1 //===-- CommandObjectMemory.cpp ---------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 
10 // C Includes
11 #include <inttypes.h>
12 
13 // C++ Includes
14 // Other libraries and framework includes
15 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
16 
17 // Project includes
18 #include "CommandObjectMemory.h"
19 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangPersistentVariables.h"
20 #include "lldb/Core/Debugger.h"
21 #include "lldb/Core/DumpDataExtractor.h"
22 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
23 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h"
24 #include "lldb/Core/ValueObjectMemory.h"
25 #include "lldb/DataFormatters/ValueObjectPrinter.h"
26 #include "lldb/Host/OptionParser.h"
27 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandInterpreter.h"
28 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandReturnObject.h"
29 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionArgParser.h"
30 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupFormat.h"
31 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupOutputFile.h"
32 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay.h"
33 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueString.h"
34 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Options.h"
35 #include "lldb/Symbol/ClangASTContext.h"
36 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolFile.h"
37 #include "lldb/Symbol/TypeList.h"
38 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryHistory.h"
39 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryRegionInfo.h"
40 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
41 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
42 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
43 #include "lldb/Utility/Args.h"
44 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferHeap.h"
45 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferLLVM.h"
46 #include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
47 
48 #include "lldb/lldb-private.h"
49 
50 using namespace lldb;
51 using namespace lldb_private;
52 
53 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_read_memory_options[] = {
54     // clang-format off
55   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "num-per-line", 'l', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNumberPerLine, "The number of items per line to display." },
56   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2, false, "binary",       'b', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "If true, memory will be saved as binary. If false, the memory is saved save as an ASCII dump that "
57                                                                                                                             "uses the format, size, count and number per line settings." },
58   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, true , "type",         't', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "The name of a type to view memory as." },
59   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "offset",       'E', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeCount,         "How many elements of the specified type to skip before starting to display data." },
60   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1 |
61    LLDB_OPT_SET_2 |
62    LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "force",        'r', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "Necessary if reading over target.max-memory-read-size bytes." },
63     // clang-format on
64 };
65 
66 class OptionGroupReadMemory : public OptionGroup {
67 public:
68   OptionGroupReadMemory()
69       : m_num_per_line(1, 1), m_output_as_binary(false), m_view_as_type(),
70         m_offset(0, 0) {}
71 
72   ~OptionGroupReadMemory() override = default;
73 
74   llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
75     return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_read_memory_options);
76   }
77 
78   Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
79                         ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
80     Status error;
81     const int short_option = g_read_memory_options[option_idx].short_option;
82 
83     switch (short_option) {
84     case 'l':
85       error = m_num_per_line.SetValueFromString(option_value);
86       if (m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue() == 0)
87         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
88             "invalid value for --num-per-line option '%s'",
89             option_value.str().c_str());
90       break;
91 
92     case 'b':
93       m_output_as_binary = true;
94       break;
95 
96     case 't':
97       error = m_view_as_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
98       break;
99 
100     case 'r':
101       m_force = true;
102       break;
103 
104     case 'E':
105       error = m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value);
106       break;
107 
108     default:
109       error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
110                                      short_option);
111       break;
112     }
113     return error;
114   }
115 
116   void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
117     m_num_per_line.Clear();
118     m_output_as_binary = false;
119     m_view_as_type.Clear();
120     m_force = false;
121     m_offset.Clear();
122   }
123 
124   Status FinalizeSettings(Target *target, OptionGroupFormat &format_options) {
125     Status error;
126     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
127     OptionValueUInt64 &count_value = format_options.GetCountValue();
128     const bool byte_size_option_set = byte_size_value.OptionWasSet();
129     const bool num_per_line_option_set = m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet();
130     const bool count_option_set = format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet();
131 
132     switch (format_options.GetFormat()) {
133     default:
134       break;
135 
136     case eFormatBoolean:
137       if (!byte_size_option_set)
138         byte_size_value = 1;
139       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
140         m_num_per_line = 1;
141       if (!count_option_set)
142         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
143       break;
144 
145     case eFormatCString:
146       break;
147 
148     case eFormatInstruction:
149       if (count_option_set)
150         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetMaximumOpcodeByteSize();
151       m_num_per_line = 1;
152       break;
153 
154     case eFormatAddressInfo:
155       if (!byte_size_option_set)
156         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
157       m_num_per_line = 1;
158       if (!count_option_set)
159         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
160       break;
161 
162     case eFormatPointer:
163       byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
164       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
165         m_num_per_line = 4;
166       if (!count_option_set)
167         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
168       break;
169 
170     case eFormatBinary:
171     case eFormatFloat:
172     case eFormatOctal:
173     case eFormatDecimal:
174     case eFormatEnum:
175     case eFormatUnicode16:
176     case eFormatUnicode32:
177     case eFormatUnsigned:
178     case eFormatHexFloat:
179       if (!byte_size_option_set)
180         byte_size_value = 4;
181       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
182         m_num_per_line = 1;
183       if (!count_option_set)
184         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
185       break;
186 
187     case eFormatBytes:
188     case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
189       if (byte_size_option_set) {
190         if (byte_size_value > 1)
191           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
192               "display format (bytes/bytes with ASCII) conflicts with the "
193               "specified byte size %" PRIu64 "\n"
194               "\tconsider using a different display format or don't specify "
195               "the byte size.",
196               byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue());
197       } else
198         byte_size_value = 1;
199       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
200         m_num_per_line = 16;
201       if (!count_option_set)
202         format_options.GetCountValue() = 32;
203       break;
204 
205     case eFormatCharArray:
206     case eFormatChar:
207     case eFormatCharPrintable:
208       if (!byte_size_option_set)
209         byte_size_value = 1;
210       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
211         m_num_per_line = 32;
212       if (!count_option_set)
213         format_options.GetCountValue() = 64;
214       break;
215 
216     case eFormatComplex:
217       if (!byte_size_option_set)
218         byte_size_value = 8;
219       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
220         m_num_per_line = 1;
221       if (!count_option_set)
222         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
223       break;
224 
225     case eFormatComplexInteger:
226       if (!byte_size_option_set)
227         byte_size_value = 8;
228       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
229         m_num_per_line = 1;
230       if (!count_option_set)
231         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
232       break;
233 
234     case eFormatHex:
235       if (!byte_size_option_set)
236         byte_size_value = 4;
237       if (!num_per_line_option_set) {
238         switch (byte_size_value) {
239         case 1:
240         case 2:
241           m_num_per_line = 8;
242           break;
243         case 4:
244           m_num_per_line = 4;
245           break;
246         case 8:
247           m_num_per_line = 2;
248           break;
249         default:
250           m_num_per_line = 1;
251           break;
252         }
253       }
254       if (!count_option_set)
255         count_value = 8;
256       break;
257 
258     case eFormatVectorOfChar:
259     case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
260     case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
261     case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
262     case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
263     case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
264     case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
265     case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
266     case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
267     case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
268     case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
269     case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
270     case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
271       if (!byte_size_option_set)
272         byte_size_value = 128;
273       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
274         m_num_per_line = 1;
275       if (!count_option_set)
276         count_value = 4;
277       break;
278     }
279     return error;
280   }
281 
282   bool AnyOptionWasSet() const {
283     return m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet() || m_output_as_binary ||
284            m_view_as_type.OptionWasSet() || m_offset.OptionWasSet();
285   }
286 
287   OptionValueUInt64 m_num_per_line;
288   bool m_output_as_binary;
289   OptionValueString m_view_as_type;
290   bool m_force;
291   OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
292 };
293 
294 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
295 // Read memory from the inferior process
296 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
297 class CommandObjectMemoryRead : public CommandObjectParsed {
298 public:
299   CommandObjectMemoryRead(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
300       : CommandObjectParsed(
301             interpreter, "memory read",
302             "Read from the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
303             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandProcessMustBePaused),
304         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
305         m_memory_options(), m_outfile_options(), m_varobj_options(),
306         m_next_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_prev_byte_size(0),
307         m_prev_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
308         m_prev_memory_options(), m_prev_outfile_options(),
309         m_prev_varobj_options() {
310     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
311     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
312     CommandArgumentData start_addr_arg;
313     CommandArgumentData end_addr_arg;
314 
315     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
316     start_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
317     start_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
318 
319     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
320     // argument entry.
321     arg1.push_back(start_addr_arg);
322 
323     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
324     end_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
325     end_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatOptional;
326 
327     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
328     // argument entry.
329     arg2.push_back(end_addr_arg);
330 
331     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
332     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
333     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
334 
335     // Add the "--format" and "--count" options to group 1 and 3
336     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
337                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT |
338                               OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_COUNT,
339                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
340     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
341                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_GDB_FMT,
342                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
343     // Add the "--size" option to group 1 and 2
344     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
345                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
346                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
347     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
348     m_option_group.Append(&m_outfile_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL,
349                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
350     m_option_group.Append(&m_varobj_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
351     m_option_group.Finalize();
352   }
353 
354   ~CommandObjectMemoryRead() override = default;
355 
356   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
357 
358   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
359                                uint32_t index) override {
360     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
361   }
362 
363 protected:
364   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
365     // No need to check "target" for validity as eCommandRequiresTarget ensures
366     // it is valid
367     Target *target = m_exe_ctx.GetTargetPtr();
368 
369     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
370 
371     if ((argc == 0 && m_next_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) || argc > 2) {
372       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes a start address expression with "
373                                    "an optional end address expression.\n",
374                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
375       result.AppendRawWarning("Expressions should be quoted if they contain "
376                               "spaces or other special characters.\n");
377       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
378       return false;
379     }
380 
381     CompilerType clang_ast_type;
382     Status error;
383 
384     const char *view_as_type_cstr =
385         m_memory_options.m_view_as_type.GetCurrentValue();
386     if (view_as_type_cstr && view_as_type_cstr[0]) {
387       // We are viewing memory as a type
388 
389       SymbolContext sc;
390       const bool exact_match = false;
391       TypeList type_list;
392       uint32_t reference_count = 0;
393       uint32_t pointer_count = 0;
394       size_t idx;
395 
396 #define ALL_KEYWORDS                                                           \
397   KEYWORD("const")                                                             \
398   KEYWORD("volatile")                                                          \
399   KEYWORD("restrict")                                                          \
400   KEYWORD("struct")                                                            \
401   KEYWORD("class")                                                             \
402   KEYWORD("union")
403 
404 #define KEYWORD(s) s,
405       static const char *g_keywords[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
406 #undef KEYWORD
407 
408 #define KEYWORD(s) (sizeof(s) - 1),
409       static const int g_keyword_lengths[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
410 #undef KEYWORD
411 
412 #undef ALL_KEYWORDS
413 
414       static size_t g_num_keywords = sizeof(g_keywords) / sizeof(const char *);
415       std::string type_str(view_as_type_cstr);
416 
417       // Remove all instances of g_keywords that are followed by spaces
418       for (size_t i = 0; i < g_num_keywords; ++i) {
419         const char *keyword = g_keywords[i];
420         int keyword_len = g_keyword_lengths[i];
421 
422         idx = 0;
423         while ((idx = type_str.find(keyword, idx)) != std::string::npos) {
424           if (type_str[idx + keyword_len] == ' ' ||
425               type_str[idx + keyword_len] == '\t') {
426             type_str.erase(idx, keyword_len + 1);
427             idx = 0;
428           } else {
429             idx += keyword_len;
430           }
431         }
432       }
433       bool done = type_str.empty();
434       //
435       idx = type_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
436       if (idx > 0 && idx != std::string::npos)
437         type_str.erase(0, idx);
438       while (!done) {
439         // Strip trailing spaces
440         if (type_str.empty())
441           done = true;
442         else {
443           switch (type_str[type_str.size() - 1]) {
444           case '*':
445             ++pointer_count;
446             LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
447           case ' ':
448           case '\t':
449             type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
450             break;
451 
452           case '&':
453             if (reference_count == 0) {
454               reference_count = 1;
455               type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
456             } else {
457               result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid type string: '%s'\n",
458                                            view_as_type_cstr);
459               result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
460               return false;
461             }
462             break;
463 
464           default:
465             done = true;
466             break;
467           }
468         }
469       }
470 
471       llvm::DenseSet<lldb_private::SymbolFile *> searched_symbol_files;
472       ConstString lookup_type_name(type_str.c_str());
473       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
474       if (frame) {
475         sc = frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextModule);
476         if (sc.module_sp) {
477           sc.module_sp->FindTypes(sc, lookup_type_name, exact_match, 1,
478                                   searched_symbol_files, type_list);
479         }
480       }
481       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
482         target->GetImages().FindTypes(sc, lookup_type_name, exact_match, 1,
483                                       searched_symbol_files, type_list);
484       }
485 
486       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0 && lookup_type_name.GetCString() &&
487           *lookup_type_name.GetCString() == '$') {
488         if (ClangPersistentVariables *persistent_vars =
489                 llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<ClangPersistentVariables>(
490                     target->GetPersistentExpressionStateForLanguage(
491                         lldb::eLanguageTypeC))) {
492           clang::TypeDecl *tdecl = llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<clang::TypeDecl>(
493               persistent_vars->GetPersistentDecl(
494                   ConstString(lookup_type_name)));
495 
496           if (tdecl) {
497             clang_ast_type.SetCompilerType(
498                 ClangASTContext::GetASTContext(&tdecl->getASTContext()),
499                 reinterpret_cast<lldb::opaque_compiler_type_t>(
500                     const_cast<clang::Type *>(tdecl->getTypeForDecl())));
501           }
502         }
503       }
504 
505       if (!clang_ast_type.IsValid()) {
506         if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
507           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("unable to find any types that match "
508                                        "the raw type '%s' for full type '%s'\n",
509                                        lookup_type_name.GetCString(),
510                                        view_as_type_cstr);
511           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
512           return false;
513         } else {
514           TypeSP type_sp(type_list.GetTypeAtIndex(0));
515           clang_ast_type = type_sp->GetFullCompilerType();
516         }
517       }
518 
519       while (pointer_count > 0) {
520         CompilerType pointer_type = clang_ast_type.GetPointerType();
521         if (pointer_type.IsValid())
522           clang_ast_type = pointer_type;
523         else {
524           result.AppendError("unable make a pointer type\n");
525           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
526           return false;
527         }
528         --pointer_count;
529       }
530 
531       m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
532 
533       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() == 0) {
534         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
535             "unable to get the byte size of the type '%s'\n",
536             view_as_type_cstr);
537         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
538         return false;
539       }
540 
541       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
542         m_format_options.GetCountValue() = 1;
543     } else {
544       error = m_memory_options.FinalizeSettings(target, m_format_options);
545     }
546 
547     // Look for invalid combinations of settings
548     if (error.Fail()) {
549       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
550       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
551       return false;
552     }
553 
554     lldb::addr_t addr;
555     size_t total_byte_size = 0;
556     if (argc == 0) {
557       // Use the last address and byte size and all options as they were if no
558       // options have been set
559       addr = m_next_addr;
560       total_byte_size = m_prev_byte_size;
561       clang_ast_type = m_prev_clang_ast_type;
562       if (!m_format_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
563           !m_memory_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
564           !m_outfile_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
565           !m_varobj_options.AnyOptionWasSet()) {
566         m_format_options = m_prev_format_options;
567         m_memory_options = m_prev_memory_options;
568         m_outfile_options = m_prev_outfile_options;
569         m_varobj_options = m_prev_varobj_options;
570       }
571     }
572 
573     size_t item_count = m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
574 
575     // TODO For non-8-bit byte addressable architectures this needs to be
576     // revisited to fully support all lldb's range of formatting options.
577     // Furthermore code memory reads (for those architectures) will not be
578     // correctly formatted even w/o formatting options.
579     size_t item_byte_size =
580         target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize() > 1
581             ? target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize()
582             : m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
583 
584     const size_t num_per_line =
585         m_memory_options.m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue();
586 
587     if (total_byte_size == 0) {
588       total_byte_size = item_count * item_byte_size;
589       if (total_byte_size == 0)
590         total_byte_size = 32;
591     }
592 
593     if (argc > 0)
594       addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref,
595                                         LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
596 
597     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
598       result.AppendError("invalid start address expression.");
599       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
600       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
601       return false;
602     }
603 
604     if (argc == 2) {
605       lldb::addr_t end_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
606           &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, nullptr);
607       if (end_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
608         result.AppendError("invalid end address expression.");
609         result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
610         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
611         return false;
612       } else if (end_addr <= addr) {
613         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
614             "end address (0x%" PRIx64
615             ") must be greater that the start address (0x%" PRIx64 ").\n",
616             end_addr, addr);
617         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
618         return false;
619       } else if (m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet()) {
620         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
621             "specify either the end address (0x%" PRIx64
622             ") or the count (--count %" PRIu64 "), not both.\n",
623             end_addr, (uint64_t)item_count);
624         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
625         return false;
626       }
627 
628       total_byte_size = end_addr - addr;
629       item_count = total_byte_size / item_byte_size;
630     }
631 
632     uint32_t max_unforced_size = target->GetMaximumMemReadSize();
633 
634     if (total_byte_size > max_unforced_size && !m_memory_options.m_force) {
635       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
636           "Normally, \'memory read\' will not read over %" PRIu32
637           " bytes of data.\n",
638           max_unforced_size);
639       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
640           "Please use --force to override this restriction just once.\n");
641       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("or set target.max-memory-read-size if you "
642                                    "will often need a larger limit.\n");
643       return false;
644     }
645 
646     DataBufferSP data_sp;
647     size_t bytes_read = 0;
648     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
649       // Make sure we don't display our type as ASCII bytes like the default
650       // memory read
651       if (!m_format_options.GetFormatValue().OptionWasSet())
652         m_format_options.GetFormatValue().SetCurrentValue(eFormatDefault);
653 
654       bytes_read = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr) *
655                    m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
656 
657       if (argc > 0)
658         addr = addr + (clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr) *
659                        m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue());
660     } else if (m_format_options.GetFormatValue().GetCurrentValue() !=
661                eFormatCString) {
662       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap(total_byte_size, '\0'));
663       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
664         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
665             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx32
666             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
667             (uint32_t)total_byte_size);
668         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
669         return false;
670       }
671 
672       Address address(addr, nullptr);
673       bytes_read = target->ReadMemory(address, false, data_sp->GetBytes(),
674                                       data_sp->GetByteSize(), error);
675       if (bytes_read == 0) {
676         const char *error_cstr = error.AsCString();
677         if (error_cstr && error_cstr[0]) {
678           result.AppendError(error_cstr);
679         } else {
680           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
681               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
682         }
683         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
684         return false;
685       }
686 
687       if (bytes_read < total_byte_size)
688         result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
689             "Not all bytes (%" PRIu64 "/%" PRIu64
690             ") were able to be read from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n",
691             (uint64_t)bytes_read, (uint64_t)total_byte_size, addr);
692     } else {
693       // we treat c-strings as a special case because they do not have a fixed
694       // size
695       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().OptionWasSet() &&
696           !m_format_options.HasGDBFormat())
697         item_byte_size = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
698       else
699         item_byte_size = target->GetMaximumSizeOfStringSummary();
700       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
701         item_count = 1;
702       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count,
703                                        '\0')); // account for NULLs as necessary
704       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
705         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
706             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx64
707             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
708             (uint64_t)((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count));
709         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
710         return false;
711       }
712       uint8_t *data_ptr = data_sp->GetBytes();
713       auto data_addr = addr;
714       auto count = item_count;
715       item_count = 0;
716       bool break_on_no_NULL = false;
717       while (item_count < count) {
718         std::string buffer;
719         buffer.resize(item_byte_size + 1, 0);
720         Status error;
721         size_t read = target->ReadCStringFromMemory(data_addr, &buffer[0],
722                                                     item_byte_size + 1, error);
723         if (error.Fail()) {
724           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
725               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
726           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
727           return false;
728         }
729 
730         if (item_byte_size == read) {
731           result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
732               "unable to find a NULL terminated string at 0x%" PRIx64
733               ".Consider increasing the maximum read length.\n",
734               data_addr);
735           --read;
736           break_on_no_NULL = true;
737         } else
738           ++read; // account for final NULL byte
739 
740         memcpy(data_ptr, &buffer[0], read);
741         data_ptr += read;
742         data_addr += read;
743         bytes_read += read;
744         item_count++; // if we break early we know we only read item_count
745                       // strings
746 
747         if (break_on_no_NULL)
748           break;
749       }
750       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read + 1));
751     }
752 
753     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_read;
754     m_prev_byte_size = bytes_read;
755     m_prev_format_options = m_format_options;
756     m_prev_memory_options = m_memory_options;
757     m_prev_outfile_options = m_outfile_options;
758     m_prev_varobj_options = m_varobj_options;
759     m_prev_clang_ast_type = clang_ast_type;
760 
761     StreamFile outfile_stream;
762     Stream *output_stream = nullptr;
763     const FileSpec &outfile_spec =
764         m_outfile_options.GetFile().GetCurrentValue();
765 
766     std::string path = outfile_spec.GetPath();
767     if (outfile_spec) {
768 
769       uint32_t open_options =
770           File::eOpenOptionWrite | File::eOpenOptionCanCreate;
771       const bool append = m_outfile_options.GetAppend().GetCurrentValue();
772       if (append)
773         open_options |= File::eOpenOptionAppend;
774 
775       Status error = FileSystem::Instance().Open(outfile_stream.GetFile(),
776                                                  outfile_spec, open_options);
777       if (error.Success()) {
778         if (m_memory_options.m_output_as_binary) {
779           const size_t bytes_written =
780               outfile_stream.Write(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read);
781           if (bytes_written > 0) {
782             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
783                 "%zi bytes %s to '%s'\n", bytes_written,
784                 append ? "appended" : "written", path.c_str());
785             return true;
786           } else {
787             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to write %" PRIu64
788                                          " bytes to '%s'.\n",
789                                          (uint64_t)bytes_read, path.c_str());
790             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
791             return false;
792           }
793         } else {
794           // We are going to write ASCII to the file just point the
795           // output_stream to our outfile_stream...
796           output_stream = &outfile_stream;
797         }
798       } else {
799         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to open file '%s' for %s.\n",
800                                      path.c_str(), append ? "append" : "write");
801         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
802         return false;
803       }
804     } else {
805       output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
806     }
807 
808     ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope = m_exe_ctx.GetBestExecutionContextScope();
809     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
810       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < item_count; ++i) {
811         addr_t item_addr = addr + (i * item_byte_size);
812         Address address(item_addr);
813         StreamString name_strm;
814         name_strm.Printf("0x%" PRIx64, item_addr);
815         ValueObjectSP valobj_sp(ValueObjectMemory::Create(
816             exe_scope, name_strm.GetString(), address, clang_ast_type));
817         if (valobj_sp) {
818           Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
819           if (format != eFormatDefault)
820             valobj_sp->SetFormat(format);
821 
822           DumpValueObjectOptions options(m_varobj_options.GetAsDumpOptions(
823               eLanguageRuntimeDescriptionDisplayVerbosityFull, format));
824 
825           valobj_sp->Dump(*output_stream, options);
826         } else {
827           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
828               "failed to create a value object for: (%s) %s\n",
829               view_as_type_cstr, name_strm.GetData());
830           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
831           return false;
832         }
833       }
834       return true;
835     }
836 
837     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
838     DataExtractor data(data_sp, target->GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder(),
839                        target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
840                        target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize());
841 
842     Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
843     if (((format == eFormatChar) || (format == eFormatCharPrintable)) &&
844         (item_byte_size != 1)) {
845       // if a count was not passed, or it is 1
846       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet() || item_count == 1) {
847         // this turns requests such as
848         // memory read -fc -s10 -c1 *charPtrPtr
849         // which make no sense (what is a char of size 10?) into a request for
850         // fetching 10 chars of size 1 from the same memory location
851         format = eFormatCharArray;
852         item_count = item_byte_size;
853         item_byte_size = 1;
854       } else {
855         // here we passed a count, and it was not 1 so we have a byte_size and
856         // a count we could well multiply those, but instead let's just fail
857         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
858             "reading memory as characters of size %" PRIu64 " is not supported",
859             (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
860         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
861         return false;
862       }
863     }
864 
865     assert(output_stream);
866     size_t bytes_dumped = DumpDataExtractor(
867         data, output_stream, 0, format, item_byte_size, item_count,
868         num_per_line / target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize(), addr, 0, 0,
869         exe_scope);
870     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_dumped;
871     output_stream->EOL();
872     return true;
873   }
874 
875   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
876   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
877   OptionGroupReadMemory m_memory_options;
878   OptionGroupOutputFile m_outfile_options;
879   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_varobj_options;
880   lldb::addr_t m_next_addr;
881   lldb::addr_t m_prev_byte_size;
882   OptionGroupFormat m_prev_format_options;
883   OptionGroupReadMemory m_prev_memory_options;
884   OptionGroupOutputFile m_prev_outfile_options;
885   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_prev_varobj_options;
886   CompilerType m_prev_clang_ast_type;
887 };
888 
889 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_memory_find_option_table[] = {
890     // clang-format off
891   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1,   true,  "expression",  'e', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeExpression, "Evaluate an expression to obtain a byte pattern."},
892   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2,   true,  "string",      's', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeName,       "Use text to find a byte pattern."},
893   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "count",       'c', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeCount,      "How many times to perform the search."},
894   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "dump-offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeOffset,     "When dumping memory for a match, an offset from the match location to start dumping from."},
895     // clang-format on
896 };
897 
898 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
899 // Find the specified data in memory
900 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
901 class CommandObjectMemoryFind : public CommandObjectParsed {
902 public:
903   class OptionGroupFindMemory : public OptionGroup {
904   public:
905     OptionGroupFindMemory() : OptionGroup(), m_count(1), m_offset(0) {}
906 
907     ~OptionGroupFindMemory() override = default;
908 
909     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
910       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_find_option_table);
911     }
912 
913     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
914                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
915       Status error;
916       const int short_option =
917           g_memory_find_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
918 
919       switch (short_option) {
920       case 'e':
921         m_expr.SetValueFromString(option_value);
922         break;
923 
924       case 's':
925         m_string.SetValueFromString(option_value);
926         break;
927 
928       case 'c':
929         if (m_count.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
930           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for count");
931         break;
932 
933       case 'o':
934         if (m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
935           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for dump-offset");
936         break;
937 
938       default:
939         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
940                                        short_option);
941         break;
942       }
943       return error;
944     }
945 
946     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
947       m_expr.Clear();
948       m_string.Clear();
949       m_count.Clear();
950     }
951 
952     OptionValueString m_expr;
953     OptionValueString m_string;
954     OptionValueUInt64 m_count;
955     OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
956   };
957 
958   CommandObjectMemoryFind(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
959       : CommandObjectParsed(
960             interpreter, "memory find",
961             "Find a value in the memory of the current target process.",
962             nullptr, eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
963         m_option_group(), m_memory_options() {
964     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
965     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
966     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
967     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
968 
969     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
970     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
971     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
972 
973     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
974     // argument entry.
975     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
976 
977     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
978     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
979     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
980 
981     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
982     // argument entry.
983     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
984 
985     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
986     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
987     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
988 
989     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
990     m_option_group.Finalize();
991   }
992 
993   ~CommandObjectMemoryFind() override = default;
994 
995   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
996 
997 protected:
998   class ProcessMemoryIterator {
999   public:
1000     ProcessMemoryIterator(ProcessSP process_sp, lldb::addr_t base)
1001         : m_process_sp(process_sp), m_base_addr(base), m_is_valid(true) {
1002       lldbassert(process_sp.get() != nullptr);
1003     }
1004 
1005     bool IsValid() { return m_is_valid; }
1006 
1007     uint8_t operator[](lldb::addr_t offset) {
1008       if (!IsValid())
1009         return 0;
1010 
1011       uint8_t retval = 0;
1012       Status error;
1013       if (0 ==
1014           m_process_sp->ReadMemory(m_base_addr + offset, &retval, 1, error)) {
1015         m_is_valid = false;
1016         return 0;
1017       }
1018 
1019       return retval;
1020     }
1021 
1022   private:
1023     ProcessSP m_process_sp;
1024     lldb::addr_t m_base_addr;
1025     bool m_is_valid;
1026   };
1027   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1028     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1029     // ensures it is valid
1030     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1031 
1032     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1033 
1034     if (argc != 2) {
1035       result.AppendError("two addresses needed for memory find");
1036       return false;
1037     }
1038 
1039     Status error;
1040     lldb::addr_t low_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1041         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1042     if (low_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1043       result.AppendError("invalid low address");
1044       return false;
1045     }
1046     lldb::addr_t high_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1047         &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1048     if (high_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1049       result.AppendError("invalid high address");
1050       return false;
1051     }
1052 
1053     if (high_addr <= low_addr) {
1054       result.AppendError(
1055           "starting address must be smaller than ending address");
1056       return false;
1057     }
1058 
1059     lldb::addr_t found_location = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1060 
1061     DataBufferHeap buffer;
1062 
1063     if (m_memory_options.m_string.OptionWasSet())
1064       buffer.CopyData(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue());
1065     else if (m_memory_options.m_expr.OptionWasSet()) {
1066       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
1067       ValueObjectSP result_sp;
1068       if ((eExpressionCompleted ==
1069            process->GetTarget().EvaluateExpression(
1070                m_memory_options.m_expr.GetStringValue(), frame, result_sp)) &&
1071           result_sp) {
1072         uint64_t value = result_sp->GetValueAsUnsigned(0);
1073         switch (result_sp->GetCompilerType().GetByteSize(nullptr)) {
1074         case 1: {
1075           uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)value;
1076           buffer.CopyData(&byte, 1);
1077         } break;
1078         case 2: {
1079           uint16_t word = (uint16_t)value;
1080           buffer.CopyData(&word, 2);
1081         } break;
1082         case 4: {
1083           uint32_t lword = (uint32_t)value;
1084           buffer.CopyData(&lword, 4);
1085         } break;
1086         case 8: {
1087           buffer.CopyData(&value, 8);
1088         } break;
1089         case 3:
1090         case 5:
1091         case 6:
1092         case 7:
1093           result.AppendError("unknown type. pass a string instead");
1094           return false;
1095         default:
1096           result.AppendError(
1097               "result size larger than 8 bytes. pass a string instead");
1098           return false;
1099         }
1100       } else {
1101         result.AppendError(
1102             "expression evaluation failed. pass a string instead");
1103         return false;
1104       }
1105     } else {
1106       result.AppendError(
1107           "please pass either a block of text, or an expression to evaluate.");
1108       return false;
1109     }
1110 
1111     size_t count = m_memory_options.m_count.GetCurrentValue();
1112     found_location = low_addr;
1113     bool ever_found = false;
1114     while (count) {
1115       found_location = FastSearch(found_location, high_addr, buffer.GetBytes(),
1116                                   buffer.GetByteSize());
1117       if (found_location == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1118         if (!ever_found) {
1119           result.AppendMessage("data not found within the range.\n");
1120           result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishNoResult);
1121         } else
1122           result.AppendMessage("no more matches within the range.\n");
1123         break;
1124       }
1125       result.AppendMessageWithFormat("data found at location: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1126                                      found_location);
1127 
1128       DataBufferHeap dumpbuffer(32, 0);
1129       process->ReadMemory(
1130           found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1131           dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), error);
1132       if (!error.Fail()) {
1133         DataExtractor data(dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(),
1134                            process->GetByteOrder(),
1135                            process->GetAddressByteSize());
1136         DumpDataExtractor(
1137             data, &result.GetOutputStream(), 0, lldb::eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1,
1138             dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), 16,
1139             found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(), 0, 0);
1140         result.GetOutputStream().EOL();
1141       }
1142 
1143       --count;
1144       found_location++;
1145       ever_found = true;
1146     }
1147 
1148     result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1149     return true;
1150   }
1151 
1152   lldb::addr_t FastSearch(lldb::addr_t low, lldb::addr_t high, uint8_t *buffer,
1153                           size_t buffer_size) {
1154     const size_t region_size = high - low;
1155 
1156     if (region_size < buffer_size)
1157       return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1158 
1159     std::vector<size_t> bad_char_heuristic(256, buffer_size);
1160     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1161     ProcessMemoryIterator iterator(process_sp, low);
1162 
1163     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < buffer_size - 1; idx++) {
1164       decltype(bad_char_heuristic)::size_type bcu_idx = buffer[idx];
1165       bad_char_heuristic[bcu_idx] = buffer_size - idx - 1;
1166     }
1167     for (size_t s = 0; s <= (region_size - buffer_size);) {
1168       int64_t j = buffer_size - 1;
1169       while (j >= 0 && buffer[j] == iterator[s + j])
1170         j--;
1171       if (j < 0)
1172         return low + s;
1173       else
1174         s += bad_char_heuristic[iterator[s + buffer_size - 1]];
1175     }
1176 
1177     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1178   }
1179 
1180   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1181   OptionGroupFindMemory m_memory_options;
1182 };
1183 
1184 static constexpr OptionDefinition g_memory_write_option_table[] = {
1185     // clang-format off
1186   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, true,  "infile", 'i', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeFilename, "Write memory using the contents of a file."},
1187   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, {}, 0, eArgTypeOffset,   "Start writing bytes from an offset within the input file."},
1188     // clang-format on
1189 };
1190 
1191 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1192 // Write memory to the inferior process
1193 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1194 class CommandObjectMemoryWrite : public CommandObjectParsed {
1195 public:
1196   class OptionGroupWriteMemory : public OptionGroup {
1197   public:
1198     OptionGroupWriteMemory() : OptionGroup() {}
1199 
1200     ~OptionGroupWriteMemory() override = default;
1201 
1202     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
1203       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_write_option_table);
1204     }
1205 
1206     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
1207                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1208       Status error;
1209       const int short_option =
1210           g_memory_write_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
1211 
1212       switch (short_option) {
1213       case 'i':
1214         m_infile.SetFile(option_value, FileSpec::Style::native);
1215         FileSystem::Instance().Resolve(m_infile);
1216         if (!FileSystem::Instance().Exists(m_infile)) {
1217           m_infile.Clear();
1218           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("input file does not exist: '%s'",
1219                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1220         }
1221         break;
1222 
1223       case 'o': {
1224         if (option_value.getAsInteger(0, m_infile_offset)) {
1225           m_infile_offset = 0;
1226           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("invalid offset string '%s'",
1227                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1228         }
1229       } break;
1230 
1231       default:
1232         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
1233                                        short_option);
1234         break;
1235       }
1236       return error;
1237     }
1238 
1239     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1240       m_infile.Clear();
1241       m_infile_offset = 0;
1242     }
1243 
1244     FileSpec m_infile;
1245     off_t m_infile_offset;
1246   };
1247 
1248   CommandObjectMemoryWrite(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1249       : CommandObjectParsed(
1250             interpreter, "memory write",
1251             "Write to the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
1252             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1253         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytes, 1, UINT64_MAX),
1254         m_memory_options() {
1255     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1256     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
1257     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1258     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
1259 
1260     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1261     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1262     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1263 
1264     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1265     // argument entry.
1266     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1267 
1268     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1269     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeValue;
1270     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlus;
1271 
1272     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1273     // argument entry.
1274     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
1275 
1276     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1277     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1278     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
1279 
1280     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1281                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT,
1282                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1);
1283     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1284                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
1285                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1286     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1287     m_option_group.Finalize();
1288   }
1289 
1290   ~CommandObjectMemoryWrite() override = default;
1291 
1292   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
1293 
1294   bool UIntValueIsValidForSize(uint64_t uval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1295     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1296       return false;
1297 
1298     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1299       return true;
1300 
1301     const uint64_t max = ((uint64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8)) - 1;
1302     return uval64 <= max;
1303   }
1304 
1305   bool SIntValueIsValidForSize(int64_t sval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1306     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1307       return false;
1308 
1309     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1310       return true;
1311 
1312     const int64_t max = ((int64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8 - 1)) - 1;
1313     const int64_t min = ~(max);
1314     return min <= sval64 && sval64 <= max;
1315   }
1316 
1317 protected:
1318   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1319     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1320     // ensures it is valid
1321     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1322 
1323     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1324 
1325     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1326       if (argc < 1) {
1327         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1328             "%s takes a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1329             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1330         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1331         return false;
1332       }
1333     } else if (argc < 2) {
1334       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1335           "%s takes a destination address and at least one value.\n",
1336           m_cmd_name.c_str());
1337       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1338       return false;
1339     }
1340 
1341     StreamString buffer(
1342         Stream::eBinary,
1343         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
1344         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder());
1345 
1346     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
1347     size_t item_byte_size = byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue();
1348 
1349     Status error;
1350     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1351         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1352 
1353     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1354       result.AppendError("invalid address expression\n");
1355       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1356       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1357       return false;
1358     }
1359 
1360     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1361       size_t length = SIZE_MAX;
1362       if (item_byte_size > 1)
1363         length = item_byte_size;
1364       auto data_sp = DataBufferLLVM::CreateSliceFromPath(
1365           m_memory_options.m_infile.GetPath(), length,
1366           m_memory_options.m_infile_offset);
1367       if (data_sp) {
1368         length = data_sp->GetByteSize();
1369         if (length > 0) {
1370           Status error;
1371           size_t bytes_written =
1372               process->WriteMemory(addr, data_sp->GetBytes(), length, error);
1373 
1374           if (bytes_written == length) {
1375             // All bytes written
1376             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1377                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1378                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, addr);
1379             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1380           } else if (bytes_written > 0) {
1381             // Some byte written
1382             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1383                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes of %" PRIu64
1384                 " requested were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1385                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, (uint64_t)length, addr);
1386             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1387           } else {
1388             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1389                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1390                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1391             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1392           }
1393         }
1394       } else {
1395         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Unable to read contents of file.\n");
1396         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1397       }
1398       return result.Succeeded();
1399     } else if (item_byte_size == 0) {
1400       if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatPointer)
1401         item_byte_size = buffer.GetAddressByteSize();
1402       else
1403         item_byte_size = 1;
1404     }
1405 
1406     command.Shift(); // shift off the address argument
1407     uint64_t uval64;
1408     int64_t sval64;
1409     bool success = false;
1410     for (auto &entry : command) {
1411       switch (m_format_options.GetFormat()) {
1412       case kNumFormats:
1413       case eFormatFloat: // TODO: add support for floats soon
1414       case eFormatCharPrintable:
1415       case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
1416       case eFormatComplex:
1417       case eFormatEnum:
1418       case eFormatUnicode16:
1419       case eFormatUnicode32:
1420       case eFormatVectorOfChar:
1421       case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
1422       case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
1423       case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
1424       case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
1425       case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
1426       case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
1427       case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
1428       case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
1429       case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
1430       case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
1431       case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
1432       case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
1433       case eFormatOSType:
1434       case eFormatComplexInteger:
1435       case eFormatAddressInfo:
1436       case eFormatHexFloat:
1437       case eFormatInstruction:
1438       case eFormatVoid:
1439         result.AppendError("unsupported format for writing memory");
1440         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1441         return false;
1442 
1443       case eFormatDefault:
1444       case eFormatBytes:
1445       case eFormatHex:
1446       case eFormatHexUppercase:
1447       case eFormatPointer:
1448       {
1449         // Decode hex bytes
1450         // Be careful, getAsInteger with a radix of 16 rejects "0xab" so we
1451         // have to special case that:
1452         bool success = false;
1453         if (entry.ref.startswith("0x"))
1454           success = !entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, uval64);
1455         if (!success)
1456           success = !entry.ref.getAsInteger(16, uval64);
1457         if (!success) {
1458           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1459               "'%s' is not a valid hex string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1460           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1461           return false;
1462         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1463           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1464                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1465                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1466                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1467           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1468           return false;
1469         }
1470         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1471         break;
1472       }
1473       case eFormatBoolean:
1474         uval64 = OptionArgParser::ToBoolean(entry.ref, false, &success);
1475         if (!success) {
1476           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1477               "'%s' is not a valid boolean string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1478           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1479           return false;
1480         }
1481         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1482         break;
1483 
1484       case eFormatBinary:
1485         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(2, uval64)) {
1486           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1487               "'%s' is not a valid binary string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1488           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1489           return false;
1490         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1491           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1492                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1493                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1494                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1495           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1496           return false;
1497         }
1498         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1499         break;
1500 
1501       case eFormatCharArray:
1502       case eFormatChar:
1503       case eFormatCString: {
1504         if (entry.ref.empty())
1505           break;
1506 
1507         size_t len = entry.ref.size();
1508         // Include the NULL for C strings...
1509         if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatCString)
1510           ++len;
1511         Status error;
1512         if (process->WriteMemory(addr, entry.c_str(), len, error) == len) {
1513           addr += len;
1514         } else {
1515           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1516                                        " failed: %s.\n",
1517                                        addr, error.AsCString());
1518           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1519           return false;
1520         }
1521         break;
1522       }
1523       case eFormatDecimal:
1524         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, sval64)) {
1525           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1526               "'%s' is not a valid signed decimal value.\n", entry.c_str());
1527           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1528           return false;
1529         } else if (!SIntValueIsValidForSize(sval64, item_byte_size)) {
1530           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1531               "Value %" PRIi64 " is too large or small to fit in a %" PRIu64
1532               " byte signed integer value.\n",
1533               sval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1534           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1535           return false;
1536         }
1537         buffer.PutMaxHex64(sval64, item_byte_size);
1538         break;
1539 
1540       case eFormatUnsigned:
1541 
1542         if (!entry.ref.getAsInteger(0, uval64)) {
1543           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1544               "'%s' is not a valid unsigned decimal string value.\n",
1545               entry.c_str());
1546           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1547           return false;
1548         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1549           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIu64
1550                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1551                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1552                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1553           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1554           return false;
1555         }
1556         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1557         break;
1558 
1559       case eFormatOctal:
1560         if (entry.ref.getAsInteger(8, uval64)) {
1561           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1562               "'%s' is not a valid octal string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1563           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1564           return false;
1565         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1566           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIo64
1567                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1568                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1569                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1570           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1571           return false;
1572         }
1573         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1574         break;
1575       }
1576     }
1577 
1578     if (!buffer.GetString().empty()) {
1579       Status error;
1580       if (process->WriteMemory(addr, buffer.GetString().data(),
1581                                buffer.GetString().size(),
1582                                error) == buffer.GetString().size())
1583         return true;
1584       else {
1585         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1586                                      " failed: %s.\n",
1587                                      addr, error.AsCString());
1588         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1589         return false;
1590       }
1591     }
1592     return true;
1593   }
1594 
1595   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1596   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
1597   OptionGroupWriteMemory m_memory_options;
1598 };
1599 
1600 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1601 // Get malloc/free history of a memory address.
1602 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1603 class CommandObjectMemoryHistory : public CommandObjectParsed {
1604 public:
1605   CommandObjectMemoryHistory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1606       : CommandObjectParsed(
1607             interpreter, "memory history", "Print recorded stack traces for "
1608                                            "allocation/deallocation events "
1609                                            "associated with an address.",
1610             nullptr,
1611             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandRequiresProcess |
1612                 eCommandProcessMustBePaused | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
1613     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1614     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1615 
1616     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1617     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1618     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1619 
1620     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1621     // argument entry.
1622     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1623 
1624     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1625     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1626   }
1627 
1628   ~CommandObjectMemoryHistory() override = default;
1629 
1630   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1631                                uint32_t index) override {
1632     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1633   }
1634 
1635 protected:
1636   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1637     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1638 
1639     if (argc == 0 || argc > 1) {
1640       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes an address expression",
1641                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
1642       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1643       return false;
1644     }
1645 
1646     Status error;
1647     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1648         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref, LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1649 
1650     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1651       result.AppendError("invalid address expression");
1652       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1653       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1654       return false;
1655     }
1656 
1657     Stream *output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
1658 
1659     const ProcessSP &process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1660     const MemoryHistorySP &memory_history =
1661         MemoryHistory::FindPlugin(process_sp);
1662 
1663     if (!memory_history) {
1664       result.AppendError("no available memory history provider");
1665       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1666       return false;
1667     }
1668 
1669     HistoryThreads thread_list = memory_history->GetHistoryThreads(addr);
1670 
1671     const bool stop_format = false;
1672     for (auto thread : thread_list) {
1673       thread->GetStatus(*output_stream, 0, UINT32_MAX, 0, stop_format);
1674     }
1675 
1676     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1677 
1678     return true;
1679   }
1680 };
1681 
1682 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1683 // CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1684 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1685 #pragma mark CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1686 
1687 class CommandObjectMemoryRegion : public CommandObjectParsed {
1688 public:
1689   CommandObjectMemoryRegion(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1690       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory region",
1691                             "Get information on the memory region containing "
1692                             "an address in the current target process.",
1693                             "memory region ADDR",
1694                             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandTryTargetAPILock |
1695                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1696         m_prev_end_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}
1697 
1698   ~CommandObjectMemoryRegion() override = default;
1699 
1700 protected:
1701   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1702     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1703     if (process_sp) {
1704       Status error;
1705       lldb::addr_t load_addr = m_prev_end_addr;
1706       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1707 
1708       const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1709       if (argc > 1 || (argc == 0 && load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)) {
1710         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("'%s' takes one argument:\nUsage: %s\n",
1711                                      m_cmd_name.c_str(), m_cmd_syntax.c_str());
1712         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1713       } else {
1714         if (command.GetArgumentCount() == 1) {
1715           auto load_addr_str = command[0].ref;
1716           load_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, load_addr_str,
1717                                                  LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1718           if (error.Fail() || load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1719             result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1720                 "invalid address argument \"%s\": %s\n", command[0].c_str(),
1721                 error.AsCString());
1722             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1723           }
1724         }
1725 
1726         lldb_private::MemoryRegionInfo range_info;
1727         error = process_sp->GetMemoryRegionInfo(load_addr, range_info);
1728         if (error.Success()) {
1729           lldb_private::Address addr;
1730           ConstString section_name;
1731           if (process_sp->GetTarget().ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr, addr)) {
1732             SectionSP section_sp(addr.GetSection());
1733             if (section_sp) {
1734               // Got the top most section, not the deepest section
1735               while (section_sp->GetParent())
1736                 section_sp = section_sp->GetParent();
1737               section_name = section_sp->GetName();
1738             }
1739           }
1740           result.AppendMessageWithFormat(
1741               "[0x%16.16" PRIx64 "-0x%16.16" PRIx64 ") %c%c%c%s%s\n",
1742               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeBase(),
1743               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd(),
1744               range_info.GetReadable() ? 'r' : '-',
1745               range_info.GetWritable() ? 'w' : '-',
1746               range_info.GetExecutable() ? 'x' : '-', section_name ? " " : "",
1747               section_name ? section_name.AsCString() : "");
1748           m_prev_end_addr = range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd();
1749           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1750         } else {
1751           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1752           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s\n", error.AsCString());
1753         }
1754       }
1755     } else {
1756       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1757       result.AppendError("invalid process");
1758       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1759     }
1760     return result.Succeeded();
1761   }
1762 
1763   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1764                                uint32_t index) override {
1765     // If we repeat this command, repeat it without any arguments so we can
1766     // show the next memory range
1767     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1768   }
1769 
1770   lldb::addr_t m_prev_end_addr;
1771 };
1772 
1773 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1774 // CommandObjectMemory
1775 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1776 
1777 CommandObjectMemory::CommandObjectMemory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1778     : CommandObjectMultiword(
1779           interpreter, "memory",
1780           "Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.",
1781           "memory <subcommand> [<subcommand-options>]") {
1782   LoadSubCommand("find",
1783                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryFind(interpreter)));
1784   LoadSubCommand("read",
1785                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRead(interpreter)));
1786   LoadSubCommand("write",
1787                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryWrite(interpreter)));
1788   LoadSubCommand("history",
1789                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryHistory(interpreter)));
1790   LoadSubCommand("region",
1791                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRegion(interpreter)));
1792 }
1793 
1794 CommandObjectMemory::~CommandObjectMemory() = default;
1795