1 //===-- CommandObjectMemory.cpp ---------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
10 
11 #include "CommandObjectMemory.h"
12 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangPersistentVariables.h"
13 #include "lldb/Core/Debugger.h"
14 #include "lldb/Core/DumpDataExtractor.h"
15 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
16 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h"
17 #include "lldb/Core/ValueObjectMemory.h"
18 #include "lldb/DataFormatters/ValueObjectPrinter.h"
19 #include "lldb/Host/OptionParser.h"
20 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandInterpreter.h"
21 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandReturnObject.h"
22 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionArgParser.h"
23 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupFormat.h"
24 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupOutputFile.h"
25 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay.h"
26 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueString.h"
27 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Options.h"
28 #include "lldb/Symbol/ClangASTContext.h"
29 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolFile.h"
30 #include "lldb/Symbol/TypeList.h"
31 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryHistory.h"
32 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryRegionInfo.h"
33 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
34 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
35 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
36 #include "lldb/Utility/Args.h"
37 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferHeap.h"
38 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferLLVM.h"
39 #include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
40 
41 #include "lldb/lldb-private.h"
42 
43 #include <cinttypes>
44 #include <memory>
45 
46 using namespace lldb;
47 using namespace lldb_private;
48 
49 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_read_memory_options[] = {
50     // clang-format off
51   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "num-per-line", 'l', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNumberPerLine, "The number of items per line to display." },
52   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2, false, "binary",       'b', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "If true, memory will be saved as binary. If false, the memory is saved save as an ASCII dump that "
53                                                                                                                             "uses the format, size, count and number per line settings." },
54   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, true , "type",         't', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "The name of a type to view memory as." },
55   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "offset",       'E', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeCount,         "How many elements of the specified type to skip before starting to display data." },
56   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1 |
57    LLDB_OPT_SET_2 |
58    LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "force",        'r', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "Necessary if reading over target.max-memory-read-size bytes." },
59     // clang-format on
60 };
61 
62 class OptionGroupReadMemory : public OptionGroup {
63 public:
64   OptionGroupReadMemory()
65       : m_num_per_line(1, 1), m_output_as_binary(false), m_view_as_type(),
66         m_offset(0, 0) {}
67 
68   ~OptionGroupReadMemory() override = default;
69 
70   llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
71     return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_read_memory_options);
72   }
73 
74   Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
75                         ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
76     Status error;
77     const int short_option = g_read_memory_options[option_idx].short_option;
78 
79     switch (short_option) {
80     case 'l':
81       error = m_num_per_line.SetValueFromString(option_value);
82       if (m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue() == 0)
83         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
84             "invalid value for --num-per-line option '%s'",
85             option_value.str().c_str());
86       break;
87 
88     case 'b':
89       m_output_as_binary = true;
90       break;
91 
92     case 't':
93       error = m_view_as_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
94       break;
95 
96     case 'r':
97       m_force = true;
98       break;
99 
100     case 'E':
101       error = m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value);
102       break;
103 
104     default:
105       error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
106                                      short_option);
107       break;
108     }
109     return error;
110   }
111 
112   void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
113     m_num_per_line.Clear();
114     m_output_as_binary = false;
115     m_view_as_type.Clear();
116     m_force = false;
117     m_offset.Clear();
118   }
119 
120   Status FinalizeSettings(Target *target, OptionGroupFormat &format_options) {
121     Status error;
122     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
123     OptionValueUInt64 &count_value = format_options.GetCountValue();
124     const bool byte_size_option_set = byte_size_value.OptionWasSet();
125     const bool num_per_line_option_set = m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet();
126     const bool count_option_set = format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet();
127 
128     switch (format_options.GetFormat()) {
129     default:
130       break;
131 
132     case eFormatBoolean:
133       if (!byte_size_option_set)
134         byte_size_value = 1;
135       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
136         m_num_per_line = 1;
137       if (!count_option_set)
138         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
139       break;
140 
141     case eFormatCString:
142       break;
143 
144     case eFormatInstruction:
145       if (count_option_set)
146         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetMaximumOpcodeByteSize();
147       m_num_per_line = 1;
148       break;
149 
150     case eFormatAddressInfo:
151       if (!byte_size_option_set)
152         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
153       m_num_per_line = 1;
154       if (!count_option_set)
155         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
156       break;
157 
158     case eFormatPointer:
159       byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
160       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
161         m_num_per_line = 4;
162       if (!count_option_set)
163         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
164       break;
165 
166     case eFormatBinary:
167     case eFormatFloat:
168     case eFormatOctal:
169     case eFormatDecimal:
170     case eFormatEnum:
171     case eFormatUnicode16:
172     case eFormatUnicode32:
173     case eFormatUnsigned:
174     case eFormatHexFloat:
175       if (!byte_size_option_set)
176         byte_size_value = 4;
177       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
178         m_num_per_line = 1;
179       if (!count_option_set)
180         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
181       break;
182 
183     case eFormatBytes:
184     case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
185       if (byte_size_option_set) {
186         if (byte_size_value > 1)
187           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
188               "display format (bytes/bytes with ASCII) conflicts with the "
189               "specified byte size %" PRIu64 "\n"
190               "\tconsider using a different display format or don't specify "
191               "the byte size.",
192               byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue());
193       } else
194         byte_size_value = 1;
195       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
196         m_num_per_line = 16;
197       if (!count_option_set)
198         format_options.GetCountValue() = 32;
199       break;
200 
201     case eFormatCharArray:
202     case eFormatChar:
203     case eFormatCharPrintable:
204       if (!byte_size_option_set)
205         byte_size_value = 1;
206       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
207         m_num_per_line = 32;
208       if (!count_option_set)
209         format_options.GetCountValue() = 64;
210       break;
211 
212     case eFormatComplex:
213       if (!byte_size_option_set)
214         byte_size_value = 8;
215       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
216         m_num_per_line = 1;
217       if (!count_option_set)
218         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
219       break;
220 
221     case eFormatComplexInteger:
222       if (!byte_size_option_set)
223         byte_size_value = 8;
224       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
225         m_num_per_line = 1;
226       if (!count_option_set)
227         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
228       break;
229 
230     case eFormatHex:
231       if (!byte_size_option_set)
232         byte_size_value = 4;
233       if (!num_per_line_option_set) {
234         switch (byte_size_value) {
235         case 1:
236         case 2:
237           m_num_per_line = 8;
238           break;
239         case 4:
240           m_num_per_line = 4;
241           break;
242         case 8:
243           m_num_per_line = 2;
244           break;
245         default:
246           m_num_per_line = 1;
247           break;
248         }
249       }
250       if (!count_option_set)
251         count_value = 8;
252       break;
253 
254     case eFormatVectorOfChar:
255     case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
256     case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
257     case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
258     case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
259     case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
260     case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
261     case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
262     case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
263     case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
264     case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
265     case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
266     case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
267       if (!byte_size_option_set)
268         byte_size_value = 128;
269       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
270         m_num_per_line = 1;
271       if (!count_option_set)
272         count_value = 4;
273       break;
274     }
275     return error;
276   }
277 
278   bool AnyOptionWasSet() const {
279     return m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet() || m_output_as_binary ||
280            m_view_as_type.OptionWasSet() || m_offset.OptionWasSet();
281   }
282 
283   OptionValueUInt64 m_num_per_line;
284   bool m_output_as_binary;
285   OptionValueString m_view_as_type;
286   bool m_force;
287   OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
288 };
289 
290 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
291 // Read memory from the inferior process
292 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
293 class CommandObjectMemoryRead : public CommandObjectParsed {
294 public:
295   CommandObjectMemoryRead(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
296       : CommandObjectParsed(
297             interpreter, "memory read",
298             "Read from the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
299             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandProcessMustBePaused),
300         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
301         m_memory_options(), m_outfile_options(), m_varobj_options(),
302         m_next_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_prev_byte_size(0),
303         m_prev_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
304         m_prev_memory_options(), m_prev_outfile_options(),
305         m_prev_varobj_options() {
306     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
307     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
308     CommandArgumentData start_addr_arg;
309     CommandArgumentData end_addr_arg;
310 
311     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
312     start_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
313     start_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
314 
315     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
316     // argument entry.
317     arg1.push_back(start_addr_arg);
318 
319     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
320     end_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
321     end_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatOptional;
322 
323     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
324     // argument entry.
325     arg2.push_back(end_addr_arg);
326 
327     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
328     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
329     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
330 
331     // Add the "--format" and "--count" options to group 1 and 3
332     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
333                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT |
334                               OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_COUNT,
335                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
336     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
337                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_GDB_FMT,
338                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
339     // Add the "--size" option to group 1 and 2
340     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
341                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
342                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
343     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
344     m_option_group.Append(&m_outfile_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL,
345                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
346     m_option_group.Append(&m_varobj_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
347     m_option_group.Finalize();
348   }
349 
350   ~CommandObjectMemoryRead() override = default;
351 
352   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
353 
354   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
355                                uint32_t index) override {
356     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
357   }
358 
359 protected:
360   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
361     // No need to check "target" for validity as eCommandRequiresTarget ensures
362     // it is valid
363     Target *target = m_exe_ctx.GetTargetPtr();
364 
365     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
366 
367     if ((argc == 0 && m_next_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) || argc > 2) {
368       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes a start address expression with "
369                                    "an optional end address expression.\n",
370                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
371       result.AppendRawWarning("Expressions should be quoted if they contain "
372                               "spaces or other special characters.\n");
373       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
374       return false;
375     }
376 
377     CompilerType clang_ast_type;
378     Status error;
379 
380     const char *view_as_type_cstr =
381         m_memory_options.m_view_as_type.GetCurrentValue();
382     if (view_as_type_cstr && view_as_type_cstr[0]) {
383       // We are viewing memory as a type
384 
385       const bool exact_match = false;
386       TypeList type_list;
387       uint32_t reference_count = 0;
388       uint32_t pointer_count = 0;
389       size_t idx;
390 
391 #define ALL_KEYWORDS                                                           \
392   KEYWORD("const")                                                             \
393   KEYWORD("volatile")                                                          \
394   KEYWORD("restrict")                                                          \
395   KEYWORD("struct")                                                            \
396   KEYWORD("class")                                                             \
397   KEYWORD("union")
398 
399 #define KEYWORD(s) s,
400       static const char *g_keywords[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
401 #undef KEYWORD
402 
403 #define KEYWORD(s) (sizeof(s) - 1),
404       static const int g_keyword_lengths[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
405 #undef KEYWORD
406 
407 #undef ALL_KEYWORDS
408 
409       static size_t g_num_keywords = sizeof(g_keywords) / sizeof(const char *);
410       std::string type_str(view_as_type_cstr);
411 
412       // Remove all instances of g_keywords that are followed by spaces
413       for (size_t i = 0; i < g_num_keywords; ++i) {
414         const char *keyword = g_keywords[i];
415         int keyword_len = g_keyword_lengths[i];
416 
417         idx = 0;
418         while ((idx = type_str.find(keyword, idx)) != std::string::npos) {
419           if (type_str[idx + keyword_len] == ' ' ||
420               type_str[idx + keyword_len] == '\t') {
421             type_str.erase(idx, keyword_len + 1);
422             idx = 0;
423           } else {
424             idx += keyword_len;
425           }
426         }
427       }
428       bool done = type_str.empty();
429       //
430       idx = type_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
431       if (idx > 0 && idx != std::string::npos)
432         type_str.erase(0, idx);
433       while (!done) {
434         // Strip trailing spaces
435         if (type_str.empty())
436           done = true;
437         else {
438           switch (type_str[type_str.size() - 1]) {
439           case '*':
440             ++pointer_count;
441             LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
442           case ' ':
443           case '\t':
444             type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
445             break;
446 
447           case '&':
448             if (reference_count == 0) {
449               reference_count = 1;
450               type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
451             } else {
452               result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid type string: '%s'\n",
453                                            view_as_type_cstr);
454               result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
455               return false;
456             }
457             break;
458 
459           default:
460             done = true;
461             break;
462           }
463         }
464       }
465 
466       llvm::DenseSet<lldb_private::SymbolFile *> searched_symbol_files;
467       ConstString lookup_type_name(type_str.c_str());
468       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
469       ModuleSP search_first;
470       if (frame) {
471         search_first = frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextModule).module_sp;
472       }
473       target->GetImages().FindTypes(search_first.get(), lookup_type_name,
474                                     exact_match, 1, searched_symbol_files,
475                                     type_list);
476 
477       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0 && lookup_type_name.GetCString() &&
478           *lookup_type_name.GetCString() == '$') {
479         if (ClangPersistentVariables *persistent_vars =
480                 llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<ClangPersistentVariables>(
481                     target->GetPersistentExpressionStateForLanguage(
482                         lldb::eLanguageTypeC))) {
483           clang::TypeDecl *tdecl = llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<clang::TypeDecl>(
484               persistent_vars->GetPersistentDecl(
485                   ConstString(lookup_type_name)));
486 
487           if (tdecl) {
488             clang_ast_type.SetCompilerType(
489                 ClangASTContext::GetASTContext(&tdecl->getASTContext()),
490                 reinterpret_cast<lldb::opaque_compiler_type_t>(
491                     const_cast<clang::Type *>(tdecl->getTypeForDecl())));
492           }
493         }
494       }
495 
496       if (!clang_ast_type.IsValid()) {
497         if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
498           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("unable to find any types that match "
499                                        "the raw type '%s' for full type '%s'\n",
500                                        lookup_type_name.GetCString(),
501                                        view_as_type_cstr);
502           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
503           return false;
504         } else {
505           TypeSP type_sp(type_list.GetTypeAtIndex(0));
506           clang_ast_type = type_sp->GetFullCompilerType();
507         }
508       }
509 
510       while (pointer_count > 0) {
511         CompilerType pointer_type = clang_ast_type.GetPointerType();
512         if (pointer_type.IsValid())
513           clang_ast_type = pointer_type;
514         else {
515           result.AppendError("unable make a pointer type\n");
516           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
517           return false;
518         }
519         --pointer_count;
520       }
521 
522       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
523       if (!size) {
524         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
525             "unable to get the byte size of the type '%s'\n",
526             view_as_type_cstr);
527         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
528         return false;
529       }
530       m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() = *size;
531 
532       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
533         m_format_options.GetCountValue() = 1;
534     } else {
535       error = m_memory_options.FinalizeSettings(target, m_format_options);
536     }
537 
538     // Look for invalid combinations of settings
539     if (error.Fail()) {
540       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
541       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
542       return false;
543     }
544 
545     lldb::addr_t addr;
546     size_t total_byte_size = 0;
547     if (argc == 0) {
548       // Use the last address and byte size and all options as they were if no
549       // options have been set
550       addr = m_next_addr;
551       total_byte_size = m_prev_byte_size;
552       clang_ast_type = m_prev_clang_ast_type;
553       if (!m_format_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
554           !m_memory_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
555           !m_outfile_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
556           !m_varobj_options.AnyOptionWasSet()) {
557         m_format_options = m_prev_format_options;
558         m_memory_options = m_prev_memory_options;
559         m_outfile_options = m_prev_outfile_options;
560         m_varobj_options = m_prev_varobj_options;
561       }
562     }
563 
564     size_t item_count = m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
565 
566     // TODO For non-8-bit byte addressable architectures this needs to be
567     // revisited to fully support all lldb's range of formatting options.
568     // Furthermore code memory reads (for those architectures) will not be
569     // correctly formatted even w/o formatting options.
570     size_t item_byte_size =
571         target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize() > 1
572             ? target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize()
573             : m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
574 
575     const size_t num_per_line =
576         m_memory_options.m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue();
577 
578     if (total_byte_size == 0) {
579       total_byte_size = item_count * item_byte_size;
580       if (total_byte_size == 0)
581         total_byte_size = 32;
582     }
583 
584     if (argc > 0)
585       addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref,
586                                         LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
587 
588     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
589       result.AppendError("invalid start address expression.");
590       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
591       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
592       return false;
593     }
594 
595     if (argc == 2) {
596       lldb::addr_t end_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
597           &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, nullptr);
598       if (end_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
599         result.AppendError("invalid end address expression.");
600         result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
601         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
602         return false;
603       } else if (end_addr <= addr) {
604         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
605             "end address (0x%" PRIx64
606             ") must be greater that the start address (0x%" PRIx64 ").\n",
607             end_addr, addr);
608         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
609         return false;
610       } else if (m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet()) {
611         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
612             "specify either the end address (0x%" PRIx64
613             ") or the count (--count %" PRIu64 "), not both.\n",
614             end_addr, (uint64_t)item_count);
615         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
616         return false;
617       }
618 
619       total_byte_size = end_addr - addr;
620       item_count = total_byte_size / item_byte_size;
621     }
622 
623     uint32_t max_unforced_size = target->GetMaximumMemReadSize();
624 
625     if (total_byte_size > max_unforced_size && !m_memory_options.m_force) {
626       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
627           "Normally, \'memory read\' will not read over %" PRIu32
628           " bytes of data.\n",
629           max_unforced_size);
630       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
631           "Please use --force to override this restriction just once.\n");
632       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("or set target.max-memory-read-size if you "
633                                    "will often need a larger limit.\n");
634       return false;
635     }
636 
637     DataBufferSP data_sp;
638     size_t bytes_read = 0;
639     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
640       // Make sure we don't display our type as ASCII bytes like the default
641       // memory read
642       if (!m_format_options.GetFormatValue().OptionWasSet())
643         m_format_options.GetFormatValue().SetCurrentValue(eFormatDefault);
644 
645       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
646       if (!size) {
647         result.AppendError("can't get size of type");
648         return false;
649       }
650       bytes_read = *size * m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
651 
652       if (argc > 0)
653         addr = addr + (*size * m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue());
654     } else if (m_format_options.GetFormatValue().GetCurrentValue() !=
655                eFormatCString) {
656       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(total_byte_size, '\0');
657       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
658         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
659             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx32
660             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
661             (uint32_t)total_byte_size);
662         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
663         return false;
664       }
665 
666       Address address(addr, nullptr);
667       bytes_read = target->ReadMemory(address, false, data_sp->GetBytes(),
668                                       data_sp->GetByteSize(), error);
669       if (bytes_read == 0) {
670         const char *error_cstr = error.AsCString();
671         if (error_cstr && error_cstr[0]) {
672           result.AppendError(error_cstr);
673         } else {
674           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
675               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
676         }
677         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
678         return false;
679       }
680 
681       if (bytes_read < total_byte_size)
682         result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
683             "Not all bytes (%" PRIu64 "/%" PRIu64
684             ") were able to be read from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n",
685             (uint64_t)bytes_read, (uint64_t)total_byte_size, addr);
686     } else {
687       // we treat c-strings as a special case because they do not have a fixed
688       // size
689       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().OptionWasSet() &&
690           !m_format_options.HasGDBFormat())
691         item_byte_size = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
692       else
693         item_byte_size = target->GetMaximumSizeOfStringSummary();
694       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
695         item_count = 1;
696       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(
697           (item_byte_size + 1) * item_count,
698           '\0'); // account for NULLs as necessary
699       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
700         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
701             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx64
702             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
703             (uint64_t)((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count));
704         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
705         return false;
706       }
707       uint8_t *data_ptr = data_sp->GetBytes();
708       auto data_addr = addr;
709       auto count = item_count;
710       item_count = 0;
711       bool break_on_no_NULL = false;
712       while (item_count < count) {
713         std::string buffer;
714         buffer.resize(item_byte_size + 1, 0);
715         Status error;
716         size_t read = target->ReadCStringFromMemory(data_addr, &buffer[0],
717                                                     item_byte_size + 1, error);
718         if (error.Fail()) {
719           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
720               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
721           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
722           return false;
723         }
724 
725         if (item_byte_size == read) {
726           result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
727               "unable to find a NULL terminated string at 0x%" PRIx64
728               ".Consider increasing the maximum read length.\n",
729               data_addr);
730           --read;
731           break_on_no_NULL = true;
732         } else
733           ++read; // account for final NULL byte
734 
735         memcpy(data_ptr, &buffer[0], read);
736         data_ptr += read;
737         data_addr += read;
738         bytes_read += read;
739         item_count++; // if we break early we know we only read item_count
740                       // strings
741 
742         if (break_on_no_NULL)
743           break;
744       }
745       data_sp =
746           std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read + 1);
747     }
748 
749     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_read;
750     m_prev_byte_size = bytes_read;
751     m_prev_format_options = m_format_options;
752     m_prev_memory_options = m_memory_options;
753     m_prev_outfile_options = m_outfile_options;
754     m_prev_varobj_options = m_varobj_options;
755     m_prev_clang_ast_type = clang_ast_type;
756 
757     StreamFile outfile_stream;
758     Stream *output_stream = nullptr;
759     const FileSpec &outfile_spec =
760         m_outfile_options.GetFile().GetCurrentValue();
761 
762     std::string path = outfile_spec.GetPath();
763     if (outfile_spec) {
764 
765       uint32_t open_options =
766           File::eOpenOptionWrite | File::eOpenOptionCanCreate;
767       const bool append = m_outfile_options.GetAppend().GetCurrentValue();
768       if (append)
769         open_options |= File::eOpenOptionAppend;
770 
771       Status error = FileSystem::Instance().Open(outfile_stream.GetFile(),
772                                                  outfile_spec, open_options);
773       if (error.Success()) {
774         if (m_memory_options.m_output_as_binary) {
775           const size_t bytes_written =
776               outfile_stream.Write(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read);
777           if (bytes_written > 0) {
778             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
779                 "%zi bytes %s to '%s'\n", bytes_written,
780                 append ? "appended" : "written", path.c_str());
781             return true;
782           } else {
783             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to write %" PRIu64
784                                          " bytes to '%s'.\n",
785                                          (uint64_t)bytes_read, path.c_str());
786             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
787             return false;
788           }
789         } else {
790           // We are going to write ASCII to the file just point the
791           // output_stream to our outfile_stream...
792           output_stream = &outfile_stream;
793         }
794       } else {
795         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to open file '%s' for %s.\n",
796                                      path.c_str(), append ? "append" : "write");
797         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
798         return false;
799       }
800     } else {
801       output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
802     }
803 
804     ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope = m_exe_ctx.GetBestExecutionContextScope();
805     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
806       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < item_count; ++i) {
807         addr_t item_addr = addr + (i * item_byte_size);
808         Address address(item_addr);
809         StreamString name_strm;
810         name_strm.Printf("0x%" PRIx64, item_addr);
811         ValueObjectSP valobj_sp(ValueObjectMemory::Create(
812             exe_scope, name_strm.GetString(), address, clang_ast_type));
813         if (valobj_sp) {
814           Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
815           if (format != eFormatDefault)
816             valobj_sp->SetFormat(format);
817 
818           DumpValueObjectOptions options(m_varobj_options.GetAsDumpOptions(
819               eLanguageRuntimeDescriptionDisplayVerbosityFull, format));
820 
821           valobj_sp->Dump(*output_stream, options);
822         } else {
823           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
824               "failed to create a value object for: (%s) %s\n",
825               view_as_type_cstr, name_strm.GetData());
826           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
827           return false;
828         }
829       }
830       return true;
831     }
832 
833     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
834     DataExtractor data(data_sp, target->GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder(),
835                        target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
836                        target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize());
837 
838     Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
839     if (((format == eFormatChar) || (format == eFormatCharPrintable)) &&
840         (item_byte_size != 1)) {
841       // if a count was not passed, or it is 1
842       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet() || item_count == 1) {
843         // this turns requests such as
844         // memory read -fc -s10 -c1 *charPtrPtr
845         // which make no sense (what is a char of size 10?) into a request for
846         // fetching 10 chars of size 1 from the same memory location
847         format = eFormatCharArray;
848         item_count = item_byte_size;
849         item_byte_size = 1;
850       } else {
851         // here we passed a count, and it was not 1 so we have a byte_size and
852         // a count we could well multiply those, but instead let's just fail
853         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
854             "reading memory as characters of size %" PRIu64 " is not supported",
855             (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
856         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
857         return false;
858       }
859     }
860 
861     assert(output_stream);
862     size_t bytes_dumped = DumpDataExtractor(
863         data, output_stream, 0, format, item_byte_size, item_count,
864         num_per_line / target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize(), addr, 0, 0,
865         exe_scope);
866     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_dumped;
867     output_stream->EOL();
868     return true;
869   }
870 
871   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
872   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
873   OptionGroupReadMemory m_memory_options;
874   OptionGroupOutputFile m_outfile_options;
875   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_varobj_options;
876   lldb::addr_t m_next_addr;
877   lldb::addr_t m_prev_byte_size;
878   OptionGroupFormat m_prev_format_options;
879   OptionGroupReadMemory m_prev_memory_options;
880   OptionGroupOutputFile m_prev_outfile_options;
881   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_prev_varobj_options;
882   CompilerType m_prev_clang_ast_type;
883 };
884 
885 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_memory_find_option_table[] = {
886     // clang-format off
887   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1,   true,  "expression",  'e', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeExpression, "Evaluate an expression to obtain a byte pattern."},
888   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2,   true,  "string",      's', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeName,       "Use text to find a byte pattern."},
889   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "count",       'c', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeCount,      "How many times to perform the search."},
890   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "dump-offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeOffset,     "When dumping memory for a match, an offset from the match location to start dumping from."},
891     // clang-format on
892 };
893 
894 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
895 // Find the specified data in memory
896 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
897 class CommandObjectMemoryFind : public CommandObjectParsed {
898 public:
899   class OptionGroupFindMemory : public OptionGroup {
900   public:
901     OptionGroupFindMemory() : OptionGroup(), m_count(1), m_offset(0) {}
902 
903     ~OptionGroupFindMemory() override = default;
904 
905     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
906       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_find_option_table);
907     }
908 
909     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
910                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
911       Status error;
912       const int short_option =
913           g_memory_find_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
914 
915       switch (short_option) {
916       case 'e':
917         m_expr.SetValueFromString(option_value);
918         break;
919 
920       case 's':
921         m_string.SetValueFromString(option_value);
922         break;
923 
924       case 'c':
925         if (m_count.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
926           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for count");
927         break;
928 
929       case 'o':
930         if (m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
931           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for dump-offset");
932         break;
933 
934       default:
935         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
936                                        short_option);
937         break;
938       }
939       return error;
940     }
941 
942     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
943       m_expr.Clear();
944       m_string.Clear();
945       m_count.Clear();
946     }
947 
948     OptionValueString m_expr;
949     OptionValueString m_string;
950     OptionValueUInt64 m_count;
951     OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
952   };
953 
954   CommandObjectMemoryFind(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
955       : CommandObjectParsed(
956             interpreter, "memory find",
957             "Find a value in the memory of the current target process.",
958             nullptr, eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
959         m_option_group(), m_memory_options() {
960     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
961     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
962     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
963     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
964 
965     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
966     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
967     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
968 
969     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
970     // argument entry.
971     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
972 
973     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
974     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
975     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
976 
977     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
978     // argument entry.
979     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
980 
981     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
982     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
983     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
984 
985     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
986     m_option_group.Finalize();
987   }
988 
989   ~CommandObjectMemoryFind() override = default;
990 
991   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
992 
993 protected:
994   class ProcessMemoryIterator {
995   public:
996     ProcessMemoryIterator(ProcessSP process_sp, lldb::addr_t base)
997         : m_process_sp(process_sp), m_base_addr(base), m_is_valid(true) {
998       lldbassert(process_sp.get() != nullptr);
999     }
1000 
1001     bool IsValid() { return m_is_valid; }
1002 
1003     uint8_t operator[](lldb::addr_t offset) {
1004       if (!IsValid())
1005         return 0;
1006 
1007       uint8_t retval = 0;
1008       Status error;
1009       if (0 ==
1010           m_process_sp->ReadMemory(m_base_addr + offset, &retval, 1, error)) {
1011         m_is_valid = false;
1012         return 0;
1013       }
1014 
1015       return retval;
1016     }
1017 
1018   private:
1019     ProcessSP m_process_sp;
1020     lldb::addr_t m_base_addr;
1021     bool m_is_valid;
1022   };
1023   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1024     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1025     // ensures it is valid
1026     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1027 
1028     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1029 
1030     if (argc != 2) {
1031       result.AppendError("two addresses needed for memory find");
1032       return false;
1033     }
1034 
1035     Status error;
1036     lldb::addr_t low_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1037         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1038     if (low_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1039       result.AppendError("invalid low address");
1040       return false;
1041     }
1042     lldb::addr_t high_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1043         &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1044     if (high_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1045       result.AppendError("invalid high address");
1046       return false;
1047     }
1048 
1049     if (high_addr <= low_addr) {
1050       result.AppendError(
1051           "starting address must be smaller than ending address");
1052       return false;
1053     }
1054 
1055     lldb::addr_t found_location = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1056 
1057     DataBufferHeap buffer;
1058 
1059     if (m_memory_options.m_string.OptionWasSet())
1060       buffer.CopyData(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue());
1061     else if (m_memory_options.m_expr.OptionWasSet()) {
1062       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
1063       ValueObjectSP result_sp;
1064       if ((eExpressionCompleted ==
1065            process->GetTarget().EvaluateExpression(
1066                m_memory_options.m_expr.GetStringValue(), frame, result_sp)) &&
1067           result_sp) {
1068         uint64_t value = result_sp->GetValueAsUnsigned(0);
1069         llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size =
1070             result_sp->GetCompilerType().GetByteSize(nullptr);
1071         if (!size)
1072           return false;
1073         switch (*size) {
1074         case 1: {
1075           uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)value;
1076           buffer.CopyData(&byte, 1);
1077         } break;
1078         case 2: {
1079           uint16_t word = (uint16_t)value;
1080           buffer.CopyData(&word, 2);
1081         } break;
1082         case 4: {
1083           uint32_t lword = (uint32_t)value;
1084           buffer.CopyData(&lword, 4);
1085         } break;
1086         case 8: {
1087           buffer.CopyData(&value, 8);
1088         } break;
1089         case 3:
1090         case 5:
1091         case 6:
1092         case 7:
1093           result.AppendError("unknown type. pass a string instead");
1094           return false;
1095         default:
1096           result.AppendError(
1097               "result size larger than 8 bytes. pass a string instead");
1098           return false;
1099         }
1100       } else {
1101         result.AppendError(
1102             "expression evaluation failed. pass a string instead");
1103         return false;
1104       }
1105     } else {
1106       result.AppendError(
1107           "please pass either a block of text, or an expression to evaluate.");
1108       return false;
1109     }
1110 
1111     size_t count = m_memory_options.m_count.GetCurrentValue();
1112     found_location = low_addr;
1113     bool ever_found = false;
1114     while (count) {
1115       found_location = FastSearch(found_location, high_addr, buffer.GetBytes(),
1116                                   buffer.GetByteSize());
1117       if (found_location == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1118         if (!ever_found) {
1119           result.AppendMessage("data not found within the range.\n");
1120           result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishNoResult);
1121         } else
1122           result.AppendMessage("no more matches within the range.\n");
1123         break;
1124       }
1125       result.AppendMessageWithFormat("data found at location: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1126                                      found_location);
1127 
1128       DataBufferHeap dumpbuffer(32, 0);
1129       process->ReadMemory(
1130           found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1131           dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), error);
1132       if (!error.Fail()) {
1133         DataExtractor data(dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(),
1134                            process->GetByteOrder(),
1135                            process->GetAddressByteSize());
1136         DumpDataExtractor(
1137             data, &result.GetOutputStream(), 0, lldb::eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1,
1138             dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), 16,
1139             found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(), 0, 0);
1140         result.GetOutputStream().EOL();
1141       }
1142 
1143       --count;
1144       found_location++;
1145       ever_found = true;
1146     }
1147 
1148     result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1149     return true;
1150   }
1151 
1152   lldb::addr_t FastSearch(lldb::addr_t low, lldb::addr_t high, uint8_t *buffer,
1153                           size_t buffer_size) {
1154     const size_t region_size = high - low;
1155 
1156     if (region_size < buffer_size)
1157       return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1158 
1159     std::vector<size_t> bad_char_heuristic(256, buffer_size);
1160     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1161     ProcessMemoryIterator iterator(process_sp, low);
1162 
1163     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < buffer_size - 1; idx++) {
1164       decltype(bad_char_heuristic)::size_type bcu_idx = buffer[idx];
1165       bad_char_heuristic[bcu_idx] = buffer_size - idx - 1;
1166     }
1167     for (size_t s = 0; s <= (region_size - buffer_size);) {
1168       int64_t j = buffer_size - 1;
1169       while (j >= 0 && buffer[j] == iterator[s + j])
1170         j--;
1171       if (j < 0)
1172         return low + s;
1173       else
1174         s += bad_char_heuristic[iterator[s + buffer_size - 1]];
1175     }
1176 
1177     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1178   }
1179 
1180   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1181   OptionGroupFindMemory m_memory_options;
1182 };
1183 
1184 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_memory_write_option_table[] = {
1185     // clang-format off
1186   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, true,  "infile", 'i', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeFilename, "Write memory using the contents of a file."},
1187   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeOffset,   "Start writing bytes from an offset within the input file."},
1188     // clang-format on
1189 };
1190 
1191 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1192 // Write memory to the inferior process
1193 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1194 class CommandObjectMemoryWrite : public CommandObjectParsed {
1195 public:
1196   class OptionGroupWriteMemory : public OptionGroup {
1197   public:
1198     OptionGroupWriteMemory() : OptionGroup() {}
1199 
1200     ~OptionGroupWriteMemory() override = default;
1201 
1202     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
1203       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_write_option_table);
1204     }
1205 
1206     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
1207                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1208       Status error;
1209       const int short_option =
1210           g_memory_write_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
1211 
1212       switch (short_option) {
1213       case 'i':
1214         m_infile.SetFile(option_value, FileSpec::Style::native);
1215         FileSystem::Instance().Resolve(m_infile);
1216         if (!FileSystem::Instance().Exists(m_infile)) {
1217           m_infile.Clear();
1218           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("input file does not exist: '%s'",
1219                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1220         }
1221         break;
1222 
1223       case 'o': {
1224         if (option_value.getAsInteger(0, m_infile_offset)) {
1225           m_infile_offset = 0;
1226           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("invalid offset string '%s'",
1227                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1228         }
1229       } break;
1230 
1231       default:
1232         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
1233                                        short_option);
1234         break;
1235       }
1236       return error;
1237     }
1238 
1239     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1240       m_infile.Clear();
1241       m_infile_offset = 0;
1242     }
1243 
1244     FileSpec m_infile;
1245     off_t m_infile_offset;
1246   };
1247 
1248   CommandObjectMemoryWrite(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1249       : CommandObjectParsed(
1250             interpreter, "memory write",
1251             "Write to the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
1252             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1253         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytes, 1, UINT64_MAX),
1254         m_memory_options() {
1255     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1256     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
1257     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1258     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
1259 
1260     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1261     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1262     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1263 
1264     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1265     // argument entry.
1266     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1267 
1268     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1269     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeValue;
1270     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlus;
1271 
1272     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1273     // argument entry.
1274     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
1275 
1276     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1277     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1278     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
1279 
1280     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1281                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT,
1282                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1);
1283     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1284                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
1285                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1286     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1287     m_option_group.Finalize();
1288   }
1289 
1290   ~CommandObjectMemoryWrite() override = default;
1291 
1292   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
1293 
1294   bool UIntValueIsValidForSize(uint64_t uval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1295     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1296       return false;
1297 
1298     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1299       return true;
1300 
1301     const uint64_t max = ((uint64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8)) - 1;
1302     return uval64 <= max;
1303   }
1304 
1305   bool SIntValueIsValidForSize(int64_t sval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1306     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1307       return false;
1308 
1309     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1310       return true;
1311 
1312     const int64_t max = ((int64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8 - 1)) - 1;
1313     const int64_t min = ~(max);
1314     return min <= sval64 && sval64 <= max;
1315   }
1316 
1317 protected:
1318   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1319     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1320     // ensures it is valid
1321     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1322 
1323     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1324 
1325     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1326       if (argc < 1) {
1327         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1328             "%s takes a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1329             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1330         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1331         return false;
1332       }
1333     } else if (argc < 2) {
1334       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1335           "%s takes a destination address and at least one value.\n",
1336           m_cmd_name.c_str());
1337       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1338       return false;
1339     }
1340 
1341     StreamString buffer(
1342         Stream::eBinary,
1343         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
1344         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder());
1345 
1346     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
1347     size_t item_byte_size = byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue();
1348 
1349     Status error;
1350     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1351         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1352 
1353     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1354       result.AppendError("invalid address expression\n");
1355       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1356       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1357       return false;
1358     }
1359 
1360     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1361       size_t length = SIZE_MAX;
1362       if (item_byte_size > 1)
1363         length = item_byte_size;
1364       auto data_sp = FileSystem::Instance().CreateDataBuffer(
1365           m_memory_options.m_infile.GetPath(), length,
1366           m_memory_options.m_infile_offset);
1367       if (data_sp) {
1368         length = data_sp->GetByteSize();
1369         if (length > 0) {
1370           Status error;
1371           size_t bytes_written =
1372               process->WriteMemory(addr, data_sp->GetBytes(), length, error);
1373 
1374           if (bytes_written == length) {
1375             // All bytes written
1376             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1377                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1378                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, addr);
1379             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1380           } else if (bytes_written > 0) {
1381             // Some byte written
1382             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1383                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes of %" PRIu64
1384                 " requested were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1385                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, (uint64_t)length, addr);
1386             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1387           } else {
1388             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1389                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1390                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1391             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1392           }
1393         }
1394       } else {
1395         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Unable to read contents of file.\n");
1396         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1397       }
1398       return result.Succeeded();
1399     } else if (item_byte_size == 0) {
1400       if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatPointer)
1401         item_byte_size = buffer.GetAddressByteSize();
1402       else
1403         item_byte_size = 1;
1404     }
1405 
1406     command.Shift(); // shift off the address argument
1407     uint64_t uval64;
1408     int64_t sval64;
1409     bool success = false;
1410     for (auto &entry : command) {
1411       switch (m_format_options.GetFormat()) {
1412       case kNumFormats:
1413       case eFormatFloat: // TODO: add support for floats soon
1414       case eFormatCharPrintable:
1415       case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
1416       case eFormatComplex:
1417       case eFormatEnum:
1418       case eFormatUnicode16:
1419       case eFormatUnicode32:
1420       case eFormatVectorOfChar:
1421       case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
1422       case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
1423       case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
1424       case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
1425       case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
1426       case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
1427       case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
1428       case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
1429       case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
1430       case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
1431       case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
1432       case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
1433       case eFormatOSType:
1434       case eFormatComplexInteger:
1435       case eFormatAddressInfo:
1436       case eFormatHexFloat:
1437       case eFormatInstruction:
1438       case eFormatVoid:
1439         result.AppendError("unsupported format for writing memory");
1440         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1441         return false;
1442 
1443       case eFormatDefault:
1444       case eFormatBytes:
1445       case eFormatHex:
1446       case eFormatHexUppercase:
1447       case eFormatPointer:
1448       {
1449         // Decode hex bytes
1450         // Be careful, getAsInteger with a radix of 16 rejects "0xab" so we
1451         // have to special case that:
1452         bool success = false;
1453         if (entry.ref.startswith("0x"))
1454           success = !entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, uval64);
1455         if (!success)
1456           success = !entry.ref.getAsInteger(16, uval64);
1457         if (!success) {
1458           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1459               "'%s' is not a valid hex string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1460           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1461           return false;
1462         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1463           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1464                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1465                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1466                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1467           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1468           return false;
1469         }
1470         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1471         break;
1472       }
1473       case eFormatBoolean:
1474         uval64 = OptionArgParser::ToBoolean(entry.ref, false, &success);
1475         if (!success) {
1476           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1477               "'%s' is not a valid boolean string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1478           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1479           return false;
1480         }
1481         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1482         break;
1483 
1484       case eFormatBinary:
1485         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(2, uval64)) {
1486           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1487               "'%s' is not a valid binary string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1488           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1489           return false;
1490         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1491           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1492                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1493                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1494                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1495           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1496           return false;
1497         }
1498         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1499         break;
1500 
1501       case eFormatCharArray:
1502       case eFormatChar:
1503       case eFormatCString: {
1504         if (entry.ref.empty())
1505           break;
1506 
1507         size_t len = entry.ref.size();
1508         // Include the NULL for C strings...
1509         if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatCString)
1510           ++len;
1511         Status error;
1512         if (process->WriteMemory(addr, entry.c_str(), len, error) == len) {
1513           addr += len;
1514         } else {
1515           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1516                                        " failed: %s.\n",
1517                                        addr, error.AsCString());
1518           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1519           return false;
1520         }
1521         break;
1522       }
1523       case eFormatDecimal:
1524         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, sval64)) {
1525           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1526               "'%s' is not a valid signed decimal value.\n", entry.c_str());
1527           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1528           return false;
1529         } else if (!SIntValueIsValidForSize(sval64, item_byte_size)) {
1530           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1531               "Value %" PRIi64 " is too large or small to fit in a %" PRIu64
1532               " byte signed integer value.\n",
1533               sval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1534           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1535           return false;
1536         }
1537         buffer.PutMaxHex64(sval64, item_byte_size);
1538         break;
1539 
1540       case eFormatUnsigned:
1541 
1542         if (!entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, uval64)) {
1543           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1544               "'%s' is not a valid unsigned decimal string value.\n",
1545               entry.c_str());
1546           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1547           return false;
1548         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1549           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIu64
1550                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1551                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1552                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1553           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1554           return false;
1555         }
1556         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1557         break;
1558 
1559       case eFormatOctal:
1560         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(8, uval64)) {
1561           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1562               "'%s' is not a valid octal string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1563           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1564           return false;
1565         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1566           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIo64
1567                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1568                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1569                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1570           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1571           return false;
1572         }
1573         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1574         break;
1575       }
1576     }
1577 
1578     if (!buffer.GetString().empty()) {
1579       Status error;
1580       if (process->WriteMemory(addr, buffer.GetString().data(),
1581                                buffer.GetString().size(),
1582                                error) == buffer.GetString().size())
1583         return true;
1584       else {
1585         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1586                                      " failed: %s.\n",
1587                                      addr, error.AsCString());
1588         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1589         return false;
1590       }
1591     }
1592     return true;
1593   }
1594 
1595   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1596   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
1597   OptionGroupWriteMemory m_memory_options;
1598 };
1599 
1600 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1601 // Get malloc/free history of a memory address.
1602 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1603 class CommandObjectMemoryHistory : public CommandObjectParsed {
1604 public:
1605   CommandObjectMemoryHistory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1606       : CommandObjectParsed(
1607             interpreter, "memory history", "Print recorded stack traces for "
1608                                            "allocation/deallocation events "
1609                                            "associated with an address.",
1610             nullptr,
1611             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandRequiresProcess |
1612                 eCommandProcessMustBePaused | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
1613     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1614     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1615 
1616     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1617     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1618     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1619 
1620     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1621     // argument entry.
1622     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1623 
1624     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1625     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1626   }
1627 
1628   ~CommandObjectMemoryHistory() override = default;
1629 
1630   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1631                                uint32_t index) override {
1632     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1633   }
1634 
1635 protected:
1636   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1637     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1638 
1639     if (argc == 0 || argc > 1) {
1640       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes an address expression",
1641                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
1642       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1643       return false;
1644     }
1645 
1646     Status error;
1647     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1648         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1649 
1650     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1651       result.AppendError("invalid address expression");
1652       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1653       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1654       return false;
1655     }
1656 
1657     Stream *output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
1658 
1659     const ProcessSP &process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1660     const MemoryHistorySP &memory_history =
1661         MemoryHistory::FindPlugin(process_sp);
1662 
1663     if (!memory_history) {
1664       result.AppendError("no available memory history provider");
1665       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1666       return false;
1667     }
1668 
1669     HistoryThreads thread_list = memory_history->GetHistoryThreads(addr);
1670 
1671     const bool stop_format = false;
1672     for (auto thread : thread_list) {
1673       thread->GetStatus(*output_stream, 0, UINT32_MAX, 0, stop_format);
1674     }
1675 
1676     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1677 
1678     return true;
1679   }
1680 };
1681 
1682 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1683 // CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1684 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1685 #pragma mark CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1686 
1687 class CommandObjectMemoryRegion : public CommandObjectParsed {
1688 public:
1689   CommandObjectMemoryRegion(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1690       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory region",
1691                             "Get information on the memory region containing "
1692                             "an address in the current target process.",
1693                             "memory region ADDR",
1694                             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandTryTargetAPILock |
1695                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1696         m_prev_end_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}
1697 
1698   ~CommandObjectMemoryRegion() override = default;
1699 
1700 protected:
1701   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1702     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1703     if (process_sp) {
1704       Status error;
1705       lldb::addr_t load_addr = m_prev_end_addr;
1706       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1707 
1708       const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1709       if (argc > 1 || (argc == 0 && load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)) {
1710         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("'%s' takes one argument:\nUsage: %s\n",
1711                                      m_cmd_name.c_str(), m_cmd_syntax.c_str());
1712         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1713       } else {
1714         if (command.GetArgumentCount() == 1) {
1715           auto load_addr_str = command[0].ref;
1716           load_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, load_addr_str,
1717                                                  LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1718           if (error.Fail() || load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1719             result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1720                 "invalid address argument \"%s\": %s\n", command[0].c_str(),
1721                 error.AsCString());
1722             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1723           }
1724         }
1725 
1726         lldb_private::MemoryRegionInfo range_info;
1727         error = process_sp->GetMemoryRegionInfo(load_addr, range_info);
1728         if (error.Success()) {
1729           lldb_private::Address addr;
1730           ConstString name = range_info.GetName();
1731           ConstString section_name;
1732           if (process_sp->GetTarget().ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr, addr)) {
1733             SectionSP section_sp(addr.GetSection());
1734             if (section_sp) {
1735               // Got the top most section, not the deepest section
1736               while (section_sp->GetParent())
1737                 section_sp = section_sp->GetParent();
1738               section_name = section_sp->GetName();
1739             }
1740           }
1741           result.AppendMessageWithFormat(
1742               "[0x%16.16" PRIx64 "-0x%16.16" PRIx64 ") %c%c%c%s%s%s%s\n",
1743               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeBase(),
1744               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd(),
1745               range_info.GetReadable() ? 'r' : '-',
1746               range_info.GetWritable() ? 'w' : '-',
1747               range_info.GetExecutable() ? 'x' : '-',
1748               name ? " " : "", name.AsCString(""),
1749               section_name ? " " : "", section_name.AsCString(""));
1750           m_prev_end_addr = range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd();
1751           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1752         } else {
1753           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1754           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s\n", error.AsCString());
1755         }
1756       }
1757     } else {
1758       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1759       result.AppendError("invalid process");
1760       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1761     }
1762     return result.Succeeded();
1763   }
1764 
1765   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1766                                uint32_t index) override {
1767     // If we repeat this command, repeat it without any arguments so we can
1768     // show the next memory range
1769     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1770   }
1771 
1772   lldb::addr_t m_prev_end_addr;
1773 };
1774 
1775 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1776 // CommandObjectMemory
1777 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1778 
1779 CommandObjectMemory::CommandObjectMemory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1780     : CommandObjectMultiword(
1781           interpreter, "memory",
1782           "Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.",
1783           "memory <subcommand> [<subcommand-options>]") {
1784   LoadSubCommand("find",
1785                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryFind(interpreter)));
1786   LoadSubCommand("read",
1787                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRead(interpreter)));
1788   LoadSubCommand("write",
1789                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryWrite(interpreter)));
1790   LoadSubCommand("history",
1791                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryHistory(interpreter)));
1792   LoadSubCommand("region",
1793                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRegion(interpreter)));
1794 }
1795 
1796 CommandObjectMemory::~CommandObjectMemory() = default;
1797