xref: /llvm-project-15.0.7/libcxx/include/span (revision d3cbcc4e)
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21// [views.span], class template span
22template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
23    class span;
24
25template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
26  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
27
28template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
29    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
30
31// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
32template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
33    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
34        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
35
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
37    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
38        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
39
40
41template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
42class span {
43public:
44    // constants and types
45    using element_type = ElementType;
46    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
47    using size_type = size_t;
48    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
49    using pointer = element_type*;
50    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
51    using reference = element_type&;
52    using const_reference = const element_type&;
53    using iterator = implementation-defined;
54    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
55    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
56
57    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
58    constexpr span() noexcept;
59    template <class It>
60    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
61    template <class It, class End>
62    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
63    template <size_t N>
64        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
65    template <size_t N>
66        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
67    template <size_t N>
68        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
69    template<class R>
70      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
71    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
72    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
73        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
74    ~span() noexcept = default;
75    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
76
77    // [span.sub], span subviews
78    template <size_t Count>
79        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
80    template <size_t Count>
81        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
82    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
83        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
84
85    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
86    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
87    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
88
89    // [span.obs], span observers
90    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
91    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
92    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
93
94    // [span.elem], span element access
95    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
96    constexpr reference front() const;
97    constexpr reference back() const;
98    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
99
100    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
101    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
102    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
103    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
104    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
105
106private:
107    pointer data_;    // exposition only
108    size_type size_;  // exposition only
109};
110
111template<class It, class EndOrSize>
112    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
113
114template<class T, size_t N>
115    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
116
117template<class T, size_t N>
118    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
119
120template<class T, size_t N>
121    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
122
123template<class R>
124    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
125
126} // namespace std
127
128*/
129
130#include <__assert> // all public C++ headers provide the assertion handler
131#include <__config>
132#include <__debug>
133#include <__fwd/span.h>
134#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
135#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
136#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
137#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
138#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
139#include <__ranges/data.h>
140#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
141#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
142#include <__ranges/size.h>
143#include <__utility/forward.h>
144#include <array>        // for array
145#include <cstddef>      // for byte
146#include <limits>
147#include <type_traits>  // for remove_cv, etc
148#include <version>
149
150// standard-mandated includes
151
152// [iterator.range]
153#include <__iterator/access.h>
154#include <__iterator/data.h>
155#include <__iterator/empty.h>
156#include <__iterator/reverse_access.h>
157#include <__iterator/size.h>
158
159#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
160#  pragma GCC system_header
161#endif
162
163_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
164#include <__undef_macros>
165
166_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
167
168#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
169
170template <class _Tp>
171struct __is_std_array : false_type {};
172
173template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
174struct __is_std_array<array<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
175
176template <class _Tp>
177struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
178
179template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
180struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
181
182#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
183// This is a temporary workaround until we ship <ranges> -- we've unfortunately been
184// shipping <span> before its API was finalized, and we used to provide a constructor
185// from container types that had the requirements below. To avoid breaking code that
186// has started relying on the range-based constructor until we ship all of <ranges>,
187// we emulate the constructor requirements like this.
188template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
189concept __span_compatible_range =
190  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
191  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
192  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
193  requires (_Range&& __r) {
194      data(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
195      size(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
196  } &&
197  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
198#else
199template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
200concept __span_compatible_range =
201  ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&
202  ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&
203  (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>) &&
204  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
205  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
206  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
207  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
208#endif // !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
209
210template <class _From, class _To>
211concept __span_array_convertible = is_convertible_v<_From(*)[], _To(*)[]>;
212
213template <class _It, class _Tp>
214concept __span_compatible_iterator = contiguous_iterator<_It> && __span_array_convertible<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, _Tp>;
215
216template <class _Sentinel, class _It>
217concept __span_compatible_sentinel_for = sized_sentinel_for<_Sentinel, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_Sentinel, size_t>;
218
219#if defined(_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE) || defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_SPAN_POINTER_ITERATORS)
220#   define _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
221#endif
222
223template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
224class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
225public:
226//  constants and types
227    using element_type           = _Tp;
228    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
229    using size_type              = size_t;
230    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
231    using pointer                = _Tp *;
232    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
233    using reference              = _Tp &;
234    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
235#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
236    using iterator               = pointer;
237#else
238    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
239#endif
240    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
241
242    static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
243
244// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
245    template <size_t _Sz = _Extent> requires(_Sz == 0)
246    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr} {}
247
248    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
249    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
250
251    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
252    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
253    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count)
254        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
255      (void)__count;
256      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
257    }
258
259    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
260    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
261    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
262      (void)__last;
263      _LIBCPP_ASSERT((__last - __first >= 0), "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
264      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__last - __first == _Extent,
265                     "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
266    }
267
268    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data{__arr} {}
269
270    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
271    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
272    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
273
274    template <class _OtherElementType>
275        requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
276    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
277    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
278
279#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
280    template <class _Container>
281        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
282    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
283    constexpr explicit span(_Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
284      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
285    }
286    template <class _Container>
287        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
288    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
289    constexpr explicit span(const _Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
290      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
291    }
292#else
293    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
294    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
295    constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data{ranges::data(__r)} {
296      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
297    }
298#endif
299
300    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
301    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
302        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other)
303        : __data{__other.data()} {}
304
305    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
306    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
307        constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other) noexcept
308        : __data{__other.data()} { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)"); }
309
310
311//  ~span() noexcept = default;
312
313    template <size_t _Count>
314    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
315    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
316    {
317        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::first()");
318        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
319    }
320
321    template <size_t _Count>
322    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
323    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
324    {
325        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::last()");
326        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
327    }
328
329    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
330    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
331    {
332        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
333        return {data(), __count};
334    }
335
336    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
337    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept
338    {
339        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
340        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
341    }
342
343    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
344    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
345    constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
346        -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>
347    {
348        static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
349        static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
350
351        using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
352        return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
353    }
354
355
356    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
357    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
358       subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
359    {
360        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
361        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "Count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
362        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
363            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
364        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
365        return {data() + __offset, __count};
366    }
367
368    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return _Extent; }
369    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
370    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
371
372    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
373    {
374        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T,N>[] index out of bounds");
375        return __data[__idx];
376    }
377
378    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
379    {
380        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
381        return __data[0];
382    }
383
384    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
385    {
386        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
387        return __data[size()-1];
388    }
389
390    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
391
392// [span.iter], span iterator support
393    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
394#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
395        return iterator(data());
396#else
397        return iterator(this, data());
398#endif
399    }
400    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
401#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
402        return iterator(data() + size());
403#else
404        return iterator(this, data() + size());
405#endif
406    }
407    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
408    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
409
410    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept
411    { return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
412
413    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
414    { return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
415
416private:
417    pointer    __data;
418};
419
420
421template <typename _Tp>
422class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
423public:
424//  constants and types
425    using element_type           = _Tp;
426    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
427    using size_type              = size_t;
428    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
429    using pointer                = _Tp *;
430    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
431    using reference              = _Tp &;
432    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
433#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
434    using iterator               = pointer;
435#else
436    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
437#endif
438    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
439
440    static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
441
442// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
443    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr}, __size{0} {}
444
445    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
446    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
447
448    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
449    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
450    constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
451        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)}, __size{__count} {}
452
453    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
454    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
455    constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
456        : __data(_VSTD::to_address(__first)), __size(__last - __first) {}
457
458    template <size_t _Sz>
459    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
460    constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept : __data{__arr}, __size{_Sz} {}
461
462    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
463    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
464    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
465
466    template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
467        requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
468    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
469    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
470
471#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
472    template <class _Container>
473        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
474    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
475    constexpr span(_Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
476    template <class _Container>
477        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
478    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
479    constexpr span(const _Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
480#else
481    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
482    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
483    constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data(ranges::data(__r)), __size{ranges::size(__r)} {}
484#endif
485
486    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
487    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
488        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other)  noexcept
489        : __data{__other.data()}, __size{__other.size()} {}
490
491//    ~span() noexcept = default;
492
493    template <size_t _Count>
494    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
495    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
496    {
497        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first()");
498        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
499    }
500
501    template <size_t _Count>
502    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
503    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
504    {
505        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last()");
506        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
507    }
508
509    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
510    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
511    {
512        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
513        return {data(), __count};
514    }
515
516    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
517    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last (size_type __count) const noexcept
518    {
519        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
520        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
521    }
522
523    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
524    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
525    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept
526    {
527        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
528        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
529        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
530    }
531
532    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
533    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
534    subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
535    {
536        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
537        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
538        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
539            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
540        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
541        return {data() + __offset, __count};
542    }
543
544    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return __size; }
545    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return __size * sizeof(element_type); }
546    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size == 0; }
547
548    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
549    {
550        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T>[] index out of bounds");
551        return __data[__idx];
552    }
553
554    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
555    {
556        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].front() on empty span");
557        return __data[0];
558    }
559
560    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
561    {
562        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].back() on empty span");
563        return __data[size()-1];
564    }
565
566
567    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
568
569// [span.iter], span iterator support
570    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
571#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
572        return iterator(data());
573#else
574        return iterator(this, data());
575#endif
576    }
577    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
578#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
579        return iterator(data() + size());
580#else
581        return iterator(this, data() + size());
582#endif
583    }
584    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
585    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
586
587    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept
588    { return {reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
589
590    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
591    { return {reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
592
593private:
594    pointer   __data;
595    size_type __size;
596};
597
598template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
599inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
600
601template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
602inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
603
604//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
605template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
606_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
607auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
608{ return __s.__as_bytes(); }
609
610template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent> requires(!is_const_v<_Tp>)
611_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
612auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
613{ return __s.__as_writable_bytes(); }
614
615#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
616template<contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
617    span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
618#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
619
620template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
621    span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
622
623template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
624    span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
625
626template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
627    span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
628
629#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
630template<class _Container>
631    span(_Container&) -> span<typename _Container::value_type>;
632
633template<class _Container>
634    span(const _Container&) -> span<const typename _Container::value_type>;
635#else
636template<ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
637    span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
638#endif
639
640#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
641
642_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
643
644_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
645
646#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
647