1 //===-- DWARFExpression.cpp -----------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "lldb/Expression/DWARFExpression.h"
10 
11 #include <cinttypes>
12 
13 #include <vector>
14 
15 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
16 #include "lldb/Core/Value.h"
17 #include "lldb/Core/dwarf.h"
18 #include "lldb/Utility/DataEncoder.h"
19 #include "lldb/Utility/LLDBLog.h"
20 #include "lldb/Utility/Log.h"
21 #include "lldb/Utility/RegisterValue.h"
22 #include "lldb/Utility/Scalar.h"
23 #include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
24 #include "lldb/Utility/VMRange.h"
25 
26 #include "lldb/Host/Host.h"
27 #include "lldb/Utility/Endian.h"
28 
29 #include "lldb/Symbol/Function.h"
30 
31 #include "lldb/Target/ABI.h"
32 #include "lldb/Target/ExecutionContext.h"
33 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
34 #include "lldb/Target/RegisterContext.h"
35 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
36 #include "lldb/Target/StackID.h"
37 #include "lldb/Target/Target.h"
38 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
39 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugLoc.h"
40 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFExpression.h"
41 
42 #include "Plugins/SymbolFile/DWARF/DWARFUnit.h"
43 
44 using namespace lldb;
45 using namespace lldb_private;
46 using namespace lldb_private::dwarf;
47 
48 static lldb::addr_t
49 ReadAddressFromDebugAddrSection(const DWARFUnit *dwarf_cu,
50                                 uint32_t index) {
51   uint32_t index_size = dwarf_cu->GetAddressByteSize();
52   dw_offset_t addr_base = dwarf_cu->GetAddrBase();
53   lldb::offset_t offset = addr_base + index * index_size;
54   const DWARFDataExtractor &data =
55       dwarf_cu->GetSymbolFileDWARF().GetDWARFContext().getOrLoadAddrData();
56   if (data.ValidOffsetForDataOfSize(offset, index_size))
57     return data.GetMaxU64_unchecked(&offset, index_size);
58   return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
59 }
60 
61 // DWARFExpression constructor
62 DWARFExpression::DWARFExpression() : m_module_wp(), m_data() {}
63 
64 DWARFExpression::DWARFExpression(lldb::ModuleSP module_sp,
65                                  const DataExtractor &data,
66                                  const DWARFUnit *dwarf_cu)
67     : m_module_wp(), m_data(data), m_dwarf_cu(dwarf_cu) {
68   if (module_sp)
69     m_module_wp = module_sp;
70 }
71 
72 // Destructor
73 DWARFExpression::~DWARFExpression() = default;
74 
75 bool DWARFExpression::IsValid() const { return m_data.GetByteSize() > 0; }
76 
77 void DWARFExpression::UpdateValue(uint64_t const_value,
78                                   lldb::offset_t const_value_byte_size,
79                                   uint8_t addr_byte_size) {
80   if (!const_value_byte_size)
81     return;
82 
83   m_data.SetData(
84       DataBufferSP(new DataBufferHeap(&const_value, const_value_byte_size)));
85   m_data.SetByteOrder(endian::InlHostByteOrder());
86   m_data.SetAddressByteSize(addr_byte_size);
87 }
88 
89 void DWARFExpression::DumpLocation(Stream *s, const DataExtractor &data,
90                                    lldb::DescriptionLevel level,
91                                    ABI *abi) const {
92   llvm::DWARFExpression(data.GetAsLLVM(), data.GetAddressByteSize())
93       .print(s->AsRawOstream(), llvm::DIDumpOptions(),
94              abi ? &abi->GetMCRegisterInfo() : nullptr, nullptr);
95 }
96 
97 void DWARFExpression::SetLocationListAddresses(addr_t cu_file_addr,
98                                                addr_t func_file_addr) {
99   m_loclist_addresses = LoclistAddresses{cu_file_addr, func_file_addr};
100 }
101 
102 int DWARFExpression::GetRegisterKind() { return m_reg_kind; }
103 
104 void DWARFExpression::SetRegisterKind(RegisterKind reg_kind) {
105   m_reg_kind = reg_kind;
106 }
107 
108 bool DWARFExpression::IsLocationList() const {
109   return bool(m_loclist_addresses);
110 }
111 
112 namespace {
113 /// Implement enough of the DWARFObject interface in order to be able to call
114 /// DWARFLocationTable::dumpLocationList. We don't have access to a real
115 /// DWARFObject here because DWARFExpression is used in non-DWARF scenarios too.
116 class DummyDWARFObject final: public llvm::DWARFObject {
117 public:
118   DummyDWARFObject(bool IsLittleEndian) : IsLittleEndian(IsLittleEndian) {}
119 
120   bool isLittleEndian() const override { return IsLittleEndian; }
121 
122   llvm::Optional<llvm::RelocAddrEntry> find(const llvm::DWARFSection &Sec,
123                                             uint64_t Pos) const override {
124     return llvm::None;
125   }
126 private:
127   bool IsLittleEndian;
128 };
129 }
130 
131 void DWARFExpression::GetDescription(Stream *s, lldb::DescriptionLevel level,
132                                      ABI *abi) const {
133   if (IsLocationList()) {
134     // We have a location list
135     lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
136     std::unique_ptr<llvm::DWARFLocationTable> loctable_up =
137         m_dwarf_cu->GetLocationTable(m_data);
138 
139     llvm::MCRegisterInfo *MRI = abi ? &abi->GetMCRegisterInfo() : nullptr;
140     llvm::DIDumpOptions DumpOpts;
141     DumpOpts.RecoverableErrorHandler = [&](llvm::Error E) {
142       s->AsRawOstream() << "error: " << toString(std::move(E));
143     };
144     loctable_up->dumpLocationList(
145         &offset, s->AsRawOstream(),
146         llvm::object::SectionedAddress{m_loclist_addresses->cu_file_addr}, MRI,
147         DummyDWARFObject(m_data.GetByteOrder() == eByteOrderLittle), nullptr,
148         DumpOpts, s->GetIndentLevel() + 2);
149   } else {
150     // We have a normal location that contains DW_OP location opcodes
151     DumpLocation(s, m_data, level, abi);
152   }
153 }
154 
155 static bool ReadRegisterValueAsScalar(RegisterContext *reg_ctx,
156                                       lldb::RegisterKind reg_kind,
157                                       uint32_t reg_num, Status *error_ptr,
158                                       Value &value) {
159   if (reg_ctx == nullptr) {
160     if (error_ptr)
161       error_ptr->SetErrorString("No register context in frame.\n");
162   } else {
163     uint32_t native_reg =
164         reg_ctx->ConvertRegisterKindToRegisterNumber(reg_kind, reg_num);
165     if (native_reg == LLDB_INVALID_REGNUM) {
166       if (error_ptr)
167         error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat("Unable to convert register "
168                                             "kind=%u reg_num=%u to a native "
169                                             "register number.\n",
170                                             reg_kind, reg_num);
171     } else {
172       const RegisterInfo *reg_info =
173           reg_ctx->GetRegisterInfoAtIndex(native_reg);
174       RegisterValue reg_value;
175       if (reg_ctx->ReadRegister(reg_info, reg_value)) {
176         if (reg_value.GetScalarValue(value.GetScalar())) {
177           value.SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar);
178           value.SetContext(Value::ContextType::RegisterInfo,
179                            const_cast<RegisterInfo *>(reg_info));
180           if (error_ptr)
181             error_ptr->Clear();
182           return true;
183         } else {
184           // If we get this error, then we need to implement a value buffer in
185           // the dwarf expression evaluation function...
186           if (error_ptr)
187             error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
188                 "register %s can't be converted to a scalar value",
189                 reg_info->name);
190         }
191       } else {
192         if (error_ptr)
193           error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat("register %s is not available",
194                                               reg_info->name);
195       }
196     }
197   }
198   return false;
199 }
200 
201 /// Return the length in bytes of the set of operands for \p op. No guarantees
202 /// are made on the state of \p data after this call.
203 static offset_t GetOpcodeDataSize(const DataExtractor &data,
204                                   const lldb::offset_t data_offset,
205                                   const uint8_t op) {
206   lldb::offset_t offset = data_offset;
207   switch (op) {
208   case DW_OP_addr:
209   case DW_OP_call_ref: // 0x9a 1 address sized offset of DIE (DWARF3)
210     return data.GetAddressByteSize();
211 
212   // Opcodes with no arguments
213   case DW_OP_deref:                // 0x06
214   case DW_OP_dup:                  // 0x12
215   case DW_OP_drop:                 // 0x13
216   case DW_OP_over:                 // 0x14
217   case DW_OP_swap:                 // 0x16
218   case DW_OP_rot:                  // 0x17
219   case DW_OP_xderef:               // 0x18
220   case DW_OP_abs:                  // 0x19
221   case DW_OP_and:                  // 0x1a
222   case DW_OP_div:                  // 0x1b
223   case DW_OP_minus:                // 0x1c
224   case DW_OP_mod:                  // 0x1d
225   case DW_OP_mul:                  // 0x1e
226   case DW_OP_neg:                  // 0x1f
227   case DW_OP_not:                  // 0x20
228   case DW_OP_or:                   // 0x21
229   case DW_OP_plus:                 // 0x22
230   case DW_OP_shl:                  // 0x24
231   case DW_OP_shr:                  // 0x25
232   case DW_OP_shra:                 // 0x26
233   case DW_OP_xor:                  // 0x27
234   case DW_OP_eq:                   // 0x29
235   case DW_OP_ge:                   // 0x2a
236   case DW_OP_gt:                   // 0x2b
237   case DW_OP_le:                   // 0x2c
238   case DW_OP_lt:                   // 0x2d
239   case DW_OP_ne:                   // 0x2e
240   case DW_OP_lit0:                 // 0x30
241   case DW_OP_lit1:                 // 0x31
242   case DW_OP_lit2:                 // 0x32
243   case DW_OP_lit3:                 // 0x33
244   case DW_OP_lit4:                 // 0x34
245   case DW_OP_lit5:                 // 0x35
246   case DW_OP_lit6:                 // 0x36
247   case DW_OP_lit7:                 // 0x37
248   case DW_OP_lit8:                 // 0x38
249   case DW_OP_lit9:                 // 0x39
250   case DW_OP_lit10:                // 0x3A
251   case DW_OP_lit11:                // 0x3B
252   case DW_OP_lit12:                // 0x3C
253   case DW_OP_lit13:                // 0x3D
254   case DW_OP_lit14:                // 0x3E
255   case DW_OP_lit15:                // 0x3F
256   case DW_OP_lit16:                // 0x40
257   case DW_OP_lit17:                // 0x41
258   case DW_OP_lit18:                // 0x42
259   case DW_OP_lit19:                // 0x43
260   case DW_OP_lit20:                // 0x44
261   case DW_OP_lit21:                // 0x45
262   case DW_OP_lit22:                // 0x46
263   case DW_OP_lit23:                // 0x47
264   case DW_OP_lit24:                // 0x48
265   case DW_OP_lit25:                // 0x49
266   case DW_OP_lit26:                // 0x4A
267   case DW_OP_lit27:                // 0x4B
268   case DW_OP_lit28:                // 0x4C
269   case DW_OP_lit29:                // 0x4D
270   case DW_OP_lit30:                // 0x4E
271   case DW_OP_lit31:                // 0x4f
272   case DW_OP_reg0:                 // 0x50
273   case DW_OP_reg1:                 // 0x51
274   case DW_OP_reg2:                 // 0x52
275   case DW_OP_reg3:                 // 0x53
276   case DW_OP_reg4:                 // 0x54
277   case DW_OP_reg5:                 // 0x55
278   case DW_OP_reg6:                 // 0x56
279   case DW_OP_reg7:                 // 0x57
280   case DW_OP_reg8:                 // 0x58
281   case DW_OP_reg9:                 // 0x59
282   case DW_OP_reg10:                // 0x5A
283   case DW_OP_reg11:                // 0x5B
284   case DW_OP_reg12:                // 0x5C
285   case DW_OP_reg13:                // 0x5D
286   case DW_OP_reg14:                // 0x5E
287   case DW_OP_reg15:                // 0x5F
288   case DW_OP_reg16:                // 0x60
289   case DW_OP_reg17:                // 0x61
290   case DW_OP_reg18:                // 0x62
291   case DW_OP_reg19:                // 0x63
292   case DW_OP_reg20:                // 0x64
293   case DW_OP_reg21:                // 0x65
294   case DW_OP_reg22:                // 0x66
295   case DW_OP_reg23:                // 0x67
296   case DW_OP_reg24:                // 0x68
297   case DW_OP_reg25:                // 0x69
298   case DW_OP_reg26:                // 0x6A
299   case DW_OP_reg27:                // 0x6B
300   case DW_OP_reg28:                // 0x6C
301   case DW_OP_reg29:                // 0x6D
302   case DW_OP_reg30:                // 0x6E
303   case DW_OP_reg31:                // 0x6F
304   case DW_OP_nop:                  // 0x96
305   case DW_OP_push_object_address:  // 0x97 DWARF3
306   case DW_OP_form_tls_address:     // 0x9b DWARF3
307   case DW_OP_call_frame_cfa:       // 0x9c DWARF3
308   case DW_OP_stack_value:          // 0x9f DWARF4
309   case DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address: // 0xe0 GNU extension
310     return 0;
311 
312   // Opcodes with a single 1 byte arguments
313   case DW_OP_const1u:     // 0x08 1 1-byte constant
314   case DW_OP_const1s:     // 0x09 1 1-byte constant
315   case DW_OP_pick:        // 0x15 1 1-byte stack index
316   case DW_OP_deref_size:  // 0x94 1 1-byte size of data retrieved
317   case DW_OP_xderef_size: // 0x95 1 1-byte size of data retrieved
318     return 1;
319 
320   // Opcodes with a single 2 byte arguments
321   case DW_OP_const2u: // 0x0a 1 2-byte constant
322   case DW_OP_const2s: // 0x0b 1 2-byte constant
323   case DW_OP_skip:    // 0x2f 1 signed 2-byte constant
324   case DW_OP_bra:     // 0x28 1 signed 2-byte constant
325   case DW_OP_call2:   // 0x98 1 2-byte offset of DIE (DWARF3)
326     return 2;
327 
328   // Opcodes with a single 4 byte arguments
329   case DW_OP_const4u: // 0x0c 1 4-byte constant
330   case DW_OP_const4s: // 0x0d 1 4-byte constant
331   case DW_OP_call4:   // 0x99 1 4-byte offset of DIE (DWARF3)
332     return 4;
333 
334   // Opcodes with a single 8 byte arguments
335   case DW_OP_const8u: // 0x0e 1 8-byte constant
336   case DW_OP_const8s: // 0x0f 1 8-byte constant
337     return 8;
338 
339   // All opcodes that have a single ULEB (signed or unsigned) argument
340   case DW_OP_addrx:           // 0xa1 1 ULEB128 index
341   case DW_OP_constu:          // 0x10 1 ULEB128 constant
342   case DW_OP_consts:          // 0x11 1 SLEB128 constant
343   case DW_OP_plus_uconst:     // 0x23 1 ULEB128 addend
344   case DW_OP_breg0:           // 0x70 1 ULEB128 register
345   case DW_OP_breg1:           // 0x71 1 ULEB128 register
346   case DW_OP_breg2:           // 0x72 1 ULEB128 register
347   case DW_OP_breg3:           // 0x73 1 ULEB128 register
348   case DW_OP_breg4:           // 0x74 1 ULEB128 register
349   case DW_OP_breg5:           // 0x75 1 ULEB128 register
350   case DW_OP_breg6:           // 0x76 1 ULEB128 register
351   case DW_OP_breg7:           // 0x77 1 ULEB128 register
352   case DW_OP_breg8:           // 0x78 1 ULEB128 register
353   case DW_OP_breg9:           // 0x79 1 ULEB128 register
354   case DW_OP_breg10:          // 0x7a 1 ULEB128 register
355   case DW_OP_breg11:          // 0x7b 1 ULEB128 register
356   case DW_OP_breg12:          // 0x7c 1 ULEB128 register
357   case DW_OP_breg13:          // 0x7d 1 ULEB128 register
358   case DW_OP_breg14:          // 0x7e 1 ULEB128 register
359   case DW_OP_breg15:          // 0x7f 1 ULEB128 register
360   case DW_OP_breg16:          // 0x80 1 ULEB128 register
361   case DW_OP_breg17:          // 0x81 1 ULEB128 register
362   case DW_OP_breg18:          // 0x82 1 ULEB128 register
363   case DW_OP_breg19:          // 0x83 1 ULEB128 register
364   case DW_OP_breg20:          // 0x84 1 ULEB128 register
365   case DW_OP_breg21:          // 0x85 1 ULEB128 register
366   case DW_OP_breg22:          // 0x86 1 ULEB128 register
367   case DW_OP_breg23:          // 0x87 1 ULEB128 register
368   case DW_OP_breg24:          // 0x88 1 ULEB128 register
369   case DW_OP_breg25:          // 0x89 1 ULEB128 register
370   case DW_OP_breg26:          // 0x8a 1 ULEB128 register
371   case DW_OP_breg27:          // 0x8b 1 ULEB128 register
372   case DW_OP_breg28:          // 0x8c 1 ULEB128 register
373   case DW_OP_breg29:          // 0x8d 1 ULEB128 register
374   case DW_OP_breg30:          // 0x8e 1 ULEB128 register
375   case DW_OP_breg31:          // 0x8f 1 ULEB128 register
376   case DW_OP_regx:            // 0x90 1 ULEB128 register
377   case DW_OP_fbreg:           // 0x91 1 SLEB128 offset
378   case DW_OP_piece:           // 0x93 1 ULEB128 size of piece addressed
379   case DW_OP_GNU_addr_index:  // 0xfb 1 ULEB128 index
380   case DW_OP_GNU_const_index: // 0xfc 1 ULEB128 index
381     data.Skip_LEB128(&offset);
382     return offset - data_offset;
383 
384   // All opcodes that have a 2 ULEB (signed or unsigned) arguments
385   case DW_OP_bregx:     // 0x92 2 ULEB128 register followed by SLEB128 offset
386   case DW_OP_bit_piece: // 0x9d ULEB128 bit size, ULEB128 bit offset (DWARF3);
387     data.Skip_LEB128(&offset);
388     data.Skip_LEB128(&offset);
389     return offset - data_offset;
390 
391   case DW_OP_implicit_value: // 0x9e ULEB128 size followed by block of that size
392                              // (DWARF4)
393   {
394     uint64_t block_len = data.Skip_LEB128(&offset);
395     offset += block_len;
396     return offset - data_offset;
397   }
398 
399   case DW_OP_GNU_entry_value:
400   case DW_OP_entry_value: // 0xa3 ULEB128 size + variable-length block
401   {
402     uint64_t subexpr_len = data.GetULEB128(&offset);
403     return (offset - data_offset) + subexpr_len;
404   }
405 
406   default:
407     break;
408   }
409   return LLDB_INVALID_OFFSET;
410 }
411 
412 lldb::addr_t DWARFExpression::GetLocation_DW_OP_addr(uint32_t op_addr_idx,
413                                                      bool &error) const {
414   error = false;
415   if (IsLocationList())
416     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
417   lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
418   uint32_t curr_op_addr_idx = 0;
419   while (m_data.ValidOffset(offset)) {
420     const uint8_t op = m_data.GetU8(&offset);
421 
422     if (op == DW_OP_addr) {
423       const lldb::addr_t op_file_addr = m_data.GetAddress(&offset);
424       if (curr_op_addr_idx == op_addr_idx)
425         return op_file_addr;
426       else
427         ++curr_op_addr_idx;
428     } else if (op == DW_OP_GNU_addr_index || op == DW_OP_addrx) {
429       uint64_t index = m_data.GetULEB128(&offset);
430       if (curr_op_addr_idx == op_addr_idx) {
431         if (!m_dwarf_cu) {
432           error = true;
433           break;
434         }
435 
436         return ReadAddressFromDebugAddrSection(m_dwarf_cu, index);
437       } else
438         ++curr_op_addr_idx;
439     } else {
440       const offset_t op_arg_size = GetOpcodeDataSize(m_data, offset, op);
441       if (op_arg_size == LLDB_INVALID_OFFSET) {
442         error = true;
443         break;
444       }
445       offset += op_arg_size;
446     }
447   }
448   return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
449 }
450 
451 bool DWARFExpression::Update_DW_OP_addr(lldb::addr_t file_addr) {
452   if (IsLocationList())
453     return false;
454   lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
455   while (m_data.ValidOffset(offset)) {
456     const uint8_t op = m_data.GetU8(&offset);
457 
458     if (op == DW_OP_addr) {
459       const uint32_t addr_byte_size = m_data.GetAddressByteSize();
460       // We have to make a copy of the data as we don't know if this data is
461       // from a read only memory mapped buffer, so we duplicate all of the data
462       // first, then modify it, and if all goes well, we then replace the data
463       // for this expression
464 
465       // Make en encoder that contains a copy of the location expression data
466       // so we can write the address into the buffer using the correct byte
467       // order.
468       DataEncoder encoder(m_data.GetDataStart(), m_data.GetByteSize(),
469                           m_data.GetByteOrder(), addr_byte_size);
470 
471       // Replace the address in the new buffer
472       if (encoder.PutAddress(offset, file_addr) == UINT32_MAX)
473         return false;
474 
475       // All went well, so now we can reset the data using a shared pointer to
476       // the heap data so "m_data" will now correctly manage the heap data.
477       m_data.SetData(encoder.GetDataBuffer());
478       return true;
479     } else {
480       const offset_t op_arg_size = GetOpcodeDataSize(m_data, offset, op);
481       if (op_arg_size == LLDB_INVALID_OFFSET)
482         break;
483       offset += op_arg_size;
484     }
485   }
486   return false;
487 }
488 
489 bool DWARFExpression::ContainsThreadLocalStorage() const {
490   // We are assuming for now that any thread local variable will not have a
491   // location list. This has been true for all thread local variables we have
492   // seen so far produced by any compiler.
493   if (IsLocationList())
494     return false;
495   lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
496   while (m_data.ValidOffset(offset)) {
497     const uint8_t op = m_data.GetU8(&offset);
498 
499     if (op == DW_OP_form_tls_address || op == DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address)
500       return true;
501     const offset_t op_arg_size = GetOpcodeDataSize(m_data, offset, op);
502     if (op_arg_size == LLDB_INVALID_OFFSET)
503       return false;
504     else
505       offset += op_arg_size;
506   }
507   return false;
508 }
509 bool DWARFExpression::LinkThreadLocalStorage(
510     lldb::ModuleSP new_module_sp,
511     std::function<lldb::addr_t(lldb::addr_t file_addr)> const
512         &link_address_callback) {
513   // We are assuming for now that any thread local variable will not have a
514   // location list. This has been true for all thread local variables we have
515   // seen so far produced by any compiler.
516   if (IsLocationList())
517     return false;
518 
519   const uint32_t addr_byte_size = m_data.GetAddressByteSize();
520   // We have to make a copy of the data as we don't know if this data is from a
521   // read only memory mapped buffer, so we duplicate all of the data first,
522   // then modify it, and if all goes well, we then replace the data for this
523   // expression.
524 
525   // Make en encoder that contains a copy of the location expression data so we
526   // can write the address into the buffer using the correct byte order.
527   DataEncoder encoder(m_data.GetDataStart(), m_data.GetByteSize(),
528                       m_data.GetByteOrder(), addr_byte_size);
529 
530   lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
531   lldb::offset_t const_offset = 0;
532   lldb::addr_t const_value = 0;
533   size_t const_byte_size = 0;
534   while (m_data.ValidOffset(offset)) {
535     const uint8_t op = m_data.GetU8(&offset);
536 
537     bool decoded_data = false;
538     switch (op) {
539     case DW_OP_const4u:
540       // Remember the const offset in case we later have a
541       // DW_OP_form_tls_address or DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address
542       const_offset = offset;
543       const_value = m_data.GetU32(&offset);
544       decoded_data = true;
545       const_byte_size = 4;
546       break;
547 
548     case DW_OP_const8u:
549       // Remember the const offset in case we later have a
550       // DW_OP_form_tls_address or DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address
551       const_offset = offset;
552       const_value = m_data.GetU64(&offset);
553       decoded_data = true;
554       const_byte_size = 8;
555       break;
556 
557     case DW_OP_form_tls_address:
558     case DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address:
559       // DW_OP_form_tls_address and DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address must be preceded
560       // by a file address on the stack. We assume that DW_OP_const4u or
561       // DW_OP_const8u is used for these values, and we check that the last
562       // opcode we got before either of these was DW_OP_const4u or
563       // DW_OP_const8u. If so, then we can link the value accodingly. For
564       // Darwin, the value in the DW_OP_const4u or DW_OP_const8u is the file
565       // address of a structure that contains a function pointer, the pthread
566       // key and the offset into the data pointed to by the pthread key. So we
567       // must link this address and also set the module of this expression to
568       // the new_module_sp so we can resolve the file address correctly
569       if (const_byte_size > 0) {
570         lldb::addr_t linked_file_addr = link_address_callback(const_value);
571         if (linked_file_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
572           return false;
573         // Replace the address in the new buffer
574         if (encoder.PutUnsigned(const_offset, const_byte_size,
575                                 linked_file_addr) == UINT32_MAX)
576           return false;
577       }
578       break;
579 
580     default:
581       const_offset = 0;
582       const_value = 0;
583       const_byte_size = 0;
584       break;
585     }
586 
587     if (!decoded_data) {
588       const offset_t op_arg_size = GetOpcodeDataSize(m_data, offset, op);
589       if (op_arg_size == LLDB_INVALID_OFFSET)
590         return false;
591       else
592         offset += op_arg_size;
593     }
594   }
595 
596   // If we linked the TLS address correctly, update the module so that when the
597   // expression is evaluated it can resolve the file address to a load address
598   // and read the
599   // TLS data
600   m_module_wp = new_module_sp;
601   m_data.SetData(encoder.GetDataBuffer());
602   return true;
603 }
604 
605 bool DWARFExpression::LocationListContainsAddress(addr_t func_load_addr,
606                                                   lldb::addr_t addr) const {
607   if (func_load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
608     return false;
609 
610   if (!IsLocationList())
611     return false;
612 
613   return GetLocationExpression(func_load_addr, addr) != llvm::None;
614 }
615 
616 bool DWARFExpression::DumpLocationForAddress(Stream *s,
617                                              lldb::DescriptionLevel level,
618                                              addr_t func_load_addr,
619                                              addr_t address, ABI *abi) {
620   if (!IsLocationList()) {
621     DumpLocation(s, m_data, level, abi);
622     return true;
623   }
624   if (llvm::Optional<DataExtractor> expr =
625           GetLocationExpression(func_load_addr, address)) {
626     DumpLocation(s, *expr, level, abi);
627     return true;
628   }
629   return false;
630 }
631 
632 static bool Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value(std::vector<Value> &stack,
633                                        ExecutionContext *exe_ctx,
634                                        RegisterContext *reg_ctx,
635                                        const DataExtractor &opcodes,
636                                        lldb::offset_t &opcode_offset,
637                                        Status *error_ptr, Log *log) {
638   // DW_OP_entry_value(sub-expr) describes the location a variable had upon
639   // function entry: this variable location is presumed to be optimized out at
640   // the current PC value.  The caller of the function may have call site
641   // information that describes an alternate location for the variable (e.g. a
642   // constant literal, or a spilled stack value) in the parent frame.
643   //
644   // Example (this is pseudo-code & pseudo-DWARF, but hopefully illustrative):
645   //
646   //     void child(int &sink, int x) {
647   //       ...
648   //       /* "x" gets optimized out. */
649   //
650   //       /* The location of "x" here is: DW_OP_entry_value($reg2). */
651   //       ++sink;
652   //     }
653   //
654   //     void parent() {
655   //       int sink;
656   //
657   //       /*
658   //        * The callsite information emitted here is:
659   //        *
660   //        * DW_TAG_call_site
661   //        *   DW_AT_return_pc ... (for "child(sink, 123);")
662   //        *   DW_TAG_call_site_parameter (for "sink")
663   //        *     DW_AT_location   ($reg1)
664   //        *     DW_AT_call_value ($SP - 8)
665   //        *   DW_TAG_call_site_parameter (for "x")
666   //        *     DW_AT_location   ($reg2)
667   //        *     DW_AT_call_value ($literal 123)
668   //        *
669   //        * DW_TAG_call_site
670   //        *   DW_AT_return_pc ... (for "child(sink, 456);")
671   //        *   ...
672   //        */
673   //       child(sink, 123);
674   //       child(sink, 456);
675   //     }
676   //
677   // When the program stops at "++sink" within `child`, the debugger determines
678   // the call site by analyzing the return address. Once the call site is found,
679   // the debugger determines which parameter is referenced by DW_OP_entry_value
680   // and evaluates the corresponding location for that parameter in `parent`.
681 
682   // 1. Find the function which pushed the current frame onto the stack.
683   if ((!exe_ctx || !exe_ctx->HasTargetScope()) || !reg_ctx) {
684     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no exe/reg context");
685     return false;
686   }
687 
688   StackFrame *current_frame = exe_ctx->GetFramePtr();
689   Thread *thread = exe_ctx->GetThreadPtr();
690   if (!current_frame || !thread) {
691     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no current frame/thread");
692     return false;
693   }
694 
695   Target &target = exe_ctx->GetTargetRef();
696   StackFrameSP parent_frame = nullptr;
697   addr_t return_pc = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
698   uint32_t current_frame_idx = current_frame->GetFrameIndex();
699   uint32_t num_frames = thread->GetStackFrameCount();
700   for (uint32_t parent_frame_idx = current_frame_idx + 1;
701        parent_frame_idx < num_frames; ++parent_frame_idx) {
702     parent_frame = thread->GetStackFrameAtIndex(parent_frame_idx);
703     // Require a valid sequence of frames.
704     if (!parent_frame)
705       break;
706 
707     // Record the first valid return address, even if this is an inlined frame,
708     // in order to look up the associated call edge in the first non-inlined
709     // parent frame.
710     if (return_pc == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
711       return_pc = parent_frame->GetFrameCodeAddress().GetLoadAddress(&target);
712       LLDB_LOG(log,
713                "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: immediate ancestor with pc = {0:x}",
714                return_pc);
715     }
716 
717     // If we've found an inlined frame, skip it (these have no call site
718     // parameters).
719     if (parent_frame->IsInlined())
720       continue;
721 
722     // We've found the first non-inlined parent frame.
723     break;
724   }
725   if (!parent_frame || !parent_frame->GetRegisterContext()) {
726     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no parent frame with reg ctx");
727     return false;
728   }
729 
730   Function *parent_func =
731       parent_frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextFunction).function;
732   if (!parent_func) {
733     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no parent function");
734     return false;
735   }
736 
737   // 2. Find the call edge in the parent function responsible for creating the
738   //    current activation.
739   Function *current_func =
740       current_frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextFunction).function;
741   if (!current_func) {
742     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no current function");
743     return false;
744   }
745 
746   CallEdge *call_edge = nullptr;
747   ModuleList &modlist = target.GetImages();
748   ExecutionContext parent_exe_ctx = *exe_ctx;
749   parent_exe_ctx.SetFrameSP(parent_frame);
750   if (!parent_frame->IsArtificial()) {
751     // If the parent frame is not artificial, the current activation may be
752     // produced by an ambiguous tail call. In this case, refuse to proceed.
753     call_edge = parent_func->GetCallEdgeForReturnAddress(return_pc, target);
754     if (!call_edge) {
755       LLDB_LOG(log,
756                "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no call edge for retn-pc = {0:x} "
757                "in parent frame {1}",
758                return_pc, parent_func->GetName());
759       return false;
760     }
761     Function *callee_func = call_edge->GetCallee(modlist, parent_exe_ctx);
762     if (callee_func != current_func) {
763       LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: ambiguous call sequence, "
764                     "can't find real parent frame");
765       return false;
766     }
767   } else {
768     // The StackFrameList solver machinery has deduced that an unambiguous tail
769     // call sequence that produced the current activation.  The first edge in
770     // the parent that points to the current function must be valid.
771     for (auto &edge : parent_func->GetTailCallingEdges()) {
772       if (edge->GetCallee(modlist, parent_exe_ctx) == current_func) {
773         call_edge = edge.get();
774         break;
775       }
776     }
777   }
778   if (!call_edge) {
779     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no unambiguous edge from parent "
780                   "to current function");
781     return false;
782   }
783 
784   // 3. Attempt to locate the DW_OP_entry_value expression in the set of
785   //    available call site parameters. If found, evaluate the corresponding
786   //    parameter in the context of the parent frame.
787   const uint32_t subexpr_len = opcodes.GetULEB128(&opcode_offset);
788   const void *subexpr_data = opcodes.GetData(&opcode_offset, subexpr_len);
789   if (!subexpr_data) {
790     LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: subexpr could not be read");
791     return false;
792   }
793 
794   const CallSiteParameter *matched_param = nullptr;
795   for (const CallSiteParameter &param : call_edge->GetCallSiteParameters()) {
796     DataExtractor param_subexpr_extractor;
797     if (!param.LocationInCallee.GetExpressionData(param_subexpr_extractor))
798       continue;
799     lldb::offset_t param_subexpr_offset = 0;
800     const void *param_subexpr_data =
801         param_subexpr_extractor.GetData(&param_subexpr_offset, subexpr_len);
802     if (!param_subexpr_data ||
803         param_subexpr_extractor.BytesLeft(param_subexpr_offset) != 0)
804       continue;
805 
806     // At this point, the DW_OP_entry_value sub-expression and the callee-side
807     // expression in the call site parameter are known to have the same length.
808     // Check whether they are equal.
809     //
810     // Note that an equality check is sufficient: the contents of the
811     // DW_OP_entry_value subexpression are only used to identify the right call
812     // site parameter in the parent, and do not require any special handling.
813     if (memcmp(subexpr_data, param_subexpr_data, subexpr_len) == 0) {
814       matched_param = &param;
815       break;
816     }
817   }
818   if (!matched_param) {
819     LLDB_LOG(log,
820              "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: no matching call site param found");
821     return false;
822   }
823 
824   // TODO: Add support for DW_OP_push_object_address within a DW_OP_entry_value
825   // subexpresion whenever llvm does.
826   Value result;
827   const DWARFExpression &param_expr = matched_param->LocationInCaller;
828   if (!param_expr.Evaluate(&parent_exe_ctx,
829                            parent_frame->GetRegisterContext().get(),
830                            /*loclist_base_load_addr=*/LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS,
831                            /*initial_value_ptr=*/nullptr,
832                            /*object_address_ptr=*/nullptr, result, error_ptr)) {
833     LLDB_LOG(log,
834              "Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value: call site param evaluation failed");
835     return false;
836   }
837 
838   stack.push_back(result);
839   return true;
840 }
841 
842 bool DWARFExpression::Evaluate(ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope,
843                                lldb::addr_t loclist_base_load_addr,
844                                const Value *initial_value_ptr,
845                                const Value *object_address_ptr, Value &result,
846                                Status *error_ptr) const {
847   ExecutionContext exe_ctx(exe_scope);
848   return Evaluate(&exe_ctx, nullptr, loclist_base_load_addr, initial_value_ptr,
849                   object_address_ptr, result, error_ptr);
850 }
851 
852 bool DWARFExpression::Evaluate(ExecutionContext *exe_ctx,
853                                RegisterContext *reg_ctx,
854                                lldb::addr_t func_load_addr,
855                                const Value *initial_value_ptr,
856                                const Value *object_address_ptr, Value &result,
857                                Status *error_ptr) const {
858   ModuleSP module_sp = m_module_wp.lock();
859 
860   if (IsLocationList()) {
861     addr_t pc;
862     StackFrame *frame = nullptr;
863     if (reg_ctx)
864       pc = reg_ctx->GetPC();
865     else {
866       frame = exe_ctx->GetFramePtr();
867       if (!frame)
868         return false;
869       RegisterContextSP reg_ctx_sp = frame->GetRegisterContext();
870       if (!reg_ctx_sp)
871         return false;
872       pc = reg_ctx_sp->GetPC();
873     }
874 
875     if (func_load_addr != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
876       if (pc == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
877         if (error_ptr)
878           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid PC in frame.");
879         return false;
880       }
881 
882       if (llvm::Optional<DataExtractor> expr =
883               GetLocationExpression(func_load_addr, pc)) {
884         return DWARFExpression::Evaluate(
885             exe_ctx, reg_ctx, module_sp, *expr, m_dwarf_cu, m_reg_kind,
886             initial_value_ptr, object_address_ptr, result, error_ptr);
887       }
888     }
889     if (error_ptr)
890       error_ptr->SetErrorString("variable not available");
891     return false;
892   }
893 
894   // Not a location list, just a single expression.
895   return DWARFExpression::Evaluate(exe_ctx, reg_ctx, module_sp, m_data,
896                                    m_dwarf_cu, m_reg_kind, initial_value_ptr,
897                                    object_address_ptr, result, error_ptr);
898 }
899 
900 namespace {
901 /// The location description kinds described by the DWARF v5
902 /// specification.  Composite locations are handled out-of-band and
903 /// thus aren't part of the enum.
904 enum LocationDescriptionKind {
905   Empty,
906   Memory,
907   Register,
908   Implicit
909   /* Composite*/
910 };
911 /// Adjust value's ValueType according to the kind of location description.
912 void UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(Log *log, const DWARFUnit *dwarf_cu,
913                                             LocationDescriptionKind kind,
914                                             Value *value = nullptr) {
915   // Note that this function is conflating DWARF expressions with
916   // DWARF location descriptions. Perhaps it would be better to define
917   // a wrapper for DWARFExpresssion::Eval() that deals with DWARF
918   // location descriptions (which consist of one or more DWARF
919   // expressions). But doing this would mean we'd also need factor the
920   // handling of DW_OP_(bit_)piece out of this function.
921   if (dwarf_cu && dwarf_cu->GetVersion() >= 4) {
922     const char *log_msg = "DWARF location description kind: %s";
923     switch (kind) {
924     case Empty:
925       LLDB_LOGF(log, log_msg, "Empty");
926       break;
927     case Memory:
928       LLDB_LOGF(log, log_msg, "Memory");
929       if (value->GetValueType() == Value::ValueType::Scalar)
930         value->SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
931       break;
932     case Register:
933       LLDB_LOGF(log, log_msg, "Register");
934       value->SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar);
935       break;
936     case Implicit:
937       LLDB_LOGF(log, log_msg, "Implicit");
938       if (value->GetValueType() == Value::ValueType::LoadAddress)
939         value->SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar);
940       break;
941     }
942   }
943 }
944 } // namespace
945 
946 bool DWARFExpression::Evaluate(
947     ExecutionContext *exe_ctx, RegisterContext *reg_ctx,
948     lldb::ModuleSP module_sp, const DataExtractor &opcodes,
949     const DWARFUnit *dwarf_cu, const lldb::RegisterKind reg_kind,
950     const Value *initial_value_ptr, const Value *object_address_ptr,
951     Value &result, Status *error_ptr) {
952 
953   if (opcodes.GetByteSize() == 0) {
954     if (error_ptr)
955       error_ptr->SetErrorString(
956           "no location, value may have been optimized out");
957     return false;
958   }
959   std::vector<Value> stack;
960 
961   Process *process = nullptr;
962   StackFrame *frame = nullptr;
963 
964   if (exe_ctx) {
965     process = exe_ctx->GetProcessPtr();
966     frame = exe_ctx->GetFramePtr();
967   }
968   if (reg_ctx == nullptr && frame)
969     reg_ctx = frame->GetRegisterContext().get();
970 
971   if (initial_value_ptr)
972     stack.push_back(*initial_value_ptr);
973 
974   lldb::offset_t offset = 0;
975   Value tmp;
976   uint32_t reg_num;
977 
978   /// Insertion point for evaluating multi-piece expression.
979   uint64_t op_piece_offset = 0;
980   Value pieces; // Used for DW_OP_piece
981 
982   Log *log = GetLog(LLDBLog::Expressions);
983   // A generic type is "an integral type that has the size of an address and an
984   // unspecified signedness". For now, just use the signedness of the operand.
985   // TODO: Implement a real typed stack, and store the genericness of the value
986   // there.
987   auto to_generic = [&](auto v) {
988     bool is_signed = std::is_signed<decltype(v)>::value;
989     return Scalar(llvm::APSInt(
990         llvm::APInt(8 * opcodes.GetAddressByteSize(), v, is_signed),
991         !is_signed));
992   };
993 
994   // The default kind is a memory location. This is updated by any
995   // operation that changes this, such as DW_OP_stack_value, and reset
996   // by composition operations like DW_OP_piece.
997   LocationDescriptionKind dwarf4_location_description_kind = Memory;
998 
999   while (opcodes.ValidOffset(offset)) {
1000     const lldb::offset_t op_offset = offset;
1001     const uint8_t op = opcodes.GetU8(&offset);
1002 
1003     if (log && log->GetVerbose()) {
1004       size_t count = stack.size();
1005       LLDB_LOGF(log, "Stack before operation has %" PRIu64 " values:",
1006                 (uint64_t)count);
1007       for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
1008         StreamString new_value;
1009         new_value.Printf("[%" PRIu64 "]", (uint64_t)i);
1010         stack[i].Dump(&new_value);
1011         LLDB_LOGF(log, "  %s", new_value.GetData());
1012       }
1013       LLDB_LOGF(log, "0x%8.8" PRIx64 ": %s", op_offset,
1014                 DW_OP_value_to_name(op));
1015     }
1016 
1017     switch (op) {
1018     // The DW_OP_addr operation has a single operand that encodes a machine
1019     // address and whose size is the size of an address on the target machine.
1020     case DW_OP_addr:
1021       stack.push_back(Scalar(opcodes.GetAddress(&offset)));
1022       stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::FileAddress);
1023       // Convert the file address to a load address, so subsequent
1024       // DWARF operators can operate on it.
1025       if (frame)
1026         stack.back().ConvertToLoadAddress(module_sp.get(),
1027                                           frame->CalculateTarget().get());
1028       break;
1029 
1030     // The DW_OP_addr_sect_offset4 is used for any location expressions in
1031     // shared libraries that have a location like:
1032     //  DW_OP_addr(0x1000)
1033     // If this address resides in a shared library, then this virtual address
1034     // won't make sense when it is evaluated in the context of a running
1035     // process where shared libraries have been slid. To account for this, this
1036     // new address type where we can store the section pointer and a 4 byte
1037     // offset.
1038     //      case DW_OP_addr_sect_offset4:
1039     //          {
1040     //              result_type = eResultTypeFileAddress;
1041     //              lldb::Section *sect = (lldb::Section
1042     //              *)opcodes.GetMaxU64(&offset, sizeof(void *));
1043     //              lldb::addr_t sect_offset = opcodes.GetU32(&offset);
1044     //
1045     //              Address so_addr (sect, sect_offset);
1046     //              lldb::addr_t load_addr = so_addr.GetLoadAddress();
1047     //              if (load_addr != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
1048     //              {
1049     //                  // We successfully resolve a file address to a load
1050     //                  // address.
1051     //                  stack.push_back(load_addr);
1052     //                  break;
1053     //              }
1054     //              else
1055     //              {
1056     //                  // We were able
1057     //                  if (error_ptr)
1058     //                      error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat ("Section %s in
1059     //                      %s is not currently loaded.\n",
1060     //                      sect->GetName().AsCString(),
1061     //                      sect->GetModule()->GetFileSpec().GetFilename().AsCString());
1062     //                  return false;
1063     //              }
1064     //          }
1065     //          break;
1066 
1067     // OPCODE: DW_OP_deref
1068     // OPERANDS: none
1069     // DESCRIPTION: Pops the top stack entry and treats it as an address.
1070     // The value retrieved from that address is pushed. The size of the data
1071     // retrieved from the dereferenced address is the size of an address on the
1072     // target machine.
1073     case DW_OP_deref: {
1074       if (stack.empty()) {
1075         if (error_ptr)
1076           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Expression stack empty for DW_OP_deref.");
1077         return false;
1078       }
1079       Value::ValueType value_type = stack.back().GetValueType();
1080       switch (value_type) {
1081       case Value::ValueType::HostAddress: {
1082         void *src = (void *)stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong();
1083         intptr_t ptr;
1084         ::memcpy(&ptr, src, sizeof(void *));
1085         stack.back().GetScalar() = ptr;
1086         stack.back().ClearContext();
1087       } break;
1088       case Value::ValueType::FileAddress: {
1089         auto file_addr = stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong(
1090             LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
1091         if (!module_sp) {
1092           if (error_ptr)
1093             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1094                 "need module to resolve file address for DW_OP_deref");
1095           return false;
1096         }
1097         Address so_addr;
1098         if (!module_sp->ResolveFileAddress(file_addr, so_addr)) {
1099           if (error_ptr)
1100             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1101                 "failed to resolve file address in module");
1102           return false;
1103         }
1104         addr_t load_Addr = so_addr.GetLoadAddress(exe_ctx->GetTargetPtr());
1105         if (load_Addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1106           if (error_ptr)
1107             error_ptr->SetErrorString("failed to resolve load address");
1108           return false;
1109         }
1110         stack.back().GetScalar() = load_Addr;
1111         // Fall through to load address promotion code below.
1112       } LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
1113       case Value::ValueType::Scalar:
1114         // Promote Scalar to LoadAddress and fall through.
1115         stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
1116         LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
1117       case Value::ValueType::LoadAddress:
1118         if (exe_ctx) {
1119           if (process) {
1120             lldb::addr_t pointer_addr =
1121                 stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
1122             Status error;
1123             lldb::addr_t pointer_value =
1124                 process->ReadPointerFromMemory(pointer_addr, error);
1125             if (pointer_value != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1126               if (ABISP abi_sp = process->GetABI())
1127                 pointer_value = abi_sp->FixCodeAddress(pointer_value);
1128               stack.back().GetScalar() = pointer_value;
1129               stack.back().ClearContext();
1130             } else {
1131               if (error_ptr)
1132                 error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
1133                     "Failed to dereference pointer from 0x%" PRIx64
1134                     " for DW_OP_deref: %s\n",
1135                     pointer_addr, error.AsCString());
1136               return false;
1137             }
1138           } else {
1139             if (error_ptr)
1140               error_ptr->SetErrorString("NULL process for DW_OP_deref.\n");
1141             return false;
1142           }
1143         } else {
1144           if (error_ptr)
1145             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1146                 "NULL execution context for DW_OP_deref.\n");
1147           return false;
1148         }
1149         break;
1150 
1151       case Value::ValueType::Invalid:
1152         if (error_ptr)
1153           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid value type for DW_OP_deref.\n");
1154         return false;
1155       }
1156 
1157     } break;
1158 
1159     // OPCODE: DW_OP_deref_size
1160     // OPERANDS: 1
1161     //  1 - uint8_t that specifies the size of the data to dereference.
1162     // DESCRIPTION: Behaves like the DW_OP_deref operation: it pops the top
1163     // stack entry and treats it as an address. The value retrieved from that
1164     // address is pushed. In the DW_OP_deref_size operation, however, the size
1165     // in bytes of the data retrieved from the dereferenced address is
1166     // specified by the single operand. This operand is a 1-byte unsigned
1167     // integral constant whose value may not be larger than the size of an
1168     // address on the target machine. The data retrieved is zero extended to
1169     // the size of an address on the target machine before being pushed on the
1170     // expression stack.
1171     case DW_OP_deref_size: {
1172       if (stack.empty()) {
1173         if (error_ptr)
1174           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1175               "Expression stack empty for DW_OP_deref_size.");
1176         return false;
1177       }
1178       uint8_t size = opcodes.GetU8(&offset);
1179       Value::ValueType value_type = stack.back().GetValueType();
1180       switch (value_type) {
1181       case Value::ValueType::HostAddress: {
1182         void *src = (void *)stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong();
1183         intptr_t ptr;
1184         ::memcpy(&ptr, src, sizeof(void *));
1185         // I can't decide whether the size operand should apply to the bytes in
1186         // their
1187         // lldb-host endianness or the target endianness.. I doubt this'll ever
1188         // come up but I'll opt for assuming big endian regardless.
1189         switch (size) {
1190         case 1:
1191           ptr = ptr & 0xff;
1192           break;
1193         case 2:
1194           ptr = ptr & 0xffff;
1195           break;
1196         case 3:
1197           ptr = ptr & 0xffffff;
1198           break;
1199         case 4:
1200           ptr = ptr & 0xffffffff;
1201           break;
1202         // the casts are added to work around the case where intptr_t is a 32
1203         // bit quantity;
1204         // presumably we won't hit the 5..7 cases if (void*) is 32-bits in this
1205         // program.
1206         case 5:
1207           ptr = (intptr_t)ptr & 0xffffffffffULL;
1208           break;
1209         case 6:
1210           ptr = (intptr_t)ptr & 0xffffffffffffULL;
1211           break;
1212         case 7:
1213           ptr = (intptr_t)ptr & 0xffffffffffffffULL;
1214           break;
1215         default:
1216           break;
1217         }
1218         stack.back().GetScalar() = ptr;
1219         stack.back().ClearContext();
1220       } break;
1221       case Value::ValueType::Scalar:
1222       case Value::ValueType::LoadAddress:
1223         if (exe_ctx) {
1224           if (process) {
1225             lldb::addr_t pointer_addr =
1226                 stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
1227             uint8_t addr_bytes[sizeof(lldb::addr_t)];
1228             Status error;
1229             if (process->ReadMemory(pointer_addr, &addr_bytes, size, error) ==
1230                 size) {
1231               DataExtractor addr_data(addr_bytes, sizeof(addr_bytes),
1232                                       process->GetByteOrder(), size);
1233               lldb::offset_t addr_data_offset = 0;
1234               switch (size) {
1235               case 1:
1236                 stack.back().GetScalar() = addr_data.GetU8(&addr_data_offset);
1237                 break;
1238               case 2:
1239                 stack.back().GetScalar() = addr_data.GetU16(&addr_data_offset);
1240                 break;
1241               case 4:
1242                 stack.back().GetScalar() = addr_data.GetU32(&addr_data_offset);
1243                 break;
1244               case 8:
1245                 stack.back().GetScalar() = addr_data.GetU64(&addr_data_offset);
1246                 break;
1247               default:
1248                 stack.back().GetScalar() =
1249                     addr_data.GetAddress(&addr_data_offset);
1250               }
1251               stack.back().ClearContext();
1252             } else {
1253               if (error_ptr)
1254                 error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
1255                     "Failed to dereference pointer from 0x%" PRIx64
1256                     " for DW_OP_deref: %s\n",
1257                     pointer_addr, error.AsCString());
1258               return false;
1259             }
1260           } else {
1261             if (error_ptr)
1262               error_ptr->SetErrorString("NULL process for DW_OP_deref_size.\n");
1263             return false;
1264           }
1265         } else {
1266           if (error_ptr)
1267             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1268                 "NULL execution context for DW_OP_deref_size.\n");
1269           return false;
1270         }
1271         break;
1272 
1273       case Value::ValueType::FileAddress:
1274       case Value::ValueType::Invalid:
1275         if (error_ptr)
1276           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid value for DW_OP_deref_size.\n");
1277         return false;
1278       }
1279 
1280     } break;
1281 
1282     // OPCODE: DW_OP_xderef_size
1283     // OPERANDS: 1
1284     //  1 - uint8_t that specifies the size of the data to dereference.
1285     // DESCRIPTION: Behaves like the DW_OP_xderef operation: the entry at
1286     // the top of the stack is treated as an address. The second stack entry is
1287     // treated as an "address space identifier" for those architectures that
1288     // support multiple address spaces. The top two stack elements are popped,
1289     // a data item is retrieved through an implementation-defined address
1290     // calculation and pushed as the new stack top. In the DW_OP_xderef_size
1291     // operation, however, the size in bytes of the data retrieved from the
1292     // dereferenced address is specified by the single operand. This operand is
1293     // a 1-byte unsigned integral constant whose value may not be larger than
1294     // the size of an address on the target machine. The data retrieved is zero
1295     // extended to the size of an address on the target machine before being
1296     // pushed on the expression stack.
1297     case DW_OP_xderef_size:
1298       if (error_ptr)
1299         error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unimplemented opcode: DW_OP_xderef_size.");
1300       return false;
1301     // OPCODE: DW_OP_xderef
1302     // OPERANDS: none
1303     // DESCRIPTION: Provides an extended dereference mechanism. The entry at
1304     // the top of the stack is treated as an address. The second stack entry is
1305     // treated as an "address space identifier" for those architectures that
1306     // support multiple address spaces. The top two stack elements are popped,
1307     // a data item is retrieved through an implementation-defined address
1308     // calculation and pushed as the new stack top. The size of the data
1309     // retrieved from the dereferenced address is the size of an address on the
1310     // target machine.
1311     case DW_OP_xderef:
1312       if (error_ptr)
1313         error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unimplemented opcode: DW_OP_xderef.");
1314       return false;
1315 
1316     // All DW_OP_constXXX opcodes have a single operand as noted below:
1317     //
1318     // Opcode           Operand 1
1319     // DW_OP_const1u    1-byte unsigned integer constant
1320     // DW_OP_const1s    1-byte signed integer constant
1321     // DW_OP_const2u    2-byte unsigned integer constant
1322     // DW_OP_const2s    2-byte signed integer constant
1323     // DW_OP_const4u    4-byte unsigned integer constant
1324     // DW_OP_const4s    4-byte signed integer constant
1325     // DW_OP_const8u    8-byte unsigned integer constant
1326     // DW_OP_const8s    8-byte signed integer constant
1327     // DW_OP_constu     unsigned LEB128 integer constant
1328     // DW_OP_consts     signed LEB128 integer constant
1329     case DW_OP_const1u:
1330       stack.push_back(to_generic(opcodes.GetU8(&offset)));
1331       break;
1332     case DW_OP_const1s:
1333       stack.push_back(to_generic((int8_t)opcodes.GetU8(&offset)));
1334       break;
1335     case DW_OP_const2u:
1336       stack.push_back(to_generic(opcodes.GetU16(&offset)));
1337       break;
1338     case DW_OP_const2s:
1339       stack.push_back(to_generic((int16_t)opcodes.GetU16(&offset)));
1340       break;
1341     case DW_OP_const4u:
1342       stack.push_back(to_generic(opcodes.GetU32(&offset)));
1343       break;
1344     case DW_OP_const4s:
1345       stack.push_back(to_generic((int32_t)opcodes.GetU32(&offset)));
1346       break;
1347     case DW_OP_const8u:
1348       stack.push_back(to_generic(opcodes.GetU64(&offset)));
1349       break;
1350     case DW_OP_const8s:
1351       stack.push_back(to_generic((int64_t)opcodes.GetU64(&offset)));
1352       break;
1353     // These should also use to_generic, but we can't do that due to a
1354     // producer-side bug in llvm. See llvm.org/pr48087.
1355     case DW_OP_constu:
1356       stack.push_back(Scalar(opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset)));
1357       break;
1358     case DW_OP_consts:
1359       stack.push_back(Scalar(opcodes.GetSLEB128(&offset)));
1360       break;
1361 
1362     // OPCODE: DW_OP_dup
1363     // OPERANDS: none
1364     // DESCRIPTION: duplicates the value at the top of the stack
1365     case DW_OP_dup:
1366       if (stack.empty()) {
1367         if (error_ptr)
1368           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Expression stack empty for DW_OP_dup.");
1369         return false;
1370       } else
1371         stack.push_back(stack.back());
1372       break;
1373 
1374     // OPCODE: DW_OP_drop
1375     // OPERANDS: none
1376     // DESCRIPTION: pops the value at the top of the stack
1377     case DW_OP_drop:
1378       if (stack.empty()) {
1379         if (error_ptr)
1380           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Expression stack empty for DW_OP_drop.");
1381         return false;
1382       } else
1383         stack.pop_back();
1384       break;
1385 
1386     // OPCODE: DW_OP_over
1387     // OPERANDS: none
1388     // DESCRIPTION: Duplicates the entry currently second in the stack at
1389     // the top of the stack.
1390     case DW_OP_over:
1391       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1392         if (error_ptr)
1393           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1394               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_over.");
1395         return false;
1396       } else
1397         stack.push_back(stack[stack.size() - 2]);
1398       break;
1399 
1400     // OPCODE: DW_OP_pick
1401     // OPERANDS: uint8_t index into the current stack
1402     // DESCRIPTION: The stack entry with the specified index (0 through 255,
1403     // inclusive) is pushed on the stack
1404     case DW_OP_pick: {
1405       uint8_t pick_idx = opcodes.GetU8(&offset);
1406       if (pick_idx < stack.size())
1407         stack.push_back(stack[stack.size() - 1 - pick_idx]);
1408       else {
1409         if (error_ptr)
1410           error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
1411               "Index %u out of range for DW_OP_pick.\n", pick_idx);
1412         return false;
1413       }
1414     } break;
1415 
1416     // OPCODE: DW_OP_swap
1417     // OPERANDS: none
1418     // DESCRIPTION: swaps the top two stack entries. The entry at the top
1419     // of the stack becomes the second stack entry, and the second entry
1420     // becomes the top of the stack
1421     case DW_OP_swap:
1422       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1423         if (error_ptr)
1424           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1425               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_swap.");
1426         return false;
1427       } else {
1428         tmp = stack.back();
1429         stack.back() = stack[stack.size() - 2];
1430         stack[stack.size() - 2] = tmp;
1431       }
1432       break;
1433 
1434     // OPCODE: DW_OP_rot
1435     // OPERANDS: none
1436     // DESCRIPTION: Rotates the first three stack entries. The entry at
1437     // the top of the stack becomes the third stack entry, the second entry
1438     // becomes the top of the stack, and the third entry becomes the second
1439     // entry.
1440     case DW_OP_rot:
1441       if (stack.size() < 3) {
1442         if (error_ptr)
1443           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1444               "Expression stack needs at least 3 items for DW_OP_rot.");
1445         return false;
1446       } else {
1447         size_t last_idx = stack.size() - 1;
1448         Value old_top = stack[last_idx];
1449         stack[last_idx] = stack[last_idx - 1];
1450         stack[last_idx - 1] = stack[last_idx - 2];
1451         stack[last_idx - 2] = old_top;
1452       }
1453       break;
1454 
1455     // OPCODE: DW_OP_abs
1456     // OPERANDS: none
1457     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top stack entry, interprets it as a signed
1458     // value and pushes its absolute value. If the absolute value can not be
1459     // represented, the result is undefined.
1460     case DW_OP_abs:
1461       if (stack.empty()) {
1462         if (error_ptr)
1463           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1464               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_abs.");
1465         return false;
1466       } else if (!stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx).AbsoluteValue()) {
1467         if (error_ptr)
1468           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1469               "Failed to take the absolute value of the first stack item.");
1470         return false;
1471       }
1472       break;
1473 
1474     // OPCODE: DW_OP_and
1475     // OPERANDS: none
1476     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, performs a bitwise and
1477     // operation on the two, and pushes the result.
1478     case DW_OP_and:
1479       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1480         if (error_ptr)
1481           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1482               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_and.");
1483         return false;
1484       } else {
1485         tmp = stack.back();
1486         stack.pop_back();
1487         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1488             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) & tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1489       }
1490       break;
1491 
1492     // OPCODE: DW_OP_div
1493     // OPERANDS: none
1494     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, divides the former second
1495     // entry by the former top of the stack using signed division, and pushes
1496     // the result.
1497     case DW_OP_div:
1498       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1499         if (error_ptr)
1500           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1501               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_div.");
1502         return false;
1503       } else {
1504         tmp = stack.back();
1505         if (tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx).IsZero()) {
1506           if (error_ptr)
1507             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Divide by zero.");
1508           return false;
1509         } else {
1510           stack.pop_back();
1511           stack.back() =
1512               stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) / tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1513           if (!stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx).IsValid()) {
1514             if (error_ptr)
1515               error_ptr->SetErrorString("Divide failed.");
1516             return false;
1517           }
1518         }
1519       }
1520       break;
1521 
1522     // OPCODE: DW_OP_minus
1523     // OPERANDS: none
1524     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, subtracts the former top
1525     // of the stack from the former second entry, and pushes the result.
1526     case DW_OP_minus:
1527       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1528         if (error_ptr)
1529           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1530               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_minus.");
1531         return false;
1532       } else {
1533         tmp = stack.back();
1534         stack.pop_back();
1535         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1536             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) - tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1537       }
1538       break;
1539 
1540     // OPCODE: DW_OP_mod
1541     // OPERANDS: none
1542     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values and pushes the result of
1543     // the calculation: former second stack entry modulo the former top of the
1544     // stack.
1545     case DW_OP_mod:
1546       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1547         if (error_ptr)
1548           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1549               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_mod.");
1550         return false;
1551       } else {
1552         tmp = stack.back();
1553         stack.pop_back();
1554         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1555             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) % tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1556       }
1557       break;
1558 
1559     // OPCODE: DW_OP_mul
1560     // OPERANDS: none
1561     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, multiplies them
1562     // together, and pushes the result.
1563     case DW_OP_mul:
1564       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1565         if (error_ptr)
1566           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1567               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_mul.");
1568         return false;
1569       } else {
1570         tmp = stack.back();
1571         stack.pop_back();
1572         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1573             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) * tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1574       }
1575       break;
1576 
1577     // OPCODE: DW_OP_neg
1578     // OPERANDS: none
1579     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top stack entry, and pushes its negation.
1580     case DW_OP_neg:
1581       if (stack.empty()) {
1582         if (error_ptr)
1583           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1584               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_neg.");
1585         return false;
1586       } else {
1587         if (!stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx).UnaryNegate()) {
1588           if (error_ptr)
1589             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unary negate failed.");
1590           return false;
1591         }
1592       }
1593       break;
1594 
1595     // OPCODE: DW_OP_not
1596     // OPERANDS: none
1597     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top stack entry, and pushes its bitwise
1598     // complement
1599     case DW_OP_not:
1600       if (stack.empty()) {
1601         if (error_ptr)
1602           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1603               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_not.");
1604         return false;
1605       } else {
1606         if (!stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx).OnesComplement()) {
1607           if (error_ptr)
1608             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Logical NOT failed.");
1609           return false;
1610         }
1611       }
1612       break;
1613 
1614     // OPCODE: DW_OP_or
1615     // OPERANDS: none
1616     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, performs a bitwise or
1617     // operation on the two, and pushes the result.
1618     case DW_OP_or:
1619       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1620         if (error_ptr)
1621           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1622               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_or.");
1623         return false;
1624       } else {
1625         tmp = stack.back();
1626         stack.pop_back();
1627         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1628             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) | tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1629       }
1630       break;
1631 
1632     // OPCODE: DW_OP_plus
1633     // OPERANDS: none
1634     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, adds them together, and
1635     // pushes the result.
1636     case DW_OP_plus:
1637       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1638         if (error_ptr)
1639           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1640               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_plus.");
1641         return false;
1642       } else {
1643         tmp = stack.back();
1644         stack.pop_back();
1645         stack.back().GetScalar() += tmp.GetScalar();
1646       }
1647       break;
1648 
1649     // OPCODE: DW_OP_plus_uconst
1650     // OPERANDS: none
1651     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top stack entry, adds it to the unsigned LEB128
1652     // constant operand and pushes the result.
1653     case DW_OP_plus_uconst:
1654       if (stack.empty()) {
1655         if (error_ptr)
1656           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1657               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_plus_uconst.");
1658         return false;
1659       } else {
1660         const uint64_t uconst_value = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
1661         // Implicit conversion from a UINT to a Scalar...
1662         stack.back().GetScalar() += uconst_value;
1663         if (!stack.back().GetScalar().IsValid()) {
1664           if (error_ptr)
1665             error_ptr->SetErrorString("DW_OP_plus_uconst failed.");
1666           return false;
1667         }
1668       }
1669       break;
1670 
1671     // OPCODE: DW_OP_shl
1672     // OPERANDS: none
1673     // DESCRIPTION:  pops the top two stack entries, shifts the former
1674     // second entry left by the number of bits specified by the former top of
1675     // the stack, and pushes the result.
1676     case DW_OP_shl:
1677       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1678         if (error_ptr)
1679           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1680               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_shl.");
1681         return false;
1682       } else {
1683         tmp = stack.back();
1684         stack.pop_back();
1685         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) <<= tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1686       }
1687       break;
1688 
1689     // OPCODE: DW_OP_shr
1690     // OPERANDS: none
1691     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, shifts the former second
1692     // entry right logically (filling with zero bits) by the number of bits
1693     // specified by the former top of the stack, and pushes the result.
1694     case DW_OP_shr:
1695       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1696         if (error_ptr)
1697           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1698               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_shr.");
1699         return false;
1700       } else {
1701         tmp = stack.back();
1702         stack.pop_back();
1703         if (!stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx).ShiftRightLogical(
1704                 tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx))) {
1705           if (error_ptr)
1706             error_ptr->SetErrorString("DW_OP_shr failed.");
1707           return false;
1708         }
1709       }
1710       break;
1711 
1712     // OPCODE: DW_OP_shra
1713     // OPERANDS: none
1714     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, shifts the former second
1715     // entry right arithmetically (divide the magnitude by 2, keep the same
1716     // sign for the result) by the number of bits specified by the former top
1717     // of the stack, and pushes the result.
1718     case DW_OP_shra:
1719       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1720         if (error_ptr)
1721           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1722               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_shra.");
1723         return false;
1724       } else {
1725         tmp = stack.back();
1726         stack.pop_back();
1727         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) >>= tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1728       }
1729       break;
1730 
1731     // OPCODE: DW_OP_xor
1732     // OPERANDS: none
1733     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack entries, performs the bitwise
1734     // exclusive-or operation on the two, and pushes the result.
1735     case DW_OP_xor:
1736       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1737         if (error_ptr)
1738           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1739               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_xor.");
1740         return false;
1741       } else {
1742         tmp = stack.back();
1743         stack.pop_back();
1744         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1745             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) ^ tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1746       }
1747       break;
1748 
1749     // OPCODE: DW_OP_skip
1750     // OPERANDS: int16_t
1751     // DESCRIPTION:  An unconditional branch. Its single operand is a 2-byte
1752     // signed integer constant. The 2-byte constant is the number of bytes of
1753     // the DWARF expression to skip forward or backward from the current
1754     // operation, beginning after the 2-byte constant.
1755     case DW_OP_skip: {
1756       int16_t skip_offset = (int16_t)opcodes.GetU16(&offset);
1757       lldb::offset_t new_offset = offset + skip_offset;
1758       if (opcodes.ValidOffset(new_offset))
1759         offset = new_offset;
1760       else {
1761         if (error_ptr)
1762           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid opcode offset in DW_OP_skip.");
1763         return false;
1764       }
1765     } break;
1766 
1767     // OPCODE: DW_OP_bra
1768     // OPERANDS: int16_t
1769     // DESCRIPTION: A conditional branch. Its single operand is a 2-byte
1770     // signed integer constant. This operation pops the top of stack. If the
1771     // value popped is not the constant 0, the 2-byte constant operand is the
1772     // number of bytes of the DWARF expression to skip forward or backward from
1773     // the current operation, beginning after the 2-byte constant.
1774     case DW_OP_bra:
1775       if (stack.empty()) {
1776         if (error_ptr)
1777           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1778               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_bra.");
1779         return false;
1780       } else {
1781         tmp = stack.back();
1782         stack.pop_back();
1783         int16_t bra_offset = (int16_t)opcodes.GetU16(&offset);
1784         Scalar zero(0);
1785         if (tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx) != zero) {
1786           lldb::offset_t new_offset = offset + bra_offset;
1787           if (opcodes.ValidOffset(new_offset))
1788             offset = new_offset;
1789           else {
1790             if (error_ptr)
1791               error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid opcode offset in DW_OP_bra.");
1792             return false;
1793           }
1794         }
1795       }
1796       break;
1797 
1798     // OPCODE: DW_OP_eq
1799     // OPERANDS: none
1800     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1801     // equals (==) operator.
1802     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1803     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1804     // operation is false.
1805     case DW_OP_eq:
1806       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1807         if (error_ptr)
1808           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1809               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_eq.");
1810         return false;
1811       } else {
1812         tmp = stack.back();
1813         stack.pop_back();
1814         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1815             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) == tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1816       }
1817       break;
1818 
1819     // OPCODE: DW_OP_ge
1820     // OPERANDS: none
1821     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1822     // greater than or equal to (>=) operator.
1823     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1824     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1825     // operation is false.
1826     case DW_OP_ge:
1827       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1828         if (error_ptr)
1829           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1830               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_ge.");
1831         return false;
1832       } else {
1833         tmp = stack.back();
1834         stack.pop_back();
1835         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1836             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) >= tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1837       }
1838       break;
1839 
1840     // OPCODE: DW_OP_gt
1841     // OPERANDS: none
1842     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1843     // greater than (>) operator.
1844     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1845     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1846     // operation is false.
1847     case DW_OP_gt:
1848       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1849         if (error_ptr)
1850           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1851               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_gt.");
1852         return false;
1853       } else {
1854         tmp = stack.back();
1855         stack.pop_back();
1856         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1857             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) > tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1858       }
1859       break;
1860 
1861     // OPCODE: DW_OP_le
1862     // OPERANDS: none
1863     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1864     // less than or equal to (<=) operator.
1865     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1866     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1867     // operation is false.
1868     case DW_OP_le:
1869       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1870         if (error_ptr)
1871           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1872               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_le.");
1873         return false;
1874       } else {
1875         tmp = stack.back();
1876         stack.pop_back();
1877         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1878             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) <= tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1879       }
1880       break;
1881 
1882     // OPCODE: DW_OP_lt
1883     // OPERANDS: none
1884     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1885     // less than (<) operator.
1886     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1887     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1888     // operation is false.
1889     case DW_OP_lt:
1890       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1891         if (error_ptr)
1892           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1893               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_lt.");
1894         return false;
1895       } else {
1896         tmp = stack.back();
1897         stack.pop_back();
1898         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1899             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) < tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1900       }
1901       break;
1902 
1903     // OPCODE: DW_OP_ne
1904     // OPERANDS: none
1905     // DESCRIPTION: pops the top two stack values, compares using the
1906     // not equal (!=) operator.
1907     // STACK RESULT: push the constant value 1 onto the stack if the result
1908     // of the operation is true or the constant value 0 if the result of the
1909     // operation is false.
1910     case DW_OP_ne:
1911       if (stack.size() < 2) {
1912         if (error_ptr)
1913           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
1914               "Expression stack needs at least 2 items for DW_OP_ne.");
1915         return false;
1916       } else {
1917         tmp = stack.back();
1918         stack.pop_back();
1919         stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) =
1920             stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx) != tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
1921       }
1922       break;
1923 
1924     // OPCODE: DW_OP_litn
1925     // OPERANDS: none
1926     // DESCRIPTION: encode the unsigned literal values from 0 through 31.
1927     // STACK RESULT: push the unsigned literal constant value onto the top
1928     // of the stack.
1929     case DW_OP_lit0:
1930     case DW_OP_lit1:
1931     case DW_OP_lit2:
1932     case DW_OP_lit3:
1933     case DW_OP_lit4:
1934     case DW_OP_lit5:
1935     case DW_OP_lit6:
1936     case DW_OP_lit7:
1937     case DW_OP_lit8:
1938     case DW_OP_lit9:
1939     case DW_OP_lit10:
1940     case DW_OP_lit11:
1941     case DW_OP_lit12:
1942     case DW_OP_lit13:
1943     case DW_OP_lit14:
1944     case DW_OP_lit15:
1945     case DW_OP_lit16:
1946     case DW_OP_lit17:
1947     case DW_OP_lit18:
1948     case DW_OP_lit19:
1949     case DW_OP_lit20:
1950     case DW_OP_lit21:
1951     case DW_OP_lit22:
1952     case DW_OP_lit23:
1953     case DW_OP_lit24:
1954     case DW_OP_lit25:
1955     case DW_OP_lit26:
1956     case DW_OP_lit27:
1957     case DW_OP_lit28:
1958     case DW_OP_lit29:
1959     case DW_OP_lit30:
1960     case DW_OP_lit31:
1961       stack.push_back(to_generic(op - DW_OP_lit0));
1962       break;
1963 
1964     // OPCODE: DW_OP_regN
1965     // OPERANDS: none
1966     // DESCRIPTION: Push the value in register n on the top of the stack.
1967     case DW_OP_reg0:
1968     case DW_OP_reg1:
1969     case DW_OP_reg2:
1970     case DW_OP_reg3:
1971     case DW_OP_reg4:
1972     case DW_OP_reg5:
1973     case DW_OP_reg6:
1974     case DW_OP_reg7:
1975     case DW_OP_reg8:
1976     case DW_OP_reg9:
1977     case DW_OP_reg10:
1978     case DW_OP_reg11:
1979     case DW_OP_reg12:
1980     case DW_OP_reg13:
1981     case DW_OP_reg14:
1982     case DW_OP_reg15:
1983     case DW_OP_reg16:
1984     case DW_OP_reg17:
1985     case DW_OP_reg18:
1986     case DW_OP_reg19:
1987     case DW_OP_reg20:
1988     case DW_OP_reg21:
1989     case DW_OP_reg22:
1990     case DW_OP_reg23:
1991     case DW_OP_reg24:
1992     case DW_OP_reg25:
1993     case DW_OP_reg26:
1994     case DW_OP_reg27:
1995     case DW_OP_reg28:
1996     case DW_OP_reg29:
1997     case DW_OP_reg30:
1998     case DW_OP_reg31: {
1999       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Register;
2000       reg_num = op - DW_OP_reg0;
2001 
2002       if (ReadRegisterValueAsScalar(reg_ctx, reg_kind, reg_num, error_ptr, tmp))
2003         stack.push_back(tmp);
2004       else
2005         return false;
2006     } break;
2007     // OPCODE: DW_OP_regx
2008     // OPERANDS:
2009     //      ULEB128 literal operand that encodes the register.
2010     // DESCRIPTION: Push the value in register on the top of the stack.
2011     case DW_OP_regx: {
2012       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Register;
2013       reg_num = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2014       if (ReadRegisterValueAsScalar(reg_ctx, reg_kind, reg_num, error_ptr, tmp))
2015         stack.push_back(tmp);
2016       else
2017         return false;
2018     } break;
2019 
2020     // OPCODE: DW_OP_bregN
2021     // OPERANDS:
2022     //      SLEB128 offset from register N
2023     // DESCRIPTION: Value is in memory at the address specified by register
2024     // N plus an offset.
2025     case DW_OP_breg0:
2026     case DW_OP_breg1:
2027     case DW_OP_breg2:
2028     case DW_OP_breg3:
2029     case DW_OP_breg4:
2030     case DW_OP_breg5:
2031     case DW_OP_breg6:
2032     case DW_OP_breg7:
2033     case DW_OP_breg8:
2034     case DW_OP_breg9:
2035     case DW_OP_breg10:
2036     case DW_OP_breg11:
2037     case DW_OP_breg12:
2038     case DW_OP_breg13:
2039     case DW_OP_breg14:
2040     case DW_OP_breg15:
2041     case DW_OP_breg16:
2042     case DW_OP_breg17:
2043     case DW_OP_breg18:
2044     case DW_OP_breg19:
2045     case DW_OP_breg20:
2046     case DW_OP_breg21:
2047     case DW_OP_breg22:
2048     case DW_OP_breg23:
2049     case DW_OP_breg24:
2050     case DW_OP_breg25:
2051     case DW_OP_breg26:
2052     case DW_OP_breg27:
2053     case DW_OP_breg28:
2054     case DW_OP_breg29:
2055     case DW_OP_breg30:
2056     case DW_OP_breg31: {
2057       reg_num = op - DW_OP_breg0;
2058 
2059       if (ReadRegisterValueAsScalar(reg_ctx, reg_kind, reg_num, error_ptr,
2060                                     tmp)) {
2061         int64_t breg_offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&offset);
2062         tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx) += (uint64_t)breg_offset;
2063         tmp.ClearContext();
2064         stack.push_back(tmp);
2065         stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
2066       } else
2067         return false;
2068     } break;
2069     // OPCODE: DW_OP_bregx
2070     // OPERANDS: 2
2071     //      ULEB128 literal operand that encodes the register.
2072     //      SLEB128 offset from register N
2073     // DESCRIPTION: Value is in memory at the address specified by register
2074     // N plus an offset.
2075     case DW_OP_bregx: {
2076       reg_num = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2077 
2078       if (ReadRegisterValueAsScalar(reg_ctx, reg_kind, reg_num, error_ptr,
2079                                     tmp)) {
2080         int64_t breg_offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&offset);
2081         tmp.ResolveValue(exe_ctx) += (uint64_t)breg_offset;
2082         tmp.ClearContext();
2083         stack.push_back(tmp);
2084         stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
2085       } else
2086         return false;
2087     } break;
2088 
2089     case DW_OP_fbreg:
2090       if (exe_ctx) {
2091         if (frame) {
2092           Scalar value;
2093           if (frame->GetFrameBaseValue(value, error_ptr)) {
2094             int64_t fbreg_offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&offset);
2095             value += fbreg_offset;
2096             stack.push_back(value);
2097             stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
2098           } else
2099             return false;
2100         } else {
2101           if (error_ptr)
2102             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2103                 "Invalid stack frame in context for DW_OP_fbreg opcode.");
2104           return false;
2105         }
2106       } else {
2107         if (error_ptr)
2108           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2109               "NULL execution context for DW_OP_fbreg.\n");
2110         return false;
2111       }
2112 
2113       break;
2114 
2115     // OPCODE: DW_OP_nop
2116     // OPERANDS: none
2117     // DESCRIPTION: A place holder. It has no effect on the location stack
2118     // or any of its values.
2119     case DW_OP_nop:
2120       break;
2121 
2122     // OPCODE: DW_OP_piece
2123     // OPERANDS: 1
2124     //      ULEB128: byte size of the piece
2125     // DESCRIPTION: The operand describes the size in bytes of the piece of
2126     // the object referenced by the DWARF expression whose result is at the top
2127     // of the stack. If the piece is located in a register, but does not occupy
2128     // the entire register, the placement of the piece within that register is
2129     // defined by the ABI.
2130     //
2131     // Many compilers store a single variable in sets of registers, or store a
2132     // variable partially in memory and partially in registers. DW_OP_piece
2133     // provides a way of describing how large a part of a variable a particular
2134     // DWARF expression refers to.
2135     case DW_OP_piece: {
2136       LocationDescriptionKind piece_locdesc = dwarf4_location_description_kind;
2137       // Reset for the next piece.
2138       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Memory;
2139 
2140       const uint64_t piece_byte_size = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2141 
2142       if (piece_byte_size > 0) {
2143         Value curr_piece;
2144 
2145         if (stack.empty()) {
2146           UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(
2147               log, dwarf_cu, LocationDescriptionKind::Empty);
2148           // In a multi-piece expression, this means that the current piece is
2149           // not available. Fill with zeros for now by resizing the data and
2150           // appending it
2151           curr_piece.ResizeData(piece_byte_size);
2152           // Note that "0" is not a correct value for the unknown bits.
2153           // It would be better to also return a mask of valid bits together
2154           // with the expression result, so the debugger can print missing
2155           // members as "<optimized out>" or something.
2156           ::memset(curr_piece.GetBuffer().GetBytes(), 0, piece_byte_size);
2157           pieces.AppendDataToHostBuffer(curr_piece);
2158         } else {
2159           Status error;
2160           // Extract the current piece into "curr_piece"
2161           Value curr_piece_source_value(stack.back());
2162           stack.pop_back();
2163           UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(log, dwarf_cu, piece_locdesc,
2164                                                  &curr_piece_source_value);
2165 
2166           const Value::ValueType curr_piece_source_value_type =
2167               curr_piece_source_value.GetValueType();
2168           switch (curr_piece_source_value_type) {
2169           case Value::ValueType::Invalid:
2170             return false;
2171           case Value::ValueType::LoadAddress:
2172             if (process) {
2173               if (curr_piece.ResizeData(piece_byte_size) == piece_byte_size) {
2174                 lldb::addr_t load_addr =
2175                     curr_piece_source_value.GetScalar().ULongLong(
2176                         LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
2177                 if (process->ReadMemory(
2178                         load_addr, curr_piece.GetBuffer().GetBytes(),
2179                         piece_byte_size, error) != piece_byte_size) {
2180                   if (error_ptr)
2181                     error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2182                         "failed to read memory DW_OP_piece(%" PRIu64
2183                         ") from 0x%" PRIx64,
2184                         piece_byte_size, load_addr);
2185                   return false;
2186                 }
2187               } else {
2188                 if (error_ptr)
2189                   error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2190                       "failed to resize the piece memory buffer for "
2191                       "DW_OP_piece(%" PRIu64 ")",
2192                       piece_byte_size);
2193                 return false;
2194               }
2195             }
2196             break;
2197 
2198           case Value::ValueType::FileAddress:
2199           case Value::ValueType::HostAddress:
2200             if (error_ptr) {
2201               lldb::addr_t addr = curr_piece_source_value.GetScalar().ULongLong(
2202                   LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
2203               error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2204                   "failed to read memory DW_OP_piece(%" PRIu64
2205                   ") from %s address 0x%" PRIx64,
2206                   piece_byte_size, curr_piece_source_value.GetValueType() ==
2207                                            Value::ValueType::FileAddress
2208                                        ? "file"
2209                                        : "host",
2210                   addr);
2211             }
2212             return false;
2213 
2214           case Value::ValueType::Scalar: {
2215             uint32_t bit_size = piece_byte_size * 8;
2216             uint32_t bit_offset = 0;
2217             Scalar &scalar = curr_piece_source_value.GetScalar();
2218             if (!scalar.ExtractBitfield(
2219                     bit_size, bit_offset)) {
2220               if (error_ptr)
2221                 error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2222                     "unable to extract %" PRIu64 " bytes from a %" PRIu64
2223                     " byte scalar value.",
2224                     piece_byte_size,
2225                     (uint64_t)curr_piece_source_value.GetScalar()
2226                         .GetByteSize());
2227               return false;
2228             }
2229             // Create curr_piece with bit_size. By default Scalar
2230             // grows to the nearest host integer type.
2231             llvm::APInt fail_value(1, 0, false);
2232             llvm::APInt ap_int = scalar.UInt128(fail_value);
2233             assert(ap_int.getBitWidth() >= bit_size);
2234             llvm::ArrayRef<uint64_t> buf{ap_int.getRawData(),
2235                                          ap_int.getNumWords()};
2236             curr_piece.GetScalar() = Scalar(llvm::APInt(bit_size, buf));
2237           } break;
2238           }
2239 
2240           // Check if this is the first piece?
2241           if (op_piece_offset == 0) {
2242             // This is the first piece, we should push it back onto the stack
2243             // so subsequent pieces will be able to access this piece and add
2244             // to it.
2245             if (pieces.AppendDataToHostBuffer(curr_piece) == 0) {
2246               if (error_ptr)
2247                 error_ptr->SetErrorString("failed to append piece data");
2248               return false;
2249             }
2250           } else {
2251             // If this is the second or later piece there should be a value on
2252             // the stack.
2253             if (pieces.GetBuffer().GetByteSize() != op_piece_offset) {
2254               if (error_ptr)
2255                 error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2256                     "DW_OP_piece for offset %" PRIu64
2257                     " but top of stack is of size %" PRIu64,
2258                     op_piece_offset, pieces.GetBuffer().GetByteSize());
2259               return false;
2260             }
2261 
2262             if (pieces.AppendDataToHostBuffer(curr_piece) == 0) {
2263               if (error_ptr)
2264                 error_ptr->SetErrorString("failed to append piece data");
2265               return false;
2266             }
2267           }
2268         }
2269         op_piece_offset += piece_byte_size;
2270       }
2271     } break;
2272 
2273     case DW_OP_bit_piece: // 0x9d ULEB128 bit size, ULEB128 bit offset (DWARF3);
2274       if (stack.size() < 1) {
2275         UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(log, dwarf_cu,
2276                                                LocationDescriptionKind::Empty);
2277         // Reset for the next piece.
2278         dwarf4_location_description_kind = Memory;
2279         if (error_ptr)
2280           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2281               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_bit_piece.");
2282         return false;
2283       } else {
2284         UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(
2285             log, dwarf_cu, dwarf4_location_description_kind, &stack.back());
2286         // Reset for the next piece.
2287         dwarf4_location_description_kind = Memory;
2288         const uint64_t piece_bit_size = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2289         const uint64_t piece_bit_offset = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2290         switch (stack.back().GetValueType()) {
2291         case Value::ValueType::Invalid:
2292           return false;
2293         case Value::ValueType::Scalar: {
2294           if (!stack.back().GetScalar().ExtractBitfield(piece_bit_size,
2295                                                         piece_bit_offset)) {
2296             if (error_ptr)
2297               error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2298                   "unable to extract %" PRIu64 " bit value with %" PRIu64
2299                   " bit offset from a %" PRIu64 " bit scalar value.",
2300                   piece_bit_size, piece_bit_offset,
2301                   (uint64_t)(stack.back().GetScalar().GetByteSize() * 8));
2302             return false;
2303           }
2304         } break;
2305 
2306         case Value::ValueType::FileAddress:
2307         case Value::ValueType::LoadAddress:
2308         case Value::ValueType::HostAddress:
2309           if (error_ptr) {
2310             error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormat(
2311                 "unable to extract DW_OP_bit_piece(bit_size = %" PRIu64
2312                 ", bit_offset = %" PRIu64 ") from an address value.",
2313                 piece_bit_size, piece_bit_offset);
2314           }
2315           return false;
2316         }
2317       }
2318       break;
2319 
2320     // OPCODE: DW_OP_implicit_value
2321     // OPERANDS: 2
2322     //      ULEB128  size of the value block in bytes
2323     //      uint8_t* block bytes encoding value in target's memory
2324     //      representation
2325     // DESCRIPTION: Value is immediately stored in block in the debug info with
2326     // the memory representation of the target.
2327     case DW_OP_implicit_value: {
2328       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Implicit;
2329 
2330       const uint32_t len = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2331       const void *data = opcodes.GetData(&offset, len);
2332 
2333       if (!data) {
2334         LLDB_LOG(log, "Evaluate_DW_OP_implicit_value: could not be read data");
2335         LLDB_ERRORF(error_ptr, "Could not evaluate %s.",
2336                     DW_OP_value_to_name(op));
2337         return false;
2338       }
2339 
2340       Value result(data, len);
2341       stack.push_back(result);
2342       break;
2343     }
2344 
2345     case DW_OP_implicit_pointer: {
2346       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Implicit;
2347       LLDB_ERRORF(error_ptr, "Could not evaluate %s.", DW_OP_value_to_name(op));
2348       return false;
2349     }
2350 
2351     // OPCODE: DW_OP_push_object_address
2352     // OPERANDS: none
2353     // DESCRIPTION: Pushes the address of the object currently being
2354     // evaluated as part of evaluation of a user presented expression. This
2355     // object may correspond to an independent variable described by its own
2356     // DIE or it may be a component of an array, structure, or class whose
2357     // address has been dynamically determined by an earlier step during user
2358     // expression evaluation.
2359     case DW_OP_push_object_address:
2360       if (object_address_ptr)
2361         stack.push_back(*object_address_ptr);
2362       else {
2363         if (error_ptr)
2364           error_ptr->SetErrorString("DW_OP_push_object_address used without "
2365                                     "specifying an object address");
2366         return false;
2367       }
2368       break;
2369 
2370     // OPCODE: DW_OP_call2
2371     // OPERANDS:
2372     //      uint16_t compile unit relative offset of a DIE
2373     // DESCRIPTION: Performs subroutine calls during evaluation
2374     // of a DWARF expression. The operand is the 2-byte unsigned offset of a
2375     // debugging information entry in the current compilation unit.
2376     //
2377     // Operand interpretation is exactly like that for DW_FORM_ref2.
2378     //
2379     // This operation transfers control of DWARF expression evaluation to the
2380     // DW_AT_location attribute of the referenced DIE. If there is no such
2381     // attribute, then there is no effect. Execution of the DWARF expression of
2382     // a DW_AT_location attribute may add to and/or remove from values on the
2383     // stack. Execution returns to the point following the call when the end of
2384     // the attribute is reached. Values on the stack at the time of the call
2385     // may be used as parameters by the called expression and values left on
2386     // the stack by the called expression may be used as return values by prior
2387     // agreement between the calling and called expressions.
2388     case DW_OP_call2:
2389       if (error_ptr)
2390         error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unimplemented opcode DW_OP_call2.");
2391       return false;
2392     // OPCODE: DW_OP_call4
2393     // OPERANDS: 1
2394     //      uint32_t compile unit relative offset of a DIE
2395     // DESCRIPTION: Performs a subroutine call during evaluation of a DWARF
2396     // expression. For DW_OP_call4, the operand is a 4-byte unsigned offset of
2397     // a debugging information entry in  the current compilation unit.
2398     //
2399     // Operand interpretation DW_OP_call4 is exactly like that for
2400     // DW_FORM_ref4.
2401     //
2402     // This operation transfers control of DWARF expression evaluation to the
2403     // DW_AT_location attribute of the referenced DIE. If there is no such
2404     // attribute, then there is no effect. Execution of the DWARF expression of
2405     // a DW_AT_location attribute may add to and/or remove from values on the
2406     // stack. Execution returns to the point following the call when the end of
2407     // the attribute is reached. Values on the stack at the time of the call
2408     // may be used as parameters by the called expression and values left on
2409     // the stack by the called expression may be used as return values by prior
2410     // agreement between the calling and called expressions.
2411     case DW_OP_call4:
2412       if (error_ptr)
2413         error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unimplemented opcode DW_OP_call4.");
2414       return false;
2415 
2416     // OPCODE: DW_OP_stack_value
2417     // OPERANDS: None
2418     // DESCRIPTION: Specifies that the object does not exist in memory but
2419     // rather is a constant value.  The value from the top of the stack is the
2420     // value to be used.  This is the actual object value and not the location.
2421     case DW_OP_stack_value:
2422       dwarf4_location_description_kind = Implicit;
2423       if (stack.empty()) {
2424         if (error_ptr)
2425           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2426               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_stack_value.");
2427         return false;
2428       }
2429       stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::Scalar);
2430       break;
2431 
2432     // OPCODE: DW_OP_convert
2433     // OPERANDS: 1
2434     //      A ULEB128 that is either a DIE offset of a
2435     //      DW_TAG_base_type or 0 for the generic (pointer-sized) type.
2436     //
2437     // DESCRIPTION: Pop the top stack element, convert it to a
2438     // different type, and push the result.
2439     case DW_OP_convert: {
2440       if (stack.size() < 1) {
2441         if (error_ptr)
2442           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2443               "Expression stack needs at least 1 item for DW_OP_convert.");
2444         return false;
2445       }
2446       const uint64_t die_offset = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2447       uint64_t bit_size;
2448       bool sign;
2449       if (die_offset == 0) {
2450         // The generic type has the size of an address on the target
2451         // machine and an unspecified signedness. Scalar has no
2452         // "unspecified signedness", so we use unsigned types.
2453         if (!module_sp) {
2454           if (error_ptr)
2455             error_ptr->SetErrorString("No module");
2456           return false;
2457         }
2458         sign = false;
2459         bit_size = module_sp->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize() * 8;
2460         if (!bit_size) {
2461           if (error_ptr)
2462             error_ptr->SetErrorString("unspecified architecture");
2463           return false;
2464         }
2465       } else {
2466         // Retrieve the type DIE that the value is being converted to.
2467         // FIXME: the constness has annoying ripple effects.
2468         DWARFDIE die = const_cast<DWARFUnit *>(dwarf_cu)->GetDIE(die_offset);
2469         if (!die) {
2470           if (error_ptr)
2471             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Cannot resolve DW_OP_convert type DIE");
2472           return false;
2473         }
2474         uint64_t encoding =
2475             die.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(DW_AT_encoding, DW_ATE_hi_user);
2476         bit_size = die.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(DW_AT_byte_size, 0) * 8;
2477         if (!bit_size)
2478           bit_size = die.GetAttributeValueAsUnsigned(DW_AT_bit_size, 0);
2479         if (!bit_size) {
2480           if (error_ptr)
2481             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unsupported type size in DW_OP_convert");
2482           return false;
2483         }
2484         switch (encoding) {
2485         case DW_ATE_signed:
2486         case DW_ATE_signed_char:
2487           sign = true;
2488           break;
2489         case DW_ATE_unsigned:
2490         case DW_ATE_unsigned_char:
2491           sign = false;
2492           break;
2493         default:
2494           if (error_ptr)
2495             error_ptr->SetErrorString("Unsupported encoding in DW_OP_convert");
2496           return false;
2497         }
2498       }
2499       Scalar &top = stack.back().ResolveValue(exe_ctx);
2500       top.TruncOrExtendTo(bit_size, sign);
2501       break;
2502     }
2503 
2504     // OPCODE: DW_OP_call_frame_cfa
2505     // OPERANDS: None
2506     // DESCRIPTION: Specifies a DWARF expression that pushes the value of
2507     // the canonical frame address consistent with the call frame information
2508     // located in .debug_frame (or in the FDEs of the eh_frame section).
2509     case DW_OP_call_frame_cfa:
2510       if (frame) {
2511         // Note that we don't have to parse FDEs because this DWARF expression
2512         // is commonly evaluated with a valid stack frame.
2513         StackID id = frame->GetStackID();
2514         addr_t cfa = id.GetCallFrameAddress();
2515         if (cfa != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
2516           stack.push_back(Scalar(cfa));
2517           stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
2518         } else if (error_ptr)
2519           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Stack frame does not include a canonical "
2520                                     "frame address for DW_OP_call_frame_cfa "
2521                                     "opcode.");
2522       } else {
2523         if (error_ptr)
2524           error_ptr->SetErrorString("Invalid stack frame in context for "
2525                                     "DW_OP_call_frame_cfa opcode.");
2526         return false;
2527       }
2528       break;
2529 
2530     // OPCODE: DW_OP_form_tls_address (or the old pre-DWARFv3 vendor extension
2531     // opcode, DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address)
2532     // OPERANDS: none
2533     // DESCRIPTION: Pops a TLS offset from the stack, converts it to
2534     // an address in the current thread's thread-local storage block, and
2535     // pushes it on the stack.
2536     case DW_OP_form_tls_address:
2537     case DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address: {
2538       if (stack.size() < 1) {
2539         if (error_ptr) {
2540           if (op == DW_OP_form_tls_address)
2541             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2542                 "DW_OP_form_tls_address needs an argument.");
2543           else
2544             error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2545                 "DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address needs an argument.");
2546         }
2547         return false;
2548       }
2549 
2550       if (!exe_ctx || !module_sp) {
2551         if (error_ptr)
2552           error_ptr->SetErrorString("No context to evaluate TLS within.");
2553         return false;
2554       }
2555 
2556       Thread *thread = exe_ctx->GetThreadPtr();
2557       if (!thread) {
2558         if (error_ptr)
2559           error_ptr->SetErrorString("No thread to evaluate TLS within.");
2560         return false;
2561       }
2562 
2563       // Lookup the TLS block address for this thread and module.
2564       const addr_t tls_file_addr =
2565           stack.back().GetScalar().ULongLong(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS);
2566       const addr_t tls_load_addr =
2567           thread->GetThreadLocalData(module_sp, tls_file_addr);
2568 
2569       if (tls_load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
2570         if (error_ptr)
2571           error_ptr->SetErrorString(
2572               "No TLS data currently exists for this thread.");
2573         return false;
2574       }
2575 
2576       stack.back().GetScalar() = tls_load_addr;
2577       stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::LoadAddress);
2578     } break;
2579 
2580     // OPCODE: DW_OP_addrx (DW_OP_GNU_addr_index is the legacy name.)
2581     // OPERANDS: 1
2582     //      ULEB128: index to the .debug_addr section
2583     // DESCRIPTION: Pushes an address to the stack from the .debug_addr
2584     // section with the base address specified by the DW_AT_addr_base attribute
2585     // and the 0 based index is the ULEB128 encoded index.
2586     case DW_OP_addrx:
2587     case DW_OP_GNU_addr_index: {
2588       if (!dwarf_cu) {
2589         if (error_ptr)
2590           error_ptr->SetErrorString("DW_OP_GNU_addr_index found without a "
2591                                     "compile unit being specified");
2592         return false;
2593       }
2594       uint64_t index = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2595       lldb::addr_t value = ReadAddressFromDebugAddrSection(dwarf_cu, index);
2596       stack.push_back(Scalar(value));
2597       stack.back().SetValueType(Value::ValueType::FileAddress);
2598     } break;
2599 
2600     // OPCODE: DW_OP_GNU_const_index
2601     // OPERANDS: 1
2602     //      ULEB128: index to the .debug_addr section
2603     // DESCRIPTION: Pushes an constant with the size of a machine address to
2604     // the stack from the .debug_addr section with the base address specified
2605     // by the DW_AT_addr_base attribute and the 0 based index is the ULEB128
2606     // encoded index.
2607     case DW_OP_GNU_const_index: {
2608       if (!dwarf_cu) {
2609         if (error_ptr)
2610           error_ptr->SetErrorString("DW_OP_GNU_const_index found without a "
2611                                     "compile unit being specified");
2612         return false;
2613       }
2614       uint64_t index = opcodes.GetULEB128(&offset);
2615       lldb::addr_t value = ReadAddressFromDebugAddrSection(dwarf_cu, index);
2616       stack.push_back(Scalar(value));
2617     } break;
2618 
2619     case DW_OP_GNU_entry_value:
2620     case DW_OP_entry_value: {
2621       if (!Evaluate_DW_OP_entry_value(stack, exe_ctx, reg_ctx, opcodes, offset,
2622                                       error_ptr, log)) {
2623         LLDB_ERRORF(error_ptr, "Could not evaluate %s.",
2624                     DW_OP_value_to_name(op));
2625         return false;
2626       }
2627       break;
2628     }
2629 
2630     default:
2631       if (error_ptr)
2632         error_ptr->SetErrorStringWithFormatv(
2633             "Unhandled opcode {0} in DWARFExpression", LocationAtom(op));
2634       return false;
2635     }
2636   }
2637 
2638   if (stack.empty()) {
2639     // Nothing on the stack, check if we created a piece value from DW_OP_piece
2640     // or DW_OP_bit_piece opcodes
2641     if (pieces.GetBuffer().GetByteSize()) {
2642       result = pieces;
2643       return true;
2644     }
2645     if (error_ptr)
2646       error_ptr->SetErrorString("Stack empty after evaluation.");
2647     return false;
2648   }
2649 
2650   UpdateValueTypeFromLocationDescription(
2651       log, dwarf_cu, dwarf4_location_description_kind, &stack.back());
2652 
2653   if (log && log->GetVerbose()) {
2654     size_t count = stack.size();
2655     LLDB_LOGF(log,
2656               "Stack after operation has %" PRIu64 " values:", (uint64_t)count);
2657     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
2658       StreamString new_value;
2659       new_value.Printf("[%" PRIu64 "]", (uint64_t)i);
2660       stack[i].Dump(&new_value);
2661       LLDB_LOGF(log, "  %s", new_value.GetData());
2662     }
2663   }
2664   result = stack.back();
2665   return true; // Return true on success
2666 }
2667 
2668 static DataExtractor ToDataExtractor(const llvm::DWARFLocationExpression &loc,
2669                                      ByteOrder byte_order, uint32_t addr_size) {
2670   auto buffer_sp =
2671       std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(loc.Expr.data(), loc.Expr.size());
2672   return DataExtractor(buffer_sp, byte_order, addr_size);
2673 }
2674 
2675 bool DWARFExpression::DumpLocations(Stream *s, lldb::DescriptionLevel level,
2676                                     addr_t load_function_start, addr_t addr,
2677                                     ABI *abi) {
2678   if (!IsLocationList()) {
2679     DumpLocation(s, m_data, level, abi);
2680     return true;
2681   }
2682   bool dump_all = addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
2683   llvm::ListSeparator separator;
2684   auto callback = [&](llvm::DWARFLocationExpression loc) -> bool {
2685     if (loc.Range &&
2686         (dump_all || (loc.Range->LowPC <= addr && addr < loc.Range->HighPC))) {
2687       uint32_t addr_size = m_data.GetAddressByteSize();
2688       DataExtractor data = ToDataExtractor(loc, m_data.GetByteOrder(),
2689                                            m_data.GetAddressByteSize());
2690       s->AsRawOstream() << separator;
2691       s->PutCString("[");
2692       s->AsRawOstream() << llvm::format_hex(loc.Range->LowPC,
2693                                             2 + 2 * addr_size);
2694       s->PutCString(", ");
2695       s->AsRawOstream() << llvm::format_hex(loc.Range->HighPC,
2696                                             2 + 2 * addr_size);
2697       s->PutCString(") -> ");
2698       DumpLocation(s, data, level, abi);
2699       return dump_all;
2700     }
2701     return true;
2702   };
2703   if (!GetLocationExpressions(load_function_start, callback))
2704     return false;
2705   return true;
2706 }
2707 
2708 bool DWARFExpression::GetLocationExpressions(
2709     addr_t load_function_start,
2710     llvm::function_ref<bool(llvm::DWARFLocationExpression)> callback) const {
2711   if (load_function_start == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
2712     return false;
2713 
2714   Log *log = GetLog(LLDBLog::Expressions);
2715 
2716   std::unique_ptr<llvm::DWARFLocationTable> loctable_up =
2717       m_dwarf_cu->GetLocationTable(m_data);
2718 
2719   uint64_t offset = 0;
2720   auto lookup_addr =
2721       [&](uint32_t index) -> llvm::Optional<llvm::object::SectionedAddress> {
2722     addr_t address = ReadAddressFromDebugAddrSection(m_dwarf_cu, index);
2723     if (address == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
2724       return llvm::None;
2725     return llvm::object::SectionedAddress{address};
2726   };
2727   auto process_list = [&](llvm::Expected<llvm::DWARFLocationExpression> loc) {
2728     if (!loc) {
2729       LLDB_LOG_ERROR(log, loc.takeError(), "{0}");
2730       return true;
2731     }
2732     if (loc->Range) {
2733       // This relocates low_pc and high_pc by adding the difference between the
2734       // function file address, and the actual address it is loaded in memory.
2735       addr_t slide = load_function_start - m_loclist_addresses->func_file_addr;
2736       loc->Range->LowPC += slide;
2737       loc->Range->HighPC += slide;
2738     }
2739     return callback(*loc);
2740   };
2741   llvm::Error error = loctable_up->visitAbsoluteLocationList(
2742       offset, llvm::object::SectionedAddress{m_loclist_addresses->cu_file_addr},
2743       lookup_addr, process_list);
2744   if (error) {
2745     LLDB_LOG_ERROR(log, std::move(error), "{0}");
2746     return false;
2747   }
2748   return true;
2749 }
2750 
2751 llvm::Optional<DataExtractor>
2752 DWARFExpression::GetLocationExpression(addr_t load_function_start,
2753                                        addr_t addr) const {
2754   llvm::Optional<DataExtractor> data;
2755   auto callback = [&](llvm::DWARFLocationExpression loc) {
2756     if (loc.Range && loc.Range->LowPC <= addr && addr < loc.Range->HighPC) {
2757       data = ToDataExtractor(loc, m_data.GetByteOrder(),
2758                              m_data.GetAddressByteSize());
2759     }
2760     return !data;
2761   };
2762   GetLocationExpressions(load_function_start, callback);
2763   return data;
2764 }
2765 
2766 bool DWARFExpression::MatchesOperand(StackFrame &frame,
2767                                      const Instruction::Operand &operand) {
2768   using namespace OperandMatchers;
2769 
2770   RegisterContextSP reg_ctx_sp = frame.GetRegisterContext();
2771   if (!reg_ctx_sp) {
2772     return false;
2773   }
2774 
2775   DataExtractor opcodes;
2776   if (IsLocationList()) {
2777     SymbolContext sc = frame.GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextFunction);
2778     if (!sc.function)
2779       return false;
2780 
2781     addr_t load_function_start =
2782         sc.function->GetAddressRange().GetBaseAddress().GetFileAddress();
2783     if (load_function_start == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)
2784       return false;
2785 
2786     addr_t pc = frame.GetFrameCodeAddress().GetLoadAddress(
2787         frame.CalculateTarget().get());
2788 
2789     if (llvm::Optional<DataExtractor> expr =
2790             GetLocationExpression(load_function_start, pc))
2791       opcodes = std::move(*expr);
2792     else
2793       return false;
2794   } else
2795     opcodes = m_data;
2796 
2797 
2798   lldb::offset_t op_offset = 0;
2799   uint8_t opcode = opcodes.GetU8(&op_offset);
2800 
2801   if (opcode == DW_OP_fbreg) {
2802     int64_t offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&op_offset);
2803 
2804     DWARFExpression *fb_expr = frame.GetFrameBaseExpression(nullptr);
2805     if (!fb_expr) {
2806       return false;
2807     }
2808 
2809     auto recurse = [&frame, fb_expr](const Instruction::Operand &child) {
2810       return fb_expr->MatchesOperand(frame, child);
2811     };
2812 
2813     if (!offset &&
2814         MatchUnaryOp(MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Dereference),
2815                      recurse)(operand)) {
2816       return true;
2817     }
2818 
2819     return MatchUnaryOp(
2820         MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Dereference),
2821         MatchBinaryOp(MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Sum),
2822                       MatchImmOp(offset), recurse))(operand);
2823   }
2824 
2825   bool dereference = false;
2826   const RegisterInfo *reg = nullptr;
2827   int64_t offset = 0;
2828 
2829   if (opcode >= DW_OP_reg0 && opcode <= DW_OP_reg31) {
2830     reg = reg_ctx_sp->GetRegisterInfo(m_reg_kind, opcode - DW_OP_reg0);
2831   } else if (opcode >= DW_OP_breg0 && opcode <= DW_OP_breg31) {
2832     offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&op_offset);
2833     reg = reg_ctx_sp->GetRegisterInfo(m_reg_kind, opcode - DW_OP_breg0);
2834   } else if (opcode == DW_OP_regx) {
2835     uint32_t reg_num = static_cast<uint32_t>(opcodes.GetULEB128(&op_offset));
2836     reg = reg_ctx_sp->GetRegisterInfo(m_reg_kind, reg_num);
2837   } else if (opcode == DW_OP_bregx) {
2838     uint32_t reg_num = static_cast<uint32_t>(opcodes.GetULEB128(&op_offset));
2839     offset = opcodes.GetSLEB128(&op_offset);
2840     reg = reg_ctx_sp->GetRegisterInfo(m_reg_kind, reg_num);
2841   } else {
2842     return false;
2843   }
2844 
2845   if (!reg) {
2846     return false;
2847   }
2848 
2849   if (dereference) {
2850     if (!offset &&
2851         MatchUnaryOp(MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Dereference),
2852                      MatchRegOp(*reg))(operand)) {
2853       return true;
2854     }
2855 
2856     return MatchUnaryOp(
2857         MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Dereference),
2858         MatchBinaryOp(MatchOpType(Instruction::Operand::Type::Sum),
2859                       MatchRegOp(*reg),
2860                       MatchImmOp(offset)))(operand);
2861   } else {
2862     return MatchRegOp(*reg)(operand);
2863   }
2864 }
2865