1 //===-- DynamicLoaderMacOS.cpp --------------------------------------------===// 2 // 3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. 4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. 5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception 6 // 7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 8 9 #include "lldb/Breakpoint/StoppointCallbackContext.h" 10 #include "lldb/Core/Debugger.h" 11 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h" 12 #include "lldb/Core/PluginManager.h" 13 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h" 14 #include "lldb/Symbol/ObjectFile.h" 15 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolVendor.h" 16 #include "lldb/Target/ABI.h" 17 #include "lldb/Target/SectionLoadList.h" 18 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h" 19 #include "lldb/Target/Target.h" 20 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h" 21 #include "lldb/Utility/LLDBLog.h" 22 #include "lldb/Utility/Log.h" 23 #include "lldb/Utility/State.h" 24 25 #include "DynamicLoaderDarwin.h" 26 #include "DynamicLoaderMacOS.h" 27 28 #include "Plugins/TypeSystem/Clang/TypeSystemClang.h" 29 30 using namespace lldb; 31 using namespace lldb_private; 32 33 // Create an instance of this class. This function is filled into the plugin 34 // info class that gets handed out by the plugin factory and allows the lldb to 35 // instantiate an instance of this class. 36 DynamicLoader *DynamicLoaderMacOS::CreateInstance(Process *process, 37 bool force) { 38 bool create = force; 39 if (!create) { 40 create = true; 41 Module *exe_module = process->GetTarget().GetExecutableModulePointer(); 42 if (exe_module) { 43 ObjectFile *object_file = exe_module->GetObjectFile(); 44 if (object_file) { 45 create = (object_file->GetStrata() == ObjectFile::eStrataUser); 46 } 47 } 48 49 if (create) { 50 const llvm::Triple &triple_ref = 51 process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetTriple(); 52 switch (triple_ref.getOS()) { 53 case llvm::Triple::Darwin: 54 case llvm::Triple::MacOSX: 55 case llvm::Triple::IOS: 56 case llvm::Triple::TvOS: 57 case llvm::Triple::WatchOS: 58 // NEED_BRIDGEOS_TRIPLE case llvm::Triple::BridgeOS: 59 create = triple_ref.getVendor() == llvm::Triple::Apple; 60 break; 61 default: 62 create = false; 63 break; 64 } 65 } 66 } 67 68 if (!UseDYLDSPI(process)) { 69 create = false; 70 } 71 72 if (create) 73 return new DynamicLoaderMacOS(process); 74 return nullptr; 75 } 76 77 // Constructor 78 DynamicLoaderMacOS::DynamicLoaderMacOS(Process *process) 79 : DynamicLoaderDarwin(process), m_image_infos_stop_id(UINT32_MAX), 80 m_break_id(LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID), 81 m_dyld_handover_break_id(LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID), m_mutex(), 82 m_maybe_image_infos_address(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {} 83 84 // Destructor 85 DynamicLoaderMacOS::~DynamicLoaderMacOS() { 86 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_break_id)) 87 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_break_id); 88 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_dyld_handover_break_id)) 89 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_dyld_handover_break_id); 90 } 91 92 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::ProcessDidExec() { 93 std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> baseclass_guard(GetMutex()); 94 bool did_exec = false; 95 if (m_process) { 96 // If we are stopped after an exec, we will have only one thread... 97 if (m_process->GetThreadList().GetSize() == 1) { 98 // Maybe we still have an image infos address around? If so see 99 // if that has changed, and if so we have exec'ed. 100 if (m_maybe_image_infos_address != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) { 101 lldb::addr_t image_infos_address = m_process->GetImageInfoAddress(); 102 if (image_infos_address != m_maybe_image_infos_address) { 103 // We don't really have to reset this here, since we are going to 104 // call DoInitialImageFetch right away to handle the exec. But in 105 // case anybody looks at it in the meantime, it can't hurt. 106 m_maybe_image_infos_address = image_infos_address; 107 did_exec = true; 108 } 109 } 110 111 if (!did_exec) { 112 // See if we are stopped at '_dyld_start' 113 ThreadSP thread_sp(m_process->GetThreadList().GetThreadAtIndex(0)); 114 if (thread_sp) { 115 lldb::StackFrameSP frame_sp(thread_sp->GetStackFrameAtIndex(0)); 116 if (frame_sp) { 117 const Symbol *symbol = 118 frame_sp->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextSymbol).symbol; 119 if (symbol) { 120 if (symbol->GetName() == "_dyld_start") 121 did_exec = true; 122 } 123 } 124 } 125 } 126 } 127 } 128 129 if (did_exec) { 130 m_libpthread_module_wp.reset(); 131 m_pthread_getspecific_addr.Clear(); 132 } 133 return did_exec; 134 } 135 136 // Clear out the state of this class. 137 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::DoClear() { 138 std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(m_mutex); 139 140 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_break_id)) 141 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_break_id); 142 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_dyld_handover_break_id)) 143 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_dyld_handover_break_id); 144 145 m_break_id = LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID; 146 m_dyld_handover_break_id = LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID; 147 } 148 149 // Check if we have found DYLD yet 150 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::DidSetNotificationBreakpoint() { 151 return LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_break_id); 152 } 153 154 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::ClearNotificationBreakpoint() { 155 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_break_id)) { 156 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_break_id); 157 m_break_id = LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID; 158 } 159 } 160 161 // Try and figure out where dyld is by first asking the Process if it knows 162 // (which currently calls down in the lldb::Process to get the DYLD info 163 // (available on SnowLeopard only). If that fails, then check in the default 164 // addresses. 165 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::DoInitialImageFetch() { 166 Log *log = GetLog(LLDBLog::DynamicLoader); 167 168 // Remove any binaries we pre-loaded in the Target before 169 // launching/attaching. If the same binaries are present in the process, 170 // we'll get them from the shared module cache, we won't need to re-load them 171 // from disk. 172 UnloadAllImages(); 173 174 StructuredData::ObjectSP all_image_info_json_sp( 175 m_process->GetLoadedDynamicLibrariesInfos()); 176 ImageInfo::collection image_infos; 177 if (all_image_info_json_sp.get() && 178 all_image_info_json_sp->GetAsDictionary() && 179 all_image_info_json_sp->GetAsDictionary()->HasKey("images") && 180 all_image_info_json_sp->GetAsDictionary() 181 ->GetValueForKey("images") 182 ->GetAsArray()) { 183 if (JSONImageInformationIntoImageInfo(all_image_info_json_sp, 184 image_infos)) { 185 LLDB_LOGF(log, "Initial module fetch: Adding %" PRId64 " modules.\n", 186 (uint64_t)image_infos.size()); 187 188 UpdateSpecialBinariesFromNewImageInfos(image_infos); 189 AddModulesUsingImageInfos(image_infos); 190 } 191 } 192 193 m_dyld_image_infos_stop_id = m_process->GetStopID(); 194 m_maybe_image_infos_address = m_process->GetImageInfoAddress(); 195 } 196 197 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::NeedToDoInitialImageFetch() { return true; } 198 199 // Static callback function that gets called when our DYLD notification 200 // breakpoint gets hit. We update all of our image infos and then let our super 201 // class DynamicLoader class decide if we should stop or not (based on global 202 // preference). 203 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::NotifyBreakpointHit(void *baton, 204 StoppointCallbackContext *context, 205 lldb::user_id_t break_id, 206 lldb::user_id_t break_loc_id) { 207 // Let the event know that the images have changed 208 // DYLD passes three arguments to the notification breakpoint. 209 // Arg1: enum dyld_notify_mode mode - 0 = adding, 1 = removing, 2 = remove 210 // all Arg2: unsigned long icount - Number of shared libraries 211 // added/removed Arg3: uint64_t mach_headers[] - Array of load addresses 212 // of binaries added/removed 213 214 DynamicLoaderMacOS *dyld_instance = (DynamicLoaderMacOS *)baton; 215 216 ExecutionContext exe_ctx(context->exe_ctx_ref); 217 Process *process = exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr(); 218 219 // This is a sanity check just in case this dyld_instance is an old dyld 220 // plugin's breakpoint still lying around. 221 if (process != dyld_instance->m_process) 222 return false; 223 224 if (dyld_instance->m_image_infos_stop_id != UINT32_MAX && 225 process->GetStopID() < dyld_instance->m_image_infos_stop_id) { 226 return false; 227 } 228 229 const lldb::ABISP &abi = process->GetABI(); 230 if (abi) { 231 // Build up the value array to store the three arguments given above, then 232 // get the values from the ABI: 233 234 TypeSystemClang *clang_ast_context = 235 ScratchTypeSystemClang::GetForTarget(process->GetTarget()); 236 if (!clang_ast_context) 237 return false; 238 239 ValueList argument_values; 240 241 Value mode_value; // enum dyld_notify_mode { dyld_notify_adding=0, 242 // dyld_notify_removing=1, dyld_notify_remove_all=2 }; 243 Value count_value; // unsigned long count 244 Value headers_value; // uint64_t machHeaders[] (aka void*) 245 246 CompilerType clang_void_ptr_type = 247 clang_ast_context->GetBasicType(eBasicTypeVoid).GetPointerType(); 248 CompilerType clang_uint32_type = 249 clang_ast_context->GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize( 250 lldb::eEncodingUint, 32); 251 CompilerType clang_uint64_type = 252 clang_ast_context->GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize( 253 lldb::eEncodingUint, 32); 254 255 mode_value.SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar); 256 mode_value.SetCompilerType(clang_uint32_type); 257 258 if (process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize() == 4) { 259 count_value.SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar); 260 count_value.SetCompilerType(clang_uint32_type); 261 } else { 262 count_value.SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar); 263 count_value.SetCompilerType(clang_uint64_type); 264 } 265 266 headers_value.SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar); 267 headers_value.SetCompilerType(clang_void_ptr_type); 268 269 argument_values.PushValue(mode_value); 270 argument_values.PushValue(count_value); 271 argument_values.PushValue(headers_value); 272 273 if (abi->GetArgumentValues(exe_ctx.GetThreadRef(), argument_values)) { 274 uint32_t dyld_mode = 275 argument_values.GetValueAtIndex(0)->GetScalar().UInt(-1); 276 if (dyld_mode != static_cast<uint32_t>(-1)) { 277 // Okay the mode was right, now get the number of elements, and the 278 // array of new elements... 279 uint32_t image_infos_count = 280 argument_values.GetValueAtIndex(1)->GetScalar().UInt(-1); 281 if (image_infos_count != static_cast<uint32_t>(-1)) { 282 addr_t header_array = 283 argument_values.GetValueAtIndex(2)->GetScalar().ULongLong(-1); 284 if (header_array != static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) { 285 std::vector<addr_t> image_load_addresses; 286 for (uint64_t i = 0; i < image_infos_count; i++) { 287 Status error; 288 addr_t addr = process->ReadUnsignedIntegerFromMemory( 289 header_array + (8 * i), 8, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, error); 290 if (addr != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) { 291 image_load_addresses.push_back(addr); 292 } 293 } 294 if (dyld_mode == 0) { 295 // dyld_notify_adding 296 if (process->GetTarget().GetImages().GetSize() == 0) { 297 // When all images have been removed, we're doing the 298 // dyld handover from a launch-dyld to a shared-cache-dyld, 299 // and we've just hit our one-shot address breakpoint in 300 // the sc-dyld. Note that the image addresses passed to 301 // this function are inferior sizeof(void*) not uint64_t's 302 // like our normal notification, so don't even look at 303 // image_load_addresses. 304 305 dyld_instance->ClearDYLDHandoverBreakpoint(); 306 307 dyld_instance->DoInitialImageFetch(); 308 dyld_instance->SetNotificationBreakpoint(); 309 } else { 310 dyld_instance->AddBinaries(image_load_addresses); 311 } 312 } else if (dyld_mode == 1) { 313 // dyld_notify_removing 314 dyld_instance->UnloadImages(image_load_addresses); 315 } else if (dyld_mode == 2) { 316 // dyld_notify_remove_all 317 dyld_instance->UnloadAllImages(); 318 } else if (dyld_mode == 3 && image_infos_count == 1) { 319 // dyld_image_dyld_moved 320 321 dyld_instance->ClearNotificationBreakpoint(); 322 dyld_instance->UnloadAllImages(); 323 dyld_instance->ClearDYLDModule(); 324 process->GetTarget().GetImages().Clear(); 325 process->GetTarget().GetSectionLoadList().Clear(); 326 327 addr_t all_image_infos = process->GetImageInfoAddress(); 328 int addr_size = 329 process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(); 330 addr_t notification_location = all_image_infos + 331 4 + // version 332 4 + // infoArrayCount 333 addr_size; // infoArray 334 Status error; 335 addr_t notification_addr = 336 process->ReadPointerFromMemory(notification_location, error); 337 if (ABISP abi_sp = process->GetABI()) 338 notification_addr = abi_sp->FixCodeAddress (notification_addr); 339 340 dyld_instance->SetDYLDHandoverBreakpoint(notification_addr); 341 } 342 } 343 } 344 } 345 } 346 } else { 347 Target &target = process->GetTarget(); 348 Debugger::ReportWarning( 349 "no ABI plugin located for triple " + 350 target.GetArchitecture().GetTriple().getTriple() + 351 ": shared libraries will not be registered", 352 target.GetDebugger().GetID()); 353 } 354 355 // Return true to stop the target, false to just let the target run 356 return dyld_instance->GetStopWhenImagesChange(); 357 } 358 359 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::AddBinaries( 360 const std::vector<lldb::addr_t> &load_addresses) { 361 Log *log = GetLog(LLDBLog::DynamicLoader); 362 ImageInfo::collection image_infos; 363 364 LLDB_LOGF(log, "Adding %" PRId64 " modules.", 365 (uint64_t)load_addresses.size()); 366 StructuredData::ObjectSP binaries_info_sp = 367 m_process->GetLoadedDynamicLibrariesInfos(load_addresses); 368 if (binaries_info_sp.get() && binaries_info_sp->GetAsDictionary() && 369 binaries_info_sp->GetAsDictionary()->HasKey("images") && 370 binaries_info_sp->GetAsDictionary() 371 ->GetValueForKey("images") 372 ->GetAsArray() && 373 binaries_info_sp->GetAsDictionary() 374 ->GetValueForKey("images") 375 ->GetAsArray() 376 ->GetSize() == load_addresses.size()) { 377 if (JSONImageInformationIntoImageInfo(binaries_info_sp, image_infos)) { 378 UpdateSpecialBinariesFromNewImageInfos(image_infos); 379 AddModulesUsingImageInfos(image_infos); 380 } 381 m_dyld_image_infos_stop_id = m_process->GetStopID(); 382 } 383 } 384 385 // Dump the _dyld_all_image_infos members and all current image infos that we 386 // have parsed to the file handle provided. 387 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::PutToLog(Log *log) const { 388 if (log == nullptr) 389 return; 390 } 391 392 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::SetNotificationBreakpoint() { 393 if (m_break_id == LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID) { 394 ModuleSP dyld_sp(GetDYLDModule()); 395 if (dyld_sp) { 396 bool internal = true; 397 bool hardware = false; 398 LazyBool skip_prologue = eLazyBoolNo; 399 FileSpecList *source_files = nullptr; 400 FileSpecList dyld_filelist; 401 dyld_filelist.Append(dyld_sp->GetFileSpec()); 402 403 Breakpoint *breakpoint = 404 m_process->GetTarget() 405 .CreateBreakpoint(&dyld_filelist, source_files, 406 "_dyld_debugger_notification", 407 eFunctionNameTypeFull, eLanguageTypeC, 0, 408 skip_prologue, internal, hardware) 409 .get(); 410 breakpoint->SetCallback(DynamicLoaderMacOS::NotifyBreakpointHit, this, 411 true); 412 breakpoint->SetBreakpointKind("shared-library-event"); 413 m_break_id = breakpoint->GetID(); 414 } 415 } 416 return m_break_id != LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID; 417 } 418 419 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::SetDYLDHandoverBreakpoint(addr_t notification_address) { 420 if (m_dyld_handover_break_id == LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID) { 421 BreakpointSP dyld_handover_bp = 422 m_process->GetTarget().CreateBreakpoint(notification_address, true, 423 false); 424 dyld_handover_bp->SetCallback( 425 DynamicLoaderMacOS::NotifyBreakpointHit, this, true); 426 dyld_handover_bp->SetOneShot(true); 427 m_dyld_handover_break_id = dyld_handover_bp->GetID(); 428 return true; 429 } 430 return false; 431 } 432 433 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::ClearDYLDHandoverBreakpoint() { 434 if (LLDB_BREAK_ID_IS_VALID(m_dyld_handover_break_id)) 435 m_process->GetTarget().RemoveBreakpointByID(m_dyld_handover_break_id); 436 m_dyld_handover_break_id = LLDB_INVALID_BREAK_ID; 437 } 438 439 440 addr_t 441 DynamicLoaderMacOS::GetDyldLockVariableAddressFromModule(Module *module) { 442 SymbolContext sc; 443 Target &target = m_process->GetTarget(); 444 if (Symtab *symtab = module->GetSymtab()) { 445 std::vector<uint32_t> match_indexes; 446 ConstString g_symbol_name("_dyld_global_lock_held"); 447 uint32_t num_matches = 0; 448 num_matches = 449 symtab->AppendSymbolIndexesWithName(g_symbol_name, match_indexes); 450 if (num_matches == 1) { 451 Symbol *symbol = symtab->SymbolAtIndex(match_indexes[0]); 452 if (symbol && 453 (symbol->ValueIsAddress() || symbol->GetAddressRef().IsValid())) { 454 return symbol->GetAddressRef().GetOpcodeLoadAddress(&target); 455 } 456 } 457 } 458 return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS; 459 } 460 461 // Look for this symbol: 462 // 463 // int __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) _dyld_global_lock_held = 464 // 0; 465 // 466 // in libdyld.dylib. 467 Status DynamicLoaderMacOS::CanLoadImage() { 468 Status error; 469 addr_t symbol_address = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS; 470 ConstString g_libdyld_name("libdyld.dylib"); 471 Target &target = m_process->GetTarget(); 472 const ModuleList &target_modules = target.GetImages(); 473 std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(target_modules.GetMutex()); 474 475 // Find any modules named "libdyld.dylib" and look for the symbol there first 476 for (ModuleSP module_sp : target.GetImages().ModulesNoLocking()) { 477 if (module_sp) { 478 if (module_sp->GetFileSpec().GetFilename() == g_libdyld_name) { 479 symbol_address = GetDyldLockVariableAddressFromModule(module_sp.get()); 480 if (symbol_address != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) 481 break; 482 } 483 } 484 } 485 486 // Search through all modules looking for the symbol in them 487 if (symbol_address == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) { 488 for (ModuleSP module_sp : target.GetImages().Modules()) { 489 if (module_sp) { 490 addr_t symbol_address = 491 GetDyldLockVariableAddressFromModule(module_sp.get()); 492 if (symbol_address != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) 493 break; 494 } 495 } 496 } 497 498 // Default assumption is that it is OK to load images. Only say that we 499 // cannot load images if we find the symbol in libdyld and it indicates that 500 // we cannot. 501 502 if (symbol_address != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) { 503 { 504 int lock_held = 505 m_process->ReadUnsignedIntegerFromMemory(symbol_address, 4, 0, error); 506 if (lock_held != 0) { 507 error.SetErrorString("dyld lock held - unsafe to load images."); 508 } 509 } 510 } else { 511 // If we were unable to find _dyld_global_lock_held in any modules, or it 512 // is not loaded into memory yet, we may be at process startup (sitting at 513 // _dyld_start) - so we should not allow dlopen calls. But if we found more 514 // than one module then we are clearly past _dyld_start so in that case 515 // we'll default to "it's safe". 516 if (target.GetImages().GetSize() <= 1) 517 error.SetErrorString("could not find the dyld library or " 518 "the dyld lock symbol"); 519 } 520 return error; 521 } 522 523 bool DynamicLoaderMacOS::GetSharedCacheInformation( 524 lldb::addr_t &base_address, UUID &uuid, LazyBool &using_shared_cache, 525 LazyBool &private_shared_cache) { 526 base_address = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS; 527 uuid.Clear(); 528 using_shared_cache = eLazyBoolCalculate; 529 private_shared_cache = eLazyBoolCalculate; 530 531 if (m_process) { 532 StructuredData::ObjectSP info = m_process->GetSharedCacheInfo(); 533 StructuredData::Dictionary *info_dict = nullptr; 534 if (info.get() && info->GetAsDictionary()) { 535 info_dict = info->GetAsDictionary(); 536 } 537 538 // {"shared_cache_base_address":140735683125248,"shared_cache_uuid 539 // ":"DDB8D70C- 540 // C9A2-3561-B2C8-BE48A4F33F96","no_shared_cache":false,"shared_cache_private_cache":false} 541 542 if (info_dict && info_dict->HasKey("shared_cache_uuid") && 543 info_dict->HasKey("no_shared_cache") && 544 info_dict->HasKey("shared_cache_base_address")) { 545 base_address = info_dict->GetValueForKey("shared_cache_base_address") 546 ->GetIntegerValue(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS); 547 std::string uuid_str = std::string( 548 info_dict->GetValueForKey("shared_cache_uuid")->GetStringValue()); 549 if (!uuid_str.empty()) 550 uuid.SetFromStringRef(uuid_str); 551 if (!info_dict->GetValueForKey("no_shared_cache")->GetBooleanValue()) 552 using_shared_cache = eLazyBoolYes; 553 else 554 using_shared_cache = eLazyBoolNo; 555 if (info_dict->GetValueForKey("shared_cache_private_cache") 556 ->GetBooleanValue()) 557 private_shared_cache = eLazyBoolYes; 558 else 559 private_shared_cache = eLazyBoolNo; 560 561 return true; 562 } 563 } 564 return false; 565 } 566 567 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::Initialize() { 568 PluginManager::RegisterPlugin(GetPluginNameStatic(), 569 GetPluginDescriptionStatic(), CreateInstance); 570 } 571 572 void DynamicLoaderMacOS::Terminate() { 573 PluginManager::UnregisterPlugin(CreateInstance); 574 } 575 576 llvm::StringRef DynamicLoaderMacOS::GetPluginDescriptionStatic() { 577 return "Dynamic loader plug-in that watches for shared library loads/unloads " 578 "in MacOSX user processes."; 579 } 580