1 //===-- Mangled.cpp ---------------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 
10 
11 // FreeBSD9-STABLE requires this to know about size_t in cxxabi.h
12 #include <cstddef>
13 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
14 // Cannot enable the builtin demangler on msvc as it does not support the cpp11 within the implementation.
15 #elif defined (__FreeBSD__)
16 #define LLDB_USE_BUILTIN_DEMANGLER
17 #else
18 #include <cxxabi.h>
19 #endif
20 
21 #ifdef LLDB_USE_BUILTIN_DEMANGLER
22 
23 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
24 // Inlined copy of:
25 // http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxxabi/trunk/src/cxa_demangle.cpp
26 // revision 197169.
27 //
28 // Changes include:
29 // - remove the "__cxxabiv1" namespace
30 // - stripped GCC attributes()
31 // - removed extern "C" from the cxa_demangle function
32 // - Changed the scope of the unnamed namespace to include cxa_demangle
33 //   function.
34 // - Added "#undef _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE" to avoid warning
35 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
36 
37 #undef _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE // Avoid warning below
38 
39 //===-------------------------- cxa_demangle.cpp --------------------------===//
40 //
41 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
42 //
43 // This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
44 // Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
45 //
46 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
47 
48 #define _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(...)
49 #define _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
50 
51 #include <vector>
52 #include <algorithm>
53 #include <string>
54 #include <numeric>
55 #include <cstdlib>
56 #include <cstring>
57 #include <cctype>
58 
59 
60 namespace
61 {
62 
63 enum
64 {
65     unknown_error = -4,
66     invalid_args = -3,
67     invalid_mangled_name,
68     memory_alloc_failure,
69     success
70 };
71 
72 template <class C>
73     const char* parse_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
74 template <class C>
75     const char* parse_encoding(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
76 template <class C>
77     const char* parse_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
78 template <class C>
79     const char* parse_expression(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
80 template <class C>
81     const char* parse_template_args(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
82 template <class C>
83     const char* parse_operator_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
84 template <class C>
85     const char* parse_unqualified_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
86 template <class C>
87     const char* parse_decltype(const char* first, const char* last, C& db);
88 
89 template <class C>
90 void
91 print_stack(const C& db)
92 {
93     printf("---------\n");
94     printf("names:\n");
95     for (auto& s : db.names)
96         printf("{%s#%s}\n", s.first.c_str(), s.second.c_str());
97     int i = -1;
98     printf("subs:\n");
99     for (auto& v : db.subs)
100     {
101         if (i >= 0)
102             printf("S%i_ = {", i);
103         else
104             printf("S_  = {");
105         for (auto& s : v)
106             printf("{%s#%s}", s.first.c_str(), s.second.c_str());
107         printf("}\n");
108         ++i;
109     }
110     printf("template_param:\n");
111     for (auto& t : db.template_param)
112     {
113         printf("--\n");
114         i = -1;
115         for (auto& v : t)
116         {
117             if (i >= 0)
118                 printf("T%i_ = {", i);
119             else
120                 printf("T_  = {");
121             for (auto& s : v)
122                 printf("{%s#%s}", s.first.c_str(), s.second.c_str());
123             printf("}\n");
124             ++i;
125         }
126     }
127     printf("---------\n\n");
128 }
129 
130 template <class C>
131 void
132 print_state(const char* msg, const char* first, const char* last, const C& db)
133 {
134     printf("%s: ", msg);
135     for (; first != last; ++first)
136         printf("%c", *first);
137     printf("\n");
138     print_stack(db);
139 }
140 
141 // <number> ::= [n] <non-negative decimal integer>
142 
143 const char*
144 parse_number(const char* first, const char* last)
145 {
146     if (first != last)
147     {
148         const char* t = first;
149         if (*t == 'n')
150             ++t;
151         if (t != last)
152         {
153             if (*t == '0')
154             {
155                 first = t+1;
156             }
157             else if ('1' <= *t && *t <= '9')
158             {
159                 first = t+1;
160                 while (first != last && std::isdigit(*first))
161                     ++first;
162             }
163         }
164     }
165     return first;
166 }
167 
168 template <class Float>
169 struct float_data;
170 
171 template <>
172 struct float_data<float>
173 {
174     static const size_t mangled_size = 8;
175     static const size_t max_demangled_size = 24;
176     static constexpr const char* spec = "%af";
177 };
178 
179 constexpr const char* float_data<float>::spec;
180 
181 template <>
182 struct float_data<double>
183 {
184     static const size_t mangled_size = 16;
185     static const size_t max_demangled_size = 32;
186     static constexpr const char* spec = "%a";
187 };
188 
189 constexpr const char* float_data<double>::spec;
190 
191 template <>
192 struct float_data<long double>
193 {
194     static const size_t mangled_size = 20;  // May need to be adjusted to 16 or 24 on other platforms
195     static const size_t max_demangled_size = 40;
196     static constexpr const char* spec = "%LaL";
197 };
198 
199 constexpr const char* float_data<long double>::spec;
200 
201 template <class Float, class C>
202 const char*
203 parse_floating_number(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
204 {
205     const size_t N = float_data<Float>::mangled_size;
206     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(last - first) > N)
207     {
208         last = first + N;
209         union
210         {
211             Float value;
212             char buf[sizeof(Float)];
213         };
214         const char* t = first;
215         char* e = buf;
216         for (; t != last; ++t, ++e)
217         {
218             if (!isxdigit(*t))
219                 return first;
220             unsigned d1 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0') :
221                                         static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' + 10);
222             ++t;
223             unsigned d0 = isdigit(*t) ? static_cast<unsigned>(*t - '0') :
224                                         static_cast<unsigned>(*t - 'a' + 10);
225             *e = static_cast<char>((d1 << 4) + d0);
226         }
227         if (*t == 'E')
228         {
229 #if __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
230             std::reverse(buf, e);
231 #endif
232             char num[float_data<Float>::max_demangled_size] = {0};
233             int n = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), float_data<Float>::spec, value);
234             if (static_cast<std::size_t>(n) >= sizeof(num))
235                 return first;
236             db.names.push_back(typename C::String(num, static_cast<std::size_t>(n)));
237             first = t+1;
238         }
239     }
240     return first;
241 }
242 
243 // <source-name> ::= <positive length number> <identifier>
244 
245 template <class C>
246 const char*
247 parse_source_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
248 {
249     if (first != last)
250     {
251         char c = *first;
252         if (isdigit(c) && first+1 != last)
253         {
254             const char* t = first+1;
255             size_t n = static_cast<size_t>(c - '0');
256             for (c = *t; isdigit(c); c = *t)
257             {
258                 n = n * 10 + static_cast<size_t>(c - '0');
259                 if (++t == last)
260                     return first;
261             }
262             if (static_cast<size_t>(last - t) >= n)
263             {
264                 typename C::String r(t, n);
265                 if (r.substr(0, 10) == "_GLOBAL__N")
266                     db.names.push_back("(anonymous namespace)");
267                 else
268                     db.names.push_back(std::move(r));
269                 first = t + n;
270             }
271         }
272     }
273     return first;
274 }
275 
276 // <substitution> ::= S <seq-id> _
277 //                ::= S_
278 // <substitution> ::= Sa # ::std::allocator
279 // <substitution> ::= Sb # ::std::basic_string
280 // <substitution> ::= Ss # ::std::basic_string < char,
281 //                                               ::std::char_traits<char>,
282 //                                               ::std::allocator<char> >
283 // <substitution> ::= Si # ::std::basic_istream<char,  std::char_traits<char> >
284 // <substitution> ::= So # ::std::basic_ostream<char,  std::char_traits<char> >
285 // <substitution> ::= Sd # ::std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >
286 
287 template <class C>
288 const char*
289 parse_substitution(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
290 {
291     if (last - first >= 2)
292     {
293         if (*first == 'S')
294         {
295             switch (first[1])
296             {
297             case 'a':
298                 db.names.push_back("std::allocator");
299                 first += 2;
300                 break;
301             case 'b':
302                 db.names.push_back("std::basic_string");
303                 first += 2;
304                 break;
305             case 's':
306                 db.names.push_back("std::string");
307                 first += 2;
308                 break;
309             case 'i':
310                 db.names.push_back("std::istream");
311                 first += 2;
312                 break;
313             case 'o':
314                 db.names.push_back("std::ostream");
315                 first += 2;
316                 break;
317             case 'd':
318                 db.names.push_back("std::iostream");
319                 first += 2;
320                 break;
321             case '_':
322                 if (!db.subs.empty())
323                 {
324                     for (const auto& n : db.subs.front())
325                         db.names.push_back(n);
326                     first += 2;
327                 }
328                 break;
329             default:
330                 if (std::isdigit(first[1]) || std::isupper(first[1]))
331                 {
332                     size_t sub = 0;
333                     const char* t = first+1;
334                     if (std::isdigit(*t))
335                         sub = static_cast<size_t>(*t - '0');
336                     else
337                         sub = static_cast<size_t>(*t - 'A') + 10;
338                     for (++t; t != last && (std::isdigit(*t) || std::isupper(*t)); ++t)
339                     {
340                         sub *= 36;
341                         if (std::isdigit(*t))
342                             sub += static_cast<size_t>(*t - '0');
343                         else
344                             sub += static_cast<size_t>(*t - 'A') + 10;
345                     }
346                     if (t == last || *t != '_')
347                         return first;
348                     ++sub;
349                     if (sub < db.subs.size())
350                     {
351                         for (const auto& n : db.subs[sub])
352                             db.names.push_back(n);
353                         first = t+1;
354                     }
355                 }
356                 break;
357             }
358         }
359     }
360     return first;
361 }
362 
363 // <builtin-type> ::= v    # void
364 //                ::= w    # wchar_t
365 //                ::= b    # bool
366 //                ::= c    # char
367 //                ::= a    # signed char
368 //                ::= h    # unsigned char
369 //                ::= s    # short
370 //                ::= t    # unsigned short
371 //                ::= i    # int
372 //                ::= j    # unsigned int
373 //                ::= l    # long
374 //                ::= m    # unsigned long
375 //                ::= x    # long long, __int64
376 //                ::= y    # unsigned long long, __int64
377 //                ::= n    # __int128
378 //                ::= o    # unsigned __int128
379 //                ::= f    # float
380 //                ::= d    # double
381 //                ::= e    # long double, __float80
382 //                ::= g    # __float128
383 //                ::= z    # ellipsis
384 //                ::= Dd   # IEEE 754r decimal floating point (64 bits)
385 //                ::= De   # IEEE 754r decimal floating point (128 bits)
386 //                ::= Df   # IEEE 754r decimal floating point (32 bits)
387 //                ::= Dh   # IEEE 754r half-precision floating point (16 bits)
388 //                ::= Di   # char32_t
389 //                ::= Ds   # char16_t
390 //                ::= Da   # auto (in dependent new-expressions)
391 //                ::= Dn   # std::nullptr_t (i.e., decltype(nullptr))
392 //                ::= u <source-name>    # vendor extended type
393 
394 template <class C>
395 const char*
396 parse_builtin_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
397 {
398     if (first != last)
399     {
400         switch (*first)
401         {
402         case 'v':
403             db.names.push_back("void");
404             ++first;
405             break;
406         case 'w':
407             db.names.push_back("wchar_t");
408             ++first;
409             break;
410         case 'b':
411             db.names.push_back("bool");
412             ++first;
413             break;
414         case 'c':
415             db.names.push_back("char");
416             ++first;
417             break;
418         case 'a':
419             db.names.push_back("signed char");
420             ++first;
421             break;
422         case 'h':
423             db.names.push_back("unsigned char");
424             ++first;
425             break;
426         case 's':
427             db.names.push_back("short");
428             ++first;
429             break;
430         case 't':
431             db.names.push_back("unsigned short");
432             ++first;
433             break;
434         case 'i':
435             db.names.push_back("int");
436             ++first;
437             break;
438         case 'j':
439             db.names.push_back("unsigned int");
440             ++first;
441             break;
442         case 'l':
443             db.names.push_back("long");
444             ++first;
445             break;
446         case 'm':
447             db.names.push_back("unsigned long");
448             ++first;
449             break;
450         case 'x':
451             db.names.push_back("long long");
452             ++first;
453             break;
454         case 'y':
455             db.names.push_back("unsigned long long");
456             ++first;
457             break;
458         case 'n':
459             db.names.push_back("__int128");
460             ++first;
461             break;
462         case 'o':
463             db.names.push_back("unsigned __int128");
464             ++first;
465             break;
466         case 'f':
467             db.names.push_back("float");
468             ++first;
469             break;
470         case 'd':
471             db.names.push_back("double");
472             ++first;
473             break;
474         case 'e':
475             db.names.push_back("long double");
476             ++first;
477             break;
478         case 'g':
479             db.names.push_back("__float128");
480             ++first;
481             break;
482         case 'z':
483             db.names.push_back("...");
484             ++first;
485             break;
486         case 'u':
487             {
488                 const char*t = parse_source_name(first+1, last, db);
489                 if (t != first+1)
490                     first = t;
491             }
492             break;
493         case 'D':
494             if (first+1 != last)
495             {
496                 switch (first[1])
497                 {
498                 case 'd':
499                     db.names.push_back("decimal64");
500                     first += 2;
501                     break;
502                 case 'e':
503                     db.names.push_back("decimal128");
504                     first += 2;
505                     break;
506                 case 'f':
507                     db.names.push_back("decimal32");
508                     first += 2;
509                     break;
510                 case 'h':
511                     db.names.push_back("decimal16");
512                     first += 2;
513                     break;
514                 case 'i':
515                     db.names.push_back("char32_t");
516                     first += 2;
517                     break;
518                 case 's':
519                     db.names.push_back("char16_t");
520                     first += 2;
521                     break;
522                 case 'a':
523                     db.names.push_back("auto");
524                     first += 2;
525                     break;
526                 case 'n':
527                     db.names.push_back("std::nullptr_t");
528                     first += 2;
529                     break;
530                 }
531             }
532             break;
533         }
534     }
535     return first;
536 }
537 
538 // <CV-qualifiers> ::= [r] [V] [K]
539 
540 const char*
541 parse_cv_qualifiers(const char* first, const char* last, unsigned& cv)
542 {
543     cv = 0;
544     if (first != last)
545     {
546         if (*first == 'r')
547         {
548             cv |= 4;
549             ++first;
550         }
551         if (*first == 'V')
552         {
553             cv |= 2;
554             ++first;
555         }
556         if (*first == 'K')
557         {
558             cv |= 1;
559             ++first;
560         }
561     }
562     return first;
563 }
564 
565 // <template-param> ::= T_    # first template parameter
566 //                  ::= T <parameter-2 non-negative number> _
567 
568 template <class C>
569 const char*
570 parse_template_param(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
571 {
572     if (last - first >= 2)
573     {
574         if (*first == 'T')
575         {
576             if (first[1] == '_')
577             {
578                 if (db.template_param.empty())
579                     return first;
580                 if (!db.template_param.back().empty())
581                 {
582                     for (auto& t : db.template_param.back().front())
583                         db.names.push_back(t);
584                     first += 2;
585                 }
586                 else
587                 {
588                     db.names.push_back("T_");
589                     first += 2;
590                     db.fix_forward_references = true;
591                 }
592             }
593             else if (isdigit(first[1]))
594             {
595                 const char* t = first+1;
596                 size_t sub = static_cast<size_t>(*t - '0');
597                 for (++t; t != last && isdigit(*t); ++t)
598                 {
599                     sub *= 10;
600                     sub += static_cast<size_t>(*t - '0');
601                 }
602                 if (t == last || *t != '_' || db.template_param.empty())
603                     return first;
604                 ++sub;
605                 if (sub < db.template_param.back().size())
606                 {
607                     for (auto& temp : db.template_param.back()[sub])
608                         db.names.push_back(temp);
609                     first = t+1;
610                 }
611                 else
612                 {
613                     db.names.push_back(typename C::String(first, t+1));
614                     first = t+1;
615                     db.fix_forward_references = true;
616                 }
617             }
618         }
619     }
620     return first;
621 }
622 
623 // cc <type> <expression>                               # const_cast<type> (expression)
624 
625 template <class C>
626 const char*
627 parse_const_cast_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
628 {
629     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'c' && first[1] == 'c')
630     {
631         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
632         if (t != first+2)
633         {
634             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
635             if (t1 != t)
636             {
637                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
638                     return first;
639                 auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
640                 db.names.pop_back();
641                 db.names.back() = "const_cast<" + db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
642                 first = t1;
643             }
644         }
645     }
646     return first;
647 }
648 
649 // dc <type> <expression>                               # dynamic_cast<type> (expression)
650 
651 template <class C>
652 const char*
653 parse_dynamic_cast_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
654 {
655     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'd' && first[1] == 'c')
656     {
657         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
658         if (t != first+2)
659         {
660             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
661             if (t1 != t)
662             {
663                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
664                     return first;
665                 auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
666                 db.names.pop_back();
667                 db.names.back() = "dynamic_cast<" + db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
668                 first = t1;
669             }
670         }
671     }
672     return first;
673 }
674 
675 // rc <type> <expression>                               # reinterpret_cast<type> (expression)
676 
677 template <class C>
678 const char*
679 parse_reinterpret_cast_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
680 {
681     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'r' && first[1] == 'c')
682     {
683         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
684         if (t != first+2)
685         {
686             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
687             if (t1 != t)
688             {
689                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
690                     return first;
691                 auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
692                 db.names.pop_back();
693                 db.names.back() = "reinterpret_cast<" + db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
694                 first = t1;
695             }
696         }
697     }
698     return first;
699 }
700 
701 // sc <type> <expression>                               # static_cast<type> (expression)
702 
703 template <class C>
704 const char*
705 parse_static_cast_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
706 {
707     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 'c')
708     {
709         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
710         if (t != first+2)
711         {
712             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
713             if (t1 != t)
714             {
715                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
716                     return first;
717                 auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
718                 db.names.pop_back();
719                 db.names.back() = "static_cast<" + db.names.back().move_full() + ">(" + expr + ")";
720                 first = t1;
721             }
722         }
723     }
724     return first;
725 }
726 
727 // sp <expression>                                  # pack expansion
728 
729 template <class C>
730 const char*
731 parse_pack_expansion(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
732 {
733     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 'p')
734     {
735         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
736         if (t != first+2)
737             first = t;
738     }
739     return first;
740 }
741 
742 // st <type>                                            # sizeof (a type)
743 
744 template <class C>
745 const char*
746 parse_sizeof_type_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
747 {
748     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 't')
749     {
750         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
751         if (t != first+2)
752         {
753             if (db.names.empty())
754                 return first;
755             db.names.back() = "sizeof (" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
756             first = t;
757         }
758     }
759     return first;
760 }
761 
762 // sz <expr>                                            # sizeof (a expression)
763 
764 template <class C>
765 const char*
766 parse_sizeof_expr_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
767 {
768     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 'z')
769     {
770         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
771         if (t != first+2)
772         {
773             if (db.names.empty())
774                 return first;
775             db.names.back() = "sizeof (" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
776             first = t;
777         }
778     }
779     return first;
780 }
781 
782 // sZ <template-param>                                  # size of a parameter pack
783 
784 template <class C>
785 const char*
786 parse_sizeof_param_pack_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
787 {
788     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 'Z' && first[2] == 'T')
789     {
790         size_t k0 = db.names.size();
791         const char* t = parse_template_param(first+2, last, db);
792         size_t k1 = db.names.size();
793         if (t != first+2)
794         {
795             typename C::String tmp("sizeof...(");
796             size_t k = k0;
797             if (k != k1)
798             {
799                 tmp += db.names[k].move_full();
800                 for (++k; k != k1; ++k)
801                     tmp += ", " + db.names[k].move_full();
802             }
803             tmp += ")";
804             for (; k1 != k0; --k1)
805                 db.names.pop_back();
806             db.names.push_back(std::move(tmp));
807             first = t;
808         }
809     }
810     return first;
811 }
812 
813 // <function-param> ::= fp <top-level CV-qualifiers> _                                     # L == 0, first parameter
814 //                  ::= fp <top-level CV-qualifiers> <parameter-2 non-negative number> _   # L == 0, second and later parameters
815 //                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level CV-qualifiers> _         # L > 0, first parameter
816 //                  ::= fL <L-1 non-negative number> p <top-level CV-qualifiers> <parameter-2 non-negative number> _   # L > 0, second and later parameters
817 
818 template <class C>
819 const char*
820 parse_function_param(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
821 {
822     if (last - first >= 3 && *first == 'f')
823     {
824         if (first[1] == 'p')
825         {
826             unsigned cv;
827             const char* t = parse_cv_qualifiers(first+2, last, cv);
828             const char* t1 = parse_number(t, last);
829             if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
830             {
831                 db.names.push_back("fp" + typename C::String(t, t1));
832                 first = t1+1;
833             }
834         }
835         else if (first[1] == 'L')
836         {
837             unsigned cv;
838             const char* t0 = parse_number(first+2, last);
839             if (t0 != last && *t0 == 'p')
840             {
841                 ++t0;
842                 const char* t = parse_cv_qualifiers(t0, last, cv);
843                 const char* t1 = parse_number(t, last);
844                 if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
845                 {
846                     db.names.push_back("fp" + typename C::String(t, t1));
847                     first = t1+1;
848                 }
849             }
850         }
851     }
852     return first;
853 }
854 
855 // sZ <function-param>                                  # size of a function parameter pack
856 
857 template <class C>
858 const char*
859 parse_sizeof_function_param_pack_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
860 {
861     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 's' && first[1] == 'Z' && first[2] == 'f')
862     {
863         const char* t = parse_function_param(first+2, last, db);
864         if (t != first+2)
865         {
866             if (db.names.empty())
867                 return first;
868             db.names.back() = "sizeof...(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
869             first = t;
870         }
871     }
872     return first;
873 }
874 
875 // te <expression>                                      # typeid (expression)
876 // ti <type>                                            # typeid (type)
877 
878 template <class C>
879 const char*
880 parse_typeid_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
881 {
882     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 't' && (first[1] == 'e' || first[1] == 'i'))
883     {
884         const char* t;
885         if (first[1] == 'e')
886             t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
887         else
888             t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
889         if (t != first+2)
890         {
891             if (db.names.empty())
892                 return first;
893             db.names.back() = "typeid(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
894             first = t;
895         }
896     }
897     return first;
898 }
899 
900 // tw <expression>                                      # throw expression
901 
902 template <class C>
903 const char*
904 parse_throw_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
905 {
906     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 't' && first[1] == 'w')
907     {
908         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
909         if (t != first+2)
910         {
911             if (db.names.empty())
912                 return first;
913             db.names.back() = "throw " + db.names.back().move_full();
914             first = t;
915         }
916     }
917     return first;
918 }
919 
920 // ds <expression> <expression>                         # expr.*expr
921 
922 template <class C>
923 const char*
924 parse_dot_star_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
925 {
926     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'd' && first[1] == 's')
927     {
928         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
929         if (t != first+2)
930         {
931             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
932             if (t1 != t)
933             {
934                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
935                     return first;
936                 auto expr = db.names.back().move_full();
937                 db.names.pop_back();
938                 db.names.back().first += ".*" + expr;
939                 first = t1;
940             }
941         }
942     }
943     return first;
944 }
945 
946 // <simple-id> ::= <source-name> [ <template-args> ]
947 
948 template <class C>
949 const char*
950 parse_simple_id(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
951 {
952     if (first != last)
953     {
954         const char* t = parse_source_name(first, last, db);
955         if (t != first)
956         {
957             const char* t1 = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
958             if (t1 != t)
959             {
960                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
961                     return first;
962                 auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
963                 db.names.pop_back();
964                 db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
965             }
966             first = t1;
967         }
968         else
969             first = t;
970     }
971     return first;
972 }
973 
974 // <unresolved-type> ::= <template-param>
975 //                   ::= <decltype>
976 //                   ::= <substitution>
977 
978 template <class C>
979 const char*
980 parse_unresolved_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
981 {
982     if (first != last)
983     {
984         const char* t = first;
985         switch (*first)
986         {
987         case 'T':
988           {
989             size_t k0 = db.names.size();
990             t = parse_template_param(first, last, db);
991             size_t k1 = db.names.size();
992             if (t != first && k1 == k0 + 1)
993             {
994                 db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
995                 first = t;
996             }
997             else
998             {
999                 for (; k1 != k0; --k1)
1000                     db.names.pop_back();
1001             }
1002             break;
1003           }
1004         case 'D':
1005             t = parse_decltype(first, last, db);
1006             if (t != first)
1007             {
1008                 if (db.names.empty())
1009                     return first;
1010                 db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
1011                 first = t;
1012             }
1013             break;
1014         case 'S':
1015             t = parse_substitution(first, last, db);
1016             if (t != first)
1017                 first = t;
1018             else
1019             {
1020                 if (last - first > 2 && first[1] == 't')
1021                 {
1022                     t = parse_unqualified_name(first+2, last, db);
1023                     if (t != first+2)
1024                     {
1025                         if (db.names.empty())
1026                             return first;
1027                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "std::");
1028                         db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
1029                         first = t;
1030                     }
1031                 }
1032             }
1033             break;
1034        }
1035     }
1036     return first;
1037 }
1038 
1039 // <destructor-name> ::= <unresolved-type>                               # e.g., ~T or ~decltype(f())
1040 //                   ::= <simple-id>                                     # e.g., ~A<2*N>
1041 
1042 template <class C>
1043 const char*
1044 parse_destructor_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1045 {
1046     if (first != last)
1047     {
1048         const char* t = parse_unresolved_type(first, last, db);
1049         if (t == first)
1050             t = parse_simple_id(first, last, db);
1051         if (t != first)
1052         {
1053             if (db.names.empty())
1054                 return first;
1055             db.names.back().first.insert(0, "~");
1056             first = t;
1057         }
1058     }
1059     return first;
1060 }
1061 
1062 // <base-unresolved-name> ::= <simple-id>                                # unresolved name
1063 //          extension     ::= <operator-name>                            # unresolved operator-function-id
1064 //          extension     ::= <operator-name> <template-args>            # unresolved operator template-id
1065 //                        ::= on <operator-name>                         # unresolved operator-function-id
1066 //                        ::= on <operator-name> <template-args>         # unresolved operator template-id
1067 //                        ::= dn <destructor-name>                       # destructor or pseudo-destructor;
1068 //                                                                         # e.g. ~X or ~X<N-1>
1069 
1070 template <class C>
1071 const char*
1072 parse_base_unresolved_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1073 {
1074     if (last - first >= 2)
1075     {
1076         if ((first[0] == 'o' || first[0] == 'd') && first[1] == 'n')
1077         {
1078             if (first[0] == 'o')
1079             {
1080                 const char* t = parse_operator_name(first+2, last, db);
1081                 if (t != first+2)
1082                 {
1083                     first = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
1084                     if (first != t)
1085                     {
1086                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
1087                             return first;
1088                         auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
1089                         db.names.pop_back();
1090                         db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
1091                     }
1092                 }
1093             }
1094             else
1095             {
1096                 const char* t = parse_destructor_name(first+2, last, db);
1097                 if (t != first+2)
1098                     first = t;
1099             }
1100         }
1101         else
1102         {
1103             const char* t = parse_simple_id(first, last, db);
1104             if (t == first)
1105             {
1106                 t = parse_operator_name(first, last, db);
1107                 if (t != first)
1108                 {
1109                     first = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
1110                     if (first != t)
1111                     {
1112                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
1113                             return first;
1114                         auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
1115                         db.names.pop_back();
1116                         db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
1117                     }
1118                 }
1119             }
1120             else
1121                 first = t;
1122         }
1123     }
1124     return first;
1125 }
1126 
1127 // <unresolved-qualifier-level> ::= <simple-id>
1128 
1129 template <class C>
1130 const char*
1131 parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1132 {
1133     return parse_simple_id(first, last, db);
1134 }
1135 
1136 // <unresolved-name>
1137 //  extension        ::= srN <unresolved-type> [<template-args>] <unresolved-qualifier-level>* E <base-unresolved-name>
1138 //                   ::= [gs] <base-unresolved-name>                     # x or (with "gs") ::x
1139 //                   ::= [gs] sr <unresolved-qualifier-level>+ E <base-unresolved-name>
1140 //                                                                       # A::x, N::y, A<T>::z; "gs" means leading "::"
1141 //                   ::= sr <unresolved-type> <base-unresolved-name>     # T::x / decltype(p)::x
1142 //  extension        ::= sr <unresolved-type> <template-args> <base-unresolved-name>
1143 //                                                                       # T::N::x /decltype(p)::N::x
1144 //  (ignored)        ::= srN <unresolved-type>  <unresolved-qualifier-level>+ E <base-unresolved-name>
1145 
1146 template <class C>
1147 const char*
1148 parse_unresolved_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1149 {
1150     if (last - first > 2)
1151     {
1152         const char* t = first;
1153         bool global = false;
1154         if (t[0] == 'g' && t[1] == 's')
1155         {
1156             global = true;
1157             t += 2;
1158         }
1159         const char* t2 = parse_base_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
1160         if (t2 != t)
1161         {
1162             if (global)
1163             {
1164                 if (db.names.empty())
1165                     return first;
1166                 db.names.back().first.insert(0, "::");
1167             }
1168             first = t2;
1169         }
1170         else if (last - t > 2 && t[0] == 's' && t[1] == 'r')
1171         {
1172             if (t[2] == 'N')
1173             {
1174                 t += 3;
1175                 const char* t1 = parse_unresolved_type(t, last, db);
1176                 if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1177                     return first;
1178                 t = t1;
1179                 t1 = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
1180                 if (t1 != t)
1181                 {
1182                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
1183                         return first;
1184                     auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
1185                     db.names.pop_back();
1186                     db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
1187                     t = t1;
1188                     if (t == last)
1189                     {
1190                         db.names.pop_back();
1191                         return first;
1192                     }
1193                 }
1194                 while (*t != 'E')
1195                 {
1196                     t1 = parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(t, last, db);
1197                     if (t1 == t || t1 == last || db.names.size() < 2)
1198                         return first;
1199                     auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
1200                     db.names.pop_back();
1201                     db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
1202                     t = t1;
1203                 }
1204                 ++t;
1205                 t1 = parse_base_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
1206                 if (t1 == t)
1207                 {
1208                     if (!db.names.empty())
1209                         db.names.pop_back();
1210                     return first;
1211                 }
1212                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
1213                     return first;
1214                 auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
1215                 db.names.pop_back();
1216                 db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
1217                 first = t1;
1218             }
1219             else
1220             {
1221                 t += 2;
1222                 const char* t1 = parse_unresolved_type(t, last, db);
1223                 if (t1 != t)
1224                 {
1225                     t = t1;
1226                     t1 = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
1227                     if (t1 != t)
1228                     {
1229                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
1230                             return first;
1231                         auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
1232                         db.names.pop_back();
1233                         db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
1234                         t = t1;
1235                     }
1236                     t1 = parse_base_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
1237                     if (t1 == t)
1238                     {
1239                         if (!db.names.empty())
1240                             db.names.pop_back();
1241                         return first;
1242                     }
1243                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
1244                         return first;
1245                     auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
1246                     db.names.pop_back();
1247                     db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
1248                     first = t1;
1249                 }
1250                 else
1251                 {
1252                     t1 = parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(t, last, db);
1253                     if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1254                         return first;
1255                     t = t1;
1256                     if (global)
1257                     {
1258                         if (db.names.empty())
1259                             return first;
1260                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "::");
1261                     }
1262                     while (*t != 'E')
1263                     {
1264                         t1 = parse_unresolved_qualifier_level(t, last, db);
1265                         if (t1 == t || t1 == last || db.names.size() < 2)
1266                             return first;
1267                         auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
1268                         db.names.pop_back();
1269                         db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
1270                         t = t1;
1271                     }
1272                     ++t;
1273                     t1 = parse_base_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
1274                     if (t1 == t)
1275                     {
1276                         if (!db.names.empty())
1277                             db.names.pop_back();
1278                         return first;
1279                     }
1280                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
1281                         return first;
1282                     auto s = db.names.back().move_full();
1283                     db.names.pop_back();
1284                     db.names.back().first += "::" + std::move(s);
1285                     first = t1;
1286                 }
1287             }
1288         }
1289     }
1290     return first;
1291 }
1292 
1293 // dt <expression> <unresolved-name>                    # expr.name
1294 
1295 template <class C>
1296 const char*
1297 parse_dot_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1298 {
1299     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'd' && first[1] == 't')
1300     {
1301         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
1302         if (t != first+2)
1303         {
1304             const char* t1 = parse_unresolved_name(t, last, db);
1305             if (t1 != t)
1306             {
1307                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
1308                     return first;
1309                 auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
1310                 db.names.pop_back();
1311                 db.names.back().first += "." + name;
1312                 first = t1;
1313             }
1314         }
1315     }
1316     return first;
1317 }
1318 
1319 // cl <expression>+ E                                   # call
1320 
1321 template <class C>
1322 const char*
1323 parse_call_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1324 {
1325     if (last - first >= 4 && first[0] == 'c' && first[1] == 'l')
1326     {
1327         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
1328         if (t != first+2)
1329         {
1330             if (t == last)
1331                 return first;
1332             if (db.names.empty())
1333                 return first;
1334             db.names.back().first += db.names.back().second;
1335             db.names.back().second = typename C::String();
1336             db.names.back().first.append("(");
1337             bool first_expr = true;
1338             while (*t != 'E')
1339             {
1340                 const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1341                 if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1342                     return first;
1343                 if (db.names.empty())
1344                     return first;
1345                 auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1346                 db.names.pop_back();
1347                 if (!tmp.empty())
1348                 {
1349                     if (db.names.empty())
1350                         return first;
1351                     if (!first_expr)
1352                     {
1353                         db.names.back().first.append(", ");
1354                         first_expr = false;
1355                     }
1356                     db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
1357                 }
1358                 t = t1;
1359             }
1360             ++t;
1361             if (db.names.empty())
1362                 return first;
1363             db.names.back().first.append(")");
1364             first = t;
1365         }
1366     }
1367     return first;
1368 }
1369 
1370 // [gs] nw <expression>* _ <type> E                     # new (expr-list) type
1371 // [gs] nw <expression>* _ <type> <initializer>         # new (expr-list) type (init)
1372 // [gs] na <expression>* _ <type> E                     # new[] (expr-list) type
1373 // [gs] na <expression>* _ <type> <initializer>         # new[] (expr-list) type (init)
1374 // <initializer> ::= pi <expression>* E                 # parenthesized initialization
1375 
1376 template <class C>
1377 const char*
1378 parse_new_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1379 {
1380     if (last - first >= 4)
1381     {
1382         const char* t = first;
1383         bool parsed_gs = false;
1384         if (t[0] == 'g' && t[1] == 's')
1385         {
1386             t += 2;
1387             parsed_gs = true;
1388         }
1389         if (t[0] == 'n' && (t[1] == 'w' || t[1] == 'a'))
1390         {
1391             bool is_array = t[1] == 'a';
1392             t += 2;
1393             if (t == last)
1394                 return first;
1395             bool has_expr_list = false;
1396             bool first_expr = true;
1397             while (*t != '_')
1398             {
1399                 const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1400                 if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1401                     return first;
1402                 has_expr_list = true;
1403                 if (!first_expr)
1404                 {
1405                     if (db.names.empty())
1406                         return first;
1407                     auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1408                     db.names.pop_back();
1409                     if (!tmp.empty())
1410                     {
1411                         if (db.names.empty())
1412                             return first;
1413                         db.names.back().first.append(", ");
1414                         db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
1415                         first_expr = false;
1416                     }
1417                 }
1418                 t = t1;
1419             }
1420             ++t;
1421             const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1422             if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1423                 return first;
1424             t = t1;
1425             bool has_init = false;
1426             if (last - t >= 3 && t[0] == 'p' && t[1] == 'i')
1427             {
1428                 t += 2;
1429                 has_init = true;
1430                 first_expr = true;
1431                 while (*t != 'E')
1432                 {
1433                     t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1434                     if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1435                         return first;
1436                     if (!first_expr)
1437                     {
1438                         if (db.names.empty())
1439                             return first;
1440                         auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1441                         db.names.pop_back();
1442                         if (!tmp.empty())
1443                         {
1444                             if (db.names.empty())
1445                                 return first;
1446                             db.names.back().first.append(", ");
1447                             db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
1448                             first_expr = false;
1449                         }
1450                     }
1451                     t = t1;
1452                 }
1453             }
1454             if (*t != 'E')
1455                 return first;
1456             typename C::String init_list;
1457             if (has_init)
1458             {
1459                 if (db.names.empty())
1460                     return first;
1461                 init_list = db.names.back().move_full();
1462                 db.names.pop_back();
1463             }
1464             if (db.names.empty())
1465                 return first;
1466             auto type = db.names.back().move_full();
1467             db.names.pop_back();
1468             typename C::String expr_list;
1469             if (has_expr_list)
1470             {
1471                 if (db.names.empty())
1472                     return first;
1473                 expr_list = db.names.back().move_full();
1474                 db.names.pop_back();
1475             }
1476             typename C::String r;
1477             if (parsed_gs)
1478                 r = "::";
1479             if (is_array)
1480                 r += "[] ";
1481             else
1482                 r += " ";
1483             if (has_expr_list)
1484                 r += "(" + expr_list + ") ";
1485             r += type;
1486             if (has_init)
1487                 r += " (" + init_list + ")";
1488             db.names.push_back(std::move(r));
1489             first = t+1;
1490         }
1491     }
1492     return first;
1493 }
1494 
1495 // cv <type> <expression>                               # conversion with one argument
1496 // cv <type> _ <expression>* E                          # conversion with a different number of arguments
1497 
1498 template <class C>
1499 const char*
1500 parse_conversion_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1501 {
1502     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'c' && first[1] == 'v')
1503     {
1504         bool try_to_parse_template_args = db.try_to_parse_template_args;
1505         db.try_to_parse_template_args = false;
1506         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
1507         db.try_to_parse_template_args = try_to_parse_template_args;
1508         if (t != first+2 && t != last)
1509         {
1510             if (*t != '_')
1511             {
1512                 const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1513                 if (t1 == t)
1514                     return first;
1515                 t = t1;
1516             }
1517             else
1518             {
1519                 ++t;
1520                 if (t == last)
1521                     return first;
1522                 if (*t == 'E')
1523                     db.names.emplace_back();
1524                 else
1525                 {
1526                     bool first_expr = true;
1527                     while (*t != 'E')
1528                     {
1529                         const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1530                         if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1531                             return first;
1532                         if (!first_expr)
1533                         {
1534                             if (db.names.empty())
1535                                 return first;
1536                             auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1537                             db.names.pop_back();
1538                             if (!tmp.empty())
1539                             {
1540                                 if (db.names.empty())
1541                                     return first;
1542                                 db.names.back().first.append(", ");
1543                                 db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
1544                                 first_expr = false;
1545                             }
1546                         }
1547                         t = t1;
1548                     }
1549                 }
1550                 ++t;
1551             }
1552             if (db.names.size() < 2)
1553                 return first;
1554             auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1555             db.names.pop_back();
1556             db.names.back() = "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")(" + tmp + ")";
1557             first = t;
1558         }
1559     }
1560     return first;
1561 }
1562 
1563 // pt <expression> <expression>                    # expr->name
1564 
1565 template <class C>
1566 const char*
1567 parse_arrow_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1568 {
1569     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'p' && first[1] == 't')
1570     {
1571         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
1572         if (t != first+2)
1573         {
1574             const char* t1 = parse_expression(t, last, db);
1575             if (t1 != t)
1576             {
1577                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
1578                     return first;
1579                 auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
1580                 db.names.pop_back();
1581                 db.names.back().first += "->";
1582                 db.names.back().first += tmp;
1583                 first = t1;
1584             }
1585         }
1586     }
1587     return first;
1588 }
1589 
1590 //  <ref-qualifier> ::= R                   # & ref-qualifier
1591 //  <ref-qualifier> ::= O                   # && ref-qualifier
1592 
1593 // <function-type> ::= F [Y] <bare-function-type> [<ref-qualifier>] E
1594 
1595 template <class C>
1596 const char*
1597 parse_function_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1598 {
1599     if (first != last && *first == 'F')
1600     {
1601         const char* t = first+1;
1602         if (t != last)
1603         {
1604             bool externC = false;
1605             if (*t == 'Y')
1606             {
1607                 externC = true;
1608                 if (++t == last)
1609                     return first;
1610             }
1611             const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1612             if (t1 != t)
1613             {
1614                 t = t1;
1615                 typename C::String sig("(");
1616                 int ref_qual = 0;
1617                 while (true)
1618                 {
1619                     if (t == last)
1620                     {
1621                         db.names.pop_back();
1622                         return first;
1623                     }
1624                     if (*t == 'E')
1625                     {
1626                         ++t;
1627                         break;
1628                     }
1629                     if (*t == 'v')
1630                     {
1631                         ++t;
1632                         continue;
1633                     }
1634                     if (*t == 'R' && t+1 != last && t[1] == 'E')
1635                     {
1636                         ref_qual = 1;
1637                         ++t;
1638                         continue;
1639                     }
1640                     if (*t == 'O' && t+1 != last && t[1] == 'E')
1641                     {
1642                         ref_qual = 2;
1643                         ++t;
1644                         continue;
1645                     }
1646                     size_t k0 = db.names.size();
1647                     t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1648                     size_t k1 = db.names.size();
1649                     if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
1650                         return first;
1651                     for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
1652                     {
1653                         if (sig.size() > 1)
1654                             sig += ", ";
1655                         sig += db.names[k].move_full();
1656                     }
1657                     for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
1658                         db.names.pop_back();
1659                     t = t1;
1660                 }
1661                 sig += ")";
1662                 switch (ref_qual)
1663                 {
1664                 case 1:
1665                     sig += " &";
1666                     break;
1667                 case 2:
1668                     sig += " &&";
1669                     break;
1670                 }
1671                 if (db.names.empty())
1672                     return first;
1673                 db.names.back().first += " ";
1674                 db.names.back().second.insert(0, sig);
1675                 first = t;
1676             }
1677         }
1678     }
1679     return first;
1680 }
1681 
1682 // <pointer-to-member-type> ::= M <class type> <member type>
1683 
1684 template <class C>
1685 const char*
1686 parse_pointer_to_member_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1687 {
1688     if (first != last && *first == 'M')
1689     {
1690         const char* t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
1691         if (t != first+1)
1692         {
1693             const char* t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1694             if (t2 != t)
1695             {
1696                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
1697                     return first;
1698                 auto func = std::move(db.names.back());
1699                 db.names.pop_back();
1700                 auto class_type = std::move(db.names.back());
1701                 if (func.second.front() == '(')
1702                 {
1703                     db.names.back().first = std::move(func.first) + "(" + class_type.move_full() + "::*";
1704                     db.names.back().second = ")" + std::move(func.second);
1705                 }
1706                 else
1707                 {
1708                     db.names.back().first = std::move(func.first) + " " + class_type.move_full() + "::*";
1709                     db.names.back().second = std::move(func.second);
1710                 }
1711                 first = t2;
1712             }
1713         }
1714     }
1715     return first;
1716 }
1717 
1718 // <array-type> ::= A <positive dimension number> _ <element type>
1719 //              ::= A [<dimension expression>] _ <element type>
1720 
1721 template <class C>
1722 const char*
1723 parse_array_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1724 {
1725     if (first != last && *first == 'A' && first+1 != last)
1726     {
1727         if (first[1] == '_')
1728         {
1729             const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
1730             if (t != first+2)
1731             {
1732                 if (db.names.empty())
1733                     return first;
1734                 if (db.names.back().second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
1735                     db.names.back().second.erase(0, 1);
1736                 db.names.back().second.insert(0, " []");
1737                 first = t;
1738             }
1739         }
1740         else if ('1' <= first[1] && first[1] <= '9')
1741         {
1742             const char* t = parse_number(first+1, last);
1743             if (t != last && *t == '_')
1744             {
1745                 const char* t2 = parse_type(t+1, last, db);
1746                 if (t2 != t+1)
1747                 {
1748                     if (db.names.empty())
1749                         return first;
1750                     if (db.names.back().second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
1751                         db.names.back().second.erase(0, 1);
1752                     db.names.back().second.insert(0, " [" + typename C::String(first+1, t) + "]");
1753                     first = t2;
1754                 }
1755             }
1756         }
1757         else
1758         {
1759             const char* t = parse_expression(first+1, last, db);
1760             if (t != first+1 && t != last && *t == '_')
1761             {
1762                 const char* t2 = parse_type(++t, last, db);
1763                 if (t2 != t)
1764                 {
1765                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
1766                         return first;
1767                     auto type = std::move(db.names.back());
1768                     db.names.pop_back();
1769                     auto expr = std::move(db.names.back());
1770                     db.names.back().first = std::move(type.first);
1771                     if (type.second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
1772                         type.second.erase(0, 1);
1773                     db.names.back().second = " [" + expr.move_full() + "]" + std::move(type.second);
1774                     first = t2;
1775                 }
1776             }
1777         }
1778     }
1779     return first;
1780 }
1781 
1782 // <decltype>  ::= Dt <expression> E  # decltype of an id-expression or class member access (C++0x)
1783 //             ::= DT <expression> E  # decltype of an expression (C++0x)
1784 
1785 template <class C>
1786 const char*
1787 parse_decltype(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1788 {
1789     if (last - first >= 4 && first[0] == 'D')
1790     {
1791         switch (first[1])
1792         {
1793         case 't':
1794         case 'T':
1795             {
1796                 const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
1797                 if (t != first+2 && t != last && *t == 'E')
1798                 {
1799                     if (db.names.empty())
1800                         return first;
1801                     db.names.back() = "decltype(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
1802                     first = t+1;
1803                 }
1804             }
1805             break;
1806         }
1807     }
1808     return first;
1809 }
1810 
1811 // extension:
1812 // <vector-type>           ::= Dv <positive dimension number> _
1813 //                                    <extended element type>
1814 //                         ::= Dv [<dimension expression>] _ <element type>
1815 // <extended element type> ::= <element type>
1816 //                         ::= p # AltiVec vector pixel
1817 
1818 template <class C>
1819 const char*
1820 parse_vector_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1821 {
1822     if (last - first > 3 && first[0] == 'D' && first[1] == 'v')
1823     {
1824         if ('1' <= first[2] && first[2] <= '9')
1825         {
1826             const char* t = parse_number(first+2, last);
1827             if (t == last || *t != '_')
1828                 return first;
1829             const char* num = first + 2;
1830             size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(t - num);
1831             if (++t != last)
1832             {
1833                 if (*t != 'p')
1834                 {
1835                     const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1836                     if (t1 != t)
1837                     {
1838                         if (db.names.empty())
1839                             return first;
1840                         db.names.back().first += " vector[" + typename C::String(num, sz) + "]";
1841                         first = t1;
1842                     }
1843                 }
1844                 else
1845                 {
1846                     ++t;
1847                     db.names.push_back("pixel vector[" + typename C::String(num, sz) + "]");
1848                     first = t;
1849                 }
1850             }
1851         }
1852         else
1853         {
1854             typename C::String num;
1855             const char* t1 = first+2;
1856             if (*t1 != '_')
1857             {
1858                 const char* t = parse_expression(t1, last, db);
1859                 if (t != t1)
1860                 {
1861                     if (db.names.empty())
1862                         return first;
1863                     num = db.names.back().move_full();
1864                     db.names.pop_back();
1865                     t1 = t;
1866                 }
1867             }
1868             if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_' && ++t1 != last)
1869             {
1870                 const char* t = parse_type(t1, last, db);
1871                 if (t != t1)
1872                 {
1873                     if (db.names.empty())
1874                         return first;
1875                     db.names.back().first += " vector[" + num + "]";
1876                     first = t;
1877                 }
1878             }
1879         }
1880     }
1881     return first;
1882 }
1883 
1884 // <type> ::= <builtin-type>
1885 //        ::= <function-type>
1886 //        ::= <class-enum-type>
1887 //        ::= <array-type>
1888 //        ::= <pointer-to-member-type>
1889 //        ::= <template-param>
1890 //        ::= <template-template-param> <template-args>
1891 //        ::= <decltype>
1892 //        ::= <substitution>
1893 //        ::= <CV-qualifiers> <type>
1894 //        ::= P <type>        # pointer-to
1895 //        ::= R <type>        # reference-to
1896 //        ::= O <type>        # rvalue reference-to (C++0x)
1897 //        ::= C <type>        # complex pair (C 2000)
1898 //        ::= G <type>        # imaginary (C 2000)
1899 //        ::= Dp <type>       # pack expansion (C++0x)
1900 //        ::= U <source-name> <type>  # vendor extended type qualifier
1901 // extension := U <objc-name> <objc-type>  # objc-type<identifier>
1902 // extension := <vector-type> # <vector-type> starts with Dv
1903 
1904 // <objc-name> ::= <k0 number> objcproto <k1 number> <identifier>  # k0 = 9 + <number of digits in k1> + k1
1905 // <objc-type> := <source-name>  # PU<11+>objcproto 11objc_object<source-name> 11objc_object -> id<source-name>
1906 
1907 template <class C>
1908 const char*
1909 parse_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
1910 {
1911     if (first != last)
1912     {
1913         switch (*first)
1914         {
1915             case 'r':
1916             case 'V':
1917             case 'K':
1918               {
1919                 unsigned cv = 0;
1920                 const char* t = parse_cv_qualifiers(first, last, cv);
1921                 if (t != first)
1922                 {
1923                     bool is_function = *t == 'F';
1924                     size_t k0 = db.names.size();
1925                     const char* t1 = parse_type(t, last, db);
1926                     size_t k1 = db.names.size();
1927                     if (t1 != t)
1928                     {
1929                         if (is_function)
1930                             db.subs.pop_back();
1931                         db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
1932                         for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
1933                         {
1934                             if (is_function)
1935                             {
1936                                 size_t p = db.names[k].second.size();
1937                                 if (db.names[k].second[p-2] == '&')
1938                                     p -= 3;
1939                                 else if (db.names[k].second.back() == '&')
1940                                     p -= 2;
1941                                 if (cv & 1)
1942                                 {
1943                                     db.names[k].second.insert(p, " const");
1944                                     p += 6;
1945                                 }
1946                                 if (cv & 2)
1947                                 {
1948                                     db.names[k].second.insert(p, " volatile");
1949                                     p += 9;
1950                                 }
1951                                 if (cv & 4)
1952                                     db.names[k].second.insert(p, " restrict");
1953                             }
1954                             else
1955                             {
1956                                 if (cv & 1)
1957                                     db.names[k].first.append(" const");
1958                                 if (cv & 2)
1959                                     db.names[k].first.append(" volatile");
1960                                 if (cv & 4)
1961                                     db.names[k].first.append(" restrict");
1962                             }
1963                             db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
1964                         }
1965                         first = t1;
1966                     }
1967                 }
1968               }
1969                 break;
1970             default:
1971               {
1972                 const char* t = parse_builtin_type(first, last, db);
1973                 if (t != first)
1974                 {
1975                     first = t;
1976                 }
1977                 else
1978                 {
1979                     switch (*first)
1980                     {
1981                     case 'A':
1982                         t = parse_array_type(first, last, db);
1983                         if (t != first)
1984                         {
1985                             if (db.names.empty())
1986                                 return first;
1987                             first = t;
1988                             db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
1989                         }
1990                         break;
1991                     case 'C':
1992                         t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
1993                         if (t != first+1)
1994                         {
1995                             if (db.names.empty())
1996                                 return first;
1997                             db.names.back().first.append(" complex");
1998                             first = t;
1999                             db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2000                         }
2001                         break;
2002                     case 'F':
2003                         t = parse_function_type(first, last, db);
2004                         if (t != first)
2005                         {
2006                             if (db.names.empty())
2007                                 return first;
2008                             first = t;
2009                             db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2010                         }
2011                         break;
2012                     case 'G':
2013                         t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
2014                         if (t != first+1)
2015                         {
2016                             if (db.names.empty())
2017                                 return first;
2018                             db.names.back().first.append(" imaginary");
2019                             first = t;
2020                             db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2021                         }
2022                         break;
2023                     case 'M':
2024                         t = parse_pointer_to_member_type(first, last, db);
2025                         if (t != first)
2026                         {
2027                             if (db.names.empty())
2028                                 return first;
2029                             first = t;
2030                             db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2031                         }
2032                         break;
2033                     case 'O':
2034                       {
2035                         size_t k0 = db.names.size();
2036                         t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
2037                         size_t k1 = db.names.size();
2038                         if (t != first+1)
2039                         {
2040                             db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
2041                             for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
2042                             {
2043                                 if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
2044                                 {
2045                                     db.names[k].first += " (";
2046                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2047                                 }
2048                                 else if (db.names[k].second.front() == '(')
2049                                 {
2050                                     db.names[k].first += "(";
2051                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2052                                 }
2053                                 db.names[k].first.append("&&");
2054                                 db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
2055                             }
2056                             first = t;
2057                         }
2058                         break;
2059                       }
2060                     case 'P':
2061                       {
2062                         size_t k0 = db.names.size();
2063                         t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
2064                         size_t k1 = db.names.size();
2065                         if (t != first+1)
2066                         {
2067                             db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
2068                             for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
2069                             {
2070                                 if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
2071                                 {
2072                                     db.names[k].first += " (";
2073                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2074                                 }
2075                                 else if (db.names[k].second.front() == '(')
2076                                 {
2077                                     db.names[k].first += "(";
2078                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2079                                 }
2080                                 if (first[1] != 'U' || db.names[k].first.substr(0, 12) != "objc_object<")
2081                                 {
2082                                     db.names[k].first.append("*");
2083                                 }
2084                                 else
2085                                 {
2086                                     db.names[k].first.replace(0, 11, "id");
2087                                 }
2088                                 db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
2089                             }
2090                             first = t;
2091                         }
2092                         break;
2093                       }
2094                     case 'R':
2095                       {
2096                         size_t k0 = db.names.size();
2097                         t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
2098                         size_t k1 = db.names.size();
2099                         if (t != first+1)
2100                         {
2101                             db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
2102                             for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
2103                             {
2104                                 if (db.names[k].second.substr(0, 2) == " [")
2105                                 {
2106                                     db.names[k].first += " (";
2107                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2108                                 }
2109                                 else if (db.names[k].second.front() == '(')
2110                                 {
2111                                     db.names[k].first += "(";
2112                                     db.names[k].second.insert(0, ")");
2113                                 }
2114                                 db.names[k].first.append("&");
2115                                 db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
2116                             }
2117                             first = t;
2118                         }
2119                         break;
2120                       }
2121                     case 'T':
2122                       {
2123                         size_t k0 = db.names.size();
2124                         t = parse_template_param(first, last, db);
2125                         size_t k1 = db.names.size();
2126                         if (t != first)
2127                         {
2128                             db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
2129                             for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
2130                                 db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
2131                             if (db.try_to_parse_template_args && k1 == k0+1)
2132                             {
2133                                 const char* t1 = parse_template_args(t, last, db);
2134                                 if (t1 != t)
2135                                 {
2136                                     auto args = db.names.back().move_full();
2137                                     db.names.pop_back();
2138                                     db.names.back().first += std::move(args);
2139                                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2140                                     t = t1;
2141                                 }
2142                             }
2143                             first = t;
2144                         }
2145                         break;
2146                       }
2147                     case 'U':
2148                         if (first+1 != last)
2149                         {
2150                             t = parse_source_name(first+1, last, db);
2151                             if (t != first+1)
2152                             {
2153                                 const char* t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
2154                                 if (t2 != t)
2155                                 {
2156                                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
2157                                         return first;
2158                                     auto type = db.names.back().move_full();
2159                                     db.names.pop_back();
2160                                     if (db.names.back().first.substr(0, 9) != "objcproto")
2161                                     {
2162                                         db.names.back() = type + " " + db.names.back().move_full();
2163                                     }
2164                                     else
2165                                     {
2166                                         auto proto = db.names.back().move_full();
2167                                         db.names.pop_back();
2168                                         t = parse_source_name(proto.data() + 9, proto.data() + proto.size(), db);
2169                                         if (t != proto.data() + 9)
2170                                         {
2171                                             db.names.back() = type + "<" + db.names.back().move_full() + ">";
2172                                         }
2173                                         else
2174                                         {
2175                                             db.names.push_back(type + " " + proto);
2176                                         }
2177                                     }
2178                                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2179                                     first = t2;
2180                                 }
2181                             }
2182                         }
2183                         break;
2184                     case 'S':
2185                         if (first+1 != last && first[1] == 't')
2186                         {
2187                             t = parse_name(first, last, db);
2188                             if (t != first)
2189                             {
2190                                 if (db.names.empty())
2191                                     return first;
2192                                 db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2193                                 first = t;
2194                             }
2195                         }
2196                         else
2197                         {
2198                             t = parse_substitution(first, last, db);
2199                             if (t != first)
2200                             {
2201                                 first = t;
2202                                 // Parsed a substitution.  If the substitution is a
2203                                 //  <template-param> it might be followed by <template-args>.
2204                                 t = parse_template_args(first, last, db);
2205                                 if (t != first)
2206                                 {
2207                                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
2208                                         return first;
2209                                     auto template_args = db.names.back().move_full();
2210                                     db.names.pop_back();
2211                                     db.names.back().first += template_args;
2212                                     // Need to create substitution for <template-template-param> <template-args>
2213                                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2214                                     first = t;
2215                                 }
2216                             }
2217                         }
2218                         break;
2219                     case 'D':
2220                         if (first+1 != last)
2221                         {
2222                             switch (first[1])
2223                             {
2224                             case 'p':
2225                               {
2226                                 size_t k0 = db.names.size();
2227                                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
2228                                 size_t k1 = db.names.size();
2229                                 if (t != first+2)
2230                                 {
2231                                     db.subs.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
2232                                     for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
2233                                         db.subs.back().push_back(db.names[k]);
2234                                     first = t;
2235                                     return first;
2236                                 }
2237                                 break;
2238                               }
2239                             case 't':
2240                             case 'T':
2241                                 t = parse_decltype(first, last, db);
2242                                 if (t != first)
2243                                 {
2244                                     if (db.names.empty())
2245                                         return first;
2246                                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2247                                     first = t;
2248                                     return first;
2249                                 }
2250                                 break;
2251                             case 'v':
2252                                 t = parse_vector_type(first, last, db);
2253                                 if (t != first)
2254                                 {
2255                                     if (db.names.empty())
2256                                         return first;
2257                                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2258                                     first = t;
2259                                     return first;
2260                                 }
2261                                 break;
2262                             }
2263                         }
2264                         // drop through
2265                     default:
2266                         // must check for builtin-types before class-enum-types to avoid
2267                         // ambiguities with operator-names
2268                         t = parse_builtin_type(first, last, db);
2269                         if (t != first)
2270                         {
2271                             first = t;
2272                         }
2273                         else
2274                         {
2275                             t = parse_name(first, last, db);
2276                             if (t != first)
2277                             {
2278                                 if (db.names.empty())
2279                                     return first;
2280                                 db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
2281                                 first = t;
2282                             }
2283                         }
2284                         break;
2285                     }
2286               }
2287                 break;
2288             }
2289         }
2290     }
2291     return first;
2292 }
2293 
2294 //   <operator-name>
2295 //                   ::= aa    # &&
2296 //                   ::= ad    # & (unary)
2297 //                   ::= an    # &
2298 //                   ::= aN    # &=
2299 //                   ::= aS    # =
2300 //                   ::= cl    # ()
2301 //                   ::= cm    # ,
2302 //                   ::= co    # ~
2303 //                   ::= cv <type>    # (cast)
2304 //                   ::= da    # delete[]
2305 //                   ::= de    # * (unary)
2306 //                   ::= dl    # delete
2307 //                   ::= dv    # /
2308 //                   ::= dV    # /=
2309 //                   ::= eo    # ^
2310 //                   ::= eO    # ^=
2311 //                   ::= eq    # ==
2312 //                   ::= ge    # >=
2313 //                   ::= gt    # >
2314 //                   ::= ix    # []
2315 //                   ::= le    # <=
2316 //                   ::= ls    # <<
2317 //                   ::= lS    # <<=
2318 //                   ::= lt    # <
2319 //                   ::= mi    # -
2320 //                   ::= mI    # -=
2321 //                   ::= ml    # *
2322 //                   ::= mL    # *=
2323 //                   ::= mm    # -- (postfix in <expression> context)
2324 //                   ::= na    # new[]
2325 //                   ::= ne    # !=
2326 //                   ::= ng    # - (unary)
2327 //                   ::= nt    # !
2328 //                   ::= nw    # new
2329 //                   ::= oo    # ||
2330 //                   ::= or    # |
2331 //                   ::= oR    # |=
2332 //                   ::= pm    # ->*
2333 //                   ::= pl    # +
2334 //                   ::= pL    # +=
2335 //                   ::= pp    # ++ (postfix in <expression> context)
2336 //                   ::= ps    # + (unary)
2337 //                   ::= pt    # ->
2338 //                   ::= qu    # ?
2339 //                   ::= rm    # %
2340 //                   ::= rM    # %=
2341 //                   ::= rs    # >>
2342 //                   ::= rS    # >>=
2343 //                   ::= v <digit> <source-name>        # vendor extended operator
2344 
2345 template <class C>
2346 const char*
2347 parse_operator_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
2348 {
2349     if (last - first >= 2)
2350     {
2351         switch (first[0])
2352         {
2353         case 'a':
2354             switch (first[1])
2355             {
2356             case 'a':
2357                 db.names.push_back("operator&&");
2358                 first += 2;
2359                 break;
2360             case 'd':
2361             case 'n':
2362                 db.names.push_back("operator&");
2363                 first += 2;
2364                 break;
2365             case 'N':
2366                 db.names.push_back("operator&=");
2367                 first += 2;
2368                 break;
2369             case 'S':
2370                 db.names.push_back("operator=");
2371                 first += 2;
2372                 break;
2373             }
2374             break;
2375         case 'c':
2376             switch (first[1])
2377             {
2378             case 'l':
2379                 db.names.push_back("operator()");
2380                 first += 2;
2381                 break;
2382             case 'm':
2383                 db.names.push_back("operator,");
2384                 first += 2;
2385                 break;
2386             case 'o':
2387                 db.names.push_back("operator~");
2388                 first += 2;
2389                 break;
2390             case 'v':
2391                 {
2392                     bool try_to_parse_template_args = db.try_to_parse_template_args;
2393                     db.try_to_parse_template_args = false;
2394                     const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
2395                     db.try_to_parse_template_args = try_to_parse_template_args;
2396                     if (t != first+2)
2397                     {
2398                         if (db.names.empty())
2399                             return first;
2400                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "operator ");
2401                         db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
2402                         first = t;
2403                     }
2404                 }
2405                 break;
2406             }
2407             break;
2408         case 'd':
2409             switch (first[1])
2410             {
2411             case 'a':
2412                 db.names.push_back("operator delete[]");
2413                 first += 2;
2414                 break;
2415             case 'e':
2416                 db.names.push_back("operator*");
2417                 first += 2;
2418                 break;
2419             case 'l':
2420                 db.names.push_back("operator delete");
2421                 first += 2;
2422                 break;
2423             case 'v':
2424                 db.names.push_back("operator/");
2425                 first += 2;
2426                 break;
2427             case 'V':
2428                 db.names.push_back("operator/=");
2429                 first += 2;
2430                 break;
2431             }
2432             break;
2433         case 'e':
2434             switch (first[1])
2435             {
2436             case 'o':
2437                 db.names.push_back("operator^");
2438                 first += 2;
2439                 break;
2440             case 'O':
2441                 db.names.push_back("operator^=");
2442                 first += 2;
2443                 break;
2444             case 'q':
2445                 db.names.push_back("operator==");
2446                 first += 2;
2447                 break;
2448             }
2449             break;
2450         case 'g':
2451             switch (first[1])
2452             {
2453             case 'e':
2454                 db.names.push_back("operator>=");
2455                 first += 2;
2456                 break;
2457             case 't':
2458                 db.names.push_back("operator>");
2459                 first += 2;
2460                 break;
2461             }
2462             break;
2463         case 'i':
2464             if (first[1] == 'x')
2465             {
2466                 db.names.push_back("operator[]");
2467                 first += 2;
2468             }
2469             break;
2470         case 'l':
2471             switch (first[1])
2472             {
2473             case 'e':
2474                 db.names.push_back("operator<=");
2475                 first += 2;
2476                 break;
2477             case 's':
2478                 db.names.push_back("operator<<");
2479                 first += 2;
2480                 break;
2481             case 'S':
2482                 db.names.push_back("operator<<=");
2483                 first += 2;
2484                 break;
2485             case 't':
2486                 db.names.push_back("operator<");
2487                 first += 2;
2488                 break;
2489             }
2490             break;
2491         case 'm':
2492             switch (first[1])
2493             {
2494             case 'i':
2495                 db.names.push_back("operator-");
2496                 first += 2;
2497                 break;
2498             case 'I':
2499                 db.names.push_back("operator-=");
2500                 first += 2;
2501                 break;
2502             case 'l':
2503                 db.names.push_back("operator*");
2504                 first += 2;
2505                 break;
2506             case 'L':
2507                 db.names.push_back("operator*=");
2508                 first += 2;
2509                 break;
2510             case 'm':
2511                 db.names.push_back("operator--");
2512                 first += 2;
2513                 break;
2514             }
2515             break;
2516         case 'n':
2517             switch (first[1])
2518             {
2519             case 'a':
2520                 db.names.push_back("operator new[]");
2521                 first += 2;
2522                 break;
2523             case 'e':
2524                 db.names.push_back("operator!=");
2525                 first += 2;
2526                 break;
2527             case 'g':
2528                 db.names.push_back("operator-");
2529                 first += 2;
2530                 break;
2531             case 't':
2532                 db.names.push_back("operator!");
2533                 first += 2;
2534                 break;
2535             case 'w':
2536                 db.names.push_back("operator new");
2537                 first += 2;
2538                 break;
2539             }
2540             break;
2541         case 'o':
2542             switch (first[1])
2543             {
2544             case 'o':
2545                 db.names.push_back("operator||");
2546                 first += 2;
2547                 break;
2548             case 'r':
2549                 db.names.push_back("operator|");
2550                 first += 2;
2551                 break;
2552             case 'R':
2553                 db.names.push_back("operator|=");
2554                 first += 2;
2555                 break;
2556             }
2557             break;
2558         case 'p':
2559             switch (first[1])
2560             {
2561             case 'm':
2562                 db.names.push_back("operator->*");
2563                 first += 2;
2564                 break;
2565             case 'l':
2566                 db.names.push_back("operator+");
2567                 first += 2;
2568                 break;
2569             case 'L':
2570                 db.names.push_back("operator+=");
2571                 first += 2;
2572                 break;
2573             case 'p':
2574                 db.names.push_back("operator++");
2575                 first += 2;
2576                 break;
2577             case 's':
2578                 db.names.push_back("operator+");
2579                 first += 2;
2580                 break;
2581             case 't':
2582                 db.names.push_back("operator->");
2583                 first += 2;
2584                 break;
2585             }
2586             break;
2587         case 'q':
2588             if (first[1] == 'u')
2589             {
2590                 db.names.push_back("operator?");
2591                 first += 2;
2592             }
2593             break;
2594         case 'r':
2595             switch (first[1])
2596             {
2597             case 'm':
2598                 db.names.push_back("operator%");
2599                 first += 2;
2600                 break;
2601             case 'M':
2602                 db.names.push_back("operator%=");
2603                 first += 2;
2604                 break;
2605             case 's':
2606                 db.names.push_back("operator>>");
2607                 first += 2;
2608                 break;
2609             case 'S':
2610                 db.names.push_back("operator>>=");
2611                 first += 2;
2612                 break;
2613             }
2614             break;
2615         case 'v':
2616             if (std::isdigit(first[1]))
2617             {
2618                 const char* t = parse_source_name(first+2, last, db);
2619                 if (t != first+2)
2620                 {
2621                     if (db.names.empty())
2622                         return first;
2623                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "operator ");
2624                     first = t;
2625                 }
2626             }
2627             break;
2628         }
2629     }
2630     return first;
2631 }
2632 
2633 template <class C>
2634 const char*
2635 parse_integer_literal(const char* first, const char* last, const typename C::String& lit, C& db)
2636 {
2637     const char* t = parse_number(first, last);
2638     if (t != first && t != last && *t == 'E')
2639     {
2640         if (lit.size() > 3)
2641             db.names.push_back("(" + lit + ")");
2642         else
2643             db.names.emplace_back();
2644         if (*first == 'n')
2645         {
2646             db.names.back().first += '-';
2647             ++first;
2648         }
2649         db.names.back().first.append(first, t);
2650         if (lit.size() <= 3)
2651             db.names.back().first += lit;
2652         first = t+1;
2653     }
2654     return first;
2655 }
2656 
2657 // <expr-primary> ::= L <type> <value number> E                          # integer literal
2658 //                ::= L <type> <value float> E                           # floating literal
2659 //                ::= L <string type> E                                  # string literal
2660 //                ::= L <nullptr type> E                                 # nullptr literal (i.e., "LDnE")
2661 //                ::= L <type> <real-part float> _ <imag-part float> E   # complex floating point literal (C 2000)
2662 //                ::= L <mangled-name> E                                 # external name
2663 
2664 template <class C>
2665 const char*
2666 parse_expr_primary(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
2667 {
2668     if (last - first >= 4 && *first == 'L')
2669     {
2670         switch (first[1])
2671         {
2672         case 'w':
2673             {
2674             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "wchar_t", db);
2675             if (t != first+2)
2676                 first = t;
2677             }
2678             break;
2679         case 'b':
2680             if (first[3] == 'E')
2681             {
2682                 switch (first[2])
2683                 {
2684                 case '0':
2685                     db.names.push_back("false");
2686                     first += 4;
2687                     break;
2688                 case '1':
2689                     db.names.push_back("true");
2690                     first += 4;
2691                     break;
2692                 }
2693             }
2694             break;
2695         case 'c':
2696             {
2697             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "char", db);
2698             if (t != first+2)
2699                 first = t;
2700             }
2701             break;
2702         case 'a':
2703             {
2704             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "signed char", db);
2705             if (t != first+2)
2706                 first = t;
2707             }
2708             break;
2709         case 'h':
2710             {
2711             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "unsigned char", db);
2712             if (t != first+2)
2713                 first = t;
2714             }
2715             break;
2716         case 's':
2717             {
2718             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "short", db);
2719             if (t != first+2)
2720                 first = t;
2721             }
2722             break;
2723         case 't':
2724             {
2725             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "unsigned short", db);
2726             if (t != first+2)
2727                 first = t;
2728             }
2729             break;
2730         case 'i':
2731             {
2732             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "", db);
2733             if (t != first+2)
2734                 first = t;
2735             }
2736             break;
2737         case 'j':
2738             {
2739             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "u", db);
2740             if (t != first+2)
2741                 first = t;
2742             }
2743             break;
2744         case 'l':
2745             {
2746             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "l", db);
2747             if (t != first+2)
2748                 first = t;
2749             }
2750             break;
2751         case 'm':
2752             {
2753             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "ul", db);
2754             if (t != first+2)
2755                 first = t;
2756             }
2757             break;
2758         case 'x':
2759             {
2760             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "ll", db);
2761             if (t != first+2)
2762                 first = t;
2763             }
2764             break;
2765         case 'y':
2766             {
2767             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "ull", db);
2768             if (t != first+2)
2769                 first = t;
2770             }
2771             break;
2772         case 'n':
2773             {
2774             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "__int128", db);
2775             if (t != first+2)
2776                 first = t;
2777             }
2778             break;
2779         case 'o':
2780             {
2781             const char* t = parse_integer_literal(first+2, last, "unsigned __int128", db);
2782             if (t != first+2)
2783                 first = t;
2784             }
2785             break;
2786         case 'f':
2787             {
2788             const char* t = parse_floating_number<float>(first+2, last, db);
2789             if (t != first+2)
2790                 first = t;
2791             }
2792             break;
2793         case 'd':
2794             {
2795             const char* t = parse_floating_number<double>(first+2, last, db);
2796             if (t != first+2)
2797                 first = t;
2798             }
2799             break;
2800          case 'e':
2801             {
2802             const char* t = parse_floating_number<long double>(first+2, last, db);
2803             if (t != first+2)
2804                 first = t;
2805             }
2806             break;
2807         case '_':
2808             if (first[2] == 'Z')
2809             {
2810                 const char* t = parse_encoding(first+3, last, db);
2811                 if (t != first+3 && t != last && *t == 'E')
2812                     first = t+1;
2813             }
2814             break;
2815         case 'T':
2816             // Invalid mangled name per
2817             //   http://sourcerytools.com/pipermail/cxx-abi-dev/2011-August/002422.html
2818             break;
2819         default:
2820             {
2821                 // might be named type
2822                 const char* t = parse_type(first+1, last, db);
2823                 if (t != first+1 && t != last)
2824                 {
2825                     if (*t != 'E')
2826                     {
2827                         const char* n = t;
2828                         for (; n != last && isdigit(*n); ++n)
2829                             ;
2830                         if (n != t && n != last && *n == 'E')
2831                         {
2832                             if (db.names.empty())
2833                                 return first;
2834                             db.names.back() = "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")" + typename C::String(t, n);
2835                             first = n+1;
2836                             break;
2837                         }
2838                     }
2839                     else
2840                     {
2841                         first = t+1;
2842                         break;
2843                     }
2844                 }
2845             }
2846         }
2847     }
2848     return first;
2849 }
2850 
2851 template <class String>
2852 String
2853 base_name(String& s)
2854 {
2855     if (s.empty())
2856         return s;
2857     if (s == "std::string")
2858     {
2859         s = "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >";
2860         return "basic_string";
2861     }
2862     if (s == "std::istream")
2863     {
2864         s = "std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
2865         return "basic_istream";
2866     }
2867     if (s == "std::ostream")
2868     {
2869         s = "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
2870         return "basic_ostream";
2871     }
2872     if (s == "std::iostream")
2873     {
2874         s = "std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >";
2875         return "basic_iostream";
2876     }
2877     const char* const pf = s.data();
2878     const char* pe = pf + s.size();
2879     if (pe[-1] == '>')
2880     {
2881         unsigned c = 1;
2882         while (true)
2883         {
2884             if (--pe == pf)
2885                 return String();
2886             if (pe[-1] == '<')
2887             {
2888                 if (--c == 0)
2889                 {
2890                     --pe;
2891                     break;
2892                 }
2893             }
2894             else if (pe[-1] == '>')
2895                 ++c;
2896         }
2897     }
2898     const char* p0 = pe - 1;
2899     for (; p0 != pf; --p0)
2900     {
2901         if (*p0 == ':')
2902         {
2903             ++p0;
2904             break;
2905         }
2906     }
2907     return String(p0, pe);
2908 }
2909 
2910 // <ctor-dtor-name> ::= C1    # complete object constructor
2911 //                  ::= C2    # base object constructor
2912 //                  ::= C3    # complete object allocating constructor
2913 //   extension      ::= C5    # ?
2914 //                  ::= D0    # deleting destructor
2915 //                  ::= D1    # complete object destructor
2916 //                  ::= D2    # base object destructor
2917 //   extension      ::= D5    # ?
2918 
2919 template <class C>
2920 const char*
2921 parse_ctor_dtor_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
2922 {
2923     if (last-first >= 2 && !db.names.empty())
2924     {
2925         switch (first[0])
2926         {
2927         case 'C':
2928             switch (first[1])
2929             {
2930             case '1':
2931             case '2':
2932             case '3':
2933             case '5':
2934                 if (db.names.empty())
2935                     return first;
2936                 db.names.push_back(base_name(db.names.back().first));
2937                 first += 2;
2938                 db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
2939                 break;
2940             }
2941             break;
2942         case 'D':
2943             switch (first[1])
2944             {
2945             case '0':
2946             case '1':
2947             case '2':
2948             case '5':
2949                 if (db.names.empty())
2950                     return first;
2951                 db.names.push_back("~" + base_name(db.names.back().first));
2952                 first += 2;
2953                 db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = true;
2954                 break;
2955             }
2956             break;
2957         }
2958     }
2959     return first;
2960 }
2961 
2962 // <unnamed-type-name> ::= Ut [ <nonnegative number> ] _
2963 //                     ::= <closure-type-name>
2964 //
2965 // <closure-type-name> ::= Ul <lambda-sig> E [ <nonnegative number> ] _
2966 //
2967 // <lambda-sig> ::= <parameter type>+  # Parameter types or "v" if the lambda has no parameters
2968 
2969 template <class C>
2970 const char*
2971 parse_unnamed_type_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
2972 {
2973     if (last - first > 2 && first[0] == 'U')
2974     {
2975         char type = first[1];
2976         switch (type)
2977         {
2978         case 't':
2979           {
2980             db.names.push_back(typename C::String("'unnamed"));
2981             const char* t0 = first+2;
2982             if (t0 == last)
2983             {
2984                 db.names.pop_back();
2985                 return first;
2986             }
2987             if (std::isdigit(*t0))
2988             {
2989                 const char* t1 = t0 + 1;
2990                 while (t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1))
2991                     ++t1;
2992                 db.names.back().first.append(t0, t1);
2993                 t0 = t1;
2994             }
2995             db.names.back().first.push_back('\'');
2996             if (t0 == last || *t0 != '_')
2997             {
2998                 db.names.pop_back();
2999                 return first;
3000             }
3001             first = t0 + 1;
3002           }
3003             break;
3004         case 'l':
3005           {
3006             db.names.push_back(typename C::String("'lambda'("));
3007             const char* t0 = first+2;
3008             if (first[2] == 'v')
3009             {
3010                 db.names.back().first += ')';
3011                 ++t0;
3012             }
3013             else
3014             {
3015                 const char* t1 = parse_type(t0, last, db);
3016                 if (t1 == t0)
3017                 {
3018                     db.names.pop_back();
3019                     return first;
3020                 }
3021                 if (db.names.size() < 2)
3022                     return first;
3023                 auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
3024                 db.names.pop_back();
3025                 db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
3026                 t0 = t1;
3027                 while (true)
3028                 {
3029                     t1 = parse_type(t0, last, db);
3030                     if (t1 == t0)
3031                         break;
3032                     if (db.names.size() < 2)
3033                         return first;
3034                     tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
3035                     db.names.pop_back();
3036                     if (!tmp.empty())
3037                     {
3038                         db.names.back().first.append(", ");
3039                         db.names.back().first.append(tmp);
3040                     }
3041                     t0 = t1;
3042                 }
3043                 db.names.back().first.append(")");
3044             }
3045             if (t0 == last || *t0 != 'E')
3046             {
3047                 db.names.pop_back();
3048                 return first;
3049             }
3050             ++t0;
3051             if (t0 == last)
3052             {
3053                 db.names.pop_back();
3054                 return first;
3055             }
3056             if (std::isdigit(*t0))
3057             {
3058                 const char* t1 = t0 + 1;
3059                 while (t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1))
3060                     ++t1;
3061                 db.names.back().first.insert(db.names.back().first.begin()+7, t0, t1);
3062                 t0 = t1;
3063             }
3064             if (t0 == last || *t0 != '_')
3065             {
3066                 db.names.pop_back();
3067                 return first;
3068             }
3069             first = t0 + 1;
3070           }
3071             break;
3072         }
3073     }
3074     return first;
3075 }
3076 
3077 // <unqualified-name> ::= <operator-name>
3078 //                    ::= <ctor-dtor-name>
3079 //                    ::= <source-name>
3080 //                    ::= <unnamed-type-name>
3081 
3082 template <class C>
3083 const char*
3084 parse_unqualified_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3085 {
3086     if (first != last)
3087     {
3088         const char* t;
3089         switch (*first)
3090         {
3091         case 'C':
3092         case 'D':
3093             t = parse_ctor_dtor_name(first, last, db);
3094             if (t != first)
3095                 first = t;
3096             break;
3097         case 'U':
3098             t = parse_unnamed_type_name(first, last, db);
3099             if (t != first)
3100                 first = t;
3101             break;
3102         case '1':
3103         case '2':
3104         case '3':
3105         case '4':
3106         case '5':
3107         case '6':
3108         case '7':
3109         case '8':
3110         case '9':
3111             t = parse_source_name(first, last, db);
3112             if (t != first)
3113                 first = t;
3114             break;
3115         default:
3116             t = parse_operator_name(first, last, db);
3117             if (t != first)
3118                 first = t;
3119             break;
3120         };
3121     }
3122     return first;
3123 }
3124 
3125 // <unscoped-name> ::= <unqualified-name>
3126 //                 ::= St <unqualified-name>   # ::std::
3127 // extension       ::= StL<unqualified-name>
3128 
3129 template <class C>
3130 const char*
3131 parse_unscoped_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3132 {
3133     if (last - first >= 2)
3134     {
3135         const char* t0 = first;
3136         bool St = false;
3137         if (first[0] == 'S' && first[1] == 't')
3138         {
3139             t0 += 2;
3140             St = true;
3141             if (t0 != last && *t0 == 'L')
3142                 ++t0;
3143         }
3144         const char* t1 = parse_unqualified_name(t0, last, db);
3145         if (t1 != t0)
3146         {
3147             if (St)
3148             {
3149                 if (db.names.empty())
3150                     return first;
3151                 db.names.back().first.insert(0, "std::");
3152             }
3153             first = t1;
3154         }
3155     }
3156     return first;
3157 }
3158 
3159 // at <type>                                            # alignof (a type)
3160 
3161 template <class C>
3162 const char*
3163 parse_alignof_type(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3164 {
3165     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'a' && first[1] == 't')
3166     {
3167         const char* t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
3168         if (t != first+2)
3169         {
3170             if (db.names.empty())
3171                 return first;
3172             db.names.back().first = "alignof (" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
3173             first = t;
3174         }
3175     }
3176     return first;
3177 }
3178 
3179 // az <expression>                                            # alignof (a expression)
3180 
3181 template <class C>
3182 const char*
3183 parse_alignof_expr(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3184 {
3185     if (last - first >= 3 && first[0] == 'a' && first[1] == 'z')
3186     {
3187         const char* t = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
3188         if (t != first+2)
3189         {
3190             if (db.names.empty())
3191                 return first;
3192             db.names.back().first = "alignof (" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
3193             first = t;
3194         }
3195     }
3196     return first;
3197 }
3198 
3199 template <class C>
3200 const char*
3201 parse_noexcept_expression(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3202 {
3203     const char* t1 = parse_expression(first, last, db);
3204     if (t1 != first)
3205     {
3206         if (db.names.empty())
3207             return first;
3208         db.names.back().first =  "noexcept (" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
3209         first = t1;
3210     }
3211     return first;
3212 }
3213 
3214 template <class C>
3215 const char*
3216 parse_prefix_expression(const char* first, const char* last, const typename C::String& op, C& db)
3217 {
3218     const char* t1 = parse_expression(first, last, db);
3219     if (t1 != first)
3220     {
3221         if (db.names.empty())
3222             return first;
3223         db.names.back().first =  op + "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")";
3224         first = t1;
3225     }
3226     return first;
3227 }
3228 
3229 template <class C>
3230 const char*
3231 parse_binary_expression(const char* first, const char* last, const typename C::String& op, C& db)
3232 {
3233     const char* t1 = parse_expression(first, last, db);
3234     if (t1 != first)
3235     {
3236         const char* t2 = parse_expression(t1, last, db);
3237         if (t2 != t1)
3238         {
3239             if (db.names.size() < 2)
3240                 return first;
3241             auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
3242             db.names.pop_back();
3243             auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
3244             auto& nm = db.names.back().first;
3245             nm.clear();
3246             if (op == ">")
3247                 nm += '(';
3248             nm += "(" + op1 + ") " + op + " (" + op2 + ")";
3249             if (op == ">")
3250                 nm += ')';
3251             first = t2;
3252         }
3253         else
3254             db.names.pop_back();
3255     }
3256     return first;
3257 }
3258 
3259 // <expression> ::= <unary operator-name> <expression>
3260 //              ::= <binary operator-name> <expression> <expression>
3261 //              ::= <ternary operator-name> <expression> <expression> <expression>
3262 //              ::= cl <expression>+ E                                   # call
3263 //              ::= cv <type> <expression>                               # conversion with one argument
3264 //              ::= cv <type> _ <expression>* E                          # conversion with a different number of arguments
3265 //              ::= [gs] nw <expression>* _ <type> E                     # new (expr-list) type
3266 //              ::= [gs] nw <expression>* _ <type> <initializer>         # new (expr-list) type (init)
3267 //              ::= [gs] na <expression>* _ <type> E                     # new[] (expr-list) type
3268 //              ::= [gs] na <expression>* _ <type> <initializer>         # new[] (expr-list) type (init)
3269 //              ::= [gs] dl <expression>                                 # delete expression
3270 //              ::= [gs] da <expression>                                 # delete[] expression
3271 //              ::= pp_ <expression>                                     # prefix ++
3272 //              ::= mm_ <expression>                                     # prefix --
3273 //              ::= ti <type>                                            # typeid (type)
3274 //              ::= te <expression>                                      # typeid (expression)
3275 //              ::= dc <type> <expression>                               # dynamic_cast<type> (expression)
3276 //              ::= sc <type> <expression>                               # static_cast<type> (expression)
3277 //              ::= cc <type> <expression>                               # const_cast<type> (expression)
3278 //              ::= rc <type> <expression>                               # reinterpret_cast<type> (expression)
3279 //              ::= st <type>                                            # sizeof (a type)
3280 //              ::= sz <expression>                                      # sizeof (an expression)
3281 //              ::= at <type>                                            # alignof (a type)
3282 //              ::= az <expression>                                      # alignof (an expression)
3283 //              ::= nx <expression>                                      # noexcept (expression)
3284 //              ::= <template-param>
3285 //              ::= <function-param>
3286 //              ::= dt <expression> <unresolved-name>                    # expr.name
3287 //              ::= pt <expression> <unresolved-name>                    # expr->name
3288 //              ::= ds <expression> <expression>                         # expr.*expr
3289 //              ::= sZ <template-param>                                  # size of a parameter pack
3290 //              ::= sZ <function-param>                                  # size of a function parameter pack
3291 //              ::= sp <expression>                                      # pack expansion
3292 //              ::= tw <expression>                                      # throw expression
3293 //              ::= tr                                                   # throw with no operand (rethrow)
3294 //              ::= <unresolved-name>                                    # f(p), N::f(p), ::f(p),
3295 //                                                                       # freestanding dependent name (e.g., T::x),
3296 //                                                                       # objectless nonstatic member reference
3297 //              ::= <expr-primary>
3298 
3299 template <class C>
3300 const char*
3301 parse_expression(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3302 {
3303     if (last - first >= 2)
3304     {
3305         const char* t = first;
3306         bool parsed_gs = false;
3307         if (last - first >= 4 && t[0] == 'g' && t[1] == 's')
3308         {
3309             t += 2;
3310             parsed_gs = true;
3311         }
3312         switch (*t)
3313         {
3314         case 'L':
3315             first = parse_expr_primary(first, last, db);
3316             break;
3317         case 'T':
3318             first = parse_template_param(first, last, db);
3319             break;
3320         case 'f':
3321             first = parse_function_param(first, last, db);
3322             break;
3323         case 'a':
3324             switch (t[1])
3325             {
3326             case 'a':
3327                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "&&", db);
3328                 if (t != first+2)
3329                     first = t;
3330                 break;
3331             case 'd':
3332                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "&", db);
3333                 if (t != first+2)
3334                     first = t;
3335                 break;
3336             case 'n':
3337                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "&", db);
3338                 if (t != first+2)
3339                     first = t;
3340                 break;
3341             case 'N':
3342                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "&=", db);
3343                 if (t != first+2)
3344                     first = t;
3345                 break;
3346             case 'S':
3347                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "=", db);
3348                 if (t != first+2)
3349                     first = t;
3350                 break;
3351             case 't':
3352                 first = parse_alignof_type(first, last, db);
3353                 break;
3354             case 'z':
3355                 first = parse_alignof_expr(first, last, db);
3356                 break;
3357             }
3358             break;
3359         case 'c':
3360             switch (t[1])
3361             {
3362             case 'c':
3363                 first = parse_const_cast_expr(first, last, db);
3364                 break;
3365             case 'l':
3366                 first = parse_call_expr(first, last, db);
3367                 break;
3368             case 'm':
3369                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, ",", db);
3370                 if (t != first+2)
3371                     first = t;
3372                 break;
3373             case 'o':
3374                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "~", db);
3375                 if (t != first+2)
3376                     first = t;
3377                 break;
3378             case 'v':
3379                 first = parse_conversion_expr(first, last, db);
3380                 break;
3381             }
3382             break;
3383         case 'd':
3384             switch (t[1])
3385             {
3386             case 'a':
3387                 {
3388                     const char* t1 = parse_expression(t+2, last, db);
3389                     if (t1 != t+2)
3390                     {
3391                         if (db.names.empty())
3392                             return first;
3393                         db.names.back().first = (parsed_gs ? typename C::String("::") : typename C::String()) +
3394                                           "delete[] " + db.names.back().move_full();
3395                         first = t1;
3396                     }
3397                 }
3398                 break;
3399             case 'c':
3400                 first = parse_dynamic_cast_expr(first, last, db);
3401                 break;
3402             case 'e':
3403                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "*", db);
3404                 if (t != first+2)
3405                     first = t;
3406                 break;
3407             case 'l':
3408                 {
3409                     const char* t1 = parse_expression(t+2, last, db);
3410                     if (t1 != t+2)
3411                     {
3412                         if (db.names.empty())
3413                             return first;
3414                         db.names.back().first = (parsed_gs ? typename C::String("::") : typename C::String()) +
3415                                           "delete " + db.names.back().move_full();
3416                         first = t1;
3417                     }
3418                 }
3419                 break;
3420             case 'n':
3421                 return parse_unresolved_name(first, last, db);
3422             case 's':
3423                 first = parse_dot_star_expr(first, last, db);
3424                 break;
3425             case 't':
3426                 first = parse_dot_expr(first, last, db);
3427                 break;
3428             case 'v':
3429                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "/", db);
3430                 if (t != first+2)
3431                     first = t;
3432                 break;
3433             case 'V':
3434                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "/=", db);
3435                 if (t != first+2)
3436                     first = t;
3437                 break;
3438             }
3439             break;
3440         case 'e':
3441             switch (t[1])
3442             {
3443             case 'o':
3444                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "^", db);
3445                 if (t != first+2)
3446                     first = t;
3447                 break;
3448             case 'O':
3449                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "^=", db);
3450                 if (t != first+2)
3451                     first = t;
3452                 break;
3453             case 'q':
3454                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "==", db);
3455                 if (t != first+2)
3456                     first = t;
3457                 break;
3458             }
3459             break;
3460         case 'g':
3461             switch (t[1])
3462             {
3463             case 'e':
3464                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, ">=", db);
3465                 if (t != first+2)
3466                     first = t;
3467                 break;
3468             case 't':
3469                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, ">", db);
3470                 if (t != first+2)
3471                     first = t;
3472                 break;
3473             }
3474             break;
3475         case 'i':
3476             if (t[1] == 'x')
3477             {
3478                 const char* t1 = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
3479                 if (t1 != first+2)
3480                 {
3481                     const char* t2 = parse_expression(t1, last, db);
3482                     if (t2 != t1)
3483                     {
3484                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
3485                             return first;
3486                         auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
3487                         db.names.pop_back();
3488                         auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
3489                         db.names.back() = "(" + op1 + ")[" + op2 + "]";
3490                         first = t2;
3491                     }
3492                     else
3493                         db.names.pop_back();
3494                 }
3495             }
3496             break;
3497         case 'l':
3498             switch (t[1])
3499             {
3500             case 'e':
3501                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "<=", db);
3502                 if (t != first+2)
3503                     first = t;
3504                 break;
3505             case 's':
3506                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "<<", db);
3507                 if (t != first+2)
3508                     first = t;
3509                 break;
3510             case 'S':
3511                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "<<=", db);
3512                 if (t != first+2)
3513                     first = t;
3514                 break;
3515             case 't':
3516                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "<", db);
3517                 if (t != first+2)
3518                     first = t;
3519                 break;
3520             }
3521             break;
3522         case 'm':
3523             switch (t[1])
3524             {
3525             case 'i':
3526                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "-", db);
3527                 if (t != first+2)
3528                     first = t;
3529                 break;
3530             case 'I':
3531                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "-=", db);
3532                 if (t != first+2)
3533                     first = t;
3534                 break;
3535             case 'l':
3536                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "*", db);
3537                 if (t != first+2)
3538                     first = t;
3539                 break;
3540             case 'L':
3541                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "*=", db);
3542                 if (t != first+2)
3543                     first = t;
3544                 break;
3545             case 'm':
3546                 if (first+2 != last && first[2] == '_')
3547                 {
3548                     t = parse_prefix_expression(first+3, last, "--", db);
3549                     if (t != first+3)
3550                         first = t;
3551                 }
3552                 else
3553                 {
3554                     const char* t1 = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
3555                     if (t1 != first+2)
3556                     {
3557                         if (db.names.empty())
3558                             return first;
3559                         db.names.back() = "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")--";
3560                         first = t1;
3561                     }
3562                 }
3563                 break;
3564             }
3565             break;
3566         case 'n':
3567             switch (t[1])
3568             {
3569             case 'a':
3570             case 'w':
3571                 first = parse_new_expr(first, last, db);
3572                 break;
3573             case 'e':
3574                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "!=", db);
3575                 if (t != first+2)
3576                     first = t;
3577                 break;
3578             case 'g':
3579                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "-", db);
3580                 if (t != first+2)
3581                     first = t;
3582                 break;
3583             case 't':
3584                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "!", db);
3585                 if (t != first+2)
3586                     first = t;
3587                 break;
3588             case 'x':
3589                 t = parse_noexcept_expression(first+2, last, db);
3590                 if (t != first+2)
3591                     first = t;
3592                 break;
3593             }
3594             break;
3595         case 'o':
3596             switch (t[1])
3597             {
3598             case 'n':
3599                 return parse_unresolved_name(first, last, db);
3600             case 'o':
3601                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "||", db);
3602                 if (t != first+2)
3603                     first = t;
3604                 break;
3605             case 'r':
3606                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "|", db);
3607                 if (t != first+2)
3608                     first = t;
3609                 break;
3610             case 'R':
3611                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "|=", db);
3612                 if (t != first+2)
3613                     first = t;
3614                 break;
3615             }
3616             break;
3617         case 'p':
3618             switch (t[1])
3619             {
3620             case 'm':
3621                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "->*", db);
3622                 if (t != first+2)
3623                     first = t;
3624                 break;
3625             case 'l':
3626                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "+", db);
3627                 if (t != first+2)
3628                     first = t;
3629                 break;
3630             case 'L':
3631                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "+=", db);
3632                 if (t != first+2)
3633                     first = t;
3634                 break;
3635             case 'p':
3636                 if (first+2 != last && first[2] == '_')
3637                 {
3638                     t = parse_prefix_expression(first+3, last, "++", db);
3639                     if (t != first+3)
3640                         first = t;
3641                 }
3642                 else
3643                 {
3644                     const char* t1 = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
3645                     if (t1 != first+2)
3646                     {
3647                         if (db.names.empty())
3648                             return first;
3649                         db.names.back() = "(" + db.names.back().move_full() + ")++";
3650                         first = t1;
3651                     }
3652                 }
3653                 break;
3654             case 's':
3655                 t = parse_prefix_expression(first+2, last, "+", db);
3656                 if (t != first+2)
3657                     first = t;
3658                 break;
3659             case 't':
3660                 first = parse_arrow_expr(first, last, db);
3661                 break;
3662             }
3663             break;
3664         case 'q':
3665             if (t[1] == 'u')
3666             {
3667                 const char* t1 = parse_expression(first+2, last, db);
3668                 if (t1 != first+2)
3669                 {
3670                     const char* t2 = parse_expression(t1, last, db);
3671                     if (t2 != t1)
3672                     {
3673                         const char* t3 = parse_expression(t2, last, db);
3674                         if (t3 != t2)
3675                         {
3676                             if (db.names.size() < 3)
3677                                 return first;
3678                             auto op3 = db.names.back().move_full();
3679                             db.names.pop_back();
3680                             auto op2 = db.names.back().move_full();
3681                             db.names.pop_back();
3682                             auto op1 = db.names.back().move_full();
3683                             db.names.back() = "(" + op1 + ") ? (" + op2 + ") : (" + op3 + ")";
3684                             first = t3;
3685                         }
3686                         else
3687                         {
3688                             db.names.pop_back();
3689                             db.names.pop_back();
3690                         }
3691                     }
3692                     else
3693                         db.names.pop_back();
3694                 }
3695             }
3696             break;
3697         case 'r':
3698             switch (t[1])
3699             {
3700             case 'c':
3701                 first = parse_reinterpret_cast_expr(first, last, db);
3702                 break;
3703             case 'm':
3704                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "%", db);
3705                 if (t != first+2)
3706                     first = t;
3707                 break;
3708             case 'M':
3709                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, "%=", db);
3710                 if (t != first+2)
3711                     first = t;
3712                 break;
3713             case 's':
3714                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, ">>", db);
3715                 if (t != first+2)
3716                     first = t;
3717                 break;
3718             case 'S':
3719                 t = parse_binary_expression(first+2, last, ">>=", db);
3720                 if (t != first+2)
3721                     first = t;
3722                 break;
3723             }
3724             break;
3725         case 's':
3726             switch (t[1])
3727             {
3728             case 'c':
3729                 first = parse_static_cast_expr(first, last, db);
3730                 break;
3731             case 'p':
3732                 first = parse_pack_expansion(first, last, db);
3733                 break;
3734             case 'r':
3735                 return parse_unresolved_name(first, last, db);
3736             case 't':
3737                 first = parse_sizeof_type_expr(first, last, db);
3738                 break;
3739             case 'z':
3740                 first = parse_sizeof_expr_expr(first, last, db);
3741                 break;
3742             case 'Z':
3743                 if (last - t >= 3)
3744                 {
3745                     switch (t[2])
3746                     {
3747                     case 'T':
3748                         first = parse_sizeof_param_pack_expr(first, last, db);
3749                         break;
3750                     case 'f':
3751                         first = parse_sizeof_function_param_pack_expr(first, last, db);
3752                         break;
3753                     }
3754                 }
3755                 break;
3756             }
3757             break;
3758         case 't':
3759             switch (t[1])
3760             {
3761             case 'e':
3762             case 'i':
3763                 first = parse_typeid_expr(first, last, db);
3764                 break;
3765             case 'r':
3766                 db.names.push_back("throw");
3767                 first += 2;
3768                 break;
3769             case 'w':
3770                 first = parse_throw_expr(first, last, db);
3771                 break;
3772             }
3773             break;
3774         case '1':
3775         case '2':
3776         case '3':
3777         case '4':
3778         case '5':
3779         case '6':
3780         case '7':
3781         case '8':
3782         case '9':
3783             return parse_unresolved_name(first, last, db);
3784         }
3785     }
3786     return first;
3787 }
3788 
3789 // <template-arg> ::= <type>                                             # type or template
3790 //                ::= X <expression> E                                   # expression
3791 //                ::= <expr-primary>                                     # simple expressions
3792 //                ::= J <template-arg>* E                                # argument pack
3793 //                ::= LZ <encoding> E                                    # extension
3794 
3795 template <class C>
3796 const char*
3797 parse_template_arg(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3798 {
3799     if (first != last)
3800     {
3801         const char* t;
3802         switch (*first)
3803         {
3804         case 'X':
3805             t = parse_expression(first+1, last, db);
3806             if (t != first+1)
3807             {
3808                 if (t != last && *t == 'E')
3809                     first = t+1;
3810             }
3811             break;
3812         case 'J':
3813             t = first+1;
3814             if (t == last)
3815                 return first;
3816             while (*t != 'E')
3817             {
3818                 const char* t1 = parse_template_arg(t, last, db);
3819                 if (t1 == t)
3820                     return first;
3821                 t = t1;
3822             }
3823             first = t+1;
3824             break;
3825         case 'L':
3826             // <expr-primary> or LZ <encoding> E
3827             if (first+1 != last && first[1] == 'Z')
3828             {
3829                 t = parse_encoding(first+2, last, db);
3830                 if (t != first+2 && t != last && *t == 'E')
3831                     first = t+1;
3832             }
3833             else
3834                 first = parse_expr_primary(first, last, db);
3835             break;
3836         default:
3837             // <type>
3838             first = parse_type(first, last, db);
3839             break;
3840         }
3841     }
3842     return first;
3843 }
3844 
3845 // <template-args> ::= I <template-arg>* E
3846 //     extension, the abi says <template-arg>+
3847 
3848 template <class C>
3849 const char*
3850 parse_template_args(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3851 {
3852     if (last - first >= 2 && *first == 'I')
3853     {
3854         if (db.tag_templates)
3855             db.template_param.back().clear();
3856         const char* t = first+1;
3857         typename C::String args("<");
3858         while (*t != 'E')
3859         {
3860             if (db.tag_templates)
3861                 db.template_param.emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
3862             size_t k0 = db.names.size();
3863             const char* t1 = parse_template_arg(t, last, db);
3864             size_t k1 = db.names.size();
3865             if (db.tag_templates)
3866                 db.template_param.pop_back();
3867             if (t1 == t || t1 == last)
3868                 return first;
3869             if (db.tag_templates)
3870             {
3871                 db.template_param.back().emplace_back(db.names.get_allocator());
3872                 for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
3873                     db.template_param.back().back().push_back(db.names[k]);
3874             }
3875             for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
3876             {
3877                 if (args.size() > 1)
3878                     args += ", ";
3879                 args += db.names[k].move_full();
3880             }
3881             for (; k1 != k0; --k1)
3882                 db.names.pop_back();
3883             t = t1;
3884         }
3885         first = t + 1;
3886         if (args.back() != '>')
3887             args += ">";
3888         else
3889             args += " >";
3890         db.names.push_back(std::move(args));
3891 
3892     }
3893     return first;
3894 }
3895 
3896 // <nested-name> ::= N [<CV-qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>] <prefix> <unqualified-name> E
3897 //               ::= N [<CV-qualifiers>] [<ref-qualifier>] <template-prefix> <template-args> E
3898 //
3899 // <prefix> ::= <prefix> <unqualified-name>
3900 //          ::= <template-prefix> <template-args>
3901 //          ::= <template-param>
3902 //          ::= <decltype>
3903 //          ::= # empty
3904 //          ::= <substitution>
3905 //          ::= <prefix> <data-member-prefix>
3906 //  extension ::= L
3907 //
3908 // <template-prefix> ::= <prefix> <template unqualified-name>
3909 //                   ::= <template-param>
3910 //                   ::= <substitution>
3911 
3912 template <class C>
3913 const char*
3914 parse_nested_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
3915 {
3916     if (first != last && *first == 'N')
3917     {
3918         unsigned cv;
3919         const char* t0 = parse_cv_qualifiers(first+1, last, cv);
3920         if (t0 == last)
3921             return first;
3922         db.ref = 0;
3923         if (*t0 == 'R')
3924         {
3925             db.ref = 1;
3926             ++t0;
3927         }
3928         else if (*t0 == 'O')
3929         {
3930             db.ref = 2;
3931             ++t0;
3932         }
3933         db.names.emplace_back();
3934         if (last - t0 >= 2 && t0[0] == 'S' && t0[1] == 't')
3935         {
3936             t0 += 2;
3937             db.names.back().first = "std";
3938         }
3939         if (t0 == last)
3940         {
3941             db.names.pop_back();
3942             return first;
3943         }
3944         bool pop_subs = false;
3945         while (*t0 != 'E')
3946         {
3947             const char* t1;
3948             switch (*t0)
3949             {
3950             case 'S':
3951                 if (t0 + 1 != last && t0[1] == 't')
3952                     goto do_parse_unqualified_name;
3953                 t1 = parse_substitution(t0, last, db);
3954                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
3955                 {
3956                     auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
3957                     db.names.pop_back();
3958                     if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
3959                     {
3960                         db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
3961                         db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
3962                     }
3963                     else
3964                         db.names.back().first = name;
3965                     pop_subs = true;
3966                     t0 = t1;
3967                 }
3968                 else
3969                     return first;
3970                 break;
3971             case 'T':
3972                 t1 = parse_template_param(t0, last, db);
3973                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
3974                 {
3975                     auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
3976                     db.names.pop_back();
3977                     if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
3978                         db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
3979                     else
3980                         db.names.back().first = name;
3981                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
3982                     pop_subs = true;
3983                     t0 = t1;
3984                 }
3985                 else
3986                     return first;
3987                 break;
3988             case 'D':
3989                 if (t0 + 1 != last && t0[1] != 't' && t0[1] != 'T')
3990                     goto do_parse_unqualified_name;
3991                 t1 = parse_decltype(t0, last, db);
3992                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
3993                 {
3994                     auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
3995                     db.names.pop_back();
3996                     if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
3997                         db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
3998                     else
3999                         db.names.back().first = name;
4000                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
4001                     pop_subs = true;
4002                     t0 = t1;
4003                 }
4004                 else
4005                     return first;
4006                 break;
4007             case 'I':
4008                 t1 = parse_template_args(t0, last, db);
4009                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
4010                 {
4011                     auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
4012                     db.names.pop_back();
4013                     db.names.back().first += name;
4014                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
4015                     t0 = t1;
4016                 }
4017                 else
4018                     return first;
4019                 break;
4020             case 'L':
4021                 if (++t0 == last)
4022                     return first;
4023                 break;
4024             default:
4025             do_parse_unqualified_name:
4026                 t1 = parse_unqualified_name(t0, last, db);
4027                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last)
4028                 {
4029                     auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
4030                     db.names.pop_back();
4031                     if (!db.names.back().first.empty())
4032                         db.names.back().first += "::" + name;
4033                     else
4034                         db.names.back().first = name;
4035                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
4036                     pop_subs = true;
4037                     t0 = t1;
4038                 }
4039                 else
4040                     return first;
4041             }
4042         }
4043         first = t0 + 1;
4044         db.cv = cv;
4045         if (pop_subs && !db.subs.empty())
4046             db.subs.pop_back();
4047     }
4048     return first;
4049 }
4050 
4051 // <discriminator> := _ <non-negative number>      # when number < 10
4052 //                 := __ <non-negative number> _   # when number >= 10
4053 //  extension      := decimal-digit+
4054 
4055 const char*
4056 parse_discriminator(const char* first, const char* last)
4057 {
4058     // parse but ignore discriminator
4059     if (first != last)
4060     {
4061         if (*first == '_')
4062         {
4063             const char* t1 = first+1;
4064             if (t1 != last)
4065             {
4066                 if (std::isdigit(*t1))
4067                     first = t1+1;
4068                 else if (*t1 == '_')
4069                 {
4070                     for (++t1; t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1); ++t1)
4071                         ;
4072                     if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
4073                         first = t1 + 1;
4074                 }
4075             }
4076         }
4077         else if (std::isdigit(*first))
4078         {
4079             const char* t1 = first+1;
4080             for (; t1 != last && std::isdigit(*t1); ++t1)
4081                 ;
4082             first = t1;
4083         }
4084     }
4085     return first;
4086 }
4087 
4088 // <local-name> := Z <function encoding> E <entity name> [<discriminator>]
4089 //              := Z <function encoding> E s [<discriminator>]
4090 //              := Z <function encoding> Ed [ <parameter number> ] _ <entity name>
4091 
4092 template <class C>
4093 const char*
4094 parse_local_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4095 {
4096     if (first != last && *first == 'Z')
4097     {
4098         const char* t = parse_encoding(first+1, last, db);
4099         if (t != first+1 && t != last && *t == 'E' && ++t != last)
4100         {
4101             switch (*t)
4102             {
4103             case 's':
4104                 first = parse_discriminator(t+1, last);
4105                 if (db.names.empty())
4106                     return first;
4107                 db.names.back().first.append("::string literal");
4108                 break;
4109             case 'd':
4110                 if (++t != last)
4111                 {
4112                     const char* t1 = parse_number(t, last);
4113                     if (t1 != last && *t1 == '_')
4114                     {
4115                         t = t1 + 1;
4116                         t1 = parse_name(t, last, db);
4117                         if (t1 != t)
4118                         {
4119                             if (db.names.size() < 2)
4120                                 return first;
4121                             auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
4122                             db.names.pop_back();
4123                             db.names.back().first.append("::");
4124                             db.names.back().first.append(name);
4125                             first = t1;
4126                         }
4127                         else
4128                             db.names.pop_back();
4129                     }
4130                 }
4131                 break;
4132             default:
4133                 {
4134                     const char* t1 = parse_name(t, last, db);
4135                     if (t1 != t)
4136                     {
4137                         // parse but ignore discriminator
4138                         first = parse_discriminator(t1, last);
4139                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
4140                             return first;
4141                         auto name = db.names.back().move_full();
4142                         db.names.pop_back();
4143                         db.names.back().first.append("::");
4144                         db.names.back().first.append(name);
4145                     }
4146                     else
4147                         db.names.pop_back();
4148                 }
4149                 break;
4150             }
4151         }
4152     }
4153     return first;
4154 }
4155 
4156 // <name> ::= <nested-name> // N
4157 //        ::= <local-name> # See Scope Encoding below  // Z
4158 //        ::= <unscoped-template-name> <template-args>
4159 //        ::= <unscoped-name>
4160 
4161 // <unscoped-template-name> ::= <unscoped-name>
4162 //                          ::= <substitution>
4163 
4164 template <class C>
4165 const char*
4166 parse_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4167 {
4168     if (last - first >= 2)
4169     {
4170         const char* t0 = first;
4171         // extension: ignore L here
4172         if (*t0 == 'L')
4173             ++t0;
4174         switch (*t0)
4175         {
4176         case 'N':
4177           {
4178             const char* t1 = parse_nested_name(t0, last, db);
4179             if (t1 != t0)
4180                 first = t1;
4181             break;
4182           }
4183         case 'Z':
4184           {
4185             const char* t1 = parse_local_name(t0, last, db);
4186             if (t1 != t0)
4187                 first = t1;
4188             break;
4189           }
4190         default:
4191           {
4192             const char* t1 = parse_unscoped_name(t0, last, db);
4193             if (t1 != t0)
4194             {
4195                 if (t1 != last && *t1 == 'I')  // <unscoped-template-name> <template-args>
4196                 {
4197                     if (db.names.empty())
4198                         return first;
4199                     db.subs.push_back(typename C::sub_type(1, db.names.back(), db.names.get_allocator()));
4200                     t0 = t1;
4201                     t1 = parse_template_args(t0, last, db);
4202                     if (t1 != t0)
4203                     {
4204                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
4205                             return first;
4206                         auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
4207                         db.names.pop_back();
4208                         db.names.back().first += tmp;
4209                         first = t1;
4210                     }
4211                 }
4212                 else   // <unscoped-name>
4213                     first = t1;
4214             }
4215             else
4216             {   // try <substitution> <template-args>
4217                 t1 = parse_substitution(t0, last, db);
4218                 if (t1 != t0 && t1 != last && *t1 == 'I')
4219                 {
4220                     t0 = t1;
4221                     t1 = parse_template_args(t0, last, db);
4222                     if (t1 != t0)
4223                     {
4224                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
4225                             return first;
4226                         auto tmp = db.names.back().move_full();
4227                         db.names.pop_back();
4228                         db.names.back().first += tmp;
4229                         first = t1;
4230                     }
4231                 }
4232             }
4233             break;
4234           }
4235         }
4236     }
4237     return first;
4238 }
4239 
4240 // <call-offset> ::= h <nv-offset> _
4241 //               ::= v <v-offset> _
4242 //
4243 // <nv-offset> ::= <offset number>
4244 //               # non-virtual base override
4245 //
4246 // <v-offset>  ::= <offset number> _ <virtual offset number>
4247 //               # virtual base override, with vcall offset
4248 
4249 const char*
4250 parse_call_offset(const char* first, const char* last)
4251 {
4252     if (first != last)
4253     {
4254         switch (*first)
4255         {
4256         case 'h':
4257             {
4258             const char* t = parse_number(first + 1, last);
4259             if (t != first + 1 && t != last && *t == '_')
4260                 first = t + 1;
4261             }
4262             break;
4263         case 'v':
4264             {
4265             const char* t = parse_number(first + 1, last);
4266             if (t != first + 1 && t != last && *t == '_')
4267             {
4268                 const char* t2 = parse_number(++t, last);
4269                 if (t2 != t && t2 != last && *t2 == '_')
4270                     first = t2 + 1;
4271             }
4272             }
4273             break;
4274         }
4275     }
4276     return first;
4277 }
4278 
4279 // <special-name> ::= TV <type>    # virtual table
4280 //                ::= TT <type>    # VTT structure (construction vtable index)
4281 //                ::= TI <type>    # typeinfo structure
4282 //                ::= TS <type>    # typeinfo name (null-terminated byte string)
4283 //                ::= Tc <call-offset> <call-offset> <base encoding>
4284 //                    # base is the nominal target function of thunk
4285 //                    # first call-offset is 'this' adjustment
4286 //                    # second call-offset is result adjustment
4287 //                ::= T <call-offset> <base encoding>
4288 //                    # base is the nominal target function of thunk
4289 //                ::= GV <object name> # Guard variable for one-time initialization
4290 //                                     # No <type>
4291 //      extension ::= TC <first type> <number> _ <second type> # construction vtable for second-in-first
4292 //      extension ::= GR <object name> # reference temporary for object
4293 
4294 template <class C>
4295 const char*
4296 parse_special_name(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4297 {
4298     if (last - first > 2)
4299     {
4300         const char* t;
4301         switch (*first)
4302         {
4303         case 'T':
4304             switch (first[1])
4305             {
4306             case 'V':
4307                 // TV <type>    # virtual table
4308                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
4309                 if (t != first+2)
4310                 {
4311                     if (db.names.empty())
4312                         return first;
4313                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "vtable for ");
4314                     first = t;
4315                 }
4316                 break;
4317             case 'T':
4318                 // TT <type>    # VTT structure (construction vtable index)
4319                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
4320                 if (t != first+2)
4321                 {
4322                     if (db.names.empty())
4323                         return first;
4324                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "VTT for ");
4325                     first = t;
4326                 }
4327                 break;
4328             case 'I':
4329                 // TI <type>    # typeinfo structure
4330                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
4331                 if (t != first+2)
4332                 {
4333                     if (db.names.empty())
4334                         return first;
4335                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "typeinfo for ");
4336                     first = t;
4337                 }
4338                 break;
4339             case 'S':
4340                 // TS <type>    # typeinfo name (null-terminated byte string)
4341                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
4342                 if (t != first+2)
4343                 {
4344                     if (db.names.empty())
4345                         return first;
4346                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "typeinfo name for ");
4347                     first = t;
4348                 }
4349                 break;
4350             case 'c':
4351                 // Tc <call-offset> <call-offset> <base encoding>
4352               {
4353                 const char* t0 = parse_call_offset(first+2, last);
4354                 if (t0 == first+2)
4355                     break;
4356                 const char* t1 = parse_call_offset(t0, last);
4357                 if (t1 == t0)
4358                     break;
4359                 t = parse_encoding(t1, last, db);
4360                 if (t != t1)
4361                 {
4362                     if (db.names.empty())
4363                         return first;
4364                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "covariant return thunk to ");
4365                     first = t;
4366                 }
4367               }
4368                 break;
4369             case 'C':
4370                 // extension ::= TC <first type> <number> _ <second type> # construction vtable for second-in-first
4371                 t = parse_type(first+2, last, db);
4372                 if (t != first+2)
4373                 {
4374                     const char* t0 = parse_number(t, last);
4375                     if (t0 != t && t0 != last && *t0 == '_')
4376                     {
4377                         const char* t1 = parse_type(++t0, last, db);
4378                         if (t1 != t0)
4379                         {
4380                             if (db.names.size() < 2)
4381                                 return first;
4382                             auto left = db.names.back().move_full();
4383                             db.names.pop_back();
4384                             db.names.back().first = "construction vtable for " +
4385                                                     std::move(left) + "-in-" +
4386                                                     db.names.back().move_full();
4387                             first = t1;
4388                         }
4389                     }
4390                 }
4391                 break;
4392             default:
4393                 // T <call-offset> <base encoding>
4394                 {
4395                 const char* t0 = parse_call_offset(first+1, last);
4396                 if (t0 == first+1)
4397                     break;
4398                 t = parse_encoding(t0, last, db);
4399                 if (t != t0)
4400                 {
4401                     if (db.names.empty())
4402                         return first;
4403                     if (first[2] == 'v')
4404                     {
4405                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "virtual thunk to ");
4406                         first = t;
4407                     }
4408                     else
4409                     {
4410                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "non-virtual thunk to ");
4411                         first = t;
4412                     }
4413                 }
4414                 }
4415                 break;
4416             }
4417             break;
4418         case 'G':
4419             switch (first[1])
4420             {
4421             case 'V':
4422                 // GV <object name> # Guard variable for one-time initialization
4423                 t = parse_name(first+2, last, db);
4424                 if (t != first+2)
4425                 {
4426                     if (db.names.empty())
4427                         return first;
4428                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "guard variable for ");
4429                     first = t;
4430                 }
4431                 break;
4432             case 'R':
4433                 // extension ::= GR <object name> # reference temporary for object
4434                 t = parse_name(first+2, last, db);
4435                 if (t != first+2)
4436                 {
4437                     if (db.names.empty())
4438                         return first;
4439                     db.names.back().first.insert(0, "reference temporary for ");
4440                     first = t;
4441                 }
4442                 break;
4443             }
4444             break;
4445         }
4446     }
4447     return first;
4448 }
4449 
4450 template <class T>
4451 class save_value
4452 {
4453     T& restore_;
4454     T original_value_;
4455 public:
4456     save_value(T& restore)
4457         : restore_(restore),
4458           original_value_(restore)
4459         {}
4460 
4461     ~save_value()
4462     {
4463         restore_ = std::move(original_value_);
4464     }
4465 
4466     save_value(const save_value&) = delete;
4467     save_value& operator=(const save_value&) = delete;
4468 };
4469 
4470 // <encoding> ::= <function name> <bare-function-type>
4471 //            ::= <data name>
4472 //            ::= <special-name>
4473 
4474 template <class C>
4475 const char*
4476 parse_encoding(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4477 {
4478     if (first != last)
4479     {
4480         save_value<decltype(db.encoding_depth)> su(db.encoding_depth);
4481         ++db.encoding_depth;
4482         save_value<decltype(db.tag_templates)> sb(db.tag_templates);
4483         if (db.encoding_depth > 1)
4484             db.tag_templates = true;
4485         switch (*first)
4486         {
4487         case 'G':
4488         case 'T':
4489             first = parse_special_name(first, last, db);
4490             break;
4491         default:
4492           {
4493             const char* t = parse_name(first, last, db);
4494             unsigned cv = db.cv;
4495             unsigned ref = db.ref;
4496             if (t != first)
4497             {
4498                 if (t != last && *t != 'E' && *t != '.')
4499                 {
4500                     save_value<bool> sb2(db.tag_templates);
4501                     db.tag_templates = false;
4502                     const char* t2;
4503                     typename C::String ret2;
4504                     if (db.names.empty())
4505                         return first;
4506                     const typename C::String& nm = db.names.back().first;
4507                     if (nm.empty())
4508                         return first;
4509                     if (!db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv && nm.back() == '>' && nm[nm.size()-2] != '-'
4510                                                                     && nm[nm.size()-2] != '>')
4511                     {
4512                         t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
4513                         if (t2 == t)
4514                             return first;
4515                         if (db.names.size() < 2)
4516                             return first;
4517                         auto ret1 = std::move(db.names.back().first);
4518                         ret2 = std::move(db.names.back().second);
4519                         if (ret2.empty())
4520                             ret1 += ' ';
4521                         db.names.pop_back();
4522                         db.names.back().first.insert(0, ret1);
4523                         t = t2;
4524                     }
4525                     db.names.back().first += '(';
4526                     if (t != last && *t == 'v')
4527                     {
4528                         ++t;
4529                     }
4530                     else
4531                     {
4532                         bool first_arg = true;
4533                         while (true)
4534                         {
4535                             size_t k0 = db.names.size();
4536                             t2 = parse_type(t, last, db);
4537                             size_t k1 = db.names.size();
4538                             if (t2 == t)
4539                                 break;
4540                             if (k1 > k0)
4541                             {
4542                                 typename C::String tmp;
4543                                 for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
4544                                 {
4545                                     if (!tmp.empty())
4546                                         tmp += ", ";
4547                                     tmp += db.names[k].move_full();
4548                                 }
4549                                 for (size_t k = k0; k < k1; ++k)
4550                                     db.names.pop_back();
4551                                 if (!tmp.empty())
4552                                 {
4553                                     if (db.names.empty())
4554                                         return first;
4555                                     if (!first_arg)
4556                                         db.names.back().first += ", ";
4557                                     else
4558                                         first_arg = false;
4559                                     db.names.back().first += tmp;
4560                                 }
4561                             }
4562                             t = t2;
4563                         }
4564                     }
4565                     if (db.names.empty())
4566                         return first;
4567                     db.names.back().first += ')';
4568                     if (cv & 1)
4569                         db.names.back().first.append(" const");
4570                     if (cv & 2)
4571                         db.names.back().first.append(" volatile");
4572                     if (cv & 4)
4573                         db.names.back().first.append(" restrict");
4574                     if (ref == 1)
4575                         db.names.back().first.append(" &");
4576                     else if (ref == 2)
4577                         db.names.back().first.append(" &&");
4578                     db.names.back().first += ret2;
4579                     first = t;
4580                 }
4581                 else
4582                     first = t;
4583             }
4584             break;
4585           }
4586         }
4587     }
4588     return first;
4589 }
4590 
4591 // _block_invoke
4592 // _block_invoke<decimal-digit>+
4593 // _block_invoke_<decimal-digit>+
4594 
4595 template <class C>
4596 const char*
4597 parse_block_invoke(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4598 {
4599     if (last - first >= 13)
4600     {
4601         const char test[] = "_block_invoke";
4602         const char* t = first;
4603         for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i, ++t)
4604         {
4605             if (*t != test[i])
4606                 return first;
4607         }
4608         if (t != last)
4609         {
4610             if (*t == '_')
4611             {
4612                 // must have at least 1 decimal digit
4613                 if (++t == last || !std::isdigit(*t))
4614                     return first;
4615                 ++t;
4616             }
4617             // parse zero or more digits
4618             while (t != last && isdigit(*t))
4619                 ++t;
4620         }
4621         if (db.names.empty())
4622             return first;
4623         db.names.back().first.insert(0, "invocation function for block in ");
4624         first = t;
4625     }
4626     return first;
4627 }
4628 
4629 // extension
4630 // <dot-suffix> := .<anything and everything>
4631 
4632 template <class C>
4633 const char*
4634 parse_dot_suffix(const char* first, const char* last, C& db)
4635 {
4636     if (first != last && *first == '.')
4637     {
4638         if (db.names.empty())
4639             return first;
4640         db.names.back().first += " (" + typename C::String(first, last) + ")";
4641         first = last;
4642     }
4643     return first;
4644 }
4645 
4646 // <block-involcaton-function> ___Z<encoding>_block_invoke
4647 // <block-involcaton-function> ___Z<encoding>_block_invoke<decimal-digit>+
4648 // <block-involcaton-function> ___Z<encoding>_block_invoke_<decimal-digit>+
4649 // <mangled-name> ::= _Z<encoding>
4650 //                ::= <type>
4651 
4652 template <class C>
4653 void
4654 demangle(const char* first, const char* last, C& db, int& status)
4655 {
4656     if (first >= last)
4657     {
4658         status = invalid_mangled_name;
4659         return;
4660     }
4661     if (*first == '_')
4662     {
4663         if (last - first >= 4)
4664         {
4665             if (first[1] == 'Z')
4666             {
4667                 const char* t = parse_encoding(first+2, last, db);
4668                 if (t != first+2 && t != last && *t == '.')
4669                     t = parse_dot_suffix(t, last, db);
4670                 if (t != last)
4671                     status = invalid_mangled_name;
4672             }
4673             else if (first[1] == '_' && first[2] == '_' && first[3] == 'Z')
4674             {
4675                 const char* t = parse_encoding(first+4, last, db);
4676                 if (t != first+4 && t != last)
4677                 {
4678                     const char* t1 = parse_block_invoke(t, last, db);
4679                     if (t1 != last)
4680                         status = invalid_mangled_name;
4681                 }
4682                 else
4683                     status = invalid_mangled_name;
4684             }
4685             else
4686                 status = invalid_mangled_name;
4687         }
4688         else
4689             status = invalid_mangled_name;
4690     }
4691     else
4692     {
4693         const char* t = parse_type(first, last, db);
4694         if (t != last)
4695             status = invalid_mangled_name;
4696     }
4697     if (status == success && db.names.empty())
4698         status = invalid_mangled_name;
4699 }
4700 
4701 template <std::size_t N>
4702 class arena
4703 {
4704     static const std::size_t alignment = 16;
4705     alignas(alignment) char buf_[N];
4706     char* ptr_;
4707 
4708     std::size_t
4709     align_up(std::size_t n) noexcept
4710         {return n + (alignment-1) & ~(alignment-1);}
4711 
4712     bool
4713     pointer_in_buffer(char* p) noexcept
4714         {return buf_ <= p && p <= buf_ + N;}
4715 
4716 public:
4717     arena() noexcept : ptr_(buf_) {}
4718     ~arena() {ptr_ = nullptr;}
4719     arena(const arena&) = delete;
4720     arena& operator=(const arena&) = delete;
4721 
4722     char* allocate(std::size_t n);
4723     void deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept;
4724 
4725     static constexpr std::size_t size() {return N;}
4726     std::size_t used() const {return static_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_ - buf_);}
4727     void reset() {ptr_ = buf_;}
4728 };
4729 
4730 template <std::size_t N>
4731 char*
4732 arena<N>::allocate(std::size_t n)
4733 {
4734     n = align_up(n);
4735     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(buf_ + N - ptr_) >= n)
4736     {
4737         char* r = ptr_;
4738         ptr_ += n;
4739         return r;
4740     }
4741     return static_cast<char*>(std::malloc(n));
4742 }
4743 
4744 template <std::size_t N>
4745 void
4746 arena<N>::deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
4747 {
4748     if (pointer_in_buffer(p))
4749     {
4750         n = align_up(n);
4751         if (p + n == ptr_)
4752             ptr_ = p;
4753     }
4754     else
4755         std::free(p);
4756 }
4757 
4758 template <class T, std::size_t N>
4759 class short_alloc
4760 {
4761     arena<N>& a_;
4762 public:
4763     typedef T value_type;
4764 
4765 public:
4766     template <class _Up> struct rebind {typedef short_alloc<_Up, N> other;};
4767 
4768     short_alloc(arena<N>& a) noexcept : a_(a) {}
4769     template <class U>
4770         short_alloc(const short_alloc<U, N>& a) noexcept
4771             : a_(a.a_) {}
4772     short_alloc(const short_alloc&) = default;
4773     short_alloc& operator=(const short_alloc&) = delete;
4774 
4775     T* allocate(std::size_t n)
4776     {
4777         return reinterpret_cast<T*>(a_.allocate(n*sizeof(T)));
4778     }
4779     void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
4780     {
4781         a_.deallocate(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p), n*sizeof(T));
4782     }
4783 
4784     template <class T1, std::size_t N1, class U, std::size_t M>
4785     friend
4786     bool
4787     operator==(const short_alloc<T1, N1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept;
4788 
4789     template <class U, std::size_t M> friend class short_alloc;
4790 };
4791 
4792 template <class T, std::size_t N, class U, std::size_t M>
4793 inline
4794 bool
4795 operator==(const short_alloc<T, N>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept
4796 {
4797     return N == M && &x.a_ == &y.a_;
4798 }
4799 
4800 template <class T, std::size_t N, class U, std::size_t M>
4801 inline
4802 bool
4803 operator!=(const short_alloc<T, N>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept
4804 {
4805     return !(x == y);
4806 }
4807 
4808 template <class T>
4809 class malloc_alloc
4810 {
4811 public:
4812     typedef T value_type;
4813 
4814     malloc_alloc() = default;
4815     template <class U> malloc_alloc(const malloc_alloc<U>&) noexcept {}
4816 
4817     T* allocate(std::size_t n)
4818     {
4819         return static_cast<T*>(std::malloc(n*sizeof(T)));
4820     }
4821     void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t) noexcept
4822     {
4823         std::free(p);
4824     }
4825 };
4826 
4827 template <class T, class U>
4828 inline
4829 bool
4830 operator==(const malloc_alloc<T>&, const malloc_alloc<U>&) noexcept
4831 {
4832     return true;
4833 }
4834 
4835 template <class T, class U>
4836 inline
4837 bool
4838 operator!=(const malloc_alloc<T>& x, const malloc_alloc<U>& y) noexcept
4839 {
4840     return !(x == y);
4841 }
4842 
4843 const size_t bs = 4 * 1024;
4844 template <class T> using Alloc = short_alloc<T, bs>;
4845 template <class T> using Vector = std::vector<T, Alloc<T>>;
4846 using String = std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, malloc_alloc<char>>;
4847 
4848 struct string_pair
4849 {
4850     String first;
4851     String second;
4852 
4853     string_pair() = default;
4854     string_pair(String f) : first(std::move(f)) {}
4855     string_pair(String f, String s)
4856         : first(std::move(f)), second(std::move(s)) {}
4857     template <size_t N>
4858         string_pair(const char (&s)[N]) : first(s, N-1) {}
4859 
4860     size_t size() const {return first.size() + second.size();}
4861     String full() const {return first + second;}
4862     String move_full() {return std::move(first) + std::move(second);}
4863 };
4864 
4865 struct Db
4866 {
4867     typedef String String;
4868     typedef Vector<string_pair> sub_type;
4869     typedef Vector<sub_type> template_param_type;
4870     Vector<string_pair> names;
4871     Vector<sub_type> subs;
4872     Vector<template_param_type> template_param;
4873     unsigned cv;
4874     unsigned ref;
4875     unsigned encoding_depth;
4876     bool parsed_ctor_dtor_cv;
4877     bool tag_templates;
4878     bool fix_forward_references;
4879     bool try_to_parse_template_args;
4880 
4881     template <size_t N>
4882     Db(arena<N>& ar) :
4883         names(ar),
4884         subs(0, names, ar),
4885         template_param(0, subs, ar)
4886     {}
4887 };
4888 
4889 char*
4890 __cxa_demangle(const char* mangled_name, char* buf, size_t* n, int* status)
4891 {
4892     if (mangled_name == nullptr || (buf != nullptr && n == nullptr))
4893     {
4894         if (status)
4895             *status = invalid_args;
4896         return nullptr;
4897     }
4898     size_t internal_size = buf != nullptr ? *n : 0;
4899     arena<bs> a;
4900     Db db(a);
4901     db.cv = 0;
4902     db.ref = 0;
4903     db.encoding_depth = 0;
4904     db.parsed_ctor_dtor_cv = false;
4905     db.tag_templates = true;
4906     db.template_param.emplace_back(a);
4907     db.fix_forward_references = false;
4908     db.try_to_parse_template_args = true;
4909     int internal_status = success;
4910     size_t len = std::strlen(mangled_name);
4911     demangle(mangled_name, mangled_name + len, db,
4912              internal_status);
4913     if (internal_status == success && db.fix_forward_references &&
4914            !db.template_param.empty() && !db.template_param.front().empty())
4915     {
4916         db.fix_forward_references = false;
4917         db.tag_templates = false;
4918         db.names.clear();
4919         db.subs.clear();
4920         demangle(mangled_name, mangled_name + len, db, internal_status);
4921         if (db.fix_forward_references)
4922             internal_status = invalid_mangled_name;
4923     }
4924     if (internal_status == success)
4925     {
4926         size_t sz = db.names.back().size() + 1;
4927         if (sz > internal_size)
4928         {
4929             char* newbuf = static_cast<char*>(std::realloc(buf, sz));
4930             if (newbuf == nullptr)
4931             {
4932                 internal_status = memory_alloc_failure;
4933                 buf = nullptr;
4934             }
4935             else
4936             {
4937                 buf = newbuf;
4938                 if (n != nullptr)
4939                     *n = sz;
4940             }
4941         }
4942         if (buf != nullptr)
4943         {
4944             db.names.back().first += db.names.back().second;
4945             std::memcpy(buf, db.names.back().first.data(), sz-1);
4946             buf[sz-1] = char(0);
4947         }
4948     }
4949     else
4950         buf = nullptr;
4951     if (status)
4952         *status = internal_status;
4953     return buf;
4954 }
4955 
4956 }
4957 #endif
4958 
4959 
4960 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
4961 
4962 #include "lldb/Core/ConstString.h"
4963 #include "lldb/Core/Mangled.h"
4964 #include "lldb/Core/RegularExpression.h"
4965 #include "lldb/Core/Stream.h"
4966 #include "lldb/Core/Timer.h"
4967 #include <ctype.h>
4968 #include <string.h>
4969 #include <stdlib.h>
4970 
4971 using namespace lldb_private;
4972 
4973 static inline bool
4974 cstring_is_mangled (const char *s)
4975 {
4976     if (s)
4977         return s[0] == '_' && s[1] == 'Z';
4978     return false;
4979 }
4980 
4981 #pragma mark Mangled
4982 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
4983 // Default constructor
4984 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
4985 Mangled::Mangled () :
4986     m_mangled(),
4987     m_demangled()
4988 {
4989 }
4990 
4991 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
4992 // Constructor with an optional string and a boolean indicating if it is
4993 // the mangled version.
4994 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
4995 Mangled::Mangled (const ConstString &s, bool mangled) :
4996     m_mangled(),
4997     m_demangled()
4998 {
4999     if (s)
5000         SetValue(s, mangled);
5001 }
5002 
5003 Mangled::Mangled (const ConstString &s) :
5004     m_mangled(),
5005     m_demangled()
5006 {
5007     if (s)
5008         SetValue(s);
5009 }
5010 
5011 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5012 // Destructor
5013 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5014 Mangled::~Mangled ()
5015 {
5016 }
5017 
5018 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5019 // Convert to pointer operator. This allows code to check any Mangled
5020 // objects to see if they contain anything valid using code such as:
5021 //
5022 //  Mangled mangled(...);
5023 //  if (mangled)
5024 //  { ...
5025 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5026 Mangled::operator void* () const
5027 {
5028     return (m_mangled) ? const_cast<Mangled*>(this) : NULL;
5029 }
5030 
5031 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5032 // Logical NOT operator. This allows code to check any Mangled
5033 // objects to see if they are invalid using code such as:
5034 //
5035 //  Mangled mangled(...);
5036 //  if (!file_spec)
5037 //  { ...
5038 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5039 bool
5040 Mangled::operator! () const
5041 {
5042     return !m_mangled;
5043 }
5044 
5045 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5046 // Clear the mangled and demangled values.
5047 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5048 void
5049 Mangled::Clear ()
5050 {
5051     m_mangled.Clear();
5052     m_demangled.Clear();
5053 }
5054 
5055 
5056 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5057 // Compare the the string values.
5058 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5059 int
5060 Mangled::Compare (const Mangled& a, const Mangled& b)
5061 {
5062     return ConstString::Compare(a.GetName(ePreferMangled), a.GetName(ePreferMangled));
5063 }
5064 
5065 
5066 
5067 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5068 // Set the string value in this objects. If "mangled" is true, then
5069 // the mangled named is set with the new value in "s", else the
5070 // demangled name is set.
5071 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5072 void
5073 Mangled::SetValue (const ConstString &s, bool mangled)
5074 {
5075     if (s)
5076     {
5077         if (mangled)
5078         {
5079             m_demangled.Clear();
5080             m_mangled = s;
5081         }
5082         else
5083         {
5084             m_demangled = s;
5085             m_mangled.Clear();
5086         }
5087     }
5088     else
5089     {
5090         m_demangled.Clear();
5091         m_mangled.Clear();
5092     }
5093 }
5094 
5095 void
5096 Mangled::SetValue (const ConstString &name)
5097 {
5098     if (name)
5099     {
5100         if (cstring_is_mangled(name.GetCString()))
5101         {
5102             m_demangled.Clear();
5103             m_mangled = name;
5104         }
5105         else
5106         {
5107             m_demangled = name;
5108             m_mangled.Clear();
5109         }
5110     }
5111     else
5112     {
5113         m_demangled.Clear();
5114         m_mangled.Clear();
5115     }
5116 }
5117 
5118 
5119 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5120 // Generate the demangled name on demand using this accessor. Code in
5121 // this class will need to use this accessor if it wishes to decode
5122 // the demangled name. The result is cached and will be kept until a
5123 // new string value is supplied to this object, or until the end of the
5124 // object's lifetime.
5125 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5126 const ConstString&
5127 Mangled::GetDemangledName () const
5128 {
5129     // Check to make sure we have a valid mangled name and that we
5130     // haven't already decoded our mangled name.
5131     if (m_mangled && !m_demangled)
5132     {
5133         // We need to generate and cache the demangled name.
5134         Timer scoped_timer (__PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
5135                             "Mangled::GetDemangledName (m_mangled = %s)",
5136                             m_mangled.GetCString());
5137 
5138         // Don't bother running anything that isn't mangled
5139         const char *mangled_cstr = m_mangled.GetCString();
5140         if (cstring_is_mangled(mangled_cstr))
5141         {
5142             if (!m_mangled.GetMangledCounterpart(m_demangled))
5143             {
5144                 // We didn't already mangle this name, demangle it and if all goes well
5145                 // add it to our map.
5146 #ifdef LLDB_USE_BUILTIN_DEMANGLER
5147                 char *demangled_name = __cxa_demangle (mangled_cstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
5148 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
5149                 // Cannot demangle on msvc.
5150                 char *demangled_name = nullptr;
5151 #else
5152                 char *demangled_name = abi::__cxa_demangle (mangled_cstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
5153 #endif
5154 
5155                 if (demangled_name)
5156                 {
5157                     m_demangled.SetCStringWithMangledCounterpart(demangled_name, m_mangled);
5158                     free (demangled_name);
5159                 }
5160             }
5161         }
5162         if (!m_demangled)
5163         {
5164             // Set the demangled string to the empty string to indicate we
5165             // tried to parse it once and failed.
5166             m_demangled.SetCString("");
5167         }
5168     }
5169 
5170     return m_demangled;
5171 }
5172 
5173 
5174 bool
5175 Mangled::NameMatches (const RegularExpression& regex) const
5176 {
5177     if (m_mangled && regex.Execute (m_mangled.AsCString()))
5178         return true;
5179 
5180     if (GetDemangledName() && regex.Execute (m_demangled.AsCString()))
5181         return true;
5182     return false;
5183 }
5184 
5185 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5186 // Get the demangled name if there is one, else return the mangled name.
5187 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5188 const ConstString&
5189 Mangled::GetName (Mangled::NamePreference preference) const
5190 {
5191     if (preference == ePreferDemangled)
5192     {
5193         // Call the accessor to make sure we get a demangled name in case
5194         // it hasn't been demangled yet...
5195         if (GetDemangledName())
5196             return m_demangled;
5197         return m_mangled;
5198     }
5199     else
5200     {
5201         if (m_mangled)
5202             return m_mangled;
5203         return GetDemangledName();
5204     }
5205 }
5206 
5207 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5208 // Dump a Mangled object to stream "s". We don't force our
5209 // demangled name to be computed currently (we don't use the accessor).
5210 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5211 void
5212 Mangled::Dump (Stream *s) const
5213 {
5214     if (m_mangled)
5215     {
5216         *s << ", mangled = " << m_mangled;
5217     }
5218     if (m_demangled)
5219     {
5220         const char * demangled = m_demangled.AsCString();
5221         s->Printf(", demangled = %s", demangled[0] ? demangled : "<error>");
5222     }
5223 }
5224 
5225 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5226 // Dumps a debug version of this string with extra object and state
5227 // information to stream "s".
5228 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5229 void
5230 Mangled::DumpDebug (Stream *s) const
5231 {
5232     s->Printf("%*p: Mangled mangled = ", (int)sizeof(void*) * 2, this);
5233     m_mangled.DumpDebug(s);
5234     s->Printf(", demangled = ");
5235     m_demangled.DumpDebug(s);
5236 }
5237 
5238 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5239 // Return the size in byte that this object takes in memory. The size
5240 // includes the size of the objects it owns, and not the strings that
5241 // it references because they are shared strings.
5242 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5243 size_t
5244 Mangled::MemorySize () const
5245 {
5246     return m_mangled.MemorySize() + m_demangled.MemorySize();
5247 }
5248 
5249 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5250 // Dump OBJ to the supplied stream S.
5251 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
5252 Stream&
5253 operator << (Stream& s, const Mangled& obj)
5254 {
5255     if (obj.GetMangledName())
5256         s << "mangled = '" << obj.GetMangledName() << "'";
5257 
5258     const ConstString& demangled = obj.GetDemangledName();
5259     if (demangled)
5260         s << ", demangled = '" << demangled << '\'';
5261     else
5262         s << ", demangled = <error>";
5263     return s;
5264 }
5265