1=============================
2User Guide for AMDGPU Backend
3=============================
4
5.. contents::
6   :local:
7
8.. toctree::
9   :hidden:
10
11   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7
12   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8
13   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9
14   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900
15   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904
16   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906
17   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908
18   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a
19   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10
20   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011
21   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1013
22   AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030
23   AMDGPUModifierSyntax
24   AMDGPUOperandSyntax
25   AMDGPUInstructionSyntax
26   AMDGPUInstructionNotation
27   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging
28   AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack/AMDGPUDwarfExtensionAllowLocationDescriptionOnTheDwarfExpressionStack
29
30Introduction
31============
32
33The AMDGPU backend provides ISA code generation for AMD GPUs, starting with the
34R600 family up until the current GCN families. It lives in the
35``llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU`` directory.
36
37LLVM
38====
39
40.. _amdgpu-target-triples:
41
42Target Triples
43--------------
44
45Use the Clang option ``-target <Architecture>-<Vendor>-<OS>-<Environment>``
46to specify the target triple:
47
48  .. table:: AMDGPU Architectures
49     :name: amdgpu-architecture-table
50
51     ============ ==============================================================
52     Architecture Description
53     ============ ==============================================================
54     ``r600``     AMD GPUs HD2XXX-HD6XXX for graphics and compute shaders.
55     ``amdgcn``   AMD GPUs GCN GFX6 onwards for graphics and compute shaders.
56     ============ ==============================================================
57
58  .. table:: AMDGPU Vendors
59     :name: amdgpu-vendor-table
60
61     ============ ==============================================================
62     Vendor       Description
63     ============ ==============================================================
64     ``amd``      Can be used for all AMD GPU usage.
65     ``mesa3d``   Can be used if the OS is ``mesa3d``.
66     ============ ==============================================================
67
68  .. table:: AMDGPU Operating Systems
69     :name: amdgpu-os
70
71     ============== ============================================================
72     OS             Description
73     ============== ============================================================
74     *<empty>*      Defaults to the *unknown* OS.
75     ``amdhsa``     Compute kernels executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes
76                    such as:
77
78                    - AMD's ROCm™ runtime [AMD-ROCm]_ using the *rocm-amdhsa*
79                      loader on Linux. See *AMD ROCm Platform Release Notes*
80                      [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes]_ for supported hardware and
81                      software.
82                    - AMD's PAL runtime using the *pal-amdhsa* loader on
83                      Windows.
84
85     ``amdpal``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's PAL
86                    runtime using the *pal-amdpal* loader on Windows and Linux
87                    Pro.
88     ``mesa3d``     Graphic shaders and compute kernels executed on AMD's Mesa
89                    3D runtime using the *mesa-mesa3d* loader on Linux.
90     ============== ============================================================
91
92  .. table:: AMDGPU Environments
93     :name: amdgpu-environment-table
94
95     ============ ==============================================================
96     Environment  Description
97     ============ ==============================================================
98     *<empty>*    Default.
99     ============ ==============================================================
100
101.. _amdgpu-processors:
102
103Processors
104----------
105
106Use the Clang options ``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>`` to
107specify the AMDGPU processor together with optional target features. See
108:ref:`amdgpu-target-id` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-features` for AMD GPU target
109specific information.
110
111Every processor supports every OS ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`) with the following exceptions:
112
113* ``amdhsa`` is not supported in ``r600`` architecture (see :ref:`amdgpu-architecture-table`).
114
115
116  .. table:: AMDGPU Processors
117     :name: amdgpu-processor-table
118
119     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
120     Processor   Alternative     Target       dGPU/ Target            Target          OS Support      Example
121                 Processor       Triple       APU   Features          Properties      *(see*          Products
122                                 Architecture       Supported                         `amdgpu-os`_
123                                                                                      *and
124                                                                                      corresponding
125                                                                                      runtime release
126                                                                                      notes for
127                                                                                      current
128                                                                                      information and
129                                                                                      level of
130                                                                                      support)*
131     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
132     **Radeon HD 2000/3000 Series (R600)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000]_
133     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134     ``r600``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
135                                                                        support
136                                                                        generic
137                                                                        address
138                                                                        space
139     ``r630``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
140                                                                        support
141                                                                        generic
142                                                                        address
143                                                                        space
144     ``rs880``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
145                                                                        support
146                                                                        generic
147                                                                        address
148                                                                        space
149     ``rv670``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
150                                                                        support
151                                                                        generic
152                                                                        address
153                                                                        space
154     **Radeon HD 4000 Series (R700)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000]_
155     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
156     ``rv710``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
157                                                                        support
158                                                                        generic
159                                                                        address
160                                                                        space
161     ``rv730``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
162                                                                        support
163                                                                        generic
164                                                                        address
165                                                                        space
166     ``rv770``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
167                                                                        support
168                                                                        generic
169                                                                        address
170                                                                        space
171     **Radeon HD 5000 Series (Evergreen)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000]_
172     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
173     ``cedar``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
174                                                                        support
175                                                                        generic
176                                                                        address
177                                                                        space
178     ``cypress``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
179                                                                        support
180                                                                        generic
181                                                                        address
182                                                                        space
183     ``juniper``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
184                                                                        support
185                                                                        generic
186                                                                        address
187                                                                        space
188     ``redwood``                 ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
189                                                                        support
190                                                                        generic
191                                                                        address
192                                                                        space
193     ``sumo``                    ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
194                                                                        support
195                                                                        generic
196                                                                        address
197                                                                        space
198     **Radeon HD 6000 Series (Northern Islands)** [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000]_
199     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
200     ``barts``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
201                                                                        support
202                                                                        generic
203                                                                        address
204                                                                        space
205     ``caicos``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
206                                                                        support
207                                                                        generic
208                                                                        address
209                                                                        space
210     ``cayman``                  ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
211                                                                        support
212                                                                        generic
213                                                                        address
214                                                                        space
215     ``turks``                   ``r600``     dGPU                    - Does not
216                                                                        support
217                                                                        generic
218                                                                        address
219                                                                        space
220     **GCN GFX6 (Southern Islands (SI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX6]_
221     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
222     ``gfx600``  - ``tahiti``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
223                                                                        support
224                                                                        generic
225                                                                        address
226                                                                        space
227     ``gfx601``  - ``pitcairn``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
228                 - ``verde``                                            support
229                                                                        generic
230                                                                        address
231                                                                        space
232     ``gfx602``  - ``hainan``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Does not      - *pal-amdpal*
233                 - ``oland``                                            support
234                                                                        generic
235                                                                        address
236                                                                        space
237     **GCN GFX7 (Sea Islands (CI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_
238     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
239     ``gfx700``  - ``kaveri``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-7000
240                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - A6 Pro-7050B
241                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-7100
242                                                                                                      - A8 Pro-7150B
243                                                                                                      - A10-7300
244                                                                                                      - A10 Pro-7350B
245                                                                                                      - FX-7500
246                                                                                                      - A8-7200P
247                                                                                                      - A10-7400P
248                                                                                                      - FX-7600P
249     ``gfx701``  - ``hawaii``    ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro W8100
250                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro W9100
251                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro S9150
252                                                                                                      - FirePro S9170
253     ``gfx702``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 290
254                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 290x
255                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R390
256                                                                                                      - Radeon R390x
257     ``gfx703``  - ``kabini``    ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - E1-2100
258                 - ``mullins``                                          flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - E1-2200
259                                                                        scratch                       - E1-2500
260                                                                                                      - E2-3000
261                                                                                                      - E2-3800
262                                                                                                      - A4-5000
263                                                                                                      - A4-5100
264                                                                                                      - A6-5200
265                                                                                                      - A4 Pro-3340B
266     ``gfx704``  - ``bonaire``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon HD 7790
267                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon HD 8770
268                                                                        scratch                       - R7 260
269                                                                                                      - R7 260X
270     ``gfx705``                  ``amdgcn``   APU                     - Offset        - *pal-amdhsa*  *TBA*
271                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdpal*
272                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
273
274                                                                                                        Add product
275                                                                                                        names.
276
277     **GCN GFX8 (Volcanic Islands (VI))** [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_
278     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
279     ``gfx801``  - ``carrizo``   ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - A6-8500P
280                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Pro A6-8500B
281                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - A8-8600P
282                                                                                                      - Pro A8-8600B
283                                                                                                      - FX-8800P
284                                                                                                      - Pro A12-8800B
285                                                                                                      - A10-8700P
286                                                                                                      - Pro A10-8700B
287                                                                                                      - A10-8780P
288                                                                                                      - A10-9600P
289                                                                                                      - A10-9630P
290                                                                                                      - A12-9700P
291                                                                                                      - A12-9730P
292                                                                                                      - FX-9800P
293                                                                                                      - FX-9830P
294                                                                                                      - E2-9010
295                                                                                                      - A6-9210
296                                                                                                      - A9-9410
297     ``gfx802``  - ``iceland``   ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 285
298                 - ``tonga``                                            flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 380
299                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 385
300     ``gfx803``  - ``fiji``      ``amdgcn``   dGPU                                    - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon R9 Nano
301                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon R9 Fury
302                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon R9 FuryX
303                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro Duo
304                                                                                                      - FirePro S9300x2
305                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI8
306     \           - ``polaris10`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 470
307                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 480
308                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Instinct MI6
309     \           - ``polaris11`` ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 460
310                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
311                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
312     ``gfx805``  - ``tongapro``  ``amdgcn``   dGPU                    - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* - FirePro S7150
313                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - FirePro S7100
314                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - FirePro W7100
315                                                                                                      - Mobile FirePro
316                                                                                                        M7170
317     ``gfx810``  - ``stoney``    ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Offset        - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
318                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
319                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
320
321                                                                                                        Add product
322                                                                                                        names.
323
324     **GCN GFX9 (Vega)** [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_ [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_
325     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
326     ``gfx900``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Vega
327                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*    Frontier Edition
328                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX Vega 56
329                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
330                                                                                                      - Radeon RX Vega 64
331                                                                                                        Liquid
332                                                                                                      - Radeon Instinct MI25
333     ``gfx902``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Ryzen 3 2200G
334                                                                        flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Ryzen 5 2400G
335                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
336     ``gfx904``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - xnack                           - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
337                                                                                      - *pal-amdhsa*
338                                                                                      - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
339
340                                                                                                        Add product
341                                                                                                        names.
342
343     ``gfx906``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Instinct MI50
344                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon Instinct MI60
345                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon VII
346                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro VII
347     ``gfx908``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc                         - *rocm-amdhsa* - AMD Instinct MI100 Accelerator
348                                                    - xnack           - Absolute
349                                                                        flat
350                                                                        scratch
351     ``gfx909``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
352                                                                        flat
353                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
354
355                                                                                                        Add product
356                                                                                                        names.
357
358     ``gfx90a``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
359                                                    - tgsplit           flat
360                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
361                                                                      - Packed
362                                                                        work-item                       Add product
363                                                                        IDs                             names.
364
365     ``gfx90c``                  ``amdgcn``   APU   - xnack           - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  - Ryzen 7 4700G
366                                                                        flat                          - Ryzen 7 4700GE
367                                                                        scratch                       - Ryzen 5 4600G
368                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 4600GE
369                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300G
370                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 4300GE
371                                                                                                      - Ryzen Pro 4000G
372                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4700G
373                                                                                                      - Ryzen 7 Pro 4750GE
374                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G
375                                                                                                      - Ryzen 5 Pro 4650GE
376                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G
377                                                                                                      - Ryzen 3 Pro 4350GE
378
379     ``gfx940``                  ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - sramecc         - Architected                   *TBA*
380                                                    - tgsplit           flat
381                                                    - xnack             scratch                       .. TODO::
382                                                                      - Packed
383                                                                        work-item                       Add product
384                                                                        IDs                             names.
385
386     **GCN GFX10.1 (RDNA 1)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_
387     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
388     ``gfx1010``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5700
389                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5700 XT
390                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon Pro 5600 XT
391                                                                                                      - Radeon Pro 5600M
392     ``gfx1011``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode                          - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon Pro V520
393                                                    - wavefrontsize64 - Absolute      - *pal-amdhsa*
394                                                    - xnack             flat          - *pal-amdpal*
395                                                                        scratch
396     ``gfx1012``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 5500
397                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 5500 XT
398                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
399     ``gfx1013``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
400                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
401                                                    - xnack             scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
402
403                                                                                                        Add product
404                                                                                                        names.
405
406     **GCN GFX10.3 (RDNA 2)** [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_
407     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
408     ``gfx1030``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6800
409                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*  - Radeon RX 6800 XT
410                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  - Radeon RX 6900 XT
411     ``gfx1031``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* - Radeon RX 6700 XT
412                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
413                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*
414     ``gfx1032``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *rocm-amdhsa* *TBA*
415                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat          - *pal-amdhsa*
416                                                                        scratch       - *pal-amdpal*  .. TODO::
417
418                                                                                                        Add product
419                                                                                                        names.
420
421     ``gfx1033``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
422                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
423                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
424
425                                                                                                        Add product
426                                                                                                        names.
427     ``gfx1034``                 ``amdgcn``   dGPU  - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
428                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
429                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
430
431                                                                                                        Add product
432                                                                                                        names.
433
434     ``gfx1035``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
435                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
436                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
437                                                                                                        Add product
438                                                                                                        names.
439
440     ``gfx1036``                 ``amdgcn``   APU   - cumode          - Absolute      - *pal-amdpal*  *TBA*
441                                                    - wavefrontsize64   flat
442                                                                        scratch                       .. TODO::
443
444                                                                                                        Add product
445                                                                                                        names.
446
447     =========== =============== ============ ===== ================= =============== =============== ======================
448
449.. _amdgpu-target-features:
450
451Target Features
452---------------
453
454Target features control how code is generated to support certain
455processor specific features. Not all target features are supported by
456all processors. The runtime must ensure that the features supported by
457the device used to execute the code match the features enabled when
458generating the code. A mismatch of features may result in incorrect
459execution, or a reduction in performance.
460
461The target features supported by each processor is listed in
462:ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`.
463
464Target features are controlled by exactly one of the following Clang
465options:
466
467``-mcpu=<target-id>`` or ``--offload-arch=<target-id>``
468
469  The ``-mcpu`` and ``--offload-arch`` can specify the target feature as
470  optional components of the target ID. If omitted, the target feature has the
471  ``any`` value. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
472
473``-m[no-]<target-feature>``
474
475  Target features not specified by the target ID are specified using a
476  separate option. These target features can have an ``on`` or ``off``
477  value.  ``on`` is specified by omitting the ``no-`` prefix, and
478  ``off`` is specified by including the ``no-`` prefix. The default
479  if not specified is ``off``.
480
481For example:
482
483``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack+``
484  Enable the ``xnack`` feature.
485``-mcpu=gfx908:xnack-``
486  Disable the ``xnack`` feature.
487``-mcumode``
488  Enable the ``cumode`` feature.
489``-mno-cumode``
490  Disable the ``cumode`` feature.
491
492  .. table:: AMDGPU Target Features
493     :name: amdgpu-target-features-table
494
495     =============== ============================ ==================================================
496     Target Feature  Clang Option to Control      Description
497     Name
498     =============== ============================ ==================================================
499     cumode          - ``-m[no-]cumode``          Control the wavefront execution mode used
500                                                  when generating code for kernels. When disabled
501                                                  native WGP wavefront execution mode is used,
502                                                  when enabled CU wavefront execution mode is used
503                                                  (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
504
505     sramecc         - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
506                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
507                                                  matching setting for SRAMECC.
508
509                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
510                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
511                                                  with SRAMECC enabled.
512
513                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
514                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
515                                                  with either setting of SRAMECC.
516
517     tgsplit           ``-m[no-]tgsplit``         Enable/disable generating code that assumes
518                                                  work-groups are launched in threadgroup split mode.
519                                                  When enabled the waves of a work-group may be
520                                                  launched in different CUs.
521
522     wavefrontsize64 - ``-m[no-]wavefrontsize64`` Control the wavefront size used when
523                                                  generating code for kernels. When disabled
524                                                  native wavefront size 32 is used, when enabled
525                                                  wavefront size 64 is used.
526
527     xnack           - ``-mcpu``                  If specified, generate code that can only be
528                     - ``--offload-arch``         loaded and executed in a process that has a
529                                                  matching setting for XNACK replay.
530
531                                                  If not specified for code object V2 to V3, generate
532                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
533                                                  with XNACK replay enabled.
534
535                                                  If not specified for code object V4 or above, generate
536                                                  code that can be loaded and executed in a process
537                                                  with either setting of XNACK replay.
538
539                                                  XNACK replay can be used for demand paging and
540                                                  page migration. If enabled in the device, then if
541                                                  a page fault occurs the code may execute
542                                                  incorrectly unless generated with XNACK replay
543                                                  enabled, or generated for code object V4 or above without
544                                                  specifying XNACK replay. Executing code that was
545                                                  generated with XNACK replay enabled, or generated
546                                                  for code object V4 or above without specifying XNACK replay,
547                                                  on a device that does not have XNACK replay
548                                                  enabled will execute correctly but may be less
549                                                  performant than code generated for XNACK replay
550                                                  disabled.
551     =============== ============================ ==================================================
552
553.. _amdgpu-target-id:
554
555Target ID
556---------
557
558AMDGPU supports target IDs. See `Clang Offload Bundler
559<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ for a general
560description. The AMDGPU target specific information is:
561
562**processor**
563  Is an AMDGPU processor or alternative processor name specified in
564  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. The non-canonical form target ID allows both
565  the primary processor and alternative processor names. The canonical form
566  target ID only allow the primary processor name.
567
568**target-feature**
569  Is a target feature name specified in :ref:`amdgpu-target-features-table` that
570  is supported by the processor. The target features supported by each processor
571  is specified in :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`. Those that can be specified in
572  a target ID are marked as being controlled by ``-mcpu`` and
573  ``--offload-arch``. Each target feature must appear at most once in a target
574  ID. The non-canonical form target ID allows the target features to be
575  specified in any order. The canonical form target ID requires the target
576  features to be specified in alphabetic order.
577
578.. _amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3:
579
580Code Object V2 to V3 Target ID
581~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
582
583The target ID syntax for code object V2 to V3 is the same as defined in `Clang
584Offload Bundler <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_ except
585when used in the :ref:`amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target` assembler
586directive and the bundle entry ID. In those cases it has the following BNF
587syntax:
588
589.. code::
590
591  <target-id> ::== <processor> ( "+" <target-feature> )*
592
593Where a target feature is omitted if *Off* and present if *On* or *Any*.
594
595.. note::
596
597  The code object V2 to V3 cannot represent *Any* and treats it the same as
598  *On*.
599
600.. _amdgpu-embedding-bundled-objects:
601
602Embedding Bundled Code Objects
603------------------------------
604
605AMDGPU supports the HIP and OpenMP languages that perform code object embedding
606as described in `Clang Offload Bundler
607<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangOffloadBundler.html>`_.
608
609.. note::
610
611  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for a bundle entry ID
612  differs from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
613
614.. _amdgpu-address-spaces:
615
616Address Spaces
617--------------
618
619The AMDGPU architecture supports a number of memory address spaces. The address
620space names use the OpenCL standard names, with some additions.
621
622The AMDGPU address spaces correspond to target architecture specific LLVM
623address space numbers used in LLVM IR.
624
625The AMDGPU address spaces are described in
626:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces-table`. Only 64-bit process address spaces are
627supported for the ``amdgcn`` target.
628
629  .. table:: AMDGPU Address Spaces
630     :name: amdgpu-address-spaces-table
631
632     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
633     ..                                                                                     64-Bit Process Address Space
634     --------------------------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------------------------
635     Address Space Name                LLVM IR Address HSA Segment Hardware         Address NULL Value
636                                       Space Number    Name        Name             Size
637     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
638     Generic                           0               flat        flat             64      0x0000000000000000
639     Global                            1               global      global           64      0x0000000000000000
640     Region                            2               N/A         GDS              32      *not implemented for AMDHSA*
641     Local                             3               group       LDS              32      0xFFFFFFFF
642     Constant                          4               constant    *same as global* 64      0x0000000000000000
643     Private                           5               private     scratch          32      0xFFFFFFFF
644     Constant 32-bit                   6               *TODO*                               0x00000000
645     Buffer Fat Pointer (experimental) 7               *TODO*
646     ================================= =============== =========== ================ ======= ============================
647
648**Generic**
649  The generic address space is supported unless the *Target Properties* column
650  of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies *Does not support generic address
651  space*.
652
653  The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support for two fixed
654  ranges of virtual addresses (the private and local apertures), that are
655  outside the range of addressable global memory, to map from a flat address to
656  a private or local address. This uses FLAT instructions that can take a flat
657  address and access global, private (scratch), and group (LDS) memory depending
658  on if the address is within one of the aperture ranges.
659
660  Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and setup in the
661  kernel prologue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat
662  access to LDS requires hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register
663  setup (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
664
665  To convert between a private or group address space address (termed a segment
666  address) and a flat address the base address of the corresponding aperture
667  can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
668  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
669  Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
670  GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline
671  constant registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``.
672  In 64-bit address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is
673  aligned to 2^32 which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or
674  segment to flat.
675
676  A global address space address has the same value when used as a flat address
677  so no conversion is needed.
678
679**Global and Constant**
680  The global and constant address spaces both use global virtual addresses,
681  which are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some
682  virtual addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible
683  by the GPU, and some by both.
684
685  Using the constant address space indicates that the data will not change
686  during the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to
687  be used. As the constant address space could only be modified on the host
688  side, a generic pointer loaded from the constant address space is safe to be
689  assumed as a global pointer since only the device global memory is visible
690  and managed on the host side. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated
691  of volatile data before each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant
692  memory to change values between kernel dispatches.
693
694**Region**
695  The region address space uses the hardware Global Data Store (GDS). All
696  wavefronts executing on the same device will access the same memory for any
697  given region address. However, the same region address accessed by wavefronts
698  executing on different devices will access different memory. It is higher
699  performance than global memory. It is allocated by the runtime. The data
700  store (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
701
702**Local**
703  The local address space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
704  automatically allocated when the hardware creates the wavefronts of a
705  work-group, and freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have
706  terminated. All wavefronts belonging to the same work-group will access the
707  same memory for any given local address. However, the same local address
708  accessed by wavefronts belonging to different work-groups will access
709  different memory. It is higher performance than global memory. The data store
710  (DS) instructions can be used to access it.
711
712**Private**
713  The private address space uses the hardware scratch memory support which
714  automatically allocates memory when it creates a wavefront and frees it when
715  a wavefronts terminates. The memory accessed by a lane of a wavefront for any
716  given private address will be different to the memory accessed by another lane
717  of the same or different wavefront for the same private address.
718
719  If a kernel dispatch uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory from a
720  pool of backing memory allocated by the runtime for each wavefront. The lanes
721  of the wavefront access this using dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping
722  used from private address to backing memory address is:
723
724    ``wavefront-scratch-base +
725    ((private-address / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
726    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address % 4)``
727
728  If each lane of a wavefront accesses the same private address, the
729  interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed and hence requires
730  fewer cache lines to be fetched.
731
732  There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is
733  determined by a wavefront (see
734  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
735
736  Scratch memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer
737  instructions with the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch
738  offset, by the scratch instructions, or by flat instructions. Multi-dword
739  access is not supported except by flat and scratch instructions in
740  GFX9-GFX10.
741
742**Constant 32-bit**
743  *TODO*
744
745**Buffer Fat Pointer**
746  The buffer fat pointer is an experimental address space that is currently
747  unsupported in the backend. It exposes a non-integral pointer that is in
748  the future intended to support the modelling of 128-bit buffer descriptors
749  plus a 32-bit offset into the buffer (in total encapsulating a 160-bit
750  *pointer*), allowing normal LLVM load/store/atomic operations to be used to
751  model the buffer descriptors used heavily in graphics workloads targeting
752  the backend.
753
754.. _amdgpu-memory-scopes:
755
756Memory Scopes
757-------------
758
759This section provides LLVM memory synchronization scopes supported by the AMDGPU
760backend memory model when the target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see
761:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
762
763The memory model supported is based on the HSA memory model [HSA]_ which is
764based in turn on HRF-indirect with scope inclusion [HRF]_. The happens-before
765relation is transitive over the synchronizes-with relation independent of scope
766and synchronizes-with allows the memory scope instances to be inclusive (see
767table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table`).
768
769This is different to the OpenCL [OpenCL]_ memory model which does not have scope
770inclusion and requires the memory scopes to exactly match. However, this
771is conservatively correct for OpenCL.
772
773  .. table:: AMDHSA LLVM Sync Scopes
774     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-llvm-sync-scopes-table
775
776     ======================= ===================================================
777     LLVM Sync Scope         Description
778     ======================= ===================================================
779     *none*                  The default: ``system``.
780
781                             Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
782                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
783                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
784                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
785                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
786
787                             - ``system``.
788                             - ``agent`` and executed by a thread on the same
789                               agent.
790                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
791                               same work-group.
792                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
793                               same wavefront.
794
795     ``agent``               Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
796                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
797                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
798                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
799                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
800
801                             - ``system`` or ``agent`` and executed by a thread
802                               on the same agent.
803                             - ``workgroup`` and executed by a thread in the
804                               same work-group.
805                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
806                               same wavefront.
807
808     ``workgroup``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
809                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
810                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
811                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
812                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
813
814                             - ``system``, ``agent`` or ``workgroup`` and
815                               executed by a thread in the same work-group.
816                             - ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
817                               same wavefront.
818
819     ``wavefront``           Synchronizes with, and participates in modification
820                             and seq_cst total orderings with, other operations
821                             (except image operations) for all address spaces
822                             (except private, or generic that accesses private)
823                             provided the other operation's sync scope is:
824
825                             - ``system``, ``agent``, ``workgroup`` or
826                               ``wavefront`` and executed by a thread in the
827                               same wavefront.
828
829     ``singlethread``        Only synchronizes with and participates in
830                             modification and seq_cst total orderings with,
831                             other operations (except image operations) running
832                             in the same thread for all address spaces (for
833                             example, in signal handlers).
834
835     ``one-as``              Same as ``system`` but only synchronizes with other
836                             operations within the same address space.
837
838     ``agent-one-as``        Same as ``agent`` but only synchronizes with other
839                             operations within the same address space.
840
841     ``workgroup-one-as``    Same as ``workgroup`` but only synchronizes with
842                             other operations within the same address space.
843
844     ``wavefront-one-as``    Same as ``wavefront`` but only synchronizes with
845                             other operations within the same address space.
846
847     ``singlethread-one-as`` Same as ``singlethread`` but only synchronizes with
848                             other operations within the same address space.
849     ======================= ===================================================
850
851LLVM IR Intrinsics
852------------------
853
854The AMDGPU backend implements the following LLVM IR intrinsics.
855
856*This section is WIP.*
857
858.. TODO::
859
860   List AMDGPU intrinsics.
861
862LLVM IR Attributes
863------------------
864
865The AMDGPU backend supports the following LLVM IR attributes.
866
867  .. table:: AMDGPU LLVM IR Attributes
868     :name: amdgpu-llvm-ir-attributes-table
869
870     ======================================= ==========================================================
871     LLVM Attribute                          Description
872     ======================================= ==========================================================
873     "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size"="min,max" Specify the minimum and maximum flat work group sizes that
874                                             will be specified when the kernel is dispatched. Generated
875                                             by the ``amdgpu_flat_work_group_size`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
876                                             The implied default value is 1,1024.
877
878     "amdgpu-implicitarg-num-bytes"="n"      Number of kernel argument bytes to add to the kernel
879                                             argument block size for the implicit arguments. This
880                                             varies by OS and language (for OpenCL see
881                                             :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
882     "amdgpu-num-sgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of SGPRs to use. Generated by
883                                             the ``amdgpu_num_sgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
884     "amdgpu-num-vgpr"="n"                   Specifies the number of VGPRs to use. Generated by the
885                                             ``amdgpu_num_vgpr`` CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_.
886     "amdgpu-waves-per-eu"="m,n"             Specify the minimum and maximum number of waves per
887                                             execution unit. Generated by the ``amdgpu_waves_per_eu``
888                                             CLANG attribute [CLANG-ATTR]_. This is an optimization hint,
889                                             and the backend may not be able to satisfy the request. If
890                                             the specified range is incompatible with the function's
891                                             "amdgpu-flat-work-group-size" value, the implied occupancy
892                                             bounds by the workgroup size takes precedence.
893
894     "amdgpu-ieee" true/false.               Specify whether the function expects the IEEE field of the
895                                             mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default for
896                                             the calling convention.
897     "amdgpu-dx10-clamp" true/false.         Specify whether the function expects the DX10_CLAMP field of
898                                             the mode register to be set on entry. Overrides the default
899                                             for the calling convention.
900
901     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x"               Indicates the function does not depend on the value of the
902                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.x intrinsic. If a function is marked with this
903                                             attribute, or reached through a call site marked with this attribute,
904                                             the value returned by the intrinsic is undefined. The backend can
905                                             generally infer this during code generation, so typically there is no
906                                             benefit to frontends marking functions with this.
907
908     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-y"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
909                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.y intrinsic.
910
911     "amdgpu-no-workitem-id-z"               The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
912                                             llvm.amdgcn.workitem.id.z intrinsic.
913
914     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-x"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
915                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.x intrinsic.
916
917     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-y"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
918                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.y intrinsic.
919
920     "amdgpu-no-workgroup-id-z"              The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
921                                             llvm.amdgcn.workgroup.id.z intrinsic.
922
923     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-ptr"                The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
924                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.ptr intrinsic.
925
926     "amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr"             The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
927                                             llvm.amdgcn.implicitarg.ptr intrinsic.
928
929     "amdgpu-no-dispatch-id"                 The same as amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
930                                             llvm.amdgcn.dispatch.id intrinsic.
931
932     "amdgpu-no-queue-ptr"                   Similar to amdgpu-no-workitem-id-x, except for the
933                                             llvm.amdgcn.queue.ptr intrinsic. Note that unlike the other ABI hint
934                                             attributes, the queue pointer may be required in situations where the
935                                             intrinsic call does not directly appear in the program. Some subtargets
936                                             require the queue pointer for to handle some addrspacecasts, as well
937                                             as the llvm.amdgcn.is.shared, llvm.amdgcn.is.private, llvm.trap, and
938                                             llvm.debug intrinsics.
939
940     "amdgpu-no-hostcall-ptr"                Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
941                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to the hostcall buffer. If this
942                                             attribute is absent, then the amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
943
944     "amdgpu-no-heap-ptr"                    Similar to amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr, except specific to the implicit
945                                             kernel argument that holds the pointer to an initialized memory buffer
946                                             that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free device library V1
947                                             version implementation. If this attribute is absent, then the
948                                             amdgpu-no-implicitarg-ptr is also removed.
949
950     ======================================= ==========================================================
951
952.. _amdgpu-elf-code-object:
953
954ELF Code Object
955===============
956
957The AMDGPU backend generates a standard ELF [ELF]_ relocatable code object that
958can be linked by ``lld`` to produce a standard ELF shared code object which can
959be loaded and executed on an AMDGPU target.
960
961.. _amdgpu-elf-header:
962
963Header
964------
965
966The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header:
967
968  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header
969     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-table
970
971     ========================== ===============================
972     Field                      Value
973     ========================== ===============================
974     ``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``      ``ELFCLASS64``
975     ``e_ident[EI_DATA]``       ``ELFDATA2LSB``
976     ``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``      - ``ELFOSABI_NONE``
977                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``
978                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``
979                                - ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
980     ``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]`` - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2``
981                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3``
982                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4``
983                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5``
984                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``
985                                - ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D``
986     ``e_type``                 - ``ET_REL``
987                                - ``ET_DYN``
988     ``e_machine``              ``EM_AMDGPU``
989     ``e_entry``                0
990     ``e_flags``                See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table`,
991                                :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3`,
992                                and :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`
993     ========================== ===============================
994
995..
996
997  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header Enumeration Values
998     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-enumeration-values-table
999
1000     =============================== =====
1001     Name                            Value
1002     =============================== =====
1003     ``EM_AMDGPU``                   224
1004     ``ELFOSABI_NONE``               0
1005     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA``         64
1006     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL``         65
1007     ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D``      66
1008     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` 0
1009     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` 1
1010     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` 2
1011     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` 3
1012     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL``    0
1013     ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` 0
1014     =============================== =====
1015
1016``e_ident[EI_CLASS]``
1017  The ELF class is:
1018
1019  * ``ELFCLASS32`` for ``r600`` architecture.
1020
1021  * ``ELFCLASS64`` for ``amdgcn`` architecture which only supports 64-bit
1022    process address space applications.
1023
1024``e_ident[EI_DATA]``
1025  All AMDGPU targets use ``ELFDATA2LSB`` for little-endian byte ordering.
1026
1027``e_ident[EI_OSABI]``
1028  One of the following AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABIs
1029  (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`):
1030
1031  * ``ELFOSABI_NONE`` for *unknown* OS.
1032
1033  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_HSA`` for ``amdhsa`` OS.
1034
1035  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_PAL`` for ``amdpal`` OS.
1036
1037  * ``ELFOSABI_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` for ``mesa3D`` OS.
1038
1039``e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]``
1040  The ABI version of the AMDGPU target architecture specific OS ABI to which the code
1041  object conforms:
1042
1043  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V2`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1044    runtime ABI for code object V2. Specify using the Clang option
1045    ``-mcode-object-version=2``.
1046
1047  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V3`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1048    runtime ABI for code object V3. Specify using the Clang option
1049    ``-mcode-object-version=3``.
1050
1051  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V4`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1052    runtime ABI for code object V4. Specify using the Clang option
1053    ``-mcode-object-version=4``. This is the default code object
1054    version if not specified.
1055
1056  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_HSA_V5`` is used to specify the version of AMD HSA
1057    runtime ABI for code object V5. Specify using the Clang option
1058    ``-mcode-object-version=5``.
1059
1060  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_PAL`` is used to specify the version of AMD PAL
1061    runtime ABI.
1062
1063  * ``ELFABIVERSION_AMDGPU_MESA3D`` is used to specify the version of AMD MESA
1064    3D runtime ABI.
1065
1066``e_type``
1067  Can be one of the following values:
1068
1069
1070  ``ET_REL``
1071    The type produced by the AMDGPU backend compiler as it is relocatable code
1072    object.
1073
1074  ``ET_DYN``
1075    The type produced by the linker as it is a shared code object.
1076
1077  The AMD HSA runtime loader requires a ``ET_DYN`` code object.
1078
1079``e_machine``
1080  The value ``EM_AMDGPU`` is used for the machine for all processors supported
1081  by the ``r600`` and ``amdgcn`` architectures (see
1082  :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`). The specific processor is specified in the
1083  ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record for code object V2 (see
1084  :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`) and in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit field of the
1085  ``e_flags`` for code object V3 and above (see
1086  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3` and
1087  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards`).
1088
1089``e_entry``
1090  The entry point is 0 as the entry points for individual kernels must be
1091  selected in order to invoke them through AQL packets.
1092
1093``e_flags``
1094  The AMDGPU backend uses the following ELF header flags:
1095
1096  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V2
1097     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-v2-table
1098
1099     ===================================== ===== =============================
1100     Name                                  Value Description
1101     ===================================== ===== =============================
1102     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2``        0x01  Indicates if the ``xnack``
1103                                                 target feature is
1104                                                 enabled for all code
1105                                                 contained in the code object.
1106                                                 If the processor
1107                                                 does not support the
1108                                                 ``xnack`` target
1109                                                 feature then must
1110                                                 be 0.
1111                                                 See
1112                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1113     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_TRAP_HANDLER_V2`` 0x02  Indicates if the trap
1114                                                 handler is enabled for all
1115                                                 code contained in the code
1116                                                 object. If the processor
1117                                                 does not support a trap
1118                                                 handler then must be 0.
1119                                                 See
1120                                                 :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1121     ===================================== ===== =============================
1122
1123  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V3
1124     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v3
1125
1126     ================================= ===== =============================
1127     Name                              Value Description
1128     ================================= ===== =============================
1129     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1130                                             mask for
1131                                             ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1132                                             defined in
1133                                             :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1134     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V3``    0x100 Indicates if the ``xnack``
1135                                             target feature is
1136                                             enabled for all code
1137                                             contained in the code object.
1138                                             If the processor
1139                                             does not support the
1140                                             ``xnack`` target
1141                                             feature then must
1142                                             be 0.
1143                                             See
1144                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1145     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V3``  0x200 Indicates if the ``sramecc``
1146                                             target feature is
1147                                             enabled for all code
1148                                             contained in the code object.
1149                                             If the processor
1150                                             does not support the
1151                                             ``sramecc`` target
1152                                             feature then must
1153                                             be 0.
1154                                             See
1155                                             :ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
1156     ================================= ===== =============================
1157
1158  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Header ``e_flags`` for Code Object V4 and After
1159     :name: amdgpu-elf-header-e_flags-table-v4-onwards
1160
1161     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1162     Name                                         Value      Description
1163     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1164     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH``                           0x0ff AMDGPU processor selection
1165                                                        mask for
1166                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_xxx`` values
1167                                                        defined in
1168                                                        :ref:`amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table`.
1169     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V4``               0x300 XNACK selection mask for
1170                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_*_V4``
1171                                                        values.
1172     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_UNSUPPORTED_V4``   0x000 XNACK unsuppored.
1173     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ANY_V4``           0x100 XNACK can have any value.
1174     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_OFF_V4``           0x200 XNACK disabled.
1175     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_ON_V4``            0x300 XNACK enabled.
1176     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_V4``             0xc00 SRAMECC selection mask for
1177                                                        ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_*_V4``
1178                                                        values.
1179     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_UNSUPPORTED_V4`` 0x000 SRAMECC unsuppored.
1180     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ANY_V4``         0x400 SRAMECC can have any value.
1181     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_OFF_V4``         0x800 SRAMECC disabled,
1182     ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_SRAMECC_ON_V4``          0xc00 SRAMECC enabled.
1183     ============================================ ===== ===================================
1184
1185  .. table:: AMDGPU ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` Values
1186     :name: amdgpu-ef-amdgpu-mach-table
1187
1188     ==================================== ========== =============================
1189     Name                                 Value      Description (see
1190                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`)
1191     ==================================== ========== =============================
1192     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_NONE``              0x000      *not specified*
1193     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R600``         0x001      ``r600``
1194     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_R630``         0x002      ``r630``
1195     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RS880``        0x003      ``rs880``
1196     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV670``        0x004      ``rv670``
1197     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV710``        0x005      ``rv710``
1198     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV730``        0x006      ``rv730``
1199     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_RV770``        0x007      ``rv770``
1200     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CEDAR``        0x008      ``cedar``
1201     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CYPRESS``      0x009      ``cypress``
1202     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_JUNIPER``      0x00a      ``juniper``
1203     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_REDWOOD``      0x00b      ``redwood``
1204     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_SUMO``         0x00c      ``sumo``
1205     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_BARTS``        0x00d      ``barts``
1206     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAICOS``       0x00e      ``caicos``
1207     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_CAYMAN``       0x00f      ``cayman``
1208     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_R600_TURKS``        0x010      ``turks``
1209     *reserved*                           0x011 -    Reserved for ``r600``
1210                                          0x01f      architecture processors.
1211     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX600``     0x020      ``gfx600``
1212     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX601``     0x021      ``gfx601``
1213     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX700``     0x022      ``gfx700``
1214     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX701``     0x023      ``gfx701``
1215     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX702``     0x024      ``gfx702``
1216     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX703``     0x025      ``gfx703``
1217     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX704``     0x026      ``gfx704``
1218     *reserved*                           0x027      Reserved.
1219     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX801``     0x028      ``gfx801``
1220     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX802``     0x029      ``gfx802``
1221     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX803``     0x02a      ``gfx803``
1222     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX810``     0x02b      ``gfx810``
1223     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX900``     0x02c      ``gfx900``
1224     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX902``     0x02d      ``gfx902``
1225     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX904``     0x02e      ``gfx904``
1226     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX906``     0x02f      ``gfx906``
1227     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX908``     0x030      ``gfx908``
1228     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX909``     0x031      ``gfx909``
1229     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90C``     0x032      ``gfx90c``
1230     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1010``    0x033      ``gfx1010``
1231     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1011``    0x034      ``gfx1011``
1232     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1012``    0x035      ``gfx1012``
1233     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1030``    0x036      ``gfx1030``
1234     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1031``    0x037      ``gfx1031``
1235     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1032``    0x038      ``gfx1032``
1236     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1033``    0x039      ``gfx1033``
1237     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX602``     0x03a      ``gfx602``
1238     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX705``     0x03b      ``gfx705``
1239     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX805``     0x03c      ``gfx805``
1240     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1035``    0x03d      ``gfx1035``
1241     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1034``    0x03e      ``gfx1034``
1242     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX90A``     0x03f      ``gfx90a``
1243     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX940``     0x040      ``gfx940``
1244     *reserved*                           0x041      Reserved.
1245     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1013``    0x042      ``gfx1013``
1246     *reserved*                           0x043      Reserved.
1247     *reserved*                           0x044      Reserved.
1248     ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH_AMDGCN_GFX1036``    0x045      ``gfx1036``
1249     ==================================== ========== =============================
1250
1251Sections
1252--------
1253
1254An AMDGPU target ELF code object has the standard ELF sections which include:
1255
1256  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Sections
1257     :name: amdgpu-elf-sections-table
1258
1259     ================== ================ =================================
1260     Name               Type             Attributes
1261     ================== ================ =================================
1262     ``.bss``           ``SHT_NOBITS``   ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1263     ``.data``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1264     ``.debug_``\ *\**  ``SHT_PROGBITS`` *none*
1265     ``.dynamic``       ``SHT_DYNAMIC``  ``SHF_ALLOC``
1266     ``.dynstr``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1267     ``.dynsym``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1268     ``.got``           ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_WRITE``
1269     ``.hash``          ``SHT_HASH``     ``SHF_ALLOC``
1270     ``.note``          ``SHT_NOTE``     *none*
1271     ``.rela``\ *name*  ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1272     ``.rela.dyn``      ``SHT_RELA``     *none*
1273     ``.rodata``        ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC``
1274     ``.shstrtab``      ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1275     ``.strtab``        ``SHT_STRTAB``   *none*
1276     ``.symtab``        ``SHT_SYMTAB``   *none*
1277     ``.text``          ``SHT_PROGBITS`` ``SHF_ALLOC`` + ``SHF_EXECINSTR``
1278     ================== ================ =================================
1279
1280These sections have their standard meanings (see [ELF]_) and are only generated
1281if needed.
1282
1283``.debug``\ *\**
1284  The standard DWARF sections. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information` for
1285  information on the DWARF produced by the AMDGPU backend.
1286
1287``.dynamic``, ``.dynstr``, ``.dynsym``, ``.hash``
1288  The standard sections used by a dynamic loader.
1289
1290``.note``
1291  See :ref:`amdgpu-note-records` for the note records supported by the AMDGPU
1292  backend.
1293
1294``.rela``\ *name*, ``.rela.dyn``
1295  For relocatable code objects, *name* is the name of the section that the
1296  relocation records apply. For example, ``.rela.text`` is the section name for
1297  relocation records associated with the ``.text`` section.
1298
1299  For linked shared code objects, ``.rela.dyn`` contains all the relocation
1300  records from each of the relocatable code object's ``.rela``\ *name* sections.
1301
1302  See :ref:`amdgpu-relocation-records` for the relocation records supported by
1303  the AMDGPU backend.
1304
1305``.text``
1306  The executable machine code for the kernels and functions they call. Generated
1307  as position independent code. See :ref:`amdgpu-code-conventions` for
1308  information on conventions used in the isa generation.
1309
1310.. _amdgpu-note-records:
1311
1312Note Records
1313------------
1314
1315The AMDGPU backend code object contains ELF note records in the ``.note``
1316section. The set of generated notes and their semantics depend on the code
1317object version; see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2` and
1318:ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`.
1319
1320As required by ``ELFCLASS32`` and ``ELFCLASS64``, minimal zero-byte padding
1321must be generated after the ``name`` field to ensure the ``desc`` field is 4
1322byte aligned. In addition, minimal zero-byte padding must be generated to
1323ensure the ``desc`` field size is a multiple of 4 bytes. The ``sh_addralign``
1324field of the ``.note`` section must be at least 4 to indicate at least 8 byte
1325alignment.
1326
1327.. _amdgpu-note-records-v2:
1328
1329Code Object V2 Note Records
1330~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1331
1332.. warning::
1333  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
1334  this version of LLVM.
1335
1336The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1337``.note`` section when compiling for code object V2.
1338
1339The note record vendor field is "AMD".
1340
1341Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1342are deprecated and should not be used.
1343
1344  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Records
1345     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-v2-table
1346
1347     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1348     Name  Type                                  Description
1349     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1350     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    Code object version.
1351     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  HSAIL properties generated by the HSAIL
1352                                                 Finalizer and not the LLVM compiler.
1353     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            Target ISA version.
1354     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               Metadata null terminated string in
1355                                                 YAML [YAML]_ textual format.
1356     "AMD" ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               Target ISA name.
1357     ===== ===================================== ======================================
1358
1359..
1360
1361  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1362     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-v2-table
1363
1364     ===================================== =====
1365     Name                                  Value
1366     ===================================== =====
1367     ``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``    1
1368     ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``                  2
1369     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``            3
1370     *reserved*                            4-9
1371     ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``               10
1372     ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``               11
1373     ===================================== =====
1374
1375``NT_AMD_HSA_CODE_OBJECT_VERSION``
1376  Specifies the code object version number. The description field has the
1377  following layout:
1378
1379  .. code:: c
1380
1381    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_code_object_version_s {
1382      uint32_t major_version;
1383      uint32_t minor_version;
1384    };
1385
1386  The ``major_version`` has a value less than or equal to 2.
1387
1388``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL``
1389  Specifies the HSAIL properties used by the HSAIL Finalizer. The description
1390  field has the following layout:
1391
1392  .. code:: c
1393
1394    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_hsail_s {
1395      uint32_t hsail_major_version;
1396      uint32_t hsail_minor_version;
1397      uint8_t profile;
1398      uint8_t machine_model;
1399      uint8_t default_float_round;
1400    };
1401
1402``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION``
1403  Specifies the target ISA version. The description field has the following layout:
1404
1405  .. code:: c
1406
1407    struct amdgpu_hsa_note_isa_s {
1408      uint16_t vendor_name_size;
1409      uint16_t architecture_name_size;
1410      uint32_t major;
1411      uint32_t minor;
1412      uint32_t stepping;
1413      char vendor_and_architecture_name[1];
1414    };
1415
1416  ``vendor_name_size`` and ``architecture_name_size`` are the length of the
1417  vendor and architecture names respectively, including the NUL character.
1418
1419  ``vendor_and_architecture_name`` contains the NUL terminates string for the
1420  vendor, immediately followed by the NUL terminated string for the
1421  architecture.
1422
1423  This note record is used by the HSA runtime loader.
1424
1425  Code object V2 only supports a limited number of processors and has fixed
1426  settings for target features. See
1427  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a list of
1428  processors and the corresponding target ID. In the table the note record ISA
1429  name is a concatenation of the vendor name, architecture name, major, minor,
1430  and stepping separated by a ":".
1431
1432  The target ID column shows the processor name and fixed target features used
1433  by the LLVM compiler. The LLVM compiler does not generate a
1434  ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record.
1435
1436  A code object generated by the Finalizer also uses code object V2 and always
1437  generates a ``NT_AMD_HSA_HSAIL`` note record. The processor name and
1438  ``sramecc`` target feature is as shown in
1439  :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` but the ``xnack``
1440  target feature is specified by the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags``
1441  bit.
1442
1443``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_NAME``
1444  Specifies the target ISA name as a non-NUL terminated string.
1445
1446  This note record is not used by the HSA runtime loader.
1447
1448  See the ``NT_AMD_HSA_ISA_VERSION`` note record description of the code object
1449  V2's limited support of processors and fixed settings for target features.
1450
1451  See :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table` for a mapping
1452  from the string to the corresponding target ID. If the ``xnack`` target
1453  feature is supported and enabled, the string produced by the LLVM compiler
1454  will may have a ``+xnack`` appended. The Finlizer did not do the appending and
1455  instead used the ``EF_AMDGPU_FEATURE_XNACK_V2`` ``e_flags`` bit.
1456
1457``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA``
1458  Specifies extensible metadata associated with the code objects executed on HSA
1459  [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). It is required when the
1460  target triple OS is ``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). See
1461  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2` for the syntax of the code object
1462  metadata string.
1463
1464  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V2 Supported Processors and Fixed Target Feature Settings
1465     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-supported_processors-v2-table
1466
1467     ===================== ==========================
1468     Note Record ISA Name  Target ID
1469     ===================== ==========================
1470     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:0``  ``gfx600``
1471     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:1``  ``gfx601``
1472     ``AMD:AMDGPU:6:0:2``  ``gfx602``
1473     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:0``  ``gfx700``
1474     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:1``  ``gfx701``
1475     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:2``  ``gfx702``
1476     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:3``  ``gfx703``
1477     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:4``  ``gfx704``
1478     ``AMD:AMDGPU:7:0:5``  ``gfx705``
1479     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:0``  ``gfx802``
1480     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:1``  ``gfx801:xnack+``
1481     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:2``  ``gfx802``
1482     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:3``  ``gfx803``
1483     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:4``  ``gfx803``
1484     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:0:5``  ``gfx805``
1485     ``AMD:AMDGPU:8:1:0``  ``gfx810:xnack+``
1486     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:0``  ``gfx900:xnack-``
1487     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:1``  ``gfx900:xnack+``
1488     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:2``  ``gfx902:xnack-``
1489     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:3``  ``gfx902:xnack+``
1490     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:4``  ``gfx904:xnack-``
1491     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:5``  ``gfx904:xnack+``
1492     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:6``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack-``
1493     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:7``  ``gfx906:sramecc-:xnack+``
1494     ``AMD:AMDGPU:9:0:12`` ``gfx90c:xnack-``
1495     ===================== ==========================
1496
1497.. _amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards:
1498
1499Code Object V3 and Above Note Records
1500~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1501
1502The AMDGPU backend code object uses the following ELF note record in the
1503``.note`` section when compiling for code object V3 and above.
1504
1505The note record vendor field is "AMDGPU".
1506
1507Additional note records may be present, but any which are not documented here
1508are deprecated and should not be used.
1509
1510  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Records
1511     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards
1512
1513     ======== ============================== ======================================
1514     Name     Type                           Description
1515     ======== ============================== ======================================
1516     "AMDGPU" ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         Metadata in Message Pack [MsgPack]_
1517                                             binary format.
1518     ======== ============================== ======================================
1519
1520..
1521
1522  .. table:: AMDGPU Code Object V3 and Above ELF Note Record Enumeration Values
1523     :name: amdgpu-elf-note-record-enumeration-values-table-v3-onwards
1524
1525     ============================== =====
1526     Name                           Value
1527     ============================== =====
1528     *reserved*                     0-31
1529     ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``         32
1530     ============================== =====
1531
1532``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
1533  Specifies extensible metadata associated with an AMDGPU code object. It is
1534  encoded as a map in the Message Pack [MsgPack]_ binary data format. See
1535  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
1536  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
1537  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5` for the map keys defined for the
1538  ``amdhsa`` OS.
1539
1540.. _amdgpu-symbols:
1541
1542Symbols
1543-------
1544
1545Symbols include the following:
1546
1547  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Symbols
1548     :name: amdgpu-elf-symbols-table
1549
1550     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1551     Name                  Type               Section          Description
1552     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1553     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.data``      Global variable
1554                                              - ``.rodata``
1555                                              - ``.bss``
1556     *link-name*\ ``.kd``  ``STT_OBJECT``     - ``.rodata``    Kernel descriptor
1557     *link-name*           ``STT_FUNC``       - ``.text``      Kernel entry point
1558     *link-name*           ``STT_OBJECT``     - SHN_AMDGPU_LDS Global variable in LDS
1559     ===================== ================== ================ ==================
1560
1561Global variable
1562  Global variables both used and defined by the compilation unit.
1563
1564  If the symbol is defined in the compilation unit then it is allocated in the
1565  appropriate section according to if it has initialized data or is readonly.
1566
1567  If the symbol is external then its section is ``STN_UNDEF`` and the loader
1568  will resolve relocations using the definition provided by another code object
1569  or explicitly defined by the runtime.
1570
1571  If the symbol resides in local/group memory (LDS) then its section is the
1572  special processor specific section name ``SHN_AMDGPU_LDS``, and the
1573  ``st_value`` field describes alignment requirements as it does for common
1574  symbols.
1575
1576  .. TODO::
1577
1578     Add description of linked shared object symbols. Seems undefined symbols
1579     are marked as STT_NOTYPE.
1580
1581Kernel descriptor
1582  Every HSA kernel has an associated kernel descriptor. It is the address of the
1583  kernel descriptor that is used in the AQL dispatch packet used to invoke the
1584  kernel, not the kernel entry point. The layout of the HSA kernel descriptor is
1585  defined in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
1586
1587Kernel entry point
1588  Every HSA kernel also has a symbol for its machine code entry point.
1589
1590.. _amdgpu-relocation-records:
1591
1592Relocation Records
1593------------------
1594
1595AMDGPU backend generates ``Elf64_Rela`` relocation records. Supported
1596relocatable fields are:
1597
1598``word32``
1599  This specifies a 32-bit field occupying 4 bytes with arbitrary byte
1600  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1601  AMDGPU architecture.
1602
1603``word64``
1604  This specifies a 64-bit field occupying 8 bytes with arbitrary byte
1605  alignment. These values use the same byte order as other word values in the
1606  AMDGPU architecture.
1607
1608Following notations are used for specifying relocation calculations:
1609
1610**A**
1611  Represents the addend used to compute the value of the relocatable field.
1612
1613**G**
1614  Represents the offset into the global offset table at which the relocation
1615  entry's symbol will reside during execution.
1616
1617**GOT**
1618  Represents the address of the global offset table.
1619
1620**P**
1621  Represents the place (section offset for ``et_rel`` or address for ``et_dyn``)
1622  of the storage unit being relocated (computed using ``r_offset``).
1623
1624**S**
1625  Represents the value of the symbol whose index resides in the relocation
1626  entry. Relocations not using this must specify a symbol index of
1627  ``STN_UNDEF``.
1628
1629**B**
1630  Represents the base address of a loaded executable or shared object which is
1631  the difference between the ELF address and the actual load address.
1632  Relocations using this are only valid in executable or shared objects.
1633
1634The following relocation types are supported:
1635
1636  .. table:: AMDGPU ELF Relocation Records
1637     :name: amdgpu-elf-relocation-records-table
1638
1639     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1640     Relocation Type            Kind    Value  Field       Calculation
1641     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1642     ``R_AMDGPU_NONE``                  0      *none*      *none*
1643     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO``      Static, 1      ``word32``  (S + A) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1644                                Dynamic
1645     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI``      Static, 2      ``word32``  (S + A) >> 32
1646                                Dynamic
1647     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``         Static, 3      ``word64``  S + A
1648                                Dynamic
1649     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32``         Static  4      ``word32``  S + A - P
1650     ``R_AMDGPU_REL64``         Static  5      ``word64``  S + A - P
1651     ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32``         Static, 6      ``word32``  S + A
1652                                Dynamic
1653     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL``      Static  7      ``word32``  G + GOT + A - P
1654     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_LO`` Static  8      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1655     ``R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_HI`` Static  9      ``word32``  (G + GOT + A - P) >> 32
1656     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_LO``      Static  10     ``word32``  (S + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF
1657     ``R_AMDGPU_REL32_HI``      Static  11     ``word32``  (S + A - P) >> 32
1658     *reserved*                         12
1659     ``R_AMDGPU_RELATIVE64``    Dynamic 13     ``word64``  B + A
1660     ``R_AMDGPU_REL16``         Static  14     ``word16``  ((S + A - P) - 4) / 4
1661     ========================== ======= =====  ==========  ==============================
1662
1663``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO`` and ``R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI`` are only supported by
1664the ``mesa3d`` OS, which does not support ``R_AMDGPU_ABS64``.
1665
1666There is no current OS loader support for 32-bit programs and so
1667``R_AMDGPU_ABS32`` is not used.
1668
1669.. _amdgpu-loaded-code-object-path-uniform-resource-identifier:
1670
1671Loaded Code Object Path Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
1672---------------------------------------------------------
1673
1674The AMD GPU code object loader represents the path of the ELF shared object from
1675which the code object was loaded as a textual Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
1676Note that the code object is the in memory loaded relocated form of the ELF
1677shared object.  Multiple code objects may be loaded at different memory
1678addresses in the same process from the same ELF shared object.
1679
1680The loaded code object path URI syntax is defined by the following BNF syntax:
1681
1682.. code::
1683
1684  code_object_uri ::== file_uri | memory_uri
1685  file_uri        ::== "file://" file_path [ range_specifier ]
1686  memory_uri      ::== "memory://" process_id range_specifier
1687  range_specifier ::== [ "#" | "?" ] "offset=" number "&" "size=" number
1688  file_path       ::== URI_ENCODED_OS_FILE_PATH
1689  process_id      ::== DECIMAL_NUMBER
1690  number          ::== HEX_NUMBER | DECIMAL_NUMBER | OCTAL_NUMBER
1691
1692**number**
1693  Is a C integral literal where hexadecimal values are prefixed by "0x" or "0X",
1694  and octal values by "0".
1695
1696**file_path**
1697  Is the file's path specified as a URI encoded UTF-8 string. In URI encoding,
1698  every character that is not in the regular expression ``[a-zA-Z0-9/_.~-]`` is
1699  encoded as two uppercase hexadecimal digits proceeded by "%".  Directories in
1700  the path are separated by "/".
1701
1702**offset**
1703  Is a 0-based byte offset to the start of the code object.  For a file URI, it
1704  is from the start of the file specified by the ``file_path``, and if omitted
1705  defaults to 0. For a memory URI, it is the memory address and is required.
1706
1707**size**
1708  Is the number of bytes in the code object.  For a file URI, if omitted it
1709  defaults to the size of the file.  It is required for a memory URI.
1710
1711**process_id**
1712  Is the identity of the process owning the memory.  For Linux it is the C
1713  unsigned integral decimal literal for the process ID (PID).
1714
1715For example:
1716
1717.. code::
1718
1719  file:///dir1/dir2/file1
1720  file:///dir3/dir4/file2#offset=0x2000&size=3000
1721  memory://1234#offset=0x20000&size=3000
1722
1723.. _amdgpu-dwarf-debug-information:
1724
1725DWARF Debug Information
1726=======================
1727
1728.. warning::
1729
1730   This section describes **provisional support** for AMDGPU DWARF [DWARF]_ that
1731   is not currently fully implemented and is subject to change.
1732
1733AMDGPU generates DWARF [DWARF]_ debugging information ELF sections (see
1734:ref:`amdgpu-elf-code-object`) which contain information that maps the code
1735object executable code and data to the source language constructs. It can be
1736used by tools such as debuggers and profilers. It uses features defined in
1737:doc:`AMDGPUDwarfExtensionsForHeterogeneousDebugging` that are made available in
1738DWARF Version 4 and DWARF Version 5 as an LLVM vendor extension.
1739
1740This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture specific DWARF mappings.
1741
1742.. _amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier:
1743
1744Register Identifier
1745-------------------
1746
1747This section defines the AMDGPU target architecture register numbers used in
1748DWARF operation expressions (see DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
1749:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`) and Call Frame Information
1750instructions (see DWARF Version 5 section 6.4 and
1751:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`).
1752
1753A single code object can contain code for kernels that have different wavefront
1754sizes. The vector registers and some scalar registers are based on the wavefront
1755size. AMDGPU defines distinct DWARF registers for each wavefront size. This
1756simplifies the consumer of the DWARF so that each register has a fixed size,
1757rather than being dynamic according to the wavefront size mode. Similarly,
1758distinct DWARF registers are defined for those registers that vary in size
1759according to the process address size. This allows a consumer to treat a
1760specific AMDGPU processor as a single architecture regardless of how it is
1761configured at run time. The compiler explicitly specifies the DWARF registers
1762that match the mode in which the code it is generating will be executed.
1763
1764DWARF registers are encoded as numbers, which are mapped to architecture
1765registers. The mapping for AMDGPU is defined in
1766:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table`. All AMDGPU targets use the same
1767mapping.
1768
1769.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Register Mapping
1770   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-register-mapping-table
1771
1772   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1773   DWARF Register AMDGPU Register   Bit Size Description
1774   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1775   0              PC_32             32       Program Counter (PC) when
1776                                             executing in a 32-bit process
1777                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1778                                             describe the PC of the calling
1779                                             frame.
1780   1              EXEC_MASK_32      32       Execution Mask Register when
1781                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.
1782   2-15           *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1783                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1784   16             PC_64             64       Program Counter (PC) when
1785                                             executing in a 64-bit process
1786                                             address space. Used in the CFI to
1787                                             describe the PC of the calling
1788                                             frame.
1789   17             EXEC_MASK_64      64       Execution Mask Register when
1790                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.
1791   18-31          *Reserved*                 *Reserved for highly accessed
1792                                             registers using DWARF shortcut.*
1793   32-95          SGPR0-SGPR63      32       Scalar General Purpose
1794                                             Registers.
1795   96-127         *Reserved*                 *Reserved for frequently accessed
1796                                             registers using DWARF 1-byte ULEB.*
1797   128            STATUS            32       Status Register.
1798   129-511        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1799                                             Architectural Registers.*
1800   512            VCC_32            32       Vector Condition Code Register
1801                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1802                                             mode.
1803   513-767        *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1804                                             Architectural Registers when
1805                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1806   768            VCC_64            64       Vector Condition Code Register
1807                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1808                                             mode.
1809   769-1023       *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1810                                             Architectural Registers when
1811                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1812   1024-1087      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for padding.*
1813   1088-1129      SGPR64-SGPR105    32       Scalar General Purpose Registers.
1814   1130-1535      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Scalar
1815                                             General Purpose Registers.*
1816   1536-1791      VGPR0-VGPR255     32*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1817                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1818                                             mode.
1819   1792-2047      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1820                                             General Purpose Registers when
1821                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1822   2048-2303      AGPR0-AGPR255     32*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1823                                             when executing in wavefront 32
1824                                             mode.
1825   2304-2559      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1826                                             Accumulation Registers when
1827                                             executing in wavefront 32 mode.*
1828   2560-2815      VGPR0-VGPR255     64*32    Vector General Purpose Registers
1829                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1830                                             mode.
1831   2816-3071      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1832                                             General Purpose Registers when
1833                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1834   3072-3327      AGPR0-AGPR255     64*32    Vector Accumulation Registers
1835                                             when executing in wavefront 64
1836                                             mode.
1837   3328-3583      *Reserved*                 *Reserved for future Vector
1838                                             Accumulation Registers when
1839                                             executing in wavefront 64 mode.*
1840   ============== ================= ======== ==================================
1841
1842The vector registers are represented as the full size for the wavefront. They
1843are organized as consecutive dwords (32-bits), one per lane, with the dword at
1844the least significant bit position corresponding to lane 0 and so forth. DWARF
1845location expressions involving the ``DW_OP_LLVM_offset`` and
1846``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` operations are used to select the part of the vector
1847register corresponding to the lane that is executing the current thread of
1848execution in languages that are implemented using a SIMD or SIMT execution
1849model.
1850
1851If the wavefront size is 32 lanes then the wavefront 32 mode register
1852definitions are used. If the wavefront size is 64 lanes then the wavefront 64
1853mode register definitions are used. Some AMDGPU targets support executing in
1854both wavefront 32 and wavefront 64 mode. The register definitions corresponding
1855to the wavefront mode of the generated code will be used.
1856
1857If code is generated to execute in a 32-bit process address space, then the
185832-bit process address space register definitions are used. If code is generated
1859to execute in a 64-bit process address space, then the 64-bit process address
1860space register definitions are used. The ``amdgcn`` target only supports the
186164-bit process address space.
1862
1863.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-identifier:
1864
1865Address Class Identifier
1866------------------------
1867
1868The DWARF address class represents the source language memory space. See DWARF
1869Version 5 section 2.12 which is updated by the *DWARF Extensions For
1870Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1871
1872The DWARF address class mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1873:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table`.
1874
1875.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Class Mapping
1876   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-class-mapping-table
1877
1878   ========================= ====== =================
1879   DWARF                            AMDGPU
1880   -------------------------------- -----------------
1881   Address Class Name        Value  Address Space
1882   ========================= ====== =================
1883   ``DW_ADDR_none``          0x0000 Generic (Flat)
1884   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_global``   0x0001 Global
1885   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_constant`` 0x0002 Global
1886   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_group``    0x0003 Local (group/LDS)
1887   ``DW_ADDR_LLVM_private``  0x0004 Private (Scratch)
1888   ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` 0x8000 Region (GDS)
1889   ========================= ====== =================
1890
1891The DWARF address class values defined in the *DWARF Extensions For
1892Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses` are used.
1893
1894In addition, ``DW_ADDR_AMDGPU_region`` is encoded as a vendor extension. This is
1895available for use for the AMD extension for access to the hardware GDS memory
1896which is scratchpad memory allocated per device.
1897
1898For AMDGPU if no ``DW_AT_address_class`` attribute is present, then the default
1899address class of ``DW_ADDR_none`` is used.
1900
1901See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on the AMDGPU
1902mapping of DWARF address classes to DWARF address spaces, including address size
1903and NULL value.
1904
1905.. _amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier:
1906
1907Address Space Identifier
1908------------------------
1909
1910DWARF address spaces correspond to target architecture specific linear
1911addressable memory areas. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.12 and *DWARF Extensions
1912For Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-segment_addresses`.
1913
1914The DWARF address space mapping used for AMDGPU is defined in
1915:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table`.
1916
1917.. table:: AMDGPU DWARF Address Space Mapping
1918   :name: amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-mapping-table
1919
1920   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1921   DWARF                                                          AMDGPU            Notes
1922   --------------------------------------- ----- ---------------- ----------------- -----------------------
1923   Address Space Name                      Value Address Bit Size Address Space
1924   --------------------------------------- ----- ------- -------- ----------------- -----------------------
1925   ..                                            64-bit  32-bit
1926                                                 process process
1927                                                 address address
1928                                                 space   space
1929   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1930   ``DW_ASPACE_none``                      0x00  64      32       Global            *default address space*
1931   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``            0x01  64      32       Generic (Flat)
1932   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_region``             0x02  32      32       Region (GDS)
1933   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local``              0x03  32      32       Local (group/LDS)
1934   *Reserved*                              0x04
1935   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane``       0x05  32      32       Private (Scratch) *focused lane*
1936   ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave``       0x06  32      32       Private (Scratch) *unswizzled wavefront*
1937   ======================================= ===== ======= ======== ================= =======================
1938
1939See :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces` for information on the AMDGPU address spaces
1940including address size and NULL value.
1941
1942The ``DW_ASPACE_none`` address space is the default target architecture address
1943space used in DWARF operations that do not specify an address space. It
1944therefore has to map to the global address space so that the ``DW_OP_addr*`` and
1945related operations can refer to addresses in the program code.
1946
1947The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic`` address space allows location expressions to
1948specify the flat address space. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1949local address space, then it corresponds to the wavefront that is executing the
1950focused thread of execution. If the address corresponds to an address in the
1951private address space, then it corresponds to the lane that is executing the
1952focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD or
1953SIMT execution model.
1954
1955.. note::
1956
1957  CUDA-like languages such as HIP that do not have address spaces in the
1958  language type system, but do allow variables to be allocated in different
1959  address spaces, need to explicitly specify the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_generic``
1960  address space in the DWARF expression operations as the default address space
1961  is the global address space.
1962
1963The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_local`` address space allows location expressions to
1964specify the local address space corresponding to the wavefront that is executing
1965the focused thread of execution.
1966
1967The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space allows location expressions
1968to specify the private address space corresponding to the lane that is executing
1969the focused thread of execution for languages that are implemented using a SIMD
1970or SIMT execution model.
1971
1972The ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space allows location expressions
1973to specify the unswizzled private address space corresponding to the wavefront
1974that is executing the focused thread of execution. The wavefront view of private
1975memory is the per wavefront unswizzled backing memory layout defined in
1976:ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`, such that address 0 corresponds to the first
1977location for the backing memory of the wavefront (namely the address is not
1978offset by ``wavefront-scratch-base``). The following formula can be used to
1979convert from a ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address to a
1980``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address:
1981
1982::
1983
1984  private-address-wavefront =
1985    ((private-address-lane / 4) * wavefront-size * 4) +
1986    (wavefront-lane-id * 4) + (private-address-lane % 4)
1987
1988If the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address is dword aligned, and the start
1989of the dwords for each lane starting with lane 0 is required, then this
1990simplifies to:
1991
1992::
1993
1994  private-address-wavefront =
1995    private-address-lane * wavefront-size
1996
1997A compiler can use the ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address space to read a
1998complete spilled vector register back into a complete vector register in the
1999CFI. The frame pointer can be a private lane address which is dword aligned,
2000which can be shifted to multiply by the wavefront size, and then used to form a
2001private wavefront address that gives a location for a contiguous set of dwords,
2002one per lane, where the vector register dwords are spilled. The compiler knows
2003the wavefront size since it generates the code. Note that the type of the
2004address may have to be converted as the size of a
2005``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address may be smaller than the size of a
2006``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_wave`` address.
2007
2008.. _amdgpu-dwarf-lane-identifier:
2009
2010Lane identifier
2011---------------
2012
2013DWARF lane identifies specify a target architecture lane position for hardware
2014that executes in a SIMD or SIMT manner, and on which a source language maps its
2015threads of execution onto those lanes. The DWARF lane identifier is pushed by
2016the ``DW_OP_LLVM_push_lane`` DWARF expression operation. See DWARF Version 5
2017section 2.5 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging*
2018section :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2019
2020For AMDGPU, the lane identifier corresponds to the hardware lane ID of a
2021wavefront. It is numbered from 0 to the wavefront size minus 1.
2022
2023Operation Expressions
2024---------------------
2025
2026DWARF expressions are used to compute program values and the locations of
2027program objects. See DWARF Version 5 section 2.5 and
2028:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-operation-expressions`.
2029
2030DWARF location descriptions describe how to access storage which includes memory
2031and registers. When accessing storage on AMDGPU, bytes are ordered with least
2032significant bytes first, and bits are ordered within bytes with least
2033significant bits first.
2034
2035For AMDGPU CFI expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used to describe
2036unwinding vector registers that are spilled under the execution mask to memory:
2037the zero-single location description is the vector register, and the one-single
2038location description is the spilled memory location description. The
2039``DW_OP_LLVM_form_aspace_address`` is used to specify the address space of the
2040memory location description.
2041
2042In AMDGPU expressions, ``DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece`` is used by the
2043``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute expression where divergent control flow is
2044controlled by the execution mask. An undefined location description together
2045with ``DW_OP_LLVM_extend`` is used to indicate the lane was not active on entry
2046to the subprogram. See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc` for an example.
2047
2048Debugger Information Entry Attributes
2049-------------------------------------
2050
2051This section describes how certain debugger information entry attributes are
2052used by AMDGPU. See the sections in DWARF Version 5 section 3.3.5 and 3.1.1
2053which are updated by *DWARF Extensions For Heterogeneous Debugging* section
2054:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-low-level-information` and
2055:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-full-and-partial-compilation-unit-entries`.
2056
2057.. _amdgpu-dwarf-dw-at-llvm-lane-pc:
2058
2059``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``
2060~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2061
2062For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute is used to specify the program
2063location of the separate lanes of a SIMT thread.
2064
2065If the lane is an active lane then this will be the same as the current program
2066location.
2067
2068If the lane is inactive, but was active on entry to the subprogram, then this is
2069the program location in the subprogram at which execution of the lane is
2070conceptual positioned.
2071
2072If the lane was not active on entry to the subprogram, then this will be the
2073undefined location. A client debugger can check if the lane is part of a valid
2074work-group by checking that the lane is in the range of the associated
2075work-group within the grid, accounting for partial work-groups. If it is not,
2076then the debugger can omit any information for the lane. Otherwise, the debugger
2077may repeatedly unwind the stack and inspect the ``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` of the
2078calling subprogram until it finds a non-undefined location. Conceptually the
2079lane only has the call frames that it has a non-undefined
2080``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc``.
2081
2082The following example illustrates how the AMDGPU backend can generate a DWARF
2083location list expression for the nested ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` structures of the
2084following subprogram pseudo code for a target with 64 lanes per wavefront.
2085
2086.. code::
2087  :number-lines:
2088
2089  SUBPROGRAM X
2090  BEGIN
2091    a;
2092    IF (c1) THEN
2093      b;
2094      IF (c2) THEN
2095        c;
2096      ELSE
2097        d;
2098      ENDIF
2099      e;
2100    ELSE
2101      f;
2102    ENDIF
2103    g;
2104  END
2105
2106The AMDGPU backend may generate the following pseudo LLVM MIR to manipulate the
2107execution mask (``EXEC``) to linearize the control flow. The condition is
2108evaluated to make a mask of the lanes for which the condition evaluates to true.
2109First the ``THEN`` region is executed by setting the ``EXEC`` mask to the
2110logical ``AND`` of the current ``EXEC`` mask with the condition mask. Then the
2111``ELSE`` region is executed by negating the ``EXEC`` mask and logical ``AND`` of
2112the saved ``EXEC`` mask at the start of the region. After the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2113region the ``EXEC`` mask is restored to the value it had at the beginning of the
2114region. This is shown below. Other approaches are possible, but the basic
2115concept is the same.
2116
2117.. code::
2118  :number-lines:
2119
2120  $lex_start:
2121    a;
2122    %1 = EXEC
2123    %2 = c1
2124  $lex_1_start:
2125    EXEC = %1 & %2
2126  $if_1_then:
2127      b;
2128      %3 = EXEC
2129      %4 = c2
2130  $lex_1_1_start:
2131      EXEC = %3 & %4
2132  $lex_1_1_then:
2133        c;
2134      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3
2135  $lex_1_1_else:
2136        d;
2137      EXEC = %3
2138  $lex_1_1_end:
2139      e;
2140    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1
2141  $lex_1_else:
2142      f;
2143    EXEC = %1
2144  $lex_1_end:
2145    g;
2146  $lex_end:
2147
2148To create the DWARF location list expression that defines the location
2149description of a vector of lane program locations, the LLVM MIR ``DBG_VALUE``
2150pseudo instruction can be used to annotate the linearized control flow. This can
2151be done by defining an artificial variable for the lane PC. The DWARF location
2152list expression created for it is used as the value of the
2153``DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc`` attribute on the subprogram's debugger information entry.
2154
2155A DWARF procedure is defined for each well nested structured control flow region
2156which provides the conceptual lane program location for a lane if it is not
2157active (namely it is divergent). The DWARF operation expression for each region
2158conceptually inherits the value of the immediately enclosing region and modifies
2159it according to the semantics of the region.
2160
2161For an ``IF/THEN/ELSE`` region the divergent program location is at the start of
2162the region for the ``THEN`` region since it is executed first. For the ``ELSE``
2163region the divergent program location is at the end of the ``IF/THEN/ELSE``
2164region since the ``THEN`` region has completed.
2165
2166The lane PC artificial variable is assigned at each region transition. It uses
2167the immediately enclosing region's DWARF procedure to compute the program
2168location for each lane assuming they are divergent, and then modifies the result
2169by inserting the current program location for each lane that the ``EXEC`` mask
2170indicates is active.
2171
2172By having separate DWARF procedures for each region, they can be reused to
2173define the value for any nested region. This reduces the total size of the DWARF
2174operation expressions.
2175
2176The following provides an example using pseudo LLVM MIR.
2177
2178.. code::
2179  :number-lines:
2180
2181  $lex_start:
2182    DEFINE_DWARF %__uint_64 = DW_TAG_base_type[
2183      DW_AT_name = "__uint64";
2184      DW_AT_byte_size = 8;
2185      DW_AT_encoding = DW_ATE_unsigned;
2186    ];
2187    DEFINE_DWARF %__active_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2188      DW_AT_name = "__active_lane_pc";
2189      DW_AT_location = [
2190        DW_OP_regx PC;
2191        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2192        DW_OP_regval_type EXEC, %uint_64;
2193        DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2194      ];
2195    ];
2196    DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2197      DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc";
2198      DW_AT_location = [
2199        DW_OP_LLVM_undefined;
2200        DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2201      ];
2202    ];
2203    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2204      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2205      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2206    ];
2207    a;
2208    %1 = EXEC;
2209    DBG_VALUE %1, $noreg, %__lex_1_save_exec;
2210    %2 = c1;
2211  $lex_1_start:
2212    EXEC = %1 & %2;
2213  $lex_1_then:
2214      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2215        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_then";
2216        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2217          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2218          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_start;
2219          DW_OP_stack_value;
2220          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2221          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2222          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2223          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2224        ];
2225      ];
2226      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2227        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2228        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2229      ];
2230      b;
2231      %3 = EXEC;
2232      DBG_VALUE %3, %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2233      %4 = c2;
2234  $lex_1_1_start:
2235      EXEC = %3 & %4;
2236  $lex_1_1_then:
2237        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2238          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then";
2239          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2240            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2241            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_start;
2242            DW_OP_stack_value;
2243            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2244            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2245            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2246            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2247          ];
2248        ];
2249        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2250          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_then;
2251          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2252        ];
2253        c;
2254      EXEC = ~EXEC & %3;
2255  $lex_1_1_else:
2256        DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2257          DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else";
2258          DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2259            DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_then;
2260            DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_1_end;
2261            DW_OP_stack_value;
2262            DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2263            DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_1_save_exec;
2264            DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2265            DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2266          ];
2267        ];
2268        DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2269          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_1_else;
2270          DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2271        ];
2272        d;
2273      EXEC = %3;
2274  $lex_1_1_end:
2275      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2276        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2277        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2278      ];
2279      e;
2280    EXEC = ~EXEC & %1;
2281  $lex_1_else:
2282      DEFINE_DWARF %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else = DW_TAG_dwarf_procedure[
2283        DW_AT_name = "__divergent_lane_pc_1_else";
2284        DW_AT_location = DIExpression[
2285          DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2286          DW_OP_addrx &lex_1_end;
2287          DW_OP_stack_value;
2288          DW_OP_LLVM_extend 64, 64;
2289          DW_OP_call_ref %__lex_1_save_exec;
2290          DW_OP_deref_type 64, %__uint_64;
2291          DW_OP_LLVM_select_bit_piece 64, 64;
2292        ];
2293      ];
2294      DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc, DIExpression[
2295        DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc_1_else;
2296        DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2297      ];
2298      f;
2299    EXEC = %1;
2300  $lex_1_end:
2301    DBG_VALUE $noreg, $noreg, %DW_AT_LLVM_lane_pc DIExpression[
2302      DW_OP_call_ref %__divergent_lane_pc;
2303      DW_OP_call_ref %__active_lane_pc;
2304    ];
2305    g;
2306  $lex_end:
2307
2308The DWARF procedure ``%__active_lane_pc`` is used to update the lane pc elements
2309that are active, with the current program location.
2310
2311Artificial variables %__lex_1_save_exec and %__lex_1_1_save_exec are created for
2312the execution masks saved on entry to a region. Using the ``DBG_VALUE`` pseudo
2313instruction, location list entries will be created that describe where the
2314artificial variables are allocated at any given program location. The compiler
2315may allocate them to registers or spill them to memory.
2316
2317The DWARF procedures for each region use the values of the saved execution mask
2318artificial variables to only update the lanes that are active on entry to the
2319region. All other lanes retain the value of the enclosing region where they were
2320last active. If they were not active on entry to the subprogram, then will have
2321the undefined location description.
2322
2323Other structured control flow regions can be handled similarly. For example,
2324loops would set the divergent program location for the region at the end of the
2325loop. Any lanes active will be in the loop, and any lanes not active must have
2326exited the loop.
2327
2328An ``IF/THEN/ELSEIF/ELSEIF/...`` region can be treated as a nest of
2329``IF/THEN/ELSE`` regions.
2330
2331The DWARF procedures can use the active lane artificial variable described in
2332:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane` rather than the actual
2333``EXEC`` mask in order to support whole or quad wavefront mode.
2334
2335.. _amdgpu-dwarf-amdgpu-dw-at-llvm-active-lane:
2336
2337``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2338~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2339
2340The ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane`` attribute on a subprogram debugger information
2341entry is used to specify the lanes that are conceptually active for a SIMT
2342thread.
2343
2344The execution mask may be modified to implement whole or quad wavefront mode
2345operations. For example, all lanes may need to temporarily be made active to
2346execute a whole wavefront operation. Such regions would save the ``EXEC`` mask,
2347update it to enable the necessary lanes, perform the operations, and then
2348restore the ``EXEC`` mask from the saved value. While executing the whole
2349wavefront region, the conceptual execution mask is the saved value, not the
2350``EXEC`` value.
2351
2352This is handled by defining an artificial variable for the active lane mask. The
2353active lane mask artificial variable would be the actual ``EXEC`` mask for
2354normal regions, and the saved execution mask for regions where the mask is
2355temporarily updated. The location list expression created for this artificial
2356variable is used to define the value of the ``DW_AT_LLVM_active_lane``
2357attribute.
2358
2359``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation``
2360~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2361
2362For AMDGPU, the ``DW_AT_LLVM_augmentation`` attribute of a compilation unit
2363debugger information entry has the following value for the augmentation string:
2364
2365::
2366
2367  [amdgpu:v0.0]
2368
2369The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2370extensions used in the DWARF of the compilation unit. The version number
2371conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2372
2373Call Frame Information
2374----------------------
2375
2376DWARF Call Frame Information (CFI) describes how a consumer can virtually
2377*unwind* call frames in a running process or core dump. See DWARF Version 5
2378section 6.4 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
2379
2380For AMDGPU, the Common Information Entry (CIE) fields have the following values:
2381
23821.  ``augmentation`` string contains the following null-terminated UTF-8 string:
2383
2384    ::
2385
2386      [amd:v0.0]
2387
2388    The ``vX.Y`` specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2389    extensions used in this CIE or to the FDEs that use it. The version number
2390    conforms to [SEMVER]_.
2391
23922.  ``address_size`` for the ``Global`` address space is defined in
2393    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2394
23953.  ``segment_selector_size`` is 0 as AMDGPU does not use a segment selector.
2396
23974.  ``code_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2398
2399    .. TODO::
2400
2401       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2402
24035.  ``data_alignment_factor`` is 4 bytes.
2404
2405    .. TODO::
2406
2407       Add to :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` table.
2408
24096.  ``return_address_register`` is ``PC_32`` for 32-bit processes and ``PC_64``
2410    for 64-bit processes defined in :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2411
24127.  ``initial_instructions`` Since a subprogram X with fewer registers can be
2413    called from subprogram Y that has more allocated, X will not change any of
2414    the extra registers as it cannot access them. Therefore, the default rule
2415    for all columns is ``same value``.
2416
2417For AMDGPU the register number follows the numbering defined in
2418:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-register-identifier`.
2419
2420For AMDGPU the instructions are variable size. A consumer can subtract 1 from
2421the return address to get the address of a byte within the call site
2422instructions. See DWARF Version 5 section 6.4.4.
2423
2424Accelerated Access
2425------------------
2426
2427See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.
2428
2429Lookup By Name Section Header
2430~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2431
2432See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.1.4.1 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-lookup-by-name`.
2433
2434For AMDGPU the lookup by name section header table:
2435
2436``augmentation_string_size`` (uword)
2437
2438  Set to the length of the ``augmentation_string`` value which is always a
2439  multiple of 4.
2440
2441``augmentation_string`` (sequence of UTF-8 characters)
2442
2443  Contains the following UTF-8 string null padded to a multiple of 4 bytes:
2444
2445  ::
2446
2447    [amdgpu:v0.0]
2448
2449  The "vX.Y" specifies the major X and minor Y version number of the AMDGPU
2450  extensions used in the DWARF of this index. The version number conforms to
2451  [SEMVER]_.
2452
2453  .. note::
2454
2455    This is different to the DWARF Version 5 definition that requires the first
2456    4 characters to be the vendor ID. But this is consistent with the other
2457    augmentation strings and does allow multiple vendor contributions. However,
2458    backwards compatibility may be more desirable.
2459
2460Lookup By Address Section Header
2461~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2462
2463See DWARF Version 5 section 6.1.2.
2464
2465For AMDGPU the lookup by address section header table:
2466
2467``address_size`` (ubyte)
2468
2469  Match the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2470  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2471
2472``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2473
2474  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0. The entries in the
2475  ``.debug_aranges`` do not have a segment selector.
2476
2477Line Number Information
2478-----------------------
2479
2480See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2 and :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information`.
2481
2482AMDGPU does not use the ``isa`` state machine registers and always sets it to 0.
2483The instruction set must be obtained from the ELF file header ``e_flags`` field
2484in the ``EF_AMDGPU_MACH`` bit position (see :ref:`ELF Header
2485<amdgpu-elf-header>`). See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.2.
2486
2487.. TODO::
2488
2489  Should the ``isa`` state machine register be used to indicate if the code is
2490  in wavefront32 or wavefront64 mode? Or used to specify the architecture ISA?
2491
2492For AMDGPU the line number program header fields have the following values (see
2493DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4):
2494
2495``address_size`` (ubyte)
2496  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2497  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2498
2499``segment_selector_size`` (ubyte)
2500  AMDGPU does not use a segment selector so this is 0.
2501
2502``minimum_instruction_length`` (ubyte)
2503  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 4.
2504
2505``maximum_operations_per_instruction`` (ubyte)
2506  For GFX9-GFX10 this is 1.
2507
2508Source text for online-compiled programs (for example, those compiled by the
2509OpenCL language runtime) may be embedded into the DWARF Version 5 line table.
2510See DWARF Version 5 section 6.2.4.1 which is updated by *DWARF Extensions For
2511Heterogeneous Debugging* section :ref:`DW_LNCT_LLVM_source
2512<amdgpu-dwarf-line-number-information-dw-lnct-llvm-source>`.
2513
2514The Clang option used to control source embedding in AMDGPU is defined in
2515:ref:`amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table`.
2516
2517  .. table:: AMDGPU Clang Debug Options
2518     :name: amdgpu-clang-debug-options-table
2519
2520     ==================== ==================================================
2521     Debug Flag           Description
2522     ==================== ==================================================
2523     -g[no-]embed-source  Enable/disable embedding source text in DWARF
2524                          debug sections. Useful for environments where
2525                          source cannot be written to disk, such as
2526                          when performing online compilation.
2527     ==================== ==================================================
2528
2529For example:
2530
2531``-gembed-source``
2532  Enable the embedded source.
2533
2534``-gno-embed-source``
2535  Disable the embedded source.
2536
253732-Bit and 64-Bit DWARF Formats
2538-------------------------------
2539
2540See DWARF Version 5 section 7.4 and
2541:ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-32-bit-and-64-bit-dwarf-formats`.
2542
2543For AMDGPU:
2544
2545* For the ``amdgcn`` target architecture only the 64-bit process address space
2546  is supported.
2547
2548* The producer can generate either 32-bit or 64-bit DWARF format. LLVM generates
2549  the 32-bit DWARF format.
2550
2551Unit Headers
2552------------
2553
2554For AMDGPU the following values apply for each of the unit headers described in
2555DWARF Version 5 sections 7.5.1.1, 7.5.1.2, and 7.5.1.3:
2556
2557``address_size`` (ubyte)
2558  Matches the address size for the ``Global`` address space defined in
2559  :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier`.
2560
2561.. _amdgpu-code-conventions:
2562
2563Code Conventions
2564================
2565
2566This section provides code conventions used for each supported target triple OS
2567(see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2568
2569AMDHSA
2570------
2571
2572This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
2573``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
2574
2575.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata:
2576
2577Code Object Metadata
2578~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2579
2580The code object metadata specifies extensible metadata associated with the code
2581objects executed on HSA [HSA]_ compatible runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`). The
2582encoding and semantics of this metadata depends on the code object version; see
2583:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2`,
2584:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
2585:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` and
2586:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
2587
2588Code object metadata is specified in a note record (see
2589:ref:`amdgpu-note-records`) and is required when the target triple OS is
2590``amdhsa`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`). It must contain the minimum
2591information necessary to support the HSA compatible runtime kernel queries. For
2592example, the segment sizes needed in a dispatch packet. In addition, a
2593high-level language runtime may require other information to be included. For
2594example, the AMD OpenCL runtime records kernel argument information.
2595
2596.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v2:
2597
2598Code Object V2 Metadata
2599+++++++++++++++++++++++
2600
2601.. warning::
2602  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
2603  of LLVM.
2604
2605Code object V2 metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMD_HSA_METADATA`` note record
2606(see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v2`).
2607
2608The metadata is specified as a YAML formatted string (see [YAML]_ and
2609:doc:`YamlIO`).
2610
2611.. TODO::
2612
2613  Is the string null terminated? It probably should not if YAML allows it to
2614  contain null characters, otherwise it should be.
2615
2616The metadata is represented as a single YAML document comprised of the mapping
2617defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table` and
2618referenced tables.
2619
2620For boolean values, the string values of ``false`` and ``true`` are used for
2621false and true respectively.
2622
2623Additional information can be added to the mappings. To avoid conflicts, any
2624non-AMD key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*.".
2625
2626  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Metadata Map
2627     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-v2-table
2628
2629     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2630     String Key Value Type     Required? Description
2631     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2632     "Version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
2633                2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
2634                                         - The second integer is the minor
2635                                           version. Currently 0.
2636     "Printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
2637                strings                  about a printf function call. The
2638                                         encoded information is organized as
2639                                         fields separated by colon (':'):
2640
2641                                         ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
2642
2643                                         where:
2644
2645                                         ``ID``
2646                                           A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
2647                                           each printf function call
2648
2649                                         ``N``
2650                                           A 32-bit integer equal to the number
2651                                           of arguments of printf function call
2652                                           minus 1
2653
2654                                         ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
2655                                           32-bit integers for the size in bytes
2656                                           of the i-th FormatString argument of
2657                                           the printf function call
2658
2659                                         FormatString
2660                                           The format string passed to the
2661                                           printf function call.
2662     "Kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the mappings for each
2663                mapping                  kernel in the code object. See
2664                                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table`
2665                                         for the definition of the mapping.
2666     ========== ============== ========= =======================================
2667
2668..
2669
2670  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Metadata Map
2671     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-v2-table
2672
2673     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2674     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2675     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2676     "Name"            string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
2677     "SymbolName"      string         Required  Name of the kernel
2678                                                descriptor ELF symbol.
2679     "Language"        string                   Source language of the kernel.
2680                                                Values include:
2681
2682                                                - "OpenCL C"
2683                                                - "OpenCL C++"
2684                                                - "HCC"
2685                                                - "OpenMP"
2686
2687     "LanguageVersion" sequence of              - The first integer is the major
2688                       2 integers                 version.
2689                                                - The second integer is the
2690                                                  minor version.
2691     "Attrs"           mapping                  Mapping of kernel attributes.
2692                                                See
2693                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table`
2694                                                for the mapping definition.
2695     "Args"            sequence of              Sequence of mappings of the
2696                       mapping                  kernel arguments. See
2697                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table`
2698                                                for the definition of the mapping.
2699     "CodeProps"       mapping                  Mapping of properties related to
2700                                                the kernel code. See
2701                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table`
2702                                                for the mapping definition.
2703     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2704
2705..
2706
2707  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Attribute Metadata Map
2708     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-attribute-metadata-map-v2-table
2709
2710     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2711     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
2712     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2713     "ReqdWorkGroupSize" sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
2714                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
2715                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
2716                                                  correspond to the specified
2717                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
2718
2719                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2720                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
2721                                                  attribute.
2722     "WorkGroupSizeHint" sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
2723                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
2724                                                  specified values.
2725
2726                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2727                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
2728                                                  attribute.
2729     "VecTypeHint"       string                   The name of a scalar or vector
2730                                                  type.
2731
2732                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
2733                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
2734
2735     "RuntimeHandle"     string                   The external symbol name
2736                                                  associated with a kernel.
2737                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
2738                                                  global buffer for the symbol
2739                                                  and saves the kernel's address
2740                                                  to it, which is used for
2741                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
2742                                                  available for device side
2743                                                  enqueued kernels.
2744     =================== ============== ========= ==============================
2745
2746..
2747
2748  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
2749     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-v2-table
2750
2751     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2752     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
2753     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2754     "Name"            string                   Kernel argument name.
2755     "TypeName"        string                   Kernel argument type name.
2756     "Size"            integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
2757     "Align"           integer        Required  Kernel argument alignment in
2758                                                bytes. Must be a power of two.
2759     "ValueKind"       string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
2760                                                specifies how to set up the
2761                                                corresponding argument.
2762                                                Values include:
2763
2764                                                "ByValue"
2765                                                  The argument is copied
2766                                                  directly into the kernarg.
2767
2768                                                "GlobalBuffer"
2769                                                  A global address space pointer
2770                                                  to the buffer data is passed
2771                                                  in the kernarg.
2772
2773                                                "DynamicSharedPointer"
2774                                                  A group address space pointer
2775                                                  to dynamically allocated LDS
2776                                                  is passed in the kernarg.
2777
2778                                                "Sampler"
2779                                                  A global address space
2780                                                  pointer to a S# is passed in
2781                                                  the kernarg.
2782
2783                                                "Image"
2784                                                  A global address space
2785                                                  pointer to a T# is passed in
2786                                                  the kernarg.
2787
2788                                                "Pipe"
2789                                                  A global address space pointer
2790                                                  to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
2791                                                  the kernarg.
2792
2793                                                "Queue"
2794                                                  A global address space pointer
2795                                                  to an OpenCL device enqueue
2796                                                  queue is passed in the
2797                                                  kernarg.
2798
2799                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetX"
2800                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2801                                                  global offset for the X
2802                                                  dimension is passed in the
2803                                                  kernarg.
2804
2805                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetY"
2806                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2807                                                  global offset for the Y
2808                                                  dimension is passed in the
2809                                                  kernarg.
2810
2811                                                "HiddenGlobalOffsetZ"
2812                                                  The OpenCL grid dispatch
2813                                                  global offset for the Z
2814                                                  dimension is passed in the
2815                                                  kernarg.
2816
2817                                                "HiddenNone"
2818                                                  An argument that is not used
2819                                                  by the kernel. Space needs to
2820                                                  be left for it, but it does
2821                                                  not need to be set up.
2822
2823                                                "HiddenPrintfBuffer"
2824                                                  A global address space pointer
2825                                                  to the runtime printf buffer
2826                                                  is passed in kernarg. Mutually
2827                                                  exclusive with
2828                                                  "HiddenHostcallBuffer".
2829
2830                                                "HiddenHostcallBuffer"
2831                                                  A global address space pointer
2832                                                  to the runtime hostcall buffer
2833                                                  is passed in kernarg. Mutually
2834                                                  exclusive with
2835                                                  "HiddenPrintfBuffer".
2836
2837                                                "HiddenDefaultQueue"
2838                                                  A global address space pointer
2839                                                  to the OpenCL device enqueue
2840                                                  queue that should be used by
2841                                                  the kernel by default is
2842                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2843
2844                                                "HiddenCompletionAction"
2845                                                  A global address space pointer
2846                                                  to help link enqueued kernels into
2847                                                  the ancestor tree for determining
2848                                                  when the parent kernel has finished.
2849
2850                                                "HiddenMultiGridSyncArg"
2851                                                  A global address space pointer for
2852                                                  multi-grid synchronization is
2853                                                  passed in the kernarg.
2854
2855     "ValueType"       string                   Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
2856                                                be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
2857
2858
2859     "PointeeAlign"    integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
2860                                                type for pointer type kernel
2861                                                argument. Must be a power
2862                                                of 2. Only present if
2863                                                "ValueKind" is
2864                                                "DynamicSharedPointer".
2865     "AddrSpaceQual"   string                   Kernel argument address space
2866                                                qualifier. Only present if
2867                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer" or
2868                                                "DynamicSharedPointer". Values
2869                                                are:
2870
2871                                                - "Private"
2872                                                - "Global"
2873                                                - "Constant"
2874                                                - "Local"
2875                                                - "Generic"
2876                                                - "Region"
2877
2878                                                .. TODO::
2879
2880                                                   Is GlobalBuffer only Global
2881                                                   or Constant? Is
2882                                                   DynamicSharedPointer always
2883                                                   Local? Can HCC allow Generic?
2884                                                   How can Private or Region
2885                                                   ever happen?
2886
2887     "AccQual"         string                   Kernel argument access
2888                                                qualifier. Only present if
2889                                                "ValueKind" is "Image" or
2890                                                "Pipe". Values
2891                                                are:
2892
2893                                                - "ReadOnly"
2894                                                - "WriteOnly"
2895                                                - "ReadWrite"
2896
2897                                                .. TODO::
2898
2899                                                   Does this apply to
2900                                                   GlobalBuffer?
2901
2902     "ActualAccQual"   string                   The actual memory accesses
2903                                                performed by the kernel on the
2904                                                kernel argument. Only present if
2905                                                "ValueKind" is "GlobalBuffer",
2906                                                "Image", or "Pipe". This may be
2907                                                more restrictive than indicated
2908                                                by "AccQual" to reflect what the
2909                                                kernel actual does. If not
2910                                                present then the runtime must
2911                                                assume what is implied by
2912                                                "AccQual" and "IsConst". Values
2913                                                are:
2914
2915                                                - "ReadOnly"
2916                                                - "WriteOnly"
2917                                                - "ReadWrite"
2918
2919     "IsConst"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2920                                                is const qualified. Only present
2921                                                if "ValueKind" is
2922                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2923
2924     "IsRestrict"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2925                                                is restrict qualified. Only
2926                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2927                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2928
2929     "IsVolatile"      boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2930                                                is volatile qualified. Only
2931                                                present if "ValueKind" is
2932                                                "GlobalBuffer".
2933
2934     "IsPipe"          boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
2935                                                is pipe qualified. Only present
2936                                                if "ValueKind" is "Pipe".
2937
2938                                                .. TODO::
2939
2940                                                   Can GlobalBuffer be pipe
2941                                                   qualified?
2942
2943     ================= ============== ========= ================================
2944
2945..
2946
2947  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V2 Kernel Code Properties Metadata Map
2948     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-code-properties-metadata-map-v2-table
2949
2950     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2951     String Key                   Value Type     Required? Description
2952     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
2953     "KernargSegmentSize"         integer        Required  The size in bytes of
2954                                                           the kernarg segment
2955                                                           that holds the values
2956                                                           of the arguments to
2957                                                           the kernel.
2958     "GroupSegmentFixedSize"      integer        Required  The amount of group
2959                                                           segment memory
2960                                                           required by a
2961                                                           work-group in
2962                                                           bytes. This does not
2963                                                           include any
2964                                                           dynamically allocated
2965                                                           group segment memory
2966                                                           that may be added
2967                                                           when the kernel is
2968                                                           dispatched.
2969     "PrivateSegmentFixedSize"    integer        Required  The amount of fixed
2970                                                           private address space
2971                                                           memory required for a
2972                                                           work-item in
2973                                                           bytes. If the kernel
2974                                                           uses a dynamic call
2975                                                           stack then additional
2976                                                           space must be added
2977                                                           to this value for the
2978                                                           call stack.
2979     "KernargSegmentAlign"        integer        Required  The maximum byte
2980                                                           alignment of
2981                                                           arguments in the
2982                                                           kernarg segment. Must
2983                                                           be a power of 2.
2984     "WavefrontSize"              integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
2985                                                           be a power of 2.
2986     "NumSGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of scalar
2987                                                           registers used by a
2988                                                           wavefront for
2989                                                           GFX6-GFX10. This
2990                                                           includes the special
2991                                                           SGPRs for VCC, Flat
2992                                                           Scratch (GFX7-GFX10)
2993                                                           and XNACK (for
2994                                                           GFX8-GFX10). It does
2995                                                           not include the 16
2996                                                           SGPR added if a trap
2997                                                           handler is
2998                                                           enabled. It is not
2999                                                           rounded up to the
3000                                                           allocation
3001                                                           granularity.
3002     "NumVGPRs"                   integer        Required  Number of vector
3003                                                           registers used by
3004                                                           each work-item for
3005                                                           GFX6-GFX10
3006     "MaxFlatWorkGroupSize"       integer        Required  Maximum flat
3007                                                           work-group size
3008                                                           supported by the
3009                                                           kernel in work-items.
3010                                                           Must be >=1 and
3011                                                           consistent with
3012                                                           ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3013                                                           not 0, 0, 0.
3014     "NumSpilledSGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3015                                                           a scalar register to
3016                                                           a register allocator
3017                                                           created spill
3018                                                           location.
3019     "NumSpilledVGPRs"            integer                  Number of stores from
3020                                                           a vector register to
3021                                                           a register allocator
3022                                                           created spill
3023                                                           location.
3024     ============================ ============== ========= =====================
3025
3026.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3:
3027
3028Code Object V3 Metadata
3029+++++++++++++++++++++++
3030
3031.. warning::
3032  Code object V3 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3033  of LLVM.
3034
3035Code object V3 and above metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
3036record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
3037
3038The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
3039[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the
3040keys defined in table
3041:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3` and referenced
3042tables.
3043
3044Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts,
3045any key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where
3046``vendor-name`` can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor
3047tool that generates the information. The prefix is abbreviated to
3048simply "." when it appears within a map that has been added by the
3049same *vendor-name*.
3050
3051  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Metadata Map
3052     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v3
3053
3054     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3055     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3056     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3057     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3058                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3059                                                - The second integer is the minor
3060                                                  version. Currently 0.
3061     "amdhsa.printf"   sequence of              Each string is encoded information
3062                       strings                  about a printf function call. The
3063                                                encoded information is organized as
3064                                                fields separated by colon (':'):
3065
3066                                                ``ID:N:S[0]:S[1]:...:S[N-1]:FormatString``
3067
3068                                                where:
3069
3070                                                ``ID``
3071                                                  A 32-bit integer as a unique id for
3072                                                  each printf function call
3073
3074                                                ``N``
3075                                                  A 32-bit integer equal to the number
3076                                                  of arguments of printf function call
3077                                                  minus 1
3078
3079                                                ``S[i]`` (where i = 0, 1, ... , N-1)
3080                                                  32-bit integers for the size in bytes
3081                                                  of the i-th FormatString argument of
3082                                                  the printf function call
3083
3084                                                FormatString
3085                                                  The format string passed to the
3086                                                  printf function call.
3087     "amdhsa.kernels"  sequence of    Required  Sequence of the maps for each
3088                       map                      kernel in the code object. See
3089                                                :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3`
3090                                                for the definition of the keys included
3091                                                in that map.
3092     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3093
3094..
3095
3096  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Metadata Map
3097     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-metadata-map-table-v3
3098
3099     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3100     String Key                          Value Type     Required? Description
3101     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3102     ".name"                             string         Required  Source name of the kernel.
3103     ".symbol"                           string         Required  Name of the kernel
3104                                                                  descriptor ELF symbol.
3105     ".language"                         string                   Source language of the kernel.
3106                                                                  Values include:
3107
3108                                                                  - "OpenCL C"
3109                                                                  - "OpenCL C++"
3110                                                                  - "HCC"
3111                                                                  - "HIP"
3112                                                                  - "OpenMP"
3113                                                                  - "Assembler"
3114
3115     ".language_version"                 sequence of              - The first integer is the major
3116                                         2 integers                 version.
3117                                                                  - The second integer is the
3118                                                                    minor version.
3119     ".args"                             sequence of              Sequence of maps of the
3120                                         map                      kernel arguments. See
3121                                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`
3122                                                                  for the definition of the keys
3123                                                                  included in that map.
3124     ".reqd_workgroup_size"              sequence of              If not 0, 0, 0 then all values
3125                                         3 integers               must be >=1 and the dispatch
3126                                                                  work-group size X, Y, Z must
3127                                                                  correspond to the specified
3128                                                                  values. Defaults to 0, 0, 0.
3129
3130                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3131                                                                  ``reqd_work_group_size``
3132                                                                  attribute.
3133     ".workgroup_size_hint"              sequence of              The dispatch work-group size
3134                                         3 integers               X, Y, Z is likely to be the
3135                                                                  specified values.
3136
3137                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3138                                                                  ``work_group_size_hint``
3139                                                                  attribute.
3140     ".vec_type_hint"                    string                   The name of a scalar or vector
3141                                                                  type.
3142
3143                                                                  Corresponds to the OpenCL
3144                                                                  ``vec_type_hint`` attribute.
3145
3146     ".device_enqueue_symbol"            string                   The external symbol name
3147                                                                  associated with a kernel.
3148                                                                  OpenCL runtime allocates a
3149                                                                  global buffer for the symbol
3150                                                                  and saves the kernel's address
3151                                                                  to it, which is used for
3152                                                                  device side enqueueing. Only
3153                                                                  available for device side
3154                                                                  enqueued kernels.
3155     ".kernarg_segment_size"             integer        Required  The size in bytes of
3156                                                                  the kernarg segment
3157                                                                  that holds the values
3158                                                                  of the arguments to
3159                                                                  the kernel.
3160     ".group_segment_fixed_size"         integer        Required  The amount of group
3161                                                                  segment memory
3162                                                                  required by a
3163                                                                  work-group in
3164                                                                  bytes. This does not
3165                                                                  include any
3166                                                                  dynamically allocated
3167                                                                  group segment memory
3168                                                                  that may be added
3169                                                                  when the kernel is
3170                                                                  dispatched.
3171     ".private_segment_fixed_size"       integer        Required  The amount of fixed
3172                                                                  private address space
3173                                                                  memory required for a
3174                                                                  work-item in
3175                                                                  bytes. If the kernel
3176                                                                  uses a dynamic call
3177                                                                  stack then additional
3178                                                                  space must be added
3179                                                                  to this value for the
3180                                                                  call stack.
3181     ".kernarg_segment_align"            integer        Required  The maximum byte
3182                                                                  alignment of
3183                                                                  arguments in the
3184                                                                  kernarg segment. Must
3185                                                                  be a power of 2.
3186     ".wavefront_size"                   integer        Required  Wavefront size. Must
3187                                                                  be a power of 2.
3188     ".sgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of scalar
3189                                                                  registers required by a
3190                                                                  wavefront for
3191                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3192                                                                  is required if it is
3193                                                                  used explicitly, or
3194                                                                  if a higher numbered
3195                                                                  register is used
3196                                                                  explicitly. This
3197                                                                  includes the special
3198                                                                  SGPRs for VCC, Flat
3199                                                                  Scratch (GFX7-GFX9)
3200                                                                  and XNACK (for
3201                                                                  GFX8-GFX9). It does
3202                                                                  not include the 16
3203                                                                  SGPR added if a trap
3204                                                                  handler is
3205                                                                  enabled. It is not
3206                                                                  rounded up to the
3207                                                                  allocation
3208                                                                  granularity.
3209     ".vgpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of vector
3210                                                                  registers required by
3211                                                                  each work-item for
3212                                                                  GFX6-GFX9. A register
3213                                                                  is required if it is
3214                                                                  used explicitly, or
3215                                                                  if a higher numbered
3216                                                                  register is used
3217                                                                  explicitly.
3218     ".agpr_count"                       integer        Required  Number of accumulator
3219                                                                  registers required by
3220                                                                  each work-item for
3221                                                                  GFX90A, GFX908.
3222     ".max_flat_workgroup_size"          integer        Required  Maximum flat
3223                                                                  work-group size
3224                                                                  supported by the
3225                                                                  kernel in work-items.
3226                                                                  Must be >=1 and
3227                                                                  consistent with
3228                                                                  ReqdWorkGroupSize if
3229                                                                  not 0, 0, 0.
3230     ".sgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3231                                                                  a scalar register to
3232                                                                  a register allocator
3233                                                                  created spill
3234                                                                  location.
3235     ".vgpr_spill_count"                 integer                  Number of stores from
3236                                                                  a vector register to
3237                                                                  a register allocator
3238                                                                  created spill
3239                                                                  location.
3240     ".kind"                             string                   The kind of the kernel
3241                                                                  with the following
3242                                                                  values:
3243
3244                                                                  "normal"
3245                                                                    Regular kernels.
3246
3247                                                                  "init"
3248                                                                    These kernels must be
3249                                                                    invoked after loading
3250                                                                    the containing code
3251                                                                    object and must
3252                                                                    complete before any
3253                                                                    normal and fini
3254                                                                    kernels in the same
3255                                                                    code object are
3256                                                                    invoked.
3257
3258                                                                  "fini"
3259                                                                    These kernels must be
3260                                                                    invoked before
3261                                                                    unloading the
3262                                                                    containing code object
3263                                                                    and after all init and
3264                                                                    normal kernels in the
3265                                                                    same code object have
3266                                                                    been invoked and
3267                                                                    completed.
3268
3269                                                                  If omitted, "normal" is
3270                                                                  assumed.
3271     =================================== ============== ========= ================================
3272
3273..
3274
3275  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V3 Kernel Argument Metadata Map
3276     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3
3277
3278     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3279     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3280     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3281     ".name"                string                   Kernel argument name.
3282     ".type_name"           string                   Kernel argument type name.
3283     ".size"                integer        Required  Kernel argument size in bytes.
3284     ".offset"              integer        Required  Kernel argument offset in
3285                                                     bytes. The offset must be a
3286                                                     multiple of the alignment
3287                                                     required by the argument.
3288     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3289                                                     specifies how to set up the
3290                                                     corresponding argument.
3291                                                     Values include:
3292
3293                                                     "by_value"
3294                                                       The argument is copied
3295                                                       directly into the kernarg.
3296
3297                                                     "global_buffer"
3298                                                       A global address space pointer
3299                                                       to the buffer data is passed
3300                                                       in the kernarg.
3301
3302                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer"
3303                                                       A group address space pointer
3304                                                       to dynamically allocated LDS
3305                                                       is passed in the kernarg.
3306
3307                                                     "sampler"
3308                                                       A global address space
3309                                                       pointer to a S# is passed in
3310                                                       the kernarg.
3311
3312                                                     "image"
3313                                                       A global address space
3314                                                       pointer to a T# is passed in
3315                                                       the kernarg.
3316
3317                                                     "pipe"
3318                                                       A global address space pointer
3319                                                       to an OpenCL pipe is passed in
3320                                                       the kernarg.
3321
3322                                                     "queue"
3323                                                       A global address space pointer
3324                                                       to an OpenCL device enqueue
3325                                                       queue is passed in the
3326                                                       kernarg.
3327
3328                                                     "hidden_global_offset_x"
3329                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3330                                                       global offset for the X
3331                                                       dimension is passed in the
3332                                                       kernarg.
3333
3334                                                     "hidden_global_offset_y"
3335                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3336                                                       global offset for the Y
3337                                                       dimension is passed in the
3338                                                       kernarg.
3339
3340                                                     "hidden_global_offset_z"
3341                                                       The OpenCL grid dispatch
3342                                                       global offset for the Z
3343                                                       dimension is passed in the
3344                                                       kernarg.
3345
3346                                                     "hidden_none"
3347                                                       An argument that is not used
3348                                                       by the kernel. Space needs to
3349                                                       be left for it, but it does
3350                                                       not need to be set up.
3351
3352                                                     "hidden_printf_buffer"
3353                                                       A global address space pointer
3354                                                       to the runtime printf buffer
3355                                                       is passed in kernarg. Mutually
3356                                                       exclusive with
3357                                                       "hidden_hostcall_buffer"
3358                                                       before Code Object V5.
3359
3360                                                     "hidden_hostcall_buffer"
3361                                                       A global address space pointer
3362                                                       to the runtime hostcall buffer
3363                                                       is passed in kernarg. Mutually
3364                                                       exclusive with
3365                                                       "hidden_printf_buffer"
3366                                                       before Code Object V5.
3367
3368                                                     "hidden_default_queue"
3369                                                       A global address space pointer
3370                                                       to the OpenCL device enqueue
3371                                                       queue that should be used by
3372                                                       the kernel by default is
3373                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3374
3375                                                     "hidden_completion_action"
3376                                                       A global address space pointer
3377                                                       to help link enqueued kernels into
3378                                                       the ancestor tree for determining
3379                                                       when the parent kernel has finished.
3380
3381                                                     "hidden_multigrid_sync_arg"
3382                                                       A global address space pointer for
3383                                                       multi-grid synchronization is
3384                                                       passed in the kernarg.
3385
3386     ".value_type"          string                    Unused and deprecated. This should no longer
3387                                                      be emitted, but is accepted for compatibility.
3388
3389     ".pointee_align"       integer                  Alignment in bytes of pointee
3390                                                     type for pointer type kernel
3391                                                     argument. Must be a power
3392                                                     of 2. Only present if
3393                                                     ".value_kind" is
3394                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer".
3395     ".address_space"       string                   Kernel argument address space
3396                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3397                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer" or
3398                                                     "dynamic_shared_pointer". Values
3399                                                     are:
3400
3401                                                     - "private"
3402                                                     - "global"
3403                                                     - "constant"
3404                                                     - "local"
3405                                                     - "generic"
3406                                                     - "region"
3407
3408                                                     .. TODO::
3409
3410                                                        Is "global_buffer" only "global"
3411                                                        or "constant"? Is
3412                                                        "dynamic_shared_pointer" always
3413                                                        "local"? Can HCC allow "generic"?
3414                                                        How can "private" or "region"
3415                                                        ever happen?
3416
3417     ".access"              string                   Kernel argument access
3418                                                     qualifier. Only present if
3419                                                     ".value_kind" is "image" or
3420                                                     "pipe". Values
3421                                                     are:
3422
3423                                                     - "read_only"
3424                                                     - "write_only"
3425                                                     - "read_write"
3426
3427                                                     .. TODO::
3428
3429                                                        Does this apply to
3430                                                        "global_buffer"?
3431
3432     ".actual_access"       string                   The actual memory accesses
3433                                                     performed by the kernel on the
3434                                                     kernel argument. Only present if
3435                                                     ".value_kind" is "global_buffer",
3436                                                     "image", or "pipe". This may be
3437                                                     more restrictive than indicated
3438                                                     by ".access" to reflect what the
3439                                                     kernel actual does. If not
3440                                                     present then the runtime must
3441                                                     assume what is implied by
3442                                                     ".access" and ".is_const"      . Values
3443                                                     are:
3444
3445                                                     - "read_only"
3446                                                     - "write_only"
3447                                                     - "read_write"
3448
3449     ".is_const"            boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3450                                                     is const qualified. Only present
3451                                                     if ".value_kind" is
3452                                                     "global_buffer".
3453
3454     ".is_restrict"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3455                                                     is restrict qualified. Only
3456                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3457                                                     "global_buffer".
3458
3459     ".is_volatile"         boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3460                                                     is volatile qualified. Only
3461                                                     present if ".value_kind" is
3462                                                     "global_buffer".
3463
3464     ".is_pipe"             boolean                  Indicates if the kernel argument
3465                                                     is pipe qualified. Only present
3466                                                     if ".value_kind" is "pipe".
3467
3468                                                     .. TODO::
3469
3470                                                        Can "global_buffer" be pipe
3471                                                        qualified?
3472
3473     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3474
3475.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4:
3476
3477Code Object V4 Metadata
3478+++++++++++++++++++++++
3479
3480Code object V4 metadata is the same as
3481:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3` with the changes and additions
3482defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4`.
3483
3484  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V4 Metadata Map Changes
3485     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v4
3486
3487     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3488     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3489     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3490     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3491                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3492                                                - The second integer is the minor
3493                                                  version. Currently 1.
3494     "amdhsa.target"   string         Required  The target name of the code using the syntax:
3495
3496                                                .. code::
3497
3498                                                  <target-triple> [ "-" <target-id> ]
3499
3500                                                A canonical target ID must be
3501                                                used. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`
3502                                                and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
3503     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3504
3505.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5:
3506
3507Code Object V5 Metadata
3508+++++++++++++++++++++++
3509
3510.. warning::
3511  Code object V5 is not the default code object version emitted by this version
3512  of LLVM.
3513
3514
3515Code object V5 metadata is the same as
3516:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` with the changes defined in table
3517:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5` and table
3518:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5`.
3519
3520  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Metadata Map Changes
3521     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-map-table-v5
3522
3523     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3524     String Key        Value Type     Required? Description
3525     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3526     "amdhsa.version"  sequence of    Required  - The first integer is the major
3527                       2 integers                 version. Currently 1.
3528                                                - The second integer is the minor
3529                                                  version. Currently 2.
3530     ================= ============== ========= =======================================
3531
3532..
3533
3534  .. table:: AMDHSA Code Object V5 Kernel Argument Metadata Map Additions and Changes
3535     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v5
3536
3537     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3538     String Key             Value Type     Required? Description
3539     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3540     ".value_kind"          string         Required  Kernel argument kind that
3541                                                     specifies how to set up the
3542                                                     corresponding argument.
3543                                                     Values include:
3544                                                     the same as code object V3 metadata
3545                                                     (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-kernel-argument-metadata-map-table-v3`)
3546                                                     with the following additions:
3547
3548                                                     "hidden_block_count_x"
3549                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the X dimension
3550                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3551                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3552                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3553                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3554                                                       which has the grid size in work-items.
3555
3556                                                     "hidden_block_count_y"
3557                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Y dimension
3558                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3559                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3560                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3561                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3562                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3563                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3564
3565                                                     "hidden_block_count_z"
3566                                                       The grid dispatch work-group count for the Z dimension
3567                                                       is passed in the kernarg. Some languages, such as OpenCL,
3568                                                       support a last work-group in each dimension being partial.
3569                                                       This count only includes the non-partial work-group count.
3570                                                       This is not the same as the value in the AQL dispatch packet,
3571                                                       which has the grid size in work-items. If the grid dimensionality
3572                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3573
3574                                                     "hidden_group_size_x"
3575                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the X dimension is
3576                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3577                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3578                                                       dispatch packet work-group size.
3579
3580                                                     "hidden_group_size_y"
3581                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Y dimension is
3582                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3583                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3584                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3585                                                       is 1, then must be 1.
3586
3587                                                     "hidden_group_size_z"
3588                                                       The grid dispatch work-group size for the Z dimension is
3589                                                       passed in the kernarg. This size only applies to the
3590                                                       non-partial work-groups. This is the same value as the AQL
3591                                                       dispatch packet work-group size. If the grid dimensionality
3592                                                       is 1 or 2, then must be 1.
3593
3594                                                     "hidden_remainder_x"
3595                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3596                                                       of the X dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3597                                                       work group does not exist in the X dimension.
3598
3599                                                     "hidden_remainder_y"
3600                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3601                                                       of the Y dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3602                                                       work group does not exist in the Y dimension.
3603
3604                                                     "hidden_remainder_z"
3605                                                       The grid dispatch work group size of the the partial work group
3606                                                       of the Z dimension, if it exists. Must be zero if a partial
3607                                                       work group does not exist in the Z dimension.
3608
3609                                                     "hidden_grid_dims"
3610                                                       The grid dispatch dimensionality. This is the same value
3611                                                       as the AQL dispatch packet dimensionality. Must be a value
3612                                                       between 1 and 3.
3613
3614                                                     "hidden_heap_v1"
3615                                                       A global address space pointer to an initialized memory
3616                                                       buffer that conforms to the requirements of the malloc/free
3617                                                       device library V1 version implementation.
3618
3619                                                     "hidden_private_base"
3620                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing private aperture base.
3621                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between private segment
3622                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3623
3624                                                     "hidden_shared_base"
3625                                                       The high 32 bits of the flat addressing shared aperture base.
3626                                                       Only used by GFX8 to allow conversion between shared segment
3627                                                       and flat addresses. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
3628
3629                                                     "hidden_queue_ptr"
3630                                                       A global memory address space pointer to the ROCm runtime
3631                                                       ``struct amd_queue_t`` structure for the HSA queue of the
3632                                                       associated dispatch AQL packet. It is only required for pre-GFX9
3633                                                       devices for the trap handler ABI (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi`).
3634
3635     ====================== ============== ========= ================================
3636
3637..
3638
3639Kernel Dispatch
3640~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3641
3642The HSA architected queuing language (AQL) defines a user space memory interface
3643that can be used to control the dispatch of kernels, in an agent independent
3644way. An agent can have zero or more AQL queues created for it using an HSA
3645compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), in which AQL packets (all of which
3646are 64 bytes) can be placed. See the *HSA Platform System Architecture
3647Specification* [HSA]_ for the AQL queue mechanics and packet layouts.
3648
3649The packet processor of a kernel agent is responsible for detecting and
3650dispatching HSA kernels from the AQL queues associated with it. For AMD GPUs the
3651packet processor is implemented by the hardware command processor (CP),
3652asynchronous dispatch controller (ADC) and shader processor input controller
3653(SPI).
3654
3655An HSA compatible runtime can be used to allocate an AQL queue object. It uses
3656the kernel mode driver to initialize and register the AQL queue with CP.
3657
3658To dispatch a kernel the following actions are performed. This can occur in the
3659CPU host program, or from an HSA kernel executing on a GPU.
3660
36611. A pointer to an AQL queue for the kernel agent on which the kernel is to be
3662   executed is obtained.
36632. A pointer to the kernel descriptor (see
3664   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`) of the kernel to execute is obtained.
3665   It must be for a kernel that is contained in a code object that was loaded
3666   by an HSA compatible runtime on the kernel agent with which the AQL queue is
3667   associated.
36683. Space is allocated for the kernel arguments using the HSA compatible runtime
3669   allocator for a memory region with the kernarg property for the kernel agent
3670   that will execute the kernel. It must be at least 16-byte aligned.
36714. Kernel argument values are assigned to the kernel argument memory
3672   allocation. The layout is defined in the *HSA Programmer's Language
3673   Reference* [HSA]_. For AMDGPU the kernel execution directly accesses the
3674   kernel argument memory in the same way constant memory is accessed. (Note
3675   that the HSA specification allows an implementation to copy the kernel
3676   argument contents to another location that is accessed by the kernel.)
36775. An AQL kernel dispatch packet is created on the AQL queue. The HSA compatible
3678   runtime api uses 64-bit atomic operations to reserve space in the AQL queue
3679   for the packet. The packet must be set up, and the final write must use an
3680   atomic store release to set the packet kind to ensure the packet contents are
3681   visible to the kernel agent. AQL defines a doorbell signal mechanism to
3682   notify the kernel agent that the AQL queue has been updated. These rules, and
3683   the layout of the AQL queue and kernel dispatch packet is defined in the *HSA
3684   System Architecture Specification* [HSA]_.
36856. A kernel dispatch packet includes information about the actual dispatch,
3686   such as grid and work-group size, together with information from the code
3687   object about the kernel, such as segment sizes. The HSA compatible runtime
3688   queries on the kernel symbol can be used to obtain the code object values
3689   which are recorded in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`.
36907. CP executes micro-code and is responsible for detecting and setting up the
3691   GPU to execute the wavefronts of a kernel dispatch.
36928. CP ensures that when the a wavefront starts executing the kernel machine
3693   code, the scalar general purpose registers (SGPR) and vector general purpose
3694   registers (VGPR) are set up as required by the machine code. The required
3695   setup is defined in the :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. The initial
3696   register state is defined in
3697   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
36989. The prolog of the kernel machine code (see
3699   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`) sets up the machine state as necessary
3700   before continuing executing the machine code that corresponds to the kernel.
370110. When the kernel dispatch has completed execution, CP signals the completion
3702    signal specified in the kernel dispatch packet if not 0.
3703
3704.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces:
3705
3706Memory Spaces
3707~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3708
3709The memory space properties are:
3710
3711  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Spaces
3712     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces-table
3713
3714     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3715     Memory Space Name HSA Segment Hardware Address NULL Value
3716                       Name        Name     Size
3717     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3718     Private           private     scratch  32      0x00000000
3719     Local             group       LDS      32      0xFFFFFFFF
3720     Global            global      global   64      0x0000000000000000
3721     Constant          constant    *same as 64      0x0000000000000000
3722                                   global*
3723     Generic           flat        flat     64      0x0000000000000000
3724     Region            N/A         GDS      32      *not implemented
3725                                                    for AMDHSA*
3726     ================= =========== ======== ======= ==================
3727
3728The global and constant memory spaces both use global virtual addresses, which
3729are the same virtual address space used by the CPU. However, some virtual
3730addresses may only be accessible to the CPU, some only accessible by the GPU,
3731and some by both.
3732
3733Using the constant memory space indicates that the data will not change during
3734the execution of the kernel. This allows scalar read instructions to be
3735used. The vector and scalar L1 caches are invalidated of volatile data before
3736each kernel dispatch execution to allow constant memory to change values between
3737kernel dispatches.
3738
3739The local memory space uses the hardware Local Data Store (LDS) which is
3740automatically allocated when the hardware creates work-groups of wavefronts, and
3741freed when all the wavefronts of a work-group have terminated. The data store
3742(DS) instructions can be used to access it.
3743
3744The private memory space uses the hardware scratch memory support. If the kernel
3745uses scratch, then the hardware allocates memory that is accessed using
3746wavefront lane dword (4 byte) interleaving. The mapping used from private
3747address to physical address is:
3748
3749  ``wavefront-scratch-base +
3750  (private-address * wavefront-size * 4) +
3751  (wavefront-lane-id * 4)``
3752
3753There are different ways that the wavefront scratch base address is determined
3754by a wavefront (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). This
3755memory can be accessed in an interleaved manner using buffer instruction with
3756the scratch buffer descriptor and per wavefront scratch offset, by the scratch
3757instructions, or by flat instructions. If each lane of a wavefront accesses the
3758same private address, the interleaving results in adjacent dwords being accessed
3759and hence requires fewer cache lines to be fetched. Multi-dword access is not
3760supported except by flat and scratch instructions in GFX9-GFX10.
3761
3762The generic address space uses the hardware flat address support available in
3763GFX7-GFX10. This uses two fixed ranges of virtual addresses (the private and
3764local apertures), that are outside the range of addressible global memory, to
3765map from a flat address to a private or local address.
3766
3767FLAT instructions can take a flat address and access global, private (scratch)
3768and group (LDS) memory depending on if the address is within one of the
3769aperture ranges. Flat access to scratch requires hardware aperture setup and
3770setup in the kernel prologue (see
3771:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`). Flat access to LDS requires
3772hardware aperture setup and M0 (GFX7-GFX8) register setup (see
3773:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`).
3774
3775To convert between a segment address and a flat address the base address of the
3776apertures address can be used. For GFX7-GFX8 these are available in the
3777:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue` the address of which can be obtained with
3778Queue Ptr SGPR (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`). For
3779GFX9-GFX10 the aperture base addresses are directly available as inline constant
3780registers ``SRC_SHARED_BASE/LIMIT`` and ``SRC_PRIVATE_BASE/LIMIT``. In 64 bit
3781address mode the aperture sizes are 2^32 bytes and the base is aligned to 2^32
3782which makes it easier to convert from flat to segment or segment to flat.
3783
3784Image and Samplers
3785~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3786
3787Image and sample handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3788:ref:`amdgpu-os`) are 64-bit addresses of a hardware 32-byte V# and 48 byte S#
3789object respectively. In order to support the HSA ``query_sampler`` operations
3790two extra dwords are used to store the HSA BRIG enumeration values for the
3791queries that are not trivially deducible from the S# representation.
3792
3793HSA Signals
3794~~~~~~~~~~~
3795
3796HSA signal handles created by an HSA compatible runtime (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`)
3797are 64-bit addresses of a structure allocated in memory accessible from both the
3798CPU and GPU. The structure is defined by the runtime and subject to change
3799between releases. For example, see [AMD-ROCm-github]_.
3800
3801.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-hsa-aql-queue:
3802
3803HSA AQL Queue
3804~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3805
3806The HSA AQL queue structure is defined by an HSA compatible runtime (see
3807:ref:`amdgpu-os`) and subject to change between releases. For example, see
3808[AMD-ROCm-github]_. For some processors it contains fields needed to implement
3809certain language features such as the flat address aperture bases. It also
3810contains fields used by CP such as managing the allocation of scratch memory.
3811
3812.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor:
3813
3814Kernel Descriptor
3815~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3816
3817A kernel descriptor consists of the information needed by CP to initiate the
3818execution of a kernel, including the entry point address of the machine code
3819that implements the kernel.
3820
3821Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3822++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3823
3824CP microcode requires the Kernel descriptor to be allocated on 64-byte
3825alignment.
3826
3827The fields used by CP for code objects before V3 also match those specified in
3828:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
3829
3830  .. table:: Code Object V3 Kernel Descriptor
3831     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table
3832
3833     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3834     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3835     ======= ======= =============================== ============================
3836     31:0    4 bytes GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE        The amount of fixed local
3837                                                     address space memory
3838                                                     required for a work-group
3839                                                     in bytes. This does not
3840                                                     include any dynamically
3841                                                     allocated local address
3842                                                     space memory that may be
3843                                                     added when the kernel is
3844                                                     dispatched.
3845     63:32   4 bytes PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE      The amount of fixed
3846                                                     private address space
3847                                                     memory required for a
3848                                                     work-item in bytes.
3849                                                     Additional space may need to
3850                                                     be added to this value if
3851                                                     the call stack has
3852                                                     non-inlined function calls.
3853     95:64   4 bytes KERNARG_SIZE                    The size of the kernarg
3854                                                     memory pointed to by the
3855                                                     AQL dispatch packet. The
3856                                                     kernarg memory is used to
3857                                                     pass arguments to the
3858                                                     kernel.
3859
3860                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3861                                                       the dispatch packet is NULL
3862                                                       then there are no kernel
3863                                                       arguments.
3864                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3865                                                       the dispatch packet is
3866                                                       not NULL and this value
3867                                                       is 0 then the kernarg
3868                                                       memory size is
3869                                                       unspecified.
3870                                                     * If the kernarg pointer in
3871                                                       the dispatch packet is
3872                                                       not NULL and this value
3873                                                       is not 0 then the value
3874                                                       specifies the kernarg
3875                                                       memory size in bytes. It
3876                                                       is recommended to provide
3877                                                       a value as it may be used
3878                                                       by CP to optimize making
3879                                                       the kernarg memory
3880                                                       visible to the kernel
3881                                                       code.
3882
3883     127:96  4 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3884     191:128 8 bytes KERNEL_CODE_ENTRY_BYTE_OFFSET   Byte offset (possibly
3885                                                     negative) from base
3886                                                     address of kernel
3887                                                     descriptor to kernel's
3888                                                     entry point instruction
3889                                                     which must be 256 byte
3890                                                     aligned.
3891     351:272 20                                      Reserved, must be 0.
3892             bytes
3893     383:352 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3               GFX6-GFX9
3894                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3895                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3896                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3897                                                       program settings used by
3898                                                       CP to set up
3899                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3900                                                       configuration
3901                                                       register. See
3902                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
3903                                                     GFX10
3904                                                       Compute Shader (CS)
3905                                                       program settings used by
3906                                                       CP to set up
3907                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3``
3908                                                       configuration
3909                                                       register. See
3910                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
3911     415:384 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1               Compute Shader (CS)
3912                                                     program settings used by
3913                                                     CP to set up
3914                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1``
3915                                                     configuration
3916                                                     register. See
3917                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3918     447:416 4 bytes COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2               Compute Shader (CS)
3919                                                     program settings used by
3920                                                     CP to set up
3921                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2``
3922                                                     configuration
3923                                                     register. See
3924                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
3925     458:448 7 bits  *See separate bits below.*      Enable the setup of the
3926                                                     SGPR user data registers
3927                                                     (see
3928                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
3929
3930                                                     The total number of SGPR
3931                                                     user data registers
3932                                                     requested must not exceed
3933                                                     16 and match value in
3934                                                     ``compute_pgm_rsrc2.user_sgpr.user_sgpr_count``.
3935                                                     Any requests beyond 16
3936                                                     will be ignored.
3937     >448    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT     If the *Target Properties*
3938                     _BUFFER                         column of
3939                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3940                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3941                                                     scratch* then not supported
3942                                                     and must be 0,
3943     >449    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR
3944     >450    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR
3945     >451    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR
3946     >452    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID
3947     >453    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT   If the *Target Properties*
3948                                                     column of
3949                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
3950                                                     specifies *Architected flat
3951                                                     scratch* then not supported
3952                                                     and must be 0,
3953     >454    1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT
3954                     _SIZE
3955     457:455 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3956     458     1 bit   ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32         GFX6-GFX9
3957                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
3958                                                     GFX10
3959                                                       - If 0 execute in
3960                                                         wavefront size 64 mode.
3961                                                       - If 1 execute in
3962                                                         native wavefront size
3963                                                         32 mode.
3964     463:459 1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
3965     464     1 bit   RESERVED_464                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3966     467:465 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3967     468     1 bit   RESERVED_468                    Deprecated, must be 0.
3968     469:471 3 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
3969     511:472 5 bytes                                 Reserved, must be 0.
3970     512     **Total size 64 bytes.**
3971     ======= ====================================================================
3972
3973..
3974
3975  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc1 for GFX6-GFX10
3976     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table
3977
3978     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3979     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
3980     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
3981     5:0     6 bits  GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT  Number of vector register
3982                                                     blocks used by each work-item;
3983                                                     granularity is device
3984                                                     specific:
3985
3986                                                     GFX6-GFX9
3987                                                       - vgprs_used 0..256
3988                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
3989                                                     GFX90A, GFX940
3990                                                       - vgprs_used 0..512
3991                                                       - vgprs_used = align(arch_vgprs, 4)
3992                                                                      + acc_vgprs
3993                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
3994                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 64)
3995                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
3996                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 4) - 1)
3997                                                     GFX10 (wavefront size 32)
3998                                                       - max_vgpr 1..256
3999                                                       - max(0, ceil(vgprs_used / 8) - 1)
4000
4001                                                     Where vgprs_used is defined
4002                                                     as the highest VGPR number
4003                                                     explicitly referenced plus
4004                                                     one.
4005
4006                                                     Used by CP to set up
4007                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.VGPRS``.
4008
4009                                                     The
4010                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4011                                                     calculates this
4012                                                     automatically for the
4013                                                     selected processor from
4014                                                     values provided to the
4015                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4016                                                     by the
4017                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr`
4018                                                     nested directive (see
4019                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4020     9:6     4 bits  GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT Number of scalar register
4021                                                     blocks used by a wavefront;
4022                                                     granularity is device
4023                                                     specific:
4024
4025                                                     GFX6-GFX8
4026                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4027                                                       - max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 8) - 1)
4028                                                     GFX9
4029                                                       - sgprs_used 0..112
4030                                                       - 2 * max(0, ceil(sgprs_used / 16) - 1)
4031                                                     GFX10
4032                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4033                                                       (128 SGPRs always
4034                                                       allocated.)
4035
4036                                                     Where sgprs_used is
4037                                                     defined as the highest
4038                                                     SGPR number explicitly
4039                                                     referenced plus one, plus
4040                                                     a target specific number
4041                                                     of additional special
4042                                                     SGPRs for VCC,
4043                                                     FLAT_SCRATCH (GFX7+) and
4044                                                     XNACK_MASK (GFX8+), and
4045                                                     any additional
4046                                                     target specific
4047                                                     limitations. It does not
4048                                                     include the 16 SGPRs added
4049                                                     if a trap handler is
4050                                                     enabled.
4051
4052                                                     The target specific
4053                                                     limitations and special
4054                                                     SGPR layout are defined in
4055                                                     the hardware
4056                                                     documentation, which can
4057                                                     be found in the
4058                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-processors`
4059                                                     table.
4060
4061                                                     Used by CP to set up
4062                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.SGPRS``.
4063
4064                                                     The
4065                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-assembler`
4066                                                     calculates this
4067                                                     automatically for the
4068                                                     selected processor from
4069                                                     values provided to the
4070                                                     `.amdhsa_kernel` directive
4071                                                     by the
4072                                                     `.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr`
4073                                                     and `.amdhsa_reserve_*`
4074                                                     nested directives (see
4075                                                     :ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`).
4076     11:10   2 bits  PRIORITY                        Must be 0.
4077
4078                                                     Start executing wavefront
4079                                                     at the specified priority.
4080
4081                                                     CP is responsible for
4082                                                     filling in
4083                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIORITY``.
4084     13:12   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32             Wavefront starts execution
4085                                                     with specified rounding
4086                                                     mode for single (32
4087                                                     bit) floating point
4088                                                     precision floating point
4089                                                     operations.
4090
4091                                                     Floating point rounding
4092                                                     mode values are defined in
4093                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4094
4095                                                     Used by CP to set up
4096                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4097     15:14   2 bits  FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64          Wavefront starts execution
4098                                                     with specified rounding
4099                                                     denorm mode for half/double (16
4100                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4101                                                     precision floating point
4102                                                     operations.
4103
4104                                                     Floating point rounding
4105                                                     mode values are defined in
4106                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4107
4108                                                     Used by CP to set up
4109                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4110     17:16   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32            Wavefront starts execution
4111                                                     with specified denorm mode
4112                                                     for single (32
4113                                                     bit)  floating point
4114                                                     precision floating point
4115                                                     operations.
4116
4117                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4118                                                     values are defined in
4119                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4120
4121                                                     Used by CP to set up
4122                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4123     19:18   2 bits  FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64         Wavefront starts execution
4124                                                     with specified denorm mode
4125                                                     for half/double (16
4126                                                     and 64-bit) floating point
4127                                                     precision floating point
4128                                                     operations.
4129
4130                                                     Floating point denorm mode
4131                                                     values are defined in
4132                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
4133
4134                                                     Used by CP to set up
4135                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FLOAT_MODE``.
4136     20      1 bit   PRIV                            Must be 0.
4137
4138                                                     Start executing wavefront
4139                                                     in privilege trap handler
4140                                                     mode.
4141
4142                                                     CP is responsible for
4143                                                     filling in
4144                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.PRIV``.
4145     21      1 bit   ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP               Wavefront starts execution
4146                                                     with DX10 clamp mode
4147                                                     enabled. Used by the vector
4148                                                     ALU to force DX10 style
4149                                                     treatment of NaN's (when
4150                                                     set, clamp NaN to zero,
4151                                                     otherwise pass NaN
4152                                                     through).
4153
4154                                                     Used by CP to set up
4155                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DX10_CLAMP``.
4156     22      1 bit   DEBUG_MODE                      Must be 0.
4157
4158                                                     Start executing wavefront
4159                                                     in single step mode.
4160
4161                                                     CP is responsible for
4162                                                     filling in
4163                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.DEBUG_MODE``.
4164     23      1 bit   ENABLE_IEEE_MODE                Wavefront starts execution
4165                                                     with IEEE mode
4166                                                     enabled. Floating point
4167                                                     opcodes that support
4168                                                     exception flag gathering
4169                                                     will quiet and propagate
4170                                                     signaling-NaN inputs per
4171                                                     IEEE 754-2008. Min_dx10 and
4172                                                     max_dx10 become IEEE
4173                                                     754-2008 compliant due to
4174                                                     signaling-NaN propagation
4175                                                     and quieting.
4176
4177                                                     Used by CP to set up
4178                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.IEEE_MODE``.
4179     24      1 bit   BULKY                           Must be 0.
4180
4181                                                     Only one work-group allowed
4182                                                     to execute on a compute
4183                                                     unit.
4184
4185                                                     CP is responsible for
4186                                                     filling in
4187                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.BULKY``.
4188     25      1 bit   CDBG_USER                       Must be 0.
4189
4190                                                     Flag that can be used to
4191                                                     control debugging code.
4192
4193                                                     CP is responsible for
4194                                                     filling in
4195                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.CDBG_USER``.
4196     26      1 bit   FP16_OVFL                       GFX6-GFX8
4197                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4198                                                     GFX9-GFX10
4199                                                       Wavefront starts execution
4200                                                       with specified fp16 overflow
4201                                                       mode.
4202
4203                                                       - If 0, fp16 overflow generates
4204                                                         +/-INF values.
4205                                                       - If 1, fp16 overflow that is the
4206                                                         result of an +/-INF input value
4207                                                         or divide by 0 produces a +/-INF,
4208                                                         otherwise clamps computed
4209                                                         overflow to +/-MAX_FP16 as
4210                                                         appropriate.
4211
4212                                                       Used by CP to set up
4213                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FP16_OVFL``.
4214     28:27   2 bits                                  Reserved, must be 0.
4215     29      1 bit    WGP_MODE                       GFX6-GFX9
4216                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4217                                                     GFX10
4218                                                       - If 0 execute work-groups in
4219                                                         CU wavefront execution mode.
4220                                                       - If 1 execute work-groups on
4221                                                         in WGP wavefront execution mode.
4222
4223                                                       See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`.
4224
4225                                                       Used by CP to set up
4226                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.WGP_MODE``.
4227     30      1 bit    MEM_ORDERED                    GFX6-GFX9
4228                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4229                                                     GFX10
4230                                                       Controls the behavior of the
4231                                                       s_waitcnt's vmcnt and vscnt
4232                                                       counters.
4233
4234                                                       - If 0 vmcnt reports completion
4235                                                         of load and atomic with return
4236                                                         out of order with sample
4237                                                         instructions, and the vscnt
4238                                                         reports the completion of
4239                                                         store and atomic without
4240                                                         return in order.
4241                                                       - If 1 vmcnt reports completion
4242                                                         of load, atomic with return
4243                                                         and sample instructions in
4244                                                         order, and the vscnt reports
4245                                                         the completion of store and
4246                                                         atomic without return in order.
4247
4248                                                       Used by CP to set up
4249                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.MEM_ORDERED``.
4250     31      1 bit    FWD_PROGRESS                   GFX6-GFX9
4251                                                       Reserved, must be 0.
4252                                                     GFX10
4253                                                       - If 0 execute SIMD wavefronts
4254                                                         using oldest first policy.
4255                                                       - If 1 execute SIMD wavefronts to
4256                                                         ensure wavefronts will make some
4257                                                         forward progress.
4258
4259                                                       Used by CP to set up
4260                                                       ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1.FWD_PROGRESS``.
4261     32      **Total size 4 bytes**
4262     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4263
4264..
4265
4266  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc2 for GFX6-GFX10
4267     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table
4268
4269     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4270     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4271     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4272     0       1 bit   ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT          * Enable the setup of the
4273                                                       private segment.
4274                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4275                                                       column of
4276                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4277                                                       does not specify
4278                                                       *Architected flat
4279                                                       scratch* then enable the
4280                                                       setup of the SGPR
4281                                                       wavefront scratch offset
4282                                                       system register (see
4283                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4284                                                     * If the *Target Properties*
4285                                                       column of
4286                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4287                                                       specifies *Architected
4288                                                       flat scratch* then enable
4289                                                       the setup of the
4290                                                       FLAT_SCRATCH register
4291                                                       pair (see
4292                                                       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4293
4294                                                     Used by CP to set up
4295                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.SCRATCH_EN``.
4296     5:1     5 bits  USER_SGPR_COUNT                 The total number of SGPR
4297                                                     user data
4298                                                     registers requested. This
4299                                                     number must be greater than
4300                                                     or equal to the number of user
4301                                                     data registers enabled.
4302
4303                                                     Used by CP to set up
4304                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.USER_SGPR``.
4305     6       1 bit   ENABLE_TRAP_HANDLER             Must be 0.
4306
4307                                                     This bit represents
4308                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TRAP_PRESENT``,
4309                                                     which is set by the CP if
4310                                                     the runtime has installed a
4311                                                     trap handler.
4312     7       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X      Enable the setup of the
4313                                                     system SGPR register for
4314                                                     the work-group id in the X
4315                                                     dimension (see
4316                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4317
4318                                                     Used by CP to set up
4319                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_X_EN``.
4320     8       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y      Enable the setup of the
4321                                                     system SGPR register for
4322                                                     the work-group id in the Y
4323                                                     dimension (see
4324                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4325
4326                                                     Used by CP to set up
4327                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Y_EN``.
4328     9       1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z      Enable the setup of the
4329                                                     system SGPR register for
4330                                                     the work-group id in the Z
4331                                                     dimension (see
4332                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4333
4334                                                     Used by CP to set up
4335                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_Z_EN``.
4336     10      1 bit   ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO      Enable the setup of the
4337                                                     system SGPR register for
4338                                                     work-group information (see
4339                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4340
4341                                                     Used by CP to set up
4342                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TGID_SIZE_EN``.
4343     12:11   2 bits  ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID         Enable the setup of the
4344                                                     VGPR system registers used
4345                                                     for the work-item ID.
4346                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`
4347                                                     defines the values.
4348
4349                                                     Used by CP to set up
4350                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.TIDIG_CMP_CNT``.
4351     13      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_ADDRESS_WATCH  Must be 0.
4352
4353                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4354                                                     with address watch
4355                                                     exceptions enabled which
4356                                                     are generated when L1 has
4357                                                     witnessed a thread access
4358                                                     an *address of
4359                                                     interest*.
4360
4361                                                     CP is responsible for
4362                                                     filling in the address
4363                                                     watch bit in
4364                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4365                                                     according to what the
4366                                                     runtime requests.
4367     14      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_MEMORY         Must be 0.
4368
4369                                                     Wavefront starts execution
4370                                                     with memory violation
4371                                                     exceptions exceptions
4372                                                     enabled which are generated
4373                                                     when a memory violation has
4374                                                     occurred for this wavefront from
4375                                                     L1 or LDS
4376                                                     (write-to-read-only-memory,
4377                                                     mis-aligned atomic, LDS
4378                                                     address out of range,
4379                                                     illegal address, etc.).
4380
4381                                                     CP sets the memory
4382                                                     violation bit in
4383                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN_MSB``
4384                                                     according to what the
4385                                                     runtime requests.
4386     23:15   9 bits  GRANULATED_LDS_SIZE             Must be 0.
4387
4388                                                     CP uses the rounded value
4389                                                     from the dispatch packet,
4390                                                     not this value, as the
4391                                                     dispatch may contain
4392                                                     dynamically allocated group
4393                                                     segment memory. CP writes
4394                                                     directly to
4395                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.LDS_SIZE``.
4396
4397                                                     Amount of group segment
4398                                                     (LDS) to allocate for each
4399                                                     work-group. Granularity is
4400                                                     device specific:
4401
4402                                                     GFX6
4403                                                       roundup(lds-size / (64 * 4))
4404                                                     GFX7-GFX10
4405                                                       roundup(lds-size / (128 * 4))
4406
4407     24      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    Wavefront starts execution
4408                     _INVALID_OPERATION              with specified exceptions
4409                                                     enabled.
4410
4411                                                     Used by CP to set up
4412                                                     ``COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2.EXCP_EN``
4413                                                     (set from bits 0..6).
4414
4415                                                     IEEE 754 FP Invalid
4416                                                     Operation
4417     25      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL    FP Denormal one or more
4418                     _SOURCE                         input operands is a
4419                                                     denormal number
4420     26      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Division by
4421                     _DIVISION_BY_ZERO               Zero
4422     27      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP FP Overflow
4423                     _OVERFLOW
4424     28      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Underflow
4425                     _UNDERFLOW
4426     29      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP    IEEE 754 FP Inexact
4427                     _INEXACT
4428     30      1 bit   ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY  Integer Division by Zero
4429                     _ZERO                           (rcp_iflag_f32 instruction
4430                                                     only)
4431     31      1 bit                                   Reserved, must be 0.
4432     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4433     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4434
4435..
4436
4437  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX90A, GFX940
4438     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table
4439
4440     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4441     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4442     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4443     5:0     6 bits  ACCUM_OFFSET                    Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file. Granularity 4.
4444                                                     Value 0-63. 0 - accum-offset = 4, 1 - accum-offset = 8, ...,
4445                                                     63 - accum-offset = 256.
4446     6:15    10                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4447             bits
4448     16      1 bit   TG_SPLIT                        - If 0 the waves of a work-group are
4449                                                       launched in the same CU.
4450                                                     - If 1 the waves of a work-group can be
4451                                                       launched in different CUs. The waves
4452                                                       cannot use S_BARRIER or LDS.
4453     17:31   15                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4454             bits
4455     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4456     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4457
4458..
4459
4460  .. table:: compute_pgm_rsrc3 for GFX10
4461     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table
4462
4463     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4464     Bits    Size    Field Name                      Description
4465     ======= ======= =============================== ===========================================================================
4466     3:0     4 bits  SHARED_VGPR_COUNT               Number of shared VGPR blocks when executing in subvector mode. For
4467                                                     wavefront size 64 the value is 0-15, representing 0-120 VGPRs (granularity
4468                                                     of 8), such that (compute_pgm_rsrc1.vgprs +1)*4 + shared_vgpr_count*8 does
4469                                                     not exceed 256. For wavefront size 32 shared_vgpr_count must be 0.
4470     31:4    28                                      Reserved, must be 0.
4471             bits
4472     32      **Total size 4 bytes.**
4473     ======= ===================================================================================================================
4474
4475..
4476
4477  .. table:: Floating Point Rounding Mode Enumeration Values
4478     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table
4479
4480     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4481     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4482     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4483     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_NEAR_EVEN             0     Round Ties To Even
4484     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_PLUS_INFINITY         1     Round Toward +infinity
4485     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_MINUS_INFINITY        2     Round Toward -infinity
4486     FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_ZERO                  3     Round Toward 0
4487     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4488
4489..
4490
4491  .. table:: Floating Point Denorm Mode Enumeration Values
4492     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table
4493
4494     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4495     Enumeration Name                       Value Description
4496     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4497     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC_DST        0     Flush Source and Destination
4498                                                  Denorms
4499     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_DST            1     Flush Output Denorms
4500     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_SRC            2     Flush Source Denorms
4501     FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_FLUSH_NONE           3     No Flush
4502     ====================================== ===== ==============================
4503
4504..
4505
4506  .. table:: System VGPR Work-Item ID Enumeration Values
4507     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table
4508
4509     ======================================== ===== ============================
4510     Enumeration Name                         Value Description
4511     ======================================== ===== ============================
4512     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X                0     Set work-item X dimension
4513                                                    ID.
4514     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y              1     Set work-item X and Y
4515                                                    dimensions ID.
4516     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_X_Y_Z            2     Set work-item X, Y and Z
4517                                                    dimensions ID.
4518     SYSTEM_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID_UNDEFINED        3     Undefined.
4519     ======================================== ===== ============================
4520
4521.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state:
4522
4523Initial Kernel Execution State
4524~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4525
4526This section defines the register state that will be set up by the packet
4527processor prior to the start of execution of every wavefront. This is limited by
4528the constraints of the hardware controllers of CP/ADC/SPI.
4529
4530The order of the SGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4531ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit
4532fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4533for enabled registers are dense starting at SGPR0: the first enabled register is
4534SGPR0, the next enabled register is SGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have
4535an SGPR number.
4536
4537The initial SGPRs comprise up to 16 User SRGPs that are set by CP and apply to
4538all wavefronts of the grid. It is possible to specify more than 16 User SGPRs
4539using the ``enable_sgpr_*`` bit fields, in which case only the first 16 are
4540actually initialized. These are then immediately followed by the System SGPRs
4541that are set up by ADC/SPI and can have different values for each wavefront of
4542the grid dispatch.
4543
4544SGPR register initial state is defined in
4545:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
4546
4547  .. table:: SGPR Register Set Up Order
4548     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table
4549
4550     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4551     SGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4552                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4553                field)                     SGPRs
4554     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4555     First      Private Segment Buffer     4      See
4556                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4557                _segment_buffer)
4558     then       Dispatch Ptr               2      64-bit address of AQL dispatch
4559                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_ptr)        packet for kernel dispatch
4560                                                  actually executing.
4561     then       Queue Ptr                  2      64-bit address of amd_queue_t
4562                (enable_sgpr_queue_ptr)           object for AQL queue on which
4563                                                  the dispatch packet was
4564                                                  queued.
4565     then       Kernarg Segment Ptr        2      64-bit address of Kernarg
4566                (enable_sgpr_kernarg              segment. This is directly
4567                _segment_ptr)                     copied from the
4568                                                  kernarg_address in the kernel
4569                                                  dispatch packet.
4570
4571                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4572                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4573                                                  every wavefront.
4574     then       Dispatch Id                2      64-bit Dispatch ID of the
4575                (enable_sgpr_dispatch_id)         dispatch packet being
4576                                                  executed.
4577     then       Flat Scratch Init          2      See
4578                (enable_sgpr_flat_scratch         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4579                _init)
4580     then       Private Segment Size       1      The 32-bit byte size of a
4581                (enable_sgpr_private              single work-item's memory
4582                _segment_size)                    allocation. This is the
4583                                                  value from the kernel
4584                                                  dispatch packet Private
4585                                                  Segment Byte Size rounded up
4586                                                  by CP to a multiple of
4587                                                  DWORD.
4588
4589                                                  Having CP load it once avoids
4590                                                  loading it at the beginning of
4591                                                  every wavefront.
4592
4593                                                  This is not used for
4594                                                  GFX7-GFX8 since it is the same
4595                                                  value as the second SGPR of
4596                                                  Flat Scratch Init. However, it
4597                                                  may be needed for GFX9-GFX10 which
4598                                                  changes the meaning of the
4599                                                  Flat Scratch Init value.
4600     then       Work-Group Id X            1      32-bit work-group id in X
4601                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4602                _X)                               wavefront.
4603     then       Work-Group Id Y            1      32-bit work-group id in Y
4604                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4605                _Y)                               wavefront.
4606     then       Work-Group Id Z            1      32-bit work-group id in Z
4607                (enable_sgpr_workgroup_id         dimension of grid for
4608                _Z)                               wavefront.
4609     then       Work-Group Info            1      {first_wavefront, 14'b0000,
4610                (enable_sgpr_workgroup            ordered_append_term[10:0],
4611                _info)                            threadgroup_size_in_wavefronts[5:0]}
4612     then       Scratch Wavefront Offset   1      See
4613                (enable_sgpr_private              :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4614                _segment_wavefront_offset)        and
4615                                                  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`.
4616     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4617
4618The order of the VGPR registers is defined, but the compiler can specify which
4619ones are actually setup in the kernel descriptor using the ``enable_vgpr*`` bit
4620fields (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`). The register numbers used
4621for enabled registers are dense starting at VGPR0: the first enabled register is
4622VGPR0, the next enabled register is VGPR1 etc.; disabled registers do not have a
4623VGPR number.
4624
4625There are different methods used for the VGPR initial state:
4626
4627* Unless the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4628  specifies otherwise, a separate VGPR register is used per work-item ID. The
4629  VGPR register initial state for this method is defined in
4630  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table`.
4631* If *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4632  specifies *Packed work-item IDs*, the initial value of VGPR0 register is used
4633  for all work-item IDs. The register layout for this method is defined in
4634  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table`.
4635
4636  .. table:: VGPR Register Set Up Order for Unpacked Work-Item ID Method
4637     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-vgpr-register-set-up-order-for-unpacked-work-item-id-method-table
4638
4639     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4640     VGPR Order Name                       Number Description
4641                (kernel descriptor enable  of
4642                field)                     VGPRs
4643     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4644     First      Work-Item Id X             1      32-bit work-item id in X
4645                (Always initialized)              dimension of work-group for
4646                                                  wavefront lane.
4647     then       Work-Item Id Y             1      32-bit work-item id in Y
4648                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4649                > 0)                              wavefront lane.
4650     then       Work-Item Id Z             1      32-bit work-item id in Z
4651                (enable_vgpr_workitem_id          dimension of work-group for
4652                > 1)                              wavefront lane.
4653     ========== ========================== ====== ==============================
4654
4655..
4656
4657  .. table:: Register Layout for Packed Work-Item ID Method
4658     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-register-layout-for-packed-work-item-id-method-table
4659
4660     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4661     Bits    Size    Field Name       Description
4662     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4663     0:9     10 bits Work-Item Id X   Work-item id in X
4664                                      dimension of work-group for
4665                                      wavefront lane.
4666
4667                                      Always initialized.
4668
4669     10:19   10 bits Work-Item Id Y   Work-item id in Y
4670                                      dimension of work-group for
4671                                      wavefront lane.
4672
4673                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4674                                      0, otherwise set to 0.
4675     20:29   10 bits Work-Item Id Z   Work-item id in Z
4676                                      dimension of work-group for
4677                                      wavefront lane.
4678
4679                                      Initialized if enable_vgpr_workitem_id >
4680                                      1, otherwise set to 0.
4681     30:31   2 bits                   Reserved, set to 0.
4682     ======= ======= ================ =========================================
4683
4684The setting of registers is done by GPU CP/ADC/SPI hardware as follows:
4685
46861. SGPRs before the Work-Group Ids are set by CP using the 16 User Data
4687   registers.
46882. Work-group Id registers X, Y, Z are set by ADC which supports any
4689   combination including none.
46903. Scratch Wavefront Offset is set by SPI in a per wavefront basis which is why
4691   its value cannot be included with the flat scratch init value which is per
4692   queue (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`).
46934. The VGPRs are set by SPI which only supports specifying either (X), (X, Y)
4694   or (X, Y, Z).
46955. Flat Scratch register pair initialization is described in
4696   :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
4697
4698The global segment can be accessed either using buffer instructions (GFX6 which
4699has V# 64-bit address support), flat instructions (GFX7-GFX10), or global
4700instructions (GFX9-GFX10).
4701
4702If buffer operations are used, then the compiler can generate a V# with the
4703following properties:
4704
4705* base address of 0
4706* no swizzle
4707* ATC: 1 if IOMMU present (such as APU)
4708* ptr64: 1
4709* MTYPE set to support memory coherence that matches the runtime (such as CC for
4710  APU and NC for dGPU).
4711
4712.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog:
4713
4714Kernel Prolog
4715~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4716
4717The compiler performs initialization in the kernel prologue depending on the
4718target and information about things like stack usage in the kernel and called
4719functions. Some of this initialization requires the compiler to request certain
4720User and System SGPRs be present in the
4721:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` via the
4722:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
4723
4724.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-cfi:
4725
4726CFI
4727+++
4728
47291.  The CFI return address is undefined.
4730
47312.  The CFI CFA is defined using an expression which evaluates to a location
4732    description that comprises one memory location description for the
4733    ``DW_ASPACE_AMDGPU_private_lane`` address space address ``0``.
4734
4735.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0:
4736
4737M0
4738++
4739
4740GFX6-GFX8
4741  The M0 register must be initialized with a value at least the total LDS size
4742  if the kernel may access LDS via DS or flat operations. Total LDS size is
4743  available in dispatch packet. For M0, it is also possible to use maximum
4744  possible value of LDS for given target (0x7FFF for GFX6 and 0xFFFF for
4745  GFX7-GFX8).
4746GFX9-GFX10
4747  The M0 register is not used for range checking LDS accesses and so does not
4748  need to be initialized in the prolog.
4749
4750.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-stack-pointer:
4751
4752Stack Pointer
4753+++++++++++++
4754
4755If the kernel has function calls it must set up the ABI stack pointer described
4756in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions` by setting
4757SGPR32 to the unswizzled scratch offset of the address past the last local
4758allocation.
4759
4760.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-frame-pointer:
4761
4762Frame Pointer
4763+++++++++++++
4764
4765If the kernel needs a frame pointer for the reasons defined in
4766``SIFrameLowering`` then SGPR33 is used and is always set to ``0`` in the
4767kernel prolog. If a frame pointer is not required then all uses of the frame
4768pointer are replaced with immediate ``0`` offsets.
4769
4770.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch:
4771
4772Flat Scratch
4773++++++++++++
4774
4775There are different methods used for initializing flat scratch:
4776
4777* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4778  specifies *Does not support generic address space*:
4779
4780  Flat scratch is not supported and there is no flat scratch register pair.
4781
4782* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4783  specifies *Offset flat scratch*:
4784
4785  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4786  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4787  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI). Initialization uses Flat Scratch Init and
4788  Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4789  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4790
4791  1. The low word of Flat Scratch Init is the 32-bit byte offset from
4792     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to the base of scratch backing memory
4793     being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch. This is
4794     the same value used in the Scratch Segment Buffer V# base address.
4795
4796     CP obtains this from the runtime. (The Scratch Segment Buffer base address
4797     is ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` plus this offset.)
4798
4799     The prolog must add the value of Scratch Wavefront Offset to get the
4800     wavefront's byte scratch backing memory offset from
4801     ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID``.
4802
4803     The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4804     segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer.
4805
4806     Since FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is in units of 256 bytes, the offset must be right
4807     shifted by 8 before moving into FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.
4808
4809     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI corresponds to SGPRn-4 on GFX7, and SGPRn-6 on GFX8 (where
4810     SGPRn is the highest numbered SGPR allocated to the wavefront).
4811     FLAT_SCRATCH_HI is multiplied by 256 (as it is in units of 256 bytes) and
4812     added to ``SH_HIDDEN_PRIVATE_BASE_VIMID`` to calculate the per wavefront
4813     FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat memory instructions that access the scratch
4814     aperture.
4815  2. The second word of Flat Scratch Init is 32-bit byte size of a single
4816     work-items scratch memory usage.
4817
4818     CP obtains this from the runtime, and it is always a multiple of DWORD. CP
4819     checks that the value in the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte
4820     Size is not larger and requests the runtime to increase the queue's scratch
4821     size if necessary.
4822
4823     CP directly loads from the kernel dispatch packet Private Segment Byte Size
4824     field and rounds up to a multiple of DWORD. Having CP load it once avoids
4825     loading it at the beginning of every wavefront.
4826
4827     The kernel prolog code must move it to FLAT_SCRATCH_LO which is SGPRn-3 on
4828     GFX7 and SGPRn-5 on GFX8. FLAT_SCRATCH_LO is used as the FLAT SCRATCH SIZE
4829     in flat memory instructions.
4830
4831* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4832  specifies *Absolute flat scratch*:
4833
4834  If the kernel or any function it calls may use flat operations to access
4835  scratch memory, the prolog code must set up the FLAT_SCRATCH register pair
4836  (FLAT_SCRATCH_LO/FLAT_SCRATCH_HI which are in SGPRn-4/SGPRn-3). Initialization
4837  uses Flat Scratch Init and Scratch Wavefront Offset SGPR registers (see
4838  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`):
4839
4840  The Flat Scratch Init is the 64-bit address of the base of scratch backing
4841  memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel dispatch.
4842
4843  CP obtains this from the runtime.
4844
4845  The kernel prolog must add the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset
4846  and move the result as a 64-bit value to the FLAT_SCRATCH SGPR register pair
4847  which is SGPRn-6 and SGPRn-5. It is used as the FLAT SCRATCH BASE in flat
4848  memory instructions.
4849
4850  The Scratch Wavefront Offset must also be used as an offset with Private
4851  segment address when using the Scratch Segment Buffer (see
4852  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`).
4853
4854* If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table`
4855  specifies *Architected flat scratch*:
4856
4857  If ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT is enabled in
4858  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table` then the FLAT_SCRATCH
4859  register pair will be initialized to the 64-bit address of the base of scratch
4860  backing memory being managed by SPI for the queue executing the kernel
4861  dispatch plus the value of the wave's Scratch Wavefront Offset for use as the
4862  flat scratch base in flat memory instructions.
4863
4864.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer:
4865
4866Private Segment Buffer
4867++++++++++++++++++++++
4868
4869If the *Target Properties* column of :ref:`amdgpu-processor-table` specifies
4870*Architected flat scratch* then a Private Segment Buffer is not supported.
4871Instead the flat SCRATCH instructions are used.
4872
4873Otherwise, Private Segment Buffer SGPR register is used to initialize 4 SGPRs
4874that are used as a V# to access scratch. CP uses the value provided by the
4875runtime. It is used, together with Scratch Wavefront Offset as an offset, to
4876access the private memory space using a segment address. See
4877:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
4878
4879The scratch V# is a four-aligned SGPR and always selected for the kernel as
4880follows:
4881
4882  - If it is known during instruction selection that there is stack usage,
4883    SGPR0-3 is reserved for use as the scratch V#.  Stack usage is assumed if
4884    optimizations are disabled (``-O0``), if stack objects already exist (for
4885    locals, etc.), or if there are any function calls.
4886
4887  - Otherwise, four high numbered SGPRs beginning at a four-aligned SGPR index
4888    are reserved for the tentative scratch V#. These will be used if it is
4889    determined that spilling is needed.
4890
4891    - If no use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then it is unreserved,
4892      and the register count is determined ignoring it.
4893    - If use is made of the tentative scratch V#, then its register numbers
4894      are shifted to the first four-aligned SGPR index after the highest one
4895      allocated by the register allocator, and all uses are updated. The
4896      register count includes them in the shifted location.
4897    - In either case, if the processor has the SGPR allocation bug, the
4898      tentative allocation is not shifted or unreserved in order to ensure
4899      the register count is higher to workaround the bug.
4900
4901    .. note::
4902
4903      This approach of using a tentative scratch V# and shifting the register
4904      numbers if used avoids having to perform register allocation a second
4905      time if the tentative V# is eliminated. This is more efficient and
4906      avoids the problem that the second register allocation may perform
4907      spilling which will fail as there is no longer a scratch V#.
4908
4909When the kernel prolog code is being emitted it is known whether the scratch V#
4910described above is actually used. If it is, the prolog code must set it up by
4911copying the Private Segment Buffer to the scratch V# registers and then adding
4912the Private Segment Wavefront Offset to the queue base address in the V#. The
4913result is a V# with a base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront
4914scratch backing memory.
4915
4916The Private Segment Buffer is always requested, but the Private Segment
4917Wavefront Offset is only requested if it is used (see
4918:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`).
4919
4920.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model:
4921
4922Memory Model
4923~~~~~~~~~~~~
4924
4925This section describes the mapping of the LLVM memory model onto AMDGPU machine
4926code (see :ref:`memmodel`).
4927
4928The AMDGPU backend supports the memory synchronization scopes specified in
4929:ref:`amdgpu-memory-scopes`.
4930
4931The code sequences used to implement the memory model specify the order of
4932instructions that a single thread must execute. The ``s_waitcnt`` and cache
4933management instructions such as ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` are defined with respect
4934to other memory instructions executed by the same thread. This allows them to be
4935moved earlier or later which can allow them to be combined with other instances
4936of the same instruction, or hoisted/sunk out of loops to improve performance.
4937Only the instructions related to the memory model are given; additional
4938``s_waitcnt`` instructions are required to ensure registers are defined before
4939being used. These may be able to be combined with the memory model ``s_waitcnt``
4940instructions as described above.
4941
4942The AMDGPU backend supports the following memory models:
4943
4944  HSA Memory Model [HSA]_
4945    The HSA memory model uses a single happens-before relation for all address
4946    spaces (see :ref:`amdgpu-address-spaces`).
4947  OpenCL Memory Model [OpenCL]_
4948    The OpenCL memory model which has separate happens-before relations for the
4949    global and local address spaces. Only a fence specifying both global and
4950    local address space, and seq_cst instructions join the relationships. Since
4951    the LLVM ``memfence`` instruction does not allow an address space to be
4952    specified the OpenCL fence has to conservatively assume both local and
4953    global address space was specified. However, optimizations can often be
4954    done to eliminate the additional ``s_waitcnt`` instructions when there are
4955    no intervening memory instructions which access the corresponding address
4956    space. The code sequences in the table indicate what can be omitted for the
4957    OpenCL memory. The target triple environment is used to determine if the
4958    source language is OpenCL (see :ref:`amdgpu-opencl`).
4959
4960``ds/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to local memory are termed LDS
4961operations.
4962
4963``buffer/global/flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions to global memory are
4964termed vector memory operations.
4965
4966Private address space uses ``buffer_load/store`` using the scratch V#
4967(GFX6-GFX8), or ``scratch_load/store`` (GFX9-GFX10). Since only a single thread
4968is accessing the memory, atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all
4969accesses are treated as non-atomic.
4970
4971Constant address space uses ``buffer/global_load`` instructions (or equivalent
4972scalar memory instructions). Since the constant address space contents do not
4973change during the execution of a kernel dispatch it is not legal to perform
4974stores, and atomic memory orderings are not meaningful, and all accesses are
4975treated as non-atomic.
4976
4977A memory synchronization scope wider than work-group is not meaningful for the
4978group (LDS) address space and is treated as work-group.
4979
4980The memory model does not support the region address space which is treated as
4981non-atomic.
4982
4983Acquire memory ordering is not meaningful on store atomic instructions and is
4984treated as non-atomic.
4985
4986Release memory ordering is not meaningful on load atomic instructions and is
4987treated a non-atomic.
4988
4989Acquire-release memory ordering is not meaningful on load or store atomic
4990instructions and is treated as acquire and release respectively.
4991
4992The memory order also adds the single thread optimization constraints defined in
4993table
4994:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table`.
4995
4996  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Single Thread Optimization Constraints
4997     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-single-thread-optimization-constraints-table
4998
4999     ============ ==============================================================
5000     LLVM Memory  Optimization Constraints
5001     Ordering
5002     ============ ==============================================================
5003     unordered    *none*
5004     monotonic    *none*
5005     acquire      - If a load atomic/atomicrmw then no following load/load
5006                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
5007                    moved before the acquire.
5008                  - If a fence then same as load atomic, plus no preceding
5009                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved after the fence.
5010     release      - If a store atomic/atomicrmw then no preceding load/load
5011                    atomic/store/store atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be
5012                    moved after the release.
5013                  - If a fence then same as store atomic, plus no following
5014                    associated fence-paired-atomic can be moved before the
5015                    fence.
5016     acq_rel      Same constraints as both acquire and release.
5017     seq_cst      - If a load atomic then same constraints as acquire, plus no
5018                    preceding sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5019                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved after the
5020                    seq_cst.
5021                  - If a store atomic then the same constraints as release, plus
5022                    no following sequentially consistent load atomic/store
5023                    atomic/atomicrmw/fence instruction can be moved before the
5024                    seq_cst.
5025                  - If an atomicrmw/fence then same constraints as acq_rel.
5026     ============ ==============================================================
5027
5028The code sequences used to implement the memory model are defined in the
5029following sections:
5030
5031* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9`
5032* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a`
5033* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940`
5034* :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10`
5035
5036.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx6-gfx9:
5037
5038Memory Model GFX6-GFX9
5039++++++++++++++++++++++
5040
5041For GFX6-GFX9:
5042
5043* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
5044* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
5045* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
5046* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
5047  executed by different SIMDs.
5048* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
5049  executing on it.
5050* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
5051  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
5052  execution order.
5053* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
5054  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
5055  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
5056  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
5057  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
5058  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
5059  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
5060  operations performed by the same wavefront.
5061* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
5062  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
5063  that for GFX7-GFX9 ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of
5064  vector memory order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order
5065  if they access global memory.
5066* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
5067  SIMDs a CU. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between the
5068  lanes of a single wavefront, or for coherence between wavefronts in the same
5069  work-group. A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between
5070  wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on
5071  different CUs.
5072* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
5073  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
5074  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
5075  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5076* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
5077  the same agent.
5078* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
5079  addresses.
5080* Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
5081  scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
5082  work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs) of an agent can be
5083  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to
5084  ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
5085  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
5086  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
5087  requirements of acquire and release.
5088* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
5089  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
5090
5091Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
5092change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
5093address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
5094Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
5095ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
5096invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
5097may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
5098:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
5099
5100The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
5101case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
5102accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
5103then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
5104return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
5105future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
5106creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
5107``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
5108
5109For kernarg backing memory:
5110
5111* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
5112* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host memory accessed as
5113  MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2 cache. This also
5114  causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not invalidated by
5115  ``*_vol``.
5116* On APU the kernarg backing memory it is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent)
5117  and so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
5118
5119Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
5120with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
5121only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
5122never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
5123invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
5124
5125The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX6-GFX9 are defined
5126in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table`.
5127
5128  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX6-GFX9
5129     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx6-gfx9-table
5130
5131     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5132     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
5133                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX6-GFX9
5134                                              Space
5135     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
5136     **Non-Atomic**
5137     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5138     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5139                                              - generic
5140                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
5141                                              - constant
5142                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5143
5144                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5145                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5146
5147                                                         - volatile
5148
5149                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
5150                                                              glc=1
5151                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5152
5153                                                            - Must happen before
5154                                                              any following volatile
5155                                                              global/generic
5156                                                              load/store.
5157                                                            - Ensures that
5158                                                              volatile
5159                                                              operations to
5160                                                              different
5161                                                              addresses will not
5162                                                              be reordered by
5163                                                              hardware.
5164
5165     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
5166     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
5167                                              - generic
5168                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
5169                                              - constant
5170                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
5171
5172                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5173                                                              glc=1 slc=1
5174
5175                                                         - volatile
5176
5177                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
5178                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5179
5180                                                            - Must happen before
5181                                                              any following volatile
5182                                                              global/generic
5183                                                              load/store.
5184                                                            - Ensures that
5185                                                              volatile
5186                                                              operations to
5187                                                              different
5188                                                              addresses will not
5189                                                              be reordered by
5190                                                              hardware.
5191
5192     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
5193     **Unordered Atomic**
5194     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5195     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5196     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
5197     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
5198     **Monotonic Atomic**
5199     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5200     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5201                               - wavefront    - local
5202                               - workgroup    - generic
5203     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
5204                               - system       - generic     glc=1
5205     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
5206                               - wavefront    - generic
5207                               - workgroup
5208                               - agent
5209                               - system
5210     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
5211                               - wavefront
5212                               - workgroup
5213     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5214                               - wavefront    - generic
5215                               - workgroup
5216                               - agent
5217                               - system
5218     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
5219                               - wavefront
5220                               - workgroup
5221     **Acquire Atomic**
5222     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5223     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
5224                               - wavefront    - local
5225                                              - generic
5226     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load
5227     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_load
5228                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5229
5230                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5231                                                           - Must happen before
5232                                                             any following
5233                                                             global/generic
5234                                                             load/load
5235                                                             atomic/store/store
5236                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5237                                                           - Ensures any
5238                                                             following global
5239                                                             data read is no
5240                                                             older than a local load
5241                                                             atomic value being
5242                                                             acquired.
5243
5244     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
5245                               - system                     glc=1
5246                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5247
5248                                                           - Must happen before
5249                                                             following
5250                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5251                                                           - Ensures the load
5252                                                             has completed
5253                                                             before invalidating
5254                                                             the cache.
5255
5256                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5257
5258                                                           - Must happen before
5259                                                             any following
5260                                                             global/generic
5261                                                             load/load
5262                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5263                                                           - Ensures that
5264                                                             following
5265                                                             loads will not see
5266                                                             stale global data.
5267
5268     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
5269                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5270                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5271
5272                                                           - If OpenCL omit
5273                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5274                                                           - Must happen before
5275                                                             following
5276                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5277                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
5278                                                             has completed
5279                                                             before invalidating
5280                                                             the cache.
5281
5282                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5283
5284                                                           - Must happen before
5285                                                             any following
5286                                                             global/generic
5287                                                             load/load
5288                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5289                                                           - Ensures that
5290                                                             following loads
5291                                                             will not see stale
5292                                                             global data.
5293
5294     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5295                               - wavefront    - local
5296                                              - generic
5297     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5298     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds/flat_atomic
5299                                              - generic  2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5300
5301                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5302                                                           - Must happen before
5303                                                             any following
5304                                                             global/generic
5305                                                             load/load
5306                                                             atomic/store/store
5307                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5308                                                           - Ensures any
5309                                                             following global
5310                                                             data read is no
5311                                                             older than a local
5312                                                             atomicrmw value
5313                                                             being acquired.
5314
5315     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
5316                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5317
5318                                                           - Must happen before
5319                                                             following
5320                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5321                                                           - Ensures the
5322                                                             atomicrmw has
5323                                                             completed before
5324                                                             invalidating the
5325                                                             cache.
5326
5327                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5328
5329                                                           - Must happen before
5330                                                             any following
5331                                                             global/generic
5332                                                             load/load
5333                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5334                                                           - Ensures that
5335                                                             following loads
5336                                                             will not see stale
5337                                                             global data.
5338
5339     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
5340                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5341                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5342
5343                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5344                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5345                                                           - Must happen before
5346                                                             following
5347                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5348                                                           - Ensures the
5349                                                             atomicrmw has
5350                                                             completed before
5351                                                             invalidating the
5352                                                             cache.
5353
5354                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5355
5356                                                           - Must happen before
5357                                                             any following
5358                                                             global/generic
5359                                                             load/load
5360                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5361                                                           - Ensures that
5362                                                             following loads
5363                                                             will not see stale
5364                                                             global data.
5365
5366     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5367                               - wavefront
5368     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5369
5370                                                           - If OpenCL and
5371                                                             address space is
5372                                                             not generic, omit.
5373                                                           - However, since LLVM
5374                                                             currently has no
5375                                                             address space on
5376                                                             the fence need to
5377                                                             conservatively
5378                                                             always generate. If
5379                                                             fence had an
5380                                                             address space then
5381                                                             set to address
5382                                                             space of OpenCL
5383                                                             fence flag, or to
5384                                                             generic if both
5385                                                             local and global
5386                                                             flags are
5387                                                             specified.
5388                                                           - Must happen after
5389                                                             any preceding
5390                                                             local/generic load
5391                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5392                                                             with an equal or
5393                                                             wider sync scope
5394                                                             and memory ordering
5395                                                             stronger than
5396                                                             unordered (this is
5397                                                             termed the
5398                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5399                                                           - Must happen before
5400                                                             any following
5401                                                             global/generic
5402                                                             load/load
5403                                                             atomic/store/store
5404                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5405                                                           - Ensures any
5406                                                             following global
5407                                                             data read is no
5408                                                             older than the
5409                                                             value read by the
5410                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5411
5412     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5413                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5414
5415                                                           - If OpenCL and
5416                                                             address space is
5417                                                             not generic, omit
5418                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5419                                                           - However, since LLVM
5420                                                             currently has no
5421                                                             address space on
5422                                                             the fence need to
5423                                                             conservatively
5424                                                             always generate
5425                                                             (see comment for
5426                                                             previous fence).
5427                                                           - Could be split into
5428                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5429                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5430                                                             s_waitcnt
5431                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5432                                                             them to be
5433                                                             independently moved
5434                                                             according to the
5435                                                             following rules.
5436                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5437                                                             must happen after
5438                                                             any preceding
5439                                                             global/generic load
5440                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5441                                                             with an equal or
5442                                                             wider sync scope
5443                                                             and memory ordering
5444                                                             stronger than
5445                                                             unordered (this is
5446                                                             termed the
5447                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5448                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5449                                                             must happen after
5450                                                             any preceding
5451                                                             local/generic load
5452                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5453                                                             with an equal or
5454                                                             wider sync scope
5455                                                             and memory ordering
5456                                                             stronger than
5457                                                             unordered (this is
5458                                                             termed the
5459                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5460                                                           - Must happen before
5461                                                             the following
5462                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5463                                                           - Ensures that the
5464                                                             fence-paired atomic
5465                                                             has completed
5466                                                             before invalidating
5467                                                             the
5468                                                             cache. Therefore
5469                                                             any following
5470                                                             locations read must
5471                                                             be no older than
5472                                                             the value read by
5473                                                             the
5474                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5475
5476                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5477
5478                                                           - Must happen before any
5479                                                             following global/generic
5480                                                             load/load
5481                                                             atomic/store/store
5482                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5483                                                           - Ensures that
5484                                                             following loads
5485                                                             will not see stale
5486                                                             global data.
5487
5488     **Release Atomic**
5489     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5490     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
5491                               - wavefront    - local
5492                                              - generic
5493     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5494                                              - generic
5495                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5496                                                           - Must happen after
5497                                                             any preceding
5498                                                             local/generic
5499                                                             load/store/load
5500                                                             atomic/store
5501                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5502                                                           - Must happen before
5503                                                             the following
5504                                                             store.
5505                                                           - Ensures that all
5506                                                             memory operations
5507                                                             to local have
5508                                                             completed before
5509                                                             performing the
5510                                                             store that is being
5511                                                             released.
5512
5513                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5514     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_store
5515     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5516                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5517
5518                                                           - If OpenCL and
5519                                                             address space is
5520                                                             not generic, omit
5521                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5522                                                           - Could be split into
5523                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5524                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5525                                                             s_waitcnt
5526                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5527                                                             them to be
5528                                                             independently moved
5529                                                             according to the
5530                                                             following rules.
5531                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5532                                                             must happen after
5533                                                             any preceding
5534                                                             global/generic
5535                                                             load/store/load
5536                                                             atomic/store
5537                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5538                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5539                                                             must happen after
5540                                                             any preceding
5541                                                             local/generic
5542                                                             load/store/load
5543                                                             atomic/store
5544                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5545                                                           - Must happen before
5546                                                             the following
5547                                                             store.
5548                                                           - Ensures that all
5549                                                             memory operations
5550                                                             to memory have
5551                                                             completed before
5552                                                             performing the
5553                                                             store that is being
5554                                                             released.
5555
5556                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
5557     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5558                               - wavefront    - local
5559                                              - generic
5560     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5561                                              - generic
5562                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5563                                                           - Must happen after
5564                                                             any preceding
5565                                                             local/generic
5566                                                             load/store/load
5567                                                             atomic/store
5568                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5569                                                           - Must happen before
5570                                                             the following
5571                                                             atomicrmw.
5572                                                           - Ensures that all
5573                                                             memory operations
5574                                                             to local have
5575                                                             completed before
5576                                                             performing the
5577                                                             atomicrmw that is
5578                                                             being released.
5579
5580                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5581     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5582     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5583                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
5584
5585                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5586                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5587                                                           - Could be split into
5588                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5589                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5590                                                             s_waitcnt
5591                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5592                                                             them to be
5593                                                             independently moved
5594                                                             according to the
5595                                                             following rules.
5596                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5597                                                             must happen after
5598                                                             any preceding
5599                                                             global/generic
5600                                                             load/store/load
5601                                                             atomic/store
5602                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5603                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5604                                                             must happen after
5605                                                             any preceding
5606                                                             local/generic
5607                                                             load/store/load
5608                                                             atomic/store
5609                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5610                                                           - Must happen before
5611                                                             the following
5612                                                             atomicrmw.
5613                                                           - Ensures that all
5614                                                             memory operations
5615                                                             to global and local
5616                                                             have completed
5617                                                             before performing
5618                                                             the atomicrmw that
5619                                                             is being released.
5620
5621                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
5622     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5623                               - wavefront
5624     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5625
5626                                                           - If OpenCL and
5627                                                             address space is
5628                                                             not generic, omit.
5629                                                           - However, since LLVM
5630                                                             currently has no
5631                                                             address space on
5632                                                             the fence need to
5633                                                             conservatively
5634                                                             always generate. If
5635                                                             fence had an
5636                                                             address space then
5637                                                             set to address
5638                                                             space of OpenCL
5639                                                             fence flag, or to
5640                                                             generic if both
5641                                                             local and global
5642                                                             flags are
5643                                                             specified.
5644                                                           - Must happen after
5645                                                             any preceding
5646                                                             local/generic
5647                                                             load/load
5648                                                             atomic/store/store
5649                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5650                                                           - Must happen before
5651                                                             any following store
5652                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5653                                                             with an equal or
5654                                                             wider sync scope
5655                                                             and memory ordering
5656                                                             stronger than
5657                                                             unordered (this is
5658                                                             termed the
5659                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5660                                                           - Ensures that all
5661                                                             memory operations
5662                                                             to local have
5663                                                             completed before
5664                                                             performing the
5665                                                             following
5666                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5667
5668     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5669                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5670
5671                                                           - If OpenCL and
5672                                                             address space is
5673                                                             not generic, omit
5674                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5675                                                           - If OpenCL and
5676                                                             address space is
5677                                                             local, omit
5678                                                             vmcnt(0).
5679                                                           - However, since LLVM
5680                                                             currently has no
5681                                                             address space on
5682                                                             the fence need to
5683                                                             conservatively
5684                                                             always generate. If
5685                                                             fence had an
5686                                                             address space then
5687                                                             set to address
5688                                                             space of OpenCL
5689                                                             fence flag, or to
5690                                                             generic if both
5691                                                             local and global
5692                                                             flags are
5693                                                             specified.
5694                                                           - Could be split into
5695                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5696                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5697                                                             s_waitcnt
5698                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5699                                                             them to be
5700                                                             independently moved
5701                                                             according to the
5702                                                             following rules.
5703                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5704                                                             must happen after
5705                                                             any preceding
5706                                                             global/generic
5707                                                             load/store/load
5708                                                             atomic/store
5709                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5710                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5711                                                             must happen after
5712                                                             any preceding
5713                                                             local/generic
5714                                                             load/store/load
5715                                                             atomic/store
5716                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5717                                                           - Must happen before
5718                                                             any following store
5719                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5720                                                             with an equal or
5721                                                             wider sync scope
5722                                                             and memory ordering
5723                                                             stronger than
5724                                                             unordered (this is
5725                                                             termed the
5726                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
5727                                                           - Ensures that all
5728                                                             memory operations
5729                                                             have
5730                                                             completed before
5731                                                             performing the
5732                                                             following
5733                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
5734
5735     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
5736     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5737     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
5738                               - wavefront    - local
5739                                              - generic
5740     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5741
5742                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5743                                                           - Must happen after
5744                                                             any preceding
5745                                                             local/generic
5746                                                             load/store/load
5747                                                             atomic/store
5748                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5749                                                           - Must happen before
5750                                                             the following
5751                                                             atomicrmw.
5752                                                           - Ensures that all
5753                                                             memory operations
5754                                                             to local have
5755                                                             completed before
5756                                                             performing the
5757                                                             atomicrmw that is
5758                                                             being released.
5759
5760                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5761
5762     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
5763                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5764
5765                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5766                                                           - Must happen before
5767                                                             any following
5768                                                             global/generic
5769                                                             load/load
5770                                                             atomic/store/store
5771                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5772                                                           - Ensures any
5773                                                             following global
5774                                                             data read is no
5775                                                             older than the local load
5776                                                             atomic value being
5777                                                             acquired.
5778
5779     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5780
5781                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5782                                                           - Must happen after
5783                                                             any preceding
5784                                                             local/generic
5785                                                             load/store/load
5786                                                             atomic/store
5787                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5788                                                           - Must happen before
5789                                                             the following
5790                                                             atomicrmw.
5791                                                           - Ensures that all
5792                                                             memory operations
5793                                                             to local have
5794                                                             completed before
5795                                                             performing the
5796                                                             atomicrmw that is
5797                                                             being released.
5798
5799                                                         2. flat_atomic
5800                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5801
5802                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
5803                                                           - Must happen before
5804                                                             any following
5805                                                             global/generic
5806                                                             load/load
5807                                                             atomic/store/store
5808                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5809                                                           - Ensures any
5810                                                             following global
5811                                                             data read is no
5812                                                             older than a local load
5813                                                             atomic value being
5814                                                             acquired.
5815
5816     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5817                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5818
5819                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5820                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5821                                                           - Could be split into
5822                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5823                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5824                                                             s_waitcnt
5825                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5826                                                             them to be
5827                                                             independently moved
5828                                                             according to the
5829                                                             following rules.
5830                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5831                                                             must happen after
5832                                                             any preceding
5833                                                             global/generic
5834                                                             load/store/load
5835                                                             atomic/store
5836                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5837                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5838                                                             must happen after
5839                                                             any preceding
5840                                                             local/generic
5841                                                             load/store/load
5842                                                             atomic/store
5843                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5844                                                           - Must happen before
5845                                                             the following
5846                                                             atomicrmw.
5847                                                           - Ensures that all
5848                                                             memory operations
5849                                                             to global have
5850                                                             completed before
5851                                                             performing the
5852                                                             atomicrmw that is
5853                                                             being released.
5854
5855                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
5856                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5857
5858                                                           - Must happen before
5859                                                             following
5860                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5861                                                           - Ensures the
5862                                                             atomicrmw has
5863                                                             completed before
5864                                                             invalidating the
5865                                                             cache.
5866
5867                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5868
5869                                                           - Must happen before
5870                                                             any following
5871                                                             global/generic
5872                                                             load/load
5873                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5874                                                           - Ensures that
5875                                                             following loads
5876                                                             will not see stale
5877                                                             global data.
5878
5879     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
5880                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
5881
5882                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5883                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5884                                                           - Could be split into
5885                                                             separate s_waitcnt
5886                                                             vmcnt(0) and
5887                                                             s_waitcnt
5888                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
5889                                                             them to be
5890                                                             independently moved
5891                                                             according to the
5892                                                             following rules.
5893                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
5894                                                             must happen after
5895                                                             any preceding
5896                                                             global/generic
5897                                                             load/store/load
5898                                                             atomic/store
5899                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5900                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5901                                                             must happen after
5902                                                             any preceding
5903                                                             local/generic
5904                                                             load/store/load
5905                                                             atomic/store
5906                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5907                                                           - Must happen before
5908                                                             the following
5909                                                             atomicrmw.
5910                                                           - Ensures that all
5911                                                             memory operations
5912                                                             to global have
5913                                                             completed before
5914                                                             performing the
5915                                                             atomicrmw that is
5916                                                             being released.
5917
5918                                                         2. flat_atomic
5919                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
5920                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
5921
5922                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
5923                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
5924                                                           - Must happen before
5925                                                             following
5926                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
5927                                                           - Ensures the
5928                                                             atomicrmw has
5929                                                             completed before
5930                                                             invalidating the
5931                                                             cache.
5932
5933                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
5934
5935                                                           - Must happen before
5936                                                             any following
5937                                                             global/generic
5938                                                             load/load
5939                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5940                                                           - Ensures that
5941                                                             following loads
5942                                                             will not see stale
5943                                                             global data.
5944
5945     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
5946                               - wavefront
5947     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
5948
5949                                                           - If OpenCL and
5950                                                             address space is
5951                                                             not generic, omit.
5952                                                           - However,
5953                                                             since LLVM
5954                                                             currently has no
5955                                                             address space on
5956                                                             the fence need to
5957                                                             conservatively
5958                                                             always generate
5959                                                             (see comment for
5960                                                             previous fence).
5961                                                           - Must happen after
5962                                                             any preceding
5963                                                             local/generic
5964                                                             load/load
5965                                                             atomic/store/store
5966                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5967                                                           - Must happen before
5968                                                             any following
5969                                                             global/generic
5970                                                             load/load
5971                                                             atomic/store/store
5972                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
5973                                                           - Ensures that all
5974                                                             memory operations
5975                                                             to local have
5976                                                             completed before
5977                                                             performing any
5978                                                             following global
5979                                                             memory operations.
5980                                                           - Ensures that the
5981                                                             preceding
5982                                                             local/generic load
5983                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
5984                                                             with an equal or
5985                                                             wider sync scope
5986                                                             and memory ordering
5987                                                             stronger than
5988                                                             unordered (this is
5989                                                             termed the
5990                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
5991                                                             has completed
5992                                                             before following
5993                                                             global memory
5994                                                             operations. This
5995                                                             satisfies the
5996                                                             requirements of
5997                                                             acquire.
5998                                                           - Ensures that all
5999                                                             previous memory
6000                                                             operations have
6001                                                             completed before a
6002                                                             following
6003                                                             local/generic store
6004                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6005                                                             with an equal or
6006                                                             wider sync scope
6007                                                             and memory ordering
6008                                                             stronger than
6009                                                             unordered (this is
6010                                                             termed the
6011                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6012                                                             This satisfies the
6013                                                             requirements of
6014                                                             release.
6015
6016     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6017                               - system                     vmcnt(0)
6018
6019                                                           - If OpenCL and
6020                                                             address space is
6021                                                             not generic, omit
6022                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6023                                                           - However, since LLVM
6024                                                             currently has no
6025                                                             address space on
6026                                                             the fence need to
6027                                                             conservatively
6028                                                             always generate
6029                                                             (see comment for
6030                                                             previous fence).
6031                                                           - Could be split into
6032                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6033                                                             vmcnt(0) and
6034                                                             s_waitcnt
6035                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6036                                                             them to be
6037                                                             independently moved
6038                                                             according to the
6039                                                             following rules.
6040                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6041                                                             must happen after
6042                                                             any preceding
6043                                                             global/generic
6044                                                             load/store/load
6045                                                             atomic/store
6046                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6047                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6048                                                             must happen after
6049                                                             any preceding
6050                                                             local/generic
6051                                                             load/store/load
6052                                                             atomic/store
6053                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6054                                                           - Must happen before
6055                                                             the following
6056                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6057                                                           - Ensures that the
6058                                                             preceding
6059                                                             global/local/generic
6060                                                             load
6061                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6062                                                             with an equal or
6063                                                             wider sync scope
6064                                                             and memory ordering
6065                                                             stronger than
6066                                                             unordered (this is
6067                                                             termed the
6068                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
6069                                                             has completed
6070                                                             before invalidating
6071                                                             the cache. This
6072                                                             satisfies the
6073                                                             requirements of
6074                                                             acquire.
6075                                                           - Ensures that all
6076                                                             previous memory
6077                                                             operations have
6078                                                             completed before a
6079                                                             following
6080                                                             global/local/generic
6081                                                             store
6082                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6083                                                             with an equal or
6084                                                             wider sync scope
6085                                                             and memory ordering
6086                                                             stronger than
6087                                                             unordered (this is
6088                                                             termed the
6089                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
6090                                                             This satisfies the
6091                                                             requirements of
6092                                                             release.
6093
6094                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6095
6096                                                           - Must happen before
6097                                                             any following
6098                                                             global/generic
6099                                                             load/load
6100                                                             atomic/store/store
6101                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6102                                                           - Ensures that
6103                                                             following loads
6104                                                             will not see stale
6105                                                             global data. This
6106                                                             satisfies the
6107                                                             requirements of
6108                                                             acquire.
6109
6110     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
6111     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6112     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6113                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
6114                                              - generic  except must generate
6115                                                         all instructions even
6116                                                         for OpenCL.*
6117     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6118                                              - generic
6119
6120                                                           - Must
6121                                                             happen after
6122                                                             preceding
6123                                                             local/generic load
6124                                                             atomic/store
6125                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6126                                                             with memory
6127                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6128                                                             and with equal or
6129                                                             wider sync scope.
6130                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6131                                                             fences have their
6132                                                             own s_waitcnt
6133                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6134                                                             not need to be
6135                                                             considered.)
6136                                                           - Ensures any
6137                                                             preceding
6138                                                             sequential
6139                                                             consistent local
6140                                                             memory instructions
6141                                                             have completed
6142                                                             before executing
6143                                                             this sequentially
6144                                                             consistent
6145                                                             instruction. This
6146                                                             prevents reordering
6147                                                             a seq_cst store
6148                                                             followed by a
6149                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6150                                                             that seq_cst is
6151                                                             stronger than
6152                                                             acquire/release as
6153                                                             the reordering of
6154                                                             load acquire
6155                                                             followed by a store
6156                                                             release is
6157                                                             prevented by the
6158                                                             s_waitcnt of
6159                                                             the release, but
6160                                                             there is nothing
6161                                                             preventing a store
6162                                                             release followed by
6163                                                             load acquire from
6164                                                             completing out of
6165                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6166                                                             could be placed after
6167                                                             seq_store or before
6168                                                             the seq_load. We
6169                                                             choose the load to
6170                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6171                                                             as late as possible
6172                                                             so that the store
6173                                                             may have already
6174                                                             completed.)
6175
6176                                                         2. *Following
6177                                                            instructions same as
6178                                                            corresponding load
6179                                                            atomic acquire,
6180                                                            except must generate
6181                                                            all instructions even
6182                                                            for OpenCL.*
6183     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *Same as corresponding
6184                                                         load atomic acquire,
6185                                                         except must generate
6186                                                         all instructions even
6187                                                         for OpenCL.*
6188
6189     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
6190                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
6191
6192                                                           - Could be split into
6193                                                             separate s_waitcnt
6194                                                             vmcnt(0)
6195                                                             and s_waitcnt
6196                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
6197                                                             them to be
6198                                                             independently moved
6199                                                             according to the
6200                                                             following rules.
6201                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6202                                                             must happen after
6203                                                             preceding
6204                                                             global/generic load
6205                                                             atomic/store
6206                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6207                                                             with memory
6208                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6209                                                             and with equal or
6210                                                             wider sync scope.
6211                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6212                                                             fences have their
6213                                                             own s_waitcnt
6214                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
6215                                                             not need to be
6216                                                             considered.)
6217                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6218                                                             must happen after
6219                                                             preceding
6220                                                             global/generic load
6221                                                             atomic/store
6222                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
6223                                                             with memory
6224                                                             ordering of seq_cst
6225                                                             and with equal or
6226                                                             wider sync scope.
6227                                                             (Note that seq_cst
6228                                                             fences have their
6229                                                             own s_waitcnt
6230                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
6231                                                             not need to be
6232                                                             considered.)
6233                                                           - Ensures any
6234                                                             preceding
6235                                                             sequential
6236                                                             consistent global
6237                                                             memory instructions
6238                                                             have completed
6239                                                             before executing
6240                                                             this sequentially
6241                                                             consistent
6242                                                             instruction. This
6243                                                             prevents reordering
6244                                                             a seq_cst store
6245                                                             followed by a
6246                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
6247                                                             that seq_cst is
6248                                                             stronger than
6249                                                             acquire/release as
6250                                                             the reordering of
6251                                                             load acquire
6252                                                             followed by a store
6253                                                             release is
6254                                                             prevented by the
6255                                                             s_waitcnt of
6256                                                             the release, but
6257                                                             there is nothing
6258                                                             preventing a store
6259                                                             release followed by
6260                                                             load acquire from
6261                                                             completing out of
6262                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
6263                                                             could be placed after
6264                                                             seq_store or before
6265                                                             the seq_load. We
6266                                                             choose the load to
6267                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
6268                                                             as late as possible
6269                                                             so that the store
6270                                                             may have already
6271                                                             completed.)
6272
6273                                                         2. *Following
6274                                                            instructions same as
6275                                                            corresponding load
6276                                                            atomic acquire,
6277                                                            except must generate
6278                                                            all instructions even
6279                                                            for OpenCL.*
6280     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6281                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
6282                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6283                               - agent                   all instructions even
6284                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6285     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
6286                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
6287                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
6288                               - agent                   all instructions even
6289                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6290     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
6291                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
6292                               - workgroup               except must generate
6293                               - agent                   all instructions even
6294                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
6295     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6296
6297.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx90a:
6298
6299Memory Model GFX90A
6300+++++++++++++++++++
6301
6302For GFX90A:
6303
6304* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
6305* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
6306* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
6307* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
6308  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
6309  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
6310* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
6311  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
6312  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
6313* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
6314  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
6315  execution order.
6316* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
6317  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
6318  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
6319  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
6320  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
6321  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
6322  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
6323  operations performed by the same wavefront.
6324* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
6325  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
6326  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
6327  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
6328  global memory.
6329* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
6330  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
6331
6332  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
6333    wavefront.
6334
6335  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
6336    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
6337    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
6338    different CUs and so a ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required as described in
6339    the following item.
6340
6341  * A ``buffer_wbinvl1_vol`` is required for coherence between wavefronts
6342    executing in different work-groups as they may be executing on different
6343    CUs.
6344
6345* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
6346  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
6347  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
6348  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6349* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache shared by all CUs on
6350  the same agent.
6351
6352  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
6353    addresses.
6354  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel. Therefore, the vector and
6355    scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
6356    work-groups (which may be executing on different CUs), or the same
6357    work-group if executing in tgsplit mode, of an agent can be reordered
6358    relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure
6359    synchronization between vector memory operations of different CUs. It
6360    ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
6361    subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
6362    requirements of acquire and release.
6363  * The L2 cache of one agent can be kept coherent with other agents by:
6364    using the MTYPE RW (read-write) or MTYPE CC (cache-coherent) with the PTE
6365    C-bit for memory local to the L2; and using the MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
6366    the PTE C-bit set or MTYPE UC (uncached) for memory not local to the L2.
6367
6368    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
6369      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
6370      the cache probe caused by coherent requests. Coherent requests are caused
6371      by GPU accesses to pages with the PTE C-bit set, by CPU accesses over
6372      XGMI, and by PCIe requests that are configured to be coherent requests.
6373    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
6374      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
6375      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter and and the PTE C-bit being set.
6376    * Since all work-groups on the same agent share the same L2, no L2
6377      invalidation or writeback is required for coherence.
6378    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory writes of work-groups in
6379      different agents a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2
6380      cache lines of MTYPE RW (used for local coarse grain memory) and MTYPE NC
6381      ()used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that MTYPE CC (used for local
6382      fine grain memory) causes write through to DRAM, and MTYPE UC (used for
6383      remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so both will never result in
6384      dirty L2 cache lines.
6385    * To ensure coherence of local and remote memory reads of work-groups in
6386      different agents a ``buffer_invl2`` is required. It will invalidate L2
6387      cache lines with MTYPE NC (used for remote coarse grain memory). Note that
6388      MTYPE CC (used for local fine grain memory) and MTYPE RW (used for local
6389      coarse memory) cause local reads to be invalidated by remote writes with
6390      with the PTE C-bit so these cache lines are not invalidated. Note that
6391      MTYPE UC (used for remote fine grain memory) bypasses the L2, so will
6392      never result in L2 cache lines that need to be invalidated.
6393
6394  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU memory is kept coherent by using the
6395    MTYPE UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
6396
6397Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
6398change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
6399address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
6400Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
6401ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
6402invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
6403may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
6404:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
6405
6406The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
6407case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
6408accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
6409then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
6410return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
6411future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
6412creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
6413``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
6414
6415For kernarg backing memory:
6416
6417* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
6418* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
6419  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
6420  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
6421  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
6422* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
6423  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
6424
6425Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
6426with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
6427only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
6428never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
6429invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
6430
6431The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX90A are defined
6432in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table`.
6433
6434  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX90A
6435     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx90a-table
6436
6437     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6438     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
6439                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX90A
6440                                              Space
6441     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
6442     **Non-Atomic**
6443     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6444     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6445                                              - generic
6446                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
6447                                              - constant
6448                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6449
6450                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6451                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6452
6453                                                         - volatile
6454
6455                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
6456                                                              glc=1
6457                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6458
6459                                                            - Must happen before
6460                                                              any following volatile
6461                                                              global/generic
6462                                                              load/store.
6463                                                            - Ensures that
6464                                                              volatile
6465                                                              operations to
6466                                                              different
6467                                                              addresses will not
6468                                                              be reordered by
6469                                                              hardware.
6470
6471     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
6472     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
6473                                              - generic
6474                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
6475                                              - constant
6476                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
6477
6478                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6479                                                              glc=1 slc=1
6480
6481                                                         - volatile
6482
6483                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
6484                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6485
6486                                                            - Must happen before
6487                                                              any following volatile
6488                                                              global/generic
6489                                                              load/store.
6490                                                            - Ensures that
6491                                                              volatile
6492                                                              operations to
6493                                                              different
6494                                                              addresses will not
6495                                                              be reordered by
6496                                                              hardware.
6497
6498     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
6499     **Unordered Atomic**
6500     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6501     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6502     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
6503     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
6504     **Monotonic Atomic**
6505     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6506     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6507                               - wavefront    - generic
6508     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6509                                              - generic     glc=1
6510
6511                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6512                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6513
6514     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6515                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6516                               - workgroup               be used.*
6517
6518                                                         1. ds_load
6519     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6520                                              - generic     glc=1
6521     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6522                                              - generic     glc=1
6523     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6524                               - wavefront    - generic
6525                               - workgroup
6526                               - agent
6527     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
6528                                              - generic
6529     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6530                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6531                               - workgroup               be used.*
6532
6533                                                         1. ds_store
6534     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6535                               - wavefront    - generic
6536                               - workgroup
6537                               - agent
6538     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6539                                              - generic
6540     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6541                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6542                               - workgroup               be used.*
6543
6544                                                         1. ds_atomic
6545     **Acquire Atomic**
6546     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6547     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
6548                               - wavefront    - local
6549                                              - generic
6550     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
6551
6552                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6553                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6554
6555                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6556
6557                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6558                                                             mode, omit.
6559                                                           - Must happen before the
6560                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6561
6562                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6563
6564                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6565                                                             mode, omit.
6566                                                           - Must happen before
6567                                                             any following
6568                                                             global/generic
6569                                                             load/load
6570                                                             atomic/store/store
6571                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6572                                                           - Ensures that
6573                                                             following
6574                                                             loads will not see
6575                                                             stale data.
6576
6577     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6578                                                         local address space cannot
6579                                                         be used.*
6580
6581                                                         1. ds_load
6582                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6583
6584                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6585                                                           - Must happen before
6586                                                             any following
6587                                                             global/generic
6588                                                             load/load
6589                                                             atomic/store/store
6590                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6591                                                           - Ensures any
6592                                                             following global
6593                                                             data read is no
6594                                                             older than the local load
6595                                                             atomic value being
6596                                                             acquired.
6597
6598     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6599
6600                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6601                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
6602
6603                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6604
6605                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6606                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6607                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6608                                                             execution mode.
6609                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6610                                                           - Must happen before
6611                                                             the following
6612                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and any
6613                                                             following global/generic
6614                                                             load/load
6615                                                             atomic/store/store
6616                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6617                                                           - Ensures any
6618                                                             following global
6619                                                             data read is no
6620                                                             older than a local load
6621                                                             atomic value being
6622                                                             acquired.
6623
6624                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6625
6626                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6627                                                             mode, omit.
6628                                                           - Ensures that
6629                                                             following
6630                                                             loads will not see
6631                                                             stale data.
6632
6633     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
6634                                                            glc=1
6635                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6636
6637                                                           - Must happen before
6638                                                             following
6639                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6640                                                           - Ensures the load
6641                                                             has completed
6642                                                             before invalidating
6643                                                             the cache.
6644
6645                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6646
6647                                                           - Must happen before
6648                                                             any following
6649                                                             global/generic
6650                                                             load/load
6651                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6652                                                           - Ensures that
6653                                                             following
6654                                                             loads will not see
6655                                                             stale global data.
6656
6657     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
6658                                                            glc=1
6659                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6660
6661                                                           - Must happen before
6662                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6663                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6664                                                           - Ensures the load
6665                                                             has completed
6666                                                             before invalidating
6667                                                             the cache.
6668
6669                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6670                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6671
6672                                                           - Must happen before
6673                                                             any following
6674                                                             global/generic
6675                                                             load/load
6676                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6677                                                           - Ensures that
6678                                                             following
6679                                                             loads will not see
6680                                                             stale L1 global data,
6681                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6682                                                             NC global data.
6683                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6684                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6685                                                             the memory probes.
6686
6687     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6688                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6689                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6690
6691                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6692                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6693                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6694                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6695                                                           - Must happen before
6696                                                             following
6697                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6698                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6699                                                             has completed
6700                                                             before invalidating
6701                                                             the cache.
6702
6703                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6704
6705                                                           - Must happen before
6706                                                             any following
6707                                                             global/generic
6708                                                             load/load
6709                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6710                                                           - Ensures that
6711                                                             following loads
6712                                                             will not see stale
6713                                                             global data.
6714
6715     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
6716                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6717                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6718
6719                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6720                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6721                                                           - If OpenCL omit
6722                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6723                                                           - Must happen before
6724                                                             following
6725                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6726                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6727                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
6728                                                             has completed
6729                                                             before invalidating
6730                                                             the caches.
6731
6732                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6733                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6734
6735                                                           - Must happen before
6736                                                             any following
6737                                                             global/generic
6738                                                             load/load
6739                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6740                                                           - Ensures that
6741                                                             following
6742                                                             loads will not see
6743                                                             stale L1 global data,
6744                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6745                                                             NC global data.
6746                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6747                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6748                                                             the memory probes.
6749
6750     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
6751                               - wavefront    - generic
6752     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6753                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
6754                                                         be used.*
6755
6756                                                         1. ds_atomic
6757     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6758                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6759
6760                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6761                                                             mode, omit.
6762                                                           - Must happen before the
6763                                                             following buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6764                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
6765                                                             has completed
6766                                                             before invalidating
6767                                                             the cache.
6768
6769                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6770
6771                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6772                                                             mode, omit.
6773                                                           - Must happen before
6774                                                             any following
6775                                                             global/generic
6776                                                             load/load
6777                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6778                                                           - Ensures that
6779                                                             following loads
6780                                                             will not see stale
6781                                                             global data.
6782
6783     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
6784                                                         local address space cannot
6785                                                         be used.*
6786
6787                                                         1. ds_atomic
6788                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
6789
6790                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
6791                                                           - Must happen before
6792                                                             any following
6793                                                             global/generic
6794                                                             load/load
6795                                                             atomic/store/store
6796                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6797                                                           - Ensures any
6798                                                             following global
6799                                                             data read is no
6800                                                             older than the local
6801                                                             atomicrmw value
6802                                                             being acquired.
6803
6804     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
6805                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6806
6807                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6808                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6809                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6810                                                             execution mode.
6811                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
6812                                                           - Must happen before
6813                                                             the following
6814                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
6815                                                             any following
6816                                                             global/generic
6817                                                             load/load
6818                                                             atomic/store/store
6819                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6820                                                           - Ensures any
6821                                                             following global
6822                                                             data read is no
6823                                                             older than a local
6824                                                             atomicrmw value
6825                                                             being acquired.
6826
6827                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6828
6829                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
6830                                                             mode, omit.
6831                                                           - Ensures that
6832                                                             following
6833                                                             loads will not see
6834                                                             stale data.
6835
6836     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6837                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6838
6839                                                           - Must happen before
6840                                                             following
6841                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6842                                                           - Ensures the
6843                                                             atomicrmw has
6844                                                             completed before
6845                                                             invalidating the
6846                                                             cache.
6847
6848                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6849
6850                                                           - Must happen before
6851                                                             any following
6852                                                             global/generic
6853                                                             load/load
6854                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6855                                                           - Ensures that
6856                                                             following loads
6857                                                             will not see stale
6858                                                             global data.
6859
6860     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
6861                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6862
6863                                                           - Must happen before
6864                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
6865                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6866                                                           - Ensures the
6867                                                             atomicrmw has
6868                                                             completed before
6869                                                             invalidating the
6870                                                             caches.
6871
6872                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6873                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6874
6875                                                           - Must happen before
6876                                                             any following
6877                                                             global/generic
6878                                                             load/load
6879                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6880                                                           - Ensures that
6881                                                             following
6882                                                             loads will not see
6883                                                             stale L1 global data,
6884                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6885                                                             NC global data.
6886                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6887                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6888                                                             the memory probes.
6889
6890     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
6891                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6892                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6893
6894                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6895                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6896                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6897                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6898                                                           - Must happen before
6899                                                             following
6900                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6901                                                           - Ensures the
6902                                                             atomicrmw has
6903                                                             completed before
6904                                                             invalidating the
6905                                                             cache.
6906
6907                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6908
6909                                                           - Must happen before
6910                                                             any following
6911                                                             global/generic
6912                                                             load/load
6913                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6914                                                           - Ensures that
6915                                                             following loads
6916                                                             will not see stale
6917                                                             global data.
6918
6919     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic
6920                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
6921                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
6922
6923                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
6924                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
6925                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
6926                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6927                                                           - Must happen before
6928                                                             following
6929                                                             buffer_invl2 and
6930                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
6931                                                           - Ensures the
6932                                                             atomicrmw has
6933                                                             completed before
6934                                                             invalidating the
6935                                                             caches.
6936
6937                                                         3. buffer_invl2;
6938                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
6939
6940                                                           - Must happen before
6941                                                             any following
6942                                                             global/generic
6943                                                             load/load
6944                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
6945                                                           - Ensures that
6946                                                             following
6947                                                             loads will not see
6948                                                             stale L1 global data,
6949                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
6950                                                             NC global data.
6951                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
6952                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
6953                                                             the memory probes.
6954
6955     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
6956                               - wavefront
6957     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
6958
6959                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
6960                                                             TgSplit execution mode
6961                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
6962                                                             execution mode.
6963                                                           - If OpenCL and
6964                                                             address space is
6965                                                             not generic, omit
6966                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
6967                                                           - If OpenCL and
6968                                                             address space is
6969                                                             local, omit
6970                                                             vmcnt(0).
6971                                                           - However, since LLVM
6972                                                             currently has no
6973                                                             address space on
6974                                                             the fence need to
6975                                                             conservatively
6976                                                             always generate. If
6977                                                             fence had an
6978                                                             address space then
6979                                                             set to address
6980                                                             space of OpenCL
6981                                                             fence flag, or to
6982                                                             generic if both
6983                                                             local and global
6984                                                             flags are
6985                                                             specified.
6986                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
6987                                                             must happen after
6988                                                             any preceding
6989                                                             global/generic load
6990                                                             atomic/
6991                                                             atomicrmw
6992                                                             with an equal or
6993                                                             wider sync scope
6994                                                             and memory ordering
6995                                                             stronger than
6996                                                             unordered (this is
6997                                                             termed the
6998                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
6999                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7000                                                             must happen after
7001                                                             any preceding
7002                                                             local/generic load
7003                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7004                                                             with an equal or
7005                                                             wider sync scope
7006                                                             and memory ordering
7007                                                             stronger than
7008                                                             unordered (this is
7009                                                             termed the
7010                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7011                                                           - Must happen before
7012                                                             the following
7013                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7014                                                             any following
7015                                                             global/generic
7016                                                             load/load
7017                                                             atomic/store/store
7018                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7019                                                           - Ensures any
7020                                                             following global
7021                                                             data read is no
7022                                                             older than the
7023                                                             value read by the
7024                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7025
7026                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7027
7028                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7029                                                             mode, omit.
7030                                                           - Ensures that
7031                                                             following
7032                                                             loads will not see
7033                                                             stale data.
7034
7035     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7036                                                            vmcnt(0)
7037
7038                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7039                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7040                                                           - If OpenCL and
7041                                                             address space is
7042                                                             not generic, omit
7043                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7044                                                           - However, since LLVM
7045                                                             currently has no
7046                                                             address space on
7047                                                             the fence need to
7048                                                             conservatively
7049                                                             always generate
7050                                                             (see comment for
7051                                                             previous fence).
7052                                                           - Could be split into
7053                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7054                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7055                                                             s_waitcnt
7056                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7057                                                             them to be
7058                                                             independently moved
7059                                                             according to the
7060                                                             following rules.
7061                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7062                                                             must happen after
7063                                                             any preceding
7064                                                             global/generic load
7065                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7066                                                             with an equal or
7067                                                             wider sync scope
7068                                                             and memory ordering
7069                                                             stronger than
7070                                                             unordered (this is
7071                                                             termed the
7072                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7073                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7074                                                             must happen after
7075                                                             any preceding
7076                                                             local/generic load
7077                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7078                                                             with an equal or
7079                                                             wider sync scope
7080                                                             and memory ordering
7081                                                             stronger than
7082                                                             unordered (this is
7083                                                             termed the
7084                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7085                                                           - Must happen before
7086                                                             the following
7087                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7088                                                           - Ensures that the
7089                                                             fence-paired atomic
7090                                                             has completed
7091                                                             before invalidating
7092                                                             the
7093                                                             cache. Therefore
7094                                                             any following
7095                                                             locations read must
7096                                                             be no older than
7097                                                             the value read by
7098                                                             the
7099                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7100
7101                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7102
7103                                                           - Must happen before any
7104                                                             following global/generic
7105                                                             load/load
7106                                                             atomic/store/store
7107                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7108                                                           - Ensures that
7109                                                             following loads
7110                                                             will not see stale
7111                                                             global data.
7112
7113     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7114                                                            vmcnt(0)
7115
7116                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7117                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7118                                                           - If OpenCL and
7119                                                             address space is
7120                                                             not generic, omit
7121                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7122                                                           - However, since LLVM
7123                                                             currently has no
7124                                                             address space on
7125                                                             the fence need to
7126                                                             conservatively
7127                                                             always generate
7128                                                             (see comment for
7129                                                             previous fence).
7130                                                           - Could be split into
7131                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7132                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7133                                                             s_waitcnt
7134                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7135                                                             them to be
7136                                                             independently moved
7137                                                             according to the
7138                                                             following rules.
7139                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7140                                                             must happen after
7141                                                             any preceding
7142                                                             global/generic load
7143                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7144                                                             with an equal or
7145                                                             wider sync scope
7146                                                             and memory ordering
7147                                                             stronger than
7148                                                             unordered (this is
7149                                                             termed the
7150                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7151                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7152                                                             must happen after
7153                                                             any preceding
7154                                                             local/generic load
7155                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7156                                                             with an equal or
7157                                                             wider sync scope
7158                                                             and memory ordering
7159                                                             stronger than
7160                                                             unordered (this is
7161                                                             termed the
7162                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7163                                                           - Must happen before
7164                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
7165                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7166                                                           - Ensures that the
7167                                                             fence-paired atomic
7168                                                             has completed
7169                                                             before invalidating
7170                                                             the
7171                                                             cache. Therefore
7172                                                             any following
7173                                                             locations read must
7174                                                             be no older than
7175                                                             the value read by
7176                                                             the
7177                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7178
7179                                                         2. buffer_invl2;
7180                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7181
7182                                                           - Must happen before any
7183                                                             following global/generic
7184                                                             load/load
7185                                                             atomic/store/store
7186                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7187                                                           - Ensures that
7188                                                             following
7189                                                             loads will not see
7190                                                             stale L1 global data,
7191                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7192                                                             NC global data.
7193                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7194                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7195                                                             the memory probes.
7196     **Release Atomic**
7197     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7198     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
7199                               - wavefront    - generic
7200     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7201                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7202                                                         be used.*
7203
7204                                                         1. ds_store
7205     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7206                                              - generic
7207                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7208                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7209                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7210                                                             execution mode.
7211                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
7212                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7213                                                             must happen after
7214                                                             any preceding
7215                                                             global/generic load/store/
7216                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7217                                                             atomicrmw.
7218                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7219                                                             must happen after
7220                                                             any preceding
7221                                                             local/generic
7222                                                             load/store/load
7223                                                             atomic/store
7224                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7225                                                           - Must happen before
7226                                                             the following
7227                                                             store.
7228                                                           - Ensures that all
7229                                                             memory operations
7230                                                             have
7231                                                             completed before
7232                                                             performing the
7233                                                             store that is being
7234                                                             released.
7235
7236                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7237     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7238                                                         local address space cannot
7239                                                         be used.*
7240
7241                                                         1. ds_store
7242     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7243                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7244
7245                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7246                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7247                                                           - If OpenCL and
7248                                                             address space is
7249                                                             not generic, omit
7250                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7251                                                           - Could be split into
7252                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7253                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7254                                                             s_waitcnt
7255                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7256                                                             them to be
7257                                                             independently moved
7258                                                             according to the
7259                                                             following rules.
7260                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7261                                                             must happen after
7262                                                             any preceding
7263                                                             global/generic
7264                                                             load/store/load
7265                                                             atomic/store
7266                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7267                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7268                                                             must happen after
7269                                                             any preceding
7270                                                             local/generic
7271                                                             load/store/load
7272                                                             atomic/store
7273                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7274                                                           - Must happen before
7275                                                             the following
7276                                                             store.
7277                                                           - Ensures that all
7278                                                             memory operations
7279                                                             to memory have
7280                                                             completed before
7281                                                             performing the
7282                                                             store that is being
7283                                                             released.
7284
7285                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
7286     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7287                                              - generic
7288                                                           - Must happen before
7289                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7290                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7291                                                             ensure previous
7292                                                             global/generic
7293                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7294                                                             visible at system scope.
7295
7296                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7297                                                            vmcnt(0)
7298
7299                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7300                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7301                                                           - If OpenCL and
7302                                                             address space is
7303                                                             not generic, omit
7304                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7305                                                           - Could be split into
7306                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7307                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7308                                                             s_waitcnt
7309                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7310                                                             them to be
7311                                                             independently moved
7312                                                             according to the
7313                                                             following rules.
7314                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7315                                                             must happen after any
7316                                                             preceding
7317                                                             global/generic
7318                                                             load/store/load
7319                                                             atomic/store
7320                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7321                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7322                                                             must happen after any
7323                                                             preceding
7324                                                             local/generic
7325                                                             load/store/load
7326                                                             atomic/store
7327                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7328                                                           - Must happen before
7329                                                             the following
7330                                                             store.
7331                                                           - Ensures that all
7332                                                             memory operations
7333                                                             to memory and the L2
7334                                                             writeback have
7335                                                             completed before
7336                                                             performing the
7337                                                             store that is being
7338                                                             released.
7339
7340                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
7341     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7342                               - wavefront    - generic
7343     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7344                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7345                                                         be used.*
7346
7347                                                         1. ds_atomic
7348     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7349                                              - generic
7350                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7351                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7352                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7353                                                             execution mode.
7354                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7355                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7356                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7357                                                             must happen after
7358                                                             any preceding
7359                                                             global/generic load/store/
7360                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7361                                                             atomicrmw.
7362                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7363                                                             must happen after
7364                                                             any preceding
7365                                                             local/generic
7366                                                             load/store/load
7367                                                             atomic/store
7368                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7369                                                           - Must happen before
7370                                                             the following
7371                                                             atomicrmw.
7372                                                           - Ensures that all
7373                                                             memory operations
7374                                                             have
7375                                                             completed before
7376                                                             performing the
7377                                                             atomicrmw that is
7378                                                             being released.
7379
7380                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7381     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7382                                                         local address space cannot
7383                                                         be used.*
7384
7385                                                         1. ds_atomic
7386     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7387                                              - generic     vmcnt(0)
7388
7389                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7390                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7391                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7392                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7393                                                           - Could be split into
7394                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7395                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7396                                                             s_waitcnt
7397                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7398                                                             them to be
7399                                                             independently moved
7400                                                             according to the
7401                                                             following rules.
7402                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7403                                                             must happen after
7404                                                             any preceding
7405                                                             global/generic
7406                                                             load/store/load
7407                                                             atomic/store
7408                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7409                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7410                                                             must happen after
7411                                                             any preceding
7412                                                             local/generic
7413                                                             load/store/load
7414                                                             atomic/store
7415                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7416                                                           - Must happen before
7417                                                             the following
7418                                                             atomicrmw.
7419                                                           - Ensures that all
7420                                                             memory operations
7421                                                             to global and local
7422                                                             have completed
7423                                                             before performing
7424                                                             the atomicrmw that
7425                                                             is being released.
7426
7427                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7428     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7429                                              - generic
7430                                                           - Must happen before
7431                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7432                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7433                                                             ensure previous
7434                                                             global/generic
7435                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7436                                                             visible at system scope.
7437
7438                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7439                                                            vmcnt(0)
7440
7441                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7442                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7443                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7444                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7445                                                           - Could be split into
7446                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7447                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7448                                                             s_waitcnt
7449                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7450                                                             them to be
7451                                                             independently moved
7452                                                             according to the
7453                                                             following rules.
7454                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7455                                                             must happen after
7456                                                             any preceding
7457                                                             global/generic
7458                                                             load/store/load
7459                                                             atomic/store
7460                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7461                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7462                                                             must happen after
7463                                                             any preceding
7464                                                             local/generic
7465                                                             load/store/load
7466                                                             atomic/store
7467                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7468                                                           - Must happen before
7469                                                             the following
7470                                                             atomicrmw.
7471                                                           - Ensures that all
7472                                                             memory operations
7473                                                             to memory and the L2
7474                                                             writeback have
7475                                                             completed before
7476                                                             performing the
7477                                                             store that is being
7478                                                             released.
7479
7480                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7481     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
7482                               - wavefront
7483     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7484
7485                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7486                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7487                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7488                                                             execution mode.
7489                                                           - If OpenCL and
7490                                                             address space is
7491                                                             not generic, omit
7492                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7493                                                           - If OpenCL and
7494                                                             address space is
7495                                                             local, omit
7496                                                             vmcnt(0).
7497                                                           - However, since LLVM
7498                                                             currently has no
7499                                                             address space on
7500                                                             the fence need to
7501                                                             conservatively
7502                                                             always generate. If
7503                                                             fence had an
7504                                                             address space then
7505                                                             set to address
7506                                                             space of OpenCL
7507                                                             fence flag, or to
7508                                                             generic if both
7509                                                             local and global
7510                                                             flags are
7511                                                             specified.
7512                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7513                                                             must happen after
7514                                                             any preceding
7515                                                             global/generic
7516                                                             load/store/
7517                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7518                                                             atomicrmw.
7519                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7520                                                             must happen after
7521                                                             any preceding
7522                                                             local/generic
7523                                                             load/load
7524                                                             atomic/store/store
7525                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7526                                                           - Must happen before
7527                                                             any following store
7528                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7529                                                             with an equal or
7530                                                             wider sync scope
7531                                                             and memory ordering
7532                                                             stronger than
7533                                                             unordered (this is
7534                                                             termed the
7535                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7536                                                           - Ensures that all
7537                                                             memory operations
7538                                                             have
7539                                                             completed before
7540                                                             performing the
7541                                                             following
7542                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7543
7544     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7545                                                            vmcnt(0)
7546
7547                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7548                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7549                                                           - If OpenCL and
7550                                                             address space is
7551                                                             not generic, omit
7552                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7553                                                           - If OpenCL and
7554                                                             address space is
7555                                                             local, omit
7556                                                             vmcnt(0).
7557                                                           - However, since LLVM
7558                                                             currently has no
7559                                                             address space on
7560                                                             the fence need to
7561                                                             conservatively
7562                                                             always generate. If
7563                                                             fence had an
7564                                                             address space then
7565                                                             set to address
7566                                                             space of OpenCL
7567                                                             fence flag, or to
7568                                                             generic if both
7569                                                             local and global
7570                                                             flags are
7571                                                             specified.
7572                                                           - Could be split into
7573                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7574                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7575                                                             s_waitcnt
7576                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7577                                                             them to be
7578                                                             independently moved
7579                                                             according to the
7580                                                             following rules.
7581                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7582                                                             must happen after
7583                                                             any preceding
7584                                                             global/generic
7585                                                             load/store/load
7586                                                             atomic/store
7587                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7588                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7589                                                             must happen after
7590                                                             any preceding
7591                                                             local/generic
7592                                                             load/store/load
7593                                                             atomic/store
7594                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7595                                                           - Must happen before
7596                                                             any following store
7597                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7598                                                             with an equal or
7599                                                             wider sync scope
7600                                                             and memory ordering
7601                                                             stronger than
7602                                                             unordered (this is
7603                                                             termed the
7604                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7605                                                           - Ensures that all
7606                                                             memory operations
7607                                                             have
7608                                                             completed before
7609                                                             performing the
7610                                                             following
7611                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7612
7613     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
7614
7615                                                           - If OpenCL and
7616                                                             address space is
7617                                                             local, omit.
7618                                                           - Must happen before
7619                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7620                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7621                                                             ensure previous
7622                                                             global/generic
7623                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7624                                                             visible at system scope.
7625
7626                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7627                                                            vmcnt(0)
7628
7629                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7630                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7631                                                           - If OpenCL and
7632                                                             address space is
7633                                                             not generic, omit
7634                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7635                                                           - If OpenCL and
7636                                                             address space is
7637                                                             local, omit
7638                                                             vmcnt(0).
7639                                                           - However, since LLVM
7640                                                             currently has no
7641                                                             address space on
7642                                                             the fence need to
7643                                                             conservatively
7644                                                             always generate. If
7645                                                             fence had an
7646                                                             address space then
7647                                                             set to address
7648                                                             space of OpenCL
7649                                                             fence flag, or to
7650                                                             generic if both
7651                                                             local and global
7652                                                             flags are
7653                                                             specified.
7654                                                           - Could be split into
7655                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7656                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7657                                                             s_waitcnt
7658                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7659                                                             them to be
7660                                                             independently moved
7661                                                             according to the
7662                                                             following rules.
7663                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7664                                                             must happen after
7665                                                             any preceding
7666                                                             global/generic
7667                                                             load/store/load
7668                                                             atomic/store
7669                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7670                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7671                                                             must happen after
7672                                                             any preceding
7673                                                             local/generic
7674                                                             load/store/load
7675                                                             atomic/store
7676                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7677                                                           - Must happen before
7678                                                             any following store
7679                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
7680                                                             with an equal or
7681                                                             wider sync scope
7682                                                             and memory ordering
7683                                                             stronger than
7684                                                             unordered (this is
7685                                                             termed the
7686                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
7687                                                           - Ensures that all
7688                                                             memory operations
7689                                                             have
7690                                                             completed before
7691                                                             performing the
7692                                                             following
7693                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
7694
7695     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
7696     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7697     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
7698                               - wavefront    - generic
7699     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7700                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
7701                                                         be used.*
7702
7703                                                         1. ds_atomic
7704     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7705
7706                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7707                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7708                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7709                                                             execution mode.
7710                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7711                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7712                                                           - Must happen after
7713                                                             any preceding
7714                                                             local/generic
7715                                                             load/store/load
7716                                                             atomic/store
7717                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7718                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7719                                                             must happen after
7720                                                             any preceding
7721                                                             global/generic load/store/
7722                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7723                                                             atomicrmw.
7724                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7725                                                             must happen after
7726                                                             any preceding
7727                                                             local/generic
7728                                                             load/store/load
7729                                                             atomic/store
7730                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7731                                                           - Must happen before
7732                                                             the following
7733                                                             atomicrmw.
7734                                                           - Ensures that all
7735                                                             memory operations
7736                                                             have
7737                                                             completed before
7738                                                             performing the
7739                                                             atomicrmw that is
7740                                                             being released.
7741
7742                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7743                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7744
7745                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7746                                                             mode, omit.
7747                                                           - Must happen before
7748                                                             the following
7749                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7750                                                           - Ensures any
7751                                                             following global
7752                                                             data read is no
7753                                                             older than the
7754                                                             atomicrmw value
7755                                                             being acquired.
7756
7757                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7758
7759                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7760                                                             mode, omit.
7761                                                           - Ensures that
7762                                                             following
7763                                                             loads will not see
7764                                                             stale data.
7765
7766     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
7767                                                         local address space cannot
7768                                                         be used.*
7769
7770                                                         1. ds_atomic
7771                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7772
7773                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
7774                                                           - Must happen before
7775                                                             any following
7776                                                             global/generic
7777                                                             load/load
7778                                                             atomic/store/store
7779                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7780                                                           - Ensures any
7781                                                             following global
7782                                                             data read is no
7783                                                             older than the local load
7784                                                             atomic value being
7785                                                             acquired.
7786
7787     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
7788
7789                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
7790                                                             TgSplit execution mode
7791                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
7792                                                             execution mode.
7793                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7794                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7795                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7796                                                             must happen after
7797                                                             any preceding
7798                                                             global/generic load/store/
7799                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
7800                                                             atomicrmw.
7801                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7802                                                             must happen after
7803                                                             any preceding
7804                                                             local/generic
7805                                                             load/store/load
7806                                                             atomic/store
7807                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7808                                                           - Must happen before
7809                                                             the following
7810                                                             atomicrmw.
7811                                                           - Ensures that all
7812                                                             memory operations
7813                                                             have
7814                                                             completed before
7815                                                             performing the
7816                                                             atomicrmw that is
7817                                                             being released.
7818
7819                                                         2. flat_atomic
7820                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7821                                                            vmcnt(0)
7822
7823                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7824                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
7825                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7826                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7827                                                           - Must happen before
7828                                                             the following
7829                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol and
7830                                                             any following
7831                                                             global/generic
7832                                                             load/load
7833                                                             atomic/store/store
7834                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7835                                                           - Ensures any
7836                                                             following global
7837                                                             data read is no
7838                                                             older than a local load
7839                                                             atomic value being
7840                                                             acquired.
7841
7842                                                         3. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7843
7844                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
7845                                                             mode, omit.
7846                                                           - Ensures that
7847                                                             following
7848                                                             loads will not see
7849                                                             stale data.
7850
7851     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7852                                                            vmcnt(0)
7853
7854                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7855                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7856                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7857                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7858                                                           - Could be split into
7859                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7860                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7861                                                             s_waitcnt
7862                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7863                                                             them to be
7864                                                             independently moved
7865                                                             according to the
7866                                                             following rules.
7867                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7868                                                             must happen after
7869                                                             any preceding
7870                                                             global/generic
7871                                                             load/store/load
7872                                                             atomic/store
7873                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7874                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7875                                                             must happen after
7876                                                             any preceding
7877                                                             local/generic
7878                                                             load/store/load
7879                                                             atomic/store
7880                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7881                                                           - Must happen before
7882                                                             the following
7883                                                             atomicrmw.
7884                                                           - Ensures that all
7885                                                             memory operations
7886                                                             to global have
7887                                                             completed before
7888                                                             performing the
7889                                                             atomicrmw that is
7890                                                             being released.
7891
7892                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
7893                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7894
7895                                                           - Must happen before
7896                                                             following
7897                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7898                                                           - Ensures the
7899                                                             atomicrmw has
7900                                                             completed before
7901                                                             invalidating the
7902                                                             cache.
7903
7904                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7905
7906                                                           - Must happen before
7907                                                             any following
7908                                                             global/generic
7909                                                             load/load
7910                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7911                                                           - Ensures that
7912                                                             following loads
7913                                                             will not see stale
7914                                                             global data.
7915
7916     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2
7917
7918                                                           - Must happen before
7919                                                             following s_waitcnt.
7920                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
7921                                                             ensure previous
7922                                                             global/generic
7923                                                             store/atomicrmw are
7924                                                             visible at system scope.
7925
7926                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7927                                                            vmcnt(0)
7928
7929                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
7930                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
7931                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
7932                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
7933                                                           - Could be split into
7934                                                             separate s_waitcnt
7935                                                             vmcnt(0) and
7936                                                             s_waitcnt
7937                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
7938                                                             them to be
7939                                                             independently moved
7940                                                             according to the
7941                                                             following rules.
7942                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7943                                                             must happen after
7944                                                             any preceding
7945                                                             global/generic
7946                                                             load/store/load
7947                                                             atomic/store
7948                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7949                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
7950                                                             must happen after
7951                                                             any preceding
7952                                                             local/generic
7953                                                             load/store/load
7954                                                             atomic/store
7955                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7956                                                           - Must happen before
7957                                                             the following
7958                                                             atomicrmw.
7959                                                           - Ensures that all
7960                                                             memory operations
7961                                                             to global and L2 writeback
7962                                                             have completed before
7963                                                             performing the
7964                                                             atomicrmw that is
7965                                                             being released.
7966
7967                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
7968                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
7969
7970                                                           - Must happen before
7971                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
7972                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
7973                                                           - Ensures the
7974                                                             atomicrmw has
7975                                                             completed before
7976                                                             invalidating the
7977                                                             caches.
7978
7979                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
7980                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
7981
7982                                                           - Must happen before
7983                                                             any following
7984                                                             global/generic
7985                                                             load/load
7986                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
7987                                                           - Ensures that
7988                                                             following
7989                                                             loads will not see
7990                                                             stale L1 global data,
7991                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
7992                                                             NC global data.
7993                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
7994                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
7995                                                             the memory probes.
7996
7997     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
7998                                                            vmcnt(0)
7999
8000                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8001                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8002                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8003                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8004                                                           - Could be split into
8005                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8006                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8007                                                             s_waitcnt
8008                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8009                                                             them to be
8010                                                             independently moved
8011                                                             according to the
8012                                                             following rules.
8013                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8014                                                             must happen after
8015                                                             any preceding
8016                                                             global/generic
8017                                                             load/store/load
8018                                                             atomic/store
8019                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8020                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8021                                                             must happen after
8022                                                             any preceding
8023                                                             local/generic
8024                                                             load/store/load
8025                                                             atomic/store
8026                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8027                                                           - Must happen before
8028                                                             the following
8029                                                             atomicrmw.
8030                                                           - Ensures that all
8031                                                             memory operations
8032                                                             to global have
8033                                                             completed before
8034                                                             performing the
8035                                                             atomicrmw that is
8036                                                             being released.
8037
8038                                                         2. flat_atomic
8039                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8040                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8041
8042                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8043                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8044                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8045                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8046                                                           - Must happen before
8047                                                             following
8048                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8049                                                           - Ensures the
8050                                                             atomicrmw has
8051                                                             completed before
8052                                                             invalidating the
8053                                                             cache.
8054
8055                                                         4. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8056
8057                                                           - Must happen before
8058                                                             any following
8059                                                             global/generic
8060                                                             load/load
8061                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8062                                                           - Ensures that
8063                                                             following loads
8064                                                             will not see stale
8065                                                             global data.
8066
8067     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2
8068
8069                                                           - Must happen before
8070                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8071                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8072                                                             ensure previous
8073                                                             global/generic
8074                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8075                                                             visible at system scope.
8076
8077                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8078                                                            vmcnt(0)
8079
8080                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8081                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8082                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8083                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8084                                                           - Could be split into
8085                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8086                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8087                                                             s_waitcnt
8088                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8089                                                             them to be
8090                                                             independently moved
8091                                                             according to the
8092                                                             following rules.
8093                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8094                                                             must happen after
8095                                                             any preceding
8096                                                             global/generic
8097                                                             load/store/load
8098                                                             atomic/store
8099                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8100                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8101                                                             must happen after
8102                                                             any preceding
8103                                                             local/generic
8104                                                             load/store/load
8105                                                             atomic/store
8106                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8107                                                           - Must happen before
8108                                                             the following
8109                                                             atomicrmw.
8110                                                           - Ensures that all
8111                                                             memory operations
8112                                                             to global and L2 writeback
8113                                                             have completed before
8114                                                             performing the
8115                                                             atomicrmw that is
8116                                                             being released.
8117
8118                                                         3. flat_atomic
8119                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
8120                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
8121
8122                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8123                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8124                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
8125                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8126                                                           - Must happen before
8127                                                             following buffer_invl2 and
8128                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8129                                                           - Ensures the
8130                                                             atomicrmw has
8131                                                             completed before
8132                                                             invalidating the
8133                                                             caches.
8134
8135                                                         5. buffer_invl2;
8136                                                            buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8137
8138                                                           - Must happen before
8139                                                             any following
8140                                                             global/generic
8141                                                             load/load
8142                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8143                                                           - Ensures that
8144                                                             following
8145                                                             loads will not see
8146                                                             stale L1 global data,
8147                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8148                                                             NC global data.
8149                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8150                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8151                                                             the memory probes.
8152
8153     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
8154                               - wavefront
8155     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8156
8157                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8158                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8159                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8160                                                             execution mode.
8161                                                           - If OpenCL and
8162                                                             address space is
8163                                                             not generic, omit
8164                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8165                                                           - If OpenCL and
8166                                                             address space is
8167                                                             local, omit
8168                                                             vmcnt(0).
8169                                                           - However,
8170                                                             since LLVM
8171                                                             currently has no
8172                                                             address space on
8173                                                             the fence need to
8174                                                             conservatively
8175                                                             always generate
8176                                                             (see comment for
8177                                                             previous fence).
8178                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8179                                                             must happen after
8180                                                             any preceding
8181                                                             global/generic
8182                                                             load/store/
8183                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
8184                                                             atomicrmw.
8185                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8186                                                             must happen after
8187                                                             any preceding
8188                                                             local/generic
8189                                                             load/load
8190                                                             atomic/store/store
8191                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8192                                                           - Must happen before
8193                                                             any following
8194                                                             global/generic
8195                                                             load/load
8196                                                             atomic/store/store
8197                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8198                                                           - Ensures that all
8199                                                             memory operations
8200                                                             have
8201                                                             completed before
8202                                                             performing any
8203                                                             following global
8204                                                             memory operations.
8205                                                           - Ensures that the
8206                                                             preceding
8207                                                             local/generic load
8208                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8209                                                             with an equal or
8210                                                             wider sync scope
8211                                                             and memory ordering
8212                                                             stronger than
8213                                                             unordered (this is
8214                                                             termed the
8215                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8216                                                             has completed
8217                                                             before following
8218                                                             global memory
8219                                                             operations. This
8220                                                             satisfies the
8221                                                             requirements of
8222                                                             acquire.
8223                                                           - Ensures that all
8224                                                             previous memory
8225                                                             operations have
8226                                                             completed before a
8227                                                             following
8228                                                             local/generic store
8229                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8230                                                             with an equal or
8231                                                             wider sync scope
8232                                                             and memory ordering
8233                                                             stronger than
8234                                                             unordered (this is
8235                                                             termed the
8236                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8237                                                             This satisfies the
8238                                                             requirements of
8239                                                             release.
8240                                                           - Must happen before
8241                                                             the following
8242                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8243                                                           - Ensures that the
8244                                                             acquire-fence-paired
8245                                                             atomic has completed
8246                                                             before invalidating
8247                                                             the
8248                                                             cache. Therefore
8249                                                             any following
8250                                                             locations read must
8251                                                             be no older than
8252                                                             the value read by
8253                                                             the
8254                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
8255
8256                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8257
8258                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8259                                                             mode, omit.
8260                                                           - Ensures that
8261                                                             following
8262                                                             loads will not see
8263                                                             stale data.
8264
8265     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8266                                                            vmcnt(0)
8267
8268                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8269                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8270                                                           - If OpenCL and
8271                                                             address space is
8272                                                             not generic, omit
8273                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8274                                                           - However, since LLVM
8275                                                             currently has no
8276                                                             address space on
8277                                                             the fence need to
8278                                                             conservatively
8279                                                             always generate
8280                                                             (see comment for
8281                                                             previous fence).
8282                                                           - Could be split into
8283                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8284                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8285                                                             s_waitcnt
8286                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8287                                                             them to be
8288                                                             independently moved
8289                                                             according to the
8290                                                             following rules.
8291                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8292                                                             must happen after
8293                                                             any preceding
8294                                                             global/generic
8295                                                             load/store/load
8296                                                             atomic/store
8297                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8298                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8299                                                             must happen after
8300                                                             any preceding
8301                                                             local/generic
8302                                                             load/store/load
8303                                                             atomic/store
8304                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8305                                                           - Must happen before
8306                                                             the following
8307                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8308                                                           - Ensures that the
8309                                                             preceding
8310                                                             global/local/generic
8311                                                             load
8312                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8313                                                             with an equal or
8314                                                             wider sync scope
8315                                                             and memory ordering
8316                                                             stronger than
8317                                                             unordered (this is
8318                                                             termed the
8319                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8320                                                             has completed
8321                                                             before invalidating
8322                                                             the cache. This
8323                                                             satisfies the
8324                                                             requirements of
8325                                                             acquire.
8326                                                           - Ensures that all
8327                                                             previous memory
8328                                                             operations have
8329                                                             completed before a
8330                                                             following
8331                                                             global/local/generic
8332                                                             store
8333                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8334                                                             with an equal or
8335                                                             wider sync scope
8336                                                             and memory ordering
8337                                                             stronger than
8338                                                             unordered (this is
8339                                                             termed the
8340                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8341                                                             This satisfies the
8342                                                             requirements of
8343                                                             release.
8344
8345                                                         2. buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8346
8347                                                           - Must happen before
8348                                                             any following
8349                                                             global/generic
8350                                                             load/load
8351                                                             atomic/store/store
8352                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8353                                                           - Ensures that
8354                                                             following loads
8355                                                             will not see stale
8356                                                             global data. This
8357                                                             satisfies the
8358                                                             requirements of
8359                                                             acquire.
8360
8361     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2
8362
8363                                                           - If OpenCL and
8364                                                             address space is
8365                                                             local, omit.
8366                                                           - Must happen before
8367                                                             following s_waitcnt.
8368                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
8369                                                             ensure previous
8370                                                             global/generic
8371                                                             store/atomicrmw are
8372                                                             visible at system scope.
8373
8374                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8375                                                            vmcnt(0)
8376
8377                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8378                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8379                                                           - If OpenCL and
8380                                                             address space is
8381                                                             not generic, omit
8382                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
8383                                                           - However, since LLVM
8384                                                             currently has no
8385                                                             address space on
8386                                                             the fence need to
8387                                                             conservatively
8388                                                             always generate
8389                                                             (see comment for
8390                                                             previous fence).
8391                                                           - Could be split into
8392                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8393                                                             vmcnt(0) and
8394                                                             s_waitcnt
8395                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8396                                                             them to be
8397                                                             independently moved
8398                                                             according to the
8399                                                             following rules.
8400                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8401                                                             must happen after
8402                                                             any preceding
8403                                                             global/generic
8404                                                             load/store/load
8405                                                             atomic/store
8406                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8407                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8408                                                             must happen after
8409                                                             any preceding
8410                                                             local/generic
8411                                                             load/store/load
8412                                                             atomic/store
8413                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8414                                                           - Must happen before
8415                                                             the following buffer_invl2 and
8416                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol.
8417                                                           - Ensures that the
8418                                                             preceding
8419                                                             global/local/generic
8420                                                             load
8421                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8422                                                             with an equal or
8423                                                             wider sync scope
8424                                                             and memory ordering
8425                                                             stronger than
8426                                                             unordered (this is
8427                                                             termed the
8428                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
8429                                                             has completed
8430                                                             before invalidating
8431                                                             the cache. This
8432                                                             satisfies the
8433                                                             requirements of
8434                                                             acquire.
8435                                                           - Ensures that all
8436                                                             previous memory
8437                                                             operations have
8438                                                             completed before a
8439                                                             following
8440                                                             global/local/generic
8441                                                             store
8442                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8443                                                             with an equal or
8444                                                             wider sync scope
8445                                                             and memory ordering
8446                                                             stronger than
8447                                                             unordered (this is
8448                                                             termed the
8449                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
8450                                                             This satisfies the
8451                                                             requirements of
8452                                                             release.
8453
8454                                                         3.  buffer_invl2;
8455                                                             buffer_wbinvl1_vol
8456
8457                                                           - Must happen before
8458                                                             any following
8459                                                             global/generic
8460                                                             load/load
8461                                                             atomic/store/store
8462                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8463                                                           - Ensures that
8464                                                             following
8465                                                             loads will not see
8466                                                             stale L1 global data,
8467                                                             nor see stale L2 MTYPE
8468                                                             NC global data.
8469                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
8470                                                             never be stale in L2 due to
8471                                                             the memory probes.
8472
8473     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
8474     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8475     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8476                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
8477                                              - generic  except must generate
8478                                                         all instructions even
8479                                                         for OpenCL.*
8480     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8481                                              - generic
8482                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8483                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8484                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8485                                                             execution mode.
8486                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
8487                                                             happen after
8488                                                             preceding
8489                                                             local/generic load
8490                                                             atomic/store
8491                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8492                                                             with memory
8493                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8494                                                             and with equal or
8495                                                             wider sync scope.
8496                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8497                                                             fences have their
8498                                                             own s_waitcnt
8499                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8500                                                             not need to be
8501                                                             considered.)
8502                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8503                                                             must happen after
8504                                                             preceding
8505                                                             global/generic load
8506                                                             atomic/store
8507                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8508                                                             with memory
8509                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8510                                                             and with equal or
8511                                                             wider sync scope.
8512                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8513                                                             fences have their
8514                                                             own s_waitcnt
8515                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8516                                                             not need to be
8517                                                             considered.)
8518                                                           - Ensures any
8519                                                             preceding
8520                                                             sequential
8521                                                             consistent global/local
8522                                                             memory instructions
8523                                                             have completed
8524                                                             before executing
8525                                                             this sequentially
8526                                                             consistent
8527                                                             instruction. This
8528                                                             prevents reordering
8529                                                             a seq_cst store
8530                                                             followed by a
8531                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8532                                                             that seq_cst is
8533                                                             stronger than
8534                                                             acquire/release as
8535                                                             the reordering of
8536                                                             load acquire
8537                                                             followed by a store
8538                                                             release is
8539                                                             prevented by the
8540                                                             s_waitcnt of
8541                                                             the release, but
8542                                                             there is nothing
8543                                                             preventing a store
8544                                                             release followed by
8545                                                             load acquire from
8546                                                             completing out of
8547                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8548                                                             could be placed after
8549                                                             seq_store or before
8550                                                             the seq_load. We
8551                                                             choose the load to
8552                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8553                                                             as late as possible
8554                                                             so that the store
8555                                                             may have already
8556                                                             completed.)
8557
8558                                                         2. *Following
8559                                                            instructions same as
8560                                                            corresponding load
8561                                                            atomic acquire,
8562                                                            except must generate
8563                                                            all instructions even
8564                                                            for OpenCL.*
8565     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8566                                                         local address space cannot
8567                                                         be used.*
8568
8569                                                         *Same as corresponding
8570                                                         load atomic acquire,
8571                                                         except must generate
8572                                                         all instructions even
8573                                                         for OpenCL.*
8574
8575     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
8576                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
8577
8578                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
8579                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
8580                                                           - Could be split into
8581                                                             separate s_waitcnt
8582                                                             vmcnt(0)
8583                                                             and s_waitcnt
8584                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
8585                                                             them to be
8586                                                             independently moved
8587                                                             according to the
8588                                                             following rules.
8589                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8590                                                             must happen after
8591                                                             preceding
8592                                                             global/generic load
8593                                                             atomic/store
8594                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8595                                                             with memory
8596                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8597                                                             and with equal or
8598                                                             wider sync scope.
8599                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8600                                                             fences have their
8601                                                             own s_waitcnt
8602                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
8603                                                             not need to be
8604                                                             considered.)
8605                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8606                                                             must happen after
8607                                                             preceding
8608                                                             global/generic load
8609                                                             atomic/store
8610                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
8611                                                             with memory
8612                                                             ordering of seq_cst
8613                                                             and with equal or
8614                                                             wider sync scope.
8615                                                             (Note that seq_cst
8616                                                             fences have their
8617                                                             own s_waitcnt
8618                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
8619                                                             not need to be
8620                                                             considered.)
8621                                                           - Ensures any
8622                                                             preceding
8623                                                             sequential
8624                                                             consistent global
8625                                                             memory instructions
8626                                                             have completed
8627                                                             before executing
8628                                                             this sequentially
8629                                                             consistent
8630                                                             instruction. This
8631                                                             prevents reordering
8632                                                             a seq_cst store
8633                                                             followed by a
8634                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
8635                                                             that seq_cst is
8636                                                             stronger than
8637                                                             acquire/release as
8638                                                             the reordering of
8639                                                             load acquire
8640                                                             followed by a store
8641                                                             release is
8642                                                             prevented by the
8643                                                             s_waitcnt of
8644                                                             the release, but
8645                                                             there is nothing
8646                                                             preventing a store
8647                                                             release followed by
8648                                                             load acquire from
8649                                                             completing out of
8650                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
8651                                                             could be placed after
8652                                                             seq_store or before
8653                                                             the seq_load. We
8654                                                             choose the load to
8655                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
8656                                                             as late as possible
8657                                                             so that the store
8658                                                             may have already
8659                                                             completed.)
8660
8661                                                         2. *Following
8662                                                            instructions same as
8663                                                            corresponding load
8664                                                            atomic acquire,
8665                                                            except must generate
8666                                                            all instructions even
8667                                                            for OpenCL.*
8668     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8669                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
8670                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8671                               - agent                   all instructions even
8672                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8673     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
8674                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
8675                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
8676                               - agent                   all instructions even
8677                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8678     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
8679                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
8680                               - workgroup               except must generate
8681                               - agent                   all instructions even
8682                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
8683     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8684
8685.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx940:
8686
8687Memory Model GFX940
8688+++++++++++++++++++
8689
8690For GFX940:
8691
8692* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
8693* Each SA has multiple compute units (CU).
8694* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
8695* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same CU but may be
8696  executed by different SIMDs. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode
8697  when the wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs.
8698* Each CU has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
8699  executing on it. The exception is when in tgsplit execution mode when no LDS
8700  is allocated as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in different CUs.
8701* All LDS operations of a CU are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
8702  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
8703  execution order.
8704* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
8705  CU. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
8706  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
8707  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
8708  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
8709  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
8710  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
8711  operations performed by the same wavefront.
8712* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations and
8713  completion is reported to a wavefront in execution order. The exception is
8714  that ``flat_load/store/atomic`` instructions can report out of vector memory
8715  order if they access LDS memory, and out of LDS operation order if they access
8716  global memory.
8717* The vector memory operations access a single vector L1 cache shared by all
8718  SIMDs a CU. Therefore:
8719
8720  * No special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
8721    wavefront.
8722
8723  * No special action is required for coherence between wavefronts in the same
8724    work-group since they execute on the same CU. The exception is when in
8725    tgsplit execution mode as wavefronts of the same work-group can be in
8726    different CUs and so a ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required which will invalidate
8727    the L1 cache.
8728
8729  * A ``buffer_inv sc0`` is required to invalidate the L1 cache for coherence
8730    between wavefronts executing in different work-groups as they may be
8731    executing on different CUs.
8732
8733  * Atomic read-modify-write instructions implicitly bypass the L1 cache.
8734    Therefore, they do not use the sc0 bit for coherence and instead use it to
8735    indicate if the instruction returns the original value being updated. They
8736    do use sc1 to indicate system or agent scope coherence.
8737
8738* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L1 cache shared by all wavefronts
8739  on a group of CUs. The scalar and vector L1 caches are not coherent. However,
8740  scalar operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory
8741  model. See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8742* The vector and scalar memory operations use an L2 cache.
8743
8744  * The gfx940 can be configured as a number of smaller agents with each having
8745    a single L2 shared by all CUs on the same agent, or as fewer (possibly one)
8746    larger agents with groups of CUs on each agent each sharing separate L2
8747    caches.
8748  * The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
8749    addresses.
8750  * Each CU has a separate request queue per channel for its associated L2.
8751    Therefore, the vector and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts
8752    executing with different L1 caches and the same L2 cache can be reordered
8753    relative to each other.
8754  * A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between
8755    vector memory operations of different CUs. It ensures a previous vector
8756    memory operation has completed before executing a subsequent vector memory
8757    or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the requirements of acquire and
8758    release.
8759  * An L2 cache can be kept coherent with other L2 caches by using the MTYPE RW
8760    (read-write) for memory local to the L2, and MTYPE NC (non-coherent) with
8761    the PTE C-bit set for memory not local to the L2.
8762
8763    * Any local memory cache lines will be automatically invalidated by writes
8764      from CUs associated with other L2 caches, or writes from the CPU, due to
8765      the cache probe caused by the PTE C-bit.
8766    * XGMI accesses from the CPU to local memory may be cached on the CPU.
8767      Subsequent access from the GPU will automatically invalidate or writeback
8768      the CPU cache due to the L2 probe filter.
8769    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs with different L1 caches
8770      in the same agent a ``buffer_wbl2`` is required. It does nothing if the
8771      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will writeback dirty L2 cache
8772      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8773    * To ensure coherence of local memory writes of CUs in different agents a
8774      ``buffer_wbl2 sc1`` is required. It will writeback dirty L2 cache lines.
8775    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs with different L1 caches
8776      in the same agent a ``buffer_inv sc1`` is required. It does nothing if the
8777      agent is configured to have a single L2, or will invalidate non-local L2
8778      cache lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8779    * To ensure coherence of local memory reads of CUs in different agents a
8780      ``buffer_inv sc0 sc1`` is required. It will invalidate non-local L2 cache
8781      lines if configured to have multiple L2 caches.
8782
8783  * PCIe access from the GPU to the CPU can be kept coherent by using the MTYPE
8784    UC (uncached) which bypasses the L2.
8785
8786Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
8787change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
8788address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
8789Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
8790ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
8791invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
8792may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
8793:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
8794
8795The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
8796case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
8797accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
8798then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
8799return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
8800future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
8801creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
8802``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
8803
8804For kernarg backing memory:
8805
8806* CP invalidates the L1 cache at the start of each kernel dispatch.
8807* On dGPU over XGMI or PCIe the kernarg backing memory is allocated in host
8808  memory accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid needing to invalidate the L2
8809  cache. This also causes it to be treated as non-volatile and so is not
8810  invalidated by ``*_vol``.
8811* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
8812  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
8813
8814Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
8815with MTYPE NC_NV (non-coherent non-volatile). Since the private address space is
8816only accessed by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is
8817never a need to invalidate these entries from the L1 cache. Hence all cache
8818invalidates are done as ``*_vol`` to only invalidate the volatile cache lines.
8819
8820The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX940 are defined
8821in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table`.
8822
8823  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX940
8824     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx940-table
8825
8826     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8827     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
8828                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX940
8829                                              Space
8830     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
8831     **Non-Atomic**
8832     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8833     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8834                                              - generic
8835                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
8836                                              - constant
8837                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8838
8839                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8840                                                              nt=1
8841
8842                                                         - volatile
8843
8844                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
8845                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8846                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8847
8848                                                            - Must happen before
8849                                                              any following volatile
8850                                                              global/generic
8851                                                              load/store.
8852                                                            - Ensures that
8853                                                              volatile
8854                                                              operations to
8855                                                              different
8856                                                              addresses will not
8857                                                              be reordered by
8858                                                              hardware.
8859
8860     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
8861     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
8862                                              - generic
8863                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
8864                                              - constant
8865                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
8866
8867                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8868                                                              nt=1
8869
8870                                                         - volatile
8871
8872                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
8873                                                              sc0=1 sc1=1
8874                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8875
8876                                                            - Must happen before
8877                                                              any following volatile
8878                                                              global/generic
8879                                                              load/store.
8880                                                            - Ensures that
8881                                                              volatile
8882                                                              operations to
8883                                                              different
8884                                                              addresses will not
8885                                                              be reordered by
8886                                                              hardware.
8887
8888     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
8889     **Unordered Atomic**
8890     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8891     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8892     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
8893     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
8894     **Monotonic Atomic**
8895     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8896     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8897                               - wavefront    - generic
8898     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8899                                              - generic     sc0=1
8900     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8901                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8902                               - workgroup               be used.*
8903
8904                                                         1. ds_load
8905     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8906                                              - generic     sc1=1
8907     load atomic  monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
8908                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8909     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8910                               - wavefront    - generic
8911     store atomic monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8912                                              - generic     sc0=1
8913     store atomic monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8914                                              - generic     sc1=1
8915     store atomic monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
8916                                              - generic     sc0=1 sc1=1
8917     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8918                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8919                               - workgroup               be used.*
8920
8921                                                         1. ds_store
8922     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8923                               - wavefront    - generic
8924                               - workgroup
8925                               - agent
8926     atomicrmw    monotonic    - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
8927                                              - generic     sc1=1
8928     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8929                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
8930                               - workgroup               be used.*
8931
8932                                                         1. ds_atomic
8933     **Acquire Atomic**
8934     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8935     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
8936                               - wavefront    - local
8937                                              - generic
8938     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load sc0=1
8939                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
8940
8941                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8942                                                             mode, omit.
8943                                                           - Must happen before the
8944                                                             following buffer_inv.
8945
8946                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
8947
8948                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
8949                                                             mode, omit.
8950                                                           - Must happen before
8951                                                             any following
8952                                                             global/generic
8953                                                             load/load
8954                                                             atomic/store/store
8955                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8956                                                           - Ensures that
8957                                                             following
8958                                                             loads will not see
8959                                                             stale data.
8960
8961     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
8962                                                         local address space cannot
8963                                                         be used.*
8964
8965                                                         1. ds_load
8966                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
8967
8968                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
8969                                                           - Must happen before
8970                                                             any following
8971                                                             global/generic
8972                                                             load/load
8973                                                             atomic/store/store
8974                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8975                                                           - Ensures any
8976                                                             following global
8977                                                             data read is no
8978                                                             older than the local load
8979                                                             atomic value being
8980                                                             acquired.
8981
8982     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load  sc0=1
8983                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
8984
8985                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
8986                                                             TgSplit execution mode
8987                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
8988                                                             execution mode.
8989                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
8990                                                           - Must happen before
8991                                                             the following
8992                                                             buffer_inv and any
8993                                                             following global/generic
8994                                                             load/load
8995                                                             atomic/store/store
8996                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
8997                                                           - Ensures any
8998                                                             following global
8999                                                             data read is no
9000                                                             older than a local load
9001                                                             atomic value being
9002                                                             acquired.
9003
9004                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9005
9006                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9007                                                             mode, omit.
9008                                                           - Ensures that
9009                                                             following
9010                                                             loads will not see
9011                                                             stale data.
9012
9013     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
9014                                                            sc1=1
9015                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9016
9017                                                           - Must happen before
9018                                                             following
9019                                                             buffer_inv.
9020                                                           - Ensures the load
9021                                                             has completed
9022                                                             before invalidating
9023                                                             the cache.
9024
9025                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9026
9027                                                           - Must happen before
9028                                                             any following
9029                                                             global/generic
9030                                                             load/load
9031                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9032                                                           - Ensures that
9033                                                             following
9034                                                             loads will not see
9035                                                             stale global data.
9036
9037     load atomic  acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
9038                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9039                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9040
9041                                                           - Must happen before
9042                                                             following
9043                                                             buffer_inv.
9044                                                           - Ensures the load
9045                                                             has completed
9046                                                             before invalidating
9047                                                             the cache.
9048
9049                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9050
9051                                                           - Must happen before
9052                                                             any following
9053                                                             global/generic
9054                                                             load/load
9055                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9056                                                           - Ensures that
9057                                                             following
9058                                                             loads will not see
9059                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9060                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9061                                                             never be stale due to the
9062                                                             memory probes.
9063
9064     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load sc1=1
9065                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9066                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9067
9068                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9069                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9070                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9071                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9072                                                           - Must happen before
9073                                                             following
9074                                                             buffer_inv.
9075                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9076                                                             has completed
9077                                                             before invalidating
9078                                                             the cache.
9079
9080                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9081
9082                                                           - Must happen before
9083                                                             any following
9084                                                             global/generic
9085                                                             load/load
9086                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9087                                                           - Ensures that
9088                                                             following loads
9089                                                             will not see stale
9090                                                             global data.
9091
9092     load atomic  acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_load sc0=1 sc1=1
9093                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9094                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9095
9096                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9097                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9098                                                           - If OpenCL omit
9099                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9100                                                           - Must happen before
9101                                                             the following
9102                                                             buffer_inv.
9103                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
9104                                                             has completed
9105                                                             before invalidating
9106                                                             the caches.
9107
9108                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9109
9110                                                           - Must happen before
9111                                                             any following
9112                                                             global/generic
9113                                                             load/load
9114                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9115                                                           - Ensures that
9116                                                             following
9117                                                             loads will not see
9118                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9119                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9120                                                             never be stale due to the
9121                                                             memory probes.
9122
9123     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9124                               - wavefront    - generic
9125     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9126                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9127                                                         be used.*
9128
9129                                                         1. ds_atomic
9130     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9131                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9132
9133                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9134                                                             mode, omit.
9135                                                           - Must happen before the
9136                                                             following buffer_inv.
9137                                                           - Ensures the atomicrmw
9138                                                             has completed
9139                                                             before invalidating
9140                                                             the cache.
9141
9142                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9143
9144                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9145                                                             mode, omit.
9146                                                           - Must happen before
9147                                                             any following
9148                                                             global/generic
9149                                                             load/load
9150                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9151                                                           - Ensures that
9152                                                             following loads
9153                                                             will not see stale
9154                                                             global data.
9155
9156     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9157                                                         local address space cannot
9158                                                         be used.*
9159
9160                                                         1. ds_atomic
9161                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9162
9163                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
9164                                                           - Must happen before
9165                                                             any following
9166                                                             global/generic
9167                                                             load/load
9168                                                             atomic/store/store
9169                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9170                                                           - Ensures any
9171                                                             following global
9172                                                             data read is no
9173                                                             older than the local
9174                                                             atomicrmw value
9175                                                             being acquired.
9176
9177     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
9178                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9179
9180                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9181                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9182                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9183                                                             execution mode.
9184                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9185                                                           - Must happen before
9186                                                             the following
9187                                                             buffer_inv and
9188                                                             any following
9189                                                             global/generic
9190                                                             load/load
9191                                                             atomic/store/store
9192                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9193                                                           - Ensures any
9194                                                             following global
9195                                                             data read is no
9196                                                             older than a local
9197                                                             atomicrmw value
9198                                                             being acquired.
9199
9200                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9201
9202                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9203                                                             mode, omit.
9204                                                           - Ensures that
9205                                                             following
9206                                                             loads will not see
9207                                                             stale data.
9208
9209     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9210                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9211
9212                                                           - Must happen before
9213                                                             following
9214                                                             buffer_inv.
9215                                                           - Ensures the
9216                                                             atomicrmw has
9217                                                             completed before
9218                                                             invalidating the
9219                                                             cache.
9220
9221                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9222
9223                                                           - Must happen before
9224                                                             any following
9225                                                             global/generic
9226                                                             load/load
9227                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9228                                                           - Ensures that
9229                                                             following loads
9230                                                             will not see stale
9231                                                             global data.
9232
9233     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
9234                                                            sc1=1
9235                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9236
9237                                                           - Must happen before
9238                                                             following
9239                                                             buffer_inv.
9240                                                           - Ensures the
9241                                                             atomicrmw has
9242                                                             completed before
9243                                                             invalidating the
9244                                                             caches.
9245
9246                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9247
9248                                                           - Must happen before
9249                                                             any following
9250                                                             global/generic
9251                                                             load/load
9252                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9253                                                           - Ensures that
9254                                                             following
9255                                                             loads will not see
9256                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9257                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9258                                                             never be stale due to the
9259                                                             memory probes.
9260
9261     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
9262                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9263                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9264
9265                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9266                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9267                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9268                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9269                                                           - Must happen before
9270                                                             following
9271                                                             buffer_inv.
9272                                                           - Ensures the
9273                                                             atomicrmw has
9274                                                             completed before
9275                                                             invalidating the
9276                                                             cache.
9277
9278                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
9279
9280                                                           - Must happen before
9281                                                             any following
9282                                                             global/generic
9283                                                             load/load
9284                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9285                                                           - Ensures that
9286                                                             following loads
9287                                                             will not see stale
9288                                                             global data.
9289
9290     atomicrmw    acquire      - system       - generic  1. flat_atomic sc1=1
9291                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
9292                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
9293
9294                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9295                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9296                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9297                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9298                                                           - Must happen before
9299                                                             following
9300                                                             buffer_inv.
9301                                                           - Ensures the
9302                                                             atomicrmw has
9303                                                             completed before
9304                                                             invalidating the
9305                                                             caches.
9306
9307                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9308
9309                                                           - Must happen before
9310                                                             any following
9311                                                             global/generic
9312                                                             load/load
9313                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9314                                                           - Ensures that
9315                                                             following
9316                                                             loads will not see
9317                                                             stale MTYPE NC global data.
9318                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
9319                                                             never be stale due to the
9320                                                             memory probes.
9321
9322     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9323                               - wavefront
9324     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9325
9326                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9327                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9328                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9329                                                             execution mode.
9330                                                           - If OpenCL and
9331                                                             address space is
9332                                                             not generic, omit
9333                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9334                                                           - If OpenCL and
9335                                                             address space is
9336                                                             local, omit
9337                                                             vmcnt(0).
9338                                                           - However, since LLVM
9339                                                             currently has no
9340                                                             address space on
9341                                                             the fence need to
9342                                                             conservatively
9343                                                             always generate. If
9344                                                             fence had an
9345                                                             address space then
9346                                                             set to address
9347                                                             space of OpenCL
9348                                                             fence flag, or to
9349                                                             generic if both
9350                                                             local and global
9351                                                             flags are
9352                                                             specified.
9353                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9354                                                             must happen after
9355                                                             any preceding
9356                                                             global/generic load
9357                                                             atomic/
9358                                                             atomicrmw
9359                                                             with an equal or
9360                                                             wider sync scope
9361                                                             and memory ordering
9362                                                             stronger than
9363                                                             unordered (this is
9364                                                             termed the
9365                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9366                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9367                                                             must happen after
9368                                                             any preceding
9369                                                             local/generic load
9370                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9371                                                             with an equal or
9372                                                             wider sync scope
9373                                                             and memory ordering
9374                                                             stronger than
9375                                                             unordered (this is
9376                                                             termed the
9377                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9378                                                           - Must happen before
9379                                                             the following
9380                                                             buffer_inv and
9381                                                             any following
9382                                                             global/generic
9383                                                             load/load
9384                                                             atomic/store/store
9385                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9386                                                           - Ensures any
9387                                                             following global
9388                                                             data read is no
9389                                                             older than the
9390                                                             value read by the
9391                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9392
9393                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
9394
9395                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
9396                                                             mode, omit.
9397                                                           - Ensures that
9398                                                             following
9399                                                             loads will not see
9400                                                             stale data.
9401
9402     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9403                                                            vmcnt(0)
9404
9405                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9406                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9407                                                           - If OpenCL and
9408                                                             address space is
9409                                                             not generic, omit
9410                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9411                                                           - However, since LLVM
9412                                                             currently has no
9413                                                             address space on
9414                                                             the fence need to
9415                                                             conservatively
9416                                                             always generate
9417                                                             (see comment for
9418                                                             previous fence).
9419                                                           - Could be split into
9420                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9421                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9422                                                             s_waitcnt
9423                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9424                                                             them to be
9425                                                             independently moved
9426                                                             according to the
9427                                                             following rules.
9428                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9429                                                             must happen after
9430                                                             any preceding
9431                                                             global/generic load
9432                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9433                                                             with an equal or
9434                                                             wider sync scope
9435                                                             and memory ordering
9436                                                             stronger than
9437                                                             unordered (this is
9438                                                             termed the
9439                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9440                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9441                                                             must happen after
9442                                                             any preceding
9443                                                             local/generic load
9444                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9445                                                             with an equal or
9446                                                             wider sync scope
9447                                                             and memory ordering
9448                                                             stronger than
9449                                                             unordered (this is
9450                                                             termed the
9451                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9452                                                           - Must happen before
9453                                                             the following
9454                                                             buffer_inv.
9455                                                           - Ensures that the
9456                                                             fence-paired atomic
9457                                                             has completed
9458                                                             before invalidating
9459                                                             the
9460                                                             cache. Therefore
9461                                                             any following
9462                                                             locations read must
9463                                                             be no older than
9464                                                             the value read by
9465                                                             the
9466                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9467
9468                                                         2. buffer_inv sc1=1
9469
9470                                                           - Must happen before any
9471                                                             following global/generic
9472                                                             load/load
9473                                                             atomic/store/store
9474                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9475                                                           - Ensures that
9476                                                             following loads
9477                                                             will not see stale
9478                                                             global data.
9479
9480     fence        acquire      - system       *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9481                                                            vmcnt(0)
9482
9483                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9484                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9485                                                           - If OpenCL and
9486                                                             address space is
9487                                                             not generic, omit
9488                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9489                                                           - However, since LLVM
9490                                                             currently has no
9491                                                             address space on
9492                                                             the fence need to
9493                                                             conservatively
9494                                                             always generate
9495                                                             (see comment for
9496                                                             previous fence).
9497                                                           - Could be split into
9498                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9499                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9500                                                             s_waitcnt
9501                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9502                                                             them to be
9503                                                             independently moved
9504                                                             according to the
9505                                                             following rules.
9506                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9507                                                             must happen after
9508                                                             any preceding
9509                                                             global/generic load
9510                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9511                                                             with an equal or
9512                                                             wider sync scope
9513                                                             and memory ordering
9514                                                             stronger than
9515                                                             unordered (this is
9516                                                             termed the
9517                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9518                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9519                                                             must happen after
9520                                                             any preceding
9521                                                             local/generic load
9522                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9523                                                             with an equal or
9524                                                             wider sync scope
9525                                                             and memory ordering
9526                                                             stronger than
9527                                                             unordered (this is
9528                                                             termed the
9529                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9530                                                           - Must happen before
9531                                                             the following
9532                                                             buffer_inv.
9533                                                           - Ensures that the
9534                                                             fence-paired atomic
9535                                                             has completed
9536                                                             before invalidating
9537                                                             the
9538                                                             cache. Therefore
9539                                                             any following
9540                                                             locations read must
9541                                                             be no older than
9542                                                             the value read by
9543                                                             the
9544                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9545
9546                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
9547
9548                                                           - Must happen before any
9549                                                             following global/generic
9550                                                             load/load
9551                                                             atomic/store/store
9552                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9553                                                           - Ensures that
9554                                                             following loads
9555                                                             will not see stale
9556                                                             global data.
9557
9558     **Release Atomic**
9559     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9560     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
9561                               - wavefront    - generic
9562     store atomic release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9563                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9564                                                         be used.*
9565
9566                                                         1. ds_store
9567     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9568                                              - generic
9569                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9570                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9571                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9572                                                             execution mode.
9573                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
9574                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9575                                                             must happen after
9576                                                             any preceding
9577                                                             global/generic load/store/
9578                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9579                                                             atomicrmw.
9580                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9581                                                             must happen after
9582                                                             any preceding
9583                                                             local/generic
9584                                                             load/store/load
9585                                                             atomic/store
9586                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9587                                                           - Must happen before
9588                                                             the following
9589                                                             store.
9590                                                           - Ensures that all
9591                                                             memory operations
9592                                                             have
9593                                                             completed before
9594                                                             performing the
9595                                                             store that is being
9596                                                             released.
9597
9598                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store sc0=1
9599     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9600                                                         local address space cannot
9601                                                         be used.*
9602
9603                                                         1. ds_store
9604     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9605                                              - generic
9606                                                           - Must happen before
9607                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9608                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9609                                                             ensure previous
9610                                                             global/generic
9611                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9612                                                             visible at agent scope.
9613
9614                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9615                                                            vmcnt(0)
9616
9617                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9618                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9619                                                           - If OpenCL and
9620                                                             address space is
9621                                                             not generic, omit
9622                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9623                                                           - Could be split into
9624                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9625                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9626                                                             s_waitcnt
9627                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9628                                                             them to be
9629                                                             independently moved
9630                                                             according to the
9631                                                             following rules.
9632                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9633                                                             must happen after
9634                                                             any preceding
9635                                                             global/generic
9636                                                             load/store/load
9637                                                             atomic/store
9638                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9639                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9640                                                             must happen after
9641                                                             any preceding
9642                                                             local/generic
9643                                                             load/store/load
9644                                                             atomic/store
9645                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9646                                                           - Must happen before
9647                                                             the following
9648                                                             store.
9649                                                           - Ensures that all
9650                                                             memory operations
9651                                                             to memory have
9652                                                             completed before
9653                                                             performing the
9654                                                             store that is being
9655                                                             released.
9656
9657                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store sc1=1
9658     store atomic release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9659                                              - generic
9660                                                           - Must happen before
9661                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9662                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9663                                                             ensure previous
9664                                                             global/generic
9665                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9666                                                             visible at system scope.
9667
9668                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9669                                                            vmcnt(0)
9670
9671                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9672                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9673                                                           - If OpenCL and
9674                                                             address space is
9675                                                             not generic, omit
9676                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9677                                                           - Could be split into
9678                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9679                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9680                                                             s_waitcnt
9681                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9682                                                             them to be
9683                                                             independently moved
9684                                                             according to the
9685                                                             following rules.
9686                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9687                                                             must happen after any
9688                                                             preceding
9689                                                             global/generic
9690                                                             load/store/load
9691                                                             atomic/store
9692                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9693                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9694                                                             must happen after any
9695                                                             preceding
9696                                                             local/generic
9697                                                             load/store/load
9698                                                             atomic/store
9699                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9700                                                           - Must happen before
9701                                                             the following
9702                                                             store.
9703                                                           - Ensures that all
9704                                                             memory operations
9705                                                             to memory and the L2
9706                                                             writeback have
9707                                                             completed before
9708                                                             performing the
9709                                                             store that is being
9710                                                             released.
9711
9712                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_store
9713                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9714     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9715                               - wavefront    - generic
9716     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9717                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
9718                                                         be used.*
9719
9720                                                         1. ds_atomic
9721     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9722                                              - generic
9723                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9724                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9725                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9726                                                             execution mode.
9727                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9728                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9729                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9730                                                             must happen after
9731                                                             any preceding
9732                                                             global/generic load/store/
9733                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9734                                                             atomicrmw.
9735                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9736                                                             must happen after
9737                                                             any preceding
9738                                                             local/generic
9739                                                             load/store/load
9740                                                             atomic/store
9741                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9742                                                           - Must happen before
9743                                                             the following
9744                                                             atomicrmw.
9745                                                           - Ensures that all
9746                                                             memory operations
9747                                                             have
9748                                                             completed before
9749                                                             performing the
9750                                                             atomicrmw that is
9751                                                             being released.
9752
9753                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc0=1
9754     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
9755                                                         local address space cannot
9756                                                         be used.*
9757
9758                                                         1. ds_atomic
9759     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9760                                              - generic
9761                                                           - Must happen before
9762                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9763                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9764                                                             ensure previous
9765                                                             global/generic
9766                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9767                                                             visible at agent scope.
9768
9769                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9770                                                            vmcnt(0)
9771
9772                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9773                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9774                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9775                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9776                                                           - Could be split into
9777                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9778                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9779                                                             s_waitcnt
9780                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9781                                                             them to be
9782                                                             independently moved
9783                                                             according to the
9784                                                             following rules.
9785                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9786                                                             must happen after
9787                                                             any preceding
9788                                                             global/generic
9789                                                             load/store/load
9790                                                             atomic/store
9791                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9792                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9793                                                             must happen after
9794                                                             any preceding
9795                                                             local/generic
9796                                                             load/store/load
9797                                                             atomic/store
9798                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9799                                                           - Must happen before
9800                                                             the following
9801                                                             atomicrmw.
9802                                                           - Ensures that all
9803                                                             memory operations
9804                                                             to global and local
9805                                                             have completed
9806                                                             before performing
9807                                                             the atomicrmw that
9808                                                             is being released.
9809
9810                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic sc1=1
9811     atomicrmw    release      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
9812                                              - generic
9813                                                           - Must happen before
9814                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9815                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9816                                                             ensure previous
9817                                                             global/generic
9818                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9819                                                             visible at system scope.
9820
9821                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9822                                                            vmcnt(0)
9823
9824                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9825                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9826                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
9827                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9828                                                           - Could be split into
9829                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9830                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9831                                                             s_waitcnt
9832                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9833                                                             them to be
9834                                                             independently moved
9835                                                             according to the
9836                                                             following rules.
9837                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9838                                                             must happen after
9839                                                             any preceding
9840                                                             global/generic
9841                                                             load/store/load
9842                                                             atomic/store
9843                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9844                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9845                                                             must happen after
9846                                                             any preceding
9847                                                             local/generic
9848                                                             load/store/load
9849                                                             atomic/store
9850                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9851                                                           - Must happen before
9852                                                             the following
9853                                                             atomicrmw.
9854                                                           - Ensures that all
9855                                                             memory operations
9856                                                             to memory and the L2
9857                                                             writeback have
9858                                                             completed before
9859                                                             performing the
9860                                                             store that is being
9861                                                             released.
9862
9863                                                         3. buffer/global/flat_atomic
9864                                                            sc0=1 sc1=1
9865     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
9866                               - wavefront
9867     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
9868
9869                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
9870                                                             TgSplit execution mode
9871                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
9872                                                             execution mode.
9873                                                           - If OpenCL and
9874                                                             address space is
9875                                                             not generic, omit
9876                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9877                                                           - If OpenCL and
9878                                                             address space is
9879                                                             local, omit
9880                                                             vmcnt(0).
9881                                                           - However, since LLVM
9882                                                             currently has no
9883                                                             address space on
9884                                                             the fence need to
9885                                                             conservatively
9886                                                             always generate. If
9887                                                             fence had an
9888                                                             address space then
9889                                                             set to address
9890                                                             space of OpenCL
9891                                                             fence flag, or to
9892                                                             generic if both
9893                                                             local and global
9894                                                             flags are
9895                                                             specified.
9896                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9897                                                             must happen after
9898                                                             any preceding
9899                                                             global/generic
9900                                                             load/store/
9901                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
9902                                                             atomicrmw.
9903                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9904                                                             must happen after
9905                                                             any preceding
9906                                                             local/generic
9907                                                             load/load
9908                                                             atomic/store/store
9909                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9910                                                           - Must happen before
9911                                                             any following store
9912                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9913                                                             with an equal or
9914                                                             wider sync scope
9915                                                             and memory ordering
9916                                                             stronger than
9917                                                             unordered (this is
9918                                                             termed the
9919                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
9920                                                           - Ensures that all
9921                                                             memory operations
9922                                                             have
9923                                                             completed before
9924                                                             performing the
9925                                                             following
9926                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
9927
9928     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
9929
9930                                                           - If OpenCL and
9931                                                             address space is
9932                                                             local, omit.
9933                                                           - Must happen before
9934                                                             following s_waitcnt.
9935                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
9936                                                             ensure previous
9937                                                             global/generic
9938                                                             store/atomicrmw are
9939                                                             visible at agent scope.
9940
9941                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
9942                                                            vmcnt(0)
9943
9944                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
9945                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
9946                                                           - If OpenCL and
9947                                                             address space is
9948                                                             not generic, omit
9949                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
9950                                                           - If OpenCL and
9951                                                             address space is
9952                                                             local, omit
9953                                                             vmcnt(0).
9954                                                           - However, since LLVM
9955                                                             currently has no
9956                                                             address space on
9957                                                             the fence need to
9958                                                             conservatively
9959                                                             always generate. If
9960                                                             fence had an
9961                                                             address space then
9962                                                             set to address
9963                                                             space of OpenCL
9964                                                             fence flag, or to
9965                                                             generic if both
9966                                                             local and global
9967                                                             flags are
9968                                                             specified.
9969                                                           - Could be split into
9970                                                             separate s_waitcnt
9971                                                             vmcnt(0) and
9972                                                             s_waitcnt
9973                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
9974                                                             them to be
9975                                                             independently moved
9976                                                             according to the
9977                                                             following rules.
9978                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
9979                                                             must happen after
9980                                                             any preceding
9981                                                             global/generic
9982                                                             load/store/load
9983                                                             atomic/store
9984                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9985                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
9986                                                             must happen after
9987                                                             any preceding
9988                                                             local/generic
9989                                                             load/store/load
9990                                                             atomic/store
9991                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
9992                                                           - Must happen before
9993                                                             any following store
9994                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
9995                                                             with an equal or
9996                                                             wider sync scope
9997                                                             and memory ordering
9998                                                             stronger than
9999                                                             unordered (this is
10000                                                             termed the
10001                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
10002                                                           - Ensures that all
10003                                                             memory operations
10004                                                             have
10005                                                             completed before
10006                                                             performing the
10007                                                             following
10008                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
10009
10010     fence        release      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10011
10012                                                           - Must happen before
10013                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10014                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10015                                                             ensure previous
10016                                                             global/generic
10017                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10018                                                             visible at system scope.
10019
10020                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10021                                                            vmcnt(0)
10022
10023                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10024                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10025                                                           - If OpenCL and
10026                                                             address space is
10027                                                             not generic, omit
10028                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10029                                                           - If OpenCL and
10030                                                             address space is
10031                                                             local, omit
10032                                                             vmcnt(0).
10033                                                           - However, since LLVM
10034                                                             currently has no
10035                                                             address space on
10036                                                             the fence need to
10037                                                             conservatively
10038                                                             always generate. If
10039                                                             fence had an
10040                                                             address space then
10041                                                             set to address
10042                                                             space of OpenCL
10043                                                             fence flag, or to
10044                                                             generic if both
10045                                                             local and global
10046                                                             flags are
10047                                                             specified.
10048                                                           - Could be split into
10049                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10050                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10051                                                             s_waitcnt
10052                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10053                                                             them to be
10054                                                             independently moved
10055                                                             according to the
10056                                                             following rules.
10057                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10058                                                             must happen after
10059                                                             any preceding
10060                                                             global/generic
10061                                                             load/store/load
10062                                                             atomic/store
10063                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10064                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10065                                                             must happen after
10066                                                             any preceding
10067                                                             local/generic
10068                                                             load/store/load
10069                                                             atomic/store
10070                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10071                                                           - Must happen before
10072                                                             any following store
10073                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10074                                                             with an equal or
10075                                                             wider sync scope
10076                                                             and memory ordering
10077                                                             stronger than
10078                                                             unordered (this is
10079                                                             termed the
10080                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
10081                                                           - Ensures that all
10082                                                             memory operations
10083                                                             have
10084                                                             completed before
10085                                                             performing the
10086                                                             following
10087                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
10088
10089     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
10090     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10091     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
10092                               - wavefront    - generic
10093     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10094                               - wavefront               local address space cannot
10095                                                         be used.*
10096
10097                                                         1. ds_atomic
10098     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10099
10100                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10101                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10102                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10103                                                             execution mode.
10104                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10105                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10106                                                           - Must happen after
10107                                                             any preceding
10108                                                             local/generic
10109                                                             load/store/load
10110                                                             atomic/store
10111                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10112                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10113                                                             must happen after
10114                                                             any preceding
10115                                                             global/generic load/store/
10116                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10117                                                             atomicrmw.
10118                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10119                                                             must happen after
10120                                                             any preceding
10121                                                             local/generic
10122                                                             load/store/load
10123                                                             atomic/store
10124                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10125                                                           - Must happen before
10126                                                             the following
10127                                                             atomicrmw.
10128                                                           - Ensures that all
10129                                                             memory operations
10130                                                             have
10131                                                             completed before
10132                                                             performing the
10133                                                             atomicrmw that is
10134                                                             being released.
10135
10136                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
10137                                                         3. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10138
10139                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10140                                                             mode, omit.
10141                                                           - Must happen before
10142                                                             the following
10143                                                             buffer_inv.
10144                                                           - Ensures any
10145                                                             following global
10146                                                             data read is no
10147                                                             older than the
10148                                                             atomicrmw value
10149                                                             being acquired.
10150
10151                                                         4. buffer_inv sc0=1
10152
10153                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10154                                                             mode, omit.
10155                                                           - Ensures that
10156                                                             following
10157                                                             loads will not see
10158                                                             stale data.
10159
10160     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10161                                                         local address space cannot
10162                                                         be used.*
10163
10164                                                         1. ds_atomic
10165                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10166
10167                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
10168                                                           - Must happen before
10169                                                             any following
10170                                                             global/generic
10171                                                             load/load
10172                                                             atomic/store/store
10173                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10174                                                           - Ensures any
10175                                                             following global
10176                                                             data read is no
10177                                                             older than the local load
10178                                                             atomic value being
10179                                                             acquired.
10180
10181     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10182
10183                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10184                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10185                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10186                                                             execution mode.
10187                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10188                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10189                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10190                                                             must happen after
10191                                                             any preceding
10192                                                             global/generic load/store/
10193                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10194                                                             atomicrmw.
10195                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10196                                                             must happen after
10197                                                             any preceding
10198                                                             local/generic
10199                                                             load/store/load
10200                                                             atomic/store
10201                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10202                                                           - Must happen before
10203                                                             the following
10204                                                             atomicrmw.
10205                                                           - Ensures that all
10206                                                             memory operations
10207                                                             have
10208                                                             completed before
10209                                                             performing the
10210                                                             atomicrmw that is
10211                                                             being released.
10212
10213                                                         2. flat_atomic
10214                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10215                                                            vmcnt(0)
10216
10217                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10218                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
10219                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10220                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10221                                                           - Must happen before
10222                                                             the following
10223                                                             buffer_inv and
10224                                                             any following
10225                                                             global/generic
10226                                                             load/load
10227                                                             atomic/store/store
10228                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10229                                                           - Ensures any
10230                                                             following global
10231                                                             data read is no
10232                                                             older than a local load
10233                                                             atomic value being
10234                                                             acquired.
10235
10236                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10237
10238                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10239                                                             mode, omit.
10240                                                           - Ensures that
10241                                                             following
10242                                                             loads will not see
10243                                                             stale data.
10244
10245     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10246
10247                                                           - Must happen before
10248                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10249                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10250                                                             ensure previous
10251                                                             global/generic
10252                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10253                                                             visible at agent scope.
10254
10255                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10256                                                            vmcnt(0)
10257
10258                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10259                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10260                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10261                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10262                                                           - Could be split into
10263                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10264                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10265                                                             s_waitcnt
10266                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10267                                                             them to be
10268                                                             independently moved
10269                                                             according to the
10270                                                             following rules.
10271                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10272                                                             must happen after
10273                                                             any preceding
10274                                                             global/generic
10275                                                             load/store/load
10276                                                             atomic/store
10277                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10278                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10279                                                             must happen after
10280                                                             any preceding
10281                                                             local/generic
10282                                                             load/store/load
10283                                                             atomic/store
10284                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10285                                                           - Must happen before
10286                                                             the following
10287                                                             atomicrmw.
10288                                                           - Ensures that all
10289                                                             memory operations
10290                                                             to global have
10291                                                             completed before
10292                                                             performing the
10293                                                             atomicrmw that is
10294                                                             being released.
10295
10296                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10297                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10298
10299                                                           - Must happen before
10300                                                             following
10301                                                             buffer_inv.
10302                                                           - Ensures the
10303                                                             atomicrmw has
10304                                                             completed before
10305                                                             invalidating the
10306                                                             cache.
10307
10308                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10309
10310                                                           - Must happen before
10311                                                             any following
10312                                                             global/generic
10313                                                             load/load
10314                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10315                                                           - Ensures that
10316                                                             following loads
10317                                                             will not see stale
10318                                                             global data.
10319
10320     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - global   1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10321
10322                                                           - Must happen before
10323                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10324                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10325                                                             ensure previous
10326                                                             global/generic
10327                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10328                                                             visible at system scope.
10329
10330                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10331                                                            vmcnt(0)
10332
10333                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10334                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10335                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10336                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10337                                                           - Could be split into
10338                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10339                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10340                                                             s_waitcnt
10341                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10342                                                             them to be
10343                                                             independently moved
10344                                                             according to the
10345                                                             following rules.
10346                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10347                                                             must happen after
10348                                                             any preceding
10349                                                             global/generic
10350                                                             load/store/load
10351                                                             atomic/store
10352                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10353                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10354                                                             must happen after
10355                                                             any preceding
10356                                                             local/generic
10357                                                             load/store/load
10358                                                             atomic/store
10359                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10360                                                           - Must happen before
10361                                                             the following
10362                                                             atomicrmw.
10363                                                           - Ensures that all
10364                                                             memory operations
10365                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10366                                                             have completed before
10367                                                             performing the
10368                                                             atomicrmw that is
10369                                                             being released.
10370
10371                                                         3. buffer/global_atomic
10372                                                            sc1=1
10373                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10374
10375                                                           - Must happen before
10376                                                             following
10377                                                             buffer_inv.
10378                                                           - Ensures the
10379                                                             atomicrmw has
10380                                                             completed before
10381                                                             invalidating the
10382                                                             caches.
10383
10384                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10385
10386                                                           - Must happen before
10387                                                             any following
10388                                                             global/generic
10389                                                             load/load
10390                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10391                                                           - Ensures that
10392                                                             following loads
10393                                                             will not see stale
10394                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10395                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10396                                                             never be stale due to the
10397                                                             memory probes.
10398
10399     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10400
10401                                                           - Must happen before
10402                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10403                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10404                                                             ensure previous
10405                                                             global/generic
10406                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10407                                                             visible at agent scope.
10408
10409                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10410                                                            vmcnt(0)
10411
10412                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10413                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10414                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10415                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10416                                                           - Could be split into
10417                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10418                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10419                                                             s_waitcnt
10420                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10421                                                             them to be
10422                                                             independently moved
10423                                                             according to the
10424                                                             following rules.
10425                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10426                                                             must happen after
10427                                                             any preceding
10428                                                             global/generic
10429                                                             load/store/load
10430                                                             atomic/store
10431                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10432                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10433                                                             must happen after
10434                                                             any preceding
10435                                                             local/generic
10436                                                             load/store/load
10437                                                             atomic/store
10438                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10439                                                           - Must happen before
10440                                                             the following
10441                                                             atomicrmw.
10442                                                           - Ensures that all
10443                                                             memory operations
10444                                                             to global have
10445                                                             completed before
10446                                                             performing the
10447                                                             atomicrmw that is
10448                                                             being released.
10449
10450                                                         3. flat_atomic
10451                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10452                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10453
10454                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10455                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10456                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10457                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10458                                                           - Must happen before
10459                                                             following
10460                                                             buffer_inv.
10461                                                           - Ensures the
10462                                                             atomicrmw has
10463                                                             completed before
10464                                                             invalidating the
10465                                                             cache.
10466
10467                                                         5. buffer_inv sc1=1
10468
10469                                                           - Must happen before
10470                                                             any following
10471                                                             global/generic
10472                                                             load/load
10473                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10474                                                           - Ensures that
10475                                                             following loads
10476                                                             will not see stale
10477                                                             global data.
10478
10479     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - system       - generic  1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10480
10481                                                           - Must happen before
10482                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10483                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10484                                                             ensure previous
10485                                                             global/generic
10486                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10487                                                             visible at system scope.
10488
10489                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10490                                                            vmcnt(0)
10491
10492                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10493                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10494                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10495                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10496                                                           - Could be split into
10497                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10498                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10499                                                             s_waitcnt
10500                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10501                                                             them to be
10502                                                             independently moved
10503                                                             according to the
10504                                                             following rules.
10505                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10506                                                             must happen after
10507                                                             any preceding
10508                                                             global/generic
10509                                                             load/store/load
10510                                                             atomic/store
10511                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10512                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10513                                                             must happen after
10514                                                             any preceding
10515                                                             local/generic
10516                                                             load/store/load
10517                                                             atomic/store
10518                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10519                                                           - Must happen before
10520                                                             the following
10521                                                             atomicrmw.
10522                                                           - Ensures that all
10523                                                             memory operations
10524                                                             to global and L2 writeback
10525                                                             have completed before
10526                                                             performing the
10527                                                             atomicrmw that is
10528                                                             being released.
10529
10530                                                         3. flat_atomic sc1=1
10531                                                         4. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
10532                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
10533
10534                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10535                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10536                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
10537                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10538                                                           - Must happen before
10539                                                             following
10540                                                             buffer_inv.
10541                                                           - Ensures the
10542                                                             atomicrmw has
10543                                                             completed before
10544                                                             invalidating the
10545                                                             caches.
10546
10547                                                         5. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10548
10549                                                           - Must happen before
10550                                                             any following
10551                                                             global/generic
10552                                                             load/load
10553                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10554                                                           - Ensures that
10555                                                             following loads
10556                                                             will not see stale
10557                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10558                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10559                                                             never be stale due to the
10560                                                             memory probes.
10561
10562     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
10563                               - wavefront
10564     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10565
10566                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10567                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10568                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10569                                                             execution mode.
10570                                                           - If OpenCL and
10571                                                             address space is
10572                                                             not generic, omit
10573                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10574                                                           - If OpenCL and
10575                                                             address space is
10576                                                             local, omit
10577                                                             vmcnt(0).
10578                                                           - However,
10579                                                             since LLVM
10580                                                             currently has no
10581                                                             address space on
10582                                                             the fence need to
10583                                                             conservatively
10584                                                             always generate
10585                                                             (see comment for
10586                                                             previous fence).
10587                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10588                                                             must happen after
10589                                                             any preceding
10590                                                             global/generic
10591                                                             load/store/
10592                                                             load atomic/store atomic/
10593                                                             atomicrmw.
10594                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10595                                                             must happen after
10596                                                             any preceding
10597                                                             local/generic
10598                                                             load/load
10599                                                             atomic/store/store
10600                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10601                                                           - Must happen before
10602                                                             any following
10603                                                             global/generic
10604                                                             load/load
10605                                                             atomic/store/store
10606                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10607                                                           - Ensures that all
10608                                                             memory operations
10609                                                             have
10610                                                             completed before
10611                                                             performing any
10612                                                             following global
10613                                                             memory operations.
10614                                                           - Ensures that the
10615                                                             preceding
10616                                                             local/generic load
10617                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10618                                                             with an equal or
10619                                                             wider sync scope
10620                                                             and memory ordering
10621                                                             stronger than
10622                                                             unordered (this is
10623                                                             termed the
10624                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10625                                                             has completed
10626                                                             before following
10627                                                             global memory
10628                                                             operations. This
10629                                                             satisfies the
10630                                                             requirements of
10631                                                             acquire.
10632                                                           - Ensures that all
10633                                                             previous memory
10634                                                             operations have
10635                                                             completed before a
10636                                                             following
10637                                                             local/generic store
10638                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10639                                                             with an equal or
10640                                                             wider sync scope
10641                                                             and memory ordering
10642                                                             stronger than
10643                                                             unordered (this is
10644                                                             termed the
10645                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10646                                                             This satisfies the
10647                                                             requirements of
10648                                                             release.
10649                                                           - Must happen before
10650                                                             the following
10651                                                             buffer_inv.
10652                                                           - Ensures that the
10653                                                             acquire-fence-paired
10654                                                             atomic has completed
10655                                                             before invalidating
10656                                                             the
10657                                                             cache. Therefore
10658                                                             any following
10659                                                             locations read must
10660                                                             be no older than
10661                                                             the value read by
10662                                                             the
10663                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
10664
10665                                                         3. buffer_inv sc0=1
10666
10667                                                           - If not TgSplit execution
10668                                                             mode, omit.
10669                                                           - Ensures that
10670                                                             following
10671                                                             loads will not see
10672                                                             stale data.
10673
10674     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc1=1
10675
10676                                                           - If OpenCL and
10677                                                             address space is
10678                                                             local, omit.
10679                                                           - Must happen before
10680                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10681                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10682                                                             ensure previous
10683                                                             global/generic
10684                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10685                                                             visible at agent scope.
10686
10687                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10688                                                            vmcnt(0)
10689
10690                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10691                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10692                                                           - If OpenCL and
10693                                                             address space is
10694                                                             not generic, omit
10695                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10696                                                           - However, since LLVM
10697                                                             currently has no
10698                                                             address space on
10699                                                             the fence need to
10700                                                             conservatively
10701                                                             always generate
10702                                                             (see comment for
10703                                                             previous fence).
10704                                                           - Could be split into
10705                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10706                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10707                                                             s_waitcnt
10708                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10709                                                             them to be
10710                                                             independently moved
10711                                                             according to the
10712                                                             following rules.
10713                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10714                                                             must happen after
10715                                                             any preceding
10716                                                             global/generic
10717                                                             load/store/load
10718                                                             atomic/store
10719                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10720                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10721                                                             must happen after
10722                                                             any preceding
10723                                                             local/generic
10724                                                             load/store/load
10725                                                             atomic/store
10726                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10727                                                           - Must happen before
10728                                                             the following
10729                                                             buffer_inv.
10730                                                           - Ensures that the
10731                                                             preceding
10732                                                             global/local/generic
10733                                                             load
10734                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10735                                                             with an equal or
10736                                                             wider sync scope
10737                                                             and memory ordering
10738                                                             stronger than
10739                                                             unordered (this is
10740                                                             termed the
10741                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10742                                                             has completed
10743                                                             before invalidating
10744                                                             the cache. This
10745                                                             satisfies the
10746                                                             requirements of
10747                                                             acquire.
10748                                                           - Ensures that all
10749                                                             previous memory
10750                                                             operations have
10751                                                             completed before a
10752                                                             following
10753                                                             global/local/generic
10754                                                             store
10755                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10756                                                             with an equal or
10757                                                             wider sync scope
10758                                                             and memory ordering
10759                                                             stronger than
10760                                                             unordered (this is
10761                                                             termed the
10762                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10763                                                             This satisfies the
10764                                                             requirements of
10765                                                             release.
10766
10767                                                         3. buffer_inv sc1=1
10768
10769                                                           - Must happen before
10770                                                             any following
10771                                                             global/generic
10772                                                             load/load
10773                                                             atomic/store/store
10774                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10775                                                           - Ensures that
10776                                                             following loads
10777                                                             will not see stale
10778                                                             global data. This
10779                                                             satisfies the
10780                                                             requirements of
10781                                                             acquire.
10782
10783     fence        acq_rel      - system       *none*     1. buffer_wbl2 sc0=1 sc1=1
10784
10785                                                           - If OpenCL and
10786                                                             address space is
10787                                                             local, omit.
10788                                                           - Must happen before
10789                                                             following s_waitcnt.
10790                                                           - Performs L2 writeback to
10791                                                             ensure previous
10792                                                             global/generic
10793                                                             store/atomicrmw are
10794                                                             visible at system scope.
10795
10796                                                         1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10797                                                            vmcnt(0)
10798
10799                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10800                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10801                                                           - If OpenCL and
10802                                                             address space is
10803                                                             not generic, omit
10804                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
10805                                                           - However, since LLVM
10806                                                             currently has no
10807                                                             address space on
10808                                                             the fence need to
10809                                                             conservatively
10810                                                             always generate
10811                                                             (see comment for
10812                                                             previous fence).
10813                                                           - Could be split into
10814                                                             separate s_waitcnt
10815                                                             vmcnt(0) and
10816                                                             s_waitcnt
10817                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
10818                                                             them to be
10819                                                             independently moved
10820                                                             according to the
10821                                                             following rules.
10822                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10823                                                             must happen after
10824                                                             any preceding
10825                                                             global/generic
10826                                                             load/store/load
10827                                                             atomic/store
10828                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10829                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
10830                                                             must happen after
10831                                                             any preceding
10832                                                             local/generic
10833                                                             load/store/load
10834                                                             atomic/store
10835                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10836                                                           - Must happen before
10837                                                             the following
10838                                                             buffer_inv.
10839                                                           - Ensures that the
10840                                                             preceding
10841                                                             global/local/generic
10842                                                             load
10843                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10844                                                             with an equal or
10845                                                             wider sync scope
10846                                                             and memory ordering
10847                                                             stronger than
10848                                                             unordered (this is
10849                                                             termed the
10850                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
10851                                                             has completed
10852                                                             before invalidating
10853                                                             the cache. This
10854                                                             satisfies the
10855                                                             requirements of
10856                                                             acquire.
10857                                                           - Ensures that all
10858                                                             previous memory
10859                                                             operations have
10860                                                             completed before a
10861                                                             following
10862                                                             global/local/generic
10863                                                             store
10864                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10865                                                             with an equal or
10866                                                             wider sync scope
10867                                                             and memory ordering
10868                                                             stronger than
10869                                                             unordered (this is
10870                                                             termed the
10871                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
10872                                                             This satisfies the
10873                                                             requirements of
10874                                                             release.
10875
10876                                                         2. buffer_inv sc0=1 sc1=1
10877
10878                                                           - Must happen before
10879                                                             any following
10880                                                             global/generic
10881                                                             load/load
10882                                                             atomic/store/store
10883                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
10884                                                           - Ensures that
10885                                                             following loads
10886                                                             will not see stale
10887                                                             MTYPE NC global data.
10888                                                             MTYPE RW and CC memory will
10889                                                             never be stale due to the
10890                                                             memory probes.
10891
10892     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
10893     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10894     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
10895                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
10896                                              - generic  except must generate
10897                                                         all instructions even
10898                                                         for OpenCL.*
10899     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkm/vmcnt(0)
10900                                              - generic
10901                                                           - Use lgkmcnt(0) if not
10902                                                             TgSplit execution mode
10903                                                             and vmcnt(0) if TgSplit
10904                                                             execution mode.
10905                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
10906                                                             happen after
10907                                                             preceding
10908                                                             local/generic load
10909                                                             atomic/store
10910                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10911                                                             with memory
10912                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10913                                                             and with equal or
10914                                                             wider sync scope.
10915                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10916                                                             fences have their
10917                                                             own s_waitcnt
10918                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
10919                                                             not need to be
10920                                                             considered.)
10921                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
10922                                                             must happen after
10923                                                             preceding
10924                                                             global/generic load
10925                                                             atomic/store
10926                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
10927                                                             with memory
10928                                                             ordering of seq_cst
10929                                                             and with equal or
10930                                                             wider sync scope.
10931                                                             (Note that seq_cst
10932                                                             fences have their
10933                                                             own s_waitcnt
10934                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
10935                                                             not need to be
10936                                                             considered.)
10937                                                           - Ensures any
10938                                                             preceding
10939                                                             sequential
10940                                                             consistent global/local
10941                                                             memory instructions
10942                                                             have completed
10943                                                             before executing
10944                                                             this sequentially
10945                                                             consistent
10946                                                             instruction. This
10947                                                             prevents reordering
10948                                                             a seq_cst store
10949                                                             followed by a
10950                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
10951                                                             that seq_cst is
10952                                                             stronger than
10953                                                             acquire/release as
10954                                                             the reordering of
10955                                                             load acquire
10956                                                             followed by a store
10957                                                             release is
10958                                                             prevented by the
10959                                                             s_waitcnt of
10960                                                             the release, but
10961                                                             there is nothing
10962                                                             preventing a store
10963                                                             release followed by
10964                                                             load acquire from
10965                                                             completing out of
10966                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
10967                                                             could be placed after
10968                                                             seq_store or before
10969                                                             the seq_load. We
10970                                                             choose the load to
10971                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
10972                                                             as late as possible
10973                                                             so that the store
10974                                                             may have already
10975                                                             completed.)
10976
10977                                                         2. *Following
10978                                                            instructions same as
10979                                                            corresponding load
10980                                                            atomic acquire,
10981                                                            except must generate
10982                                                            all instructions even
10983                                                            for OpenCL.*
10984     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local    *If TgSplit execution mode,
10985                                                         local address space cannot
10986                                                         be used.*
10987
10988                                                         *Same as corresponding
10989                                                         load atomic acquire,
10990                                                         except must generate
10991                                                         all instructions even
10992                                                         for OpenCL.*
10993
10994     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
10995                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0)
10996
10997                                                           - If TgSplit execution mode,
10998                                                             omit lgkmcnt(0).
10999                                                           - Could be split into
11000                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11001                                                             vmcnt(0)
11002                                                             and s_waitcnt
11003                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11004                                                             them to be
11005                                                             independently moved
11006                                                             according to the
11007                                                             following rules.
11008                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11009                                                             must happen after
11010                                                             preceding
11011                                                             global/generic load
11012                                                             atomic/store
11013                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11014                                                             with memory
11015                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11016                                                             and with equal or
11017                                                             wider sync scope.
11018                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11019                                                             fences have their
11020                                                             own s_waitcnt
11021                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
11022                                                             not need to be
11023                                                             considered.)
11024                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11025                                                             must happen after
11026                                                             preceding
11027                                                             global/generic load
11028                                                             atomic/store
11029                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11030                                                             with memory
11031                                                             ordering of seq_cst
11032                                                             and with equal or
11033                                                             wider sync scope.
11034                                                             (Note that seq_cst
11035                                                             fences have their
11036                                                             own s_waitcnt
11037                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
11038                                                             not need to be
11039                                                             considered.)
11040                                                           - Ensures any
11041                                                             preceding
11042                                                             sequential
11043                                                             consistent global
11044                                                             memory instructions
11045                                                             have completed
11046                                                             before executing
11047                                                             this sequentially
11048                                                             consistent
11049                                                             instruction. This
11050                                                             prevents reordering
11051                                                             a seq_cst store
11052                                                             followed by a
11053                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
11054                                                             that seq_cst is
11055                                                             stronger than
11056                                                             acquire/release as
11057                                                             the reordering of
11058                                                             load acquire
11059                                                             followed by a store
11060                                                             release is
11061                                                             prevented by the
11062                                                             s_waitcnt of
11063                                                             the release, but
11064                                                             there is nothing
11065                                                             preventing a store
11066                                                             release followed by
11067                                                             load acquire from
11068                                                             completing out of
11069                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
11070                                                             could be placed after
11071                                                             seq_store or before
11072                                                             the seq_load. We
11073                                                             choose the load to
11074                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
11075                                                             as late as possible
11076                                                             so that the store
11077                                                             may have already
11078                                                             completed.)
11079
11080                                                         2. *Following
11081                                                            instructions same as
11082                                                            corresponding load
11083                                                            atomic acquire,
11084                                                            except must generate
11085                                                            all instructions even
11086                                                            for OpenCL.*
11087     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11088                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
11089                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11090                               - agent                   all instructions even
11091                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11092     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
11093                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
11094                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
11095                               - agent                   all instructions even
11096                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11097     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
11098                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
11099                               - workgroup               except must generate
11100                               - agent                   all instructions even
11101                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
11102     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11103
11104.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-gfx10:
11105
11106Memory Model GFX10
11107++++++++++++++++++
11108
11109For GFX10:
11110
11111* Each agent has multiple shader arrays (SA).
11112* Each SA has multiple work-group processors (WGP).
11113* Each WGP has multiple compute units (CU).
11114* Each CU has multiple SIMDs that execute wavefronts.
11115* The wavefronts for a single work-group are executed in the same
11116  WGP. In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts may be executed by
11117  different SIMDs in the same CU. In WGP wavefront execution mode the
11118  wavefronts may be executed by different SIMDs in different CUs in the same
11119  WGP.
11120* Each WGP has a single LDS memory shared by the wavefronts of the work-groups
11121  executing on it.
11122* All LDS operations of a WGP are performed as wavefront wide operations in a
11123  global order and involve no caching. Completion is reported to a wavefront in
11124  execution order.
11125* The LDS memory has multiple request queues shared by the SIMDs of a
11126  WGP. Therefore, the LDS operations performed by different wavefronts of a
11127  work-group can be reordered relative to each other, which can result in
11128  reordering the visibility of vector memory operations with respect to LDS
11129  operations of other wavefronts in the same work-group. A ``s_waitcnt
11130  lgkmcnt(0)`` is required to ensure synchronization between LDS operations and
11131  vector memory operations between wavefronts of a work-group, but not between
11132  operations performed by the same wavefront.
11133* The vector memory operations are performed as wavefront wide operations.
11134  Completion of load/store/sample operations are reported to a wavefront in
11135  execution order of other load/store/sample operations performed by that
11136  wavefront.
11137* The vector memory operations access a vector L0 cache. There is a single L0
11138  cache per CU. Each SIMD of a CU accesses the same L0 cache. Therefore, no
11139  special action is required for coherence between the lanes of a single
11140  wavefront. However, a ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is required for coherence between
11141  wavefronts executing in the same work-group as they may be executing on SIMDs
11142  of different CUs that access different L0s. A ``buffer_gl0_inv`` is also
11143  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11144  as they may be executing on different WGPs.
11145* The scalar memory operations access a scalar L0 cache shared by all wavefronts
11146  on a WGP. The scalar and vector L0 caches are not coherent. However, scalar
11147  operations are used in a restricted way so do not impact the memory model. See
11148  :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11149* The vector and scalar memory L0 caches use an L1 cache shared by all WGPs on
11150  the same SA. Therefore, no special action is required for coherence between
11151  the wavefronts of a single work-group. However, a ``buffer_gl1_inv`` is
11152  required for coherence between wavefronts executing in different work-groups
11153  as they may be executing on different SAs that access different L1s.
11154* The L1 caches have independent quadrants to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11155  addresses.
11156* Each L0 cache has a separate request queue per L1 quadrant. Therefore, the
11157  vector and scalar memory operations performed by different wavefronts, whether
11158  executing in the same or different work-groups (which may be executing on
11159  different CUs accessing different L0s), can be reordered relative to each
11160  other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is required to ensure
11161  synchronization between vector memory operations of different wavefronts. It
11162  ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed before executing a
11163  subsequent vector memory or LDS operation and so can be used to meet the
11164  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11165* The L1 caches use an L2 cache shared by all SAs on the same agent.
11166* The L2 cache has independent channels to service disjoint ranges of virtual
11167  addresses.
11168* Each L1 quadrant of a single SA accesses a different L2 channel. Each L1
11169  quadrant has a separate request queue per L2 channel. Therefore, the vector
11170  and scalar memory operations performed by wavefronts executing in different
11171  work-groups (which may be executing on different SAs) of an agent can be
11172  reordered relative to each other. A ``s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)`` is
11173  required to ensure synchronization between vector memory operations of
11174  different SAs. It ensures a previous vector memory operation has completed
11175  before executing a subsequent vector memory and so can be used to meet the
11176  requirements of acquire, release and sequential consistency.
11177* The L2 cache can be kept coherent with other agents on some targets, or ranges
11178  of virtual addresses can be set up to bypass it to ensure system coherence.
11179* On GFX10.3 a memory attached last level (MALL) cache exists for GPU memory.
11180  The MALL cache is fully coherent with GPU memory and has no impact on system
11181  coherence. All agents (GPU and CPU) access GPU memory through the MALL cache.
11182
11183Scalar memory operations are only used to access memory that is proven to not
11184change during the execution of the kernel dispatch. This includes constant
11185address space and global address space for program scope ``const`` variables.
11186Therefore, the kernel machine code does not have to maintain the scalar cache to
11187ensure it is coherent with the vector caches. The scalar and vector caches are
11188invalidated between kernel dispatches by CP since constant address space data
11189may change between kernel dispatch executions. See
11190:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-spaces`.
11191
11192The one exception is if scalar writes are used to spill SGPR registers. In this
11193case the AMDGPU backend ensures the memory location used to spill is never
11194accessed by vector memory operations at the same time. If scalar writes are used
11195then a ``s_dcache_wb`` is inserted before the ``s_endpgm`` and before a function
11196return since the locations may be used for vector memory instructions by a
11197future wavefront that uses the same scratch area, or a function call that
11198creates a frame at the same address, respectively. There is no need for a
11199``s_dcache_inv`` as all scalar writes are write-before-read in the same thread.
11200
11201For kernarg backing memory:
11202
11203* CP invalidates the L0 and L1 caches at the start of each kernel dispatch.
11204* On dGPU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE UC (uncached) to avoid
11205  needing to invalidate the L2 cache.
11206* On APU the kernarg backing memory is accessed as MTYPE CC (cache coherent) and
11207  so the L2 cache will be coherent with the CPU and other agents.
11208
11209Scratch backing memory (which is used for the private address space) is accessed
11210with MTYPE NC (non-coherent). Since the private address space is only accessed
11211by a single thread, and is always write-before-read, there is never a need to
11212invalidate these entries from the L0 or L1 caches.
11213
11214Wavefronts are executed in native mode with in-order reporting of loads and
11215sample instructions. In this mode vmcnt reports completion of load, atomic with
11216return and sample instructions in order, and the vscnt reports the completion of
11217store and atomic without return in order. See ``MEM_ORDERED`` field in
11218:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
11219
11220Wavefronts can be executed in WGP or CU wavefront execution mode:
11221
11222* In WGP wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed
11223  on the SIMDs of both CUs of the WGP. Therefore, explicit management of the per
11224  CU L0 caches is required for work-group synchronization. Also accesses to L1
11225  at work-group scope need to be explicitly ordered as the accesses from
11226  different CUs are not ordered.
11227* In CU wavefront execution mode the wavefronts of a work-group are executed on
11228  the SIMDs of a single CU of the WGP. Therefore, all global memory access by
11229  the work-group access the same L0 which in turn ensures L1 accesses are
11230  ordered and so do not require explicit management of the caches for
11231  work-group synchronization.
11232
11233See ``WGP_MODE`` field in
11234:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table` and
11235:ref:`amdgpu-target-features`.
11236
11237The code sequences used to implement the memory model for GFX10 are defined in
11238table :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table`.
11239
11240  .. table:: AMDHSA Memory Model Code Sequences GFX10
11241     :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model-code-sequences-gfx10-table
11242
11243     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11244     LLVM Instr   LLVM Memory  LLVM Memory    AMDGPU     AMDGPU Machine Code
11245                  Ordering     Sync Scope     Address    GFX10
11246                                              Space
11247     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
11248     **Non-Atomic**
11249     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11250     load         *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11251                                              - generic
11252                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_load
11253                                              - constant
11254                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11255
11256                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11257                                                              slc=1
11258
11259                                                         - volatile
11260
11261                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_load
11262                                                              glc=1 dlc=1
11263                                                           2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11264
11265                                                            - Must happen before
11266                                                              any following volatile
11267                                                              global/generic
11268                                                              load/store.
11269                                                            - Ensures that
11270                                                              volatile
11271                                                              operations to
11272                                                              different
11273                                                              addresses will not
11274                                                              be reordered by
11275                                                              hardware.
11276
11277     load         *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_load
11278     store        *none*       *none*         - global   - !volatile & !nontemporal
11279                                              - generic
11280                                              - private    1. buffer/global/flat_store
11281                                              - constant
11282                                                         - !volatile & nontemporal
11283
11284                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11285                                                              glc=1 slc=1
11286
11287                                                         - volatile
11288
11289                                                           1. buffer/global/flat_store
11290                                                           2. s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11291
11292                                                            - Must happen before
11293                                                              any following volatile
11294                                                              global/generic
11295                                                              load/store.
11296                                                            - Ensures that
11297                                                              volatile
11298                                                              operations to
11299                                                              different
11300                                                              addresses will not
11301                                                              be reordered by
11302                                                              hardware.
11303
11304     store        *none*       *none*         - local    1. ds_store
11305     **Unordered Atomic**
11306     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11307     load atomic  unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11308     store atomic unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as non-atomic*.
11309     atomicrmw    unordered    *any*          *any*      *Same as monotonic atomic*.
11310     **Monotonic Atomic**
11311     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11312     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11313                               - wavefront    - generic
11314     load atomic  monotonic    - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11315                                              - generic     glc=1
11316
11317                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11318                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11319
11320     load atomic  monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_load
11321                               - wavefront
11322                               - workgroup
11323     load atomic  monotonic    - agent        - global   1. buffer/global/flat_load
11324                               - system       - generic     glc=1 dlc=1
11325     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_store
11326                               - wavefront    - generic
11327                               - workgroup
11328                               - agent
11329                               - system
11330     store atomic monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_store
11331                               - wavefront
11332                               - workgroup
11333     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/flat_atomic
11334                               - wavefront    - generic
11335                               - workgroup
11336                               - agent
11337                               - system
11338     atomicrmw    monotonic    - singlethread - local    1. ds_atomic
11339                               - wavefront
11340                               - workgroup
11341     **Acquire Atomic**
11342     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11343     load atomic  acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_load
11344                               - wavefront    - local
11345                                              - generic
11346     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_load glc=1
11347
11348                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11349                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11350
11351                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11352
11353                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11354                                                             mode, omit.
11355                                                           - Must happen before
11356                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11357                                                             and before any following
11358                                                             global/generic
11359                                                             load/load
11360                                                             atomic/store/store
11361                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11362
11363                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11364
11365                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11366                                                             mode, omit.
11367                                                           - Ensures that
11368                                                             following
11369                                                             loads will not see
11370                                                             stale data.
11371
11372     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_load
11373                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11374
11375                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11376                                                           - Must happen before
11377                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11378                                                             and before any following
11379                                                             global/generic load/load
11380                                                             atomic/store/store
11381                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11382                                                           - Ensures any
11383                                                             following global
11384                                                             data read is no
11385                                                             older than the local load
11386                                                             atomic value being
11387                                                             acquired.
11388
11389                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11390
11391                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11392                                                             mode, omit.
11393                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11394                                                           - Ensures that
11395                                                             following
11396                                                             loads will not see
11397                                                             stale data.
11398
11399     load atomic  acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_load glc=1
11400
11401                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11402                                                             mode, omit glc=1.
11403
11404                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11405                                                            vmcnt(0)
11406
11407                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11408                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0).
11409                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11410                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11411                                                           - Must happen before
11412                                                             the following
11413                                                             buffer_gl0_inv and any
11414                                                             following global/generic
11415                                                             load/load
11416                                                             atomic/store/store
11417                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11418                                                           - Ensures any
11419                                                             following global
11420                                                             data read is no
11421                                                             older than a local load
11422                                                             atomic value being
11423                                                             acquired.
11424
11425                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11426
11427                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11428                                                             mode, omit.
11429                                                           - Ensures that
11430                                                             following
11431                                                             loads will not see
11432                                                             stale data.
11433
11434     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_load
11435                               - system                     glc=1 dlc=1
11436                                                         2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11437
11438                                                           - Must happen before
11439                                                             following
11440                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11441                                                           - Ensures the load
11442                                                             has completed
11443                                                             before invalidating
11444                                                             the caches.
11445
11446                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11447                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11448
11449                                                           - Must happen before
11450                                                             any following
11451                                                             global/generic
11452                                                             load/load
11453                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11454                                                           - Ensures that
11455                                                             following
11456                                                             loads will not see
11457                                                             stale global data.
11458
11459     load atomic  acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_load glc=1 dlc=1
11460                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) &
11461                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11462
11463                                                           - If OpenCL omit
11464                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11465                                                           - Must happen before
11466                                                             following
11467                                                             buffer_gl*_invl.
11468                                                           - Ensures the flat_load
11469                                                             has completed
11470                                                             before invalidating
11471                                                             the caches.
11472
11473                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11474                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11475
11476                                                           - Must happen before
11477                                                             any following
11478                                                             global/generic
11479                                                             load/load
11480                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11481                                                           - Ensures that
11482                                                             following loads
11483                                                             will not see stale
11484                                                             global data.
11485
11486     atomicrmw    acquire      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11487                               - wavefront    - local
11488                                              - generic
11489     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11490                                                         2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11491
11492                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11493                                                             mode, omit.
11494                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11495                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11496                                                             atomic with no-return.
11497                                                           - Must happen before
11498                                                             the following buffer_gl0_inv
11499                                                             and before any following
11500                                                             global/generic
11501                                                             load/load
11502                                                             atomic/store/store
11503                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11504
11505                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11506
11507                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11508                                                             mode, omit.
11509                                                           - Ensures that
11510                                                             following
11511                                                             loads will not see
11512                                                             stale data.
11513
11514     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - local    1. ds_atomic
11515                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11516
11517                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11518                                                           - Must happen before
11519                                                             the following
11520                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11521                                                           - Ensures any
11522                                                             following global
11523                                                             data read is no
11524                                                             older than the local
11525                                                             atomicrmw value
11526                                                             being acquired.
11527
11528                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11529
11530                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
11531                                                           - Ensures that
11532                                                             following
11533                                                             loads will not see
11534                                                             stale data.
11535
11536     atomicrmw    acquire      - workgroup    - generic  1. flat_atomic
11537                                                         2. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11538                                                            vm/vscnt(0)
11539
11540                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11541                                                             mode, omit vm/vscnt(0).
11542                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11543                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11544                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11545                                                             atomic with no-return.
11546                                                           - Must happen before
11547                                                             the following
11548                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11549                                                           - Ensures any
11550                                                             following global
11551                                                             data read is no
11552                                                             older than a local
11553                                                             atomicrmw value
11554                                                             being acquired.
11555
11556                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11557
11558                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11559                                                             mode, omit.
11560                                                           - Ensures that
11561                                                             following
11562                                                             loads will not see
11563                                                             stale data.
11564
11565     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - global   1. buffer/global_atomic
11566                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
11567
11568                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11569                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11570                                                             atomic with no-return.
11571                                                           - Must happen before
11572                                                             following
11573                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11574                                                           - Ensures the
11575                                                             atomicrmw has
11576                                                             completed before
11577                                                             invalidating the
11578                                                             caches.
11579
11580                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11581                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11582
11583                                                           - Must happen before
11584                                                             any following
11585                                                             global/generic
11586                                                             load/load
11587                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11588                                                           - Ensures that
11589                                                             following loads
11590                                                             will not see stale
11591                                                             global data.
11592
11593     atomicrmw    acquire      - agent        - generic  1. flat_atomic
11594                               - system                  2. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
11595                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
11596
11597                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11598                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11599                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
11600                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
11601                                                             atomic with no-return.
11602                                                           - Must happen before
11603                                                             following
11604                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11605                                                           - Ensures the
11606                                                             atomicrmw has
11607                                                             completed before
11608                                                             invalidating the
11609                                                             caches.
11610
11611                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv;
11612                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11613
11614                                                           - Must happen before
11615                                                             any following
11616                                                             global/generic
11617                                                             load/load
11618                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11619                                                           - Ensures that
11620                                                             following loads
11621                                                             will not see stale
11622                                                             global data.
11623
11624     fence        acquire      - singlethread *none*     *none*
11625                               - wavefront
11626     fence        acquire      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11627                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11628
11629                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11630                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11631                                                             vscnt(0).
11632                                                           - If OpenCL and
11633                                                             address space is
11634                                                             not generic, omit
11635                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11636                                                           - If OpenCL and
11637                                                             address space is
11638                                                             local, omit
11639                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11640                                                           - However, since LLVM
11641                                                             currently has no
11642                                                             address space on
11643                                                             the fence need to
11644                                                             conservatively
11645                                                             always generate. If
11646                                                             fence had an
11647                                                             address space then
11648                                                             set to address
11649                                                             space of OpenCL
11650                                                             fence flag, or to
11651                                                             generic if both
11652                                                             local and global
11653                                                             flags are
11654                                                             specified.
11655                                                           - Could be split into
11656                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11657                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11658                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11659                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11660                                                             them to be
11661                                                             independently moved
11662                                                             according to the
11663                                                             following rules.
11664                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11665                                                             must happen after
11666                                                             any preceding
11667                                                             global/generic load
11668                                                             atomic/
11669                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11670                                                             with an equal or
11671                                                             wider sync scope
11672                                                             and memory ordering
11673                                                             stronger than
11674                                                             unordered (this is
11675                                                             termed the
11676                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11677                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11678                                                             must happen after
11679                                                             any preceding
11680                                                             global/generic
11681                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11682                                                             with an equal or
11683                                                             wider sync scope
11684                                                             and memory ordering
11685                                                             stronger than
11686                                                             unordered (this is
11687                                                             termed the
11688                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11689                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11690                                                             must happen after
11691                                                             any preceding
11692                                                             local/generic load
11693                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11694                                                             with an equal or
11695                                                             wider sync scope
11696                                                             and memory ordering
11697                                                             stronger than
11698                                                             unordered (this is
11699                                                             termed the
11700                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11701                                                           - Must happen before
11702                                                             the following
11703                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
11704                                                           - Ensures that the
11705                                                             fence-paired atomic
11706                                                             has completed
11707                                                             before invalidating
11708                                                             the
11709                                                             cache. Therefore
11710                                                             any following
11711                                                             locations read must
11712                                                             be no older than
11713                                                             the value read by
11714                                                             the
11715                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11716
11717                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
11718
11719                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11720                                                             mode, omit.
11721                                                           - Ensures that
11722                                                             following
11723                                                             loads will not see
11724                                                             stale data.
11725
11726     fence        acquire      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11727                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11728
11729                                                           - If OpenCL and
11730                                                             address space is
11731                                                             not generic, omit
11732                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11733                                                           - If OpenCL and
11734                                                             address space is
11735                                                             local, omit
11736                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
11737                                                           - However, since LLVM
11738                                                             currently has no
11739                                                             address space on
11740                                                             the fence need to
11741                                                             conservatively
11742                                                             always generate
11743                                                             (see comment for
11744                                                             previous fence).
11745                                                           - Could be split into
11746                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11747                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11748                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11749                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11750                                                             them to be
11751                                                             independently moved
11752                                                             according to the
11753                                                             following rules.
11754                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11755                                                             must happen after
11756                                                             any preceding
11757                                                             global/generic load
11758                                                             atomic/
11759                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
11760                                                             with an equal or
11761                                                             wider sync scope
11762                                                             and memory ordering
11763                                                             stronger than
11764                                                             unordered (this is
11765                                                             termed the
11766                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11767                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11768                                                             must happen after
11769                                                             any preceding
11770                                                             global/generic
11771                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
11772                                                             with an equal or
11773                                                             wider sync scope
11774                                                             and memory ordering
11775                                                             stronger than
11776                                                             unordered (this is
11777                                                             termed the
11778                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11779                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11780                                                             must happen after
11781                                                             any preceding
11782                                                             local/generic load
11783                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
11784                                                             with an equal or
11785                                                             wider sync scope
11786                                                             and memory ordering
11787                                                             stronger than
11788                                                             unordered (this is
11789                                                             termed the
11790                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
11791                                                           - Must happen before
11792                                                             the following
11793                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
11794                                                           - Ensures that the
11795                                                             fence-paired atomic
11796                                                             has completed
11797                                                             before invalidating
11798                                                             the
11799                                                             caches. Therefore
11800                                                             any following
11801                                                             locations read must
11802                                                             be no older than
11803                                                             the value read by
11804                                                             the
11805                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
11806
11807                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
11808                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
11809
11810                                                           - Must happen before any
11811                                                             following global/generic
11812                                                             load/load
11813                                                             atomic/store/store
11814                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11815                                                           - Ensures that
11816                                                             following loads
11817                                                             will not see stale
11818                                                             global data.
11819
11820     **Release Atomic**
11821     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11822     store atomic release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_store
11823                               - wavefront    - local
11824                                              - generic
11825     store atomic release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11826                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11827
11828                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11829                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11830                                                             vscnt(0).
11831                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
11832                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11833                                                           - Could be split into
11834                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11835                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11836                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11837                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11838                                                             them to be
11839                                                             independently moved
11840                                                             according to the
11841                                                             following rules.
11842                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11843                                                             must happen after
11844                                                             any preceding
11845                                                             global/generic load/load
11846                                                             atomic/
11847                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11848                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11849                                                             must happen after
11850                                                             any preceding
11851                                                             global/generic
11852                                                             store/store
11853                                                             atomic/
11854                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11855                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11856                                                             must happen after
11857                                                             any preceding
11858                                                             local/generic
11859                                                             load/store/load
11860                                                             atomic/store
11861                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11862                                                           - Must happen before
11863                                                             the following
11864                                                             store.
11865                                                           - Ensures that all
11866                                                             memory operations
11867                                                             have
11868                                                             completed before
11869                                                             performing the
11870                                                             store that is being
11871                                                             released.
11872
11873                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11874     store atomic release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11875
11876                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11877                                                             mode, omit.
11878                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
11879                                                           - Could be split into
11880                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11881                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11882                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
11883                                                             them to be
11884                                                             independently moved
11885                                                             according to the
11886                                                             following rules.
11887                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11888                                                             must happen after
11889                                                             any preceding
11890                                                             global/generic load/load
11891                                                             atomic/
11892                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11893                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11894                                                             must happen after
11895                                                             any preceding
11896                                                             global/generic
11897                                                             store/store atomic/
11898                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11899                                                           - Must happen before
11900                                                             the following
11901                                                             store.
11902                                                           - Ensures that all
11903                                                             global memory
11904                                                             operations have
11905                                                             completed before
11906                                                             performing the
11907                                                             store that is being
11908                                                             released.
11909
11910                                                         2. ds_store
11911     store atomic release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11912                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11913
11914                                                           - If OpenCL and
11915                                                             address space is
11916                                                             not generic, omit
11917                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
11918                                                           - Could be split into
11919                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11920                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11921                                                             and s_waitcnt
11922                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11923                                                             them to be
11924                                                             independently moved
11925                                                             according to the
11926                                                             following rules.
11927                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11928                                                             must happen after
11929                                                             any preceding
11930                                                             global/generic
11931                                                             load/load
11932                                                             atomic/
11933                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11934                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11935                                                             must happen after
11936                                                             any preceding
11937                                                             global/generic
11938                                                             store/store atomic/
11939                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11940                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11941                                                             must happen after
11942                                                             any preceding
11943                                                             local/generic
11944                                                             load/store/load
11945                                                             atomic/store
11946                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11947                                                           - Must happen before
11948                                                             the following
11949                                                             store.
11950                                                           - Ensures that all
11951                                                             memory operations
11952                                                             have
11953                                                             completed before
11954                                                             performing the
11955                                                             store that is being
11956                                                             released.
11957
11958                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_store
11959     atomicrmw    release      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
11960                               - wavefront    - local
11961                                              - generic
11962     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
11963                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
11964
11965                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
11966                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
11967                                                             vscnt(0).
11968                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
11969                                                           - Could be split into
11970                                                             separate s_waitcnt
11971                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
11972                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
11973                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
11974                                                             them to be
11975                                                             independently moved
11976                                                             according to the
11977                                                             following rules.
11978                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
11979                                                             must happen after
11980                                                             any preceding
11981                                                             global/generic load/load
11982                                                             atomic/
11983                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
11984                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
11985                                                             must happen after
11986                                                             any preceding
11987                                                             global/generic
11988                                                             store/store
11989                                                             atomic/
11990                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
11991                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
11992                                                             must happen after
11993                                                             any preceding
11994                                                             local/generic
11995                                                             load/store/load
11996                                                             atomic/store
11997                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
11998                                                           - Must happen before
11999                                                             the following
12000                                                             atomicrmw.
12001                                                           - Ensures that all
12002                                                             memory operations
12003                                                             have
12004                                                             completed before
12005                                                             performing the
12006                                                             atomicrmw that is
12007                                                             being released.
12008
12009                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
12010     atomicrmw    release      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12011
12012                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12013                                                             mode, omit.
12014                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12015                                                           - Could be split into
12016                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12017                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12018                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12019                                                             them to be
12020                                                             independently moved
12021                                                             according to the
12022                                                             following rules.
12023                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12024                                                             must happen after
12025                                                             any preceding
12026                                                             global/generic load/load
12027                                                             atomic/
12028                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12029                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12030                                                             must happen after
12031                                                             any preceding
12032                                                             global/generic
12033                                                             store/store atomic/
12034                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12035                                                           - Must happen before
12036                                                             the following
12037                                                             store.
12038                                                           - Ensures that all
12039                                                             global memory
12040                                                             operations have
12041                                                             completed before
12042                                                             performing the
12043                                                             store that is being
12044                                                             released.
12045
12046                                                         2. ds_atomic
12047     atomicrmw    release      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12048                               - system       - generic      vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12049
12050                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12051                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12052                                                           - Could be split into
12053                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12054                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12055                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12056                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12057                                                             them to be
12058                                                             independently moved
12059                                                             according to the
12060                                                             following rules.
12061                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12062                                                             must happen after
12063                                                             any preceding
12064                                                             global/generic
12065                                                             load/load atomic/
12066                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12067                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12068                                                             must happen after
12069                                                             any preceding
12070                                                             global/generic
12071                                                             store/store atomic/
12072                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12073                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12074                                                             must happen after
12075                                                             any preceding
12076                                                             local/generic
12077                                                             load/store/load
12078                                                             atomic/store
12079                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12080                                                           - Must happen before
12081                                                             the following
12082                                                             atomicrmw.
12083                                                           - Ensures that all
12084                                                             memory operations
12085                                                             to global and local
12086                                                             have completed
12087                                                             before performing
12088                                                             the atomicrmw that
12089                                                             is being released.
12090
12091                                                         2. buffer/global/flat_atomic
12092     fence        release      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12093                               - wavefront
12094     fence        release      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12095                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12096
12097                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12098                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12099                                                             vscnt(0).
12100                                                           - If OpenCL and
12101                                                             address space is
12102                                                             not generic, omit
12103                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12104                                                           - If OpenCL and
12105                                                             address space is
12106                                                             local, omit
12107                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12108                                                           - However, since LLVM
12109                                                             currently has no
12110                                                             address space on
12111                                                             the fence need to
12112                                                             conservatively
12113                                                             always generate. If
12114                                                             fence had an
12115                                                             address space then
12116                                                             set to address
12117                                                             space of OpenCL
12118                                                             fence flag, or to
12119                                                             generic if both
12120                                                             local and global
12121                                                             flags are
12122                                                             specified.
12123                                                           - Could be split into
12124                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12125                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12126                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12127                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12128                                                             them to be
12129                                                             independently moved
12130                                                             according to the
12131                                                             following rules.
12132                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12133                                                             must happen after
12134                                                             any preceding
12135                                                             global/generic
12136                                                             load/load
12137                                                             atomic/
12138                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12139                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12140                                                             must happen after
12141                                                             any preceding
12142                                                             global/generic
12143                                                             store/store atomic/
12144                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12145                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12146                                                             must happen after
12147                                                             any preceding
12148                                                             local/generic
12149                                                             load/store/load
12150                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12151                                                             atomicrmw.
12152                                                           - Must happen before
12153                                                             any following store
12154                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12155                                                             with an equal or
12156                                                             wider sync scope
12157                                                             and memory ordering
12158                                                             stronger than
12159                                                             unordered (this is
12160                                                             termed the
12161                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12162                                                           - Ensures that all
12163                                                             memory operations
12164                                                             have
12165                                                             completed before
12166                                                             performing the
12167                                                             following
12168                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12169
12170     fence        release      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12171                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12172
12173                                                           - If OpenCL and
12174                                                             address space is
12175                                                             not generic, omit
12176                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12177                                                           - If OpenCL and
12178                                                             address space is
12179                                                             local, omit
12180                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12181                                                           - However, since LLVM
12182                                                             currently has no
12183                                                             address space on
12184                                                             the fence need to
12185                                                             conservatively
12186                                                             always generate. If
12187                                                             fence had an
12188                                                             address space then
12189                                                             set to address
12190                                                             space of OpenCL
12191                                                             fence flag, or to
12192                                                             generic if both
12193                                                             local and global
12194                                                             flags are
12195                                                             specified.
12196                                                           - Could be split into
12197                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12198                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12199                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12200                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12201                                                             them to be
12202                                                             independently moved
12203                                                             according to the
12204                                                             following rules.
12205                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12206                                                             must happen after
12207                                                             any preceding
12208                                                             global/generic
12209                                                             load/load atomic/
12210                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12211                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12212                                                             must happen after
12213                                                             any preceding
12214                                                             global/generic
12215                                                             store/store atomic/
12216                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12217                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12218                                                             must happen after
12219                                                             any preceding
12220                                                             local/generic
12221                                                             load/store/load
12222                                                             atomic/store
12223                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12224                                                           - Must happen before
12225                                                             any following store
12226                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12227                                                             with an equal or
12228                                                             wider sync scope
12229                                                             and memory ordering
12230                                                             stronger than
12231                                                             unordered (this is
12232                                                             termed the
12233                                                             fence-paired-atomic).
12234                                                           - Ensures that all
12235                                                             memory operations
12236                                                             have
12237                                                             completed before
12238                                                             performing the
12239                                                             following
12240                                                             fence-paired-atomic.
12241
12242     **Acquire-Release Atomic**
12243     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12244     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - singlethread - global   1. buffer/global/ds/flat_atomic
12245                               - wavefront    - local
12246                                              - generic
12247     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12248                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12249
12250                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12251                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12252                                                             vscnt(0).
12253                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12254                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12255                                                           - Must happen after
12256                                                             any preceding
12257                                                             local/generic
12258                                                             load/store/load
12259                                                             atomic/store
12260                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12261                                                           - Could be split into
12262                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12263                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12264                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12265                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12266                                                             them to be
12267                                                             independently moved
12268                                                             according to the
12269                                                             following rules.
12270                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12271                                                             must happen after
12272                                                             any preceding
12273                                                             global/generic load/load
12274                                                             atomic/
12275                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12276                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12277                                                             must happen after
12278                                                             any preceding
12279                                                             global/generic
12280                                                             store/store
12281                                                             atomic/
12282                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12283                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12284                                                             must happen after
12285                                                             any preceding
12286                                                             local/generic
12287                                                             load/store/load
12288                                                             atomic/store
12289                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12290                                                           - Must happen before
12291                                                             the following
12292                                                             atomicrmw.
12293                                                           - Ensures that all
12294                                                             memory operations
12295                                                             have
12296                                                             completed before
12297                                                             performing the
12298                                                             atomicrmw that is
12299                                                             being released.
12300
12301                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12302                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12303
12304                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12305                                                             mode, omit.
12306                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12307                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12308                                                             atomic with no-return.
12309                                                           - Must happen before
12310                                                             the following
12311                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12312                                                           - Ensures any
12313                                                             following global
12314                                                             data read is no
12315                                                             older than the
12316                                                             atomicrmw value
12317                                                             being acquired.
12318
12319                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12320
12321                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12322                                                             mode, omit.
12323                                                           - Ensures that
12324                                                             following
12325                                                             loads will not see
12326                                                             stale data.
12327
12328     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - local    1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12329
12330                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12331                                                             mode, omit.
12332                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12333                                                           - Could be split into
12334                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12335                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12336                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12337                                                             them to be
12338                                                             independently moved
12339                                                             according to the
12340                                                             following rules.
12341                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12342                                                             must happen after
12343                                                             any preceding
12344                                                             global/generic load/load
12345                                                             atomic/
12346                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12347                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12348                                                             must happen after
12349                                                             any preceding
12350                                                             global/generic
12351                                                             store/store atomic/
12352                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12353                                                           - Must happen before
12354                                                             the following
12355                                                             store.
12356                                                           - Ensures that all
12357                                                             global memory
12358                                                             operations have
12359                                                             completed before
12360                                                             performing the
12361                                                             store that is being
12362                                                             released.
12363
12364                                                         2. ds_atomic
12365                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12366
12367                                                           - If OpenCL, omit.
12368                                                           - Must happen before
12369                                                             the following
12370                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12371                                                           - Ensures any
12372                                                             following global
12373                                                             data read is no
12374                                                             older than the local load
12375                                                             atomic value being
12376                                                             acquired.
12377
12378                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv
12379
12380                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12381                                                             mode, omit.
12382                                                           - If OpenCL omit.
12383                                                           - Ensures that
12384                                                             following
12385                                                             loads will not see
12386                                                             stale data.
12387
12388     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - workgroup    - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12389                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12390
12391                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12392                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12393                                                             vscnt(0).
12394                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12395                                                           - Could be split into
12396                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12397                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12398                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12399                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12400                                                             them to be
12401                                                             independently moved
12402                                                             according to the
12403                                                             following rules.
12404                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12405                                                             must happen after
12406                                                             any preceding
12407                                                             global/generic load/load
12408                                                             atomic/
12409                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12410                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12411                                                             must happen after
12412                                                             any preceding
12413                                                             global/generic
12414                                                             store/store
12415                                                             atomic/
12416                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12417                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12418                                                             must happen after
12419                                                             any preceding
12420                                                             local/generic
12421                                                             load/store/load
12422                                                             atomic/store
12423                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12424                                                           - Must happen before
12425                                                             the following
12426                                                             atomicrmw.
12427                                                           - Ensures that all
12428                                                             memory operations
12429                                                             have
12430                                                             completed before
12431                                                             performing the
12432                                                             atomicrmw that is
12433                                                             being released.
12434
12435                                                         2. flat_atomic
12436                                                         3. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12437                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12438
12439                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12440                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12441                                                             vscnt(0).
12442                                                           - If OpenCL, omit lgkmcnt(0).
12443                                                           - Must happen before
12444                                                             the following
12445                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12446                                                           - Ensures any
12447                                                             following global
12448                                                             data read is no
12449                                                             older than the load
12450                                                             atomic value being
12451                                                             acquired.
12452
12453                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12454
12455                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12456                                                             mode, omit.
12457                                                           - Ensures that
12458                                                             following
12459                                                             loads will not see
12460                                                             stale data.
12461
12462     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12463                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12464
12465                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12466                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12467                                                           - Could be split into
12468                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12469                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12470                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12471                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12472                                                             them to be
12473                                                             independently moved
12474                                                             according to the
12475                                                             following rules.
12476                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12477                                                             must happen after
12478                                                             any preceding
12479                                                             global/generic
12480                                                             load/load atomic/
12481                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12482                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12483                                                             must happen after
12484                                                             any preceding
12485                                                             global/generic
12486                                                             store/store atomic/
12487                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12488                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12489                                                             must happen after
12490                                                             any preceding
12491                                                             local/generic
12492                                                             load/store/load
12493                                                             atomic/store
12494                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12495                                                           - Must happen before
12496                                                             the following
12497                                                             atomicrmw.
12498                                                           - Ensures that all
12499                                                             memory operations
12500                                                             to global have
12501                                                             completed before
12502                                                             performing the
12503                                                             atomicrmw that is
12504                                                             being released.
12505
12506                                                         2. buffer/global_atomic
12507                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0)
12508
12509                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12510                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12511                                                             atomic with no-return.
12512                                                           - Must happen before
12513                                                             following
12514                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12515                                                           - Ensures the
12516                                                             atomicrmw has
12517                                                             completed before
12518                                                             invalidating the
12519                                                             caches.
12520
12521                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12522                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12523
12524                                                           - Must happen before
12525                                                             any following
12526                                                             global/generic
12527                                                             load/load
12528                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12529                                                           - Ensures that
12530                                                             following loads
12531                                                             will not see stale
12532                                                             global data.
12533
12534     atomicrmw    acq_rel      - agent        - generic  1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12535                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12536
12537                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12538                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12539                                                           - Could be split into
12540                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12541                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12542                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12543                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12544                                                             them to be
12545                                                             independently moved
12546                                                             according to the
12547                                                             following rules.
12548                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12549                                                             must happen after
12550                                                             any preceding
12551                                                             global/generic
12552                                                             load/load atomic
12553                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12554                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12555                                                             must happen after
12556                                                             any preceding
12557                                                             global/generic
12558                                                             store/store atomic/
12559                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12560                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12561                                                             must happen after
12562                                                             any preceding
12563                                                             local/generic
12564                                                             load/store/load
12565                                                             atomic/store
12566                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12567                                                           - Must happen before
12568                                                             the following
12569                                                             atomicrmw.
12570                                                           - Ensures that all
12571                                                             memory operations
12572                                                             have
12573                                                             completed before
12574                                                             performing the
12575                                                             atomicrmw that is
12576                                                             being released.
12577
12578                                                         2. flat_atomic
12579                                                         3. s_waitcnt vm/vscnt(0) &
12580                                                            lgkmcnt(0)
12581
12582                                                           - If OpenCL, omit
12583                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12584                                                           - Use vmcnt(0) if atomic with
12585                                                             return and vscnt(0) if
12586                                                             atomic with no-return.
12587                                                           - Must happen before
12588                                                             following
12589                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12590                                                           - Ensures the
12591                                                             atomicrmw has
12592                                                             completed before
12593                                                             invalidating the
12594                                                             caches.
12595
12596                                                         4. buffer_gl0_inv;
12597                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12598
12599                                                           - Must happen before
12600                                                             any following
12601                                                             global/generic
12602                                                             load/load
12603                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12604                                                           - Ensures that
12605                                                             following loads
12606                                                             will not see stale
12607                                                             global data.
12608
12609     fence        acq_rel      - singlethread *none*     *none*
12610                               - wavefront
12611     fence        acq_rel      - workgroup    *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12612                                                            vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12613
12614                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12615                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12616                                                             vscnt(0).
12617                                                           - If OpenCL and
12618                                                             address space is
12619                                                             not generic, omit
12620                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12621                                                           - If OpenCL and
12622                                                             address space is
12623                                                             local, omit
12624                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12625                                                           - However,
12626                                                             since LLVM
12627                                                             currently has no
12628                                                             address space on
12629                                                             the fence need to
12630                                                             conservatively
12631                                                             always generate
12632                                                             (see comment for
12633                                                             previous fence).
12634                                                           - Could be split into
12635                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12636                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12637                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12638                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12639                                                             them to be
12640                                                             independently moved
12641                                                             according to the
12642                                                             following rules.
12643                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12644                                                             must happen after
12645                                                             any preceding
12646                                                             global/generic
12647                                                             load/load
12648                                                             atomic/
12649                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12650                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12651                                                             must happen after
12652                                                             any preceding
12653                                                             global/generic
12654                                                             store/store atomic/
12655                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12656                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12657                                                             must happen after
12658                                                             any preceding
12659                                                             local/generic
12660                                                             load/store/load
12661                                                             atomic/store atomic/
12662                                                             atomicrmw.
12663                                                           - Must happen before
12664                                                             any following
12665                                                             global/generic
12666                                                             load/load
12667                                                             atomic/store/store
12668                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12669                                                           - Ensures that all
12670                                                             memory operations
12671                                                             have
12672                                                             completed before
12673                                                             performing any
12674                                                             following global
12675                                                             memory operations.
12676                                                           - Ensures that the
12677                                                             preceding
12678                                                             local/generic load
12679                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12680                                                             with an equal or
12681                                                             wider sync scope
12682                                                             and memory ordering
12683                                                             stronger than
12684                                                             unordered (this is
12685                                                             termed the
12686                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12687                                                             has completed
12688                                                             before following
12689                                                             global memory
12690                                                             operations. This
12691                                                             satisfies the
12692                                                             requirements of
12693                                                             acquire.
12694                                                           - Ensures that all
12695                                                             previous memory
12696                                                             operations have
12697                                                             completed before a
12698                                                             following
12699                                                             local/generic store
12700                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12701                                                             with an equal or
12702                                                             wider sync scope
12703                                                             and memory ordering
12704                                                             stronger than
12705                                                             unordered (this is
12706                                                             termed the
12707                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12708                                                             This satisfies the
12709                                                             requirements of
12710                                                             release.
12711                                                           - Must happen before
12712                                                             the following
12713                                                             buffer_gl0_inv.
12714                                                           - Ensures that the
12715                                                             acquire-fence-paired
12716                                                             atomic has completed
12717                                                             before invalidating
12718                                                             the
12719                                                             cache. Therefore
12720                                                             any following
12721                                                             locations read must
12722                                                             be no older than
12723                                                             the value read by
12724                                                             the
12725                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic.
12726
12727                                                         3. buffer_gl0_inv
12728
12729                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12730                                                             mode, omit.
12731                                                           - Ensures that
12732                                                             following
12733                                                             loads will not see
12734                                                             stale data.
12735
12736     fence        acq_rel      - agent        *none*     1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12737                               - system                     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12738
12739                                                           - If OpenCL and
12740                                                             address space is
12741                                                             not generic, omit
12742                                                             lgkmcnt(0).
12743                                                           - If OpenCL and
12744                                                             address space is
12745                                                             local, omit
12746                                                             vmcnt(0) and vscnt(0).
12747                                                           - However, since LLVM
12748                                                             currently has no
12749                                                             address space on
12750                                                             the fence need to
12751                                                             conservatively
12752                                                             always generate
12753                                                             (see comment for
12754                                                             previous fence).
12755                                                           - Could be split into
12756                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12757                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12758                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12759                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12760                                                             them to be
12761                                                             independently moved
12762                                                             according to the
12763                                                             following rules.
12764                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12765                                                             must happen after
12766                                                             any preceding
12767                                                             global/generic
12768                                                             load/load
12769                                                             atomic/
12770                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value.
12771                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12772                                                             must happen after
12773                                                             any preceding
12774                                                             global/generic
12775                                                             store/store atomic/
12776                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value.
12777                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
12778                                                             must happen after
12779                                                             any preceding
12780                                                             local/generic
12781                                                             load/store/load
12782                                                             atomic/store
12783                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12784                                                           - Must happen before
12785                                                             the following
12786                                                             buffer_gl*_inv.
12787                                                           - Ensures that the
12788                                                             preceding
12789                                                             global/local/generic
12790                                                             load
12791                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12792                                                             with an equal or
12793                                                             wider sync scope
12794                                                             and memory ordering
12795                                                             stronger than
12796                                                             unordered (this is
12797                                                             termed the
12798                                                             acquire-fence-paired-atomic)
12799                                                             has completed
12800                                                             before invalidating
12801                                                             the caches. This
12802                                                             satisfies the
12803                                                             requirements of
12804                                                             acquire.
12805                                                           - Ensures that all
12806                                                             previous memory
12807                                                             operations have
12808                                                             completed before a
12809                                                             following
12810                                                             global/local/generic
12811                                                             store
12812                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12813                                                             with an equal or
12814                                                             wider sync scope
12815                                                             and memory ordering
12816                                                             stronger than
12817                                                             unordered (this is
12818                                                             termed the
12819                                                             release-fence-paired-atomic).
12820                                                             This satisfies the
12821                                                             requirements of
12822                                                             release.
12823
12824                                                         2. buffer_gl0_inv;
12825                                                            buffer_gl1_inv
12826
12827                                                           - Must happen before
12828                                                             any following
12829                                                             global/generic
12830                                                             load/load
12831                                                             atomic/store/store
12832                                                             atomic/atomicrmw.
12833                                                           - Ensures that
12834                                                             following loads
12835                                                             will not see stale
12836                                                             global data. This
12837                                                             satisfies the
12838                                                             requirements of
12839                                                             acquire.
12840
12841     **Sequential Consistent Atomic**
12842     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12843     load atomic  seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
12844                               - wavefront    - local    load atomic acquire,
12845                                              - generic  except must generate
12846                                                         all instructions even
12847                                                         for OpenCL.*
12848     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
12849                                              - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12850
12851                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12852                                                             mode, omit vmcnt(0) and
12853                                                             vscnt(0).
12854                                                           - Could be split into
12855                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12856                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
12857                                                             vscnt(0), and s_waitcnt
12858                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
12859                                                             them to be
12860                                                             independently moved
12861                                                             according to the
12862                                                             following rules.
12863                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) must
12864                                                             happen after
12865                                                             preceding
12866                                                             local/generic load
12867                                                             atomic/store
12868                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
12869                                                             with memory
12870                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12871                                                             and with equal or
12872                                                             wider sync scope.
12873                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12874                                                             fences have their
12875                                                             own s_waitcnt
12876                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
12877                                                             not need to be
12878                                                             considered.)
12879                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12880                                                             must happen after
12881                                                             preceding
12882                                                             global/generic load
12883                                                             atomic/
12884                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12885                                                             with memory
12886                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12887                                                             and with equal or
12888                                                             wider sync scope.
12889                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12890                                                             fences have their
12891                                                             own s_waitcnt
12892                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12893                                                             not need to be
12894                                                             considered.)
12895                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12896                                                             Must happen after
12897                                                             preceding
12898                                                             global/generic store
12899                                                             atomic/
12900                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12901                                                             with memory
12902                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12903                                                             and with equal or
12904                                                             wider sync scope.
12905                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12906                                                             fences have their
12907                                                             own s_waitcnt
12908                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
12909                                                             not need to be
12910                                                             considered.)
12911                                                           - Ensures any
12912                                                             preceding
12913                                                             sequential
12914                                                             consistent global/local
12915                                                             memory instructions
12916                                                             have completed
12917                                                             before executing
12918                                                             this sequentially
12919                                                             consistent
12920                                                             instruction. This
12921                                                             prevents reordering
12922                                                             a seq_cst store
12923                                                             followed by a
12924                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
12925                                                             that seq_cst is
12926                                                             stronger than
12927                                                             acquire/release as
12928                                                             the reordering of
12929                                                             load acquire
12930                                                             followed by a store
12931                                                             release is
12932                                                             prevented by the
12933                                                             s_waitcnt of
12934                                                             the release, but
12935                                                             there is nothing
12936                                                             preventing a store
12937                                                             release followed by
12938                                                             load acquire from
12939                                                             completing out of
12940                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
12941                                                             could be placed after
12942                                                             seq_store or before
12943                                                             the seq_load. We
12944                                                             choose the load to
12945                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
12946                                                             as late as possible
12947                                                             so that the store
12948                                                             may have already
12949                                                             completed.)
12950
12951                                                         2. *Following
12952                                                            instructions same as
12953                                                            corresponding load
12954                                                            atomic acquire,
12955                                                            except must generate
12956                                                            all instructions even
12957                                                            for OpenCL.*
12958     load atomic  seq_cst      - workgroup    - local
12959
12960                                                         1. s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
12961
12962                                                           - If CU wavefront execution
12963                                                             mode, omit.
12964                                                           - Could be split into
12965                                                             separate s_waitcnt
12966                                                             vmcnt(0) and s_waitcnt
12967                                                             vscnt(0) to allow
12968                                                             them to be
12969                                                             independently moved
12970                                                             according to the
12971                                                             following rules.
12972                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
12973                                                             Must happen after
12974                                                             preceding
12975                                                             global/generic load
12976                                                             atomic/
12977                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
12978                                                             with memory
12979                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12980                                                             and with equal or
12981                                                             wider sync scope.
12982                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12983                                                             fences have their
12984                                                             own s_waitcnt
12985                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
12986                                                             not need to be
12987                                                             considered.)
12988                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
12989                                                             Must happen after
12990                                                             preceding
12991                                                             global/generic store
12992                                                             atomic/
12993                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
12994                                                             with memory
12995                                                             ordering of seq_cst
12996                                                             and with equal or
12997                                                             wider sync scope.
12998                                                             (Note that seq_cst
12999                                                             fences have their
13000                                                             own s_waitcnt
13001                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
13002                                                             not need to be
13003                                                             considered.)
13004                                                           - Ensures any
13005                                                             preceding
13006                                                             sequential
13007                                                             consistent global
13008                                                             memory instructions
13009                                                             have completed
13010                                                             before executing
13011                                                             this sequentially
13012                                                             consistent
13013                                                             instruction. This
13014                                                             prevents reordering
13015                                                             a seq_cst store
13016                                                             followed by a
13017                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13018                                                             that seq_cst is
13019                                                             stronger than
13020                                                             acquire/release as
13021                                                             the reordering of
13022                                                             load acquire
13023                                                             followed by a store
13024                                                             release is
13025                                                             prevented by the
13026                                                             s_waitcnt of
13027                                                             the release, but
13028                                                             there is nothing
13029                                                             preventing a store
13030                                                             release followed by
13031                                                             load acquire from
13032                                                             completing out of
13033                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13034                                                             could be placed after
13035                                                             seq_store or before
13036                                                             the seq_load. We
13037                                                             choose the load to
13038                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13039                                                             as late as possible
13040                                                             so that the store
13041                                                             may have already
13042                                                             completed.)
13043
13044                                                         2. *Following
13045                                                            instructions same as
13046                                                            corresponding load
13047                                                            atomic acquire,
13048                                                            except must generate
13049                                                            all instructions even
13050                                                            for OpenCL.*
13051
13052     load atomic  seq_cst      - agent        - global   1. s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0) &
13053                               - system       - generic     vmcnt(0) & vscnt(0)
13054
13055                                                           - Could be split into
13056                                                             separate s_waitcnt
13057                                                             vmcnt(0), s_waitcnt
13058                                                             vscnt(0) and s_waitcnt
13059                                                             lgkmcnt(0) to allow
13060                                                             them to be
13061                                                             independently moved
13062                                                             according to the
13063                                                             following rules.
13064                                                           - s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
13065                                                             must happen after
13066                                                             preceding
13067                                                             local load
13068                                                             atomic/store
13069                                                             atomic/atomicrmw
13070                                                             with memory
13071                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13072                                                             and with equal or
13073                                                             wider sync scope.
13074                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13075                                                             fences have their
13076                                                             own s_waitcnt
13077                                                             lgkmcnt(0) and so do
13078                                                             not need to be
13079                                                             considered.)
13080                                                           - s_waitcnt vmcnt(0)
13081                                                             must happen after
13082                                                             preceding
13083                                                             global/generic load
13084                                                             atomic/
13085                                                             atomicrmw-with-return-value
13086                                                             with memory
13087                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13088                                                             and with equal or
13089                                                             wider sync scope.
13090                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13091                                                             fences have their
13092                                                             own s_waitcnt
13093                                                             vmcnt(0) and so do
13094                                                             not need to be
13095                                                             considered.)
13096                                                           - s_waitcnt vscnt(0)
13097                                                             Must happen after
13098                                                             preceding
13099                                                             global/generic store
13100                                                             atomic/
13101                                                             atomicrmw-no-return-value
13102                                                             with memory
13103                                                             ordering of seq_cst
13104                                                             and with equal or
13105                                                             wider sync scope.
13106                                                             (Note that seq_cst
13107                                                             fences have their
13108                                                             own s_waitcnt
13109                                                             vscnt(0) and so do
13110                                                             not need to be
13111                                                             considered.)
13112                                                           - Ensures any
13113                                                             preceding
13114                                                             sequential
13115                                                             consistent global
13116                                                             memory instructions
13117                                                             have completed
13118                                                             before executing
13119                                                             this sequentially
13120                                                             consistent
13121                                                             instruction. This
13122                                                             prevents reordering
13123                                                             a seq_cst store
13124                                                             followed by a
13125                                                             seq_cst load. (Note
13126                                                             that seq_cst is
13127                                                             stronger than
13128                                                             acquire/release as
13129                                                             the reordering of
13130                                                             load acquire
13131                                                             followed by a store
13132                                                             release is
13133                                                             prevented by the
13134                                                             s_waitcnt of
13135                                                             the release, but
13136                                                             there is nothing
13137                                                             preventing a store
13138                                                             release followed by
13139                                                             load acquire from
13140                                                             completing out of
13141                                                             order. The s_waitcnt
13142                                                             could be placed after
13143                                                             seq_store or before
13144                                                             the seq_load. We
13145                                                             choose the load to
13146                                                             make the s_waitcnt be
13147                                                             as late as possible
13148                                                             so that the store
13149                                                             may have already
13150                                                             completed.)
13151
13152                                                         2. *Following
13153                                                            instructions same as
13154                                                            corresponding load
13155                                                            atomic acquire,
13156                                                            except must generate
13157                                                            all instructions even
13158                                                            for OpenCL.*
13159     store atomic seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13160                               - wavefront    - local    store atomic release,
13161                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13162                               - agent                   all instructions even
13163                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13164     atomicrmw    seq_cst      - singlethread - global   *Same as corresponding
13165                               - wavefront    - local    atomicrmw acq_rel,
13166                               - workgroup    - generic  except must generate
13167                               - agent                   all instructions even
13168                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13169     fence        seq_cst      - singlethread *none*     *Same as corresponding
13170                               - wavefront               fence acq_rel,
13171                               - workgroup               except must generate
13172                               - agent                   all instructions even
13173                               - system                  for OpenCL.*
13174     ============ ============ ============== ========== ================================
13175
13176.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-trap-handler-abi:
13177
13178Trap Handler ABI
13179~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13180
13181For code objects generated by the AMDGPU backend for HSA [HSA]_ compatible
13182runtimes (see :ref:`amdgpu-os`), the runtime installs a trap handler that
13183supports the ``s_trap`` instruction. For usage see:
13184
13185- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table`
13186- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table`
13187- :ref:`amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table`
13188
13189  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V2
13190     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v2-table
13191
13192     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13193     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13194                                         Inputs
13195     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13196     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13197     ``debugtrap(arg)``  ``s_trap 0x01`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Reserved for Finalizer HSA ``debugtrap``
13198                                           ``queue_ptr`` intrinsic (not implemented).
13199                                         ``VGPR0``:
13200                                           ``arg``
13201     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13202                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13203                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13204                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13205                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13206                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13207                                                         terminated.
13208     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13209                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13210                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13211                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13212                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13213                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13214                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13215                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13216                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13217                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13218     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13219     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13220     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13221     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13222     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13223     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13224     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13225     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13226
13227..
13228
13229  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V3
13230     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v3-table
13231
13232     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13233     Usage               Code Sequence   Trap Handler    Description
13234                                         Inputs
13235     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13236     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                 Reserved by hardware.
13237     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*          Reserved for debugger to use for
13238                                                         breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13239                                                         with the PC at the trap instruction.
13240                                                         The debugger is responsible to resume
13241                                                         the wave, including the instruction
13242                                                         that the breakpoint overwrote.
13243     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:    Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13244                                           ``queue_ptr`` the trap instruction. The associated
13245                                                         queue is signalled to put it into the
13246                                                         error state.  When the queue is put in
13247                                                         the error state, the waves executing
13248                                                         dispatches on the queue will be
13249                                                         terminated.
13250     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*          - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13251                                                           as a no-operation. The trap handler
13252                                                           is entered and immediately returns to
13253                                                           continue execution of the wavefront.
13254                                                         - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13255                                                           the debug trap to be reported by the
13256                                                           debugger and the wavefront is put in
13257                                                           the halt state with the PC at the
13258                                                           instruction.  The debugger must
13259                                                           increment the PC and resume the wave.
13260     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                 Reserved.
13261     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                 Reserved.
13262     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                 Reserved.
13263     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                 Reserved.
13264     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                 Reserved.
13265     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                 Reserved.
13266     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                 Reserved.
13267     =================== =============== =============== =======================================
13268
13269..
13270
13271  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for AMDHSA OS Code Object V4 and Above
13272     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-amdhsa-os-v4-onwards-table
13273
13274     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13275     Usage               Code Sequence   GFX6-GFX8 Inputs GFX9-GFX10 Inputs Description
13276     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13277     reserved            ``s_trap 0x00``                                    Reserved by hardware.
13278     debugger breakpoint ``s_trap 0x01`` *none*           *none*            Reserved for debugger to use for
13279                                                                            breakpoints. Causes wave to be halted
13280                                                                            with the PC at the trap instruction.
13281                                                                            The debugger is responsible to resume
13282                                                                            the wave, including the instruction
13283                                                                            that the breakpoint overwrote.
13284     ``llvm.trap``       ``s_trap 0x02`` ``SGPR0-1``:     *none*            Causes wave to be halted with the PC at
13285                                           ``queue_ptr``                    the trap instruction. The associated
13286                                                                            queue is signalled to put it into the
13287                                                                            error state.  When the queue is put in
13288                                                                            the error state, the waves executing
13289                                                                            dispatches on the queue will be
13290                                                                            terminated.
13291     ``llvm.debugtrap``  ``s_trap 0x03`` *none*           *none*            - If debugger not enabled then behaves
13292                                                                              as a no-operation. The trap handler
13293                                                                              is entered and immediately returns to
13294                                                                              continue execution of the wavefront.
13295                                                                            - If the debugger is enabled, causes
13296                                                                              the debug trap to be reported by the
13297                                                                              debugger and the wavefront is put in
13298                                                                              the halt state with the PC at the
13299                                                                              instruction.  The debugger must
13300                                                                              increment the PC and resume the wave.
13301     reserved            ``s_trap 0x04``                                    Reserved.
13302     reserved            ``s_trap 0x05``                                    Reserved.
13303     reserved            ``s_trap 0x06``                                    Reserved.
13304     reserved            ``s_trap 0x07``                                    Reserved.
13305     reserved            ``s_trap 0x08``                                    Reserved.
13306     reserved            ``s_trap 0xfe``                                    Reserved.
13307     reserved            ``s_trap 0xff``                                    Reserved.
13308     =================== =============== ================ ================= =======================================
13309
13310.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention:
13311
13312Call Convention
13313~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13314
13315.. note::
13316
13317  This section is currently incomplete and has inaccuracies. It is WIP that will
13318  be updated as information is determined.
13319
13320See :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-address-space-identifier` for information on swizzled
13321addresses. Unswizzled addresses are normal linear addresses.
13322
13323.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-kernel-functions:
13324
13325Kernel Functions
13326++++++++++++++++
13327
13328This section describes the call convention ABI for the outer kernel function.
13329
13330See :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state` for the kernel call
13331convention.
13332
13333The following is not part of the AMDGPU kernel calling convention but describes
13334how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13335
133361.  Clang decides the kernarg layout to match the *HSA Programmer's Language
13337    Reference* [HSA]_.
13338
13339    - All structs are passed directly.
13340    - Lambda values are passed *TBA*.
13341
13342    .. TODO::
13343
13344      - Does this really follow HSA rules? Or are structs >16 bytes passed
13345        by-value struct?
13346      - What is ABI for lambda values?
13347
133484.  The kernel performs certain setup in its prolog, as described in
13349    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog`.
13350
13351.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-function-call-convention-non-kernel-functions:
13352
13353Non-Kernel Functions
13354++++++++++++++++++++
13355
13356This section describes the call convention ABI for functions other than the
13357outer kernel function.
13358
13359If a kernel has function calls then scratch is always allocated and used for
13360the call stack which grows from low address to high address using the swizzled
13361scratch address space.
13362
13363On entry to a function:
13364
133651.  SGPR0-3 contain a V# with the following properties (see
13366    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-private-segment-buffer`):
13367
13368    * Base address pointing to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing
13369      memory.
13370    * Swizzled with dword element size and stride of wavefront size elements.
13371
133722.  The FLAT_SCRATCH register pair is setup. See
13373    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-flat-scratch`.
133743.  GFX6-GFX8: M0 register set to the size of LDS in bytes. See
13375    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-prolog-m0`.
133764.  The EXEC register is set to the lanes active on entry to the function.
133775.  MODE register: *TBD*
133786.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function input arguments as described
13379    below.
133807.  SGPR30-31 return address (RA). The code address that the function must
13381    return to when it completes. The value is undefined if the function is *no
13382    return*.
133838.  SGPR32 is used for the stack pointer (SP). It is an unswizzled scratch
13384    offset relative to the beginning of the wavefront scratch backing memory.
13385
13386    The unswizzled SP can be used with buffer instructions as an unswizzled SGPR
13387    offset with the scratch V# in SGPR0-3 to access the stack in a swizzled
13388    manner.
13389
13390    The unswizzled SP value can be converted into the swizzled SP value by:
13391
13392      | swizzled SP = unswizzled SP / wavefront size
13393
13394    This may be used to obtain the private address space address of stack
13395    objects and to convert this address to a flat address by adding the flat
13396    scratch aperture base address.
13397
13398    The swizzled SP value is always 4 bytes aligned for the ``r600``
13399    architecture and 16 byte aligned for the ``amdgcn`` architecture.
13400
13401    .. note::
13402
13403      The ``amdgcn`` value is selected to avoid dynamic stack alignment for the
13404      OpenCL language which has the largest base type defined as 16 bytes.
13405
13406    On entry, the swizzled SP value is the address of the first function
13407    argument passed on the stack. Other stack passed arguments are positive
13408    offsets from the entry swizzled SP value.
13409
13410    The function may use positive offsets beyond the last stack passed argument
13411    for stack allocated local variables and register spill slots. If necessary,
13412    the function may align these to greater alignment than 16 bytes. After these
13413    the function may dynamically allocate space for such things as runtime sized
13414    ``alloca`` local allocations.
13415
13416    If the function calls another function, it will place any stack allocated
13417    arguments after the last local allocation and adjust SGPR32 to the address
13418    after the last local allocation.
13419
134209.  All other registers are unspecified.
1342110. Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory is available
13422    to the function.
13423
13424On exit from a function:
13425
134261.  VGPR0-31 and SGPR4-29 are used to pass function result arguments as
13427    described below. Any registers used are considered clobbered registers.
134282.  The following registers are preserved and have the same value as on entry:
13429
13430    * FLAT_SCRATCH
13431    * EXEC
13432    * GFX6-GFX8: M0
13433    * All SGPR registers except the clobbered registers of SGPR4-31.
13434    * VGPR40-47
13435    * VGPR56-63
13436    * VGPR72-79
13437    * VGPR88-95
13438    * VGPR104-111
13439    * VGPR120-127
13440    * VGPR136-143
13441    * VGPR152-159
13442    * VGPR168-175
13443    * VGPR184-191
13444    * VGPR200-207
13445    * VGPR216-223
13446    * VGPR232-239
13447    * VGPR248-255
13448
13449        .. note::
13450
13451          Except the argument registers, the VGPRs clobbered and the preserved
13452          registers are intermixed at regular intervals in order to keep a
13453          similar ratio independent of the number of allocated VGPRs.
13454
13455    * GFX90A: All AGPR registers except the clobbered registers AGPR0-31.
13456    * Lanes of all VGPRs that are inactive at the call site.
13457
13458      For the AMDGPU backend, an inter-procedural register allocation (IPRA)
13459      optimization may mark some of clobbered SGPR and VGPR registers as
13460      preserved if it can be determined that the called function does not change
13461      their value.
13462
134632.  The PC is set to the RA provided on entry.
134643.  MODE register: *TBD*.
134654.  All other registers are clobbered.
134665.  Any necessary ``s_waitcnt`` has been performed to ensure memory accessed by
13467    function is available to the caller.
13468
13469.. TODO::
13470
13471  - How are function results returned? The address of structured types is passed
13472    by reference, but what about other types?
13473
13474The function input arguments are made up of the formal arguments explicitly
13475declared by the source language function plus the implicit input arguments used
13476by the implementation.
13477
13478The source language input arguments are:
13479
134801. Any source language implicit ``this`` or ``self`` argument comes first as a
13481   pointer type.
134822. Followed by the function formal arguments in left to right source order.
13483
13484The source language result arguments are:
13485
134861. The function result argument.
13487
13488The source language input or result struct type arguments that are less than or
13489equal to 16 bytes, are decomposed recursively into their base type fields, and
13490each field is passed as if a separate argument. For input arguments, if the
13491called function requires the struct to be in memory, for example because its
13492address is taken, then the function body is responsible for allocating a stack
13493location and copying the field arguments into it. Clang terms this *direct
13494struct*.
13495
13496The source language input struct type arguments that are greater than 16 bytes,
13497are passed by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack
13498location to make a copy of the struct value and pass the address as the input
13499argument. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13500accessing the input argument. Clang terms this *by-value struct*.
13501
13502A source language result struct type argument that is greater than 16 bytes, is
13503returned by reference. The caller is responsible for allocating a stack location
13504to hold the result value and passes the address as the last input argument
13505(before the implicit input arguments). In this case there are no result
13506arguments. The called function is responsible to perform the dereference when
13507storing the result value. Clang terms this *structured return (sret)*.
13508
13509*TODO: correct the ``sret`` definition.*
13510
13511.. TODO::
13512
13513  Is this definition correct? Or is ``sret`` only used if passing in registers, and
13514  pass as non-decomposed struct as stack argument? Or something else? Is the
13515  memory location in the caller stack frame, or a stack memory argument and so
13516  no address is passed as the caller can directly write to the argument stack
13517  location? But then the stack location is still live after return. If an
13518  argument stack location is it the first stack argument or the last one?
13519
13520Lambda argument types are treated as struct types with an implementation defined
13521set of fields.
13522
13523.. TODO::
13524
13525  Need to specify the ABI for lambda types for AMDGPU.
13526
13527For AMDGPU backend all source language arguments (including the decomposed
13528struct type arguments) are passed in VGPRs unless marked ``inreg`` in which case
13529they are passed in SGPRs.
13530
13531The AMDGPU backend walks the function call graph from the leaves to determine
13532which implicit input arguments are used, propagating to each caller of the
13533function. The used implicit arguments are appended to the function arguments
13534after the source language arguments in the following order:
13535
13536.. TODO::
13537
13538  Is recursion or external functions supported?
13539
135401.  Work-Item ID (1 VGPR)
13541
13542    The X, Y and Z work-item ID are packed into a single VGRP with the following
13543    layout. Only fields actually used by the function are set. The other bits
13544    are undefined.
13545
13546    The values come from the initial kernel execution state. See
13547    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-initial-kernel-execution-state`.
13548
13549    .. table:: Work-item implicit argument layout
13550      :name: amdgpu-amdhsa-workitem-implicit-argument-layout-table
13551
13552      ======= ======= ==============
13553      Bits    Size    Field Name
13554      ======= ======= ==============
13555      9:0     10 bits X Work-Item ID
13556      19:10   10 bits Y Work-Item ID
13557      29:20   10 bits Z Work-Item ID
13558      31:30   2 bits  Unused
13559      ======= ======= ==============
13560
135612.  Dispatch Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13562
13563    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13564    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13565
135663.  Queue Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13567
13568    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13569    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13570
135714.  Kernarg Segment Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13572
13573    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13574    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13575
135765.  Dispatch id (2 SGPRs)
13577
13578    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13579    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13580
135816.  Work-Group ID X (1 SGPR)
13582
13583    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13584    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13585
135867.  Work-Group ID Y (1 SGPR)
13587
13588    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13589    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13590
135918.  Work-Group ID Z (1 SGPR)
13592
13593    The value comes from the initial kernel execution state. See
13594    :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-sgpr-register-set-up-order-table`.
13595
135969.  Implicit Argument Ptr (2 SGPRs)
13597
13598    The value is computed by adding an offset to Kernarg Segment Ptr to get the
13599    global address space pointer to the first kernarg implicit argument.
13600
13601The input and result arguments are assigned in order in the following manner:
13602
13603.. note::
13604
13605  There are likely some errors and omissions in the following description that
13606  need correction.
13607
13608  .. TODO::
13609
13610    Check the Clang source code to decipher how function arguments and return
13611    results are handled. Also see the AMDGPU specific values used.
13612
13613* VGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive VGPRs starting at VGPR0 up to
13614  VGPR31.
13615
13616  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13617  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13618  addresses.
13619
13620  .. TODO::
13621
13622    How are overly aligned structures allocated on the stack?
13623
13624* SGPR arguments are assigned to consecutive SGPRs starting at SGPR0 up to
13625  SGPR29.
13626
13627  If there are more arguments than will fit in these registers, the remaining
13628  arguments are allocated on the stack in order on naturally aligned
13629  addresses.
13630
13631Note that decomposed struct type arguments may have some fields passed in
13632registers and some in memory.
13633
13634.. TODO::
13635
13636  So, a struct which can pass some fields as decomposed register arguments, will
13637  pass the rest as decomposed stack elements? But an argument that will not start
13638  in registers will not be decomposed and will be passed as a non-decomposed
13639  stack value?
13640
13641The following is not part of the AMDGPU function calling convention but
13642describes how the AMDGPU implements function calls:
13643
136441.  SGPR33 is used as a frame pointer (FP) if necessary. Like the SP it is an
13645    unswizzled scratch address. It is only needed if runtime sized ``alloca``
13646    are used, or for the reasons defined in ``SIFrameLowering``.
136472.  Runtime stack alignment is supported. SGPR34 is used as a base pointer (BP)
13648    to access the incoming stack arguments in the function. The BP is needed
13649    only when the function requires the runtime stack alignment.
13650
136513.  Allocating SGPR arguments on the stack are not supported.
13652
136534.  No CFI is currently generated. See
13654    :ref:`amdgpu-dwarf-call-frame-information`.
13655
13656    .. note::
13657
13658      CFI will be generated that defines the CFA as the unswizzled address
13659      relative to the wave scratch base in the unswizzled private address space
13660      of the lowest address stack allocated local variable.
13661
13662      ``DW_AT_frame_base`` will be defined as the swizzled address in the
13663      swizzled private address space by dividing the CFA by the wavefront size
13664      (since CFA is always at least dword aligned which matches the scratch
13665      swizzle element size).
13666
13667      If no dynamic stack alignment was performed, the stack allocated arguments
13668      are accessed as negative offsets relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``, and the
13669      local variables and register spill slots are accessed as positive offsets
13670      relative to ``DW_AT_frame_base``.
13671
136725.  Function argument passing is implemented by copying the input physical
13673    registers to virtual registers on entry. The register allocator can spill if
13674    necessary. These are copied back to physical registers at call sites. The
13675    net effect is that each function call can have these values in entirely
13676    distinct locations. The IPRA can help avoid shuffling argument registers.
136776.  Call sites are implemented by setting up the arguments at positive offsets
13678    from SP. Then SP is incremented to account for the known frame size before
13679    the call and decremented after the call.
13680
13681    .. note::
13682
13683      The CFI will reflect the changed calculation needed to compute the CFA
13684      from SP.
13685
136867.  4 byte spill slots are used in the stack frame. One slot is allocated for an
13687    emergency spill slot. Buffer instructions are used for stack accesses and
13688    not the ``flat_scratch`` instruction.
13689
13690    .. TODO::
13691
13692      Explain when the emergency spill slot is used.
13693
13694.. TODO::
13695
13696  Possible broken issues:
13697
13698  - Stack arguments must be aligned to required alignment.
13699  - Stack is aligned to max(16, max formal argument alignment)
13700  - Direct argument < 64 bits should check register budget.
13701  - Register budget calculation should respect ``inreg`` for SGPR.
13702  - SGPR overflow is not handled.
13703  - struct with 1 member unpeeling is not checking size of member.
13704  - ``sret`` is after ``this`` pointer.
13705  - Caller is not implementing stack realignment: need an extra pointer.
13706  - Should say AMDGPU passes FP rather than SP.
13707  - Should CFI define CFA as address of locals or arguments. Difference is
13708    apparent when have implemented dynamic alignment.
13709  - If ``SCRATCH`` instruction could allow negative offsets, then can make FP be
13710    highest address of stack frame and use negative offset for locals. Would
13711    allow SP to be the same as FP and could support signal-handler-like as now
13712    have a real SP for the top of the stack.
13713  - How is ``sret`` passed on the stack? In argument stack area? Can it overlay
13714    arguments?
13715
13716AMDPAL
13717------
13718
13719This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
13720``amdpal`` (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
13721
13722.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-section:
13723
13724Code Object Metadata
13725~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13726
13727.. note::
13728
13729  The metadata is currently in development and is subject to major
13730  changes. Only the current version is supported. *When this document
13731  was generated the version was 2.6.*
13732
13733Code object metadata is specified by the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA`` note
13734record (see :ref:`amdgpu-note-records-v3-onwards`).
13735
13736The metadata is represented as Message Pack formatted binary data (see
13737[MsgPack]_). The top level is a Message Pack map that includes the keys
13738defined in table :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table`
13739and referenced tables.
13740
13741Additional information can be added to the maps. To avoid conflicts, any
13742key names should be prefixed by "*vendor-name*." where ``vendor-name``
13743can be the name of the vendor and specific vendor tool that generates the
13744information. The prefix is abbreviated to simply "." when it appears
13745within a map that has been added by the same *vendor-name*.
13746
13747  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Metadata Map
13748     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-map-table
13749
13750     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13751     String Key          Value Type     Required? Description
13752     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13753     "amdpal.version"    sequence of    Required  PAL code object metadata (major, minor) version. The current values
13754                         2 integers               are defined by *Util::Abi::PipelineMetadata(Major|Minor)Version*.
13755     "amdpal.pipelines"  sequence of    Required  Per-pipeline metadata. See
13756                         map                      :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table` for the
13757                                                  definition of the keys included in that map.
13758     =================== ============== ========= ======================================================================
13759
13760..
13761
13762  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Pipeline Metadata Map
13763     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-pipeline-metadata-map-table
13764
13765     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13766     String Key                             Value Type     Required? Description
13767     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13768     ".name"                                string                   Source name of the pipeline.
13769     ".type"                                string                   Pipeline type, e.g. VsPs. Values include:
13770
13771                                                                       - "VsPs"
13772                                                                       - "Gs"
13773                                                                       - "Cs"
13774                                                                       - "Ngg"
13775                                                                       - "Tess"
13776                                                                       - "GsTess"
13777                                                                       - "NggTess"
13778
13779     ".internal_pipeline_hash"              sequence of    Required  Internal compiler hash for this pipeline. Lower
13780                                            2 integers               64 bits is the "stable" portion of the hash, used
13781                                                                     for e.g. shader replacement lookup. Upper 64 bits
13782                                                                     is the "unique" portion of the hash, used for
13783                                                                     e.g. pipeline cache lookup. The value is
13784                                                                     implementation defined, and can not be relied on
13785                                                                     between different builds of the compiler.
13786     ".shaders"                             map                      Per-API shader metadata. See
13787                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table`
13788                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13789                                                                     map.
13790     ".hardware_stages"                     map                      Per-hardware stage metadata. See
13791                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table`
13792                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13793                                                                     map.
13794     ".shader_functions"                    map                      Per-shader function metadata. See
13795                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table`
13796                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13797                                                                     map.
13798     ".registers"                           map            Required  Hardware register configuration. See
13799                                                                     :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table`
13800                                                                     for the definition of the keys included in that
13801                                                                     map.
13802     ".user_data_limit"                     integer                  Number of user data entries accessed by this
13803                                                                     pipeline.
13804     ".spill_threshold"                     integer                  The user data spill threshold.  0xFFFF for
13805                                                                     NoUserDataSpilling.
13806     ".uses_viewport_array_index"           boolean                  Indicates whether or not the pipeline uses the
13807                                                                     viewport array index feature. Pipelines which use
13808                                                                     this feature can render into all 16 viewports,
13809                                                                     whereas pipelines which do not use it are
13810                                                                     restricted to viewport #0.
13811     ".es_gs_lds_size"                      integer                  Size in bytes of LDS space used internally for
13812                                                                     handling data-passing between the ES and GS
13813                                                                     shader stages. This can be zero if the data is
13814                                                                     passed using off-chip buffers. This value should
13815                                                                     be used to program all user-SGPRs which have been
13816                                                                     marked with "UserDataMapping::EsGsLdsSize"
13817                                                                     (typically only the GS and VS HW stages will ever
13818                                                                     have a user-SGPR so marked).
13819     ".nggSubgroupSize"                     integer                  Explicit maximum subgroup size for NGG shaders
13820                                                                     (maximum number of threads in a subgroup).
13821     ".num_interpolants"                    integer                  Graphics only. Number of PS interpolants.
13822     ".mesh_scratch_memory_size"            integer                  Max mesh shader scratch memory used.
13823     ".api"                                 string                   Name of the client graphics API.
13824     ".api_create_info"                     binary                   Graphics API shader create info binary blob. Can
13825                                                                     be defined by the driver using the compiler if
13826                                                                     they want to be able to correlate API-specific
13827                                                                     information used during creation at a later time.
13828     ====================================== ============== ========= ===================================================
13829
13830..
13831
13832  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Map
13833     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-map-table
13834
13835
13836     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13837     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                        |
13838     +=============+==============+===================================================================+
13839     |- ".compute" |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table` |
13840     |- ".vertex"  |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.               |
13841     |- ".hull"    |              |                                                                   |
13842     |- ".domain"  |              |                                                                   |
13843     |- ".geometry"|              |                                                                   |
13844     |- ".pixel"   |              |                                                                   |
13845     +-------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
13846
13847..
13848
13849  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object API Shader Metadata Map
13850     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-api-shader-metadata-map-table
13851
13852     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13853     String Key           Value Type     Required? Description
13854     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13855     ".api_shader_hash"   sequence of    Required  Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13856                          2 integers               is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13857                                                   different builds of the compiler.
13858     ".hardware_mapping"  sequence of    Required  Flags indicating the HW stages this API shader maps to. Values
13859                          string                   include:
13860
13861                                                     - ".ls"
13862                                                     - ".hs"
13863                                                     - ".es"
13864                                                     - ".gs"
13865                                                     - ".vs"
13866                                                     - ".ps"
13867                                                     - ".cs"
13868
13869     ==================== ============== ========= =====================================================================
13870
13871..
13872
13873  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Map
13874     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-map-table
13875
13876     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13877     |String Key   |Value Type    |Description                                                            |
13878     +=============+==============+=======================================================================+
13879     |- ".ls"      |map           |See :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table` |
13880     |- ".hs"      |              |for the definition of the keys included in that map.                   |
13881     |- ".es"      |              |                                                                       |
13882     |- ".gs"      |              |                                                                       |
13883     |- ".vs"      |              |                                                                       |
13884     |- ".ps"      |              |                                                                       |
13885     |- ".cs"      |              |                                                                       |
13886     +-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
13887
13888..
13889
13890  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Hardware Stage Metadata Map
13891     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-hardware-stage-metadata-map-table
13892
13893     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13894     String Key                 Value Type     Required? Description
13895     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13896     ".entry_point"             string                   The ELF symbol pointing to this pipeline's stage entry point.
13897     ".scratch_memory_size"     integer                  Scratch memory size in bytes.
13898     ".lds_size"                integer                  Local Data Share size in bytes.
13899     ".perf_data_buffer_size"   integer                  Performance data buffer size in bytes.
13900     ".vgpr_count"              integer                  Number of VGPRs used.
13901     ".agpr_count"              integer                  Number of AGPRs used.
13902     ".sgpr_count"              integer                  Number of SGPRs used.
13903     ".vgpr_limit"              integer                  If non-zero, indicates the shader was compiled with a
13904                                                         directive to instruct the compiler to limit the VGPR usage to
13905                                                         be less than or equal to the specified value (only set if
13906                                                         different from HW default).
13907     ".sgpr_limit"              integer                  SGPR count upper limit (only set if different from HW
13908                                                         default).
13909     ".threadgroup_dimensions"  sequence of              Thread-group X/Y/Z dimensions (Compute only).
13910                                3 integers
13911     ".wavefront_size"          integer                  Wavefront size (only set if different from HW default).
13912     ".uses_uavs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes UAVs.
13913     ".uses_rovs"               boolean                  The shader reads or writes ROVs.
13914     ".writes_uavs"             boolean                  The shader writes to one or more UAVs.
13915     ".writes_depth"            boolean                  The shader writes out a depth value.
13916     ".uses_append_consume"     boolean                  The shader uses append and/or consume operations, either
13917                                                         memory or GDS.
13918     ".uses_prim_id"            boolean                  The shader uses PrimID.
13919     ========================== ============== ========= ===============================================================
13920
13921..
13922
13923  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Map
13924     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-map-table
13925
13926     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13927     String Key      Value Type     Description
13928     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13929     *symbol name*   map            *symbol name* is the ELF symbol name of the shader function code
13930                                    entry address. The value is the function's metadata. See
13931                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table`.
13932     =============== ============== ====================================================================
13933
13934..
13935
13936  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Shader Function Metadata Map
13937     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-shader-function-metadata-map-table
13938
13939     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13940     String Key                    Value Type     Description
13941     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13942     ".api_shader_hash"            sequence of    Input shader hash, typically passed in from the client. The value
13943                                   2 integers     is implementation defined, and can not be relied on between
13944                                                  different builds of the compiler.
13945     ".scratch_memory_size"        integer        Size in bytes of scratch memory used by the shader.
13946     ".lds_size"                   integer        Size in bytes of LDS memory.
13947     ".vgpr_count"                 integer        Number of VGPRs used by the shader.
13948     ".sgpr_count"                 integer        Number of SGPRs used by the shader.
13949     ".stack_frame_size_in_bytes"  integer        Amount of stack size used by the shader.
13950     ".shader_subtype"             string         Shader subtype/kind. Values include:
13951
13952                                                    - "Unknown"
13953
13954     ============================= ============== =================================================================
13955
13956..
13957
13958  .. table:: AMDPAL Code Object Register Map
13959     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-register-map-table
13960
13961     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13962     32-bit Integer Key         Value Type     Description
13963     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13964     ``reg offset``             32-bit integer ``reg offset`` is the dword offset into the GFXIP register space of
13965                                               a GRBM register (i.e., driver accessible GPU register number, not
13966                                               shader GPR register number). The driver is required to program each
13967                                               specified register to the corresponding specified value when
13968                                               executing this pipeline. Typically, the ``reg offsets`` are the
13969                                               ``uint16_t`` offsets to each register as defined by the hardware
13970                                               chip headers. The register is set to the provided value. However, a
13971                                               ``reg offset`` that specifies a user data register (e.g.,
13972                                               COMPUTE_USER_DATA_0) needs special treatment. See
13973                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section` section for more
13974                                               information.
13975     ========================== ============== ====================================================================
13976
13977.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-user-data-section:
13978
13979User Data
13980+++++++++
13981
13982Each hardware stage has a set of 32-bit physical SPI *user data registers*
13983(either 16 or 32 based on graphics IP and the stage) which can be
13984written from a command buffer and then loaded into SGPRs when waves are
13985launched via a subsequent dispatch or draw operation. This is the way
13986most arguments are passed from the application/runtime to a hardware
13987shader.
13988
13989PAL abstracts this functionality by exposing a set of 128 *user data
13990entries* per pipeline a client can use to pass arguments from a command
13991buffer to one or more shaders in that pipeline. The ELF code object must
13992specify a mapping from virtualized *user data entries* to physical *user
13993data registers*, and PAL is responsible for implementing that mapping,
13994including spilling overflow *user data entries* to memory if needed.
13995
13996Since the *user data registers* are GRBM-accessible SPI registers, this
13997mapping is actually embedded in the ``.registers`` metadata entry. For
13998most registers, the value in that map is a literal 32-bit value that
13999should be written to the register by the driver. However, when the
14000register is a *user data register* (any USER_DATA register e.g.,
14001SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_5), the value is instead an encoding that tells
14002the driver to write either a *user data entry* value or one of several
14003driver-internal values to the register. This encoding is described in
14004the following table:
14005
14006.. note::
14007
14008  Currently, *user data registers* 0 and 1 (e.g., SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_0,
14009  and SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_1) are reserved. *User data register* 0 must
14010  always be programmed to the address of the GlobalTable, and *user data
14011  register* 1 must always be programmed to the address of the PerShaderTable.
14012
14013..
14014
14015  .. table:: AMDPAL User Data Mapping
14016     :name: amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-mapping-table
14017
14018     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14019     Value       Name               Description
14020     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14021     0..127      *User Data Entry*  32-bit value of user_data_entry[N] as specified via *CmdSetUserData()*
14022     0x10000000  GlobalTable        32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the global internal table (should
14023                                    always point to *user data register* 0).
14024     0x10000001  PerShaderTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader internal table. See
14025                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section`
14026                                    for more detail (should always point to *user data register* 1).
14027     0x10000002  SpillTable         32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the user data spill table. See
14028                                    :ref:`amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section` for
14029                                    more detail.
14030     0x10000003  BaseVertex         Vertex offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Not needed if the pipeline doesn't
14031                                    reference the draw index in the vertex shader. Only supported by the first
14032                                    stage in a graphics pipeline.
14033     0x10000004  BaseInstance       Instance offset (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in
14034                                    a graphics pipeline.
14035     0x10000005  DrawIndex          Draw index (32-bit unsigned integer). Only supported by the first stage in a
14036                                    graphics pipeline.
14037     0x10000006  Workgroup          Thread group count (32-bit unsigned integer). Low half of a 64-bit address of
14038                                    a buffer containing the grid dimensions for a Compute dispatch operation. The
14039                                    high half of the address is stored in the next sequential user-SGPR. Only
14040                                    supported by compute pipelines.
14041     0x1000000A  EsGsLdsSize        Indicates that PAL will program this user-SGPR to contain the amount of LDS
14042                                    space used for the ES/GS pseudo-ring-buffer for passing data between shader
14043                                    stages.
14044     0x1000000B  ViewId             View id (32-bit unsigned integer) identifies a view of graphic
14045                                    pipeline instancing.
14046     0x1000000C  StreamOutTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the stream out target SRD table.  This
14047                                    can only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14048     0x1000000D  PerShaderPerfData  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the per-shader performance data buffer.
14049     0x1000000F  VertexBufferTable  32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the vertex buffer SRD table.  This can
14050                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline.
14051     0x10000010  UavExportTable     32-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the UAV export SRD table.  This can
14052                                    only appear for one shader stage per pipeline (PS). These replace color targets
14053                                    and are completely separate from any UAVs used by the shader. This is optional,
14054                                    and only used by the PS when UAV exports are used to replace color-target
14055                                    exports to optimize specific shaders.
14056     0x10000011  NggCullingData     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the hardware register data needed by
14057                                    some NGG pipelines to perform culling.  This value contains the address of the
14058                                    first of two consecutive registers which provide the full GPU address.
14059     0x10000015  FetchShaderPtr     64-bit pointer to GPU memory containing the fetch shader subroutine.
14060     ==========  =================  ===============================================================================
14061
14062.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-per-shader-table-section:
14063
14064Per-Shader Table
14065################
14066
14067Low 32 bits of the GPU address for an optional buffer in the ``.data``
14068section of the ELF. The high 32 bits of the address match the high 32 bits
14069of the shader's program counter.
14070
14071The buffer can be anything the shader compiler needs it for, and
14072allows each shader to have its own region of the ``.data`` section.
14073Typically, this could be a table of buffer SRD's and the data pointed to
14074by the buffer SRD's, but it could be a flat-address region of memory as
14075well. Its layout and usage are defined by the shader compiler.
14076
14077Each shader's table in the ``.data`` section is referenced by the symbol
14078``_amdgpu_``\ *xs*\ ``_shdr_intrl_data``  where *xs* corresponds with the
14079hardware shader stage the data is for. E.g.,
14080``_amdgpu_cs_shdr_intrl_data`` for the compute shader hardware stage.
14081
14082.. _amdgpu-amdpal-code-object-metadata-user-data-spill-table-section:
14083
14084Spill Table
14085###########
14086
14087It is possible for a hardware shader to need access to more *user data
14088entries* than there are slots available in user data registers for one
14089or more hardware shader stages. In that case, the PAL runtime expects
14090the necessary *user data entries* to be spilled to GPU memory and use
14091one user data register to point to the spilled user data memory. The
14092value of the *user data entry* must then represent the location where
14093a shader expects to read the low 32-bits of the table's GPU virtual
14094address. The *spill table* itself represents a set of 32-bit values
14095managed by the PAL runtime in GPU-accessible memory that can be made
14096indirectly accessible to a hardware shader.
14097
14098Unspecified OS
14099--------------
14100
14101This section provides code conventions used when the target triple OS is
14102empty (see :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples`).
14103
14104Trap Handler ABI
14105~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14106
14107For code objects generated by AMDGPU backend for non-amdhsa OS, the runtime does
14108not install a trap handler. The ``llvm.trap`` and ``llvm.debugtrap``
14109instructions are handled as follows:
14110
14111  .. table:: AMDGPU Trap Handler for Non-AMDHSA OS
14112     :name: amdgpu-trap-handler-for-non-amdhsa-os-table
14113
14114     =============== =============== ===========================================
14115     Usage           Code Sequence   Description
14116     =============== =============== ===========================================
14117     llvm.trap       s_endpgm        Causes wavefront to be terminated.
14118     llvm.debugtrap  *none*          Compiler warning given that there is no
14119                                     trap handler installed.
14120     =============== =============== ===========================================
14121
14122Source Languages
14123================
14124
14125.. _amdgpu-opencl:
14126
14127OpenCL
14128------
14129
14130When the language is OpenCL the following differences occur:
14131
141321. The OpenCL memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
141332. The AMDGPU backend appends additional arguments to the kernel's explicit
14134   arguments for the AMDHSA OS (see
14135   :ref:`opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table`).
141363. Additional metadata is generated
14137   (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata`).
14138
14139  .. table:: OpenCL kernel implicit arguments appended for AMDHSA OS
14140     :name: opencl-kernel-implicit-arguments-appended-for-amdhsa-os-table
14141
14142     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14143     Position Byte Byte      Description
14144              Size Alignment
14145     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14146     1        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset X
14147     2        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Y
14148     3        8    8         OpenCL Global Offset Z
14149     4        8    8         OpenCL address of printf buffer
14150     5        8    8         OpenCL address of virtual queue used by
14151                             enqueue_kernel.
14152     6        8    8         OpenCL address of AqlWrap struct used by
14153                             enqueue_kernel.
14154     7        8    8         Pointer argument used for Multi-gird
14155                             synchronization.
14156     ======== ==== ========= ===========================================
14157
14158.. _amdgpu-hcc:
14159
14160HCC
14161---
14162
14163When the language is HCC the following differences occur:
14164
141651. The HSA memory model is used (see :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-memory-model`).
14166
14167.. _amdgpu-assembler:
14168
14169Assembler
14170---------
14171
14172AMDGPU backend has LLVM-MC based assembler which is currently in development.
14173It supports AMDGCN GFX6-GFX10.
14174
14175This section describes general syntax for instructions and operands.
14176
14177Instructions
14178~~~~~~~~~~~~
14179
14180An instruction has the following :doc:`syntax<AMDGPUInstructionSyntax>`:
14181
14182  | ``<``\ *opcode*\ ``> <``\ *operand0*\ ``>, <``\ *operand1*\ ``>,...
14183    <``\ *modifier0*\ ``> <``\ *modifier1*\ ``>...``
14184
14185:doc:`Operands<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>` are comma-separated while
14186:doc:`modifiers<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>` are space-separated.
14187
14188The order of operands and modifiers is fixed.
14189Most modifiers are optional and may be omitted.
14190
14191Links to detailed instruction syntax description may be found in the following
14192table. Note that features under development are not included
14193in this description.
14194
14195    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14196    Architecture  Core ISA                                      ISA Variants and Extensions
14197    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14198    GCN 2         :doc:`GFX7<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX7>`             \-
14199    GCN 3, GCN 4  :doc:`GFX8<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX8>`             \-
14200    GCN 5         :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx900<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14201
14202                                                                :doc:`gfx902<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14203
14204                                                                :doc:`gfx904<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX904>`
14205
14206                                                                :doc:`gfx906<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX906>`
14207
14208                                                                :doc:`gfx909<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX900>`
14209
14210    CDNA 1        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx908<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX908>`
14211    CDNA 2        :doc:`GFX9<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX9>`             :doc:`gfx90a<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX90a>`
14212    RDNA 1        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA1<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`     :doc:`gfx1010<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX10>`
14213
14214                                                                :doc:`gfx1011<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14215
14216                                                                :doc:`gfx1012<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1011>`
14217
14218                                                                :doc:`gfx1013<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1013>`
14219
14220    RDNA 2        :doc:`GFX10 RDNA2<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`   :doc:`gfx1030<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14221
14222                                                                :doc:`gfx1031<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14223
14224                                                                :doc:`gfx1032<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14225
14226                                                                :doc:`gfx1033<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14227
14228                                                                :doc:`gfx1034<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14229
14230                                                                :doc:`gfx1035<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14231
14232                                                                :doc:`gfx1036<AMDGPU/AMDGPUAsmGFX1030>`
14233    ============= ============================================= =======================================
14234
14235For more information about instructions, their semantics and supported
14236combinations of operands, refer to one of instruction set architecture manuals
14237[AMD-GCN-GFX6]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX7]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX8]_,
14238[AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM]_,
14239[AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2]_, [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1]_ and
14240[AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2]_.
14241
14242Operands
14243~~~~~~~~
14244
14245Detailed description of operands may be found :doc:`here<AMDGPUOperandSyntax>`.
14246
14247Modifiers
14248~~~~~~~~~
14249
14250Detailed description of modifiers may be found
14251:doc:`here<AMDGPUModifierSyntax>`.
14252
14253Instruction Examples
14254~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14255
14256DS
14257++
14258
14259.. code-block:: nasm
14260
14261  ds_add_u32 v2, v4 offset:16
14262  ds_write_src2_b64 v2 offset0:4 offset1:8
14263  ds_cmpst_f32 v2, v4, v6
14264  ds_min_rtn_f64 v[8:9], v2, v[4:5]
14265
14266For full list of supported instructions, refer to "LDS/GDS instructions" in ISA
14267Manual.
14268
14269FLAT
14270++++
14271
14272.. code-block:: nasm
14273
14274  flat_load_dword v1, v[3:4]
14275  flat_store_dwordx3 v[3:4], v[5:7]
14276  flat_atomic_swap v1, v[3:4], v5 glc
14277  flat_atomic_cmpswap v1, v[3:4], v[5:6] glc slc
14278  flat_atomic_fmax_x2 v[1:2], v[3:4], v[5:6] glc
14279
14280For full list of supported instructions, refer to "FLAT instructions" in ISA
14281Manual.
14282
14283MUBUF
14284+++++
14285
14286.. code-block:: nasm
14287
14288  buffer_load_dword v1, off, s[4:7], s1
14289  buffer_store_dwordx4 v[1:4], v2, ttmp[4:7], s1 offen offset:4 glc tfe
14290  buffer_store_format_xy v[1:2], off, s[4:7], s1
14291  buffer_wbinvl1
14292  buffer_atomic_inc v1, v2, s[8:11], s4 idxen offset:4 slc
14293
14294For full list of supported instructions, refer to "MUBUF Instructions" in ISA
14295Manual.
14296
14297SMRD/SMEM
14298+++++++++
14299
14300.. code-block:: nasm
14301
14302  s_load_dword s1, s[2:3], 0xfc
14303  s_load_dwordx8 s[8:15], s[2:3], s4
14304  s_load_dwordx16 s[88:103], s[2:3], s4
14305  s_dcache_inv_vol
14306  s_memtime s[4:5]
14307
14308For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Scalar Memory Operations" in
14309ISA Manual.
14310
14311SOP1
14312++++
14313
14314.. code-block:: nasm
14315
14316  s_mov_b32 s1, s2
14317  s_mov_b64 s[0:1], 0x80000000
14318  s_cmov_b32 s1, 200
14319  s_wqm_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14320  s_bcnt0_i32_b64 s1, s[2:3]
14321  s_swappc_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5]
14322  s_cbranch_join s[4:5]
14323
14324For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP1 Instructions" in ISA
14325Manual.
14326
14327SOP2
14328++++
14329
14330.. code-block:: nasm
14331
14332  s_add_u32 s1, s2, s3
14333  s_and_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s[6:7]
14334  s_cselect_b32 s1, s2, s3
14335  s_andn2_b32 s2, s4, s6
14336  s_lshr_b64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14337  s_ashr_i32 s2, s4, s6
14338  s_bfm_b64 s[2:3], s4, s6
14339  s_bfe_i64 s[2:3], s[4:5], s6
14340  s_cbranch_g_fork s[4:5], s[6:7]
14341
14342For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOP2 Instructions" in ISA
14343Manual.
14344
14345SOPC
14346++++
14347
14348.. code-block:: nasm
14349
14350  s_cmp_eq_i32 s1, s2
14351  s_bitcmp1_b32 s1, s2
14352  s_bitcmp0_b64 s[2:3], s4
14353  s_setvskip s3, s5
14354
14355For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPC Instructions" in ISA
14356Manual.
14357
14358SOPP
14359++++
14360
14361.. code-block:: nasm
14362
14363  s_barrier
14364  s_nop 2
14365  s_endpgm
14366  s_waitcnt 0 ; Wait for all counters to be 0
14367  s_waitcnt vmcnt(0) & expcnt(0) & lgkmcnt(0) ; Equivalent to above
14368  s_waitcnt vmcnt(1) ; Wait for vmcnt counter to be 1.
14369  s_sethalt 9
14370  s_sleep 10
14371  s_sendmsg 0x1
14372  s_sendmsg sendmsg(MSG_INTERRUPT)
14373  s_trap 1
14374
14375For full list of supported instructions, refer to "SOPP Instructions" in ISA
14376Manual.
14377
14378Unless otherwise mentioned, little verification is performed on the operands
14379of SOPP Instructions, so it is up to the programmer to be familiar with the
14380range or acceptable values.
14381
14382VALU
14383++++
14384
14385For vector ALU instruction opcodes (VOP1, VOP2, VOP3, VOPC, VOP_DPP, VOP_SDWA),
14386the assembler will automatically use optimal encoding based on its operands. To
14387force specific encoding, one can add a suffix to the opcode of the instruction:
14388
14389* _e32 for 32-bit VOP1/VOP2/VOPC
14390* _e64 for 64-bit VOP3
14391* _dpp for VOP_DPP
14392* _sdwa for VOP_SDWA
14393
14394VOP1/VOP2/VOP3/VOPC examples:
14395
14396.. code-block:: nasm
14397
14398  v_mov_b32 v1, v2
14399  v_mov_b32_e32 v1, v2
14400  v_nop
14401  v_cvt_f64_i32_e32 v[1:2], v2
14402  v_floor_f32_e32 v1, v2
14403  v_bfrev_b32_e32 v1, v2
14404  v_add_f32_e32 v1, v2, v3
14405  v_mul_i32_i24_e64 v1, v2, 3
14406  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -3, v3
14407  v_mul_i32_i24_e32 v1, -100, v3
14408  v_addc_u32 v1, s[0:1], v2, v3, s[2:3]
14409  v_max_f16_e32 v1, v2, v3
14410
14411VOP_DPP examples:
14412
14413.. code-block:: nasm
14414
14415  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[0,2,1,1]
14416  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14417  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 wave_shl:1
14418  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_mirror
14419  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 row_bcast:31
14420  v_mov_b32 v0, v0 quad_perm:[1,3,0,1] row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14421  v_add_f32 v0, v0, |v0| row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14422  v_max_f16 v1, v2, v3 row_shl:1 row_mask:0xa bank_mask:0x1 bound_ctrl:0
14423
14424VOP_SDWA examples:
14425
14426.. code-block:: nasm
14427
14428  v_mov_b32 v1, v2 dst_sel:BYTE_0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PRESERVE src0_sel:DWORD
14429  v_min_u32 v200, v200, v1 dst_sel:WORD_1 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:BYTE_1 src1_sel:DWORD
14430  v_sin_f32 v0, v0 dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14431  v_fract_f32 v0, |v0| dst_sel:DWORD dst_unused:UNUSED_PAD src0_sel:WORD_1
14432  v_cmpx_le_u32 vcc, v1, v2 src0_sel:BYTE_2 src1_sel:WORD_0
14433
14434For full list of supported instructions, refer to "Vector ALU instructions".
14435
14436.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v2:
14437
14438Code Object V2 Predefined Symbols
14439~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14440
14441.. warning::
14442  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14443  this version of LLVM.
14444
14445The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14446symbols do not affect code generation.
14447
14448.option.machine_version_major
14449+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14450
14451Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14452example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14453value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14454:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14455
14456.option.machine_version_minor
14457+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14458
14459Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14460example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14461value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14462:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14463
14464.option.machine_version_stepping
14465++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14466
14467Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14468For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14469integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14470in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14471
14472.kernel.vgpr_count
14473++++++++++++++++++
14474
14475Set to zero each time a
14476:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14477encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14478than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14479instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that VGPR number plus
14480one.
14481
14482.kernel.sgpr_count
14483++++++++++++++++++
14484
14485Set to zero each time a
14486:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel` directive is
14487encountered. At each instruction, if the current value of this symbol is less
14488than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced within that
14489instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal that SGPR number plus
14490one.
14491
14492.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v2:
14493
14494Code Object V2 Directives
14495~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14496
14497.. warning::
14498  Code object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14499  this version of LLVM.
14500
14501AMDGPU ABI defines auxiliary data in output code object. In assembly source,
14502one can specify them with assembler directives.
14503
14504.hsa_code_object_version major, minor
14505+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14506
14507*major* and *minor* are integers that specify the version of the HSA code
14508object that will be generated by the assembler.
14509
14510.hsa_code_object_isa [major, minor, stepping, vendor, arch]
14511+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14512
14513
14514*major*, *minor*, and *stepping* are all integers that describe the instruction
14515set architecture (ISA) version of the assembly program.
14516
14517*vendor* and *arch* are quoted strings. *vendor* should always be equal to
14518"AMD" and *arch* should always be equal to "AMDGPU".
14519
14520By default, the assembler will derive the ISA version, *vendor*, and *arch*
14521from the value of the -mcpu option that is passed to the assembler.
14522
14523.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directive-amdgpu_hsa_kernel:
14524
14525.amdgpu_hsa_kernel (name)
14526+++++++++++++++++++++++++
14527
14528This directives specifies that the symbol with given name is a kernel entry
14529point (label) and the object should contain corresponding symbol of type
14530STT_AMDGPU_HSA_KERNEL.
14531
14532.amd_kernel_code_t
14533++++++++++++++++++
14534
14535This directive marks the beginning of a list of key / value pairs that are used
14536to specify the amd_kernel_code_t object that will be emitted by the assembler.
14537The list must be terminated by the *.end_amd_kernel_code_t* directive. For any
14538amd_kernel_code_t values that are unspecified a default value will be used. The
14539default value for all keys is 0, with the following exceptions:
14540
14541- *amd_code_version_major* defaults to 1.
14542- *amd_kernel_code_version_minor* defaults to 2.
14543- *amd_machine_kind* defaults to 1.
14544- *amd_machine_version_major*, *machine_version_minor*, and
14545  *amd_machine_version_stepping* are derived from the value of the -mcpu option
14546  that is passed to the assembler.
14547- *kernel_code_entry_byte_offset* defaults to 256.
14548- *wavefront_size* defaults 6 for all targets before GFX10. For GFX10 onwards
14549  defaults to 6 if target feature ``wavefrontsize64`` is enabled, otherwise 5.
14550  Note that wavefront size is specified as a power of two, so a value of **n**
14551  means a size of 2^ **n**.
14552- *call_convention* defaults to -1.
14553- *kernarg_segment_alignment*, *group_segment_alignment*, and
14554  *private_segment_alignment* default to 4. Note that alignments are specified
14555  as a power of 2, so a value of **n** means an alignment of 2^ **n**.
14556- *enable_tg_split* defaults to 1 if target feature ``tgsplit`` is enabled for
14557  GFX90A onwards.
14558- *enable_wgp_mode* defaults to 1 if target feature ``cumode`` is disabled for
14559  GFX10 onwards.
14560- *enable_mem_ordered* defaults to 1 for GFX10 onwards.
14561
14562The *.amd_kernel_code_t* directive must be placed immediately after the
14563function label and before any instructions.
14564
14565For a full list of amd_kernel_code_t keys, refer to AMDGPU ABI document,
14566comments in lib/Target/AMDGPU/AmdKernelCodeT.h and test/CodeGen/AMDGPU/hsa.s.
14567
14568.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v2:
14569
14570Code Object V2 Example Source Code
14571~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14572
14573.. warning::
14574  Code Object V2 is not the default code object version emitted by
14575  this version of LLVM.
14576
14577Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14578
14579.. code::
14580   :number-lines:
14581
14582   .hsa_code_object_version 1,0
14583   .hsa_code_object_isa
14584
14585   .hsatext
14586   .globl  hello_world
14587   .p2align 8
14588   .amdgpu_hsa_kernel hello_world
14589
14590   hello_world:
14591
14592      .amd_kernel_code_t
14593         enable_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr = 1
14594         is_ptr64 = 1
14595         compute_pgm_rsrc1_vgprs = 0
14596         compute_pgm_rsrc1_sgprs = 0
14597         compute_pgm_rsrc2_user_sgpr = 2
14598         compute_pgm_rsrc1_wgp_mode = 0
14599         compute_pgm_rsrc1_mem_ordered = 0
14600         compute_pgm_rsrc1_fwd_progress = 1
14601     .end_amd_kernel_code_t
14602
14603     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14604     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14605     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14606     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14607     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14608     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14609     s_endpgm
14610   .Lfunc_end0:
14611        .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14612
14613.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-predefined-symbols-v3-onwards:
14614
14615Code Object V3 and Above Predefined Symbols
14616~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14617
14618The AMDGPU assembler defines and updates some symbols automatically. These
14619symbols do not affect code generation.
14620
14621.amdgcn.gfx_generation_number
14622+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14623
14624Set to the GFX major generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14625example, when assembling for a "GFX9" target this will be set to the integer
14626value "9". The possible GFX major generation numbers are presented in
14627:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14628
14629.amdgcn.gfx_generation_minor
14630++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14631
14632Set to the GFX minor generation number of the target being assembled for. For
14633example, when assembling for a "GFX810" target this will be set to the integer
14634value "1". The possible GFX minor generation numbers are presented in
14635:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14636
14637.amdgcn.gfx_generation_stepping
14638+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14639
14640Set to the GFX stepping generation number of the target being assembled for.
14641For example, when assembling for a "GFX704" target this will be set to the
14642integer value "4". The possible GFX stepping generation numbers are presented
14643in :ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14644
14645.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr:
14646
14647.amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14648++++++++++++++++++++++
14649
14650Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14651of this symbol is less than or equal to the maximum VGPR number explicitly
14652referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14653that VGPR number plus one.
14654
14655May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr` directive in
14656:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14657
14658May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14659
14660.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr:
14661
14662.amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14663++++++++++++++++++++++
14664
14665Set to zero before assembly begins. At each instruction, if the current value
14666of this symbol is less than or equal the maximum SGPR number explicitly
14667referenced within that instruction then the symbol value is updated to equal
14668that SGPR number plus one.
14669
14670May be used to set the `.amdhsa_next_free_spgr` directive in
14671:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`.
14672
14673May be set at any time, e.g. manually set to zero at the start of each kernel.
14674
14675.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-directives-v3-onwards:
14676
14677Code Object V3 and Above Directives
14678~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14679
14680Directives which begin with ``.amdgcn`` are valid for all ``amdgcn``
14681architecture processors, and are not OS-specific. Directives which begin with
14682``.amdhsa`` are specific to ``amdgcn`` architecture processors when the
14683``amdhsa`` OS is specified. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and
14684:ref:`amdgpu-processors`.
14685
14686.. _amdgpu-assembler-directive-amdgcn-target:
14687
14688.amdgcn_target <target-triple> "-" <target-id>
14689++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
14690
14691Optional directive which declares the ``<target-triple>-<target-id>`` supported
14692by the containing assembler source file. Used by the assembler to validate
14693command-line options such as ``-triple``, ``-mcpu``, and
14694``--offload-arch=<target-id>``. A non-canonical target ID is allowed. See
14695:ref:`amdgpu-target-triples` and :ref:`amdgpu-target-id`.
14696
14697.. note::
14698
14699  The target ID syntax used for code object V2 to V3 for this directive differs
14700  from that used elsewhere. See :ref:`amdgpu-target-id-v2-v3`.
14701
14702.amdhsa_kernel <name>
14703+++++++++++++++++++++
14704
14705Creates a correctly aligned AMDHSA kernel descriptor and a symbol,
14706``<name>.kd``, in the current location of the current section. Only valid when
14707the OS is ``amdhsa``. ``<name>`` must be a symbol that labels the first
14708instruction to execute, and does not need to be previously defined.
14709
14710Marks the beginning of a list of directives used to generate the bytes of a
14711kernel descriptor, as described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`.
14712Directives which may appear in this list are described in
14713:ref:`amdhsa-kernel-directives-table`. Directives may appear in any order, must
14714be valid for the target being assembled for, and cannot be repeated. Directives
14715support the range of values specified by the field they reference in
14716:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor`. If a directive is not specified, it is
14717assumed to have its default value, unless it is marked as "Required", in which
14718case it is an error to omit the directive. This list of directives is
14719terminated by an ``.end_amdhsa_kernel`` directive.
14720
14721  .. table:: AMDHSA Kernel Assembler Directives
14722     :name: amdhsa-kernel-directives-table
14723
14724     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14725     Directive                                                Default             Supported On Description
14726     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14727     ``.amdhsa_group_segment_fixed_size``                     0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls GROUP_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14728                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14729     ``.amdhsa_private_segment_fixed_size``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls PRIVATE_SEGMENT_FIXED_SIZE in
14730                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14731     ``.amdhsa_kernarg_size``                                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls KERNARG_SIZE in
14732                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14733     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_count``                              0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls USER_SGPR_COUNT in COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2
14734                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`
14735     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_buffer``             0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_BUFFER in
14736                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14737                                                                                  GFX940)
14738     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_ptr``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR in
14739                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14740     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_queue_ptr``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_QUEUE_PTR in
14741                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14742     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr``                0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_KERNARG_SEGMENT_PTR in
14743                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14744     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_dispatch_id``                        0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_ID in
14745                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14746     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_flat_scratch_init``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_FLAT_SCRATCH_INIT in
14747                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14748                                                                                  GFX940)
14749     ``.amdhsa_user_sgpr_private_segment_size``               0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_SIZE in
14750                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14751     ``.amdhsa_wavefront_size32``                             Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32 in
14752                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14753                                                              Specific
14754                                                              (wavefrontsize64)
14755     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_private_segment_wavefront_offset`` 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14756                                                                                  (except      :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14757                                                                                  GFX940)
14758     ``.amdhsa_enable_private_segment``                       0                   GFX940       Controls ENABLE_PRIVATE_SEGMENT in
14759                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14760     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_x``                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_X in
14761                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14762     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_y``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Y in
14763                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14764     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_id_z``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_ID_Z in
14765                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14766     ``.amdhsa_system_sgpr_workgroup_info``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_SGPR_WORKGROUP_INFO in
14767                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14768     ``.amdhsa_system_vgpr_workitem_id``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_VGPR_WORKITEM_ID in
14769                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14770                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14771                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-system-vgpr-work-item-id-enumeration-values-table`.
14772     ``.amdhsa_next_free_vgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum VGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14773                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WORKITEM_VGPR_COUNT in
14774                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14775     ``.amdhsa_next_free_sgpr``                               Required            GFX6-GFX10   Maximum SGPR number explicitly referenced, plus one.
14776                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14777                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14778     ``.amdhsa_accum_offset``                                 Required            GFX90A,      Offset of a first AccVGPR in the unified register file.
14779                                                                                  GFX940       Used to calculate ACCUM_OFFSET in
14780                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14781     ``.amdhsa_reserve_vcc``                                  1                   GFX6-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use the special VCC SGPR.
14782                                                                                               Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14783                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14784     ``.amdhsa_reserve_flat_scratch``                         1                   GFX7-GFX10   Whether the kernel may use flat instructions to access
14785                                                                                  (except      scratch memory. Used to calculate
14786                                                                                  GFX940)      GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14787                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14788     ``.amdhsa_reserve_xnack_mask``                           Target              GFX8-GFX10   Whether the kernel may trigger XNACK replay.
14789                                                              Feature                          Used to calculate GRANULATED_WAVEFRONT_SGPR_COUNT in
14790                                                              Specific                         :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14791                                                              (xnack)
14792     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_32``                          0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_32 in
14793                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14794                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14795                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14796     ``.amdhsa_float_round_mode_16_64``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_ROUND_MODE_16_64 in
14797                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14798                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14799                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-rounding-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14800     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_32``                         0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_32 in
14801                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14802                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14803                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14804     ``.amdhsa_float_denorm_mode_16_64``                      3                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls FLOAT_DENORM_MODE_16_64 in
14805                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14806                                                                                               Possible values are defined in
14807                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-floating-point-denorm-mode-enumeration-values-table`.
14808     ``.amdhsa_dx10_clamp``                                   1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_DX10_CLAMP in
14809                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14810     ``.amdhsa_ieee_mode``                                    1                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_IEEE_MODE in
14811                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14812     ``.amdhsa_fp16_overflow``                                0                   GFX9-GFX10   Controls FP16_OVFL in
14813                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14814     ``.amdhsa_tg_split``                                     Target              GFX90A,      Controls TG_SPLIT in
14815                                                              Feature             GFX940       :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx90a-table`.
14816                                                              Specific
14817                                                              (tgsplit)
14818     ``.amdhsa_workgroup_processor_mode``                     Target              GFX10        Controls ENABLE_WGP_MODE in
14819                                                              Feature                          :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-kernel-descriptor-v3-table`.
14820                                                              Specific
14821                                                              (cumode)
14822     ``.amdhsa_memory_ordered``                               1                   GFX10        Controls MEM_ORDERED in
14823                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14824     ``.amdhsa_forward_progress``                             0                   GFX10        Controls FWD_PROGRESS in
14825                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc1-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14826     ``.amdhsa_shared_vgpr_count``                            0                   GFX10        Controls SHARED_VGPR_COUNT in
14827                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc3-gfx10-table`.
14828     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_invalid_op``                 0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INVALID_OPERATION in
14829                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14830     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_denorm_src``                      0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_FP_DENORMAL_SOURCE in
14831                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14832     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_div_zero``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_DIVISION_BY_ZERO in
14833                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14834     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_overflow``                   0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_OVERFLOW in
14835                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14836     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_underflow``                  0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_UNDERFLOW in
14837                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14838     ``.amdhsa_exception_fp_ieee_inexact``                    0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_IEEE_754_FP_INEXACT in
14839                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14840     ``.amdhsa_exception_int_div_zero``                       0                   GFX6-GFX10   Controls ENABLE_EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO in
14841                                                                                               :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-compute_pgm_rsrc2-gfx6-gfx10-table`.
14842     ======================================================== =================== ============ ===================
14843
14844.amdgpu_metadata
14845++++++++++++++++
14846
14847Optional directive which declares the contents of the ``NT_AMDGPU_METADATA``
14848note record (see :ref:`amdgpu-elf-note-records-table-v3-onwards`).
14849
14850The contents must be in the [YAML]_ markup format, with the same structure and
14851semantics described in :ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v3`,
14852:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v4` or
14853:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-code-object-metadata-v5`.
14854
14855This directive is terminated by an ``.end_amdgpu_metadata`` directive.
14856
14857.. _amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-example-v3-onwards:
14858
14859Code Object V3 and Above Example Source Code
14860~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14861
14862Here is an example of a minimal assembly source file, defining one HSA kernel:
14863
14864.. code::
14865   :number-lines:
14866
14867   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14868
14869   .text
14870   .globl hello_world
14871   .p2align 8
14872   .type hello_world,@function
14873   hello_world:
14874     s_load_dwordx2 s[0:1], s[0:1] 0x0
14875     v_mov_b32 v0, 3.14159
14876     s_waitcnt lgkmcnt(0)
14877     v_mov_b32 v1, s0
14878     v_mov_b32 v2, s1
14879     flat_store_dword v[1:2], v0
14880     s_endpgm
14881   .Lfunc_end0:
14882     .size   hello_world, .Lfunc_end0-hello_world
14883
14884   .rodata
14885   .p2align 6
14886   .amdhsa_kernel hello_world
14887     .amdhsa_user_sgpr_kernarg_segment_ptr 1
14888     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14889     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14890   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14891
14892   .amdgpu_metadata
14893   ---
14894   amdhsa.version:
14895     - 1
14896     - 0
14897   amdhsa.kernels:
14898     - .name: hello_world
14899       .symbol: hello_world.kd
14900       .kernarg_segment_size: 48
14901       .group_segment_fixed_size: 0
14902       .private_segment_fixed_size: 0
14903       .kernarg_segment_align: 4
14904       .wavefront_size: 64
14905       .sgpr_count: 2
14906       .vgpr_count: 3
14907       .max_flat_workgroup_size: 256
14908       .args:
14909         - .size: 8
14910           .offset: 0
14911           .value_kind: global_buffer
14912           .address_space: global
14913           .actual_access: write_only
14914   //...
14915   .end_amdgpu_metadata
14916
14917This kernel is equivalent to the following HIP program:
14918
14919.. code::
14920   :number-lines:
14921
14922   __global__ void hello_world(float *p) {
14923       *p = 3.14159f;
14924   }
14925
14926If an assembly source file contains multiple kernels and/or functions, the
14927:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_vgpr` and
14928:ref:`amdgpu-amdhsa-assembler-symbol-next_free_sgpr` symbols may be reset using
14929the ``.set <symbol>, <expression>`` directive. For example, in the case of two
14930kernels, where ``function1`` is only called from ``kernel1`` it is sufficient
14931to group the function with the kernel that calls it and reset the symbols
14932between the two connected components:
14933
14934.. code::
14935   :number-lines:
14936
14937   .amdgcn_target "amdgcn-amd-amdhsa--gfx900+xnack" // optional
14938
14939   // gpr tracking symbols are implicitly set to zero
14940
14941   .text
14942   .globl kern0
14943   .p2align 8
14944   .type kern0,@function
14945   kern0:
14946     // ...
14947     s_endpgm
14948   .Lkern0_end:
14949     .size   kern0, .Lkern0_end-kern0
14950
14951   .rodata
14952   .p2align 6
14953   .amdhsa_kernel kern0
14954     // ...
14955     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14956     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14957   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14958
14959   // reset symbols to begin tracking usage in func1 and kern1
14960   .set .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr, 0
14961   .set .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr, 0
14962
14963   .text
14964   .hidden func1
14965   .global func1
14966   .p2align 2
14967   .type func1,@function
14968   func1:
14969     // ...
14970     s_setpc_b64 s[30:31]
14971   .Lfunc1_end:
14972   .size func1, .Lfunc1_end-func1
14973
14974   .globl kern1
14975   .p2align 8
14976   .type kern1,@function
14977   kern1:
14978     // ...
14979     s_getpc_b64 s[4:5]
14980     s_add_u32 s4, s4, func1@rel32@lo+4
14981     s_addc_u32 s5, s5, func1@rel32@lo+4
14982     s_swappc_b64 s[30:31], s[4:5]
14983     // ...
14984     s_endpgm
14985   .Lkern1_end:
14986     .size   kern1, .Lkern1_end-kern1
14987
14988   .rodata
14989   .p2align 6
14990   .amdhsa_kernel kern1
14991     // ...
14992     .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
14993     .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
14994   .end_amdhsa_kernel
14995
14996These symbols cannot identify connected components in order to automatically
14997track the usage for each kernel. However, in some cases careful organization of
14998the kernels and functions in the source file means there is minimal additional
14999effort required to accurately calculate GPR usage.
15000
15001Additional Documentation
15002========================
15003
15004.. [AMD-GCN-GFX6] `AMD Southern Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/12/AMD_Southern_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15005.. [AMD-GCN-GFX7] `AMD Sea Islands Series ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/07/AMD_Sea_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`_
15006.. [AMD-GCN-GFX8] `AMD GCN3 Instruction Set Architecture <http://amd-dev.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf>`__
15007.. [AMD-GCN-GFX900-GFX904-VEGA] `AMD Vega Instruction Set Architecture <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/Vega_Shader_ISA_28July2017.pdf>`__
15008.. [AMD-GCN-GFX906-VEGA7NM] `AMD Vega 7nm Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Vega_7nm_Shader_ISA_26November2019.pdf>`__
15009.. [AMD-GCN-GFX908-CDNA1] `AMD Instinct MI100 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA1_Shader_ISA_14December2020.pdf>`__
15010.. [AMD-GCN-GFX90A-CDNA2] `AMD Instinct MI200 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA2_Shader_ISA_4February2022.pdf>`__
15011.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA1] `AMD RDNA 1.0 Instruction Set Architecture <https://gpuopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/RDNA_Shader_ISA_5August2019.pdf>`__
15012.. [AMD-GCN-GFX10-RDNA2] `AMD RDNA 2 Instruction Set Architecture <https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/RDNA2_Shader_ISA_November2020.pdf>`__
15013.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-2000-3000] `AMD R6xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R600_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15014.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-4000] `AMD R7xx shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R700-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15015.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-5000] `AMD Evergreen shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_Evergreen-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15016.. [AMD-RADEON-HD-6000] `AMD Cayman/Trinity shader ISA <http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_HD_6900_Series_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf>`__
15017.. [AMD-ROCm] `AMD ROCm™ Platform <https://rocmdocs.amd.com/>`__
15018.. [AMD-ROCm-github] `AMD ROCm™ github <http://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute>`__
15019.. [AMD-ROCm-Release-Notes] `AMD ROCm Release Notes <https://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm>`__
15020.. [CLANG-ATTR] `Attributes in Clang <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html>`__
15021.. [DWARF] `DWARF Debugging Information Format <http://dwarfstd.org/>`__
15022.. [ELF] `Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) <http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/>`__
15023.. [HRF] `Heterogeneous-race-free Memory Models <http://benedictgaster.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/asplos269-FINAL.pdf>`__
15024.. [HSA] `Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) Foundation <http://www.hsafoundation.com/>`__
15025.. [MsgPack] `Message Pack <http://www.msgpack.org/>`__
15026.. [OpenCL] `The OpenCL Specification Version 2.0 <http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/specs/opencl-2.0.pdf>`__
15027.. [SEMVER] `Semantic Versioning <https://semver.org/>`__
15028.. [YAML] `YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2 <http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html>`__
15029