example, see
3811[AMD-ROCm-github]_. For some processors it contains fields needed to implement
3812certain language features such as the flat address aperture bases. It also
3813contains fields used by CP such as managing the allocation of scratch memory.
3814
3815.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor:
3816
3817Kernel Descriptor
3818~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3819
3820A kernel descriptor consists of the information needed by CP to initiate the
3821execution of a kernel, including the entry point address of the machine code
3822that implements the kernel.
3823
3824Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3825++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3826
3827CP microcode requires the Kernel descriptor to be allocated on 64-byte
3828alignment.
3829
3830The fields used by CP for code objects before V3 also match those specified in
3831:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
3832
3833  .. table:: Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3834     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table
3835
3836     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3837     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3838     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3839     31:0    4 bytes GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE        The amount of fixed local
3840                                                     address space memory
3841                                                     required for a work-group
3842                                                     in bytes. This does not
3843                                                     include any dynamically
3844                                                     allocated local address
3845                                                     space memory that may be
3846                                                     added when the kernel is
3847                                                     dispatched.
3848     63:32   4 bytes PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE      The amount of fixed
3849                                                     private address space
3850                                                     memory required for a
3851                                                     work-item in bytes.
3852                                                     Additional space may need to
3853                                                     be added to this value if
3854                                                     the call stack has
3855                                                     non-inlined function calls.
3856     95:64   4 bytes KERNARG_SIZE                    The size of the kernarg
3857                                                     memory pointed to by the
3858                                                     AQL dispatch packet. The
3859                                                     kernarg memory is used to
3860                                                     pass arguments to the
3861                                                     kernel.
3862
3863                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3864                                                       the dispatch packet is NULL
3865                                                       then there are no kernel
3866                                                       arguments.
3867                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3868                                                       the dispatch packet is
3869                                                       not NULL and this value
3870                                                       is 0 then the kernarg
3871                                                       memory size is
3872                                                       unspecified.
3873                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3874                                                       the dispatch packet is
3875                                                       not NULL and this value
3876                                                       is not 0 then the value
3877                                                       specifies the kernarg
3878                                                       memory size in bytes. It
3879                                                       is recommended to provide
3880                                                       a value as it may be used
3881                                                       by CP to optimize making
3882                                                       the kernarg memory
3883                                                       visible to the kernel
3884                                                       code.
3885
3886     127:96  4 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3887     191:128 8 bytes KERNEL_CODE_ENTRY_BYTE_OFFSET   Byte offset (possibly
3888                                                     negative) from base
3889                                                     address of kernel
3890                                                     descriptor to kernel's
3891                                                     entry point instruction
3892                                                     which must be 256 byte
3893                                                     aligned.
3894     351:272 20                                      Reserved, must be 0.
3895             bytes
3896     383:352 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3               GFX6-GFX9
3897                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3898                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3899                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3900                                                       program settings used by
3901                                                       CP to set up
3902                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3903                                                       configuration
3904                                                       register. See
3905                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
3906                                                     GFX10
3907                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3908                                                       program settings used by
3909                                                       CP to set up
3910                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3911                                                       configuration
3912                                                       register. See
3913                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
3914     415:384 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1               Compute Shader (CS)
3915                                                     program settings used by
3916                                                     CP to set up
3917                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1``
3918                                                     configuration
3919                                                     register. See
3920                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3921     447:416 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2               Compute Shader (CS)
3922                                                     program settings used by
3923                                                     CP to set up
3924                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2``
3925                                                     configuration
3926                                                     register. See
3927                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3928     458:448 7 bits  *See separate bits below.*      Enable the setup of the
3929                                                     SGPR user data registers
3930                                                     (see
3931                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
3932
3933                                                     The total number of SGPR
3934                                                     user data registers
3935                                                     requested must not exceed
3936                                                     16 and match value in
3937                                                     ``compute_pgm_rsrc2.user_sgpr.user_sgpr_count``.
3938                                                     Any requests beyond 16
3939                                                     will be ignored.
3940     >448    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT     If the *Target Properties*
3941                     _BUFFER                         column of
3942                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3943                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3944                                                     scratch* then not supported
3945                                                     and must be 0,
3946     >449    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR
3947     >450    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR
3948     >451    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR
3949     >452    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID
3950     >453    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT   If the *Target Properties*
3951                                                     column of
3952                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3953                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3954                                                     scratch* then not supported
3955                                                     and must be 0,
3956     >454    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT
3957                     _SIZE
3958     457:455 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3959     458     1 bit   ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32         GFX6-GFX9
3960                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3961                                                     GFX10
3962                                                       - If 0 execute in
3963                                                         wavefront size 64 mode.
3964                                                       - If 1 execute in
3965                                                         native wavefront size
3966                                                         32 mode.
3967     463:459 1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
3968     464     1 bit   RESERVED_464                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3969     467:465 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3970     468     1 bit   RESERVED_468                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3971     469:471 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3972     511:472 5 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3973     512     **Total size 64 bytes.**
3974     ======= ====================================================================
3975
3976..
3977
3978  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc1 for GFX6-GFX10
3979     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table
3980
3981     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3982     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3983     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3984     5:0     6 bits  GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT  Number of vector register
3985                                                     blocks used by each work-item;
3986                                                     granularity is device
3987                                                     specific:
3988
3989                                                     GFX6-GFX9
3990                                                       - vgprs_used 0..256
3991                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
3992                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3993                                                       - vgprs_used 0..512
3994                                                       - vgprs_used = align(arch_vgprs, 4)
3995                                                                      + acc_vgprs
3996                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
3997                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 64)
3998                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
3999                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
4000                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 32)
4001                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
4002                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
4003
4004                                                     Where vgprs_used is defined
4005                                                     as the highest VGPR number
4006                                                     explicitly referenced plus
4007                                                     one.
4008
4009                                                     Used by CP to set up
4010                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.VGPRS``.
4011
4012                                                     The
4013                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4014                                                     calculates this
4015                                                     automatically for the
4016                                                     selected processor from
4017                                                     values provided to the
4018                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4019                                                     by the
4020                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr`
4021                                                     nested directive (see
4022                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4023     9:6     4 bits  GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT Number of scalar register
4024                                                     blocks used by a wavefront;
4025                                                     granularity is device
4026                                                     specific:
4027
4028                                                     GFX6-GFX8
4029                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4030                                                       - max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 8) - 1)
4031                                                     GFX9
4032                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4033                                                       - 2 * max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 16) - 1)
4034                                                     GFX10
4035                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4036                                                       (128 SGPRs always
4037                                                       allocated.)
4038
4039                                                     Where sgprs_used is
4040                                                     defined as the highest
4041                                                     SGPR number explicitly
4042                                                     referenced plus one, plus
4043                                                     a target specific number
4044                                                     of additional special
4045                                                     SGPRs for VCC,
4046                                                     FLAT_SCRATCH (GFX7+) and
4047                                                     XNACK_MASK (GFX8+), and
4048                                                     any additional
4049                                                     target specific
4050                                                     limitations. It does not
4051                                                     include the 16 SGPRs added
4052                                                     if a trap handler is
4053                                                     enabled.
4054
4055                                                     The target specific
4056                                                     limitations and special
4057                                                     SGPR layout are defined in
4058                                                     the hardware
4059                                                     documentation, which can
4060                                                     be found in the
4061                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processors`
4062                                                     table.
4063
4064                                                     Used by CP to set up
4065                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.SGPRS``.
4066
4067                                                     The
4068                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4069                                                     calculates this
4070                                                     automatically for the
4071                                                     selected processor from
4072                                                     values provided to the
4073                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4074                                                     by the
4075                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr`
4076                                                     and `.amdhsa_reserve_*`
4077                                                     nested directives (see
4078                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4079     11:10   2 bits  PRIORITY                        Must be 0.
4080
4081                                                     Start executing wavefront
4082                                                     at the specified priority.
4083
4084                                                     CP is responsible for
4085                                                     filling in
4086                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIORITY``.
4087     13:12   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32             Wavefront starts execution
4088                                                     with specified rounding
4089                                                     mode for single (32
4090                                                     bit) floating point
4091                                                     precision floating point
4092                                                     operations.
4093
4094                                                     Floating point rounding
4095                                                     mode values are defined in
4096                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4097
4098                                                     Used by CP to set up
4099                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4100     15:14   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64          Wavefront starts execution
4101                                                     with specified rounding
4102                                                     denorm mode for half/double (16
4103                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4104                                                     precision floating point
4105                                                     operations.
4106
4107                                                     Floating point rounding
4108                                                     mode values are defined in
4109                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4110
4111                                                     Used by CP to set up
4112                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4113     17:16   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32            Wavefront starts execution
4114                                                     with specified denorm mode
4115                                                     for single (32
4116                                                     bit)  floating point
4117                                                     precision floating point
4118                                                     operations.
4119
4120                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4121                                                     values are defined in
4122                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4123
4124                                                     Used by CP to set up
4125                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4126     19:18   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64         Wavefront starts execution
4127                                                     with specified denorm mode
4128                                                     for half/double (16
4129                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4130                                                     precision floating point
4131                                                     operations.
4132
4133                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4134                                                     values are defined in
4135                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4136
4137                                                     Used by CP to set up
4138                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4139     20      1 bit   PRIV                            Must be 0.
4140
4141                                                     Start executing wavefront
4142                                                     in privilege trap handler
4143                                                     mode.
4144
4145                                                     CP is responsible for
4146                                                     filling in
4147                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIV``.
4148     21      1 bit   ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP               Wavefront starts execution
4149                                                     with DX10 clamp mode
4150                                                     enabled. Used by the vector
4151                                                     ALU to force DX10 style
4152                                                     treatment of NaN's (when
4153                                                     set, clamp NaN to zero,
4154                                                     otherwise pass NaN
4155                                                     through).
4156
4157                                                     Used by CP to set up
4158                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DX10_CLAMP``.
4159     22      1 bit   DEBUG_MODE                      Must be 0.
4160
4161                                                     Start executing wavefront
4162                                                     in single step mode.
4163
4164                                                     CP is responsible for
4165                                                     filling in
4166                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DEBUG_MODE``.
4167     23      1 bit   ENABLE_IEEE_MODE                Wavefront starts execution
4168                                                     with IEEE mode
4169                                                     enabled. Floating point
4170                                                     opcodes that support
4171                                                     exception flag gathering
4172                                                     will quiet and propagate
4173                                                     signaling-NaN inputs per
4174                                                     IEEE 754-2008. Min_dx10 and
4175                                                     max_dx10 become IEEE
4176                                                     754-2008 compliant due to
4177                                                     signaling-NaN propagation
4178                                                     and quieting.
4179
4180                                                     Used by CP to set up
4181                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.IEEE_MODE``.
4182     24      1 bit   BULKY                           Must be 0.
4183
4184                                                     Only one work-group allowed
4185                                                     to execute on a compute
4186                                                     unit.
4187
4188                                                     CP is responsible for
4189                                                     filling in
4190                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.BULKY``.
4191     25      1 bit   CDBG_USER                       Must be 0.
4192
4193                                                     Flag that can be used to
4194                                                     control debugging code.
4195
4196                                                     CP is responsible for
4197                                                     filling in
4198                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.CDBG_USER``.
4199     26      1 bit   FP16_OVFL                       GFX6-GFX8
4200                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4201                                                     GFX9-GFX10
4202                                                       Wavefront starts execution
4203                                                       with specified fp16 overflow
4204                                                       mode.
4205
4206                                                       - If 0, fp16 overflow generates
4207                                                         +/-INF values.
4208                                                       - If 1, fp16 overflow that is the
4209                                                         result of an +/-INF input value
4210                                                         or divide by 0 produces a +/-INF,
4211                                                         otherwise clamps computed
4212                                                         overflow to +/-MAX_FP16 as
4213                                                         appropriate.
4214
4215                                                       Used by CP to set up
4216                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FP16_OVFL``.
4217     28:27   2 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
4218     29      1 bit    WGP_MODE                       GFX6-GFX9
4219                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4220                                                     GFX10
4221                                                       - If 0 execute work-groups in
4222                                                         CU wavefront execution mode.
4223                                                       - If 1 execute work-groups on
4224                                                         in WGP wavefront execution mode.
4225
4226                                                       See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`.
4227
4228                                                       Used by CP to set up
4229                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.WGP_MODE``.
4230     30      1 bit    MEM_ORDERED                    GFX6-GFX9
4231                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4232                                                     GFX10
4233                                                       Controls the behavior of the
4234                                                       s_waitcnt's vmcnt and vscnt
4235                                                       counters.
4236
4237                                                       - If 0 vmcnt reports completion
4238                                                         of load and atomic with return
4239                                                         out of order with sample
4240                                                         instructions, and the vscnt
4241                                                         reports the completion of
4242                                                         store and atomic without
4243                                                         return in order.
4244                                                       - If 1 vmcnt reports completion
4245                                                         of load, atomic with return
4246                                                         and sample instructions in
4247                                                         order, and the vscnt reports
4248                                                         the completion of store and
4249                                                         atomic without return in order.
4250
4251                                                       Used by CP to set up
4252                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.MEM_ORDERED``.
4253     31      1 bit    FWD_PROGRESS                   GFX6-GFX9
4254                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4255                                                     GFX10
4256                                                       - If 0 execute SIMD wavefronts
4257                                                         using oldest first policy.
4258                                                       - If 1 execute SIMD wavefronts to
4259                                                         ensure wavefronts will make some
4260                                                         forward progress.
4261
4262                                                       Used by CP to set up
4263                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FWD_PROGRESS``.
4264     32      **Total size 4 bytes**
4265     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4266
4267..
4268
4269  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc2 for GFX6-GFX10
4270     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table
4271
4272     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4273     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4274     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4275     0       1 bit   ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT          * Enable the setup of the
4276                                                       private segment.
4277                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4278                                                       column of
4279                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4280                                                       does not specify
4281                                                       *Architected flat
4282                                                       scratch* then enable the
4283                                                       setup of the SGPR
4284                                                       wavefront scratch offset
4285                                                       system register (see
4286                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4287                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4288                                                       column of
4289                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4290                                                       specifies *Architected
4291                                                       flat scratch* then enable
4292                                                       the setup of the
4293                                                       FLAT_SCRATCH register
4294                                                       pair (see
4295                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4296
4297                                                     Used by CP to set up
4298                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.SCRATCH_EN``.
4299     5:1     5 bits  USER_SGPR_COUNT                 The total number of SGPR
4300                                                     user data
4301                                                     registers requested. This
4302                                                     number must be greater than
4303                                                     or equal to the number of user
4304                                                     data registers enabled.
4305
4306                                                     Used by CP to set up
4307                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.USER_SGPR``.
4308     6       1 bit   ENABLE_TRAP_HANDLER             Must be 0.
4309
4310                                                     This bit represents
4311                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TRAP_PRESENT``,
4312                                                     which is set by the CP if
4313                                                     the runtime has installed a
4314                                                     trap handler.
4315     7       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X      Enable the setup of the
4316                                                     system SGPR register for
4317                                                     the work-group id in the X
4318                                                     dimension (see
4319                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4320
4321                                                     Used by CP to set up
4322                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_X_EN``.
4323     8       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y      Enable the setup of the
4324                                                     system SGPR register for
4325                                                     the work-group id in the Y
4326                                                     dimension (see
4327                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4328
4329                                                     Used by CP to set up
4330                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Y_EN``.
4331     9       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z      Enable the setup of the
4332                                                     system SGPR register for
4333                                                     the work-group id in the Z
4334                                                     dimension (see
4335                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4336
4337                                                     Used by CP to set up
4338                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Z_EN``.
4339     10      1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO      Enable the setup of the
4340                                                     system SGPR register for
4341                                                     work-group information (see
4342                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4343
4344                                                     Used by CP to set up
4345                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_SIZE_EN``.
4346     12:11   2 bits  ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID         Enable the setup of the
4347                                                     VGPR system registers used
4348                                                     for the work-item ID.
4349                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`
4350                                                     defines the values.
4351
4352                                                     Used by CP to set up
4353                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TIDIG_CMP_CNT``.
4354     13      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_ADDRESS_WATCH  Must be 0.
4355
4356                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4357                                                     with address watch
4358                                                     exceptions enabled which
4359                                                     are generated when L1 has
4360                                                     witnessed a thread access
4361                                                     an *address of
4362                                                     interest*.
4363
4364                                                     CP is responsible for
4365                                                     filling in the address
4366                                                     watch bit in
4367                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4368                                                     according to what the
4369                                                     runtime requests.
4370     14      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_MEMORY         Must be 0.
4371
4372                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4373                                                     with memory violation
4374                                                     exceptions exceptions
4375                                                     enabled which are generated
4376                                                     when a memory violation has
4377                                                     occurred for this wavefront from
4378                                                     L1 or LDS
4379                                                     (write-to-read-only-memory,
4380                                                     mis-aligned atomic, LDS
4381                                                     address out of range,
4382                                                     illegal address, etc.).
4383
4384                                                     CP sets the memory
4385                                                     violation bit in
4386                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4387                                                     according to what the
4388                                                     runtime requests.
4389     23:15   9 bits  GRANULATED_LDS_SIZE             Must be 0.
4390
4391                                                     CP uses the rounded value
4392                                                     from the dispatch packet,
4393                                                     not this value, as the
4394                                                     dispatch may contain
4395                                                     dynamically allocated group
4396                                                     segment memory. CP writes
4397                                                     directly to
4398                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.LDS_SIZE``.
4399
4400                                                     Amount of group segment
4401                                                     (LDS) to allocate for each
4402                                                     work-group. Granularity is
4403                                                     device specific:
4404
4405                                                     GFX6
4406                                                       roundup(lds-size / (64 * 4))
4407                                                     GFX7-GFX10
4408                                                       roundup(lds-size / (128 * 4))
4409
4410     24      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    Wavefront starts execution
4411                     _INVALID_OPERATION              with specified exceptions
4412                                                     enabled.
4413
4414                                                     Used by CP to set up
4415                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN``
4416                                                     (set from bits 0..6).
4417
4418                                                     IEEE 754 FP Invalid
4419                                                     Operation
4420     25      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL    FP Denormal one or more
4421                     _SOURCE                         input operands is a
4422                                                     denormal number
4423     26      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Division by
4424                     _DIVISION_BY_ZERO               Zero
4425     27      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP FP Overflow
4426                     _OVERFLOW
4427     28      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Underflow
4428                     _UNDERFLOW
4429     29      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Inexact
4430                     _INEXACT
4431     30      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY  Integer Division by Zero
4432                     _ZERO                           (rcp_iflag_f32 instruction
4433                                                     only)
4434     31      1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
4435     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4436     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4437
4438..
4439
4440  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX90A, GFX940
4441     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table
4442
4443     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4444     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4445     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4446     5:0     6 bits  ACCUM_OFFSET                    Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file. Granularity 4.
4447                                                     Value 0-63. 0 - accum-offset = 4, 1 - accum-offset = 8, ...,
4448                                                     63 - accum-offset = 256.
4449     6:15    10                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4450             bits
4451     16      1 bit   TG_SPLIT                        - If 0 the waves of a work-group are
4452                                                       launched in the same CU.
4453                                                     - If 1 the waves of a work-group can be
4454                                                       launched in different CUs. The waves
4455                                                       cannot use S_BARRIER or LDS.
4456     17:31   15                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4457             bits
4458     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4459     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4460
4461..
4462
4463  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX10
4464     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table
4465
4466     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4467     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4468     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4469     3:0     4 bits  SHARED_VGPR_COUNT               Number of shared VGPR blocks when executing in subvector mode. For
4470                                                     wavefront size 64 the value is 0-15, representing 0-120 VGPRs (granularity
4471                                                     of 8), such that (compute_pgm_rsrc1.vgprs +1)*4 + shared_vgpr_count*8 does
4472                                                     not exceed 256. For wavefront size 32 shared_vgpr_count must be 0.
4473     31:4    28                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4474             bits
4475     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4476     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4477
4478..
4479
4480  .. table:: Floating Point Rounding Mode Enumeration Values
4481     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table
4482
4483     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4484     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4485     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4486     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_NEAR_EVEN             0     Round Ties To Even
4487     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_PLUS_INFINITY         1     Round Toward +infinity
4488     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_MINUS_INFINITY        2     Round Toward -infinity
4489     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_ZERO                  3     Round Toward 0
4490     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4491
4492..
4493
4494  .. table:: Floating Point Denorm Mode Enumeration Values
4495     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table
4496
4497     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4498     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4499     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4500     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC_DST        0     Flush Source and Destination
4501                                                  Denorms
4502     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_DST            1     Flush Output Denorms
4503     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC            2     Flush Source Denorms
4504     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_NONE           3     No Flush
4505     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4506
4507..
4508
4509  .. table:: System VGPR Work-Item ID Enumeration Values
4510     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table
4511
4512     ======================================== ===== ============================
4513     Enumeration Name                         Value Description
4514     ======================================== ===== ============================
4515     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X                0     Set work-item X dimension
4516                                                    ID.
4517     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y              1     Set work-item X and Y
4518                                                    dimensions ID.
4519     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y_Z            2     Set work-item X, Y and Z
4520                                                    dimensions ID.
4521     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_UNDEFINED        3     Undefined.
4522     ======================================== ===== ============================
4523
4524.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state:
4525
4526Initial Kernel Execution State
4527~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4528
4529This section defines the register state that will be set up by the packet
4530processor prior to the start of execution of every wavefront. This is limited by
4531the constraints of the hardware controllers of CP/ADC/SPI.
4532
4533The order of the SGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4534ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit
4535fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4536for enabled registers are dense starting at SGPR0: the first enabled register is
4537SGPR0, the next enabled register is SGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have
4538an SGPR number.
4539
4540The initial SGPRs comprise up to 16 User SRGPs that are set by CP and apply to
4541all wavefronts of the grid. It is possible to specify more than 16 User SGPRs
4542using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit fields, in which case only the first 16 are
4543actually initialized. These are then immediately followed by the System SGPRs
4544that are set up by ADC/SPI and can have different values for each wavefront of
4545the grid dispatch.
4546
4547SGPR register initial state is defined in
4548:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
4549
4550  .. table:: SGPR Register Set Up Order
4551     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table
4552
4553     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4554     SGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4555                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4556                field)                     SGPRs
4557     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4558     First      Private Segment Buffer     4      See
4559                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4560                _segment_buffer)
4561     then       Dispatch Ptr               2      64-bit address of AQL dispatch
4562                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_ptr)        packet for kernel dispatch
4563                                                  actually executing.
4564     then       Queue Ptr                  2      64-bit address of amd_queue_t
4565                (enable_sgpr_queue_ptr)           object for AQL queue on which
4566                                                  the dispatch packet was
4567                                                  queued.
4568     then       Kernarg Segment Ptr        2      64-bit address of Kernarg
4569                (enable_sgpr_kernarg              segment. This is directly
4570                _segment_ptr)                     copied from the
4571                                                  kernarg_address in the kernel
4572                                                  dispatch packet.
4573
4574                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4575                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4576                                                  every wavefront.
4577     then       Dispatch Id                2      64-bit Dispatch ID of the
4578                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_id)         dispatch packet being
4579                                                  executed.
4580     then       Flat Scratch Init          2      See
4581                (enable_sgpr_flat_scratch         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4582                _init)
4583     then       Private Segment Size       1      The 32-bit byte size of a
4584                (enable_sgpr_private              single work-item's memory
4585                _segment_size)                    allocation. This is the
4586                                                  value from the kernel
4587                                                  dispatch packet Private
4588                                                  Segment Byte Size rounded up
4589                                                  by CP to a multiple of
4590                                                  DWORD.
4591
4592                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4593                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4594                                                  every wavefront.
4595
4596                                                  This is not used for
4597                                                  GFX7-GFX8 since it is the same
4598                                                  value as the second SGPR of
4599                                                  Flat Scratch Init. However, it
4600                                                  may be needed for GFX9-GFX10 which
4601                                                  changes the meaning of the
4602                                                  Flat Scratch Init value.
4603     then       Work-Group Id X            1      32-bit work-group id in X
4604                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4605                _X)                               wavefront.
4606     then       Work-Group Id Y            1      32-bit work-group id in Y
4607                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4608                _Y)                               wavefront.
4609     then       Work-Group Id Z            1      32-bit work-group id in Z
4610                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4611                _Z)                               wavefront.
4612     then       Work-Group Info            1      {first_wavefront, 14'b0000,
4613                (enable_sgpr_workgroup            ordered_append_term[10:0],
4614                _info)                            threadgroup_size_in_wavefronts[5:0]}
4615     then       Scratch Wavefront Offset   1      See
4616                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4617                _segment_wavefront_offset)        and
4618                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4619     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4620
4621The order of the VGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4622ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_vgpr*`` bit
4623fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4624for enabled registers are dense starting at VGPR0: the first enabled register is
4625VGPR0, the next enabled register is VGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have a
4626VGPR number.
4627
4628There are different methods used for the VGPR initial state:
4629
4630* Unless the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4631  specifies otherwise, a separate VGPR register is used per work-item ID. The
4632  VGPR register initial state for this method is defined in
4633  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table`.
4634* If *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4635  specifies *Packed work-item IDs*, the initial value of VGPR0 register is used
4636  for all work-item IDs. The register layout for this method is defined in
4637  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table`.
4638
4639  .. table:: VGPR Register Set Up Order for Unpacked Work-Item ID Method
4640     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table
4641
4642     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4643     VGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4644                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4645                field)                     VGPRs
4646     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4647     First      Work-Item Id X             1      32-bit work-item id in X
4648                (Always initialized)              dimension of work-group for
4649                                                  wavefront lane.
4650     then       Work-Item Id Y             1      32-bit work-item id in Y
4651                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4652                > 0)                              wavefront lane.
4653     then       Work-Item Id Z             1      32-bit work-item id in Z
4654                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4655                > 1)                              wavefront lane.
4656     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4657
4658..
4659
4660  .. table:: Register Layout for Packed Work-Item ID Method
4661     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table
4662
4663     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4664     Bits    Size    Field Name       Description
4665     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4666     0:9     10 bits Work-Item Id X   Work-item id in X
4667                                      dimension of work-group for
4668                                      wavefront lane.
4669
4670                                      Always initialized.
4671
4672     10:19   10 bits Work-Item Id Y   Work-item id in Y
4673                                      dimension of work-group for
4674                                      wavefront lane.
4675
4676                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4677                                      0, otherwise set to 0.
4678     20:29   10 bits Work-Item Id Z   Work-item id in Z
4679                                      dimension of work-group for
4680                                      wavefront lane.
4681
4682                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4683                                      1, otherwise set to 0.
4684     30:31   2 bits                   Reserved, set to 0.
4685     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4686
4687The setting of registers is done by GPU CP/ADC/SPI hardware as follows:
4688
46891. SGPRs before the Work-Group Ids are set by CP using the 16 User Data
4690   registers.
46912. Work-group Id registers X, Y, Z are set by ADC which supports any
4692   combination including none.
46933. Scratch Wavefront Offset is set by SPI in a per wavefront basis which is why
4694   its value cannot be included with the flat scratch init value which is per
4695   queue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`).
46964. The VGPRs are set by SPI which only supports specifying either (X), (X, Y)
4697   or (X, Y, Z).
46985. Flat Scratch register pair initialization is described in
4699   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4700
4701The global segment can be accessed either using buffer instructions (GFX6 which
4702has V# 64-bit address support), flat instructions (GFX7-GFX10), or global
4703instructions (GFX9-GFX10).
4704
4705If buffer operations are used, then the compiler can generate a V# with the
4706following properties:
4707
4708* base address of 0
4709* no swizzle
4710* ATC: 1 if IOMMU present (such as APU)
4711* ptr64: 1
4712* MTYPE set to support memory coherence that matches the runtime (such as CC for
4713  APU and NC for dGPU).
4714
4715.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog:
4716
4717Kernel Prolog
4718~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4719
4720The compiler performs initialization in the kernel prologue depending on the
4721target and information about things like stack usage in the kernel and called
4722functions. Some of this initialization requires the compiler to request certain
4723User and System SGPRs be present in the
4724:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` via the
4725:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
4726
4727.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-cfi:
4728
4729CFI
4730+++
4731
47321.  The CFI return address is undefined.
4733
47342.  The CFI CFA is defined using an expression which evaluates to a location
4735    description that comprises one memory location description for the
4736    ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space address ``0``.
4737
4738.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0:
4739
4740M0
4741++
4742
4743GFX6-GFX8
4744  The M0 register must be initialized with a value at least the total LDS size
4745  if the kernel may access LDS via DS or flat operations. Total LDS size is
4746  available in dispatch packet. For M0, it is also possible to use maximum
4747  possible value of LDS for given target (0x7FFF for GFX6 and 0xFFFF for
4748  GFX7-GFX8).
4749GFX9-GFX10
4750  The M0 register is not used for range checking LDS accesses and so does not
4751  need to be initialized in the prolog.
4752
4753.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-stack-pointer:
4754
4755Stack Pointer
4756+++++++++++++
4757
4758If the kernel has function calls it must set up the ABI stack pointer described
4759in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions` by setting
4760SGPR32 to the unswizzled scratch offset of the address past the last local
4761allocation.
4762
4763.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-frame-pointer:
4764
4765Frame Pointer
4766+++++++++++++
4767
4768If the kernel needs a frame pointer for the reasons defined in
4769``SIFrameLowering`` then SGPR33 is used and is always set to ``0`` in the
4770kernel prolog. If a frame pointer is not required then all uses of the frame
4771pointer are replaced with immediate ``0`` offsets.
4772
4773.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch:
4774
4775Flat Scratch
4776++++++++++++
4777
4778There are different methods used for initializing flat scratch:
4779
4780* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4781  specifies *Does not support generic address space*:
4782
4783  Flat scratch is not supported and there is no flat scratch register pair.
4784
4785* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4786  specifies *Offset flat scratch*:
4787
4788  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4789  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4790  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI). Initialization uses Flat Scratch Init and
4791  Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4792  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4793
4794  1. The low word of Flat Scratch Init is the 32-bit byte offset from
4795     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to the base of scratch backing memory
4796     being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch. This is
4797     the same value used in the Scratch Segment Buffer V# base address.
4798
4799     CP obtains this from the runtime. (The Scratch Segment Buffer base address
4800     is ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` plus this offset.)
4801
4802     The prolog must add the value of Scratch Wavefront Offset to get the
4803     wavefront's byte scratch backing memory offset from
4804     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID``.
4805
4806     The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4807     segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer.
4808
4809     Since FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is in units of 256 bytes, the offset must be right
4810     shifted by 8 before moving into FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.
4811
4812     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI corresponds to SGPRn-4 on GFX7, and SGPRn-6 on GFX8 (where
4813     SGPRn is the highest numbered SGPR allocated to the wavefront).
4814     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI is multiplied by 256 (as it is in units of 256 bytes) and
4815     added to ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to calculate the per wavefront
4816     FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat memory instructions that access the scratch
4817     aperture.
4818  2. The second word of Flat Scratch Init is 32-bit byte size of a single
4819     work-items scratch memory usage.
4820
4821     CP obtains this from the runtime, and it is always a multiple of DWORD. CP
4822     checks that the value in the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte
4823     Size is not larger and requests the runtime to increase the queue's scratch
4824     size if necessary.
4825
4826     CP directly loads from the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte Size
4827     field and rounds up to a multiple of DWORD. Having CP load it once avoids
4828     loading it at the beginning of every wavefront.
4829
4830     The kernel prolog code must move it to FLAT_SCRATCH_LO which is SGPRn-3 on
4831     GFX7 and SGPRn-5 on GFX8. FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is used as the FLAT SCRATCH SIZE
4832     in flat memory instructions.
4833
4834* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4835  specifies *Absolute flat scratch*:
4836
4837  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4838  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4839  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI which are in SGPRn-4/SGPRn-3). Initialization
4840  uses Flat Scratch Init and Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4841  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4842
4843  The Flat Scratch Init is the 64-bit address of the base of scratch backing
4844  memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch.
4845
4846  CP obtains this from the runtime.
4847
4848  The kernel prolog must add the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset
4849  and move the result as a 64-bit value to the FLAT_SCRATCH SGPR register pair
4850  which is SGPRn-6 and SGPRn-5. It is used as the FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat
4851  memory instructions.
4852
4853  The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4854  segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer (see
4855  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`).
4856
4857* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4858  specifies *Architected flat scratch*:
4859
4860  If ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT is enabled in
4861  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table` then the FLAT_SCRATCH
4862  register pair will be initialized to the 64-bit address of the base of scratch
4863  backing memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel
4864  dispatch plus the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset for use as the
4865  flat scratch base in flat memory instructions.
4866
4867.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer:
4868
4869Private Segment Buffer
4870++++++++++++++++++++++
4871
4872If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies
4873*Architected flat scratch* then a Private Segment Buffer is not supported.
4874Instead the flat SCRATCH instructions are used.
4875
4876Otherwise, Private Segment Buffer SGPR register is used to initialize 4 SGPRs
4877that are used as a V# to access scratch. CP uses the value provided by the
4878runtime. It is used, together with Scratch Wavefront Offset as an offset, to
4879access the private memory space using a segment address. See
4880:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
4881
4882The scratch V# is a four-aligned SGPR and always selected for the kernel as
4883follows:
4884
4885  - If it is known during instruction selection that there is stack usage,
4886    SGPR0-3 is reserved for use as the scratch V#.  Stack usage is assumed if
4887    optimizations are disabled (``-O0``), if stack objects already exist (for
4888    locals, etc.), or if there are any function calls.
4889
4890  - Otherwise, four high numbered SGPRs beginning at a four-aligned SGPR index
4891    are reserved for the tentative scratch V#. These will be used if it is
4892    determined that spilling is needed.
4893
4894    - If no use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then it is unreserved,
4895      and the register count is determined ignoring it.
4896    - If use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then its register numbers
4897      are shifted to the first four-aligned SGPR index after the highest one
4898      allocated by the register allocator, and all uses are updated. The
4899      register count includes them in the shifted location.
4900    - In either case, if the processor has the SGPR allocation bug, the
4901      tentative allocation is not shifted or unreserved in order to ensure
4902      the register count is higher to workaround the bug.
4903
4904    .. note::
4905
4906      This approach of using a tentative scratch V# and shifting the register
4907      numbers if used avoids having to perform register allocation a second
4908      time if the tentative V# is eliminated. This is more efficient and
4909      avoids the problem that the second register allocation may perform
4910      spilling which will fail as there is no longer a scratch V#.
4911
4912When the kernel prolog code is being emitted it is known whether the scratch V#
4913described above is actually used. If it is, the prolog code must set it up by
4914copying the Private Segment Buffer to the scratch V# registers and then adding
4915the Private Segment Wavefront Offset to the queue base address in the V#. The
4916result is a V# with a base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront
4917scratch backing memory.
4918
4919The Private Segment Buffer is always requested, but the Private Segment
4920Wavefront Offset is only requested if it is used (see
4921:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4922
4923.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model:
4924
4925Memory Model
4926~~~~~~~~~~~~
4927
4928This section describes the mapping of the LLVM memory model onto AMDGPU machine
4929code (see :ref:`memmodel`).
4930
4931The AMDGPU backend supports the memory synchronization scopes specified in
4932:ref:`amdgpu-memory-scopes`.
4933
4934The code sequences used to implement the memory model specify the order of
4935instructions that a single thread must execute. The ``s_waitcnt`` and cache
4936management instructions such as ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` are defined with respect
4937to other memory instructions executed by the same thread. This allows them to be
4938moved earlier or later which can allow them to be combined with other instances
4939of the same instruction, or hoisted/sunk out of loops to improve performance.
4940Only the instructions related to the memory model are given; additional
4941``s_waitcnt`` instructions are required to ensure registers are defined before
4942being used. These may be able to be combined with the memory model ``s_waitcnt``
4943instructions as described above.
4944
4945The AMDGPU backend supports the following memory models:
4946
4947  HSA Memory Model [HSA]_
4948    The HSA memory model uses a single happens-before relation for all address
4949    spaces (see :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`).
4950  OpenCL Memory Model [OpenCL]_
4951    The OpenCL memory model which has separate happens-before relations for the
4952    global and local address spaces. Only a fence specifying both global and
4953    local address space, and seq_cst instructions join the relationships. Since
4954    the LLVM ``memfence`` instruction does not allow an address space to be
4955    specified the OpenCL fence has to conservatively assume both local and
4956    global address space was specified. However, optimizations can often be
4957    done to eliminate the additional ``s_waitcnt`` instructions when there are
4958    no intervening memory instructions which access the corresponding address
4959    space. The code sequences in the table indicate what can be omitted for the
4960    OpenCL memory. The target triple environment is used to determine if the
4961    source language is OpenCL (see :ref:`amdgpu-opencl`).
4962
4963``ds/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to local memory are termed LDS
4964operations.
4965
4966``buffer/global/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to global memory are
4967termed vector memory operations.
4968
4969Private address space uses ``buffer_load/store`` using the scratch V#
4970(GFX6-GFX8), or ``scratch_load/store`` (GFX9-GFX10). Since only a single thread
4971is accessing the memory, atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all
4972accesses are treated as non-atomic.
4973
4974Constant address space uses ``buffer/global_load`` instructions (or equivalent
4975scalar memory instructions). Since the constant address space contents do not
4976change during the execution of a kernel dispatch it is not legal to perform
4977stores, and atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all accesses are
4978treated as non-atomic.
4979
4980A memory synchronization scope wider than work-group is not meaningful for the
4981group (LDS) address space and is treated as work-group.
4982
4983The memory model does not support the region address space which is treated as
4984non-atomic.
4985
4986Acquire memory ordering is not meaningful on store atomic instructions and is
4987treated as non-atomic.
4988
4989Release memory ordering is not meaningful on load atomic instructions and is
4990treated a non-atomic.
4991
4992Acquire-release memory ordering is not meaningful on load or store atomic
4993instructions and is treated as acquire and release respectively.
4994
4995The memory order also adds the single thread optimization constraints defined in
4996table
4997:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table`.
4998
4999  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Single Thread Optimization Constraints
5000     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table
5001
5002     ============ ==============================================================
5003     LLVM Memory  Optimization Constraints
5004     Ordering
5005     ============ ==============================================================
5006     unordered    *none*
5007     monotonic    *none*
5008     acquire      - If a load atomic/atomicrmw then no following load/load
5009                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
5010                    moved before the acquire.
5011                  - If a fence then same as load atomic, plus no preceding
5012                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved after the fence.
5013     release      - If a store atomic/atomicrmw then no preceding load/load
5014                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
5015                    moved after the release.
5016                  - If a fence then same as store atomic, plus no following
5017                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved before the
5018                    fence.
5019     acq_rel      Same constraints as both acquire and release.
5020     seq_cst      - If a load atomic then same constraints as acquire, plus no
5021                    preceding sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5022                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved after the
5023                    seq_cst.
5024                  - If a store atomic then the same constraints as release, plus
5025                    no following sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5026                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved before the
5027                    seq_cst.
5028                  - If an atomicrmw/fence then same constraints as acq_rel.
5029     ============ ==============================================================
5030
5031The code sequences used to implement the memory model are defined in the
5032following sections:
5033
5034* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9`
5035* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a`
5036* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940`
5037* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10`
5038
5039.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9:
5040
5041Memory Model GFX6-GFX9
5042++++++++++++++++++++++
5043
5044For GFX6-GFX9:
5045
5046* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
5047* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
5048* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
5049* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
5050  executed by different SIMDs.
5051* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
5052  executing on it.
5053* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
5054  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
5055  execution order.
5056* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
5057  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
5058  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
5059  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
5060  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
5061  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
5062  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
5063  operations performed by the same wavefront.
5064* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
5065  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
5066  that for GFX7-GFX9 ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of
5067  vector memory order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order
5068  if they access global memory.
5069* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
5070  SIMDs a CU. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between the
5071  lanes of a single wavefront, or for coherence between wavefronts in the same
5072  work-group. A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between
5073  wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on
5074  different CUs.
5075* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
5076  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
5077  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
5078  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5079* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
5080  the same agent.
5081* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
5082  addresses.
5083* Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
5084  scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
5085  work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs) of an agent can be
5086  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to
5087  ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
5088  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
5089  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
5090  requirements of acquire and release.
5091* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
5092  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
5093
5094Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
5095change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
5096address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
5097Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
5098ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
5099invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
5100may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
5101:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5102
5103The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
5104case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
5105accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
5106then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
5107return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
5108future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
5109creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
5110``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
5111
5112For kernarg backing memory:
5113
5114* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
5115* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host memory accessed as
5116  MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2 cache. This also
5117  causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not invalidated by
5118  ``*_vol``.
5119* On APU the kernarg backing memory it is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent)
5120  and so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
5121
5122Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
5123with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
5124only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
5125never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
5126invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
5127
5128The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX6-GFX9 are defined
5129in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table`.
5130
5131  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX6-GFX9
5132     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table
5133
5134     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5135     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
5136                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX6-GFX9
5137                                              Space
5138     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5139     **Non-Atomic**
5140     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5141     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5142                                              - generic
5143                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
5144                                              - constant
5145                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5146
5147                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5148                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5149
5150                                                         - volatile
5151
5152                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5153                                                              glc=1
5154                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5155
5156                                                            - Must happen before
5157                                                              any following volatile
5158                                                              global/generic
5159                                                              load/store.
5160                                                            - Ensures that
5161                                                              volatile
5162                                                              operations to
5163                                                              different
5164                                                              addresses will not
5165                                                              be reordered by
5166                                                              hardware.
5167
5168     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
5169     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5170                                              - generic
5171                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
5172                                              - constant
5173                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5174
5175                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5176                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5177
5178                                                         - volatile
5179
5180                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5181                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5182
5183                                                            - Must happen before
5184                                                              any following volatile
5185                                                              global/generic
5186                                                              load/store.
5187                                                            - Ensures that
5188                                                              volatile
5189                                                              operations to
5190                                                              different
5191                                                              addresses will not
5192                                                              be reordered by
5193                                                              hardware.
5194
5195     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
5196     **Unordered Atomic**
5197     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5198     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5199     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5200     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
5201     **Monotonic Atomic**
5202     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5203     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5204                               - wavefront    - local
5205                               - workgroup    - generic
5206     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
5207                               - system       - generic     glc=1
5208     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
5209                               - wavefront    - generic
5210                               - workgroup
5211                               - agent
5212                               - system
5213     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
5214                               - wavefront
5215                               - workgroup
5216     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5217                               - wavefront    - generic
5218                               - workgroup
5219                               - agent
5220                               - system
5221     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
5222                               - wavefront
5223                               - workgroup
5224     **Acquire Atomic**
5225     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5226     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5227                               - wavefront    - local
5228                                              - generic
5229     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load
5230     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_load
5231                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5232
5233                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5234                                                           - Must happen before
5235                                                             any following
5236                                                             global/generic
5237                                                             load/load
5238                                                             atomic/store/store
5239                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5240                                                           - Ensures any
5241                                                             following global
5242                                                             data read is no
5243                                                             older than a local load
5244                                                             atomic value being
5245                                                             acquired.
5246
5247     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
5248                               - system                     glc=1
5249                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5250
5251                                                           - Must happen before
5252                                                             following
5253                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5254                                                           - Ensures the load
5255                                                             has completed
5256                                                             before invalidating
5257                                                             the cache.
5258
5259                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5260
5261                                                           - Must happen before
5262                                                             any following
5263                                                             global/generic
5264                                                             load/load
5265                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5266                                                           - Ensures that
5267                                                             following
5268                                                             loads will not see
5269                                                             stale global data.
5270
5271     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
5272                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5273                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5274
5275                                                           - If OpenCL omit
5276                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5277                                                           - Must happen before
5278                                                             following
5279                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5280                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
5281                                                             has completed
5282                                                             before invalidating
5283                                                             the cache.
5284
5285                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5286
5287                                                           - Must happen before
5288                                                             any following
5289                                                             global/generic
5290                                                             load/load
5291                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5292                                                           - Ensures that
5293                                                             following loads
5294                                                             will not see stale
5295                                                             global data.
5296
5297     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5298                               - wavefront    - local
5299                                              - generic
5300     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5301     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_atomic
5302                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5303
5304                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5305                                                           - Must happen before
5306                                                             any following
5307                                                             global/generic
5308                                                             load/load
5309                                                             atomic/store/store
5310                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5311                                                           - Ensures any
5312                                                             following global
5313                                                             data read is no
5314                                                             older than a local
5315                                                             atomicrmw value
5316                                                             being acquired.
5317
5318     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5319                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5320
5321                                                           - Must happen before
5322                                                             following
5323                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5324                                                           - Ensures the
5325                                                             atomicrmw has
5326                                                             completed before
5327                                                             invalidating the
5328                                                             cache.
5329
5330                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5331
5332                                                           - Must happen before
5333                                                             any following
5334                                                             global/generic
5335                                                             load/load
5336                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5337                                                           - Ensures that
5338                                                             following loads
5339                                                             will not see stale
5340                                                             global data.
5341
5342     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
5343                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5344                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5345
5346                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5347                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5348                                                           - Must happen before
5349                                                             following
5350                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5351                                                           - Ensures the
5352                                                             atomicrmw has
5353                                                             completed before
5354                                                             invalidating the
5355                                                             cache.
5356
5357                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5358
5359                                                           - Must happen before
5360                                                             any following
5361                                                             global/generic
5362                                                             load/load
5363                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5364                                                           - Ensures that
5365                                                             following loads
5366                                                             will not see stale
5367                                                             global data.
5368
5369     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5370                               - wavefront
5371     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5372
5373                                                           - If OpenCL and
5374                                                             address space is
5375                                                             not generic, omit.
5376                                                           - However, since LLVM
5377                                                             currently has no
5378                                                             address space on
5379                                                             the fence need to
5380                                                             conservatively
5381                                                             always generate. If
5382                                                             fence had an
5383                                                             address space then
5384                                                             set to address
5385                                                             space of OpenCL
5386                                                             fence flag, or to
5387                                                             generic if both
5388                                                             local and global
5389                                                             flags are
5390                                                             specified.
5391                                                           - Must happen after
5392                                                             any preceding
5393                                                             local/generic load
5394                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5395                                                             with an equal or
5396                                                             wider sync scope
5397                                                             and memory ordering
5398                                                             stronger than
5399                                                             unordered (this is
5400                                                             termed the
5401                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5402                                                           - Must happen before
5403                                                             any following
5404                                                             global/generic
5405                                                             load/load
5406                                                             atomic/store/store
5407                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5408                                                           - Ensures any
5409                                                             following global
5410                                                             data read is no
5411                                                             older than the
5412                                                             value read by the
5413                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5414
5415     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5416                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5417
5418                                                           - If OpenCL and
5419                                                             address space is
5420                                                             not generic, omit
5421                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5422                                                           - However, since LLVM
5423                                                             currently has no
5424                                                             address space on
5425                                                             the fence need to
5426                                                             conservatively
5427                                                             always generate
5428                                                             (see comment for
5429                                                             previous fence).
5430                                                           - Could be split into
5431                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5432                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5433                                                             s_waitcnt
5434                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5435                                                             them to be
5436                                                             independently moved
5437                                                             according to the
5438                                                             following rules.
5439                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5440                                                             must happen after
5441                                                             any preceding
5442                                                             global/generic load
5443                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5444                                                             with an equal or
5445                                                             wider sync scope
5446                                                             and memory ordering
5447                                                             stronger than
5448                                                             unordered (this is
5449                                                             termed the
5450                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5451                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5452                                                             must happen after
5453                                                             any preceding
5454                                                             local/generic load
5455                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5456                                                             with an equal or
5457                                                             wider sync scope
5458                                                             and memory ordering
5459                                                             stronger than
5460                                                             unordered (this is
5461                                                             termed the
5462                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5463                                                           - Must happen before
5464                                                             the following
5465                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5466                                                           - Ensures that the
5467                                                             fence-paired atomic
5468                                                             has completed
5469                                                             before invalidating
5470                                                             the
5471                                                             cache. Therefore
5472                                                             any following
5473                                                             locations read must
5474                                                             be no older than
5475                                                             the value read by
5476                                                             the
5477                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5478
5479                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5480
5481                                                           - Must happen before any
5482                                                             following global/generic
5483                                                             load/load
5484                                                             atomic/store/store
5485                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5486                                                           - Ensures that
5487                                                             following loads
5488                                                             will not see stale
5489                                                             global data.
5490
5491     **Release Atomic**
5492     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5493     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
5494                               - wavefront    - local
5495                                              - generic
5496     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5497                                              - generic
5498                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5499                                                           - Must happen after
5500                                                             any preceding
5501                                                             local/generic
5502                                                             load/store/load
5503                                                             atomic/store
5504                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5505                                                           - Must happen before
5506                                                             the following
5507                                                             store.
5508                                                           - Ensures that all
5509                                                             memory operations
5510                                                             to local have
5511                                                             completed before
5512                                                             performing the
5513                                                             store that is being
5514                                                             released.
5515
5516                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5517     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_store
5518     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5519                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5520
5521                                                           - If OpenCL and
5522                                                             address space is
5523                                                             not generic, omit
5524                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5525                                                           - Could be split into
5526                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5527                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5528                                                             s_waitcnt
5529                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5530                                                             them to be
5531                                                             independently moved
5532                                                             according to the
5533                                                             following rules.
5534                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5535                                                             must happen after
5536                                                             any preceding
5537                                                             global/generic
5538                                                             load/store/load
5539                                                             atomic/store
5540                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5541                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5542                                                             must happen after
5543                                                             any preceding
5544                                                             local/generic
5545                                                             load/store/load
5546                                                             atomic/store
5547                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5548                                                           - Must happen before
5549                                                             the following
5550                                                             store.
5551                                                           - Ensures that all
5552                                                             memory operations
5553                                                             to memory have
5554                                                             completed before
5555                                                             performing the
5556                                                             store that is being
5557                                                             released.
5558
5559                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5560     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5561                               - wavefront    - local
5562                                              - generic
5563     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5564                                              - generic
5565                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5566                                                           - Must happen after
5567                                                             any preceding
5568                                                             local/generic
5569                                                             load/store/load
5570                                                             atomic/store
5571                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5572                                                           - Must happen before
5573                                                             the following
5574                                                             atomicrmw.
5575                                                           - Ensures that all
5576                                                             memory operations
5577                                                             to local have
5578                                                             completed before
5579                                                             performing the
5580                                                             atomicrmw that is
5581                                                             being released.
5582
5583                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5584     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5585     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5586                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5587
5588                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5589                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5590                                                           - Could be split into
5591                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5592                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5593                                                             s_waitcnt
5594                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5595                                                             them to be
5596                                                             independently moved
5597                                                             according to the
5598                                                             following rules.
5599                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5600                                                             must happen after
5601                                                             any preceding
5602                                                             global/generic
5603                                                             load/store/load
5604                                                             atomic/store
5605                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5606                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5607                                                             must happen after
5608                                                             any preceding
5609                                                             local/generic
5610                                                             load/store/load
5611                                                             atomic/store
5612                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5613                                                           - Must happen before
5614                                                             the following
5615                                                             atomicrmw.
5616                                                           - Ensures that all
5617                                                             memory operations
5618                                                             to global and local
5619                                                             have completed
5620                                                             before performing
5621                                                             the atomicrmw that
5622                                                             is being released.
5623
5624                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5625     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5626                               - wavefront
5627     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5628
5629                                                           - If OpenCL and
5630                                                             address space is
5631                                                             not generic, omit.
5632                                                           - However, since LLVM
5633                                                             currently has no
5634                                                             address space on
5635                                                             the fence need to
5636                                                             conservatively
5637                                                             always generate. If
5638                                                             fence had an
5639                                                             address space then
5640                                                             set to address
5641                                                             space of OpenCL
5642                                                             fence flag, or to
5643                                                             generic if both
5644                                                             local and global
5645                                                             flags are
5646                                                             specified.
5647                                                           - Must happen after
5648                                                             any preceding
5649                                                             local/generic
5650                                                             load/load
5651                                                             atomic/store/store
5652                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5653                                                           - Must happen before
5654                                                             any following store
5655                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5656                                                             with an equal or
5657                                                             wider sync scope
5658                                                             and memory ordering
5659                                                             stronger than
5660                                                             unordered (this is
5661                                                             termed the
5662                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5663                                                           - Ensures that all
5664                                                             memory operations
5665                                                             to local have
5666                                                             completed before
5667                                                             performing the
5668                                                             following
5669                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5670
5671     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5672                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5673
5674                                                           - If OpenCL and
5675                                                             address space is
5676                                                             not generic, omit
5677                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5678                                                           - If OpenCL and
5679                                                             address space is
5680                                                             local, omit
5681                                                             vmcnt(0).
5682                                                           - However, since LLVM
5683                                                             currently has no
5684                                                             address space on
5685                                                             the fence need to
5686                                                             conservatively
5687                                                             always generate. If
5688                                                             fence had an
5689                                                             address space then
5690                                                             set to address
5691                                                             space of OpenCL
5692                                                             fence flag, or to
5693                                                             generic if both
5694                                                             local and global
5695                                                             flags are
5696                                                             specified.
5697                                                           - Could be split into
5698                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5699                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5700                                                             s_waitcnt
5701                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5702                                                             them to be
5703                                                             independently moved
5704                                                             according to the
5705                                                             following rules.
5706                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5707                                                             must happen after
5708                                                             any preceding
5709                                                             global/generic
5710                                                             load/store/load
5711                                                             atomic/store
5712                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5713                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5714                                                             must happen after
5715                                                             any preceding
5716                                                             local/generic
5717                                                             load/store/load
5718                                                             atomic/store
5719                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5720                                                           - Must happen before
5721                                                             any following store
5722                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5723                                                             with an equal or
5724                                                             wider sync scope
5725                                                             and memory ordering
5726                                                             stronger than
5727                                                             unordered (this is
5728                                                             termed the
5729                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5730                                                           - Ensures that all
5731                                                             memory operations
5732                                                             have
5733                                                             completed before
5734                                                             performing the
5735                                                             following
5736                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5737
5738     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
5739     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5740     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5741                               - wavefront    - local
5742                                              - generic
5743     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5744
5745                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5746                                                           - Must happen after
5747                                                             any preceding
5748                                                             local/generic
5749                                                             load/store/load
5750                                                             atomic/store
5751                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5752                                                           - Must happen before
5753                                                             the following
5754                                                             atomicrmw.
5755                                                           - Ensures that all
5756                                                             memory operations
5757                                                             to local have
5758                                                             completed before
5759                                                             performing the
5760                                                             atomicrmw that is
5761                                                             being released.
5762
5763                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5764
5765     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5766                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5767
5768                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5769                                                           - Must happen before
5770                                                             any following
5771                                                             global/generic
5772                                                             load/load
5773                                                             atomic/store/store
5774                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5775                                                           - Ensures any
5776                                                             following global
5777                                                             data read is no
5778                                                             older than the local load
5779                                                             atomic value being
5780                                                             acquired.
5781
5782     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5783
5784                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5785                                                           - Must happen after
5786                                                             any preceding
5787                                                             local/generic
5788                                                             load/store/load
5789                                                             atomic/store
5790                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5791                                                           - Must happen before
5792                                                             the following
5793                                                             atomicrmw.
5794                                                           - Ensures that all
5795                                                             memory operations
5796                                                             to local have
5797                                                             completed before
5798                                                             performing the
5799                                                             atomicrmw that is
5800                                                             being released.
5801
5802                                                         2. flat_atomic
5803                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5804
5805                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5806                                                           - Must happen before
5807                                                             any following
5808                                                             global/generic
5809                                                             load/load
5810                                                             atomic/store/store
5811                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5812                                                           - Ensures any
5813                                                             following global
5814                                                             data read is no
5815                                                             older than a local load
5816                                                             atomic value being
5817                                                             acquired.
5818
5819     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5820                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5821
5822                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5823                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5824                                                           - Could be split into
5825                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5826                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5827                                                             s_waitcnt
5828                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5829                                                             them to be
5830                                                             independently moved
5831                                                             according to the
5832                                                             following rules.
5833                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5834                                                             must happen after
5835                                                             any preceding
5836                                                             global/generic
5837                                                             load/store/load
5838                                                             atomic/store
5839                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5840                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5841                                                             must happen after
5842                                                             any preceding
5843                                                             local/generic
5844                                                             load/store/load
5845                                                             atomic/store
5846                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5847                                                           - Must happen before
5848                                                             the following
5849                                                             atomicrmw.
5850                                                           - Ensures that all
5851                                                             memory operations
5852                                                             to global have
5853                                                             completed before
5854                                                             performing the
5855                                                             atomicrmw that is
5856                                                             being released.
5857
5858                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5859                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5860
5861                                                           - Must happen before
5862                                                             following
5863                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5864                                                           - Ensures the
5865                                                             atomicrmw has
5866                                                             completed before
5867                                                             invalidating the
5868                                                             cache.
5869
5870                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5871
5872                                                           - Must happen before
5873                                                             any following
5874                                                             global/generic
5875                                                             load/load
5876                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5877                                                           - Ensures that
5878                                                             following loads
5879                                                             will not see stale
5880                                                             global data.
5881
5882     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5883                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5884
5885                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5886                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5887                                                           - Could be split into
5888                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5889                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5890                                                             s_waitcnt
5891                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5892                                                             them to be
5893                                                             independently moved
5894                                                             according to the
5895                                                             following rules.
5896                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5897                                                             must happen after
5898                                                             any preceding
5899                                                             global/generic
5900                                                             load/store/load
5901                                                             atomic/store
5902                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5903                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5904                                                             must happen after
5905                                                             any preceding
5906                                                             local/generic
5907                                                             load/store/load
5908                                                             atomic/store
5909                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5910                                                           - Must happen before
5911                                                             the following
5912                                                             atomicrmw.
5913                                                           - Ensures that all
5914                                                             memory operations
5915                                                             to global have
5916                                                             completed before
5917                                                             performing the
5918                                                             atomicrmw that is
5919                                                             being released.
5920
5921                                                         2. flat_atomic
5922                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5923                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5924
5925                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5926                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5927                                                           - Must happen before
5928                                                             following
5929                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5930                                                           - Ensures the
5931                                                             atomicrmw has
5932                                                             completed before
5933                                                             invalidating the
5934                                                             cache.
5935
5936                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5937
5938                                                           - Must happen before
5939                                                             any following
5940                                                             global/generic
5941                                                             load/load
5942                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5943                                                           - Ensures that
5944                                                             following loads
5945                                                             will not see stale
5946                                                             global data.
5947
5948     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5949                               - wavefront
5950     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5951
5952                                                           - If OpenCL and
5953                                                             address space is
5954                                                             not generic, omit.
5955                                                           - However,
5956                                                             since LLVM
5957                                                             currently has no
5958                                                             address space on
5959                                                             the fence need to
5960                                                             conservatively
5961                                                             always generate
5962                                                             (see comment for
5963                                                             previous fence).
5964                                                           - Must happen after
5965                                                             any preceding
5966                                                             local/generic
5967                                                             load/load
5968                                                             atomic/store/store
5969                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5970                                                           - Must happen before
5971                                                             any following
5972                                                             global/generic
5973                                                             load/load
5974                                                             atomic/store/store
5975                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5976                                                           - Ensures that all
5977                                                             memory operations
5978                                                             to local have
5979                                                             completed before
5980                                                             performing any
5981                                                             following global
5982                                                             memory operations.
5983                                                           - Ensures that the
5984                                                             preceding
5985                                                             local/generic load
5986                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5987                                                             with an equal or
5988                                                             wider sync scope
5989                                                             and memory ordering
5990                                                             stronger than
5991                                                             unordered (this is
5992                                                             termed the
5993                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
5994                                                             has completed
5995                                                             before following
5996                                                             global memory
5997                                                             operations. This
5998                                                             satisfies the
5999                                                             requirements of
6000                                                             acquire.
6001                                                           - Ensures that all
6002                                                             previous memory
6003                                                             operations have
6004                                                             completed before a
6005                                                             following
6006                                                             local/generic store
6007                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6008                                                             with an equal or
6009                                                             wider sync scope
6010                                                             and memory ordering
6011                                                             stronger than
6012                                                             unordered (this is
6013                                                             termed the
6014                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6015                                                             This satisfies the
6016                                                             requirements of
6017                                                             release.
6018
6019     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6020                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
6021
6022                                                           - If OpenCL and
6023                                                             address space is
6024                                                             not generic, omit
6025                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6026                                                           - However, since LLVM
6027                                                             currently has no
6028                                                             address space on
6029                                                             the fence need to
6030                                                             conservatively
6031                                                             always generate
6032                                                             (see comment for
6033                                                             previous fence).
6034                                                           - Could be split into
6035                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6036                                                             vmcnt(0) and
6037                                                             s_waitcnt
6038                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6039                                                             them to be
6040                                                             independently moved
6041                                                             according to the
6042                                                             following rules.
6043                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6044                                                             must happen after
6045                                                             any preceding
6046                                                             global/generic
6047                                                             load/store/load
6048                                                             atomic/store
6049                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6050                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6051                                                             must happen after
6052                                                             any preceding
6053                                                             local/generic
6054                                                             load/store/load
6055                                                             atomic/store
6056                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6057                                                           - Must happen before
6058                                                             the following
6059                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6060                                                           - Ensures that the
6061                                                             preceding
6062                                                             global/local/generic
6063                                                             load
6064                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6065                                                             with an equal or
6066                                                             wider sync scope
6067                                                             and memory ordering
6068                                                             stronger than
6069                                                             unordered (this is
6070                                                             termed the
6071                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
6072                                                             has completed
6073                                                             before invalidating
6074                                                             the cache. This
6075                                                             satisfies the
6076                                                             requirements of
6077                                                             acquire.
6078                                                           - Ensures that all
6079                                                             previous memory
6080                                                             operations have
6081                                                             completed before a
6082                                                             following
6083                                                             global/local/generic
6084                                                             store
6085                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6086                                                             with an equal or
6087                                                             wider sync scope
6088                                                             and memory ordering
6089                                                             stronger than
6090                                                             unordered (this is
6091                                                             termed the
6092                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6093                                                             This satisfies the
6094                                                             requirements of
6095                                                             release.
6096
6097                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6098
6099                                                           - Must happen before
6100                                                             any following
6101                                                             global/generic
6102                                                             load/load
6103                                                             atomic/store/store
6104                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6105                                                           - Ensures that
6106                                                             following loads
6107                                                             will not see stale
6108                                                             global data. This
6109                                                             satisfies the
6110                                                             requirements of
6111                                                             acquire.
6112
6113     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
6114     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6115     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6116                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
6117                                              - generic  except must generate
6118                                                         all instructions even
6119                                                         for OpenCL.*
6120     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6121                                              - generic
6122
6123                                                           - Must
6124                                                             happen after
6125                                                             preceding
6126                                                             local/generic load
6127                                                             atomic/store
6128                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6129                                                             with memory
6130                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6131                                                             and with equal or
6132                                                             wider sync scope.
6133                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6134                                                             fences have their
6135                                                             own s_waitcnt
6136                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6137                                                             not need to be
6138                                                             considered.)
6139                                                           - Ensures any
6140                                                             preceding
6141                                                             sequential
6142                                                             consistent local
6143                                                             memory instructions
6144                                                             have completed
6145                                                             before executing
6146                                                             this sequentially
6147                                                             consistent
6148                                                             instruction. This
6149                                                             prevents reordering
6150                                                             a seq_cst store
6151                                                             followed by a
6152                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6153                                                             that seq_cst is
6154                                                             stronger than
6155                                                             acquire/release as
6156                                                             the reordering of
6157                                                             load acquire
6158                                                             followed by a store
6159                                                             release is
6160                                                             prevented by the
6161                                                             s_waitcnt of
6162                                                             the release, but
6163                                                             there is nothing
6164                                                             preventing a store
6165                                                             release followed by
6166                                                             load acquire from
6167                                                             completing out of
6168                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6169                                                             could be placed after
6170                                                             seq_store or before
6171                                                             the seq_load. We
6172                                                             choose the load to
6173                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6174                                                             as late as possible
6175                                                             so that the store
6176                                                             may have already
6177                                                             completed.)
6178
6179                                                         2. *Following
6180                                                            instructions same as
6181                                                            corresponding load
6182                                                            atomic acquire,
6183                                                            except must generate
6184                                                            all instructions even
6185                                                            for OpenCL.*
6186     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *Same as corresponding
6187                                                         load atomic acquire,
6188                                                         except must generate
6189                                                         all instructions even
6190                                                         for OpenCL.*
6191
6192     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6193                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
6194
6195                                                           - Could be split into
6196                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6197                                                             vmcnt(0)
6198                                                             and s_waitcnt
6199                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6200                                                             them to be
6201                                                             independently moved
6202                                                             according to the
6203                                                             following rules.
6204                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6205                                                             must happen after
6206                                                             preceding
6207                                                             global/generic load
6208                                                             atomic/store
6209                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6210                                                             with memory
6211                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6212                                                             and with equal or
6213                                                             wider sync scope.
6214                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6215                                                             fences have their
6216                                                             own s_waitcnt
6217                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6218                                                             not need to be
6219                                                             considered.)
6220                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6221                                                             must happen after
6222                                                             preceding
6223                                                             global/generic load
6224                                                             atomic/store
6225                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6226                                                             with memory
6227                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6228                                                             and with equal or
6229                                                             wider sync scope.
6230                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6231                                                             fences have their
6232                                                             own s_waitcnt
6233                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
6234                                                             not need to be
6235                                                             considered.)
6236                                                           - Ensures any
6237                                                             preceding
6238                                                             sequential
6239                                                             consistent global
6240                                                             memory instructions
6241                                                             have completed
6242                                                             before executing
6243                                                             this sequentially
6244                                                             consistent
6245                                                             instruction. This
6246                                                             prevents reordering
6247                                                             a seq_cst store
6248                                                             followed by a
6249                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6250                                                             that seq_cst is
6251                                                             stronger than
6252                                                             acquire/release as
6253                                                             the reordering of
6254                                                             load acquire
6255                                                             followed by a store
6256                                                             release is
6257                                                             prevented by the
6258                                                             s_waitcnt of
6259                                                             the release, but
6260                                                             there is nothing
6261                                                             preventing a store
6262                                                             release followed by
6263                                                             load acquire from
6264                                                             completing out of
6265                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6266                                                             could be placed after
6267                                                             seq_store or before
6268                                                             the seq_load. We
6269                                                             choose the load to
6270                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6271                                                             as late as possible
6272                                                             so that the store
6273                                                             may have already
6274                                                             completed.)
6275
6276                                                         2. *Following
6277                                                            instructions same as
6278                                                            corresponding load
6279                                                            atomic acquire,
6280                                                            except must generate
6281                                                            all instructions even
6282                                                            for OpenCL.*
6283     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6284                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
6285                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6286                               - agent                   all instructions even
6287                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6288     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6289                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
6290                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6291                               - agent                   all instructions even
6292                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6293     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
6294                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
6295                               - workgroup               except must generate
6296                               - agent                   all instructions even
6297                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6298     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6299
6300.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a:
6301
6302Memory Model GFX90A
6303+++++++++++++++++++
6304
6305For GFX90A:
6306
6307* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
6308* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
6309* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
6310* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
6311  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
6312  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
6313* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
6314  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
6315  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
6316* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
6317  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
6318  execution order.
6319* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
6320  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
6321  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
6322  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
6323  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
6324  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
6325  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
6326  operations performed by the same wavefront.
6327* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
6328  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
6329  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
6330  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
6331  global memory.
6332* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
6333  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
6334
6335  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
6336    wavefront.
6337
6338  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
6339    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
6340    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
6341    different CUs and so a ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required as described in
6342    the following item.
6343
6344  * A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between wavefronts
6345    executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on different
6346    CUs.
6347
6348* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
6349  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
6350  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
6351  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6352* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
6353  the same agent.
6354
6355  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
6356    addresses.
6357  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
6358    scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
6359    work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs), or the same
6360    work-group if executing in tgsplit mode, of an agent can be reordered
6361    relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure
6362    synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
6363    ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
6364    subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
6365    requirements of acquire and release.
6366  * The L2 cache of one agent can be kept coherent with other agents by:
6367    using the MTYPE RW (read-write) or MTYPE CC (cache-coherent) with the PTE
6368    C-bit for memory local to the L2; and using the MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
6369    the PTE C-bit set or MTYPE UC (uncached) for memory not local to the L2.
6370
6371    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
6372      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
6373      the cache probe caused by coherent requests. Coherent requests are caused
6374      by GPU accesses to pages with the PTE C-bit set, by CPU accesses over
6375      XGMI, and by PCIe requests that are configured to be coherent requests.
6376    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
6377      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
6378      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter and and the PTE C-bit being set.
6379    * Since all work-groups on the same agent share the same L2, no L2
6380      invalidation or writeback is required for coherence.
6381    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory writes of work-groups in
6382      different agents a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2
6383      cache lines of MTYPE RW (used for local coarse grain memory) and MTYPE NC
6384      ()used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that MTYPE CC (used for local
6385      fine grain memory) causes write through to DRAM, and MTYPE UC (used for
6386      remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so both will never result in
6387      dirty L2 cache lines.
6388    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory reads of work-groups in
6389      different agents a ``buffer_invl2`` is required. It will invalidate L2
6390      cache lines with MTYPE NC (used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that
6391      MTYPE CC (used for local fine grain memory) and MTYPE RW (used for local
6392      coarse memory) cause local reads to be invalidated by remote writes with
6393      with the PTE C-bit so these cache lines are not invalidated. Note that
6394      MTYPE UC (used for remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so will
6395      never result in L2 cache lines that need to be invalidated.
6396
6397  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU memory is kept coherent by using the
6398    MTYPE UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
6399
6400Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
6401change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
6402address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
6403Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
6404ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
6405invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
6406may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
6407:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6408
6409The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
6410case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
6411accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
6412then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
6413return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
6414future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
6415creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
6416``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
6417
6418For kernarg backing memory:
6419
6420* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
6421* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
6422  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
6423  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
6424  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
6425* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
6426  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
6427
6428Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
6429with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
6430only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
6431never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
6432invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
6433
6434The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX90A are defined
6435in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table`.
6436
6437  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX90A
6438     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table
6439
6440     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6441     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
6442                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX90A
6443                                              Space
6444     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6445     **Non-Atomic**
6446     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6447     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6448                                              - generic
6449                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
6450                                              - constant
6451                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6452
6453                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6454                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6455
6456                                                         - volatile
6457
6458                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6459                                                              glc=1
6460                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6461
6462                                                            - Must happen before
6463                                                              any following volatile
6464                                                              global/generic
6465                                                              load/store.
6466                                                            - Ensures that
6467                                                              volatile
6468                                                              operations to
6469                                                              different
6470                                                              addresses will not
6471                                                              be reordered by
6472                                                              hardware.
6473
6474     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
6475     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6476                                              - generic
6477                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
6478                                              - constant
6479                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6480
6481                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6482                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6483
6484                                                         - volatile
6485
6486                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6487                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6488
6489                                                            - Must happen before
6490                                                              any following volatile
6491                                                              global/generic
6492                                                              load/store.
6493                                                            - Ensures that
6494                                                              volatile
6495                                                              operations to
6496                                                              different
6497                                                              addresses will not
6498                                                              be reordered by
6499                                                              hardware.
6500
6501     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
6502     **Unordered Atomic**
6503     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6504     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6505     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6506     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
6507     **Monotonic Atomic**
6508     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6509     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6510                               - wavefront    - generic
6511     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6512                                              - generic     glc=1
6513
6514                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6515                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6516
6517     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6518                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6519                               - workgroup               be used.*
6520
6521                                                         1. ds_load
6522     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6523                                              - generic     glc=1
6524     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6525                                              - generic     glc=1
6526     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6527                               - wavefront    - generic
6528                               - workgroup
6529                               - agent
6530     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6531                                              - generic
6532     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6533                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6534                               - workgroup               be used.*
6535
6536                                                         1. ds_store
6537     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6538                               - wavefront    - generic
6539                               - workgroup
6540                               - agent
6541     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6542                                              - generic
6543     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6544                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6545                               - workgroup               be used.*
6546
6547                                                         1. ds_atomic
6548     **Acquire Atomic**
6549     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6550     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
6551                               - wavefront    - local
6552                                              - generic
6553     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
6554
6555                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6556                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6557
6558                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6559
6560                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6561                                                             mode, omit.
6562                                                           - Must happen before the
6563                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6564
6565                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6566
6567                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6568                                                             mode, omit.
6569                                                           - Must happen before
6570                                                             any following
6571                                                             global/generic
6572                                                             load/load
6573                                                             atomic/store/store
6574                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6575                                                           - Ensures that
6576                                                             following
6577                                                             loads will not see
6578                                                             stale data.
6579
6580     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6581                                                         local address space cannot
6582                                                         be used.*
6583
6584                                                         1. ds_load
6585                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6586
6587                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6588                                                           - Must happen before
6589                                                             any following
6590                                                             global/generic
6591                                                             load/load
6592                                                             atomic/store/store
6593                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6594                                                           - Ensures any
6595                                                             following global
6596                                                             data read is no
6597                                                             older than the local load
6598                                                             atomic value being
6599                                                             acquired.
6600
6601     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6602
6603                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6604                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6605
6606                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6607
6608                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6609                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6610                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6611                                                             execution mode.
6612                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6613                                                           - Must happen before
6614                                                             the following
6615                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and any
6616                                                             following global/generic
6617                                                             load/load
6618                                                             atomic/store/store
6619                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6620                                                           - Ensures any
6621                                                             following global
6622                                                             data read is no
6623                                                             older than a local load
6624                                                             atomic value being
6625                                                             acquired.
6626
6627                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6628
6629                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6630                                                             mode, omit.
6631                                                           - Ensures that
6632                                                             following
6633                                                             loads will not see
6634                                                             stale data.
6635
6636     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
6637                                                            glc=1
6638                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6639
6640                                                           - Must happen before
6641                                                             following
6642                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6643                                                           - Ensures the load
6644                                                             has completed
6645                                                             before invalidating
6646                                                             the cache.
6647
6648                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6649
6650                                                           - Must happen before
6651                                                             any following
6652                                                             global/generic
6653                                                             load/load
6654                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6655                                                           - Ensures that
6656                                                             following
6657                                                             loads will not see
6658                                                             stale global data.
6659
6660     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6661                                                            glc=1
6662                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6663
6664                                                           - Must happen before
6665                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6666                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6667                                                           - Ensures the load
6668                                                             has completed
6669                                                             before invalidating
6670                                                             the cache.
6671
6672                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6673                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6674
6675                                                           - Must happen before
6676                                                             any following
6677                                                             global/generic
6678                                                             load/load
6679                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6680                                                           - Ensures that
6681                                                             following
6682                                                             loads will not see
6683                                                             stale L1 global data,
6684                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6685                                                             NC global data.
6686                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6687                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6688                                                             the memory probes.
6689
6690     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6691                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6692                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6693
6694                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6695                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6696                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6697                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6698                                                           - Must happen before
6699                                                             following
6700                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6701                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6702                                                             has completed
6703                                                             before invalidating
6704                                                             the cache.
6705
6706                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6707
6708                                                           - Must happen before
6709                                                             any following
6710                                                             global/generic
6711                                                             load/load
6712                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6713                                                           - Ensures that
6714                                                             following loads
6715                                                             will not see stale
6716                                                             global data.
6717
6718     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6719                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6720                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6721
6722                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6723                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6724                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6725                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6726                                                           - Must happen before
6727                                                             following
6728                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6729                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6730                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6731                                                             has completed
6732                                                             before invalidating
6733                                                             the caches.
6734
6735                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6736                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6737
6738                                                           - Must happen before
6739                                                             any following
6740                                                             global/generic
6741                                                             load/load
6742                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6743                                                           - Ensures that
6744                                                             following
6745                                                             loads will not see
6746                                                             stale L1 global data,
6747                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6748                                                             NC global data.
6749                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6750                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6751                                                             the memory probes.
6752
6753     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6754                               - wavefront    - generic
6755     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6756                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6757                                                         be used.*
6758
6759                                                         1. ds_atomic
6760     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6761                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6762
6763                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6764                                                             mode, omit.
6765                                                           - Must happen before the
6766                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6767                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
6768                                                             has completed
6769                                                             before invalidating
6770                                                             the cache.
6771
6772                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6773
6774                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6775                                                             mode, omit.
6776                                                           - Must happen before
6777                                                             any following
6778                                                             global/generic
6779                                                             load/load
6780                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6781                                                           - Ensures that
6782                                                             following loads
6783                                                             will not see stale
6784                                                             global data.
6785
6786     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6787                                                         local address space cannot
6788                                                         be used.*
6789
6790                                                         1. ds_atomic
6791                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6792
6793                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6794                                                           - Must happen before
6795                                                             any following
6796                                                             global/generic
6797                                                             load/load
6798                                                             atomic/store/store
6799                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6800                                                           - Ensures any
6801                                                             following global
6802                                                             data read is no
6803                                                             older than the local
6804                                                             atomicrmw value
6805                                                             being acquired.
6806
6807     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
6808                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6809
6810                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6811                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6812                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6813                                                             execution mode.
6814                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6815                                                           - Must happen before
6816                                                             the following
6817                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
6818                                                             any following
6819                                                             global/generic
6820                                                             load/load
6821                                                             atomic/store/store
6822                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6823                                                           - Ensures any
6824                                                             following global
6825                                                             data read is no
6826                                                             older than a local
6827                                                             atomicrmw value
6828                                                             being acquired.
6829
6830                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6831
6832                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6833                                                             mode, omit.
6834                                                           - Ensures that
6835                                                             following
6836                                                             loads will not see
6837                                                             stale data.
6838
6839     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6840                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6841
6842                                                           - Must happen before
6843                                                             following
6844                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6845                                                           - Ensures the
6846                                                             atomicrmw has
6847                                                             completed before
6848                                                             invalidating the
6849                                                             cache.
6850
6851                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6852
6853                                                           - Must happen before
6854                                                             any following
6855                                                             global/generic
6856                                                             load/load
6857                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6858                                                           - Ensures that
6859                                                             following loads
6860                                                             will not see stale
6861                                                             global data.
6862
6863     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6864                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6865
6866                                                           - Must happen before
6867                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6868                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6869                                                           - Ensures the
6870                                                             atomicrmw has
6871                                                             completed before
6872                                                             invalidating the
6873                                                             caches.
6874
6875                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6876                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6877
6878                                                           - Must happen before
6879                                                             any following
6880                                                             global/generic
6881                                                             load/load
6882                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6883                                                           - Ensures that
6884                                                             following
6885                                                             loads will not see
6886                                                             stale L1 global data,
6887                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6888                                                             NC global data.
6889                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6890                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6891                                                             the memory probes.
6892
6893     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
6894                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6895                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6896
6897                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6898                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6899                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6900                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6901                                                           - Must happen before
6902                                                             following
6903                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6904                                                           - Ensures the
6905                                                             atomicrmw has
6906                                                             completed before
6907                                                             invalidating the
6908                                                             cache.
6909
6910                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6911
6912                                                           - Must happen before
6913                                                             any following
6914                                                             global/generic
6915                                                             load/load
6916                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6917                                                           - Ensures that
6918                                                             following loads
6919                                                             will not see stale
6920                                                             global data.
6921
6922     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic
6923                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6924                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6925
6926                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6927                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6928                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6929                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6930                                                           - Must happen before
6931                                                             following
6932                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6933                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6934                                                           - Ensures the
6935                                                             atomicrmw has
6936                                                             completed before
6937                                                             invalidating the
6938                                                             caches.
6939
6940                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6941                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6942
6943                                                           - Must happen before
6944                                                             any following
6945                                                             global/generic
6946                                                             load/load
6947                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6948                                                           - Ensures that
6949                                                             following
6950                                                             loads will not see
6951                                                             stale L1 global data,
6952                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6953                                                             NC global data.
6954                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6955                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6956                                                             the memory probes.
6957
6958     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
6959                               - wavefront
6960     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6961
6962                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6963                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6964                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6965                                                             execution mode.
6966                                                           - If OpenCL and
6967                                                             address space is
6968                                                             not generic, omit
6969                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6970                                                           - If OpenCL and
6971                                                             address space is
6972                                                             local, omit
6973                                                             vmcnt(0).
6974                                                           - However, since LLVM
6975                                                             currently has no
6976                                                             address space on
6977                                                             the fence need to
6978                                                             conservatively
6979                                                             always generate. If
6980                                                             fence had an
6981                                                             address space then
6982                                                             set to address
6983                                                             space of OpenCL
6984                                                             fence flag, or to
6985                                                             generic if both
6986                                                             local and global
6987                                                             flags are
6988                                                             specified.
6989                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6990                                                             must happen after
6991                                                             any preceding
6992                                                             global/generic load
6993                                                             atomic/
6994                                                             atomicrmw
6995                                                             with an equal or
6996                                                             wider sync scope
6997                                                             and memory ordering
6998                                                             stronger than
6999                                                             unordered (this is
7000                                                             termed the
7001                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7002                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7003                                                             must happen after
7004                                                             any preceding
7005                                                             local/generic load
7006                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7007                                                             with an equal or
7008                                                             wider sync scope
7009                                                             and memory ordering
7010                                                             stronger than
7011                                                             unordered (this is
7012                                                             termed the
7013                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7014                                                           - Must happen before
7015                                                             the following
7016                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7017                                                             any following
7018                                                             global/generic
7019                                                             load/load
7020                                                             atomic/store/store
7021                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7022                                                           - Ensures any
7023                                                             following global
7024                                                             data read is no
7025                                                             older than the
7026                                                             value read by the
7027                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7028
7029                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7030
7031                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7032                                                             mode, omit.
7033                                                           - Ensures that
7034                                                             following
7035                                                             loads will not see
7036                                                             stale data.
7037
7038     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7039                                                            vmcnt(0)
7040
7041                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7042                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7043                                                           - If OpenCL and
7044                                                             address space is
7045                                                             not generic, omit
7046                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7047                                                           - However, since LLVM
7048                                                             currently has no
7049                                                             address space on
7050                                                             the fence need to
7051                                                             conservatively
7052                                                             always generate
7053                                                             (see comment for
7054                                                             previous fence).
7055                                                           - Could be split into
7056                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7057                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7058                                                             s_waitcnt
7059                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7060                                                             them to be
7061                                                             independently moved
7062                                                             according to the
7063                                                             following rules.
7064                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7065                                                             must happen after
7066                                                             any preceding
7067                                                             global/generic load
7068                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7069                                                             with an equal or
7070                                                             wider sync scope
7071                                                             and memory ordering
7072                                                             stronger than
7073                                                             unordered (this is
7074                                                             termed the
7075                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7076                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7077                                                             must happen after
7078                                                             any preceding
7079                                                             local/generic load
7080                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7081                                                             with an equal or
7082                                                             wider sync scope
7083                                                             and memory ordering
7084                                                             stronger than
7085                                                             unordered (this is
7086                                                             termed the
7087                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7088                                                           - Must happen before
7089                                                             the following
7090                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7091                                                           - Ensures that the
7092                                                             fence-paired atomic
7093                                                             has completed
7094                                                             before invalidating
7095                                                             the
7096                                                             cache. Therefore
7097                                                             any following
7098                                                             locations read must
7099                                                             be no older than
7100                                                             the value read by
7101                                                             the
7102                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7103
7104                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7105
7106                                                           - Must happen before any
7107                                                             following global/generic
7108                                                             load/load
7109                                                             atomic/store/store
7110                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7111                                                           - Ensures that
7112                                                             following loads
7113                                                             will not see stale
7114                                                             global data.
7115
7116     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7117                                                            vmcnt(0)
7118
7119                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7120                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7121                                                           - If OpenCL and
7122                                                             address space is
7123                                                             not generic, omit
7124                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7125                                                           - However, since LLVM
7126                                                             currently has no
7127                                                             address space on
7128                                                             the fence need to
7129                                                             conservatively
7130                                                             always generate
7131                                                             (see comment for
7132                                                             previous fence).
7133                                                           - Could be split into
7134                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7135                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7136                                                             s_waitcnt
7137                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7138                                                             them to be
7139                                                             independently moved
7140                                                             according to the
7141                                                             following rules.
7142                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7143                                                             must happen after
7144                                                             any preceding
7145                                                             global/generic load
7146                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7147                                                             with an equal or
7148                                                             wider sync scope
7149                                                             and memory ordering
7150                                                             stronger than
7151                                                             unordered (this is
7152                                                             termed the
7153                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7154                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7155                                                             must happen after
7156                                                             any preceding
7157                                                             local/generic load
7158                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7159                                                             with an equal or
7160                                                             wider sync scope
7161                                                             and memory ordering
7162                                                             stronger than
7163                                                             unordered (this is
7164                                                             termed the
7165                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7166                                                           - Must happen before
7167                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
7168                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7169                                                           - Ensures that the
7170                                                             fence-paired atomic
7171                                                             has completed
7172                                                             before invalidating
7173                                                             the
7174                                                             cache. Therefore
7175                                                             any following
7176                                                             locations read must
7177                                                             be no older than
7178                                                             the value read by
7179                                                             the
7180                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7181
7182                                                         2. buffer_invl2;
7183                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7184
7185                                                           - Must happen before any
7186                                                             following global/generic
7187                                                             load/load
7188                                                             atomic/store/store
7189                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7190                                                           - Ensures that
7191                                                             following
7192                                                             loads will not see
7193                                                             stale L1 global data,
7194                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7195                                                             NC global data.
7196                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7197                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7198                                                             the memory probes.
7199     **Release Atomic**
7200     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7201     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
7202                               - wavefront    - generic
7203     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7204                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7205                                                         be used.*
7206
7207                                                         1. ds_store
7208     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7209                                              - generic
7210                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7211                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7212                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7213                                                             execution mode.
7214                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
7215                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7216                                                             must happen after
7217                                                             any preceding
7218                                                             global/generic load/store/
7219                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7220                                                             atomicrmw.
7221                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7222                                                             must happen after
7223                                                             any preceding
7224                                                             local/generic
7225                                                             load/store/load
7226                                                             atomic/store
7227                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7228                                                           - Must happen before
7229                                                             the following
7230                                                             store.
7231                                                           - Ensures that all
7232                                                             memory operations
7233                                                             have
7234                                                             completed before
7235                                                             performing the
7236                                                             store that is being
7237                                                             released.
7238
7239                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7240     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7241                                                         local address space cannot
7242                                                         be used.*
7243
7244                                                         1. ds_store
7245     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7246                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7247
7248                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7249                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7250                                                           - If OpenCL and
7251                                                             address space is
7252                                                             not generic, omit
7253                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7254                                                           - Could be split into
7255                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7256                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7257                                                             s_waitcnt
7258                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7259                                                             them to be
7260                                                             independently moved
7261                                                             according to the
7262                                                             following rules.
7263                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7264                                                             must happen after
7265                                                             any preceding
7266                                                             global/generic
7267                                                             load/store/load
7268                                                             atomic/store
7269                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7270                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7271                                                             must happen after
7272                                                             any preceding
7273                                                             local/generic
7274                                                             load/store/load
7275                                                             atomic/store
7276                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7277                                                           - Must happen before
7278                                                             the following
7279                                                             store.
7280                                                           - Ensures that all
7281                                                             memory operations
7282                                                             to memory have
7283                                                             completed before
7284                                                             performing the
7285                                                             store that is being
7286                                                             released.
7287
7288                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7289     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7290                                              - generic
7291                                                           - Must happen before
7292                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7293                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7294                                                             ensure previous
7295                                                             global/generic
7296                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7297                                                             visible at system scope.
7298
7299                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7300                                                            vmcnt(0)
7301
7302                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7303                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7304                                                           - If OpenCL and
7305                                                             address space is
7306                                                             not generic, omit
7307                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7308                                                           - Could be split into
7309                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7310                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7311                                                             s_waitcnt
7312                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7313                                                             them to be
7314                                                             independently moved
7315                                                             according to the
7316                                                             following rules.
7317                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7318                                                             must happen after any
7319                                                             preceding
7320                                                             global/generic
7321                                                             load/store/load
7322                                                             atomic/store
7323                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7324                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7325                                                             must happen after any
7326                                                             preceding
7327                                                             local/generic
7328                                                             load/store/load
7329                                                             atomic/store
7330                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7331                                                           - Must happen before
7332                                                             the following
7333                                                             store.
7334                                                           - Ensures that all
7335                                                             memory operations
7336                                                             to memory and the L2
7337                                                             writeback have
7338                                                             completed before
7339                                                             performing the
7340                                                             store that is being
7341                                                             released.
7342
7343                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
7344     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7345                               - wavefront    - generic
7346     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7347                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7348                                                         be used.*
7349
7350                                                         1. ds_atomic
7351     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7352                                              - generic
7353                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7354                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7355                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7356                                                             execution mode.
7357                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7358                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7359                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7360                                                             must happen after
7361                                                             any preceding
7362                                                             global/generic load/store/
7363                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7364                                                             atomicrmw.
7365                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7366                                                             must happen after
7367                                                             any preceding
7368                                                             local/generic
7369                                                             load/store/load
7370                                                             atomic/store
7371                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7372                                                           - Must happen before
7373                                                             the following
7374                                                             atomicrmw.
7375                                                           - Ensures that all
7376                                                             memory operations
7377                                                             have
7378                                                             completed before
7379                                                             performing the
7380                                                             atomicrmw that is
7381                                                             being released.
7382
7383                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7384     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7385                                                         local address space cannot
7386                                                         be used.*
7387
7388                                                         1. ds_atomic
7389     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7390                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7391
7392                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7393                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7394                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7395                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7396                                                           - Could be split into
7397                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7398                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7399                                                             s_waitcnt
7400                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7401                                                             them to be
7402                                                             independently moved
7403                                                             according to the
7404                                                             following rules.
7405                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7406                                                             must happen after
7407                                                             any preceding
7408                                                             global/generic
7409                                                             load/store/load
7410                                                             atomic/store
7411                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7412                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7413                                                             must happen after
7414                                                             any preceding
7415                                                             local/generic
7416                                                             load/store/load
7417                                                             atomic/store
7418                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7419                                                           - Must happen before
7420                                                             the following
7421                                                             atomicrmw.
7422                                                           - Ensures that all
7423                                                             memory operations
7424                                                             to global and local
7425                                                             have completed
7426                                                             before performing
7427                                                             the atomicrmw that
7428                                                             is being released.
7429
7430                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7431     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7432                                              - generic
7433                                                           - Must happen before
7434                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7435                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7436                                                             ensure previous
7437                                                             global/generic
7438                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7439                                                             visible at system scope.
7440
7441                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7442                                                            vmcnt(0)
7443
7444                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7445                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7446                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7447                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7448                                                           - Could be split into
7449                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7450                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7451                                                             s_waitcnt
7452                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7453                                                             them to be
7454                                                             independently moved
7455                                                             according to the
7456                                                             following rules.
7457                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7458                                                             must happen after
7459                                                             any preceding
7460                                                             global/generic
7461                                                             load/store/load
7462                                                             atomic/store
7463                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7464                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7465                                                             must happen after
7466                                                             any preceding
7467                                                             local/generic
7468                                                             load/store/load
7469                                                             atomic/store
7470                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7471                                                           - Must happen before
7472                                                             the following
7473                                                             atomicrmw.
7474                                                           - Ensures that all
7475                                                             memory operations
7476                                                             to memory and the L2
7477                                                             writeback have
7478                                                             completed before
7479                                                             performing the
7480                                                             store that is being
7481                                                             released.
7482
7483                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7484     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
7485                               - wavefront
7486     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7487
7488                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7489                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7490                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7491                                                             execution mode.
7492                                                           - If OpenCL and
7493                                                             address space is
7494                                                             not generic, omit
7495                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7496                                                           - If OpenCL and
7497                                                             address space is
7498                                                             local, omit
7499                                                             vmcnt(0).
7500                                                           - However, since LLVM
7501                                                             currently has no
7502                                                             address space on
7503                                                             the fence need to
7504                                                             conservatively
7505                                                             always generate. If
7506                                                             fence had an
7507                                                             address space then
7508                                                             set to address
7509                                                             space of OpenCL
7510                                                             fence flag, or to
7511                                                             generic if both
7512                                                             local and global
7513                                                             flags are
7514                                                             specified.
7515                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7516                                                             must happen after
7517                                                             any preceding
7518                                                             global/generic
7519                                                             load/store/
7520                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7521                                                             atomicrmw.
7522                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7523                                                             must happen after
7524                                                             any preceding
7525                                                             local/generic
7526                                                             load/load
7527                                                             atomic/store/store
7528                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7529                                                           - Must happen before
7530                                                             any following store
7531                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7532                                                             with an equal or
7533                                                             wider sync scope
7534                                                             and memory ordering
7535                                                             stronger than
7536                                                             unordered (this is
7537                                                             termed the
7538                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7539                                                           - Ensures that all
7540                                                             memory operations
7541                                                             have
7542                                                             completed before
7543                                                             performing the
7544                                                             following
7545                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7546
7547     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7548                                                            vmcnt(0)
7549
7550                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7551                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7552                                                           - If OpenCL and
7553                                                             address space is
7554                                                             not generic, omit
7555                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7556                                                           - If OpenCL and
7557                                                             address space is
7558                                                             local, omit
7559                                                             vmcnt(0).
7560                                                           - However, since LLVM
7561                                                             currently has no
7562                                                             address space on
7563                                                             the fence need to
7564                                                             conservatively
7565                                                             always generate. If
7566                                                             fence had an
7567                                                             address space then
7568                                                             set to address
7569                                                             space of OpenCL
7570                                                             fence flag, or to
7571                                                             generic if both
7572                                                             local and global
7573                                                             flags are
7574                                                             specified.
7575                                                           - Could be split into
7576                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7577                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7578                                                             s_waitcnt
7579                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7580                                                             them to be
7581                                                             independently moved
7582                                                             according to the
7583                                                             following rules.
7584                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7585                                                             must happen after
7586                                                             any preceding
7587                                                             global/generic
7588                                                             load/store/load
7589                                                             atomic/store
7590                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7591                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7592                                                             must happen after
7593                                                             any preceding
7594                                                             local/generic
7595                                                             load/store/load
7596                                                             atomic/store
7597                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7598                                                           - Must happen before
7599                                                             any following store
7600                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7601                                                             with an equal or
7602                                                             wider sync scope
7603                                                             and memory ordering
7604                                                             stronger than
7605                                                             unordered (this is
7606                                                             termed the
7607                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7608                                                           - Ensures that all
7609                                                             memory operations
7610                                                             have
7611                                                             completed before
7612                                                             performing the
7613                                                             following
7614                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7615
7616     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
7617
7618                                                           - If OpenCL and
7619                                                             address space is
7620                                                             local, omit.
7621                                                           - Must happen before
7622                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7623                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7624                                                             ensure previous
7625                                                             global/generic
7626                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7627                                                             visible at system scope.
7628
7629                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7630                                                            vmcnt(0)
7631
7632                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7633                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7634                                                           - If OpenCL and
7635                                                             address space is
7636                                                             not generic, omit
7637                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7638                                                           - If OpenCL and
7639                                                             address space is
7640                                                             local, omit
7641                                                             vmcnt(0).
7642                                                           - However, since LLVM
7643                                                             currently has no
7644                                                             address space on
7645                                                             the fence need to
7646                                                             conservatively
7647                                                             always generate. If
7648                                                             fence had an
7649                                                             address space then
7650                                                             set to address
7651                                                             space of OpenCL
7652                                                             fence flag, or to
7653                                                             generic if both
7654                                                             local and global
7655                                                             flags are
7656                                                             specified.
7657                                                           - Could be split into
7658                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7659                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7660                                                             s_waitcnt
7661                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7662                                                             them to be
7663                                                             independently moved
7664                                                             according to the
7665                                                             following rules.
7666                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7667                                                             must happen after
7668                                                             any preceding
7669                                                             global/generic
7670                                                             load/store/load
7671                                                             atomic/store
7672                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7673                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7674                                                             must happen after
7675                                                             any preceding
7676                                                             local/generic
7677                                                             load/store/load
7678                                                             atomic/store
7679                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7680                                                           - Must happen before
7681                                                             any following store
7682                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7683                                                             with an equal or
7684                                                             wider sync scope
7685                                                             and memory ordering
7686                                                             stronger than
7687                                                             unordered (this is
7688                                                             termed the
7689                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7690                                                           - Ensures that all
7691                                                             memory operations
7692                                                             have
7693                                                             completed before
7694                                                             performing the
7695                                                             following
7696                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7697
7698     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
7699     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7700     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7701                               - wavefront    - generic
7702     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7703                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7704                                                         be used.*
7705
7706                                                         1. ds_atomic
7707     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7708
7709                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7710                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7711                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7712                                                             execution mode.
7713                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7714                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7715                                                           - Must happen after
7716                                                             any preceding
7717                                                             local/generic
7718                                                             load/store/load
7719                                                             atomic/store
7720                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7721                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7722                                                             must happen after
7723                                                             any preceding
7724                                                             global/generic load/store/
7725                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7726                                                             atomicrmw.
7727                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7728                                                             must happen after
7729                                                             any preceding
7730                                                             local/generic
7731                                                             load/store/load
7732                                                             atomic/store
7733                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7734                                                           - Must happen before
7735                                                             the following
7736                                                             atomicrmw.
7737                                                           - Ensures that all
7738                                                             memory operations
7739                                                             have
7740                                                             completed before
7741                                                             performing the
7742                                                             atomicrmw that is
7743                                                             being released.
7744
7745                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7746                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7747
7748                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7749                                                             mode, omit.
7750                                                           - Must happen before
7751                                                             the following
7752                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7753                                                           - Ensures any
7754                                                             following global
7755                                                             data read is no
7756                                                             older than the
7757                                                             atomicrmw value
7758                                                             being acquired.
7759
7760                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7761
7762                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7763                                                             mode, omit.
7764                                                           - Ensures that
7765                                                             following
7766                                                             loads will not see
7767                                                             stale data.
7768
7769     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7770                                                         local address space cannot
7771                                                         be used.*
7772
7773                                                         1. ds_atomic
7774                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7775
7776                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
7777                                                           - Must happen before
7778                                                             any following
7779                                                             global/generic
7780                                                             load/load
7781                                                             atomic/store/store
7782                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7783                                                           - Ensures any
7784                                                             following global
7785                                                             data read is no
7786                                                             older than the local load
7787                                                             atomic value being
7788                                                             acquired.
7789
7790     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7791
7792                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7793                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7794                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7795                                                             execution mode.
7796                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7797                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7798                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7799                                                             must happen after
7800                                                             any preceding
7801                                                             global/generic load/store/
7802                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7803                                                             atomicrmw.
7804                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7805                                                             must happen after
7806                                                             any preceding
7807                                                             local/generic
7808                                                             load/store/load
7809                                                             atomic/store
7810                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7811                                                           - Must happen before
7812                                                             the following
7813                                                             atomicrmw.
7814                                                           - Ensures that all
7815                                                             memory operations
7816                                                             have
7817                                                             completed before
7818                                                             performing the
7819                                                             atomicrmw that is
7820                                                             being released.
7821
7822                                                         2. flat_atomic
7823                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7824                                                            vmcnt(0)
7825
7826                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7827                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
7828                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7829                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7830                                                           - Must happen before
7831                                                             the following
7832                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7833                                                             any following
7834                                                             global/generic
7835                                                             load/load
7836                                                             atomic/store/store
7837                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7838                                                           - Ensures any
7839                                                             following global
7840                                                             data read is no
7841                                                             older than a local load
7842                                                             atomic value being
7843                                                             acquired.
7844
7845                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7846
7847                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7848                                                             mode, omit.
7849                                                           - Ensures that
7850                                                             following
7851                                                             loads will not see
7852                                                             stale data.
7853
7854     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7855                                                            vmcnt(0)
7856
7857                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7858                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7859                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7860                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7861                                                           - Could be split into
7862                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7863                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7864                                                             s_waitcnt
7865                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7866                                                             them to be
7867                                                             independently moved
7868                                                             according to the
7869                                                             following rules.
7870                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7871                                                             must happen after
7872                                                             any preceding
7873                                                             global/generic
7874                                                             load/store/load
7875                                                             atomic/store
7876                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7877                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7878                                                             must happen after
7879                                                             any preceding
7880                                                             local/generic
7881                                                             load/store/load
7882                                                             atomic/store
7883                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7884                                                           - Must happen before
7885                                                             the following
7886                                                             atomicrmw.
7887                                                           - Ensures that all
7888                                                             memory operations
7889                                                             to global have
7890                                                             completed before
7891                                                             performing the
7892                                                             atomicrmw that is
7893                                                             being released.
7894
7895                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7896                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7897
7898                                                           - Must happen before
7899                                                             following
7900                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7901                                                           - Ensures the
7902                                                             atomicrmw has
7903                                                             completed before
7904                                                             invalidating the
7905                                                             cache.
7906
7907                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7908
7909                                                           - Must happen before
7910                                                             any following
7911                                                             global/generic
7912                                                             load/load
7913                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7914                                                           - Ensures that
7915                                                             following loads
7916                                                             will not see stale
7917                                                             global data.
7918
7919     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7920
7921                                                           - Must happen before
7922                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7923                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7924                                                             ensure previous
7925                                                             global/generic
7926                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7927                                                             visible at system scope.
7928
7929                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7930                                                            vmcnt(0)
7931
7932                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7933                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7934                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7935                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7936                                                           - Could be split into
7937                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7938                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7939                                                             s_waitcnt
7940                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7941                                                             them to be
7942                                                             independently moved
7943                                                             according to the
7944                                                             following rules.
7945                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7946                                                             must happen after
7947                                                             any preceding
7948                                                             global/generic
7949                                                             load/store/load
7950                                                             atomic/store
7951                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7952                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7953                                                             must happen after
7954                                                             any preceding
7955                                                             local/generic
7956                                                             load/store/load
7957                                                             atomic/store
7958                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7959                                                           - Must happen before
7960                                                             the following
7961                                                             atomicrmw.
7962                                                           - Ensures that all
7963                                                             memory operations
7964                                                             to global and L2 writeback
7965                                                             have completed before
7966                                                             performing the
7967                                                             atomicrmw that is
7968                                                             being released.
7969
7970                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
7971                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7972
7973                                                           - Must happen before
7974                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
7975                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7976                                                           - Ensures the
7977                                                             atomicrmw has
7978                                                             completed before
7979                                                             invalidating the
7980                                                             caches.
7981
7982                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
7983                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7984
7985                                                           - Must happen before
7986                                                             any following
7987                                                             global/generic
7988                                                             load/load
7989                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7990                                                           - Ensures that
7991                                                             following
7992                                                             loads will not see
7993                                                             stale L1 global data,
7994                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7995                                                             NC global data.
7996                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7997                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7998                                                             the memory probes.
7999
8000     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8001                                                            vmcnt(0)
8002
8003                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8004                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8005                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8006                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8007                                                           - Could be split into
8008                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8009                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8010                                                             s_waitcnt
8011                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8012                                                             them to be
8013                                                             independently moved
8014                                                             according to the
8015                                                             following rules.
8016                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8017                                                             must happen after
8018                                                             any preceding
8019                                                             global/generic
8020                                                             load/store/load
8021                                                             atomic/store
8022                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8023                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8024                                                             must happen after
8025                                                             any preceding
8026                                                             local/generic
8027                                                             load/store/load
8028                                                             atomic/store
8029                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8030                                                           - Must happen before
8031                                                             the following
8032                                                             atomicrmw.
8033                                                           - Ensures that all
8034                                                             memory operations
8035                                                             to global have
8036                                                             completed before
8037                                                             performing the
8038                                                             atomicrmw that is
8039                                                             being released.
8040
8041                                                         2. flat_atomic
8042                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8043                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8044
8045                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8046                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8047                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8048                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8049                                                           - Must happen before
8050                                                             following
8051                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8052                                                           - Ensures the
8053                                                             atomicrmw has
8054                                                             completed before
8055                                                             invalidating the
8056                                                             cache.
8057
8058                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8059
8060                                                           - Must happen before
8061                                                             any following
8062                                                             global/generic
8063                                                             load/load
8064                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8065                                                           - Ensures that
8066                                                             following loads
8067                                                             will not see stale
8068                                                             global data.
8069
8070     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2
8071
8072                                                           - Must happen before
8073                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8074                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8075                                                             ensure previous
8076                                                             global/generic
8077                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8078                                                             visible at system scope.
8079
8080                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8081                                                            vmcnt(0)
8082
8083                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8084                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8085                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8086                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8087                                                           - Could be split into
8088                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8089                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8090                                                             s_waitcnt
8091                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8092                                                             them to be
8093                                                             independently moved
8094                                                             according to the
8095                                                             following rules.
8096                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8097                                                             must happen after
8098                                                             any preceding
8099                                                             global/generic
8100                                                             load/store/load
8101                                                             atomic/store
8102                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8103                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8104                                                             must happen after
8105                                                             any preceding
8106                                                             local/generic
8107                                                             load/store/load
8108                                                             atomic/store
8109                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8110                                                           - Must happen before
8111                                                             the following
8112                                                             atomicrmw.
8113                                                           - Ensures that all
8114                                                             memory operations
8115                                                             to global and L2 writeback
8116                                                             have completed before
8117                                                             performing the
8118                                                             atomicrmw that is
8119                                                             being released.
8120
8121                                                         3. flat_atomic
8122                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8123                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8124
8125                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8126                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8127                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8128                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8129                                                           - Must happen before
8130                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
8131                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8132                                                           - Ensures the
8133                                                             atomicrmw has
8134                                                             completed before
8135                                                             invalidating the
8136                                                             caches.
8137
8138                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
8139                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8140
8141                                                           - Must happen before
8142                                                             any following
8143                                                             global/generic
8144                                                             load/load
8145                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8146                                                           - Ensures that
8147                                                             following
8148                                                             loads will not see
8149                                                             stale L1 global data,
8150                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8151                                                             NC global data.
8152                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8153                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8154                                                             the memory probes.
8155
8156     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
8157                               - wavefront
8158     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8159
8160                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8161                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8162                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8163                                                             execution mode.
8164                                                           - If OpenCL and
8165                                                             address space is
8166                                                             not generic, omit
8167                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8168                                                           - If OpenCL and
8169                                                             address space is
8170                                                             local, omit
8171                                                             vmcnt(0).
8172                                                           - However,
8173                                                             since LLVM
8174                                                             currently has no
8175                                                             address space on
8176                                                             the fence need to
8177                                                             conservatively
8178                                                             always generate
8179                                                             (see comment for
8180                                                             previous fence).
8181                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8182                                                             must happen after
8183                                                             any preceding
8184                                                             global/generic
8185                                                             load/store/
8186                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
8187                                                             atomicrmw.
8188                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8189                                                             must happen after
8190                                                             any preceding
8191                                                             local/generic
8192                                                             load/load
8193                                                             atomic/store/store
8194                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8195                                                           - Must happen before
8196                                                             any following
8197                                                             global/generic
8198                                                             load/load
8199                                                             atomic/store/store
8200                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8201                                                           - Ensures that all
8202                                                             memory operations
8203                                                             have
8204                                                             completed before
8205                                                             performing any
8206                                                             following global
8207                                                             memory operations.
8208                                                           - Ensures that the
8209                                                             preceding
8210                                                             local/generic load
8211                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8212                                                             with an equal or
8213                                                             wider sync scope
8214                                                             and memory ordering
8215                                                             stronger than
8216                                                             unordered (this is
8217                                                             termed the
8218                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8219                                                             has completed
8220                                                             before following
8221                                                             global memory
8222                                                             operations. This
8223                                                             satisfies the
8224                                                             requirements of
8225                                                             acquire.
8226                                                           - Ensures that all
8227                                                             previous memory
8228                                                             operations have
8229                                                             completed before a
8230                                                             following
8231                                                             local/generic store
8232                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8233                                                             with an equal or
8234                                                             wider sync scope
8235                                                             and memory ordering
8236                                                             stronger than
8237                                                             unordered (this is
8238                                                             termed the
8239                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8240                                                             This satisfies the
8241                                                             requirements of
8242                                                             release.
8243                                                           - Must happen before
8244                                                             the following
8245                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8246                                                           - Ensures that the
8247                                                             acquire-fence-paired
8248                                                             atomic has completed
8249                                                             before invalidating
8250                                                             the
8251                                                             cache. Therefore
8252                                                             any following
8253                                                             locations read must
8254                                                             be no older than
8255                                                             the value read by
8256                                                             the
8257                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
8258
8259                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8260
8261                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8262                                                             mode, omit.
8263                                                           - Ensures that
8264                                                             following
8265                                                             loads will not see
8266                                                             stale data.
8267
8268     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8269                                                            vmcnt(0)
8270
8271                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8272                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8273                                                           - If OpenCL and
8274                                                             address space is
8275                                                             not generic, omit
8276                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8277                                                           - However, since LLVM
8278                                                             currently has no
8279                                                             address space on
8280                                                             the fence need to
8281                                                             conservatively
8282                                                             always generate
8283                                                             (see comment for
8284                                                             previous fence).
8285                                                           - Could be split into
8286                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8287                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8288                                                             s_waitcnt
8289                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8290                                                             them to be
8291                                                             independently moved
8292                                                             according to the
8293                                                             following rules.
8294                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8295                                                             must happen after
8296                                                             any preceding
8297                                                             global/generic
8298                                                             load/store/load
8299                                                             atomic/store
8300                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8301                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8302                                                             must happen after
8303                                                             any preceding
8304                                                             local/generic
8305                                                             load/store/load
8306                                                             atomic/store
8307                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8308                                                           - Must happen before
8309                                                             the following
8310                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8311                                                           - Ensures that the
8312                                                             preceding
8313                                                             global/local/generic
8314                                                             load
8315                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8316                                                             with an equal or
8317                                                             wider sync scope
8318                                                             and memory ordering
8319                                                             stronger than
8320                                                             unordered (this is
8321                                                             termed the
8322                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8323                                                             has completed
8324                                                             before invalidating
8325                                                             the cache. This
8326                                                             satisfies the
8327                                                             requirements of
8328                                                             acquire.
8329                                                           - Ensures that all
8330                                                             previous memory
8331                                                             operations have
8332                                                             completed before a
8333                                                             following
8334                                                             global/local/generic
8335                                                             store
8336                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8337                                                             with an equal or
8338                                                             wider sync scope
8339                                                             and memory ordering
8340                                                             stronger than
8341                                                             unordered (this is
8342                                                             termed the
8343                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8344                                                             This satisfies the
8345                                                             requirements of
8346                                                             release.
8347
8348                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8349
8350                                                           - Must happen before
8351                                                             any following
8352                                                             global/generic
8353                                                             load/load
8354                                                             atomic/store/store
8355                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8356                                                           - Ensures that
8357                                                             following loads
8358                                                             will not see stale
8359                                                             global data. This
8360                                                             satisfies the
8361                                                             requirements of
8362                                                             acquire.
8363
8364     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
8365
8366                                                           - If OpenCL and
8367                                                             address space is
8368                                                             local, omit.
8369                                                           - Must happen before
8370                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8371                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8372                                                             ensure previous
8373                                                             global/generic
8374                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8375                                                             visible at system scope.
8376
8377                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8378                                                            vmcnt(0)
8379
8380                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8381                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8382                                                           - If OpenCL and
8383                                                             address space is
8384                                                             not generic, omit
8385                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8386                                                           - However, since LLVM
8387                                                             currently has no
8388                                                             address space on
8389                                                             the fence need to
8390                                                             conservatively
8391                                                             always generate
8392                                                             (see comment for
8393                                                             previous fence).
8394                                                           - Could be split into
8395                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8396                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8397                                                             s_waitcnt
8398                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8399                                                             them to be
8400                                                             independently moved
8401                                                             according to the
8402                                                             following rules.
8403                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8404                                                             must happen after
8405                                                             any preceding
8406                                                             global/generic
8407                                                             load/store/load
8408                                                             atomic/store
8409                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8410                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8411                                                             must happen after
8412                                                             any preceding
8413                                                             local/generic
8414                                                             load/store/load
8415                                                             atomic/store
8416                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8417                                                           - Must happen before
8418                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
8419                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8420                                                           - Ensures that the
8421                                                             preceding
8422                                                             global/local/generic
8423                                                             load
8424                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8425                                                             with an equal or
8426                                                             wider sync scope
8427                                                             and memory ordering
8428                                                             stronger than
8429                                                             unordered (this is
8430                                                             termed the
8431                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8432                                                             has completed
8433                                                             before invalidating
8434                                                             the cache. This
8435                                                             satisfies the
8436                                                             requirements of
8437                                                             acquire.
8438                                                           - Ensures that all
8439                                                             previous memory
8440                                                             operations have
8441                                                             completed before a
8442                                                             following
8443                                                             global/local/generic
8444                                                             store
8445                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8446                                                             with an equal or
8447                                                             wider sync scope
8448                                                             and memory ordering
8449                                                             stronger than
8450                                                             unordered (this is
8451                                                             termed the
8452                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8453                                                             This satisfies the
8454                                                             requirements of
8455                                                             release.
8456
8457                                                         3.  buffer_invl2;
8458                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8459
8460                                                           - Must happen before
8461                                                             any following
8462                                                             global/generic
8463                                                             load/load
8464                                                             atomic/store/store
8465                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8466                                                           - Ensures that
8467                                                             following
8468                                                             loads will not see
8469                                                             stale L1 global data,
8470                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8471                                                             NC global data.
8472                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8473                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8474                                                             the memory probes.
8475
8476     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
8477     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8478     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8479                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
8480                                              - generic  except must generate
8481                                                         all instructions even
8482                                                         for OpenCL.*
8483     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8484                                              - generic
8485                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8486                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8487                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8488                                                             execution mode.
8489                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
8490                                                             happen after
8491                                                             preceding
8492                                                             local/generic load
8493                                                             atomic/store
8494                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8495                                                             with memory
8496                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8497                                                             and with equal or
8498                                                             wider sync scope.
8499                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8500                                                             fences have their
8501                                                             own s_waitcnt
8502                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8503                                                             not need to be
8504                                                             considered.)
8505                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8506                                                             must happen after
8507                                                             preceding
8508                                                             global/generic load
8509                                                             atomic/store
8510                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8511                                                             with memory
8512                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8513                                                             and with equal or
8514                                                             wider sync scope.
8515                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8516                                                             fences have their
8517                                                             own s_waitcnt
8518                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8519                                                             not need to be
8520                                                             considered.)
8521                                                           - Ensures any
8522                                                             preceding
8523                                                             sequential
8524                                                             consistent global/local
8525                                                             memory instructions
8526                                                             have completed
8527                                                             before executing
8528                                                             this sequentially
8529                                                             consistent
8530                                                             instruction. This
8531                                                             prevents reordering
8532                                                             a seq_cst store
8533                                                             followed by a
8534                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8535                                                             that seq_cst is
8536                                                             stronger than
8537                                                             acquire/release as
8538                                                             the reordering of
8539                                                             load acquire
8540                                                             followed by a store
8541                                                             release is
8542                                                             prevented by the
8543                                                             s_waitcnt of
8544                                                             the release, but
8545                                                             there is nothing
8546                                                             preventing a store
8547                                                             release followed by
8548                                                             load acquire from
8549                                                             completing out of
8550                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8551                                                             could be placed after
8552                                                             seq_store or before
8553                                                             the seq_load. We
8554                                                             choose the load to
8555                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8556                                                             as late as possible
8557                                                             so that the store
8558                                                             may have already
8559                                                             completed.)
8560
8561                                                         2. *Following
8562                                                            instructions same as
8563                                                            corresponding load
8564                                                            atomic acquire,
8565                                                            except must generate
8566                                                            all instructions even
8567                                                            for OpenCL.*
8568     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8569                                                         local address space cannot
8570                                                         be used.*
8571
8572                                                         *Same as corresponding
8573                                                         load atomic acquire,
8574                                                         except must generate
8575                                                         all instructions even
8576                                                         for OpenCL.*
8577
8578     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8579                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
8580
8581                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8582                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8583                                                           - Could be split into
8584                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8585                                                             vmcnt(0)
8586                                                             and s_waitcnt
8587                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8588                                                             them to be
8589                                                             independently moved
8590                                                             according to the
8591                                                             following rules.
8592                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8593                                                             must happen after
8594                                                             preceding
8595                                                             global/generic load
8596                                                             atomic/store
8597                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8598                                                             with memory
8599                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8600                                                             and with equal or
8601                                                             wider sync scope.
8602                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8603                                                             fences have their
8604                                                             own s_waitcnt
8605                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8606                                                             not need to be
8607                                                             considered.)
8608                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8609                                                             must happen after
8610                                                             preceding
8611                                                             global/generic load
8612                                                             atomic/store
8613                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8614                                                             with memory
8615                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8616                                                             and with equal or
8617                                                             wider sync scope.
8618                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8619                                                             fences have their
8620                                                             own s_waitcnt
8621                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8622                                                             not need to be
8623                                                             considered.)
8624                                                           - Ensures any
8625                                                             preceding
8626                                                             sequential
8627                                                             consistent global
8628                                                             memory instructions
8629                                                             have completed
8630                                                             before executing
8631                                                             this sequentially
8632                                                             consistent
8633                                                             instruction. This
8634                                                             prevents reordering
8635                                                             a seq_cst store
8636                                                             followed by a
8637                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8638                                                             that seq_cst is
8639                                                             stronger than
8640                                                             acquire/release as
8641                                                             the reordering of
8642                                                             load acquire
8643                                                             followed by a store
8644                                                             release is
8645                                                             prevented by the
8646                                                             s_waitcnt of
8647                                                             the release, but
8648                                                             there is nothing
8649                                                             preventing a store
8650                                                             release followed by
8651                                                             load acquire from
8652                                                             completing out of
8653                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8654                                                             could be placed after
8655                                                             seq_store or before
8656                                                             the seq_load. We
8657                                                             choose the load to
8658                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8659                                                             as late as possible
8660                                                             so that the store
8661                                                             may have already
8662                                                             completed.)
8663
8664                                                         2. *Following
8665                                                            instructions same as
8666                                                            corresponding load
8667                                                            atomic acquire,
8668                                                            except must generate
8669                                                            all instructions even
8670                                                            for OpenCL.*
8671     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8672                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
8673                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8674                               - agent                   all instructions even
8675                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8676     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8677                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
8678                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8679                               - agent                   all instructions even
8680                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8681     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
8682                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
8683                               - workgroup               except must generate
8684                               - agent                   all instructions even
8685                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8686     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8687
8688.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940:
8689
8690Memory Model GFX940
8691+++++++++++++++++++
8692
8693For GFX940:
8694
8695* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
8696* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
8697* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
8698* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
8699  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
8700  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
8701* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
8702  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
8703  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
8704* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
8705  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
8706  execution order.
8707* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
8708  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
8709  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
8710  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
8711  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
8712  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
8713  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
8714  operations performed by the same wavefront.
8715* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
8716  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
8717  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
8718  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
8719  global memory.
8720* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
8721  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
8722
8723  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
8724    wavefront.
8725
8726  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
8727    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
8728    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
8729    different CUs and so a ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required which will invalidate
8730    the L1 cache.
8731
8732  * A ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required to invalidate the L1 cache for coherence
8733    between wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be
8734    executing on different CUs.
8735
8736  * Atomic read-modify-write instructions implicitly bypass the L1 cache.
8737    Therefore, they do not use the sc0 bit for coherence and instead use it to
8738    indicate if the instruction returns the original value being updated. They
8739    do use sc1 to indicate system or agent scope coherence.
8740
8741* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
8742  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
8743  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
8744  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8745* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache.
8746
8747  * The gfx940 can be configured as a number of smaller agents with each having
8748    a single L2 shared by all CUs on the same agent, or as fewer (possibly one)
8749    larger agents with groups of CUs on each agent each sharing separate L2
8750    caches.
8751  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
8752    addresses.
8753  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel for its associated L2.
8754    Therefore, the vector and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts
8755    executing with different L1 caches and the same L2 cache can be reordered
8756    relative to each other.
8757  * A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between
8758    vector memory operations of different CUs. It ensures a previous vector
8759    memory operation has completed before executing a subsequent vector memory
8760    or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the requirements of acquire and
8761    release.
8762  * An L2 cache can be kept coherent with other L2 caches by using the MTYPE RW
8763    (read-write) for memory local to the L2, and MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
8764    the PTE C-bit set for memory not local to the L2.
8765
8766    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
8767      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
8768      the cache probe caused by the PTE C-bit.
8769    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
8770      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
8771      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter.
8772    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs with different L1 caches
8773      in the same agent a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It does nothing if the
8774      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will writeback dirty L2 cache
8775      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8776    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs in different agents a
8777      ``buffer_wbl2 sc1`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2 cache lines.
8778    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs with different L1 caches
8779      in the same agent a ``buffer_inv sc1`` is required. It does nothing if the
8780      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will invalidate non-local L2
8781      cache lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8782    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs in different agents a
8783      ``buffer_inv sc0 sc1`` is required. It will invalidate non-local L2 cache
8784      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8785
8786  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU can be kept coherent by using the MTYPE
8787    UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
8788
8789Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
8790change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
8791address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
8792Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
8793ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
8794invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
8795may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
8796:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8797
8798The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
8799case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
8800accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
8801then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
8802return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
8803future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
8804creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
8805``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
8806
8807For kernarg backing memory:
8808
8809* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
8810* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
8811  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
8812  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
8813  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
8814* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
8815  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
8816
8817Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
8818with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
8819only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
8820never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
8821invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
8822
8823The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX940 are defined
8824in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table`.
8825
8826  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX940
8827     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table
8828
8829     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8830     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
8831                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX940
8832                                              Space
8833     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8834     **Non-Atomic**
8835     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8836     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8837                                              - generic
8838                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
8839                                              - constant
8840                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8841
8842                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8843                                                              nt=1
8844
8845                                                         - volatile
8846
8847                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8848                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8849                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8850
8851                                                            - Must happen before
8852                                                              any following volatile
8853                                                              global/generic
8854                                                              load/store.
8855                                                            - Ensures that
8856                                                              volatile
8857                                                              operations to
8858                                                              different
8859                                                              addresses will not
8860                                                              be reordered by
8861                                                              hardware.
8862
8863     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
8864     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8865                                              - generic
8866                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
8867                                              - constant
8868                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8869
8870                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8871                                                              nt=1
8872
8873                                                         - volatile
8874
8875                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8876                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8877                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8878
8879                                                            - Must happen before
8880                                                              any following volatile
8881                                                              global/generic
8882                                                              load/store.
8883                                                            - Ensures that
8884                                                              volatile
8885                                                              operations to
8886                                                              different
8887                                                              addresses will not
8888                                                              be reordered by
8889                                                              hardware.
8890
8891     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
8892     **Unordered Atomic**
8893     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8894     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8895     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8896     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
8897     **Monotonic Atomic**
8898     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8899     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8900                               - wavefront    - generic
8901     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8902                                              - generic     sc0=1
8903     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8904                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8905                               - workgroup               be used.*
8906
8907                                                         1. ds_load
8908     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8909                                              - generic     sc1=1
8910     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8911                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8912     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8913                               - wavefront    - generic
8914     store atomic monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8915                                              - generic     sc0=1
8916     store atomic monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8917                                              - generic     sc1=1
8918     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8919                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8920     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8921                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8922                               - workgroup               be used.*
8923
8924                                                         1. ds_store
8925     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8926                               - wavefront    - generic
8927                               - workgroup
8928                               - agent
8929     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8930                                              - generic     sc1=1
8931     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8932                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8933                               - workgroup               be used.*
8934
8935                                                         1. ds_atomic
8936     **Acquire Atomic**
8937     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8938     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
8939                               - wavefront    - local
8940                                              - generic
8941     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load sc0=1
8942                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8943
8944                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8945                                                             mode, omit.
8946                                                           - Must happen before the
8947                                                             following buffer_inv.
8948
8949                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
8950
8951                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8952                                                             mode, omit.
8953                                                           - Must happen before
8954                                                             any following
8955                                                             global/generic
8956                                                             load/load
8957                                                             atomic/store/store
8958                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8959                                                           - Ensures that
8960                                                             following
8961                                                             loads will not see
8962                                                             stale data.
8963
8964     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8965                                                         local address space cannot
8966                                                         be used.*
8967
8968                                                         1. ds_load
8969                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8970
8971                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
8972                                                           - Must happen before
8973                                                             any following
8974                                                             global/generic
8975                                                             load/load
8976                                                             atomic/store/store
8977                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8978                                                           - Ensures any
8979                                                             following global
8980                                                             data read is no
8981                                                             older than the local load
8982                                                             atomic value being
8983                                                             acquired.
8984
8985     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load  sc0=1
8986                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8987
8988                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8989                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8990                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8991                                                             execution mode.
8992                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
8993                                                           - Must happen before
8994                                                             the following
8995                                                             buffer_inv and any
8996                                                             following global/generic
8997                                                             load/load
8998                                                             atomic/store/store
8999                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9000                                                           - Ensures any
9001                                                             following global
9002                                                             data read is no
9003                                                             older than a local load
9004                                                             atomic value being
9005                                                             acquired.
9006
9007                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9008
9009                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9010                                                             mode, omit.
9011                                                           - Ensures that
9012                                                             following
9013                                                             loads will not see
9014                                                             stale data.
9015
9016     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
9017                                                            sc1=1
9018                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9019
9020                                                           - Must happen before
9021                                                             following
9022                                                             buffer_inv.
9023                                                           - Ensures the load
9024                                                             has completed
9025                                                             before invalidating
9026                                                             the cache.
9027
9028                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9029
9030                                                           - Must happen before
9031                                                             any following
9032                                                             global/generic
9033                                                             load/load
9034                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9035                                                           - Ensures that
9036                                                             following
9037                                                             loads will not see
9038                                                             stale global data.
9039
9040     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
9041                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9042                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9043
9044                                                           - Must happen before
9045                                                             following
9046                                                             buffer_inv.
9047                                                           - Ensures the load
9048                                                             has completed
9049                                                             before invalidating
9050                                                             the cache.
9051
9052                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9053
9054                                                           - Must happen before
9055                                                             any following
9056                                                             global/generic
9057                                                             load/load
9058                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9059                                                           - Ensures that
9060                                                             following
9061                                                             loads will not see
9062                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9063                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9064                                                             never be stale due to the
9065                                                             memory probes.
9066
9067     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load sc1=1
9068                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9069                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9070
9071                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9072                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9073                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9074                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9075                                                           - Must happen before
9076                                                             following
9077                                                             buffer_inv.
9078                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9079                                                             has completed
9080                                                             before invalidating
9081                                                             the cache.
9082
9083                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9084
9085                                                           - Must happen before
9086                                                             any following
9087                                                             global/generic
9088                                                             load/load
9089                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9090                                                           - Ensures that
9091                                                             following loads
9092                                                             will not see stale
9093                                                             global data.
9094
9095     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load sc0=1 sc1=1
9096                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9097                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9098
9099                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9100                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9101                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9102                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9103                                                           - Must happen before
9104                                                             the following
9105                                                             buffer_inv.
9106                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9107                                                             has completed
9108                                                             before invalidating
9109                                                             the caches.
9110
9111                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9112
9113                                                           - Must happen before
9114                                                             any following
9115                                                             global/generic
9116                                                             load/load
9117                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9118                                                           - Ensures that
9119                                                             following
9120                                                             loads will not see
9121                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9122                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9123                                                             never be stale due to the
9124                                                             memory probes.
9125
9126     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9127                               - wavefront    - generic
9128     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9129                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9130                                                         be used.*
9131
9132                                                         1. ds_atomic
9133     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9134                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9135
9136                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9137                                                             mode, omit.
9138                                                           - Must happen before the
9139                                                             following buffer_inv.
9140                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
9141                                                             has completed
9142                                                             before invalidating
9143                                                             the cache.
9144
9145                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9146
9147                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9148                                                             mode, omit.
9149                                                           - Must happen before
9150                                                             any following
9151                                                             global/generic
9152                                                             load/load
9153                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9154                                                           - Ensures that
9155                                                             following loads
9156                                                             will not see stale
9157                                                             global data.
9158
9159     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9160                                                         local address space cannot
9161                                                         be used.*
9162
9163                                                         1. ds_atomic
9164                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9165
9166                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
9167                                                           - Must happen before
9168                                                             any following
9169                                                             global/generic
9170                                                             load/load
9171                                                             atomic/store/store
9172                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9173                                                           - Ensures any
9174                                                             following global
9175                                                             data read is no
9176                                                             older than the local
9177                                                             atomicrmw value
9178                                                             being acquired.
9179
9180     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
9181                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9182
9183                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9184                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9185                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9186                                                             execution mode.
9187                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9188                                                           - Must happen before
9189                                                             the following
9190                                                             buffer_inv and
9191                                                             any following
9192                                                             global/generic
9193                                                             load/load
9194                                                             atomic/store/store
9195                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9196                                                           - Ensures any
9197                                                             following global
9198                                                             data read is no
9199                                                             older than a local
9200                                                             atomicrmw value
9201                                                             being acquired.
9202
9203                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9204
9205                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9206                                                             mode, omit.
9207                                                           - Ensures that
9208                                                             following
9209                                                             loads will not see
9210                                                             stale data.
9211
9212     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9213                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9214
9215                                                           - Must happen before
9216                                                             following
9217                                                             buffer_inv.
9218                                                           - Ensures the
9219                                                             atomicrmw has
9220                                                             completed before
9221                                                             invalidating the
9222                                                             cache.
9223
9224                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9225
9226                                                           - Must happen before
9227                                                             any following
9228                                                             global/generic
9229                                                             load/load
9230                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9231                                                           - Ensures that
9232                                                             following loads
9233                                                             will not see stale
9234                                                             global data.
9235
9236     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9237                                                            sc1=1
9238                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9239
9240                                                           - Must happen before
9241                                                             following
9242                                                             buffer_inv.
9243                                                           - Ensures the
9244                                                             atomicrmw has
9245                                                             completed before
9246                                                             invalidating the
9247                                                             caches.
9248
9249                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9250
9251                                                           - Must happen before
9252                                                             any following
9253                                                             global/generic
9254                                                             load/load
9255                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9256                                                           - Ensures that
9257                                                             following
9258                                                             loads will not see
9259                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9260                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9261                                                             never be stale due to the
9262                                                             memory probes.
9263
9264     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
9265                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9266                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9267
9268                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9269                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9270                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9271                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9272                                                           - Must happen before
9273                                                             following
9274                                                             buffer_inv.
9275                                                           - Ensures the
9276                                                             atomicrmw has
9277                                                             completed before
9278                                                             invalidating the
9279                                                             cache.
9280
9281                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9282
9283                                                           - Must happen before
9284                                                             any following
9285                                                             global/generic
9286                                                             load/load
9287                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9288                                                           - Ensures that
9289                                                             following loads
9290                                                             will not see stale
9291                                                             global data.
9292
9293     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic sc1=1
9294                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9295                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9296
9297                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9298                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9299                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9300                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9301                                                           - Must happen before
9302                                                             following
9303                                                             buffer_inv.
9304                                                           - Ensures the
9305                                                             atomicrmw has
9306                                                             completed before
9307                                                             invalidating the
9308                                                             caches.
9309
9310                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9311
9312                                                           - Must happen before
9313                                                             any following
9314                                                             global/generic
9315                                                             load/load
9316                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9317                                                           - Ensures that
9318                                                             following
9319                                                             loads will not see
9320                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9321                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9322                                                             never be stale due to the
9323                                                             memory probes.
9324
9325     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9326                               - wavefront
9327     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9328
9329                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9330                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9331                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9332                                                             execution mode.
9333                                                           - If OpenCL and
9334                                                             address space is
9335                                                             not generic, omit
9336                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9337                                                           - If OpenCL and
9338                                                             address space is
9339                                                             local, omit
9340                                                             vmcnt(0).
9341                                                           - However, since LLVM
9342                                                             currently has no
9343                                                             address space on
9344                                                             the fence need to
9345                                                             conservatively
9346                                                             always generate. If
9347                                                             fence had an
9348                                                             address space then
9349                                                             set to address
9350                                                             space of OpenCL
9351                                                             fence flag, or to
9352                                                             generic if both
9353                                                             local and global
9354                                                             flags are
9355                                                             specified.
9356                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9357                                                             must happen after
9358                                                             any preceding
9359                                                             global/generic load
9360                                                             atomic/
9361                                                             atomicrmw
9362                                                             with an equal or
9363                                                             wider sync scope
9364                                                             and memory ordering
9365                                                             stronger than
9366                                                             unordered (this is
9367                                                             termed the
9368                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9369                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9370                                                             must happen after
9371                                                             any preceding
9372                                                             local/generic load
9373                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9374                                                             with an equal or
9375                                                             wider sync scope
9376                                                             and memory ordering
9377                                                             stronger than
9378                                                             unordered (this is
9379                                                             termed the
9380                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9381                                                           - Must happen before
9382                                                             the following
9383                                                             buffer_inv and
9384                                                             any following
9385                                                             global/generic
9386                                                             load/load
9387                                                             atomic/store/store
9388                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9389                                                           - Ensures any
9390                                                             following global
9391                                                             data read is no
9392                                                             older than the
9393                                                             value read by the
9394                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9395
9396                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9397
9398                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9399                                                             mode, omit.
9400                                                           - Ensures that
9401                                                             following
9402                                                             loads will not see
9403                                                             stale data.
9404
9405     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9406                                                            vmcnt(0)
9407
9408                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9409                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9410                                                           - If OpenCL and
9411                                                             address space is
9412                                                             not generic, omit
9413                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9414                                                           - However, since LLVM
9415                                                             currently has no
9416                                                             address space on
9417                                                             the fence need to
9418                                                             conservatively
9419                                                             always generate
9420                                                             (see comment for
9421                                                             previous fence).
9422                                                           - Could be split into
9423                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9424                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9425                                                             s_waitcnt
9426                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9427                                                             them to be
9428                                                             independently moved
9429                                                             according to the
9430                                                             following rules.
9431                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9432                                                             must happen after
9433                                                             any preceding
9434                                                             global/generic load
9435                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9436                                                             with an equal or
9437                                                             wider sync scope
9438                                                             and memory ordering
9439                                                             stronger than
9440                                                             unordered (this is
9441                                                             termed the
9442                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9443                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9444                                                             must happen after
9445                                                             any preceding
9446                                                             local/generic load
9447                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9448                                                             with an equal or
9449                                                             wider sync scope
9450                                                             and memory ordering
9451                                                             stronger than
9452                                                             unordered (this is
9453                                                             termed the
9454                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9455                                                           - Must happen before
9456                                                             the following
9457                                                             buffer_inv.
9458                                                           - Ensures that the
9459                                                             fence-paired atomic
9460                                                             has completed
9461                                                             before invalidating
9462                                                             the
9463                                                             cache. Therefore
9464                                                             any following
9465                                                             locations read must
9466                                                             be no older than
9467                                                             the value read by
9468                                                             the
9469                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9470
9471                                                         2. buffer_inv sc1=1
9472
9473                                                           - Must happen before any
9474                                                             following global/generic
9475                                                             load/load
9476                                                             atomic/store/store
9477                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9478                                                           - Ensures that
9479                                                             following loads
9480                                                             will not see stale
9481                                                             global data.
9482
9483     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9484                                                            vmcnt(0)
9485
9486                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9487                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9488                                                           - If OpenCL and
9489                                                             address space is
9490                                                             not generic, omit
9491                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9492                                                           - However, since LLVM
9493                                                             currently has no
9494                                                             address space on
9495                                                             the fence need to
9496                                                             conservatively
9497                                                             always generate
9498                                                             (see comment for
9499                                                             previous fence).
9500                                                           - Could be split into
9501                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9502                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9503                                                             s_waitcnt
9504                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9505                                                             them to be
9506                                                             independently moved
9507                                                             according to the
9508                                                             following rules.
9509                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9510                                                             must happen after
9511                                                             any preceding
9512                                                             global/generic load
9513                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9514                                                             with an equal or
9515                                                             wider sync scope
9516                                                             and memory ordering
9517                                                             stronger than
9518                                                             unordered (this is
9519                                                             termed the
9520                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9521                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9522                                                             must happen after
9523                                                             any preceding
9524                                                             local/generic load
9525                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9526                                                             with an equal or
9527                                                             wider sync scope
9528                                                             and memory ordering
9529                                                             stronger than
9530                                                             unordered (this is
9531                                                             termed the
9532                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9533                                                           - Must happen before
9534                                                             the following
9535                                                             buffer_inv.
9536                                                           - Ensures that the
9537                                                             fence-paired atomic
9538                                                             has completed
9539                                                             before invalidating
9540                                                             the
9541                                                             cache. Therefore
9542                                                             any following
9543                                                             locations read must
9544                                                             be no older than
9545                                                             the value read by
9546                                                             the
9547                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9548
9549                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9550
9551                                                           - Must happen before any
9552                                                             following global/generic
9553                                                             load/load
9554                                                             atomic/store/store
9555                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9556                                                           - Ensures that
9557                                                             following loads
9558                                                             will not see stale
9559                                                             global data.
9560
9561     **Release Atomic**
9562     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9563     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
9564                               - wavefront    - generic
9565     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9566                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9567                                                         be used.*
9568
9569                                                         1. ds_store
9570     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9571                                              - generic
9572                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9573                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9574                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9575                                                             execution mode.
9576                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9577                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9578                                                             must happen after
9579                                                             any preceding
9580                                                             global/generic load/store/
9581                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9582                                                             atomicrmw.
9583                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9584                                                             must happen after
9585                                                             any preceding
9586                                                             local/generic
9587                                                             load/store/load
9588                                                             atomic/store
9589                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9590                                                           - Must happen before
9591                                                             the following
9592                                                             store.
9593                                                           - Ensures that all
9594                                                             memory operations
9595                                                             have
9596                                                             completed before
9597                                                             performing the
9598                                                             store that is being
9599                                                             released.
9600
9601                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store sc0=1
9602     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9603                                                         local address space cannot
9604                                                         be used.*
9605
9606                                                         1. ds_store
9607     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9608                                              - generic
9609                                                           - Must happen before
9610                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9611                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9612                                                             ensure previous
9613                                                             global/generic
9614                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9615                                                             visible at agent scope.
9616
9617                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9618                                                            vmcnt(0)
9619
9620                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9621                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9622                                                           - If OpenCL and
9623                                                             address space is
9624                                                             not generic, omit
9625                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9626                                                           - Could be split into
9627                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9628                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9629                                                             s_waitcnt
9630                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9631                                                             them to be
9632                                                             independently moved
9633                                                             according to the
9634                                                             following rules.
9635                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9636                                                             must happen after
9637                                                             any preceding
9638                                                             global/generic
9639                                                             load/store/load
9640                                                             atomic/store
9641                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9642                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9643                                                             must happen after
9644                                                             any preceding
9645                                                             local/generic
9646                                                             load/store/load
9647                                                             atomic/store
9648                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9649                                                           - Must happen before
9650                                                             the following
9651                                                             store.
9652                                                           - Ensures that all
9653                                                             memory operations
9654                                                             to memory have
9655                                                             completed before
9656                                                             performing the
9657                                                             store that is being
9658                                                             released.
9659
9660                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store sc1=1
9661     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9662                                              - generic
9663                                                           - Must happen before
9664                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9665                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9666                                                             ensure previous
9667                                                             global/generic
9668                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9669                                                             visible at system scope.
9670
9671                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9672                                                            vmcnt(0)
9673
9674                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9675                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9676                                                           - If OpenCL and
9677                                                             address space is
9678                                                             not generic, omit
9679                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9680                                                           - Could be split into
9681                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9682                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9683                                                             s_waitcnt
9684                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9685                                                             them to be
9686                                                             independently moved
9687                                                             according to the
9688                                                             following rules.
9689                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9690                                                             must happen after any
9691                                                             preceding
9692                                                             global/generic
9693                                                             load/store/load
9694                                                             atomic/store
9695                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9696                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9697                                                             must happen after any
9698                                                             preceding
9699                                                             local/generic
9700                                                             load/store/load
9701                                                             atomic/store
9702                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9703                                                           - Must happen before
9704                                                             the following
9705                                                             store.
9706                                                           - Ensures that all
9707                                                             memory operations
9708                                                             to memory and the L2
9709                                                             writeback have
9710                                                             completed before
9711                                                             performing the
9712                                                             store that is being
9713                                                             released.
9714
9715                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
9716                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9717     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9718                               - wavefront    - generic
9719     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9720                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9721                                                         be used.*
9722
9723                                                         1. ds_atomic
9724     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9725                                              - generic
9726                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9727                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9728                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9729                                                             execution mode.
9730                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9731                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9732                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9733                                                             must happen after
9734                                                             any preceding
9735                                                             global/generic load/store/
9736                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9737                                                             atomicrmw.
9738                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9739                                                             must happen after
9740                                                             any preceding
9741                                                             local/generic
9742                                                             load/store/load
9743                                                             atomic/store
9744                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9745                                                           - Must happen before
9746                                                             the following
9747                                                             atomicrmw.
9748                                                           - Ensures that all
9749                                                             memory operations
9750                                                             have
9751                                                             completed before
9752                                                             performing the
9753                                                             atomicrmw that is
9754                                                             being released.
9755
9756                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc0=1
9757     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9758                                                         local address space cannot
9759                                                         be used.*
9760
9761                                                         1. ds_atomic
9762     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9763                                              - generic
9764                                                           - Must happen before
9765                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9766                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9767                                                             ensure previous
9768                                                             global/generic
9769                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9770                                                             visible at agent scope.
9771
9772                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9773                                                            vmcnt(0)
9774
9775                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9776                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9777                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9778                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9779                                                           - Could be split into
9780                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9781                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9782                                                             s_waitcnt
9783                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9784                                                             them to be
9785                                                             independently moved
9786                                                             according to the
9787                                                             following rules.
9788                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9789                                                             must happen after
9790                                                             any preceding
9791                                                             global/generic
9792                                                             load/store/load
9793                                                             atomic/store
9794                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9795                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9796                                                             must happen after
9797                                                             any preceding
9798                                                             local/generic
9799                                                             load/store/load
9800                                                             atomic/store
9801                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9802                                                           - Must happen before
9803                                                             the following
9804                                                             atomicrmw.
9805                                                           - Ensures that all
9806                                                             memory operations
9807                                                             to global and local
9808                                                             have completed
9809                                                             before performing
9810                                                             the atomicrmw that
9811                                                             is being released.
9812
9813                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc1=1
9814     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9815                                              - generic
9816                                                           - Must happen before
9817                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9818                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9819                                                             ensure previous
9820                                                             global/generic
9821                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9822                                                             visible at system scope.
9823
9824                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9825                                                            vmcnt(0)
9826
9827                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9828                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9829                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9830                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9831                                                           - Could be split into
9832                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9833                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9834                                                             s_waitcnt
9835                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9836                                                             them to be
9837                                                             independently moved
9838                                                             according to the
9839                                                             following rules.
9840                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9841                                                             must happen after
9842                                                             any preceding
9843                                                             global/generic
9844                                                             load/store/load
9845                                                             atomic/store
9846                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9847                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9848                                                             must happen after
9849                                                             any preceding
9850                                                             local/generic
9851                                                             load/store/load
9852                                                             atomic/store
9853                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9854                                                           - Must happen before
9855                                                             the following
9856                                                             atomicrmw.
9857                                                           - Ensures that all
9858                                                             memory operations
9859                                                             to memory and the L2
9860                                                             writeback have
9861                                                             completed before
9862                                                             performing the
9863                                                             store that is being
9864                                                             released.
9865
9866                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9867                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9868     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9869                               - wavefront
9870     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9871
9872                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9873                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9874                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9875                                                             execution mode.
9876                                                           - If OpenCL and
9877                                                             address space is
9878                                                             not generic, omit
9879                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9880                                                           - If OpenCL and
9881                                                             address space is
9882                                                             local, omit
9883                                                             vmcnt(0).
9884                                                           - However, since LLVM
9885                                                             currently has no
9886                                                             address space on
9887                                                             the fence need to
9888                                                             conservatively
9889                                                             always generate. If
9890                                                             fence had an
9891                                                             address space then
9892                                                             set to address
9893                                                             space of OpenCL
9894                                                             fence flag, or to
9895                                                             generic if both
9896                                                             local and global
9897                                                             flags are
9898                                                             specified.
9899                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9900                                                             must happen after
9901                                                             any preceding
9902                                                             global/generic
9903                                                             load/store/
9904                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9905                                                             atomicrmw.
9906                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9907                                                             must happen after
9908                                                             any preceding
9909                                                             local/generic
9910                                                             load/load
9911                                                             atomic/store/store
9912                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9913                                                           - Must happen before
9914                                                             any following store
9915                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9916                                                             with an equal or
9917                                                             wider sync scope
9918                                                             and memory ordering
9919                                                             stronger than
9920                                                             unordered (this is
9921                                                             termed the
9922                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9923                                                           - Ensures that all
9924                                                             memory operations
9925                                                             have
9926                                                             completed before
9927                                                             performing the
9928                                                             following
9929                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9930
9931     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9932
9933                                                           - If OpenCL and
9934                                                             address space is
9935                                                             local, omit.
9936                                                           - Must happen before
9937                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9938                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9939                                                             ensure previous
9940                                                             global/generic
9941                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9942                                                             visible at agent scope.
9943
9944                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9945                                                            vmcnt(0)
9946
9947                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9948                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9949                                                           - If OpenCL and
9950                                                             address space is
9951                                                             not generic, omit
9952                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9953                                                           - If OpenCL and
9954                                                             address space is
9955                                                             local, omit
9956                                                             vmcnt(0).
9957                                                           - However, since LLVM
9958                                                             currently has no
9959                                                             address space on
9960                                                             the fence need to
9961                                                             conservatively
9962                                                             always generate. If
9963                                                             fence had an
9964                                                             address space then
9965                                                             set to address
9966                                                             space of OpenCL
9967                                                             fence flag, or to
9968                                                             generic if both
9969                                                             local and global
9970                                                             flags are
9971                                                             specified.
9972                                                           - Could be split into
9973                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9974                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9975                                                             s_waitcnt
9976                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9977                                                             them to be
9978                                                             independently moved
9979                                                             according to the
9980                                                             following rules.
9981                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9982                                                             must happen after
9983                                                             any preceding
9984                                                             global/generic
9985                                                             load/store/load
9986                                                             atomic/store
9987                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9988                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9989                                                             must happen after
9990                                                             any preceding
9991                                                             local/generic
9992                                                             load/store/load
9993                                                             atomic/store
9994                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9995                                                           - Must happen before
9996                                                             any following store
9997                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9998                                                             with an equal or
9999                                                             wider sync scope
10000                                                             and memory ordering
10001                                                             stronger than
10002                                                             unordered (this is
10003                                                             termed the
10004                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
10005                                                           - Ensures that all
10006                                                             memory operations
10007                                                             have
10008                                                             completed before
10009                                                             performing the
10010                                                             following
10011                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
10012
10013     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10014
10015                                                           - Must happen before
10016                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10017                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10018                                                             ensure previous
10019                                                             global/generic
10020                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10021                                                             visible at system scope.
10022
10023                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10024                                                            vmcnt(0)
10025
10026                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10027                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10028                                                           - If OpenCL and
10029                                                             address space is
10030                                                             not generic, omit
10031                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10032                                                           - If OpenCL and
10033                                                             address space is
10034                                                             local, omit
10035                                                             vmcnt(0).
10036                                                           - However, since LLVM
10037                                                             currently has no
10038                                                             address space on
10039                                                             the fence need to
10040                                                             conservatively
10041                                                             always generate. If
10042                                                             fence had an
10043                                                             address space then
10044                                                             set to address
10045                                                             space of OpenCL
10046                                                             fence flag, or to
10047                                                             generic if both
10048                                                             local and global
10049                                                             flags are
10050                                                             specified.
10051                                                           - Could be split into
10052                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10053                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10054                                                             s_waitcnt
10055                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10056                                                             them to be
10057                                                             independently moved
10058                                                             according to the
10059                                                             following rules.
10060                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10061                                                             must happen after
10062                                                             any preceding
10063                                                             global/generic
10064                                                             load/store/load
10065                                                             atomic/store
10066                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10067                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10068                                                             must happen after
10069                                                             any preceding
10070                                                             local/generic
10071                                                             load/store/load
10072                                                             atomic/store
10073                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10074                                                           - Must happen before
10075                                                             any following store
10076                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10077                                                             with an equal or
10078                                                             wider sync scope
10079                                                             and memory ordering
10080                                                             stronger than
10081                                                             unordered (this is
10082                                                             termed the
10083                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
10084                                                           - Ensures that all
10085                                                             memory operations
10086                                                             have
10087                                                             completed before
10088                                                             performing the
10089                                                             following
10090                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
10091
10092     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
10093     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10094     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
10095                               - wavefront    - generic
10096     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10097                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
10098                                                         be used.*
10099
10100                                                         1. ds_atomic
10101     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10102
10103                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10104                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10105                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10106                                                             execution mode.
10107                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10108                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10109                                                           - Must happen after
10110                                                             any preceding
10111                                                             local/generic
10112                                                             load/store/load
10113                                                             atomic/store
10114                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10115                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10116                                                             must happen after
10117                                                             any preceding
10118                                                             global/generic load/store/
10119                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10120                                                             atomicrmw.
10121                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10122                                                             must happen after
10123                                                             any preceding
10124                                                             local/generic
10125                                                             load/store/load
10126                                                             atomic/store
10127                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10128                                                           - Must happen before
10129                                                             the following
10130                                                             atomicrmw.
10131                                                           - Ensures that all
10132                                                             memory operations
10133                                                             have
10134                                                             completed before
10135                                                             performing the
10136                                                             atomicrmw that is
10137                                                             being released.
10138
10139                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
10140                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10141
10142                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10143                                                             mode, omit.
10144                                                           - Must happen before
10145                                                             the following
10146                                                             buffer_inv.
10147                                                           - Ensures any
10148                                                             following global
10149                                                             data read is no
10150                                                             older than the
10151                                                             atomicrmw value
10152                                                             being acquired.
10153
10154                                                         4. buffer_inv sc0=1
10155
10156                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10157                                                             mode, omit.
10158                                                           - Ensures that
10159                                                             following
10160                                                             loads will not see
10161                                                             stale data.
10162
10163     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10164                                                         local address space cannot
10165                                                         be used.*
10166
10167                                                         1. ds_atomic
10168                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10169
10170                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
10171                                                           - Must happen before
10172                                                             any following
10173                                                             global/generic
10174                                                             load/load
10175                                                             atomic/store/store
10176                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10177                                                           - Ensures any
10178                                                             following global
10179                                                             data read is no
10180                                                             older than the local load
10181                                                             atomic value being
10182                                                             acquired.
10183
10184     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10185
10186                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10187                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10188                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10189                                                             execution mode.
10190                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10191                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10192                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10193                                                             must happen after
10194                                                             any preceding
10195                                                             global/generic load/store/
10196                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10197                                                             atomicrmw.
10198                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10199                                                             must happen after
10200                                                             any preceding
10201                                                             local/generic
10202                                                             load/store/load
10203                                                             atomic/store
10204                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10205                                                           - Must happen before
10206                                                             the following
10207                                                             atomicrmw.
10208                                                           - Ensures that all
10209                                                             memory operations
10210                                                             have
10211                                                             completed before
10212                                                             performing the
10213                                                             atomicrmw that is
10214                                                             being released.
10215
10216                                                         2. flat_atomic
10217                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10218                                                            vmcnt(0)
10219
10220                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10221                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
10222                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10223                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10224                                                           - Must happen before
10225                                                             the following
10226                                                             buffer_inv and
10227                                                             any following
10228                                                             global/generic
10229                                                             load/load
10230                                                             atomic/store/store
10231                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10232                                                           - Ensures any
10233                                                             following global
10234                                                             data read is no
10235                                                             older than a local load
10236                                                             atomic value being
10237                                                             acquired.
10238
10239                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10240
10241                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10242                                                             mode, omit.
10243                                                           - Ensures that
10244                                                             following
10245                                                             loads will not see
10246                                                             stale data.
10247
10248     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10249
10250                                                           - Must happen before
10251                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10252                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10253                                                             ensure previous
10254                                                             global/generic
10255                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10256                                                             visible at agent scope.
10257
10258                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10259                                                            vmcnt(0)
10260
10261                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10262                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10263                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10264                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10265                                                           - Could be split into
10266                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10267                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10268                                                             s_waitcnt
10269                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10270                                                             them to be
10271                                                             independently moved
10272                                                             according to the
10273                                                             following rules.
10274                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10275                                                             must happen after
10276                                                             any preceding
10277                                                             global/generic
10278                                                             load/store/load
10279                                                             atomic/store
10280                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10281                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10282                                                             must happen after
10283                                                             any preceding
10284                                                             local/generic
10285                                                             load/store/load
10286                                                             atomic/store
10287                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10288                                                           - Must happen before
10289                                                             the following
10290                                                             atomicrmw.
10291                                                           - Ensures that all
10292                                                             memory operations
10293                                                             to global have
10294                                                             completed before
10295                                                             performing the
10296                                                             atomicrmw that is
10297                                                             being released.
10298
10299                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10300                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10301
10302                                                           - Must happen before
10303                                                             following
10304                                                             buffer_inv.
10305                                                           - Ensures the
10306                                                             atomicrmw has
10307                                                             completed before
10308                                                             invalidating the
10309                                                             cache.
10310
10311                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10312
10313                                                           - Must happen before
10314                                                             any following
10315                                                             global/generic
10316                                                             load/load
10317                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10318                                                           - Ensures that
10319                                                             following loads
10320                                                             will not see stale
10321                                                             global data.
10322
10323     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10324
10325                                                           - Must happen before
10326                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10327                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10328                                                             ensure previous
10329                                                             global/generic
10330                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10331                                                             visible at system scope.
10332
10333                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10334                                                            vmcnt(0)
10335
10336                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10337                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10338                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10339                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10340                                                           - Could be split into
10341                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10342                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10343                                                             s_waitcnt
10344                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10345                                                             them to be
10346                                                             independently moved
10347                                                             according to the
10348                                                             following rules.
10349                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10350                                                             must happen after
10351                                                             any preceding
10352                                                             global/generic
10353                                                             load/store/load
10354                                                             atomic/store
10355                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10356                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10357                                                             must happen after
10358                                                             any preceding
10359                                                             local/generic
10360                                                             load/store/load
10361                                                             atomic/store
10362                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10363                                                           - Must happen before
10364                                                             the following
10365                                                             atomicrmw.
10366                                                           - Ensures that all
10367                                                             memory operations
10368                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10369                                                             have completed before
10370                                                             performing the
10371                                                             atomicrmw that is
10372                                                             being released.
10373
10374                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10375                                                            sc1=1
10376                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10377
10378                                                           - Must happen before
10379                                                             following
10380                                                             buffer_inv.
10381                                                           - Ensures the
10382                                                             atomicrmw has
10383                                                             completed before
10384                                                             invalidating the
10385                                                             caches.
10386
10387                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10388
10389                                                           - Must happen before
10390                                                             any following
10391                                                             global/generic
10392                                                             load/load
10393                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10394                                                           - Ensures that
10395                                                             following loads
10396                                                             will not see stale
10397                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10398                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10399                                                             never be stale due to the
10400                                                             memory probes.
10401
10402     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10403
10404                                                           - Must happen before
10405                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10406                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10407                                                             ensure previous
10408                                                             global/generic
10409                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10410                                                             visible at agent scope.
10411
10412                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10413                                                            vmcnt(0)
10414
10415                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10416                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10417                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10418                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10419                                                           - Could be split into
10420                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10421                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10422                                                             s_waitcnt
10423                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10424                                                             them to be
10425                                                             independently moved
10426                                                             according to the
10427                                                             following rules.
10428                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10429                                                             must happen after
10430                                                             any preceding
10431                                                             global/generic
10432                                                             load/store/load
10433                                                             atomic/store
10434                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10435                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10436                                                             must happen after
10437                                                             any preceding
10438                                                             local/generic
10439                                                             load/store/load
10440                                                             atomic/store
10441                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10442                                                           - Must happen before
10443                                                             the following
10444                                                             atomicrmw.
10445                                                           - Ensures that all
10446                                                             memory operations
10447                                                             to global have
10448                                                             completed before
10449                                                             performing the
10450                                                             atomicrmw that is
10451                                                             being released.
10452
10453                                                         3. flat_atomic
10454                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10455                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10456
10457                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10458                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10459                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10460                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10461                                                           - Must happen before
10462                                                             following
10463                                                             buffer_inv.
10464                                                           - Ensures the
10465                                                             atomicrmw has
10466                                                             completed before
10467                                                             invalidating the
10468                                                             cache.
10469
10470                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10471
10472                                                           - Must happen before
10473                                                             any following
10474                                                             global/generic
10475                                                             load/load
10476                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10477                                                           - Ensures that
10478                                                             following loads
10479                                                             will not see stale
10480                                                             global data.
10481
10482     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10483
10484                                                           - Must happen before
10485                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10486                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10487                                                             ensure previous
10488                                                             global/generic
10489                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10490                                                             visible at system scope.
10491
10492                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10493                                                            vmcnt(0)
10494
10495                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10496                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10497                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10498                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10499                                                           - Could be split into
10500                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10501                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10502                                                             s_waitcnt
10503                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10504                                                             them to be
10505                                                             independently moved
10506                                                             according to the
10507                                                             following rules.
10508                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10509                                                             must happen after
10510                                                             any preceding
10511                                                             global/generic
10512                                                             load/store/load
10513                                                             atomic/store
10514                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10515                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10516                                                             must happen after
10517                                                             any preceding
10518                                                             local/generic
10519                                                             load/store/load
10520                                                             atomic/store
10521                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10522                                                           - Must happen before
10523                                                             the following
10524                                                             atomicrmw.
10525                                                           - Ensures that all
10526                                                             memory operations
10527                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10528                                                             have completed before
10529                                                             performing the
10530                                                             atomicrmw that is
10531                                                             being released.
10532
10533                                                         3. flat_atomic sc1=1
10534                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10535                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10536
10537                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10538                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10539                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10540                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10541                                                           - Must happen before
10542                                                             following
10543                                                             buffer_inv.
10544                                                           - Ensures the
10545                                                             atomicrmw has
10546                                                             completed before
10547                                                             invalidating the
10548                                                             caches.
10549
10550                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10551
10552                                                           - Must happen before
10553                                                             any following
10554                                                             global/generic
10555                                                             load/load
10556                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10557                                                           - Ensures that
10558                                                             following loads
10559                                                             will not see stale
10560                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10561                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10562                                                             never be stale due to the
10563                                                             memory probes.
10564
10565     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
10566                               - wavefront
10567     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10568
10569                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10570                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10571                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10572                                                             execution mode.
10573                                                           - If OpenCL and
10574                                                             address space is
10575                                                             not generic, omit
10576                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10577                                                           - If OpenCL and
10578                                                             address space is
10579                                                             local, omit
10580                                                             vmcnt(0).
10581                                                           - However,
10582                                                             since LLVM
10583                                                             currently has no
10584                                                             address space on
10585                                                             the fence need to
10586                                                             conservatively
10587                                                             always generate
10588                                                             (see comment for
10589                                                             previous fence).
10590                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10591                                                             must happen after
10592                                                             any preceding
10593                                                             global/generic
10594                                                             load/store/
10595                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10596                                                             atomicrmw.
10597                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10598                                                             must happen after
10599                                                             any preceding
10600                                                             local/generic
10601                                                             load/load
10602                                                             atomic/store/store
10603                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10604                                                           - Must happen before
10605                                                             any following
10606                                                             global/generic
10607                                                             load/load
10608                                                             atomic/store/store
10609                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10610                                                           - Ensures that all
10611                                                             memory operations
10612                                                             have
10613                                                             completed before
10614                                                             performing any
10615                                                             following global
10616                                                             memory operations.
10617                                                           - Ensures that the
10618                                                             preceding
10619                                                             local/generic load
10620                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10621                                                             with an equal or
10622                                                             wider sync scope
10623                                                             and memory ordering
10624                                                             stronger than
10625                                                             unordered (this is
10626                                                             termed the
10627                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10628                                                             has completed
10629                                                             before following
10630                                                             global memory
10631                                                             operations. This
10632                                                             satisfies the
10633                                                             requirements of
10634                                                             acquire.
10635                                                           - Ensures that all
10636                                                             previous memory
10637                                                             operations have
10638                                                             completed before a
10639                                                             following
10640                                                             local/generic store
10641                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10642                                                             with an equal or
10643                                                             wider sync scope
10644                                                             and memory ordering
10645                                                             stronger than
10646                                                             unordered (this is
10647                                                             termed the
10648                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10649                                                             This satisfies the
10650                                                             requirements of
10651                                                             release.
10652                                                           - Must happen before
10653                                                             the following
10654                                                             buffer_inv.
10655                                                           - Ensures that the
10656                                                             acquire-fence-paired
10657                                                             atomic has completed
10658                                                             before invalidating
10659                                                             the
10660                                                             cache. Therefore
10661                                                             any following
10662                                                             locations read must
10663                                                             be no older than
10664                                                             the value read by
10665                                                             the
10666                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
10667
10668                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10669
10670                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10671                                                             mode, omit.
10672                                                           - Ensures that
10673                                                             following
10674                                                             loads will not see
10675                                                             stale data.
10676
10677     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10678
10679                                                           - If OpenCL and
10680                                                             address space is
10681                                                             local, omit.
10682                                                           - Must happen before
10683                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10684                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10685                                                             ensure previous
10686                                                             global/generic
10687                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10688                                                             visible at agent scope.
10689
10690                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10691                                                            vmcnt(0)
10692
10693                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10694                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10695                                                           - If OpenCL and
10696                                                             address space is
10697                                                             not generic, omit
10698                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10699                                                           - However, since LLVM
10700                                                             currently has no
10701                                                             address space on
10702                                                             the fence need to
10703                                                             conservatively
10704                                                             always generate
10705                                                             (see comment for
10706                                                             previous fence).
10707                                                           - Could be split into
10708                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10709                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10710                                                             s_waitcnt
10711                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10712                                                             them to be
10713                                                             independently moved
10714                                                             according to the
10715                                                             following rules.
10716                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10717                                                             must happen after
10718                                                             any preceding
10719                                                             global/generic
10720                                                             load/store/load
10721                                                             atomic/store
10722                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10723                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10724                                                             must happen after
10725                                                             any preceding
10726                                                             local/generic
10727                                                             load/store/load
10728                                                             atomic/store
10729                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10730                                                           - Must happen before
10731                                                             the following
10732                                                             buffer_inv.
10733                                                           - Ensures that the
10734                                                             preceding
10735                                                             global/local/generic
10736                                                             load
10737                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10738                                                             with an equal or
10739                                                             wider sync scope
10740                                                             and memory ordering
10741                                                             stronger than
10742                                                             unordered (this is
10743                                                             termed the
10744                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10745                                                             has completed
10746                                                             before invalidating
10747                                                             the cache. This
10748                                                             satisfies the
10749                                                             requirements of
10750                                                             acquire.
10751                                                           - Ensures that all
10752                                                             previous memory
10753                                                             operations have
10754                                                             completed before a
10755                                                             following
10756                                                             global/local/generic
10757                                                             store
10758                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10759                                                             with an equal or
10760                                                             wider sync scope
10761                                                             and memory ordering
10762                                                             stronger than
10763                                                             unordered (this is
10764                                                             termed the
10765                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10766                                                             This satisfies the
10767                                                             requirements of
10768                                                             release.
10769
10770                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
10771
10772                                                           - Must happen before
10773                                                             any following
10774                                                             global/generic
10775                                                             load/load
10776                                                             atomic/store/store
10777                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10778                                                           - Ensures that
10779                                                             following loads
10780                                                             will not see stale
10781                                                             global data. This
10782                                                             satisfies the
10783                                                             requirements of
10784                                                             acquire.
10785
10786     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10787
10788                                                           - If OpenCL and
10789                                                             address space is
10790                                                             local, omit.
10791                                                           - Must happen before
10792                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10793                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10794                                                             ensure previous
10795                                                             global/generic
10796                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10797                                                             visible at system scope.
10798
10799                                                         1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10800                                                            vmcnt(0)
10801
10802                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10803                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10804                                                           - If OpenCL and
10805                                                             address space is
10806                                                             not generic, omit
10807                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10808                                                           - However, since LLVM
10809                                                             currently has no
10810                                                             address space on
10811                                                             the fence need to
10812                                                             conservatively
10813                                                             always generate
10814                                                             (see comment for
10815                                                             previous fence).
10816                                                           - Could be split into
10817                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10818                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10819                                                             s_waitcnt
10820                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10821                                                             them to be
10822                                                             independently moved
10823                                                             according to the
10824                                                             following rules.
10825                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10826                                                             must happen after
10827                                                             any preceding
10828                                                             global/generic
10829                                                             load/store/load
10830                                                             atomic/store
10831                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10832                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10833                                                             must happen after
10834                                                             any preceding
10835                                                             local/generic
10836                                                             load/store/load
10837                                                             atomic/store
10838                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10839                                                           - Must happen before
10840                                                             the following
10841                                                             buffer_inv.
10842                                                           - Ensures that the
10843                                                             preceding
10844                                                             global/local/generic
10845                                                             load
10846                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10847                                                             with an equal or
10848                                                             wider sync scope
10849                                                             and memory ordering
10850                                                             stronger than
10851                                                             unordered (this is
10852                                                             termed the
10853                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10854                                                             has completed
10855                                                             before invalidating
10856                                                             the cache. This
10857                                                             satisfies the
10858                                                             requirements of
10859                                                             acquire.
10860                                                           - Ensures that all
10861                                                             previous memory
10862                                                             operations have
10863                                                             completed before a
10864                                                             following
10865                                                             global/local/generic
10866                                                             store
10867                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10868                                                             with an equal or
10869                                                             wider sync scope
10870                                                             and memory ordering
10871                                                             stronger than
10872                                                             unordered (this is
10873                                                             termed the
10874                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10875                                                             This satisfies the
10876                                                             requirements of
10877                                                             release.
10878
10879                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10880
10881                                                           - Must happen before
10882                                                             any following
10883                                                             global/generic
10884                                                             load/load
10885                                                             atomic/store/store
10886                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10887                                                           - Ensures that
10888                                                             following loads
10889                                                             will not see stale
10890                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10891                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10892                                                             never be stale due to the
10893                                                             memory probes.
10894
10895     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
10896     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10897     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
10898                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
10899                                              - generic  except must generate
10900                                                         all instructions even
10901                                                         for OpenCL.*
10902     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10903                                              - generic
10904                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10905                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10906                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10907                                                             execution mode.
10908                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
10909                                                             happen after
10910                                                             preceding
10911                                                             local/generic load
10912                                                             atomic/store
10913                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10914                                                             with memory
10915                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10916                                                             and with equal or
10917                                                             wider sync scope.
10918                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10919                                                             fences have their
10920                                                             own s_waitcnt
10921                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
10922                                                             not need to be
10923                                                             considered.)
10924                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10925                                                             must happen after
10926                                                             preceding
10927                                                             global/generic load
10928                                                             atomic/store
10929                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10930                                                             with memory
10931                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10932                                                             and with equal or
10933                                                             wider sync scope.
10934                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10935                                                             fences have their
10936                                                             own s_waitcnt
10937                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
10938                                                             not need to be
10939                                                             considered.)
10940                                                           - Ensures any
10941                                                             preceding
10942                                                             sequential
10943                                                             consistent global/local
10944                                                             memory instructions
10945                                                             have completed
10946                                                             before executing
10947                                                             this sequentially
10948                                                             consistent
10949                                                             instruction. This
10950                                                             prevents reordering
10951                                                             a seq_cst store
10952                                                             followed by a
10953                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
10954                                                             that seq_cst is
10955                                                             stronger than
10956                                                             acquire/release as
10957                                                             the reordering of
10958                                                             load acquire
10959                                                             followed by a store
10960                                                             release is
10961                                                             prevented by the
10962                                                             s_waitcnt of
10963                                                             the release, but
10964                                                             there is nothing
10965                                                             preventing a store
10966                                                             release followed by
10967                                                             load acquire from
10968                                                             completing out of
10969                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
10970                                                             could be placed after
10971                                                             seq_store or before
10972                                                             the seq_load. We
10973                                                             choose the load to
10974                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
10975                                                             as late as possible
10976                                                             so that the store
10977                                                             may have already
10978                                                             completed.)
10979
10980                                                         2. *Following
10981                                                            instructions same as
10982                                                            corresponding load
10983                                                            atomic acquire,
10984                                                            except must generate
10985                                                            all instructions even
10986                                                            for OpenCL.*
10987     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10988                                                         local address space cannot
10989                                                         be used.*
10990
10991                                                         *Same as corresponding
10992                                                         load atomic acquire,
10993                                                         except must generate
10994                                                         all instructions even
10995                                                         for OpenCL.*
10996
10997     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10998                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
10999
11000                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
11001                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
11002                                                           - Could be split into
11003                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11004                                                             vmcnt(0)
11005                                                             and s_waitcnt
11006                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11007                                                             them to be
11008                                                             independently moved
11009                                                             according to the
11010                                                             following rules.
11011                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11012                                                             must happen after
11013                                                             preceding
11014                                                             global/generic load
11015                                                             atomic/store
11016                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11017                                                             with memory
11018                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11019                                                             and with equal or
11020                                                             wider sync scope.
11021                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11022                                                             fences have their
11023                                                             own s_waitcnt
11024                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
11025                                                             not need to be
11026                                                             considered.)
11027                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11028                                                             must happen after
11029                                                             preceding
11030                                                             global/generic load
11031                                                             atomic/store
11032                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11033                                                             with memory
11034                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11035                                                             and with equal or
11036                                                             wider sync scope.
11037                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11038                                                             fences have their
11039                                                             own s_waitcnt
11040                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
11041                                                             not need to be
11042                                                             considered.)
11043                                                           - Ensures any
11044                                                             preceding
11045                                                             sequential
11046                                                             consistent global
11047                                                             memory instructions
11048                                                             have completed
11049                                                             before executing
11050                                                             this sequentially
11051                                                             consistent
11052                                                             instruction. This
11053                                                             prevents reordering
11054                                                             a seq_cst store
11055                                                             followed by a
11056                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
11057                                                             that seq_cst is
11058                                                             stronger than
11059                                                             acquire/release as
11060                                                             the reordering of
11061                                                             load acquire
11062                                                             followed by a store
11063                                                             release is
11064                                                             prevented by the
11065                                                             s_waitcnt of
11066                                                             the release, but
11067                                                             there is nothing
11068                                                             preventing a store
11069                                                             release followed by
11070                                                             load acquire from
11071                                                             completing out of
11072                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
11073                                                             could be placed after
11074                                                             seq_store or before
11075                                                             the seq_load. We
11076                                                             choose the load to
11077                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
11078                                                             as late as possible
11079                                                             so that the store
11080                                                             may have already
11081                                                             completed.)
11082
11083                                                         2. *Following
11084                                                            instructions same as
11085                                                            corresponding load
11086                                                            atomic acquire,
11087                                                            except must generate
11088                                                            all instructions even
11089                                                            for OpenCL.*
11090     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11091                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
11092                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11093                               - agent                   all instructions even
11094                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11095     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11096                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
11097                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11098                               - agent                   all instructions even
11099                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11100     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
11101                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
11102                               - workgroup               except must generate
11103                               - agent                   all instructions even
11104                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11105     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11106
11107.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10:
11108
11109Memory Model GFX10
11110++++++++++++++++++
11111
11112For GFX10:
11113
11114* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
11115* Each SA has multiple work-group processors (WGP).
11116* Each WGP has multiple compute units (CU).
11117* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
11118* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same
11119  WGP. In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts may be executed by
11120  different SIMDs in the same CU. In WGP wavefront execution mode the
11121  wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs in the same
11122  WGP.
11123* Each WGP has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
11124  executing on it.
11125* All LDS operations of a WGP are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
11126  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
11127  execution order.
11128* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
11129  WGP. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
11130  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
11131  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
11132  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
11133  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
11134  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
11135  operations performed by the same wavefront.
11136* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations.
11137  Completion of load/store/sample operations are reported to a wavefront in
11138  execution order of other load/store/sample operations performed by that
11139  wavefront.
11140* The vector memory operations access a vector L0 cache. There is a single L0
11141  cache per CU. Each SIMD of a CU accesses the same L0 cache. Therefore, no
11142  special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
11143  wavefront. However, a ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is required for coherence between
11144  wavefronts executing in the same work-group as they may be executing on SIMDs
11145  of different CUs that access different L0s. A ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is also
11146  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11147  as they may be executing on different WGPs.
11148* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L0 cache shared by all wavefronts
11149  on a WGP. The scalar and vector L0 caches are not coherent. However, scalar
11150  operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory model. See
11151  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11152* The vector and scalar memory L0 caches use an L1 cache shared by all WGPs on
11153  the same SA. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between
11154  the wavefronts of a single work-group. However, a ``buffer_gl1_inv`` is
11155  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11156  as they may be executing on different SAs that access different L1s.
11157* The L1 caches have independent quadrants to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11158  addresses.
11159* Each L0 cache has a separate request queue per L1 quadrant. Therefore, the
11160  vector and scalar memory operations performed by different wavefronts, whether
11161  executing in the same or different work-groups (which may be executing on
11162  different CUs accessing different L0s), can be reordered relative to each
11163  other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is required to ensure
11164  synchronization between vector memory operations of different wavefronts. It
11165  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
11166  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
11167  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11168* The L1 caches use an L2 cache shared by all SAs on the same agent.
11169* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11170  addresses.
11171* Each L1 quadrant of a single SA accesses a different L2 channel. Each L1
11172  quadrant has a separate request queue per L2 channel. Therefore, the vector
11173  and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
11174  work-groups (which may be executing on different SAs) of an agent can be
11175  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is
11176  required to ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of
11177  different SAs. It ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed
11178  before executing a subsequent vector memory and so can be used to meet the
11179  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11180* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
11181  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
11182* On GFX10.3 a memory attached last level (MALL) cache exists for GPU memory.
11183  The MALL cache is fully coherent with GPU memory and has no impact on system
11184  coherence. All agents (GPU and CPU) access GPU memory through the MALL cache.
11185
11186Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
11187change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
11188address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
11189Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
11190ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
11191invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
11192may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
11193:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11194
11195The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
11196case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
11197accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
11198then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
11199return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
11200future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
11201creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
11202``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
11203
11204For kernarg backing memory:
11205
11206* CP invalidates the L0 and L1 caches at the start of each kernel dispatch.
11207* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid
11208  needing to invalidate the L2 cache.
11209* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
11210  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
11211
11212Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
11213with MTYPE NC (non-coherent). Since the private address space is only accessed
11214by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is never a need to
11215invalidate these entries from the L0 or L1 caches.
11216
11217Wavefronts are executed in native mode with in-order reporting of loads and
11218sample instructions. In this mode vmcnt reports completion of load, atomic with
11219return and sample instructions in order, and the vscnt reports the completion of
11220store and atomic without return in order. See ``MEM_ORDERED`` field in
11221:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
11222
11223Wavefronts can be executed in WGP or CU wavefront execution mode:
11224
11225* In WGP wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed
11226  on the SIMDs of both CUs of the WGP. Therefore, explicit management of the per
11227  CU L0 caches is required for work-group synchronization. Also accesses to L1
11228  at work-group scope need to be explicitly ordered as the accesses from
11229  different CUs are not ordered.
11230* In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed on
11231  the SIMDs of a single CU of the WGP. Therefore, all global memory access by
11232  the work-group access the same L0 which in turn ensures L1 accesses are
11233  ordered and so do not require explicit management of the caches for
11234  work-group synchronization.
11235
11236See ``WGP_MODE`` field in
11237:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table` and
11238:ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
11239
11240The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX10 are defined in
11241table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table`.
11242
11243  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX10
11244     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table
11245
11246     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11247     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
11248                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX10
11249                                              Space
11250     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11251     **Non-Atomic**
11252     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11253     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11254                                              - generic
11255                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
11256                                              - constant
11257                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11258
11259                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11260                                                              slc=1
11261
11262                                                         - volatile
11263
11264                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11265                                                              glc=1 dlc=1
11266                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11267
11268                                                            - Must happen before
11269                                                              any following volatile
11270                                                              global/generic
11271                                                              load/store.
11272                                                            - Ensures that
11273                                                              volatile
11274                                                              operations to
11275                                                              different
11276                                                              addresses will not
11277                                                              be reordered by
11278                                                              hardware.
11279
11280     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
11281     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11282                                              - generic
11283                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
11284                                              - constant
11285                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11286
11287                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11288                                                              glc=1 slc=1
11289
11290                                                         - volatile
11291
11292                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11293                                                           2. s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11294
11295                                                            - Must happen before
11296                                                              any following volatile
11297                                                              global/generic
11298                                                              load/store.
11299                                                            - Ensures that
11300                                                              volatile
11301                                                              operations to
11302                                                              different
11303                                                              addresses will not
11304                                                              be reordered by
11305                                                              hardware.
11306
11307     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
11308     **Unordered Atomic**
11309     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11310     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11311     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11312     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
11313     **Monotonic Atomic**
11314     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11315     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11316                               - wavefront    - generic
11317     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11318                                              - generic     glc=1
11319
11320                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11321                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11322
11323     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_load
11324                               - wavefront
11325                               - workgroup
11326     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11327                               - system       - generic     glc=1 dlc=1
11328     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
11329                               - wavefront    - generic
11330                               - workgroup
11331                               - agent
11332                               - system
11333     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
11334                               - wavefront
11335                               - workgroup
11336     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
11337                               - wavefront    - generic
11338                               - workgroup
11339                               - agent
11340                               - system
11341     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
11342                               - wavefront
11343                               - workgroup
11344     **Acquire Atomic**
11345     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11346     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
11347                               - wavefront    - local
11348                                              - generic
11349     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
11350
11351                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11352                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11353
11354                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11355
11356                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11357                                                             mode, omit.
11358                                                           - Must happen before
11359                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11360                                                             and before any following
11361                                                             global/generic
11362                                                             load/load
11363                                                             atomic/store/store
11364                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11365
11366                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11367
11368                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11369                                                             mode, omit.
11370                                                           - Ensures that
11371                                                             following
11372                                                             loads will not see
11373                                                             stale data.
11374
11375     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_load
11376                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11377
11378                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11379                                                           - Must happen before
11380                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11381                                                             and before any following
11382                                                             global/generic load/load
11383                                                             atomic/store/store
11384                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11385                                                           - Ensures any
11386                                                             following global
11387                                                             data read is no
11388                                                             older than the local load
11389                                                             atomic value being
11390                                                             acquired.
11391
11392                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11393
11394                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11395                                                             mode, omit.
11396                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11397                                                           - Ensures that
11398                                                             following
11399                                                             loads will not see
11400                                                             stale data.
11401
11402     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
11403
11404                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11405                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11406
11407                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11408                                                            vmcnt(0)
11409
11410                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11411                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
11412                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11413                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11414                                                           - Must happen before
11415                                                             the following
11416                                                             buffer_gl0_inv and any
11417                                                             following global/generic
11418                                                             load/load
11419                                                             atomic/store/store
11420                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11421                                                           - Ensures any
11422                                                             following global
11423                                                             data read is no
11424                                                             older than a local load
11425                                                             atomic value being
11426                                                             acquired.
11427
11428                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11429
11430                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11431                                                             mode, omit.
11432                                                           - Ensures that
11433                                                             following
11434                                                             loads will not see
11435                                                             stale data.
11436
11437     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
11438                               - system                     glc=1 dlc=1
11439                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11440
11441                                                           - Must happen before
11442                                                             following
11443                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11444                                                           - Ensures the load
11445                                                             has completed
11446                                                             before invalidating
11447                                                             the caches.
11448
11449                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11450                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11451
11452                                                           - Must happen before
11453                                                             any following
11454                                                             global/generic
11455                                                             load/load
11456                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11457                                                           - Ensures that
11458                                                             following
11459                                                             loads will not see
11460                                                             stale global data.
11461
11462     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1 dlc=1
11463                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
11464                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11465
11466                                                           - If OpenCL omit
11467                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11468                                                           - Must happen before
11469                                                             following
11470                                                             buffer_gl*_invl.
11471                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
11472                                                             has completed
11473                                                             before invalidating
11474                                                             the caches.
11475
11476                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11477                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11478
11479                                                           - Must happen before
11480                                                             any following
11481                                                             global/generic
11482                                                             load/load
11483                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11484                                                           - Ensures that
11485                                                             following loads
11486                                                             will not see stale
11487                                                             global data.
11488
11489     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11490                               - wavefront    - local
11491                                              - generic
11492     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11493                                                         2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11494
11495                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11496                                                             mode, omit.
11497                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11498                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11499                                                             atomic with no-return.
11500                                                           - Must happen before
11501                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11502                                                             and before any following
11503                                                             global/generic
11504                                                             load/load
11505                                                             atomic/store/store
11506                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11507
11508                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11509
11510                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11511                                                             mode, omit.
11512                                                           - Ensures that
11513                                                             following
11514                                                             loads will not see
11515                                                             stale data.
11516
11517     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
11518                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11519
11520                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11521                                                           - Must happen before
11522                                                             the following
11523                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11524                                                           - Ensures any
11525                                                             following global
11526                                                             data read is no
11527                                                             older than the local
11528                                                             atomicrmw value
11529                                                             being acquired.
11530
11531                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11532
11533                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
11534                                                           - Ensures that
11535                                                             following
11536                                                             loads will not see
11537                                                             stale data.
11538
11539     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
11540                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11541                                                            vm/vscnt(0)
11542
11543                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11544                                                             mode, omit vm/vscnt(0).
11545                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11546                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11547                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11548                                                             atomic with no-return.
11549                                                           - Must happen before
11550                                                             the following
11551                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11552                                                           - Ensures any
11553                                                             following global
11554                                                             data read is no
11555                                                             older than a local
11556                                                             atomicrmw value
11557                                                             being acquired.
11558
11559                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11560
11561                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11562                                                             mode, omit.
11563                                                           - Ensures that
11564                                                             following
11565                                                             loads will not see
11566                                                             stale data.
11567
11568     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11569                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11570
11571                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11572                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11573                                                             atomic with no-return.
11574                                                           - Must happen before
11575                                                             following
11576                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11577                                                           - Ensures the
11578                                                             atomicrmw has
11579                                                             completed before
11580                                                             invalidating the
11581                                                             caches.
11582
11583                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11584                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11585
11586                                                           - Must happen before
11587                                                             any following
11588                                                             global/generic
11589                                                             load/load
11590                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11591                                                           - Ensures that
11592                                                             following loads
11593                                                             will not see stale
11594                                                             global data.
11595
11596     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
11597                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
11598                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11599
11600                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11601                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11602                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11603                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11604                                                             atomic with no-return.
11605                                                           - Must happen before
11606                                                             following
11607                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11608                                                           - Ensures the
11609                                                             atomicrmw has
11610                                                             completed before
11611                                                             invalidating the
11612                                                             caches.
11613
11614                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11615                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11616
11617                                                           - Must happen before
11618                                                             any following
11619                                                             global/generic
11620                                                             load/load
11621                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11622                                                           - Ensures that
11623                                                             following loads
11624                                                             will not see stale
11625                                                             global data.
11626
11627     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
11628                               - wavefront
11629     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11630                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11631
11632                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11633                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11634                                                             vscnt(0).
11635                                                           - If OpenCL and
11636                                                             address space is
11637                                                             not generic, omit
11638                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11639                                                           - If OpenCL and
11640                                                             address space is
11641                                                             local, omit
11642                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11643                                                           - However, since LLVM
11644                                                             currently has no
11645                                                             address space on
11646                                                             the fence need to
11647                                                             conservatively
11648                                                             always generate. If
11649                                                             fence had an
11650                                                             address space then
11651                                                             set to address
11652                                                             space of OpenCL
11653                                                             fence flag, or to
11654                                                             generic if both
11655                                                             local and global
11656                                                             flags are
11657                                                             specified.
11658                                                           - Could be split into
11659                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11660                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11661                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11662                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11663                                                             them to be
11664                                                             independently moved
11665                                                             according to the
11666                                                             following rules.
11667                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11668                                                             must happen after
11669                                                             any preceding
11670                                                             global/generic load
11671                                                             atomic/
11672                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11673                                                             with an equal or
11674                                                             wider sync scope
11675                                                             and memory ordering
11676                                                             stronger than
11677                                                             unordered (this is
11678                                                             termed the
11679                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11680                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11681                                                             must happen after
11682                                                             any preceding
11683                                                             global/generic
11684                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11685                                                             with an equal or
11686                                                             wider sync scope
11687                                                             and memory ordering
11688                                                             stronger than
11689                                                             unordered (this is
11690                                                             termed the
11691                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11692                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11693                                                             must happen after
11694                                                             any preceding
11695                                                             local/generic load
11696                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11697                                                             with an equal or
11698                                                             wider sync scope
11699                                                             and memory ordering
11700                                                             stronger than
11701                                                             unordered (this is
11702                                                             termed the
11703                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11704                                                           - Must happen before
11705                                                             the following
11706                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11707                                                           - Ensures that the
11708                                                             fence-paired atomic
11709                                                             has completed
11710                                                             before invalidating
11711                                                             the
11712                                                             cache. Therefore
11713                                                             any following
11714                                                             locations read must
11715                                                             be no older than
11716                                                             the value read by
11717                                                             the
11718                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11719
11720                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11721
11722                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11723                                                             mode, omit.
11724                                                           - Ensures that
11725                                                             following
11726                                                             loads will not see
11727                                                             stale data.
11728
11729     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11730                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11731
11732                                                           - If OpenCL and
11733                                                             address space is
11734                                                             not generic, omit
11735                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11736                                                           - If OpenCL and
11737                                                             address space is
11738                                                             local, omit
11739                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11740                                                           - However, since LLVM
11741                                                             currently has no
11742                                                             address space on
11743                                                             the fence need to
11744                                                             conservatively
11745                                                             always generate
11746                                                             (see comment for
11747                                                             previous fence).
11748                                                           - Could be split into
11749                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11750                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11751                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11752                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11753                                                             them to be
11754                                                             independently moved
11755                                                             according to the
11756                                                             following rules.
11757                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11758                                                             must happen after
11759                                                             any preceding
11760                                                             global/generic load
11761                                                             atomic/
11762                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11763                                                             with an equal or
11764                                                             wider sync scope
11765                                                             and memory ordering
11766                                                             stronger than
11767                                                             unordered (this is
11768                                                             termed the
11769                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11770                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11771                                                             must happen after
11772                                                             any preceding
11773                                                             global/generic
11774                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11775                                                             with an equal or
11776                                                             wider sync scope
11777                                                             and memory ordering
11778                                                             stronger than
11779                                                             unordered (this is
11780                                                             termed the
11781                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11782                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11783                                                             must happen after
11784                                                             any preceding
11785                                                             local/generic load
11786                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11787                                                             with an equal or
11788                                                             wider sync scope
11789                                                             and memory ordering
11790                                                             stronger than
11791                                                             unordered (this is
11792                                                             termed the
11793                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11794                                                           - Must happen before
11795                                                             the following
11796                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11797                                                           - Ensures that the
11798                                                             fence-paired atomic
11799                                                             has completed
11800                                                             before invalidating
11801                                                             the
11802                                                             caches. Therefore
11803                                                             any following
11804                                                             locations read must
11805                                                             be no older than
11806                                                             the value read by
11807                                                             the
11808                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11809
11810                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
11811                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11812
11813                                                           - Must happen before any
11814                                                             following global/generic
11815                                                             load/load
11816                                                             atomic/store/store
11817                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11818                                                           - Ensures that
11819                                                             following loads
11820                                                             will not see stale
11821                                                             global data.
11822
11823     **Release Atomic**
11824     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11825     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
11826                               - wavefront    - local
11827                                              - generic
11828     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11829                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11830
11831                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11832                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11833                                                             vscnt(0).
11834                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11835                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11836                                                           - Could be split into
11837                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11838                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11839                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11840                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11841                                                             them to be
11842                                                             independently moved
11843                                                             according to the
11844                                                             following rules.
11845                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11846                                                             must happen after
11847                                                             any preceding
11848                                                             global/generic load/load
11849                                                             atomic/
11850                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11851                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11852                                                             must happen after
11853                                                             any preceding
11854                                                             global/generic
11855                                                             store/store
11856                                                             atomic/
11857                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11858                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11859                                                             must happen after
11860                                                             any preceding
11861                                                             local/generic
11862                                                             load/store/load
11863                                                             atomic/store
11864                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11865                                                           - Must happen before
11866                                                             the following
11867                                                             store.
11868                                                           - Ensures that all
11869                                                             memory operations
11870                                                             have
11871                                                             completed before
11872                                                             performing the
11873                                                             store that is being
11874                                                             released.
11875
11876                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11877     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11878
11879                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11880                                                             mode, omit.
11881                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11882                                                           - Could be split into
11883                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11884                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11885                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
11886                                                             them to be
11887                                                             independently moved
11888                                                             according to the
11889                                                             following rules.
11890                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11891                                                             must happen after
11892                                                             any preceding
11893                                                             global/generic load/load
11894                                                             atomic/
11895                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11896                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11897                                                             must happen after
11898                                                             any preceding
11899                                                             global/generic
11900                                                             store/store atomic/
11901                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11902                                                           - Must happen before
11903                                                             the following
11904                                                             store.
11905                                                           - Ensures that all
11906                                                             global memory
11907                                                             operations have
11908                                                             completed before
11909                                                             performing the
11910                                                             store that is being
11911                                                             released.
11912
11913                                                         2. ds_store
11914     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11915                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11916
11917                                                           - If OpenCL and
11918                                                             address space is
11919                                                             not generic, omit
11920                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11921                                                           - Could be split into
11922                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11923                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11924                                                             and s_waitcnt
11925                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11926                                                             them to be
11927                                                             independently moved
11928                                                             according to the
11929                                                             following rules.
11930                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11931                                                             must happen after
11932                                                             any preceding
11933                                                             global/generic
11934                                                             load/load
11935                                                             atomic/
11936                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11937                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11938                                                             must happen after
11939                                                             any preceding
11940                                                             global/generic
11941                                                             store/store atomic/
11942                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11943                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11944                                                             must happen after
11945                                                             any preceding
11946                                                             local/generic
11947                                                             load/store/load
11948                                                             atomic/store
11949                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11950                                                           - Must happen before
11951                                                             the following
11952                                                             store.
11953                                                           - Ensures that all
11954                                                             memory operations
11955                                                             have
11956                                                             completed before
11957                                                             performing the
11958                                                             store that is being
11959                                                             released.
11960
11961                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11962     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11963                               - wavefront    - local
11964                                              - generic
11965     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11966                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11967
11968                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11969                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11970                                                             vscnt(0).
11971                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11972                                                           - Could be split into
11973                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11974                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11975                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11976                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11977                                                             them to be
11978                                                             independently moved
11979                                                             according to the
11980                                                             following rules.
11981                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11982                                                             must happen after
11983                                                             any preceding
11984                                                             global/generic load/load
11985                                                             atomic/
11986                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11987                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11988                                                             must happen after
11989                                                             any preceding
11990                                                             global/generic
11991                                                             store/store
11992                                                             atomic/
11993                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11994                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11995                                                             must happen after
11996                                                             any preceding
11997                                                             local/generic
11998                                                             load/store/load
11999                                                             atomic/store
12000                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12001                                                           - Must happen before
12002                                                             the following
12003                                                             atomicrmw.
12004                                                           - Ensures that all
12005                                                             memory operations
12006                                                             have
12007                                                             completed before
12008                                                             performing the
12009                                                             atomicrmw that is
12010                                                             being released.
12011
12012                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
12013     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12014
12015                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12016                                                             mode, omit.
12017                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12018                                                           - Could be split into
12019                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12020                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12021                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12022                                                             them to be
12023                                                             independently moved
12024                                                             according to the
12025                                                             following rules.
12026                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12027                                                             must happen after
12028                                                             any preceding
12029                                                             global/generic load/load
12030                                                             atomic/
12031                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12032                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12033                                                             must happen after
12034                                                             any preceding
12035                                                             global/generic
12036                                                             store/store atomic/
12037                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12038                                                           - Must happen before
12039                                                             the following
12040                                                             store.
12041                                                           - Ensures that all
12042                                                             global memory
12043                                                             operations have
12044                                                             completed before
12045                                                             performing the
12046                                                             store that is being
12047                                                             released.
12048
12049                                                         2. ds_atomic
12050     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12051                               - system       - generic      vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12052
12053                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12054                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12055                                                           - Could be split into
12056                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12057                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12058                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12059                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12060                                                             them to be
12061                                                             independently moved
12062                                                             according to the
12063                                                             following rules.
12064                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12065                                                             must happen after
12066                                                             any preceding
12067                                                             global/generic
12068                                                             load/load atomic/
12069                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12070                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12071                                                             must happen after
12072                                                             any preceding
12073                                                             global/generic
12074                                                             store/store atomic/
12075                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12076                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12077                                                             must happen after
12078                                                             any preceding
12079                                                             local/generic
12080                                                             load/store/load
12081                                                             atomic/store
12082                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12083                                                           - Must happen before
12084                                                             the following
12085                                                             atomicrmw.
12086                                                           - Ensures that all
12087                                                             memory operations
12088                                                             to global and local
12089                                                             have completed
12090                                                             before performing
12091                                                             the atomicrmw that
12092                                                             is being released.
12093
12094                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
12095     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12096                               - wavefront
12097     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12098                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12099
12100                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12101                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12102                                                             vscnt(0).
12103                                                           - If OpenCL and
12104                                                             address space is
12105                                                             not generic, omit
12106                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12107                                                           - If OpenCL and
12108                                                             address space is
12109                                                             local, omit
12110                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12111                                                           - However, since LLVM
12112                                                             currently has no
12113                                                             address space on
12114                                                             the fence need to
12115                                                             conservatively
12116                                                             always generate. If
12117                                                             fence had an
12118                                                             address space then
12119                                                             set to address
12120                                                             space of OpenCL
12121                                                             fence flag, or to
12122                                                             generic if both
12123                                                             local and global
12124                                                             flags are
12125                                                             specified.
12126                                                           - Could be split into
12127                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12128                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12129                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12130                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12131                                                             them to be
12132                                                             independently moved
12133                                                             according to the
12134                                                             following rules.
12135                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12136                                                             must happen after
12137                                                             any preceding
12138                                                             global/generic
12139                                                             load/load
12140                                                             atomic/
12141                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12142                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12143                                                             must happen after
12144                                                             any preceding
12145                                                             global/generic
12146                                                             store/store atomic/
12147                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12148                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12149                                                             must happen after
12150                                                             any preceding
12151                                                             local/generic
12152                                                             load/store/load
12153                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12154                                                             atomicrmw.
12155                                                           - Must happen before
12156                                                             any following store
12157                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12158                                                             with an equal or
12159                                                             wider sync scope
12160                                                             and memory ordering
12161                                                             stronger than
12162                                                             unordered (this is
12163                                                             termed the
12164                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12165                                                           - Ensures that all
12166                                                             memory operations
12167                                                             have
12168                                                             completed before
12169                                                             performing the
12170                                                             following
12171                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12172
12173     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12174                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12175
12176                                                           - If OpenCL and
12177                                                             address space is
12178                                                             not generic, omit
12179                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12180                                                           - If OpenCL and
12181                                                             address space is
12182                                                             local, omit
12183                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12184                                                           - However, since LLVM
12185                                                             currently has no
12186                                                             address space on
12187                                                             the fence need to
12188                                                             conservatively
12189                                                             always generate. If
12190                                                             fence had an
12191                                                             address space then
12192                                                             set to address
12193                                                             space of OpenCL
12194                                                             fence flag, or to
12195                                                             generic if both
12196                                                             local and global
12197                                                             flags are
12198                                                             specified.
12199                                                           - Could be split into
12200                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12201                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12202                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12203                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12204                                                             them to be
12205                                                             independently moved
12206                                                             according to the
12207                                                             following rules.
12208                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12209                                                             must happen after
12210                                                             any preceding
12211                                                             global/generic
12212                                                             load/load atomic/
12213                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12214                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12215                                                             must happen after
12216                                                             any preceding
12217                                                             global/generic
12218                                                             store/store atomic/
12219                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12220                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12221                                                             must happen after
12222                                                             any preceding
12223                                                             local/generic
12224                                                             load/store/load
12225                                                             atomic/store
12226                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12227                                                           - Must happen before
12228                                                             any following store
12229                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12230                                                             with an equal or
12231                                                             wider sync scope
12232                                                             and memory ordering
12233                                                             stronger than
12234                                                             unordered (this is
12235                                                             termed the
12236                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12237                                                           - Ensures that all
12238                                                             memory operations
12239                                                             have
12240                                                             completed before
12241                                                             performing the
12242                                                             following
12243                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12244
12245     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
12246     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12247     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
12248                               - wavefront    - local
12249                                              - generic
12250     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12251                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12252
12253                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12254                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12255                                                             vscnt(0).
12256                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12257                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12258                                                           - Must happen after
12259                                                             any preceding
12260                                                             local/generic
12261                                                             load/store/load
12262                                                             atomic/store
12263                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12264                                                           - Could be split into
12265                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12266                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12267                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12268                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12269                                                             them to be
12270                                                             independently moved
12271                                                             according to the
12272                                                             following rules.
12273                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12274                                                             must happen after
12275                                                             any preceding
12276                                                             global/generic load/load
12277                                                             atomic/
12278                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12279                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12280                                                             must happen after
12281                                                             any preceding
12282                                                             global/generic
12283                                                             store/store
12284                                                             atomic/
12285                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12286                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12287                                                             must happen after
12288                                                             any preceding
12289                                                             local/generic
12290                                                             load/store/load
12291                                                             atomic/store
12292                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12293                                                           - Must happen before
12294                                                             the following
12295                                                             atomicrmw.
12296                                                           - Ensures that all
12297                                                             memory operations
12298                                                             have
12299                                                             completed before
12300                                                             performing the
12301                                                             atomicrmw that is
12302                                                             being released.
12303
12304                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12305                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12306
12307                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12308                                                             mode, omit.
12309                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12310                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12311                                                             atomic with no-return.
12312                                                           - Must happen before
12313                                                             the following
12314                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12315                                                           - Ensures any
12316                                                             following global
12317                                                             data read is no
12318                                                             older than the
12319                                                             atomicrmw value
12320                                                             being acquired.
12321
12322                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12323
12324                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12325                                                             mode, omit.
12326                                                           - Ensures that
12327                                                             following
12328                                                             loads will not see
12329                                                             stale data.
12330
12331     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12332
12333                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12334                                                             mode, omit.
12335                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12336                                                           - Could be split into
12337                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12338                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12339                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12340                                                             them to be
12341                                                             independently moved
12342                                                             according to the
12343                                                             following rules.
12344                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12345                                                             must happen after
12346                                                             any preceding
12347                                                             global/generic load/load
12348                                                             atomic/
12349                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12350                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12351                                                             must happen after
12352                                                             any preceding
12353                                                             global/generic
12354                                                             store/store atomic/
12355                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12356                                                           - Must happen before
12357                                                             the following
12358                                                             store.
12359                                                           - Ensures that all
12360                                                             global memory
12361                                                             operations have
12362                                                             completed before
12363                                                             performing the
12364                                                             store that is being
12365                                                             released.
12366
12367                                                         2. ds_atomic
12368                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12369
12370                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12371                                                           - Must happen before
12372                                                             the following
12373                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12374                                                           - Ensures any
12375                                                             following global
12376                                                             data read is no
12377                                                             older than the local load
12378                                                             atomic value being
12379                                                             acquired.
12380
12381                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12382
12383                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12384                                                             mode, omit.
12385                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
12386                                                           - Ensures that
12387                                                             following
12388                                                             loads will not see
12389                                                             stale data.
12390
12391     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12392                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12393
12394                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12395                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12396                                                             vscnt(0).
12397                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12398                                                           - Could be split into
12399                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12400                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12401                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12402                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12403                                                             them to be
12404                                                             independently moved
12405                                                             according to the
12406                                                             following rules.
12407                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12408                                                             must happen after
12409                                                             any preceding
12410                                                             global/generic load/load
12411                                                             atomic/
12412                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12413                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12414                                                             must happen after
12415                                                             any preceding
12416                                                             global/generic
12417                                                             store/store
12418                                                             atomic/
12419                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12420                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12421                                                             must happen after
12422                                                             any preceding
12423                                                             local/generic
12424                                                             load/store/load
12425                                                             atomic/store
12426                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12427                                                           - Must happen before
12428                                                             the following
12429                                                             atomicrmw.
12430                                                           - Ensures that all
12431                                                             memory operations
12432                                                             have
12433                                                             completed before
12434                                                             performing the
12435                                                             atomicrmw that is
12436                                                             being released.
12437
12438                                                         2. flat_atomic
12439                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12440                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12441
12442                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12443                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12444                                                             vscnt(0).
12445                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12446                                                           - Must happen before
12447                                                             the following
12448                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12449                                                           - Ensures any
12450                                                             following global
12451                                                             data read is no
12452                                                             older than the load
12453                                                             atomic value being
12454                                                             acquired.
12455
12456                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12457
12458                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12459                                                             mode, omit.
12460                                                           - Ensures that
12461                                                             following
12462                                                             loads will not see
12463                                                             stale data.
12464
12465     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12466                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12467
12468                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12469                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12470                                                           - Could be split into
12471                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12472                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12473                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12474                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12475                                                             them to be
12476                                                             independently moved
12477                                                             according to the
12478                                                             following rules.
12479                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12480                                                             must happen after
12481                                                             any preceding
12482                                                             global/generic
12483                                                             load/load atomic/
12484                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12485                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12486                                                             must happen after
12487                                                             any preceding
12488                                                             global/generic
12489                                                             store/store atomic/
12490                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12491                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12492                                                             must happen after
12493                                                             any preceding
12494                                                             local/generic
12495                                                             load/store/load
12496                                                             atomic/store
12497                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12498                                                           - Must happen before
12499                                                             the following
12500                                                             atomicrmw.
12501                                                           - Ensures that all
12502                                                             memory operations
12503                                                             to global have
12504                                                             completed before
12505                                                             performing the
12506                                                             atomicrmw that is
12507                                                             being released.
12508
12509                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12510                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12511
12512                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12513                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12514                                                             atomic with no-return.
12515                                                           - Must happen before
12516                                                             following
12517                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12518                                                           - Ensures the
12519                                                             atomicrmw has
12520                                                             completed before
12521                                                             invalidating the
12522                                                             caches.
12523
12524                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12525                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12526
12527                                                           - Must happen before
12528                                                             any following
12529                                                             global/generic
12530                                                             load/load
12531                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12532                                                           - Ensures that
12533                                                             following loads
12534                                                             will not see stale
12535                                                             global data.
12536
12537     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12538                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12539
12540                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12541                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12542                                                           - Could be split into
12543                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12544                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12545                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12546                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12547                                                             them to be
12548                                                             independently moved
12549                                                             according to the
12550                                                             following rules.
12551                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12552                                                             must happen after
12553                                                             any preceding
12554                                                             global/generic
12555                                                             load/load atomic
12556                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12557                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12558                                                             must happen after
12559                                                             any preceding
12560                                                             global/generic
12561                                                             store/store atomic/
12562                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12563                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12564                                                             must happen after
12565                                                             any preceding
12566                                                             local/generic
12567                                                             load/store/load
12568                                                             atomic/store
12569                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12570                                                           - Must happen before
12571                                                             the following
12572                                                             atomicrmw.
12573                                                           - Ensures that all
12574                                                             memory operations
12575                                                             have
12576                                                             completed before
12577                                                             performing the
12578                                                             atomicrmw that is
12579                                                             being released.
12580
12581                                                         2. flat_atomic
12582                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
12583                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
12584
12585                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12586                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12587                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12588                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12589                                                             atomic with no-return.
12590                                                           - Must happen before
12591                                                             following
12592                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12593                                                           - Ensures the
12594                                                             atomicrmw has
12595                                                             completed before
12596                                                             invalidating the
12597                                                             caches.
12598
12599                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12600                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12601
12602                                                           - Must happen before
12603                                                             any following
12604                                                             global/generic
12605                                                             load/load
12606                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12607                                                           - Ensures that
12608                                                             following loads
12609                                                             will not see stale
12610                                                             global data.
12611
12612     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12613                               - wavefront
12614     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12615                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12616
12617                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12618                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12619                                                             vscnt(0).
12620                                                           - If OpenCL and
12621                                                             address space is
12622                                                             not generic, omit
12623                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12624                                                           - If OpenCL and
12625                                                             address space is
12626                                                             local, omit
12627                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12628                                                           - However,
12629                                                             since LLVM
12630                                                             currently has no
12631                                                             address space on
12632                                                             the fence need to
12633                                                             conservatively
12634                                                             always generate
12635                                                             (see comment for
12636                                                             previous fence).
12637                                                           - Could be split into
12638                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12639                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12640                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12641                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12642                                                             them to be
12643                                                             independently moved
12644                                                             according to the
12645                                                             following rules.
12646                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12647                                                             must happen after
12648                                                             any preceding
12649                                                             global/generic
12650                                                             load/load
12651                                                             atomic/
12652                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12653                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12654                                                             must happen after
12655                                                             any preceding
12656                                                             global/generic
12657                                                             store/store atomic/
12658                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12659                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12660                                                             must happen after
12661                                                             any preceding
12662                                                             local/generic
12663                                                             load/store/load
12664                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12665                                                             atomicrmw.
12666                                                           - Must happen before
12667                                                             any following
12668                                                             global/generic
12669                                                             load/load
12670                                                             atomic/store/store
12671                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12672                                                           - Ensures that all
12673                                                             memory operations
12674                                                             have
12675                                                             completed before
12676                                                             performing any
12677                                                             following global
12678                                                             memory operations.
12679                                                           - Ensures that the
12680                                                             preceding
12681                                                             local/generic load
12682                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12683                                                             with an equal or
12684                                                             wider sync scope
12685                                                             and memory ordering
12686                                                             stronger than
12687                                                             unordered (this is
12688                                                             termed the
12689                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12690                                                             has completed
12691                                                             before following
12692                                                             global memory
12693                                                             operations. This
12694                                                             satisfies the
12695                                                             requirements of
12696                                                             acquire.
12697                                                           - Ensures that all
12698                                                             previous memory
12699                                                             operations have
12700                                                             completed before a
12701                                                             following
12702                                                             local/generic store
12703                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12704                                                             with an equal or
12705                                                             wider sync scope
12706                                                             and memory ordering
12707                                                             stronger than
12708                                                             unordered (this is
12709                                                             termed the
12710                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12711                                                             This satisfies the
12712                                                             requirements of
12713                                                             release.
12714                                                           - Must happen before
12715                                                             the following
12716                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12717                                                           - Ensures that the
12718                                                             acquire-fence-paired
12719                                                             atomic has completed
12720                                                             before invalidating
12721                                                             the
12722                                                             cache. Therefore
12723                                                             any following
12724                                                             locations read must
12725                                                             be no older than
12726                                                             the value read by
12727                                                             the
12728                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
12729
12730                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12731
12732                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12733                                                             mode, omit.
12734                                                           - Ensures that
12735                                                             following
12736                                                             loads will not see
12737                                                             stale data.
12738
12739     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12740                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12741
12742                                                           - If OpenCL and
12743                                                             address space is
12744                                                             not generic, omit
12745                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12746                                                           - If OpenCL and
12747                                                             address space is
12748                                                             local, omit
12749                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12750                                                           - However, since LLVM
12751                                                             currently has no
12752                                                             address space on
12753                                                             the fence need to
12754                                                             conservatively
12755                                                             always generate
12756                                                             (see comment for
12757                                                             previous fence).
12758                                                           - Could be split into
12759                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12760                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12761                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12762                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12763                                                             them to be
12764                                                             independently moved
12765                                                             according to the
12766                                                             following rules.
12767                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12768                                                             must happen after
12769                                                             any preceding
12770                                                             global/generic
12771                                                             load/load
12772                                                             atomic/
12773                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12774                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12775                                                             must happen after
12776                                                             any preceding
12777                                                             global/generic
12778                                                             store/store atomic/
12779                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12780                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12781                                                             must happen after
12782                                                             any preceding
12783                                                             local/generic
12784                                                             load/store/load
12785                                                             atomic/store
12786                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12787                                                           - Must happen before
12788                                                             the following
12789                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12790                                                           - Ensures that the
12791                                                             preceding
12792                                                             global/local/generic
12793                                                             load
12794                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12795                                                             with an equal or
12796                                                             wider sync scope
12797                                                             and memory ordering
12798                                                             stronger than
12799                                                             unordered (this is
12800                                                             termed the
12801                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12802                                                             has completed
12803                                                             before invalidating
12804                                                             the caches. This
12805                                                             satisfies the
12806                                                             requirements of
12807                                                             acquire.
12808                                                           - Ensures that all
12809                                                             previous memory
12810                                                             operations have
12811                                                             completed before a
12812                                                             following
12813                                                             global/local/generic
12814                                                             store
12815                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12816                                                             with an equal or
12817                                                             wider sync scope
12818                                                             and memory ordering
12819                                                             stronger than
12820                                                             unordered (this is
12821                                                             termed the
12822                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12823                                                             This satisfies the
12824                                                             requirements of
12825                                                             release.
12826
12827                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
12828                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12829
12830                                                           - Must happen before
12831                                                             any following
12832                                                             global/generic
12833                                                             load/load
12834                                                             atomic/store/store
12835                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12836                                                           - Ensures that
12837                                                             following loads
12838                                                             will not see stale
12839                                                             global data. This
12840                                                             satisfies the
12841                                                             requirements of
12842                                                             acquire.
12843
12844     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
12845     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12846     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
12847                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
12848                                              - generic  except must generate
12849                                                         all instructions even
12850                                                         for OpenCL.*
12851     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12852                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12853
12854                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12855                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12856                                                             vscnt(0).
12857                                                           - Could be split into
12858                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12859                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12860                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12861                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12862                                                             them to be
12863                                                             independently moved
12864                                                             according to the
12865                                                             following rules.
12866                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
12867                                                             happen after
12868                                                             preceding
12869                                                             local/generic load
12870                                                             atomic/store
12871                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12872                                                             with memory
12873                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12874                                                             and with equal or
12875                                                             wider sync scope.
12876                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12877                                                             fences have their
12878                                                             own s_waitcnt
12879                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
12880                                                             not need to be
12881                                                             considered.)
12882                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12883                                                             must happen after
12884                                                             preceding
12885                                                             global/generic load
12886                                                             atomic/
12887                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12888                                                             with memory
12889                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12890                                                             and with equal or
12891                                                             wider sync scope.
12892                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12893                                                             fences have their
12894                                                             own s_waitcnt
12895                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12896                                                             not need to be
12897                                                             considered.)
12898                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12899                                                             Must happen after
12900                                                             preceding
12901                                                             global/generic store
12902                                                             atomic/
12903                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12904                                                             with memory
12905                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12906                                                             and with equal or
12907                                                             wider sync scope.
12908                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12909                                                             fences have their
12910                                                             own s_waitcnt
12911                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
12912                                                             not need to be
12913                                                             considered.)
12914                                                           - Ensures any
12915                                                             preceding
12916                                                             sequential
12917                                                             consistent global/local
12918                                                             memory instructions
12919                                                             have completed
12920                                                             before executing
12921                                                             this sequentially
12922                                                             consistent
12923                                                             instruction. This
12924                                                             prevents reordering
12925                                                             a seq_cst store
12926                                                             followed by a
12927                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
12928                                                             that seq_cst is
12929                                                             stronger than
12930                                                             acquire/release as
12931                                                             the reordering of
12932                                                             load acquire
12933                                                             followed by a store
12934                                                             release is
12935                                                             prevented by the
12936                                                             s_waitcnt of
12937                                                             the release, but
12938                                                             there is nothing
12939                                                             preventing a store
12940                                                             release followed by
12941                                                             load acquire from
12942                                                             completing out of
12943                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
12944                                                             could be placed after
12945                                                             seq_store or before
12946                                                             the seq_load. We
12947                                                             choose the load to
12948                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
12949                                                             as late as possible
12950                                                             so that the store
12951                                                             may have already
12952                                                             completed.)
12953
12954                                                         2. *Following
12955                                                            instructions same as
12956                                                            corresponding load
12957                                                            atomic acquire,
12958                                                            except must generate
12959                                                            all instructions even
12960                                                            for OpenCL.*
12961     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local
12962
12963                                                         1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12964
12965                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12966                                                             mode, omit.
12967                                                           - Could be split into
12968                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12969                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12970                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12971                                                             them to be
12972                                                             independently moved
12973                                                             according to the
12974                                                             following rules.
12975                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12976                                                             Must happen after
12977                                                             preceding
12978                                                             global/generic load
12979                                                             atomic/
12980                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12981                                                             with memory
12982                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12983                                                             and with equal or
12984                                                             wider sync scope.
12985                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12986                                                             fences have their
12987                                                             own s_waitcnt
12988                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12989                                                             not need to be
12990                                                             considered.)
12991                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12992                                                             Must happen after
12993                                                             preceding
12994                                                             global/generic store
12995                                                             atomic/
12996                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12997                                                             with memory
12998                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12999                                                             and with equal or
13000                                                             wider sync scope.
13001                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13002                                                             fences have their
13003                                                             own s_waitcnt
13004                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
13005                                                             not need to be
13006                                                             considered.)
13007                                                           - Ensures any
13008                                                             preceding
13009                                                             sequential
13010                                                             consistent global
13011                                                             memory instructions
13012                                                             have completed
13013                                                             before executing
13014                                                             this sequentially
13015                                                             consistent
13016                                                             instruction. This
13017                                                             prevents reordering
13018                                                             a seq_cst store
13019                                                             followed by a
13020                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13021                                                             that seq_cst is
13022                                                             stronger than
13023                                                             acquire/release as
13024                                                             the reordering of
13025                                                             load acquire
13026                                                             followed by a store
13027                                                             release is
13028                                                             prevented by the
13029                                                             s_waitcnt of
13030                                                             the release, but
13031                                                             there is nothing
13032                                                             preventing a store
13033                                                             release followed by
13034                                                             load acquire from
13035                                                             completing out of
13036                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13037                                                             could be placed after
13038                                                             seq_store or before
13039                                                             the seq_load. We
13040                                                             choose the load to
13041                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13042                                                             as late as possible
13043                                                             so that the store
13044                                                             may have already
13045                                                             completed.)
13046
13047                                                         2. *Following
13048                                                            instructions same as
13049                                                            corresponding load
13050                                                            atomic acquire,
13051                                                            except must generate
13052                                                            all instructions even
13053                                                            for OpenCL.*
13054
13055     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
13056                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
13057
13058                                                           - Could be split into
13059                                                             separate s_waitcnt
13060                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
13061                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
13062                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
13063                                                             them to be
13064                                                             independently moved
13065                                                             according to the
13066                                                             following rules.
13067                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
13068                                                             must happen after
13069                                                             preceding
13070                                                             local load
13071                                                             atomic/store
13072                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
13073                                                             with memory
13074                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13075                                                             and with equal or
13076                                                             wider sync scope.
13077                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13078                                                             fences have their
13079                                                             own s_waitcnt
13080                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
13081                                                             not need to be
13082                                                             considered.)
13083                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
13084                                                             must happen after
13085                                                             preceding
13086                                                             global/generic load
13087                                                             atomic/
13088                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
13089                                                             with memory
13090                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13091                                                             and with equal or
13092                                                             wider sync scope.
13093                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13094                                                             fences have their
13095                                                             own s_waitcnt
13096                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
13097                                                             not need to be
13098                                                             considered.)
13099                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
13100                                                             Must happen after
13101                                                             preceding
13102                                                             global/generic store
13103                                                             atomic/
13104                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
13105                                                             with memory
13106                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13107                                                             and with equal or
13108                                                             wider sync scope.
13109                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13110                                                             fences have their
13111                                                             own s_waitcnt
13112                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
13113                                                             not need to be
13114                                                             considered.)
13115                                                           - Ensures any
13116                                                             preceding
13117                                                             sequential
13118                                                             consistent global
13119                                                             memory instructions
13120                                                             have completed
13121                                                             before executing
13122                                                             this sequentially
13123                                                             consistent
13124                                                             instruction. This
13125                                                             prevents reordering
13126                                                             a seq_cst store
13127                                                             followed by a
13128                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13129                                                             that seq_cst is
13130                                                             stronger than
13131                                                             acquire/release as
13132                                                             the reordering of
13133                                                             load acquire
13134                                                             followed by a store
13135                                                             release is
13136                                                             prevented by the
13137                                                             s_waitcnt of
13138                                                             the release, but
13139                                                             there is nothing
13140                                                             preventing a store
13141                                                             release followed by
13142                                                             load acquire from
13143                                                             completing out of
13144                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13145                                                             could be placed after
13146                                                             seq_store or before
13147                                                             the seq_load. We
13148                                                             choose the load to
13149                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13150                                                             as late as possible
13151                                                             so that the store
13152                                                             may have already
13153                                                             completed.)
13154
13155                                                         2. *Following
13156                                                            instructions same as
13157                                                            corresponding load
13158                                                            atomic acquire,
13159                                                            except must generate
13160                                                            all instructions even
13161                                                            for OpenCL.*
13162     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13163                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
13164                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13165                               - agent                   all instructions even
13166                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13167     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13168                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
13169                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13170                               - agent                   all instructions even
13171                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13172     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
13173                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
13174                               - workgroup               except must generate
13175                               - agent                   all instructions even
13176                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13177     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
13178
13179.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi:
13180
13181Trap Handler ABI
13182~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13183
13184For code objects generated by the AMDGPU backend for HSA [HSA]_ compatible
13185runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), the runtime installs a trap handler that
13186supports the ``s_trap`` instruction. For usage see:
13187
13188- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table`
13189- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table`
13190- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table`
13191
13192  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V2
13193     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table
13194
13195     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13196     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13197                                         Inputs
13198     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13199     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13200     ``debugtrap(arg)``  ``s_trap 0x01`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Reserved for Finalizer HSA ``debugtrap``
13201                                           ``queue_ptr`` intrinsic (not implemented).
13202                                         ``VGPR0``:
13203                                           ``arg``
13204     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13205                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13206                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13207                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13208                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13209                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13210                                                         terminated.
13211     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13212                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13213                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13214                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13215                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13216                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13217                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13218                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13219                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13220                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13221     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13222     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13223     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13224     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13225     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13226     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13227     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13228     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13229
13230..
13231
13232  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V3
13233     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table
13234
13235     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13236     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13237                                         Inputs
13238     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13239     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13240     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*          Reserved for debugger to use for
13241                                                         breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13242                                                         with the PC at the trap instruction.
13243                                                         The debugger is responsible to resume
13244                                                         the wave, including the instruction
13245                                                         that the breakpoint overwrote.
13246     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13247                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13248                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13249                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13250                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13251                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13252                                                         terminated.
13253     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13254                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13255                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13256                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13257                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13258                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13259                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13260                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13261                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13262                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13263     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13264     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13265     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13266     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13267     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13268     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13269     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13270     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13271
13272..
13273
13274  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V4 and Above
13275     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table
13276
13277     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13278     Usage               Code Sequence   GFX6-GFX8 Inputs GFX9-GFX10 Inputs Description
13279     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13280     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                                    Reserved by hardware.
13281     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*           *none*            Reserved for debugger to use for
13282                                                                            breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13283                                                                            with the PC at the trap instruction.
13284                                                                            The debugger is responsible to resume
13285                                                                            the wave, including the instruction
13286                                                                            that the breakpoint overwrote.
13287     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:     *none*            Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13288                                           ``queue_ptr``                    the trap instruction. The associated
13289                                                                            queue is signalled to put it into the
13290                                                                            error state.  When the queue is put in
13291                                                                            the error state, the waves executing
13292                                                                            dispatches on the queue will be
13293                                                                            terminated.
13294     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*           *none*            - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13295                                                                              as a no-operation. The trap handler
13296                                                                              is entered and immediately returns to
13297                                                                              continue execution of the wavefront.
13298                                                                            - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13299                                                                              the debug trap to be reported by the
13300                                                                              debugger and the wavefront is put in
13301                                                                              the halt state with the PC at the
13302                                                                              instruction.  The debugger must
13303                                                                              increment the PC and resume the wave.
13304     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                                    Reserved.
13305     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                                    Reserved.
13306     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                                    Reserved.
13307     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                                    Reserved.
13308     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                                    Reserved.
13309     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                                    Reserved.
13310     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                                    Reserved.
13311     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13312
13313.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention:
13314
13315Call Convention
13316~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13317
13318.. note::
13319
13320  This section is currently incomplete and has inaccuracies. It is WIP that will
13321  be updated as information is determined.
13322
13323See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on swizzled
13324addresses. Unswizzled addresses are normal linear addresses.
13325
13326.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-kernel-functions:
13327
13328Kernel Functions
13329++++++++++++++++
13330
13331This section describes the call convention ABI for the outer kernel function.
13332
13333See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` for the kernel call
13334convention.
13335
13336The following is not part of the AMDGPU kernel calling convention but describes
13337how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13338
133391.  Clang decides the kernarg layout to match the *HSA Programmer's Language
13340    Reference* [HSA]_.
13341
13342    - All structs are passed directly.
13343    - Lambda values are passed *TBA*.
13344
13345    .. TODO::
13346
13347      - Does this really follow HSA rules? Or are structs >16 bytes passed
13348        by-value struct?
13349      - What is ABI for lambda values?
13350
133514.  The kernel performs certain setup in its prolog, as described in
13352    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`.
13353
13354.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions:
13355
13356Non-Kernel Functions
13357++++++++++++++++++++
13358
13359This section describes the call convention ABI for functions other than the
13360outer kernel function.
13361
13362If a kernel has function calls then scratch is always allocated and used for
13363the call stack which grows from low address to high address using the swizzled
13364scratch address space.
13365
13366On entry to a function:
13367
133681.  SGPR0-3 contain a V# with the following properties (see
13369    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`):
13370
13371    * Base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing
13372      memory.
13373    * Swizzled with dword element size and stride of wavefront size elements.
13374
133752.  The FLAT_SCRATCH register pair is setup. See
13376    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
133773.  GFX6-GFX8: M0 register set to the size of LDS in bytes. See
13378    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`.
133794.  The EXEC register is set to the lanes active on entry to the function.
133805.  MODE register: *TBD*
133816.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function input arguments as described
13382    below.
133837.  SGPR30-31 return address (RA). The code address that the function must
13384    return to when it completes. The value is undefined if the function is *no
13385    return*.
133868.  SGPR32 is used for the stack pointer (SP). It is an unswizzled scratch
13387    offset relative to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing memory.
13388
13389    The unswizzled SP can be used with buffer instructions as an unswizzled SGPR
13390    offset with the scratch V# in SGPR0-3 to access the stack in a swizzled
13391    manner.
13392
13393    The unswizzled SP value can be converted into the swizzled SP value by:
13394
13395      | swizzled SP = unswizzled SP / wavefront size
13396
13397    This may be used to obtain the private address space address of stack
13398    objects and to convert this address to a flat address by adding the flat
13399    scratch aperture base address.
13400
13401    The swizzled SP value is always 4 bytes aligned for the ``r600``
13402    architecture and 16 byte aligned for the ``amdgcn`` architecture.
13403
13404    .. note::
13405
13406      The ``amdgcn`` value is selected to avoid dynamic stack alignment for the
13407      OpenCL language which has the largest base type defined as 16 bytes.
13408
13409    On entry, the swizzled SP value is the address of the first function
13410    argument passed on the stack. Other stack passed arguments are positive
13411    offsets from the entry swizzled SP value.
13412
13413    The function may use positive offsets beyond the last stack passed argument
13414    for stack allocated local variables and register spill slots. If necessary,
13415    the function may align these to greater alignment than 16 bytes. After these
13416    the function may dynamically allocate space for such things as runtime sized
13417    ``alloca`` local allocations.
13418
13419    If the function calls another function, it will place any stack allocated
13420    arguments after the last local allocation and adjust SGPR32 to the address
13421    after the last local allocation.
13422
134239.  All other registers are unspecified.
1342410. Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory is available
13425    to the function.
13426
13427On exit from a function:
13428
134291.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function result arguments as
13430    described below. Any registers used are considered clobbered registers.
134312.  The following registers are preserved and have the same value as on entry:
13432
13433    * FLAT_SCRATCH
13434    * EXEC
13435    * GFX6-GFX8: M0
13436    * All SGPR registers except the clobbered registers of SGPR4-31.
13437    * VGPR40-47
13438    * VGPR56-63
13439    * VGPR72-79
13440    * VGPR88-95
13441    * VGPR104-111
13442    * VGPR120-127
13443    * VGPR136-143
13444    * VGPR152-159
13445    * VGPR168-175
13446    * VGPR184-191
13447    * VGPR200-207
13448    * VGPR216-223
13449    * VGPR232-239
13450    * VGPR248-255
13451
13452        .. note::
13453
13454          Except the argument registers, the VGPRs clobbered and the preserved
13455          registers are intermixed at regular intervals in order to keep a
13456          similar ratio independent of the number of allocated VGPRs.
13457
13458    * GFX90A: All AGPR registers except the clobbered registers AGPR0-31.
13459    * Lanes of all VGPRs that are inactive at the call site.
13460
13461      For the AMDGPU backend, an inter-procedural register allocation (IPRA)
13462      optimization may mark some of clobbered SGPR and VGPR registers as
13463      preserved if it can be determined that the called function does not change
13464      their value.
13465
134662.  The PC is set to the RA provided on entry.
134673.  MODE register: *TBD*.
134684.  All other registers are clobbered.
134695.  Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory accessed by
13470    function is available to the caller.
13471
13472.. TODO::
13473
13474  - How are function results returned? The address of structured types is passed
13475    by reference, but what about other types?
13476
13477The function input arguments are made up of the formal arguments explicitly
13478declared by the source language function plus the implicit input arguments used
13479by the implementation.
13480
13481The source language input arguments are:
13482
134831. Any source language implicit ``this`` or ``self`` argument comes first as a
13484   pointer type.
134852. Followed by the function formal arguments in left to right source order.
13486
13487The source language result arguments are:
13488
134891. The function result argument.
13490
13491The source language input or result struct type arguments that are less than or
13492equal to 16 bytes, are decomposed recursively into their base type fields, and
13493each field is passed as if a separate argument. For input arguments, if the
13494called function requires the struct to be in memory, for example because its
13495address is taken, then the function body is responsible for allocating a stack
13496location and copying the field arguments into it. Clang terms this *direct
13497struct*.
13498
13499The source language input struct type arguments that are greater than 16 bytes,
13500are passed by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack
13501location to make a copy of the struct value and pass the address as the input
13502argument. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13503accessing the input argument. Clang terms this *by-value struct*.
13504
13505A source language result struct type argument that is greater than 16 bytes, is
13506returned by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack location
13507to hold the result value and passes the address as the last input argument
13508(before the implicit input arguments). In this case there are no result
13509arguments. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13510storing the result value. Clang terms this *structured return (sret)*.
13511
13512*TODO: correct the ``sret`` definition.*
13513
13514.. TODO::
13515
13516  Is this definition correct? Or is ``sret`` only used if passing in registers, and
13517  pass as non-decomposed struct as stack argument? Or something else? Is the
13518  memory location in the caller stack frame, or a stack memory argument and so
13519  no address is passed as the caller can directly write to the argument stack
13520  location? But then the stack location is still live after return. If an
13521  argument stack location is it the first stack argument or the last one?
13522
13523Lambda argument types are treated as struct types with an implementation defined
13524set of fields.
13525
13526.. TODO::
13527
13528  Need to specify the ABI for lambda types for AMDGPU.
13529
13530For AMDGPU backend all source language arguments (including the decomposed
13531struct type arguments) are passed in VGPRs unless marked ``inreg`` in which case
13532they are passed in SGPRs.
13533
13534The AMDGPU backend walks the function call graph from the leaves to determine
13535which implicit input arguments are used, propagating to each caller of the
13536function. The used implicit arguments are appended to the function arguments
13537after the source language arguments in the following order:
13538
13539.. TODO::
13540
13541  Is recursion or external functions supported?
13542
135431.  Work-Item ID (1 VGPR)
13544
13545    The X, Y and Z work-item ID are packed into a single VGRP with the following
13546    layout. Only fields actually used by the function are set. The other bits
13547    are undefined.
13548
13549    The values come from the initial kernel execution state. See
13550    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
13551
13552    .. table:: Work-item implicit argument layout
13553      :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-workitem-implicit-argument-layout-table
13554
13555      ======= ======= ==============
13556      Bits    Size    Field Name
13557      ======= ======= ==============
13558      9:0     10 bits X Work-Item ID
13559      19:10   10 bits Y Work-Item ID
13560      29:20   10 bits Z Work-Item ID
13561      31:30   2 bits  Unused
13562      ======= ======= ==============
13563
135642.  Dispatch Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13565
13566    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13567    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13568
135693.  Queue Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13570
13571    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13572    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13573
135744.  Kernarg Segment Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13575
13576    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13577    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13578
135795.  Dispatch id (2 SGPRs)
13580
13581    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13582    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13583
135846.  Work-Group ID X (1 SGPR)
13585
13586    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13587    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13588
135897.  Work-Group ID Y (1 SGPR)
13590
13591    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13592    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13593
135948.  Work-Group ID Z (1 SGPR)
13595
13596    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13597    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13598
135999.  Implicit Argument Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13600
13601    The value is computed by adding an offset to Kernarg Segment Ptr to get the
13602    global address space pointer to the first kernarg implicit argument.
13603
13604The input and result arguments are assigned in order in the following manner:
13605
13606.. note::
13607
13608  There are likely some errors and omissions in the following description that
13609  need correction.
13610
13611  .. TODO::
13612
13613    Check the Clang source code to decipher how function arguments and return
13614    results are handled. Also see the AMDGPU specific values used.
13615
13616* VGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive VGPRs starting at VGPR0 up to
13617  VGPR31.
13618
13619  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13620  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13621  addresses.
13622
13623  .. TODO::
13624
13625    How are overly aligned structures allocated on the stack?
13626
13627* SGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive SGPRs starting at SGPR0 up to
13628  SGPR29.
13629
13630  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13631  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13632  addresses.
13633
13634Note that decomposed struct type arguments may have some fields passed in
13635registers and some in memory.
13636
13637.. TODO::
13638
13639  So, a struct which can pass some fields as decomposed register arguments, will
13640  pass the rest as decomposed stack elements? But an argument that will not start
13641  in registers will not be decomposed and will be passed as a non-decomposed
13642  stack value?
13643
13644The following is not part of the AMDGPU function calling convention but
13645describes how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13646
136471.  SGPR33 is used as a frame pointer (FP) if necessary. Like the SP it is an
13648    unswizzled scratch address. It is only needed if runtime sized ``alloca``
13649    are used, or for the reasons defined in ``SIFrameLowering``.
136502.  Runtime stack alignment is supported. SGPR34 is used as a base pointer (BP)
13651    to access the incoming stack arguments in the function. The BP is needed
13652    only when the function requires the runtime stack alignment.
13653
136543.  Allocating SGPR arguments on the stack are not supported.
13655
136564.  No CFI is currently generated. See
13657    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
13658
13659    .. note::
13660
13661      CFI will be generated that defines the CFA as the unswizzled address
13662      relative to the wave scratch base in the unswizzled private address space
13663      of the lowest address stack allocated local variable.
13664
13665      ``DW_AT_frame_base`` will be defined as the swizzled address in the
13666      swizzled private address space by dividing the CFA by the wavefront size
13667      (since CFA is always at least dword aligned which matches the scratch
13668      swizzle element size).
13669
13670      If no dynamic stack alignment was performed, the stack allocated arguments
13671      are accessed as negative offsets relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``, and the
13672      local variables and register spill slots are accessed as positive offsets
13673      relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``.
13674
136755.  Function argument passing is implemented by copying the input physical
13676    registers to virtual registers on entry. The register allocator can spill if
13677    necessary. These are copied back to physical registers at call sites. The
13678    net effect is that each function call can have these values in entirely
13679    distinct locations. The IPRA can help avoid shuffling argument registers.
136806.  Call sites are implemented by setting up the arguments at positive offsets
13681    from SP. Then SP is incremented to account for the known frame size before
13682    the call and decremented after the call.
13683
13684    .. note::
13685
13686      The CFI will reflect the changed calculation needed to compute the CFA
13687      from SP.
13688
136897.  4 byte spill slots are used in the stack frame. One slot is allocated for an
13690    emergency spill slot. Buffer instructions are used for stack accesses and
13691    not the ``flat_scratch`` instruction.
13692
13693    .. TODO::
13694
13695      Explain when the emergency spill slot is used.
13696
13697.. TODO::
13698
13699  Possible broken issues:
13700
13701  - Stack arguments must be aligned to required alignment.
13702  - Stack is aligned to max(16, max formal argument alignment)
13703  - Direct argument < 64 bits should check register budget.
13704  - Register budget calculation should respect ``inreg`` for SGPR.
13705  - SGPR overflow is not handled.
13706  - struct with 1 member unpeeling is not checking size of member.
13707  - ``sret`` is after ``this`` pointer.
13708  - Caller is not implementing stack realignment: need an extra pointer.
13709  - Should say AMDGPU passes FP rather than SP.
13710  - Should CFI define CFA as address of locals or arguments. Difference is
13711    apparent when have implemented dynamic alignment.
13712  - If ``SCRATCH`` instruction could allow negative offsets, then can make FP be
13713    highest address of stack frame and use negative offset for locals. Would
13714    allow SP to be the same as FP and could support signal-handler-like as now
13715    have a real SP for the top of the stack.
13716  - How is ``sret`` passed on the stack? In argument stack area? Can it overlay
13717    arguments?
13718
13719AMDPAL
13720------
13721
13722This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
13723``amdpal`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
13724
13725.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-section:
13726
13727Code Object Metadata
13728~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13729
13730.. note::
13731
13732  The metadata is currently in development and is subject to major
13733  changes. Only the current version is supported. *When this document
13734  was generated the version was 2.6.*
13735
13736Code object metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
13737record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
13738
13739The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
13740[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the keys
13741defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table`
13742and referenced tables.
13743
13744Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts, any
13745key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where ``vendor-name``
13746can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor tool that generates the
13747information. The prefix is abbreviated to simply "." when it appears
13748within a map that has been added by the same *vendor-name*.
13749
13750  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Metadata Map
13751     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table
13752
13753     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13754     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
13755     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13756     "amdpal.version"    sequence of    Required  PAL code object metadata (major, minor) version. The current values
13757                         2 integers               are defined by *Util::Abi::PipelineMetadata(Major|Minor)Version*.
13758     "amdpal.pipelines"  sequence of    Required  Per-pipeline metadata. See
13759                         map                      :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table` for the
13760                                                  definition of the keys included in that map.
13761     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13762
13763..
13764
13765  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Pipeline Metadata Map
13766     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table
13767
13768     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13769     String Key                             Value Type     Required? Description
13770     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13771     ".name"                                string                   Source name of the pipeline.
13772     ".type"                                string                   Pipeline type, e.g. VsPs. Values include:
13773
13774                                                                       - "VsPs"
13775                                                                       - "Gs"
13776                                                                       - "Cs"
13777                                                                       - "Ngg"
13778                                                                       - "Tess"
13779                                                                       - "GsTess"
13780                                                                       - "NggTess"
13781
13782     ".internal_pipeline_hash"              sequence of    Required  Internal compiler hash for this pipeline. Lower
13783                                            2 integers               64 bits is the "stable" portion of the hash, used
13784                                                                     for e.g. shader replacement lookup. Upper 64 bits
13785                                                                     is the "unique" portion of the hash, used for
13786                                                                     e.g. pipeline cache lookup. The value is
13787                                                                     implementation defined, and can not be relied on
13788                                                                     between different builds of the compiler.
13789     ".shaders"                             map                      Per-API shader metadata. See
13790                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table`
13791                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13792                                                                     map.
13793     ".hardware_stages"                     map                      Per-hardware stage metadata. See
13794                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table`
13795                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13796                                                                     map.
13797     ".shader_functions"                    map                      Per-shader function metadata. See
13798                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table`
13799                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13800                                                                     map.
13801     ".registers"                           map            Required  Hardware register configuration. See
13802                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table`
13803                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13804                                                                     map.
13805     ".user_data_limit"                     integer                  Number of user data entries accessed by this
13806                                                                     pipeline.
13807     ".spill_threshold"                     integer                  The user data spill threshold.  0xFFFF for
13808                                                                     NoUserDataSpilling.
13809     ".uses_viewport_array_index"           boolean                  Indicates whether or not the pipeline uses the
13810                                                                     viewport array index feature. Pipelines which use
13811                                                                     this feature can render into all 16 viewports,
13812                                                                     whereas pipelines which do not use it are
13813                                                                     restricted to viewport #0.
13814     ".es_gs_lds_size"                      integer                  Size in bytes of LDS space used internally for
13815                                                                     handling data-passing between the ES and GS
13816                                                                     shader stages. This can be zero if the data is
13817                                                                     passed using off-chip buffers. This value should
13818                                                                     be used to program all user-SGPRs which have been
13819                                                                     marked with "UserDataMapping::EsGsLdsSize"
13820                                                                     (typically only the GS and VS HW stages will ever
13821                                                                     have a user-SGPR so marked).
13822     ".nggSubgroupSize"                     integer                  Explicit maximum subgroup size for NGG shaders
13823                                                                     (maximum number of threads in a subgroup).
13824     ".num_interpolants"                    integer                  Graphics only. Number of PS interpolants.
13825     ".mesh_scratch_memory_size"            integer                  Max mesh shader scratch memory used.
13826     ".api"                                 string                   Name of the client graphics API.
13827     ".api_create_info"                     binary                   Graphics API shader create info binary blob. Can
13828                                                                     be defined by the driver using the compiler if
13829                                                                     they want to be able to correlate API-specific
13830                                                                     information used during creation at a later time.
13831     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13832
13833..
13834
13835  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Map
13836     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table
13837
13838
13839     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13840     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                        |
13841     +=============+==============+===================================================================+
13842     |- ".compute" |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table` |
13843     |- ".vertex"  |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.               |
13844     |- ".hull"    |              |                                                                   |
13845     |- ".domain"  |              |                                                                   |
13846     |- ".geometry"|              |                                                                   |
13847     |- ".pixel"   |              |                                                                   |
13848     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13849
13850..
13851
13852  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object API Shader Metadata Map
13853     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table
13854
13855     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13856     String Key           Value Type     Required? Description
13857     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13858     ".api_shader_hash"   sequence of    Required  Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13859                          2 integers               is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13860                                                   different builds of the compiler.
13861     ".hardware_mapping"  sequence of    Required  Flags indicating the HW stages this API shader maps to. Values
13862                          string                   include:
13863
13864                                                     - ".ls"
13865                                                     - ".hs"
13866                                                     - ".es"
13867                                                     - ".gs"
13868                                                     - ".vs"
13869                                                     - ".ps"
13870                                                     - ".cs"
13871
13872     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13873
13874..
13875
13876  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Map
13877     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table
13878
13879     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13880     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                            |
13881     +=============+==============+=======================================================================+
13882     |- ".ls"      |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table` |
13883     |- ".hs"      |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.                   |
13884     |- ".es"      |              |                                                                       |
13885     |- ".gs"      |              |                                                                       |
13886     |- ".vs"      |              |                                                                       |
13887     |- ".ps"      |              |                                                                       |
13888     |- ".cs"      |              |                                                                       |
13889     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13890
13891..
13892
13893  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Metadata Map
13894     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table
13895
13896     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13897     String Key                 Value Type     Required? Description
13898     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13899     ".entry_point"             string                   The ELF symbol pointing to this pipeline's stage entry point.
13900     ".scratch_memory_size"     integer                  Scratch memory size in bytes.
13901     ".lds_size"                integer                  Local Data Share size in bytes.
13902     ".perf_data_buffer_size"   integer                  Performance data buffer size in bytes.
13903     ".vgpr_count"              integer                  Number of VGPRs used.
13904     ".agpr_count"              integer                  Number of AGPRs used.
13905     ".sgpr_count"              integer                  Number of SGPRs used.
13906     ".vgpr_limit"              integer                  If non-zero, indicates the shader was compiled with a
13907                                                         directive to instruct the compiler to limit the VGPR usage to
13908                                                         be less than or equal to the specified value (only set if
13909                                                         different from HW default).
13910     ".sgpr_limit"              integer                  SGPR count upper limit (only set if different from HW
13911                                                         default).
13912     ".threadgroup_dimensions"  sequence of              Thread-group X/Y/Z dimensions (Compute only).
13913                                3 integers
13914     ".wavefront_size"          integer                  Wavefront size (only set if different from HW default).
13915     ".uses_uavs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes UAVs.
13916     ".uses_rovs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes ROVs.
13917     ".writes_uavs"             boolean                  The shader writes to one or more UAVs.
13918     ".writes_depth"            boolean                  The shader writes out a depth value.
13919     ".uses_append_consume"     boolean                  The shader uses append and/or consume operations, either
13920                                                         memory or GDS.
13921     ".uses_prim_id"            boolean                  The shader uses PrimID.
13922     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13923
13924..
13925
13926  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Map
13927     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table
13928
13929     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13930     String Key      Value Type     Description
13931     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13932     *symbol name*   map            *symbol name* is the ELF symbol name of the shader function code
13933                                    entry address. The value is the function's metadata. See
13934                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table`.
13935     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13936
13937..
13938
13939  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Metadata Map
13940     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table
13941
13942     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13943     String Key                    Value Type     Description
13944     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13945     ".api_shader_hash"            sequence of    Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13946                                   2 integers     is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13947                                                  different builds of the compiler.
13948     ".scratch_memory_size"        integer        Size in bytes of scratch memory used by the shader.
13949     ".lds_size"                   integer        Size in bytes of LDS memory.
13950     ".vgpr_count"                 integer        Number of VGPRs used by the shader.
13951     ".sgpr_count"                 integer        Number of SGPRs used by the shader.
13952     ".stack_frame_size_in_bytes"  integer        Amount of stack size used by the shader.
13953     ".shader_subtype"             string         Shader subtype/kind. Values include:
13954
13955                                                    - "Unknown"
13956
13957     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13958
13959..
13960
13961  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Register Map
13962     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table
13963
13964     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13965     32-bit Integer Key         Value Type     Description
13966     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13967     ``reg offset``             32-bit integer ``reg offset`` is the dword offset into the GFXIP register space of
13968                                               a GRBM register (i.e., driver accessible GPU register number, not
13969                                               shader GPR register number). The driver is required to program each
13970                                               specified register to the corresponding specified value when
13971                                               executing this pipeline. Typically, the ``reg offsets`` are the
13972                                               ``uint16_t`` offsets to each register as defined by the hardware
13973                                               chip headers. The register is set to the provided value. However, a
13974                                               ``reg offset`` that specifies a user data register (e.g.,
13975                                               COMPUTE_USER_DATA_0) needs special treatment. See
13976                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section` section for more
13977                                               information.
13978     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13979
13980.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section:
13981
13982User Data
13983+++++++++
13984
13985Each hardware stage has a set of 32-bit physical SPI *user data registers*
13986(either 16 or 32 based on graphics IP and the stage) which can be
13987written from a command buffer and then loaded into SGPRs when waves are
13988launched via a subsequent dispatch or draw operation. This is the way
13989most arguments are passed from the application/runtime to a hardware
13990shader.
13991
13992PAL abstracts this functionality by exposing a set of 128 *user data
13993entries* per pipeline a client can use to pass arguments from a command
13994buffer to one or more shaders in that pipeline. The ELF code object must
13995specify a mapping from virtualized *user data entries* to physical *user
13996data registers*, and PAL is responsible for implementing that mapping,
13997including spilling overflow *user data entries* to memory if needed.
13998
13999Since the *user data registers* are GRBM-accessible SPI registers, this
14000mapping is actually embedded in the ``.registers`` metadata entry. For
14001most registers, the value in that map is a literal 32-bit value that
14002should be written to the register by the driver. However, when the
14003register is a *user data register* (any USER_DATA register e.g.,
14004SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_5), the value is instead an encoding that tells
14005the driver to write either a *user data entry* value or one of several
14006driver-internal values to the register. This encoding is described in
14007the following table:
14008
14009.. note::
14010
14011  Currently, *user data registers* 0 and 1 (e.g., SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_0,
14012  and SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_1) are reserved. *User data register* 0 must
14013  always be programmed to the address of the GlobalTable, and *user data
14014  register* 1 must always be programmed to the address of the PerShaderTable.
14015
14016..
14017
14018  .. table:: AMDPAL User Data Mapping
14019     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-mapping-table
14020
14021     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14022     Value       Name               Description
14023     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14024     0..127      *User Data Entry*  32-bit value of user_data_entry[N] as specified via *CmdSetUserData()*
14025     0x10000000  GlobalTable        32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the global internal table (should
14026                                    always point to *user data register* 0).
14027     0x10000001  PerShaderTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader internal table. See
14028                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section`
14029                                    for more detail (should always point to *user data register* 1).
14030     0x10000002  SpillTable         32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the user data spill table. See
14031                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section` for
14032                                    more detail.
14033     0x10000003  BaseVertex         Vertex offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Not needed if the pipeline doesn't
14034                                    reference the draw index in the vertex shader. Only supported by the first
14035                                    stage in a graphics pipeline.
14036     0x10000004  BaseInstance       Instance offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in
14037                                    a graphics pipeline.
14038     0x10000005  DrawIndex          Draw index (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in a
14039                                    graphics pipeline.
14040     0x10000006  Workgroup          Thread group count (32-bit unsigned integer). Low half of a 64-bit address of
14041                                    a buffer containing the grid dimensions for a Compute dispatch operation. The
14042                                    high half of the address is stored in the next sequential user-SGPR. Only
14043                                    supported by compute pipelines.
14044     0x1000000A  EsGsLdsSize        Indicates that PAL will program this user-SGPR to contain the amount of LDS
14045                                    space used for the ES/GS pseudo-ring-buffer for passing data between shader
14046                                    stages.
14047     0x1000000B  ViewId             View id (32-bit unsigned integer) identifies a view of graphic
14048                                    pipeline instancing.
14049     0x1000000C  StreamOutTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the stream out target SRD table.  This
14050                                    can only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14051     0x1000000D  PerShaderPerfData  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader performance data buffer.
14052     0x1000000F  VertexBufferTable  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the vertex buffer SRD table.  This can
14053                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14054     0x10000010  UavExportTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the UAV export SRD table.  This can
14055                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline (PS). These replace color targets
14056                                    and are completely separate from any UAVs used by the shader. This is optional,
14057                                    and only used by the PS when UAV exports are used to replace color-target
14058                                    exports to optimize specific shaders.
14059     0x10000011  NggCullingData     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the hardware register data needed by
14060                                    some NGG pipelines to perform culling.  This value contains the address of the
14061                                    first of two consecutive registers which provide the full GPU address.
14062     0x10000015  FetchShaderPtr     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the fetch shader subroutine.
14063     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14064
14065.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section:
14066
14067Per-Shader Table
14068################
14069
14070Low 32 bits of the GPU address for an optional buffer in the ``.data``
14071section of the ELF. The high 32 bits of the address match the high 32 bits
14072of the shader's program counter.
14073
14074The buffer can be anything the shader compiler needs it for, and
14075allows each shader to have its own region of the ``.data`` section.
14076Typically, this could be a table of buffer SRD's and the data pointed to
14077by the buffer SRD's, but it could be a flat-address region of memory as
14078well. Its layout and usage are defined by the shader compiler.
14079
14080Each shader's table in the ``.data`` section is referenced by the symbol
14081``_amdgpu_``\ *xs*\ ``_shdr_intrl_data``  where *xs* corresponds with the
14082hardware shader stage the data is for. E.g.,
14083``_amdgpu_cs_shdr_intrl_data`` for the compute shader hardware stage.
14084
14085.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section:
14086
14087Spill Table
14088###########
14089
14090It is possible for a hardware shader to need access to more *user data
14091entries* than there are slots available in user data registers for one
14092or more hardware shader stages. In that case, the PAL runtime expects
14093the necessary *user data entries* to be spilled to GPU memory and use
14094one user data register to point to the spilled user data memory. The
14095value of the *user data entry* must then represent the location where
14096a shader expects to read the low 32-bits of the table's GPU virtual
14097address. The *spill table* itself represents a set of 32-bit values
14098managed by the PAL runtime in GPU-accessible memory that can be made
14099indirectly accessible to a hardware shader.
14100
14101Unspecified OS
14102--------------
14103
14104This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
14105empty (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
14106
14107Trap Handler ABI
14108~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14109
14110For code objects generated by AMDGPU backend for non-amdhsa OS, the runtime does
14111not install a trap handler. The ``llvm.trap`` and ``llvm.debugtrap``
14112instructions are handled as follows:
14113
14114  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for Non-AMDHSA OS
14115     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-non-amdhsa-os-table
14116
14117     =============== =============== ===========================================
14118     Usage           Code Sequence   Description
14119     =============== =============== ===========================================
14120     llvm.trap       s_endpgm        Causes wavefront to be terminated.
14121     llvm.debugtrap  *none*          Compiler warning given that there is no
14122                                     trap handler installed.
14123     =============== =============== ===========================================
14124
14125Source Languages
14126================
14127
14128.. _amdgpu-opencl:
14129
14130OpenCL
14131------
14132
14133When the language is OpenCL the following differences occur:
14134
141351. The OpenCL memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
141362. The AMDGPU backend appends additional arguments to the kernel's explicit
14137   arguments for the AMDHSA OS (see
14138   :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
141393. Additional metadata is generated
14140   (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`).
14141
14142  .. table:: OpenCL kernel implicit arguments appended for AMDHSA OS
14143     :name: opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table
14144
14145     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14146     Position Byte Byte      Description
14147              Size Alignment
14148     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14149     1        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset X
14150     2        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Y
14151     3        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Z
14152     4        8    8         OpenCL address of printf buffer
14153     5        8    8         OpenCL address of virtual queue used by
14154                             enqueue_kernel.
14155     6        8    8         OpenCL address of AqlWrap struct used by
14156                             enqueue_kernel.
14157     7        8    8         Pointer argument used for Multi-gird
14158                             synchronization.
14159     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14160
14161.. _amdgpu-hcc:
14162
14163HCC
14164---
14165
14166When the language is HCC the following differences occur:
14167
141681. The HSA memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
14169
14170.. _amdgpu-assembler:
14171
14172Assembler
14173---------
14174
14175AMDGPU backend has LLVM-MC based assembler which is currently in development.
14176It supports AMDGCN GFX6-GFX10.
14177
14178This section describes general syntax for instructions and operands.
14179
14180Instructions
14181~~~~~~~~~~~~
14182
14183An instruction has the following :doc:`syntax<AMDGPUInstructionSyntax>`:
14184
14185  | ``<``\ *opcode*\ ``> <``\ *operand0*\ ``>, <``\ *operand1*\ ``>,...
14186    <``\ *modifier0*\ ``> <``\ *modifier1*\ ``>...``
14187
14188:doc:`Operands<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>` are comma-separated while
14189:doc:`modifiers<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>` are space-separated.
14190
14191The order of operands and modifiers is fixed.
14192Most modifiers are optional and may be omitted.
14193
14194Links to detailed instruction syntax description may be found in the following
14195table. Note that features under development are not included
14196in this description.
14197
14198    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14199    Architecture  Core ISA                                      ISA Variants and Extensions
14200    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14201    GCN 2         :doc:`GFX7<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7>`             \-
14202    GCN 3, GCN 4  :doc:`GFX8<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8>`             \-
14203    GCN 5         :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx900<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14204
14205                                                                :doc:`gfx902<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14206
14207                                                                :doc:`gfx904<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904>`
14208
14209                                                                :doc:`gfx906<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906>`
14210
14211                                                                :doc:`gfx909<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14212
14213    CDNA 1        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx908<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908>`
14214    CDNA 2        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx90a<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a>`
14215    RDNA 1        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA1<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`     :doc:`gfx1010<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`
14216
14217                                                                :doc:`gfx1011<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14218
14219                                                                :doc:`gfx1012<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14220
14221                                                                :doc:`gfx1013<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1013>`
14222
14223    RDNA 2        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA2<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`   :doc:`gfx1030<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14224
14225                                                                :doc:`gfx1031<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14226
14227                                                                :doc:`gfx1032<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14228
14229                                                                :doc:`gfx1033<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14230
14231                                                                :doc:`gfx1034<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14232
14233                                                                :doc:`gfx1035<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14234
14235                                                                :doc:`gfx1036<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14236    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14237
14238For more information about instructions, their semantics and supported
14239combinations of operands, refer to one of instruction set architecture manuals
14240[AMD-GCN-GFX6]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_,
14241[AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_,
14242[AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_ and
14243[AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_.
14244
14245Operands
14246~~~~~~~~
14247
14248Detailed description of operands may be found :doc:`here<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>`.
14249
14250Modifiers
14251~~~~~~~~~
14252
14253Detailed description of modifiers may be found
14254:doc:`here<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>`.
14255
14256Instruction Examples
14257~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14258
14259DS
14260++
14261
14262.. code-block:: nasm
14263
14264  ds_add_u32 v2, v4 offset:16
14265  ds_write_src2_b64 v2 offset0:4 offset1:8
14266  ds_cmpst_f32 v2, v4, v6
14267  ds_min_rtn_f64 v[8:9], v2, v[4:5]
14268
14269For full list of supported instructions, refer to "LDS/GDS instructions" in ISA
14270Manual.
14271
14272FLAT
14273++++
14274
14275.. code-block:: nasm
14276
14277  flat_load_dword v1, v[3:4]
14278  flat_store_dwordx3 v[3:4], v[5:7]
14279  flat_atomic_swap v1, v[3:4], v5 glc
14280  flat_atomic_cmpswap v1, v[3:4], v[5:6] glc slc
14281  flat_atomic_fmax_x2 v[1:2], v[3:4], v[5:6] glc
14282
14283For full list of supported instructions, refer to "FLAT instructions" in ISA
14284Manual.
14285
14286MUBUF
14287+++++
14288
14289.. code-block:: nasm
14290
14291  buffer_load_dword v1, off, s[4:7], s1
14292  buffer_store_dwordx4 v[1:4], v2, ttmp[4:7], s1 offen offset:4 glc tfe
14293  buffer_store_format_xy v[1:2], off, s[4:7], s1
14294  buffer_wbinvl1
14295  buffer_atomic_inc v1, v2, s[8:11], s4 idxen offset:4 slc
14296
14297For full list of supported instructions, refer to "MUBUF Instructions" in ISA
14298Manual.
14299
14300SMRD/SMEM
14301+++++++++
14302
14303.. code-block:: nasm
14304
14305  s_load_dword s1, s[2:3], 0xfc
14306  s_load_dwordx8 s[8:15], s[2:3], s4
14307  s_load_dwordx16 s[88:103], s[2:3], s4
14308  s_dcache_inv_vol
14309  s_memtime s[4:5]
14310
14311For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Scalar Memory Operations" in
14312ISA Manual.
14313
14314SOP1
14315++++
14316
14317.. code-block:: nasm
14318
14319  s_mov_b32 s1, s2
14320  s_mov_b64 s[0:1], 0x80000000
14321  s_cmov_b32 s1, 200
14322  s_wqm_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14323  s_bcnt0_i32_b64 s1, s[2:3]
14324  s_swappc_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14325  s_cbranch_join s[4:5]
14326
14327For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP1 Instructions" in ISA
14328Manual.
14329
14330SOP2
14331++++
14332
14333.. code-block:: nasm
14334
14335  s_add_u32 s1, s2, s3
14336  s_and_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s[6:7]
14337  s_cselect_b32 s1, s2, s3
14338  s_andn2_b32 s2, s4, s6
14339  s_lshr_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14340  s_ashr_i32 s2, s4, s6
14341  s_bfm_b64 s[2:3], s4, s6
14342  s_bfe_i64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14343  s_cbranch_g_fork s[4:5], s[6:7]
14344
14345For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP2 Instructions" in ISA
14346Manual.
14347
14348SOPC
14349++++
14350
14351.. code-block:: nasm
14352
14353  s_cmp_eq_i32 s1, s2
14354  s_bitcmp1_b32 s1, s2
14355  s_bitcmp0_b64 s[2:3], s4
14356  s_setvskip s3, s5
14357
14358For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPC Instructions" in ISA
14359Manual.
14360
14361SOPP
14362++++
14363
14364.. code-block:: nasm
14365
14366  s_barrier
14367  s_nop 2
14368  s_endpgm
14369  s_waitcnt 0 ; Wait for all counters to be 0
14370  s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & expcnt(0) & lgkmcnt(0) ; Equivalent to above
14371  s_waitcnt vmcnt(1) ; Wait for vmcnt counter to be 1.
14372  s_sethalt 9
14373  s_sleep 10
14374  s_sendmsg 0x1
14375  s_sendmsg sendmsg(MSG_INTERRUPT)
14376  s_trap 1
14377
14378For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPP Instructions" in ISA
14379Manual.
14380
14381Unless otherwise mentioned, little verification is performed on the operands
14382of SOPP Instructions, so it is up to the programmer to be familiar with the
14383range or acceptable values.
14384
14385VALU
14386++++
14387
14388For vector ALU instruction opcodes (VOP1, VOP2, VOP3, VOPC, VOP_DPP, VOP_SDWA),
14389the assembler will automatically use optimal encoding based on its operands. To
14390force specific encoding, one can add a suffix to the opcode of the instruction:
14391
14392* _e32 for 32-bit VOP1/VOP2/VOPC
14393* _e64 for 64-bit VOP3
14394* _dpp for VOP_DPP
14395* _sdwa for VOP_SDWA
14396
14397VOP1/VOP2/VOP3/VOPC examples:
14398
14399.. code-block:: nasm
14400
14401  v_mov_b32 v1, v2
14402  v_mov_b32_e32 v1, v2
14403  v_nop
14404  v_cvt_f64_i32_e32 v[1:2], v2
14405  v_floor_f32_e32 v1, v2
14406  v_bfrev_b32_e32 v1, v2
14407  v_add_f32_e32 v1, v2, v3
14408  v_mul_i32_i24_e64 v1, v2, 3
14409  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -3, v3
14410  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -100, v3
14411  v_addc_u32 v1, s[0:1], v2, v3, s[2:3]
14412  v_max_f16_e32 v1, v2, v3
14413
14414VOP_DPP examples:
14415
14416.. code-block:: nasm
14417
14418  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[0,2,1,1]
14419  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14420  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 wave_shl:1
14421  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_mirror
14422  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_bcast:31
14423  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[1,3,0,1] row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14424  v_add_f32 v0, v0, |v0| row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14425  v_max_f16 v1, v2, v3 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14426
14427VOP_SDWA examples:
14428
14429.. code-block:: nasm
14430
14431  v_mov_b32 v1, v2 dst_sel:BYTE_0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PRESERVE src0_sel:DWORD
14432  v_min_u32 v200, v200, v1 dst_sel:WORD_1 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:BYTE_1 src1_sel:DWORD
14433  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14434  v_fract_f32 v0, |v0| dst_sel:DWORD dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14435  v_cmpx_le_u32 vcc, v1, v2 src0_sel:BYTE_2 src1_sel:WORD_0
14436
14437For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Vector ALU instructions".
14438
14439.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v2:
14440
14441Code Object V2 Predefined Symbols
14442~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14443
14444.. warning::
14445  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14446  this version of LLVM.
14447
14448The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14449symbols do not affect code generation.
14450
14451.option.machine_version_major
14452+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14453
14454Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14455example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14456value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14457:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14458
14459.option.machine_version_minor
14460+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14461
14462Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14463example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14464value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14465:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14466
14467.option.machine_version_stepping
14468++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14469
14470Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14471For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14472integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14473in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14474
14475.kernel.vgpr_count
14476++++++++++++++++++
14477
14478Set to zero each time a
14479:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14480encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14481than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14482instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that VGPR number plus
14483one.
14484
14485.kernel.sgpr_count
14486++++++++++++++++++
14487
14488Set to zero each time a
14489:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14490encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14491than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14492instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that SGPR number plus
14493one.
14494
14495.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v2:
14496
14497Code Object V2 Directives
14498~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14499
14500.. warning::
14501  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14502  this version of LLVM.
14503
14504AMDGPU ABI defines auxiliary data in output code object. In assembly source,
14505one can specify them with assembler directives.
14506
14507.hsa_code_object_version major, minor
14508+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14509
14510*major* and *minor* are integers that specify the version of the HSA code
14511object that will be generated by the assembler.
14512
14513.hsa_code_object_isa [major, minor, stepping, vendor, arch]
14514+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14515
14516
14517*major*, *minor*, and *stepping* are all integers that describe the instruction
14518set architecture (ISA) version of the assembly program.
14519
14520*vendor* and *arch* are quoted strings. *vendor* should always be equal to
14521"AMD" and *arch* should always be equal to "AMDGPU".
14522
14523By default, the assembler will derive the ISA version, *vendor*, and *arch*
14524from the value of the -mcpu option that is passed to the assembler.
14525
14526.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel:
14527
14528.amdgpu_hsa_kernel (name)
14529+++++++++++++++++++++++++
14530
14531This directives specifies that the symbol with given name is a kernel entry
14532point (label) and the object should contain corresponding symbol of type
14533STT_AMDGPU_HSA_KERNEL.
14534
14535.amd_kernel_code_t
14536++++++++++++++++++
14537
14538This directive marks the beginning of a list of key / value pairs that are used
14539to specify the amd_kernel_code_t object that will be emitted by the assembler.
14540The list must be terminated by the *.end_amd_kernel_code_t* directive. For any
14541amd_kernel_code_t values that are unspecified a default value will be used. The
14542default value for all keys is 0, with the following exceptions:
14543
14544- *amd_code_version_major* defaults to 1.
14545- *amd_kernel_code_version_minor* defaults to 2.
14546- *amd_machine_kind* defaults to 1.
14547- *amd_machine_version_major*, *machine_version_minor*, and
14548  *amd_machine_version_stepping* are derived from the value of the -mcpu option
14549  that is passed to the assembler.
14550- *kernel_code_entry_byte_offset* defaults to 256.
14551- *wavefront_size* defaults 6 for all targets before GFX10. For GFX10 onwards
14552  defaults to 6 if target feature ``wavefrontsize64`` is enabled, otherwise 5.
14553  Note that wavefront size is specified as a power of two, so a value of **n**
14554  means a size of 2^ **n**.
14555- *call_convention* defaults to -1.
14556- *kernarg_segment_alignment*, *group_segment_alignment*, and
14557  *private_segment_alignment* default to 4. Note that alignments are specified
14558  as a power of 2, so a value of **n** means an alignment of 2^ **n**.
14559- *enable_tg_split* defaults to 1 if target feature ``tgsplit`` is enabled for
14560  GFX90A onwards.
14561- *enable_wgp_mode* defaults to 1 if target feature ``cumode`` is disabled for
14562  GFX10 onwards.
14563- *enable_mem_ordered* defaults to 1 for GFX10 onwards.
14564
14565The *.amd_kernel_code_t* directive must be placed immediately after the
14566function label and before any instructions.
14567
14568For a full list of amd_kernel_code_t keys, refer to AMDGPU ABI document,
14569comments in lib/Target/AMDGPU/AmdKernelCodeT.h and test/CodeGen/AMDGPU/hsa.s.
14570
14571.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v2:
14572
14573Code Object V2 Example Source Code
14574~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14575
14576.. warning::
14577  Code Object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14578  this version of LLVM.
14579
14580Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14581
14582.. code::
14583   :number-lines:
14584
14585   .hsa_code_object_version 1,0
14586   .hsa_code_object_isa
14587
14588   .hsatext
14589   .globl  hello_world
14590   .p2align 8
14591   .amdgpu_hsa_kernel hello_world
14592
14593   hello_world:
14594
14595      .amd_kernel_code_t
14596         enable_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr = 1
14597         is_ptr64 = 1
14598         compute_pgm_rsrc1_vgprs = 0
14599         compute_pgm_rsrc1_sgprs = 0
14600         compute_pgm_rsrc2_user_sgpr = 2
14601         compute_pgm_rsrc1_wgp_mode = 0
14602         compute_pgm_rsrc1_mem_ordered = 0
14603         compute_pgm_rsrc1_fwd_progress = 1
14604     .end_amd_kernel_code_t
14605
14606     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14607     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14608     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14609     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14610     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14611     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14612     s_endpgm
14613   .Lfunc_end0:
14614        .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14615
14616.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v3-onwards:
14617
14618Code Object V3 and Above Predefined Symbols
14619~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14620
14621The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14622symbols do not affect code generation.
14623
14624.amdgcn.gfx_generation_number
14625+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14626
14627Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14628example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14629value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14630:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14631
14632.amdgcn.gfx_generation_minor
14633++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14634
14635Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14636example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14637value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14638:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14639
14640.amdgcn.gfx_generation_stepping
14641+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14642
14643Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14644For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14645integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14646in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14647
14648.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr:
14649
14650.amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14651++++++++++++++++++++++
14652
14653Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14654of this symbol is less than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly
14655referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14656that VGPR number plus one.
14657
14658May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr` directive in
14659:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14660
14661May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14662
14663.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr:
14664
14665.amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14666++++++++++++++++++++++
14667
14668Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14669of this symbol is less than or equal the maximum SGPR number explicitly
14670referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14671that SGPR number plus one.
14672
14673May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_spgr` directive in
14674:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14675
14676May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14677
14678.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v3-onwards:
14679
14680Code Object V3 and Above Directives
14681~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14682
14683Directives which begin with ``.amdgcn`` are valid for all ``amdgcn``
14684architecture processors, and are not OS-specific. Directives which begin with
14685``.amdhsa`` are specific to ``amdgcn`` architecture processors when the
14686``amdhsa`` OS is specified. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and
14687:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14688
14689.. _amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target:
14690
14691.amdgcn_target <target-triple> "-" <target-id>
14692++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14693
14694Optional directive which declares the ``<target-triple>-<target-id>`` supported
14695by the containing assembler source file. Used by the assembler to validate
14696command-line options such as ``-triple``, ``-mcpu``, and
14697``--offload-arch=<target-id>``. A non-canonical target ID is allowed. See
14698:ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
14699
14700.. note::
14701
14702  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for this directive differs
14703  from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
14704
14705.amdhsa_kernel <name>
14706+++++++++++++++++++++
14707
14708Creates a correctly aligned AMDHSA kernel descriptor and a symbol,
14709``<name>.kd``, in the current location of the current section. Only valid when
14710the OS is ``amdhsa``. ``<name>`` must be a symbol that labels the first
14711instruction to execute, and does not need to be previously defined.
14712
14713Marks the beginning of a list of directives used to generate the bytes of a
14714kernel descriptor, as described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
14715Directives which may appear in this list are described in
14716:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`. Directives may appear in any order, must
14717be valid for the target being assembled for, and cannot be repeated. Directives
14718support the range of values specified by the field they reference in
14719:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. If a directive is not specified, it is
14720assumed to have its default value, unless it is marked as "Required", in which
14721case it is an error to omit the directive. This list of directives is
14722terminated by an ``.end_amdhsa_kernel`` directive.
14723
14724  .. table:: AMDHSA Kernel Assembler Directives
14725     :name: amdhsa-kernel-directives-table
14726
14727     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14728     Directive                                                Default             Supported On Description
14729     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14730     ``.amdhsa_group_segment_fixed_size``                     0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14731                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14732     ``.amdhsa_private_segment_fixed_size``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14733                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14734     ``.amdhsa_kernarg_size``                                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls KERNARG_SIZE in
14735                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14736     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_count``                              0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls USER_SGPR_COUNT in COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2
14737                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`
14738     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_buffer``             0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_BUFFER in
14739                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14740                                                                                  GFX940)
14741     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_ptr``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR in
14742                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14743     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_queue_ptr``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR in
14744                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14745     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr``                0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR in
14746                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14747     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_id``                        0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID in
14748                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14749     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_flat_scratch_init``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT in
14750                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14751                                                                                  GFX940)
14752     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_size``               0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_SIZE in
14753                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14754     ``.amdhsa_wavefront_size32``                             Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32 in
14755                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14756                                                              Specific
14757                                                              (wavefrontsize64)
14758     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_private_segment_wavefront_offset`` 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14759                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14760                                                                                  GFX940)
14761     ``.amdhsa_enable_private_segment``                       0                   GFX940       Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14762                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14763     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_x``                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X in
14764                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14765     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_y``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y in
14766                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14767     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_z``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z in
14768                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14769     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_info``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO in
14770                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14771     ``.amdhsa_system_vgpr_workitem_id``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID in
14772                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14773                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14774                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`.
14775     ``.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14776                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT in
14777                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14778     ``.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum SGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14779                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14780                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14781     ``.amdhsa_accum_offset``                                 Required            GFX90A,      Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file.
14782                                                                                  GFX940       Used to calculate ACCUM_OFFSET in
14783                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14784     ``.amdhsa_reserve_vcc``                                  1                   GFX6-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use the special VCC SGPR.
14785                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14786                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14787     ``.amdhsa_reserve_flat_scratch``                         1                   GFX7-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use flat instructions to access
14788                                                                                  (except      scratch memory. Used to calculate
14789                                                                                  GFX940)      GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14790                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14791     ``.amdhsa_reserve_xnack_mask``                           Target              GFX8-GFX10   Whether the kernel may trigger XNACK replay.
14792                                                              Feature                          Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14793                                                              Specific                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14794                                                              (xnack)
14795     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_32``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32 in
14796                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14797                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14798                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14799     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_16_64``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64 in
14800                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14801                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14802                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14803     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_32``                         0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32 in
14804                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14805                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14806                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14807     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_16_64``                      3                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64 in
14808                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14809                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14810                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14811     ``.amdhsa_dx10_clamp``                                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP in
14812                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14813     ``.amdhsa_ieee_mode``                                    1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_IEEE_MODE in
14814                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14815     ``.amdhsa_fp16_overflow``                                0                   GFX9-GFX10   Controls FP16_OVFL in
14816                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14817     ``.amdhsa_tg_split``                                     Target              GFX90A,      Controls TG_SPLIT in
14818                                                              Feature             GFX940       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14819                                                              Specific
14820                                                              (tgsplit)
14821     ``.amdhsa_workgroup_processor_mode``                     Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WGP_MODE in
14822                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14823                                                              Specific
14824                                                              (cumode)
14825     ``.amdhsa_memory_ordered``                               1                   GFX10        Controls MEM_ORDERED in
14826                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14827     ``.amdhsa_forward_progress``                             0                   GFX10        Controls FWD_PROGRESS in
14828                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14829     ``.amdhsa_shared_vgpr_count``                            0                   GFX10        Controls SHARED_VGPR_COUNT in
14830                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
14831     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_invalid_op``                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INVALID_OPERATION in
14832                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14833     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_denorm_src``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL_SOURCE in
14834                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14835     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_div_zero``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_DIVISION_BY_ZERO in
14836                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14837     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_overflow``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_OVERFLOW in
14838                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14839     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_underflow``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_UNDERFLOW in
14840                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14841     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_inexact``                    0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INEXACT in
14842                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14843     ``.amdhsa_exception_int_div_zero``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO in
14844                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14845     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14846
14847.amdgpu_metadata
14848++++++++++++++++
14849
14850Optional directive which declares the contents of the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
14851note record (see :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards`).
14852
14853The contents must be in the [YAML]_ markup format, with the same structure and
14854semantics described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
14855:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` or
14856:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
14857
14858This directive is terminated by an ``.end_amdgpu_metadata`` directive.
14859
14860.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v3-onwards:
14861
14862Code Object V3 and Above Example Source Code
14863~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14864
14865Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14866
14867.. code::
14868   :number-lines:
14869
14870   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14871
14872   .text
14873   .globl hello_world
14874   .p2align 8
14875   .type hello_world,@function
14876   hello_world:
14877     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14878     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14879     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14880     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14881     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14882     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14883     s_endpgm
14884   .Lfunc_end0:
14885     .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14886
14887   .rodata
14888   .p2align 6
14889   .amdhsa_kernel hello_world
14890     .amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr 1
14891     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14892     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14893   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14894
14895   .amdgpu_metadata
14896   ---
14897   amdhsa.version:
14898     - 1
14899     - 0
14900   amdhsa.kernels:
14901     - .name: hello_world
14902       .symbol: hello_world.kd
14903       .kernarg_segment_size: 48
14904       .group_segment_fixed_size: 0
14905       .private_segment_fixed_size: 0
14906       .kernarg_segment_align: 4
14907       .wavefront_size: 64
14908       .sgpr_count: 2
14909       .vgpr_count: 3
14910       .max_flat_workgroup_size: 256
14911       .args:
14912         - .size: 8
14913           .offset: 0
14914           .value_kind: global_buffer
14915           .address_space: global
14916           .actual_access: write_only
14917   //...
14918   .end_amdgpu_metadata
14919
14920This kernel is equivalent to the following HIP program:
14921
14922.. code::
14923   :number-lines:
14924
14925   __global__ void hello_world(float *p) {
14926       *p = 3.14159f;
14927   }
14928
14929If an assembly source file contains multiple kernels and/or functions, the
14930:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr` and
14931:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr` symbols may be reset using
14932the ``.set <symbol>, <expression>`` directive. For example, in the case of two
14933kernels, where ``function1`` is only called from ``kernel1`` it is sufficient
14934to group the function with the kernel that calls it and reset the symbols
14935between the two connected components:
14936
14937.. code::
14938   :number-lines:
14939
14940   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14941
14942   // gpr tracking symbols are implicitly set to zero
14943
14944   .text
14945   .globl kern0
14946   .p2align 8
14947   .type kern0,@function
14948   kern0:
14949     // ...
14950     s_endpgm
14951   .Lkern0_end:
14952     .size   kern0, .Lkern0_end-kern0
14953
14954   .rodata
14955   .p2align 6
14956   .amdhsa_kernel kern0
14957     // ...
14958     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14959     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14960   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14961
14962   // reset symbols to begin tracking usage in func1 and kern1
14963   .set .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr, 0
14964   .set .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr, 0
14965
14966   .text
14967   .hidden func1
14968   .global func1
14969   .p2align 2
14970   .type func1,@function
14971   func1:
14972     // ...
14973     s_setpc_b64 s[30:31]
14974   .Lfunc1_end:
14975   .size func1, .Lfunc1_end-func1
14976
14977   .globl kern1
14978   .p2align 8
14979   .type kern1,@function
14980   kern1:
14981     // ...
14982     s_getpc_b64 s[4:5]
14983     s_add_u32 s4, s4, func1@rel32@lo+4
14984     s_addc_u32 s5, s5, func1@rel32@lo+4
14985     s_swappc_b64 s[30:31], s[4:5]
14986     // ...
14987     s_endpgm
14988   .Lkern1_end:
14989     .size   kern1, .Lkern1_end-kern1
14990
14991   .rodata
14992   .p2align 6
14993   .amdhsa_kernel kern1
14994     // ...
14995     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14996     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14997   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14998
14999These symbols cannot identify connected components in order to automatically
15000track the usage for each kernel. However, in some cases careful organization of
15001the kernels and functions in the source file means there is minimal additional
15002effort required to accurately calculate GPR usage.
15003
15004Additional Documentation
15005========================
15006
15007.. [AMD-GCN-GFX6] `AMD Southern Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/12/AMD_Southern_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15008.. [AMD-GCN-GFX7] `AMD Sea Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/07/AMD_Sea_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`_
15009.. [AMD-GCN-GFX8] `AMD GCN3 Instruction Set Architecture <http://amd-dev.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf>`__
15010.. [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA] `AMD Vega Instruction Set Architecture <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/Vega_Shader_ISA_28July2017.pdf>`__
15011.. [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM] `AMD Vega 7nm Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Vega_7nm_Shader_ISA_26November2019.pdf>`__
15012.. [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1] `AMD Instinct MI100 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA1_Shader_ISA_14December2020.pdf>`__
15013.. [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2] `AMD Instinct MI200 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA2_Shader_ISA_4February2022.pdf>`__
15014.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1] `AMD RDNA 1.0 Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/RDNA_Shader_ISA_5August2019.pdf>`__
15015.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2] `AMD RDNA 2 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/RDNA2_Shader_ISA_November2020.pdf>`__
15016.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000] `AMD R6xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R600_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15017.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000] `AMD R7xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R700-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15018.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000] `AMD Evergreen shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_Evergreen-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15019.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000] `AMD Cayman/Trinity shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_HD_6900_Series_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15020.. [AMD-ROCm] `AMD ROCm™ Platform <https://rocmdocs.amd.com/>`__
15021.. [AMD-ROCm-github] `AMD ROCm™ github <http://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute>`__
15022.. [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes] `AMD ROCm Release Notes <https://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm>`__
15023.. [CLANG-ATTR] `Attributes in Clang <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html>`__
15024.. [DWARF] `DWARF Debugging Information Format <http://dwarfstd.org/>`__
15025.. [ELF] `Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) <http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/>`__
15026.. [HRF] `Heterogeneous-race-free Memory Models <http://benedictgaster.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/asplos269-FINAL.pdf>`__
15027.. [HSA] `Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) Foundation <http://www.hsafoundation.com/>`__
15028.. [MsgPack] `Message Pack <http://www.msgpack.org/>`__
15029.. [OpenCL] `The OpenCL Specification Version 2.0 <http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/specs/opencl-2.0.pdf>`__
15030.. [SEMVER] `Semantic Versioning <https://semver.org/>`__
15031.. [YAML] `YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2 <http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html>`__
15032