1 //===-- CommandObjectMemory.cpp -------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "CommandObjectMemory.h"
10 #include "lldb/Core/DumpDataExtractor.h"
11 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h"
12 #include "lldb/Core/ValueObjectMemory.h"
13 #include "lldb/Expression/ExpressionVariable.h"
14 #include "lldb/Host/OptionParser.h"
15 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandReturnObject.h"
16 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionArgParser.h"
17 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupFormat.h"
18 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupOutputFile.h"
19 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay.h"
20 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueLanguage.h"
21 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueString.h"
22 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Options.h"
23 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolFile.h"
24 #include "lldb/Symbol/TypeList.h"
25 #include "lldb/Target/Language.h"
26 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryHistory.h"
27 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryRegionInfo.h"
28 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
29 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
30 #include "lldb/Target/Target.h"
31 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
32 #include "lldb/Utility/Args.h"
33 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferHeap.h"
34 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferLLVM.h"
35 #include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
36 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
37 #include <cinttypes>
38 #include <memory>
39 
40 using namespace lldb;
41 using namespace lldb_private;
42 
43 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_read
44 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
45 
46 class OptionGroupReadMemory : public OptionGroup {
47 public:
48   OptionGroupReadMemory()
49       : m_num_per_line(1, 1), m_output_as_binary(false), m_view_as_type(),
50         m_offset(0, 0), m_language_for_type(eLanguageTypeUnknown) {}
51 
52   ~OptionGroupReadMemory() override = default;
53 
54   llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
55     return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_read_options);
56   }
57 
58   Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
59                         ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
60     Status error;
61     const int short_option = g_memory_read_options[option_idx].short_option;
62 
63     switch (short_option) {
64     case 'l':
65       error = m_num_per_line.SetValueFromString(option_value);
66       if (m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue() == 0)
67         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
68             "invalid value for --num-per-line option '%s'",
69             option_value.str().c_str());
70       break;
71 
72     case 'b':
73       m_output_as_binary = true;
74       break;
75 
76     case 't':
77       error = m_view_as_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
78       break;
79 
80     case 'r':
81       m_force = true;
82       break;
83 
84     case 'x':
85       error = m_language_for_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
86       break;
87 
88     case 'E':
89       error = m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value);
90       break;
91 
92     default:
93       llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
94     }
95     return error;
96   }
97 
98   void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
99     m_num_per_line.Clear();
100     m_output_as_binary = false;
101     m_view_as_type.Clear();
102     m_force = false;
103     m_offset.Clear();
104     m_language_for_type.Clear();
105   }
106 
107   Status FinalizeSettings(Target *target, OptionGroupFormat &format_options) {
108     Status error;
109     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
110     OptionValueUInt64 &count_value = format_options.GetCountValue();
111     const bool byte_size_option_set = byte_size_value.OptionWasSet();
112     const bool num_per_line_option_set = m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet();
113     const bool count_option_set = format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet();
114 
115     switch (format_options.GetFormat()) {
116     default:
117       break;
118 
119     case eFormatBoolean:
120       if (!byte_size_option_set)
121         byte_size_value = 1;
122       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
123         m_num_per_line = 1;
124       if (!count_option_set)
125         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
126       break;
127 
128     case eFormatCString:
129       break;
130 
131     case eFormatInstruction:
132       if (count_option_set)
133         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetMaximumOpcodeByteSize();
134       m_num_per_line = 1;
135       break;
136 
137     case eFormatAddressInfo:
138       if (!byte_size_option_set)
139         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
140       m_num_per_line = 1;
141       if (!count_option_set)
142         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
143       break;
144 
145     case eFormatPointer:
146       byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
147       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
148         m_num_per_line = 4;
149       if (!count_option_set)
150         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
151       break;
152 
153     case eFormatBinary:
154     case eFormatFloat:
155     case eFormatOctal:
156     case eFormatDecimal:
157     case eFormatEnum:
158     case eFormatUnicode8:
159     case eFormatUnicode16:
160     case eFormatUnicode32:
161     case eFormatUnsigned:
162     case eFormatHexFloat:
163       if (!byte_size_option_set)
164         byte_size_value = 4;
165       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
166         m_num_per_line = 1;
167       if (!count_option_set)
168         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
169       break;
170 
171     case eFormatBytes:
172     case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
173       if (byte_size_option_set) {
174         if (byte_size_value > 1)
175           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
176               "display format (bytes/bytes with ASCII) conflicts with the "
177               "specified byte size %" PRIu64 "\n"
178               "\tconsider using a different display format or don't specify "
179               "the byte size.",
180               byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue());
181       } else
182         byte_size_value = 1;
183       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
184         m_num_per_line = 16;
185       if (!count_option_set)
186         format_options.GetCountValue() = 32;
187       break;
188 
189     case eFormatCharArray:
190     case eFormatChar:
191     case eFormatCharPrintable:
192       if (!byte_size_option_set)
193         byte_size_value = 1;
194       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
195         m_num_per_line = 32;
196       if (!count_option_set)
197         format_options.GetCountValue() = 64;
198       break;
199 
200     case eFormatComplex:
201       if (!byte_size_option_set)
202         byte_size_value = 8;
203       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
204         m_num_per_line = 1;
205       if (!count_option_set)
206         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
207       break;
208 
209     case eFormatComplexInteger:
210       if (!byte_size_option_set)
211         byte_size_value = 8;
212       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
213         m_num_per_line = 1;
214       if (!count_option_set)
215         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
216       break;
217 
218     case eFormatHex:
219       if (!byte_size_option_set)
220         byte_size_value = 4;
221       if (!num_per_line_option_set) {
222         switch (byte_size_value) {
223         case 1:
224         case 2:
225           m_num_per_line = 8;
226           break;
227         case 4:
228           m_num_per_line = 4;
229           break;
230         case 8:
231           m_num_per_line = 2;
232           break;
233         default:
234           m_num_per_line = 1;
235           break;
236         }
237       }
238       if (!count_option_set)
239         count_value = 8;
240       break;
241 
242     case eFormatVectorOfChar:
243     case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
244     case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
245     case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
246     case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
247     case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
248     case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
249     case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
250     case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
251     case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
252     case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
253     case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
254     case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
255       if (!byte_size_option_set)
256         byte_size_value = 128;
257       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
258         m_num_per_line = 1;
259       if (!count_option_set)
260         count_value = 4;
261       break;
262     }
263     return error;
264   }
265 
266   bool AnyOptionWasSet() const {
267     return m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet() || m_output_as_binary ||
268            m_view_as_type.OptionWasSet() || m_offset.OptionWasSet() ||
269            m_language_for_type.OptionWasSet();
270   }
271 
272   OptionValueUInt64 m_num_per_line;
273   bool m_output_as_binary;
274   OptionValueString m_view_as_type;
275   bool m_force;
276   OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
277   OptionValueLanguage m_language_for_type;
278 };
279 
280 // Read memory from the inferior process
281 class CommandObjectMemoryRead : public CommandObjectParsed {
282 public:
283   CommandObjectMemoryRead(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
284       : CommandObjectParsed(
285             interpreter, "memory read",
286             "Read from the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
287             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandProcessMustBePaused),
288         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
289         m_memory_options(), m_outfile_options(), m_varobj_options(),
290         m_next_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_prev_byte_size(0),
291         m_prev_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
292         m_prev_memory_options(), m_prev_outfile_options(),
293         m_prev_varobj_options() {
294     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
295     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
296     CommandArgumentData start_addr_arg;
297     CommandArgumentData end_addr_arg;
298 
299     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
300     start_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
301     start_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
302 
303     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
304     // argument entry.
305     arg1.push_back(start_addr_arg);
306 
307     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
308     end_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
309     end_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatOptional;
310 
311     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
312     // argument entry.
313     arg2.push_back(end_addr_arg);
314 
315     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
316     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
317     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
318 
319     // Add the "--format" and "--count" options to group 1 and 3
320     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
321                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT |
322                               OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_COUNT,
323                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
324     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
325                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_GDB_FMT,
326                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
327     // Add the "--size" option to group 1 and 2
328     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
329                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
330                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
331     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
332     m_option_group.Append(&m_outfile_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL,
333                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
334     m_option_group.Append(&m_varobj_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
335     m_option_group.Finalize();
336   }
337 
338   ~CommandObjectMemoryRead() override = default;
339 
340   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
341 
342   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
343                                uint32_t index) override {
344     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
345   }
346 
347 protected:
348   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
349     // No need to check "target" for validity as eCommandRequiresTarget ensures
350     // it is valid
351     Target *target = m_exe_ctx.GetTargetPtr();
352 
353     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
354 
355     if ((argc == 0 && m_next_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) || argc > 2) {
356       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes a start address expression with "
357                                    "an optional end address expression.\n",
358                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
359       result.AppendWarning("Expressions should be quoted if they contain "
360                            "spaces or other special characters.");
361       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
362       return false;
363     }
364 
365     CompilerType compiler_type;
366     Status error;
367 
368     const char *view_as_type_cstr =
369         m_memory_options.m_view_as_type.GetCurrentValue();
370     if (view_as_type_cstr && view_as_type_cstr[0]) {
371       // We are viewing memory as a type
372 
373       const bool exact_match = false;
374       TypeList type_list;
375       uint32_t reference_count = 0;
376       uint32_t pointer_count = 0;
377       size_t idx;
378 
379 #define ALL_KEYWORDS                                                           \
380   KEYWORD("const")                                                             \
381   KEYWORD("volatile")                                                          \
382   KEYWORD("restrict")                                                          \
383   KEYWORD("struct")                                                            \
384   KEYWORD("class")                                                             \
385   KEYWORD("union")
386 
387 #define KEYWORD(s) s,
388       static const char *g_keywords[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
389 #undef KEYWORD
390 
391 #define KEYWORD(s) (sizeof(s) - 1),
392       static const int g_keyword_lengths[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
393 #undef KEYWORD
394 
395 #undef ALL_KEYWORDS
396 
397       static size_t g_num_keywords = sizeof(g_keywords) / sizeof(const char *);
398       std::string type_str(view_as_type_cstr);
399 
400       // Remove all instances of g_keywords that are followed by spaces
401       for (size_t i = 0; i < g_num_keywords; ++i) {
402         const char *keyword = g_keywords[i];
403         int keyword_len = g_keyword_lengths[i];
404 
405         idx = 0;
406         while ((idx = type_str.find(keyword, idx)) != std::string::npos) {
407           if (type_str[idx + keyword_len] == ' ' ||
408               type_str[idx + keyword_len] == '\t') {
409             type_str.erase(idx, keyword_len + 1);
410             idx = 0;
411           } else {
412             idx += keyword_len;
413           }
414         }
415       }
416       bool done = type_str.empty();
417       //
418       idx = type_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
419       if (idx > 0 && idx != std::string::npos)
420         type_str.erase(0, idx);
421       while (!done) {
422         // Strip trailing spaces
423         if (type_str.empty())
424           done = true;
425         else {
426           switch (type_str[type_str.size() - 1]) {
427           case '*':
428             ++pointer_count;
429             LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
430           case ' ':
431           case '\t':
432             type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
433             break;
434 
435           case '&':
436             if (reference_count == 0) {
437               reference_count = 1;
438               type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
439             } else {
440               result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid type string: '%s'\n",
441                                            view_as_type_cstr);
442               result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
443               return false;
444             }
445             break;
446 
447           default:
448             done = true;
449             break;
450           }
451         }
452       }
453 
454       llvm::DenseSet<lldb_private::SymbolFile *> searched_symbol_files;
455       ConstString lookup_type_name(type_str.c_str());
456       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
457       ModuleSP search_first;
458       if (frame) {
459         search_first = frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextModule).module_sp;
460       }
461       target->GetImages().FindTypes(search_first.get(), lookup_type_name,
462                                     exact_match, 1, searched_symbol_files,
463                                     type_list);
464 
465       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0 && lookup_type_name.GetCString()) {
466         LanguageType language_for_type =
467             m_memory_options.m_language_for_type.GetCurrentValue();
468         std::set<LanguageType> languages_to_check;
469         if (language_for_type != eLanguageTypeUnknown) {
470           languages_to_check.insert(language_for_type);
471         } else {
472           languages_to_check = Language::GetSupportedLanguages();
473         }
474 
475         std::set<CompilerType> user_defined_types;
476         for (auto lang : languages_to_check) {
477           if (auto *persistent_vars =
478                   target->GetPersistentExpressionStateForLanguage(lang)) {
479             if (llvm::Optional<CompilerType> type =
480                     persistent_vars->GetCompilerTypeFromPersistentDecl(
481                         lookup_type_name)) {
482               user_defined_types.emplace(*type);
483             }
484           }
485         }
486 
487         if (user_defined_types.size() > 1) {
488           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
489               "Mutiple types found matching raw type '%s', please disambiguate "
490               "by specifying the language with -x",
491               lookup_type_name.GetCString());
492           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
493           return false;
494         }
495 
496         if (user_defined_types.size() == 1) {
497           compiler_type = *user_defined_types.begin();
498         }
499       }
500 
501       if (!compiler_type.IsValid()) {
502         if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
503           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("unable to find any types that match "
504                                        "the raw type '%s' for full type '%s'\n",
505                                        lookup_type_name.GetCString(),
506                                        view_as_type_cstr);
507           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
508           return false;
509         } else {
510           TypeSP type_sp(type_list.GetTypeAtIndex(0));
511           compiler_type = type_sp->GetFullCompilerType();
512         }
513       }
514 
515       while (pointer_count > 0) {
516         CompilerType pointer_type = compiler_type.GetPointerType();
517         if (pointer_type.IsValid())
518           compiler_type = pointer_type;
519         else {
520           result.AppendError("unable make a pointer type\n");
521           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
522           return false;
523         }
524         --pointer_count;
525       }
526 
527       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = compiler_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
528       if (!size) {
529         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
530             "unable to get the byte size of the type '%s'\n",
531             view_as_type_cstr);
532         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
533         return false;
534       }
535       m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() = *size;
536 
537       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
538         m_format_options.GetCountValue() = 1;
539     } else {
540       error = m_memory_options.FinalizeSettings(target, m_format_options);
541     }
542 
543     // Look for invalid combinations of settings
544     if (error.Fail()) {
545       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
546       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
547       return false;
548     }
549 
550     lldb::addr_t addr;
551     size_t total_byte_size = 0;
552     if (argc == 0) {
553       // Use the last address and byte size and all options as they were if no
554       // options have been set
555       addr = m_next_addr;
556       total_byte_size = m_prev_byte_size;
557       compiler_type = m_prev_compiler_type;
558       if (!m_format_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
559           !m_memory_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
560           !m_outfile_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
561           !m_varobj_options.AnyOptionWasSet()) {
562         m_format_options = m_prev_format_options;
563         m_memory_options = m_prev_memory_options;
564         m_outfile_options = m_prev_outfile_options;
565         m_varobj_options = m_prev_varobj_options;
566       }
567     }
568 
569     size_t item_count = m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
570 
571     // TODO For non-8-bit byte addressable architectures this needs to be
572     // revisited to fully support all lldb's range of formatting options.
573     // Furthermore code memory reads (for those architectures) will not be
574     // correctly formatted even w/o formatting options.
575     size_t item_byte_size =
576         target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize() > 1
577             ? target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize()
578             : m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
579 
580     const size_t num_per_line =
581         m_memory_options.m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue();
582 
583     if (total_byte_size == 0) {
584       total_byte_size = item_count * item_byte_size;
585       if (total_byte_size == 0)
586         total_byte_size = 32;
587     }
588 
589     if (argc > 0)
590       addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(),
591                                         LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
592 
593     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
594       result.AppendError("invalid start address expression.");
595       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
596       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
597       return false;
598     }
599 
600     if (argc == 2) {
601       lldb::addr_t end_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
602           &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, nullptr);
603       if (end_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
604         result.AppendError("invalid end address expression.");
605         result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
606         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
607         return false;
608       } else if (end_addr <= addr) {
609         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
610             "end address (0x%" PRIx64
611             ") must be greater than the start address (0x%" PRIx64 ").\n",
612             end_addr, addr);
613         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
614         return false;
615       } else if (m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet()) {
616         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
617             "specify either the end address (0x%" PRIx64
618             ") or the count (--count %" PRIu64 "), not both.\n",
619             end_addr, (uint64_t)item_count);
620         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
621         return false;
622       }
623 
624       total_byte_size = end_addr - addr;
625       item_count = total_byte_size / item_byte_size;
626     }
627 
628     uint32_t max_unforced_size = target->GetMaximumMemReadSize();
629 
630     if (total_byte_size > max_unforced_size && !m_memory_options.m_force) {
631       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
632           "Normally, \'memory read\' will not read over %" PRIu32
633           " bytes of data.\n",
634           max_unforced_size);
635       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
636           "Please use --force to override this restriction just once.\n");
637       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("or set target.max-memory-read-size if you "
638                                    "will often need a larger limit.\n");
639       return false;
640     }
641 
642     DataBufferSP data_sp;
643     size_t bytes_read = 0;
644     if (compiler_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
645       // Make sure we don't display our type as ASCII bytes like the default
646       // memory read
647       if (!m_format_options.GetFormatValue().OptionWasSet())
648         m_format_options.GetFormatValue().SetCurrentValue(eFormatDefault);
649 
650       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = compiler_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
651       if (!size) {
652         result.AppendError("can't get size of type");
653         return false;
654       }
655       bytes_read = *size * m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
656 
657       if (argc > 0)
658         addr = addr + (*size * m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue());
659     } else if (m_format_options.GetFormatValue().GetCurrentValue() !=
660                eFormatCString) {
661       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(total_byte_size, '\0');
662       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
663         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
664             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx32
665             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
666             (uint32_t)total_byte_size);
667         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
668         return false;
669       }
670 
671       Address address(addr, nullptr);
672       bytes_read = target->ReadMemory(address, data_sp->GetBytes(),
673                                       data_sp->GetByteSize(), error, true);
674       if (bytes_read == 0) {
675         const char *error_cstr = error.AsCString();
676         if (error_cstr && error_cstr[0]) {
677           result.AppendError(error_cstr);
678         } else {
679           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
680               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
681         }
682         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
683         return false;
684       }
685 
686       if (bytes_read < total_byte_size)
687         result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
688             "Not all bytes (%" PRIu64 "/%" PRIu64
689             ") were able to be read from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n",
690             (uint64_t)bytes_read, (uint64_t)total_byte_size, addr);
691     } else {
692       // we treat c-strings as a special case because they do not have a fixed
693       // size
694       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().OptionWasSet() &&
695           !m_format_options.HasGDBFormat())
696         item_byte_size = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
697       else
698         item_byte_size = target->GetMaximumSizeOfStringSummary();
699       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
700         item_count = 1;
701       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(
702           (item_byte_size + 1) * item_count,
703           '\0'); // account for NULLs as necessary
704       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
705         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
706             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx64
707             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
708             (uint64_t)((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count));
709         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
710         return false;
711       }
712       uint8_t *data_ptr = data_sp->GetBytes();
713       auto data_addr = addr;
714       auto count = item_count;
715       item_count = 0;
716       bool break_on_no_NULL = false;
717       while (item_count < count) {
718         std::string buffer;
719         buffer.resize(item_byte_size + 1, 0);
720         Status error;
721         size_t read = target->ReadCStringFromMemory(data_addr, &buffer[0],
722                                                     item_byte_size + 1, error);
723         if (error.Fail()) {
724           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
725               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
726           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
727           return false;
728         }
729 
730         if (item_byte_size == read) {
731           result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
732               "unable to find a NULL terminated string at 0x%" PRIx64
733               ".Consider increasing the maximum read length.\n",
734               data_addr);
735           --read;
736           break_on_no_NULL = true;
737         } else
738           ++read; // account for final NULL byte
739 
740         memcpy(data_ptr, &buffer[0], read);
741         data_ptr += read;
742         data_addr += read;
743         bytes_read += read;
744         item_count++; // if we break early we know we only read item_count
745                       // strings
746 
747         if (break_on_no_NULL)
748           break;
749       }
750       data_sp =
751           std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read + 1);
752     }
753 
754     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_read;
755     m_prev_byte_size = bytes_read;
756     m_prev_format_options = m_format_options;
757     m_prev_memory_options = m_memory_options;
758     m_prev_outfile_options = m_outfile_options;
759     m_prev_varobj_options = m_varobj_options;
760     m_prev_compiler_type = compiler_type;
761 
762     std::unique_ptr<Stream> output_stream_storage;
763     Stream *output_stream_p = nullptr;
764     const FileSpec &outfile_spec =
765         m_outfile_options.GetFile().GetCurrentValue();
766 
767     std::string path = outfile_spec.GetPath();
768     if (outfile_spec) {
769 
770       File::OpenOptions open_options =
771           File::eOpenOptionWrite | File::eOpenOptionCanCreate;
772       const bool append = m_outfile_options.GetAppend().GetCurrentValue();
773       open_options |=
774           append ? File::eOpenOptionAppend : File::eOpenOptionTruncate;
775 
776       auto outfile = FileSystem::Instance().Open(outfile_spec, open_options);
777 
778       if (outfile) {
779         auto outfile_stream_up =
780             std::make_unique<StreamFile>(std::move(outfile.get()));
781         if (m_memory_options.m_output_as_binary) {
782           const size_t bytes_written =
783               outfile_stream_up->Write(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read);
784           if (bytes_written > 0) {
785             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
786                 "%zi bytes %s to '%s'\n", bytes_written,
787                 append ? "appended" : "written", path.c_str());
788             return true;
789           } else {
790             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to write %" PRIu64
791                                          " bytes to '%s'.\n",
792                                          (uint64_t)bytes_read, path.c_str());
793             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
794             return false;
795           }
796         } else {
797           // We are going to write ASCII to the file just point the
798           // output_stream to our outfile_stream...
799           output_stream_storage = std::move(outfile_stream_up);
800           output_stream_p = output_stream_storage.get();
801         }
802       } else {
803         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to open file '%s' for %s:\n",
804                                      path.c_str(), append ? "append" : "write");
805 
806         result.AppendError(llvm::toString(outfile.takeError()));
807         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
808         return false;
809       }
810     } else {
811       output_stream_p = &result.GetOutputStream();
812     }
813 
814     ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope = m_exe_ctx.GetBestExecutionContextScope();
815     if (compiler_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
816       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < item_count; ++i) {
817         addr_t item_addr = addr + (i * item_byte_size);
818         Address address(item_addr);
819         StreamString name_strm;
820         name_strm.Printf("0x%" PRIx64, item_addr);
821         ValueObjectSP valobj_sp(ValueObjectMemory::Create(
822             exe_scope, name_strm.GetString(), address, compiler_type));
823         if (valobj_sp) {
824           Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
825           if (format != eFormatDefault)
826             valobj_sp->SetFormat(format);
827 
828           DumpValueObjectOptions options(m_varobj_options.GetAsDumpOptions(
829               eLanguageRuntimeDescriptionDisplayVerbosityFull, format));
830 
831           valobj_sp->Dump(*output_stream_p, options);
832         } else {
833           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
834               "failed to create a value object for: (%s) %s\n",
835               view_as_type_cstr, name_strm.GetData());
836           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
837           return false;
838         }
839       }
840       return true;
841     }
842 
843     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
844     DataExtractor data(data_sp, target->GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder(),
845                        target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
846                        target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize());
847 
848     Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
849     if (((format == eFormatChar) || (format == eFormatCharPrintable)) &&
850         (item_byte_size != 1)) {
851       // if a count was not passed, or it is 1
852       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet() || item_count == 1) {
853         // this turns requests such as
854         // memory read -fc -s10 -c1 *charPtrPtr
855         // which make no sense (what is a char of size 10?) into a request for
856         // fetching 10 chars of size 1 from the same memory location
857         format = eFormatCharArray;
858         item_count = item_byte_size;
859         item_byte_size = 1;
860       } else {
861         // here we passed a count, and it was not 1 so we have a byte_size and
862         // a count we could well multiply those, but instead let's just fail
863         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
864             "reading memory as characters of size %" PRIu64 " is not supported",
865             (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
866         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
867         return false;
868       }
869     }
870 
871     assert(output_stream_p);
872     size_t bytes_dumped = DumpDataExtractor(
873         data, output_stream_p, 0, format, item_byte_size, item_count,
874         num_per_line / target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize(), addr, 0, 0,
875         exe_scope);
876     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_dumped;
877     output_stream_p->EOL();
878     return true;
879   }
880 
881   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
882   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
883   OptionGroupReadMemory m_memory_options;
884   OptionGroupOutputFile m_outfile_options;
885   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_varobj_options;
886   lldb::addr_t m_next_addr;
887   lldb::addr_t m_prev_byte_size;
888   OptionGroupFormat m_prev_format_options;
889   OptionGroupReadMemory m_prev_memory_options;
890   OptionGroupOutputFile m_prev_outfile_options;
891   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_prev_varobj_options;
892   CompilerType m_prev_compiler_type;
893 };
894 
895 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_find
896 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
897 
898 // Find the specified data in memory
899 class CommandObjectMemoryFind : public CommandObjectParsed {
900 public:
901   class OptionGroupFindMemory : public OptionGroup {
902   public:
903     OptionGroupFindMemory() : OptionGroup(), m_count(1), m_offset(0) {}
904 
905     ~OptionGroupFindMemory() override = default;
906 
907     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
908       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_find_options);
909     }
910 
911     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
912                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
913       Status error;
914       const int short_option = g_memory_find_options[option_idx].short_option;
915 
916       switch (short_option) {
917       case 'e':
918         m_expr.SetValueFromString(option_value);
919         break;
920 
921       case 's':
922         m_string.SetValueFromString(option_value);
923         break;
924 
925       case 'c':
926         if (m_count.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
927           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for count");
928         break;
929 
930       case 'o':
931         if (m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
932           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for dump-offset");
933         break;
934 
935       default:
936         llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
937       }
938       return error;
939     }
940 
941     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
942       m_expr.Clear();
943       m_string.Clear();
944       m_count.Clear();
945     }
946 
947     OptionValueString m_expr;
948     OptionValueString m_string;
949     OptionValueUInt64 m_count;
950     OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
951   };
952 
953   CommandObjectMemoryFind(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
954       : CommandObjectParsed(
955             interpreter, "memory find",
956             "Find a value in the memory of the current target process.",
957             nullptr, eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
958         m_option_group(), m_memory_options() {
959     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
960     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
961     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
962     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
963 
964     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
965     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
966     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
967 
968     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
969     // argument entry.
970     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
971 
972     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
973     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
974     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
975 
976     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
977     // argument entry.
978     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
979 
980     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
981     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
982     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
983 
984     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
985     m_option_group.Finalize();
986   }
987 
988   ~CommandObjectMemoryFind() override = default;
989 
990   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
991 
992 protected:
993   class ProcessMemoryIterator {
994   public:
995     ProcessMemoryIterator(ProcessSP process_sp, lldb::addr_t base)
996         : m_process_sp(process_sp), m_base_addr(base), m_is_valid(true) {
997       lldbassert(process_sp.get() != nullptr);
998     }
999 
1000     bool IsValid() { return m_is_valid; }
1001 
1002     uint8_t operator[](lldb::addr_t offset) {
1003       if (!IsValid())
1004         return 0;
1005 
1006       uint8_t retval = 0;
1007       Status error;
1008       if (0 ==
1009           m_process_sp->ReadMemory(m_base_addr + offset, &retval, 1, error)) {
1010         m_is_valid = false;
1011         return 0;
1012       }
1013 
1014       return retval;
1015     }
1016 
1017   private:
1018     ProcessSP m_process_sp;
1019     lldb::addr_t m_base_addr;
1020     bool m_is_valid;
1021   };
1022   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1023     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1024     // ensures it is valid
1025     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1026 
1027     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1028 
1029     if (argc != 2) {
1030       result.AppendError("two addresses needed for memory find");
1031       return false;
1032     }
1033 
1034     Status error;
1035     lldb::addr_t low_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1036         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1037     if (low_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1038       result.AppendError("invalid low address");
1039       return false;
1040     }
1041     lldb::addr_t high_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1042         &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1043     if (high_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1044       result.AppendError("invalid high address");
1045       return false;
1046     }
1047 
1048     if (high_addr <= low_addr) {
1049       result.AppendError(
1050           "starting address must be smaller than ending address");
1051       return false;
1052     }
1053 
1054     lldb::addr_t found_location = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1055 
1056     DataBufferHeap buffer;
1057 
1058     if (m_memory_options.m_string.OptionWasSet())
1059       buffer.CopyData(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue());
1060     else if (m_memory_options.m_expr.OptionWasSet()) {
1061       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
1062       ValueObjectSP result_sp;
1063       if ((eExpressionCompleted ==
1064            process->GetTarget().EvaluateExpression(
1065                m_memory_options.m_expr.GetStringValue(), frame, result_sp)) &&
1066           result_sp) {
1067         uint64_t value = result_sp->GetValueAsUnsigned(0);
1068         llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size =
1069             result_sp->GetCompilerType().GetByteSize(nullptr);
1070         if (!size)
1071           return false;
1072         switch (*size) {
1073         case 1: {
1074           uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)value;
1075           buffer.CopyData(&byte, 1);
1076         } break;
1077         case 2: {
1078           uint16_t word = (uint16_t)value;
1079           buffer.CopyData(&word, 2);
1080         } break;
1081         case 4: {
1082           uint32_t lword = (uint32_t)value;
1083           buffer.CopyData(&lword, 4);
1084         } break;
1085         case 8: {
1086           buffer.CopyData(&value, 8);
1087         } break;
1088         case 3:
1089         case 5:
1090         case 6:
1091         case 7:
1092           result.AppendError("unknown type. pass a string instead");
1093           return false;
1094         default:
1095           result.AppendError(
1096               "result size larger than 8 bytes. pass a string instead");
1097           return false;
1098         }
1099       } else {
1100         result.AppendError(
1101             "expression evaluation failed. pass a string instead");
1102         return false;
1103       }
1104     } else {
1105       result.AppendError(
1106           "please pass either a block of text, or an expression to evaluate.");
1107       return false;
1108     }
1109 
1110     size_t count = m_memory_options.m_count.GetCurrentValue();
1111     found_location = low_addr;
1112     bool ever_found = false;
1113     while (count) {
1114       found_location = FastSearch(found_location, high_addr, buffer.GetBytes(),
1115                                   buffer.GetByteSize());
1116       if (found_location == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1117         if (!ever_found) {
1118           result.AppendMessage("data not found within the range.\n");
1119           result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishNoResult);
1120         } else
1121           result.AppendMessage("no more matches within the range.\n");
1122         break;
1123       }
1124       result.AppendMessageWithFormat("data found at location: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1125                                      found_location);
1126 
1127       DataBufferHeap dumpbuffer(32, 0);
1128       process->ReadMemory(
1129           found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1130           dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), error);
1131       if (!error.Fail()) {
1132         DataExtractor data(dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(),
1133                            process->GetByteOrder(),
1134                            process->GetAddressByteSize());
1135         DumpDataExtractor(
1136             data, &result.GetOutputStream(), 0, lldb::eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1,
1137             dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), 16,
1138             found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(), 0, 0);
1139         result.GetOutputStream().EOL();
1140       }
1141 
1142       --count;
1143       found_location++;
1144       ever_found = true;
1145     }
1146 
1147     result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1148     return true;
1149   }
1150 
1151   lldb::addr_t FastSearch(lldb::addr_t low, lldb::addr_t high, uint8_t *buffer,
1152                           size_t buffer_size) {
1153     const size_t region_size = high - low;
1154 
1155     if (region_size < buffer_size)
1156       return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1157 
1158     std::vector<size_t> bad_char_heuristic(256, buffer_size);
1159     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1160     ProcessMemoryIterator iterator(process_sp, low);
1161 
1162     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < buffer_size - 1; idx++) {
1163       decltype(bad_char_heuristic)::size_type bcu_idx = buffer[idx];
1164       bad_char_heuristic[bcu_idx] = buffer_size - idx - 1;
1165     }
1166     for (size_t s = 0; s <= (region_size - buffer_size);) {
1167       int64_t j = buffer_size - 1;
1168       while (j >= 0 && buffer[j] == iterator[s + j])
1169         j--;
1170       if (j < 0)
1171         return low + s;
1172       else
1173         s += bad_char_heuristic[iterator[s + buffer_size - 1]];
1174     }
1175 
1176     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1177   }
1178 
1179   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1180   OptionGroupFindMemory m_memory_options;
1181 };
1182 
1183 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_write
1184 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
1185 
1186 // Write memory to the inferior process
1187 class CommandObjectMemoryWrite : public CommandObjectParsed {
1188 public:
1189   class OptionGroupWriteMemory : public OptionGroup {
1190   public:
1191     OptionGroupWriteMemory() : OptionGroup() {}
1192 
1193     ~OptionGroupWriteMemory() override = default;
1194 
1195     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
1196       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_write_options);
1197     }
1198 
1199     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
1200                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1201       Status error;
1202       const int short_option = g_memory_write_options[option_idx].short_option;
1203 
1204       switch (short_option) {
1205       case 'i':
1206         m_infile.SetFile(option_value, FileSpec::Style::native);
1207         FileSystem::Instance().Resolve(m_infile);
1208         if (!FileSystem::Instance().Exists(m_infile)) {
1209           m_infile.Clear();
1210           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("input file does not exist: '%s'",
1211                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1212         }
1213         break;
1214 
1215       case 'o': {
1216         if (option_value.getAsInteger(0, m_infile_offset)) {
1217           m_infile_offset = 0;
1218           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("invalid offset string '%s'",
1219                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1220         }
1221       } break;
1222 
1223       default:
1224         llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
1225       }
1226       return error;
1227     }
1228 
1229     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1230       m_infile.Clear();
1231       m_infile_offset = 0;
1232     }
1233 
1234     FileSpec m_infile;
1235     off_t m_infile_offset;
1236   };
1237 
1238   CommandObjectMemoryWrite(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1239       : CommandObjectParsed(
1240             interpreter, "memory write",
1241             "Write to the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
1242             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1243         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytes, 1, UINT64_MAX),
1244         m_memory_options() {
1245     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1246     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
1247     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1248     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
1249 
1250     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1251     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1252     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1253 
1254     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1255     // argument entry.
1256     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1257 
1258     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1259     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeValue;
1260     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlus;
1261 
1262     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1263     // argument entry.
1264     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
1265 
1266     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1267     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1268     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
1269 
1270     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1271                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT,
1272                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1);
1273     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1274                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
1275                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1276     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1277     m_option_group.Finalize();
1278   }
1279 
1280   ~CommandObjectMemoryWrite() override = default;
1281 
1282   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
1283 
1284 protected:
1285   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1286     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1287     // ensures it is valid
1288     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1289 
1290     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1291 
1292     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1293       if (argc < 1) {
1294         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1295             "%s takes a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1296             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1297         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1298         return false;
1299       }
1300     } else if (argc < 2) {
1301       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1302           "%s takes a destination address and at least one value.\n",
1303           m_cmd_name.c_str());
1304       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1305       return false;
1306     }
1307 
1308     StreamString buffer(
1309         Stream::eBinary,
1310         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
1311         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder());
1312 
1313     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
1314     size_t item_byte_size = byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue();
1315 
1316     Status error;
1317     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1318         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1319 
1320     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1321       result.AppendError("invalid address expression\n");
1322       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1323       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1324       return false;
1325     }
1326 
1327     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1328       size_t length = SIZE_MAX;
1329       if (item_byte_size > 1)
1330         length = item_byte_size;
1331       auto data_sp = FileSystem::Instance().CreateDataBuffer(
1332           m_memory_options.m_infile.GetPath(), length,
1333           m_memory_options.m_infile_offset);
1334       if (data_sp) {
1335         length = data_sp->GetByteSize();
1336         if (length > 0) {
1337           Status error;
1338           size_t bytes_written =
1339               process->WriteMemory(addr, data_sp->GetBytes(), length, error);
1340 
1341           if (bytes_written == length) {
1342             // All bytes written
1343             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1344                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1345                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, addr);
1346             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1347           } else if (bytes_written > 0) {
1348             // Some byte written
1349             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1350                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes of %" PRIu64
1351                 " requested were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1352                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, (uint64_t)length, addr);
1353             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1354           } else {
1355             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1356                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1357                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1358             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1359           }
1360         }
1361       } else {
1362         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Unable to read contents of file.\n");
1363         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1364       }
1365       return result.Succeeded();
1366     } else if (item_byte_size == 0) {
1367       if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatPointer)
1368         item_byte_size = buffer.GetAddressByteSize();
1369       else
1370         item_byte_size = 1;
1371     }
1372 
1373     command.Shift(); // shift off the address argument
1374     uint64_t uval64;
1375     int64_t sval64;
1376     bool success = false;
1377     for (auto &entry : command) {
1378       switch (m_format_options.GetFormat()) {
1379       case kNumFormats:
1380       case eFormatFloat: // TODO: add support for floats soon
1381       case eFormatCharPrintable:
1382       case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
1383       case eFormatComplex:
1384       case eFormatEnum:
1385       case eFormatUnicode8:
1386       case eFormatUnicode16:
1387       case eFormatUnicode32:
1388       case eFormatVectorOfChar:
1389       case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
1390       case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
1391       case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
1392       case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
1393       case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
1394       case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
1395       case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
1396       case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
1397       case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
1398       case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
1399       case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
1400       case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
1401       case eFormatOSType:
1402       case eFormatComplexInteger:
1403       case eFormatAddressInfo:
1404       case eFormatHexFloat:
1405       case eFormatInstruction:
1406       case eFormatVoid:
1407         result.AppendError("unsupported format for writing memory");
1408         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1409         return false;
1410 
1411       case eFormatDefault:
1412       case eFormatBytes:
1413       case eFormatHex:
1414       case eFormatHexUppercase:
1415       case eFormatPointer: {
1416         // Decode hex bytes
1417         // Be careful, getAsInteger with a radix of 16 rejects "0xab" so we
1418         // have to special case that:
1419         bool success = false;
1420         if (entry.ref().startswith("0x"))
1421           success = !entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, uval64);
1422         if (!success)
1423           success = !entry.ref().getAsInteger(16, uval64);
1424         if (!success) {
1425           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1426               "'%s' is not a valid hex string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1427           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1428           return false;
1429         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1430           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1431                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1432                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1433                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1434           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1435           return false;
1436         }
1437         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1438         break;
1439       }
1440       case eFormatBoolean:
1441         uval64 = OptionArgParser::ToBoolean(entry.ref(), false, &success);
1442         if (!success) {
1443           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1444               "'%s' is not a valid boolean string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1445           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1446           return false;
1447         }
1448         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1449         break;
1450 
1451       case eFormatBinary:
1452         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(2, uval64)) {
1453           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1454               "'%s' is not a valid binary string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1455           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1456           return false;
1457         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1458           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1459                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1460                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1461                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1462           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1463           return false;
1464         }
1465         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1466         break;
1467 
1468       case eFormatCharArray:
1469       case eFormatChar:
1470       case eFormatCString: {
1471         if (entry.ref().empty())
1472           break;
1473 
1474         size_t len = entry.ref().size();
1475         // Include the NULL for C strings...
1476         if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatCString)
1477           ++len;
1478         Status error;
1479         if (process->WriteMemory(addr, entry.c_str(), len, error) == len) {
1480           addr += len;
1481         } else {
1482           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1483                                        " failed: %s.\n",
1484                                        addr, error.AsCString());
1485           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1486           return false;
1487         }
1488         break;
1489       }
1490       case eFormatDecimal:
1491         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, sval64)) {
1492           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1493               "'%s' is not a valid signed decimal value.\n", entry.c_str());
1494           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1495           return false;
1496         } else if (!llvm::isIntN(item_byte_size * 8, sval64)) {
1497           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1498               "Value %" PRIi64 " is too large or small to fit in a %" PRIu64
1499               " byte signed integer value.\n",
1500               sval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1501           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1502           return false;
1503         }
1504         buffer.PutMaxHex64(sval64, item_byte_size);
1505         break;
1506 
1507       case eFormatUnsigned:
1508 
1509         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, uval64)) {
1510           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1511               "'%s' is not a valid unsigned decimal string value.\n",
1512               entry.c_str());
1513           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1514           return false;
1515         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1516           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIu64
1517                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1518                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1519                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1520           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1521           return false;
1522         }
1523         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1524         break;
1525 
1526       case eFormatOctal:
1527         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(8, uval64)) {
1528           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1529               "'%s' is not a valid octal string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1530           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1531           return false;
1532         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1533           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIo64
1534                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1535                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1536                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1537           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1538           return false;
1539         }
1540         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1541         break;
1542       }
1543     }
1544 
1545     if (!buffer.GetString().empty()) {
1546       Status error;
1547       if (process->WriteMemory(addr, buffer.GetString().data(),
1548                                buffer.GetString().size(),
1549                                error) == buffer.GetString().size())
1550         return true;
1551       else {
1552         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1553                                      " failed: %s.\n",
1554                                      addr, error.AsCString());
1555         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1556         return false;
1557       }
1558     }
1559     return true;
1560   }
1561 
1562   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1563   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
1564   OptionGroupWriteMemory m_memory_options;
1565 };
1566 
1567 // Get malloc/free history of a memory address.
1568 class CommandObjectMemoryHistory : public CommandObjectParsed {
1569 public:
1570   CommandObjectMemoryHistory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1571       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory history",
1572                             "Print recorded stack traces for "
1573                             "allocation/deallocation events "
1574                             "associated with an address.",
1575                             nullptr,
1576                             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandRequiresProcess |
1577                                 eCommandProcessMustBePaused |
1578                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
1579     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1580     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1581 
1582     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1583     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1584     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1585 
1586     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1587     // argument entry.
1588     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1589 
1590     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1591     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1592   }
1593 
1594   ~CommandObjectMemoryHistory() override = default;
1595 
1596   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1597                                uint32_t index) override {
1598     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1599   }
1600 
1601 protected:
1602   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1603     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1604 
1605     if (argc == 0 || argc > 1) {
1606       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes an address expression",
1607                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
1608       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1609       return false;
1610     }
1611 
1612     Status error;
1613     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1614         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1615 
1616     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1617       result.AppendError("invalid address expression");
1618       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1619       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1620       return false;
1621     }
1622 
1623     Stream *output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
1624 
1625     const ProcessSP &process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1626     const MemoryHistorySP &memory_history =
1627         MemoryHistory::FindPlugin(process_sp);
1628 
1629     if (!memory_history) {
1630       result.AppendError("no available memory history provider");
1631       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1632       return false;
1633     }
1634 
1635     HistoryThreads thread_list = memory_history->GetHistoryThreads(addr);
1636 
1637     const bool stop_format = false;
1638     for (auto thread : thread_list) {
1639       thread->GetStatus(*output_stream, 0, UINT32_MAX, 0, stop_format);
1640     }
1641 
1642     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1643 
1644     return true;
1645   }
1646 };
1647 
1648 // CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1649 #pragma mark CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1650 
1651 class CommandObjectMemoryRegion : public CommandObjectParsed {
1652 public:
1653   CommandObjectMemoryRegion(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1654       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory region",
1655                             "Get information on the memory region containing "
1656                             "an address in the current target process.",
1657                             "memory region ADDR",
1658                             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandTryTargetAPILock |
1659                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1660         m_prev_end_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}
1661 
1662   ~CommandObjectMemoryRegion() override = default;
1663 
1664 protected:
1665   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1666     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1667     if (!process_sp) {
1668       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1669       result.AppendError("invalid process");
1670       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1671       return false;
1672     }
1673 
1674     Status error;
1675     lldb::addr_t load_addr = m_prev_end_addr;
1676     m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1677 
1678     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1679     if (argc > 1 || (argc == 0 && load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)) {
1680       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("'%s' takes one argument:\nUsage: %s\n",
1681                                    m_cmd_name.c_str(), m_cmd_syntax.c_str());
1682       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1683       return false;
1684     }
1685 
1686     if (argc == 1) {
1687       auto load_addr_str = command[0].ref();
1688       load_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, load_addr_str,
1689                                              LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1690       if (error.Fail() || load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1691         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid address argument \"%s\": %s\n",
1692                                      command[0].c_str(), error.AsCString());
1693         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1694         return false;
1695       }
1696     }
1697 
1698     lldb_private::MemoryRegionInfo range_info;
1699     error = process_sp->GetMemoryRegionInfo(load_addr, range_info);
1700     if (error.Success()) {
1701       lldb_private::Address addr;
1702       ConstString name = range_info.GetName();
1703       ConstString section_name;
1704       if (process_sp->GetTarget().ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr, addr)) {
1705         SectionSP section_sp(addr.GetSection());
1706         if (section_sp) {
1707           // Got the top most section, not the deepest section
1708           while (section_sp->GetParent())
1709             section_sp = section_sp->GetParent();
1710           section_name = section_sp->GetName();
1711         }
1712       }
1713 
1714       result.AppendMessageWithFormatv(
1715           "[{0:x16}-{1:x16}) {2:r}{3:w}{4:x}{5}{6}{7}{8}",
1716           range_info.GetRange().GetRangeBase(),
1717           range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd(), range_info.GetReadable(),
1718           range_info.GetWritable(), range_info.GetExecutable(), name ? " " : "",
1719           name, section_name ? " " : "", section_name);
1720       MemoryRegionInfo::OptionalBool memory_tagged =
1721           range_info.GetMemoryTagged();
1722       if (memory_tagged == MemoryRegionInfo::OptionalBool::eYes)
1723         result.AppendMessage("memory tagging: enabled");
1724 
1725       m_prev_end_addr = range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd();
1726       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1727       return true;
1728     }
1729 
1730     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1731     result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s\n", error.AsCString());
1732     return false;
1733   }
1734 
1735   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1736                                uint32_t index) override {
1737     // If we repeat this command, repeat it without any arguments so we can
1738     // show the next memory range
1739     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1740   }
1741 
1742   lldb::addr_t m_prev_end_addr;
1743 };
1744 
1745 // CommandObjectMemory
1746 
1747 CommandObjectMemory::CommandObjectMemory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1748     : CommandObjectMultiword(
1749           interpreter, "memory",
1750           "Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.",
1751           "memory <subcommand> [<subcommand-options>]") {
1752   LoadSubCommand("find",
1753                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryFind(interpreter)));
1754   LoadSubCommand("read",
1755                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRead(interpreter)));
1756   LoadSubCommand("write",
1757                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryWrite(interpreter)));
1758   LoadSubCommand("history",
1759                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryHistory(interpreter)));
1760   LoadSubCommand("region",
1761                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRegion(interpreter)));
1762 }
1763 
1764 CommandObjectMemory::~CommandObjectMemory() = default;
1765