xref: /llvm-project-15.0.7/libcxx/include/span (revision cb48ed38)
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21// [views.span], class template span
22template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
23    class span;
24
25template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
26  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
27
28template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
29    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
30
31// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
32template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
33    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
34        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
35
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
37    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
38        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
39
40
41template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
42class span {
43public:
44    // constants and types
45    using element_type = ElementType;
46    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
47    using size_type = size_t;
48    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
49    using pointer = element_type*;
50    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
51    using reference = element_type&;
52    using const_reference = const element_type&;
53    using iterator = implementation-defined;
54    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
55    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
56
57    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
58    constexpr span() noexcept;
59    template <class It>
60    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
61    template <class It, class End>
62    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
63    template <size_t N>
64        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
65    template <size_t N>
66        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
67    template <size_t N>
68        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
69    template<class R>
70      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
71    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
72    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
73        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
74    ~span() noexcept = default;
75    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
76
77    // [span.sub], span subviews
78    template <size_t Count>
79        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
80    template <size_t Count>
81        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
82    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
83        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
84
85    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
86    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
87    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
88
89    // [span.obs], span observers
90    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
91    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
92    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
93
94    // [span.elem], span element access
95    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
96    constexpr reference front() const;
97    constexpr reference back() const;
98    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
99
100    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
101    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
102    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
103    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
104    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
105
106private:
107    pointer data_;    // exposition only
108    size_type size_;  // exposition only
109};
110
111template<class It, class EndOrSize>
112    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
113
114template<class T, size_t N>
115    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
116
117template<class T, size_t N>
118    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
119
120template<class T, size_t N>
121    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
122
123template<class R>
124    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
125
126} // namespace std
127
128*/
129
130#include <__assert> // all public C++ headers provide the assertion handler
131#include <__config>
132#include <__debug>
133#include <__fwd/span.h>
134#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
135#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
136#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
137#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
138#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
139#include <__ranges/data.h>
140#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
141#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
142#include <__ranges/size.h>
143#include <__utility/forward.h>
144#include <array>        // for array
145#include <cstddef>      // for byte
146#include <iterator> // TODO: Remove this include
147#include <limits>
148#include <type_traits>  // for remove_cv, etc
149#include <version>
150
151#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
152#  pragma GCC system_header
153#endif
154
155_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
156#include <__undef_macros>
157
158_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
159
160#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
161
162template <class _Tp>
163struct __is_std_array : false_type {};
164
165template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
166struct __is_std_array<array<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
167
168template <class _Tp>
169struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
170
171template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
172struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
173
174#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
175// This is a temporary workaround until we ship <ranges> -- we've unfortunately been
176// shipping <span> before its API was finalized, and we used to provide a constructor
177// from container types that had the requirements below. To avoid breaking code that
178// has started relying on the range-based constructor until we ship all of <ranges>,
179// we emulate the constructor requirements like this.
180template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
181concept __span_compatible_range =
182  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
183  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
184  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
185  requires (_Range&& __r) {
186      data(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
187      size(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
188  } &&
189  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
190#else
191template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
192concept __span_compatible_range =
193  ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&
194  ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&
195  (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>) &&
196  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
197  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
198  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
199  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
200#endif // !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
201
202template <class _From, class _To>
203concept __span_array_convertible = is_convertible_v<_From(*)[], _To(*)[]>;
204
205template <class _It, class _Tp>
206concept __span_compatible_iterator = contiguous_iterator<_It> && __span_array_convertible<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, _Tp>;
207
208template <class _Sentinel, class _It>
209concept __span_compatible_sentinel_for = sized_sentinel_for<_Sentinel, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_Sentinel, size_t>;
210
211#if defined(_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE) || defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_SPAN_POINTER_ITERATORS)
212#   define _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
213#endif
214
215template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
216class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
217public:
218//  constants and types
219    using element_type           = _Tp;
220    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
221    using size_type              = size_t;
222    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
223    using pointer                = _Tp *;
224    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
225    using reference              = _Tp &;
226    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
227#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
228    using iterator               = pointer;
229#else
230    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
231#endif
232    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
233
234    static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
235
236// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
237    template <size_t _Sz = _Extent> requires(_Sz == 0)
238    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr} {}
239
240    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
241    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
242
243    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
244    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
245    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count)
246        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
247      (void)__count;
248      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
249    }
250
251    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
252    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
253    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
254      (void)__last;
255      _LIBCPP_ASSERT((__last - __first >= 0), "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
256      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__last - __first == _Extent,
257                     "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
258    }
259
260    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data{__arr} {}
261
262    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
263    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
264    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
265
266    template <class _OtherElementType>
267        requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
268    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
269    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
270
271#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
272    template <class _Container>
273        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
274    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
275    constexpr explicit span(_Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
276      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
277    }
278    template <class _Container>
279        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
280    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
281    constexpr explicit span(const _Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
282      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
283    }
284#else
285    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
286    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
287    constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data{ranges::data(__r)} {
288      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
289    }
290#endif
291
292    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
293    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
294        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other)
295        : __data{__other.data()} {}
296
297    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
298    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
299        constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other) noexcept
300        : __data{__other.data()} { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)"); }
301
302
303//  ~span() noexcept = default;
304
305    template <size_t _Count>
306    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
307    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
308    {
309        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::first()");
310        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
311    }
312
313    template <size_t _Count>
314    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
315    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
316    {
317        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::last()");
318        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
319    }
320
321    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
322    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
323    {
324        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
325        return {data(), __count};
326    }
327
328    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
329    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept
330    {
331        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
332        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
333    }
334
335    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
336    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
337    constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
338        -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>
339    {
340        static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
341        static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
342
343        using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
344        return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
345    }
346
347
348    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
349    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
350       subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
351    {
352        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
353        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "Count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
354        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
355            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
356        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
357        return {data() + __offset, __count};
358    }
359
360    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return _Extent; }
361    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
362    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
363
364    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
365    {
366        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T,N>[] index out of bounds");
367        return __data[__idx];
368    }
369
370    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
371    {
372        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
373        return __data[0];
374    }
375
376    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
377    {
378        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
379        return __data[size()-1];
380    }
381
382    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
383
384// [span.iter], span iterator support
385    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
386#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
387        return iterator(data());
388#else
389        return iterator(this, data());
390#endif
391    }
392    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
393#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
394        return iterator(data() + size());
395#else
396        return iterator(this, data() + size());
397#endif
398    }
399    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
400    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
401
402    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept
403    { return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
404
405    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
406    { return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
407
408private:
409    pointer    __data;
410};
411
412
413template <typename _Tp>
414class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
415public:
416//  constants and types
417    using element_type           = _Tp;
418    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
419    using size_type              = size_t;
420    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
421    using pointer                = _Tp *;
422    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
423    using reference              = _Tp &;
424    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
425#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
426    using iterator               = pointer;
427#else
428    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
429#endif
430    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
431
432    static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
433
434// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
435    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr}, __size{0} {}
436
437    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
438    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
439
440    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
441    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
442    constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
443        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)}, __size{__count} {}
444
445    template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
446    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
447    constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
448        : __data(_VSTD::to_address(__first)), __size(__last - __first) {}
449
450    template <size_t _Sz>
451    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
452    constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept : __data{__arr}, __size{_Sz} {}
453
454    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
455    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
456    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
457
458    template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
459        requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
460    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
461    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
462
463#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
464    template <class _Container>
465        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
466    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
467    constexpr span(_Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
468    template <class _Container>
469        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
470    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
471    constexpr span(const _Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
472#else
473    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
474    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
475    constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data(ranges::data(__r)), __size{ranges::size(__r)} {}
476#endif
477
478    template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
479    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
480        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other)  noexcept
481        : __data{__other.data()}, __size{__other.size()} {}
482
483//    ~span() noexcept = default;
484
485    template <size_t _Count>
486    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
487    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
488    {
489        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first()");
490        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
491    }
492
493    template <size_t _Count>
494    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
495    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
496    {
497        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last()");
498        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
499    }
500
501    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
502    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
503    {
504        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
505        return {data(), __count};
506    }
507
508    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
509    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last (size_type __count) const noexcept
510    {
511        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
512        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
513    }
514
515    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
516    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
517    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept
518    {
519        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
520        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
521        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
522    }
523
524    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
525    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
526    subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
527    {
528        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
529        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
530        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
531            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
532        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
533        return {data() + __offset, __count};
534    }
535
536    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return __size; }
537    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return __size * sizeof(element_type); }
538    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size == 0; }
539
540    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
541    {
542        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T>[] index out of bounds");
543        return __data[__idx];
544    }
545
546    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
547    {
548        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].front() on empty span");
549        return __data[0];
550    }
551
552    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
553    {
554        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].back() on empty span");
555        return __data[size()-1];
556    }
557
558
559    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
560
561// [span.iter], span iterator support
562    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
563#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
564        return iterator(data());
565#else
566        return iterator(this, data());
567#endif
568    }
569    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
570#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
571        return iterator(data() + size());
572#else
573        return iterator(this, data() + size());
574#endif
575    }
576    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
577    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
578
579    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept
580    { return {reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
581
582    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
583    { return {reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
584
585private:
586    pointer   __data;
587    size_type __size;
588};
589
590template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
591inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
592
593template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
594inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
595
596//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
597template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
598_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
599auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
600{ return __s.__as_bytes(); }
601
602template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent> requires(!is_const_v<_Tp>)
603_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
604auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
605{ return __s.__as_writable_bytes(); }
606
607#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
608template<contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
609    span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
610#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
611
612template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
613    span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
614
615template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
616    span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
617
618template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
619    span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
620
621#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
622template<class _Container>
623    span(_Container&) -> span<typename _Container::value_type>;
624
625template<class _Container>
626    span(const _Container&) -> span<const typename _Container::value_type>;
627#else
628template<ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
629    span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
630#endif
631
632#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
633
634_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
635
636_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
637
638#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
639