xref: /llvm-project-15.0.7/libcxx/include/span (revision 4eab04f8)
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21// [views.span], class template span
22template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
23    class span;
24
25template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
26  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
27
28template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
29    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
30
31// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
32template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
33    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
34        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
35
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
37    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
38        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
39
40
41template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
42class span {
43public:
44    // constants and types
45    using element_type = ElementType;
46    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
47    using size_type = size_t;
48    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
49    using pointer = element_type*;
50    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
51    using reference = element_type&;
52    using const_reference = const element_type&;
53    using iterator = implementation-defined;
54    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
55    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
56
57    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
58    constexpr span() noexcept;
59    template <class It>
60    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
61    template <class It, class End>
62    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
63    template <size_t N>
64        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
65    template <size_t N>
66        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
67    template <size_t N>
68        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
69    template<class R>
70      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
71    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
72    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
73        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
74    ~span() noexcept = default;
75    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
76
77    // [span.sub], span subviews
78    template <size_t Count>
79        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
80    template <size_t Count>
81        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
82    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
83        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
84
85    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
86    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
87    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
88
89    // [span.obs], span observers
90    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
91    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
92    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
93
94    // [span.elem], span element access
95    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
96    constexpr reference front() const;
97    constexpr reference back() const;
98    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
99
100    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
101    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
102    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
103    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
104    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
105
106private:
107    pointer data_;    // exposition only
108    size_type size_;  // exposition only
109};
110
111template<class It, class EndOrSize>
112    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
113
114template<class T, size_t N>
115    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
116
117template<class T, size_t N>
118    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
119
120template<class T, size_t N>
121    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
122
123template<class R>
124    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
125
126} // namespace std
127
128*/
129
130#include <__assert> // all public C++ headers provide the assertion handler
131#include <__config>
132#include <__debug>
133#include <__fwd/span.h>
134#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
135#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
136#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
137#include <__ranges/data.h>
138#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
139#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
140#include <__ranges/size.h>
141#include <__utility/forward.h>
142#include <array>        // for array
143#include <cstddef>      // for byte
144#include <iterator>     // for iterators
145#include <limits>
146#include <type_traits>  // for remove_cv, etc
147#include <version>
148
149#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
150#  pragma GCC system_header
151#endif
152
153_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
154#include <__undef_macros>
155
156_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
157
158#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
159
160template <class _Tp>
161struct __is_std_array : false_type {};
162
163template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
164struct __is_std_array<array<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
165
166template <class _Tp>
167struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
168
169template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
170struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
171
172#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
173// This is a temporary workaround until we ship <ranges> -- we've unfortunately been
174// shipping <span> before its API was finalized, and we used to provide a constructor
175// from container types that had the requirements below. To avoid breaking code that
176// has started relying on the range-based constructor until we ship all of <ranges>,
177// we emulate the constructor requirements like this.
178template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
179concept __span_compatible_range =
180  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
181  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
182  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
183  requires (_Range&& __r) {
184      data(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
185      size(std::forward<_Range>(__r));
186  } &&
187  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
188#else
189template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
190concept __span_compatible_range =
191  ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&
192  ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&
193  (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>) &&
194  !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value  &&
195  !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&
196  !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&
197  is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>(*)[], _ElementType(*)[]>;
198#endif // !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
199
200#if (_LIBCPP_DEBUG_LEVEL == 2) || defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_SPAN_POINTER_ITERATORS)
201#   define _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
202#endif
203
204template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
205class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
206public:
207//  constants and types
208    using element_type           = _Tp;
209    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
210    using size_type              = size_t;
211    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
212    using pointer                = _Tp *;
213    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
214    using reference              = _Tp &;
215    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
216#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
217    using iterator               = pointer;
218#else
219    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
220#endif
221    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
222
223    static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
224
225// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
226    template <size_t _Sz = _Extent, enable_if_t<_Sz == 0, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
227    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr} {}
228
229    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
230    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
231
232    template <class _It,
233              enable_if_t<contiguous_iterator<_It> &&
234                              is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
235                          nullptr_t> = nullptr>
236    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
237    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count)
238        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
239      (void)__count;
240      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
241    }
242
243    template <
244        class _It, class _End,
245        enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It> > (*)[], element_type (*)[]> &&
246                        contiguous_iterator<_It> && sized_sentinel_for<_End, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_End, size_t>,
247                    nullptr_t> = nullptr>
248    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
249    constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)} {
250      (void)__last;
251      _LIBCPP_ASSERT((__last - __first >= 0), "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
252      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__last - __first == _Extent,
253                     "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
254    }
255
256    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data{__arr} {}
257
258    template <class _OtherElementType,
259              enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
260    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
261    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
262
263    template <class _OtherElementType,
264              enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<const _OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
265    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
266    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
267
268#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
269    template <class _Container>
270        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
271    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
272    constexpr explicit span(_Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
273      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
274    }
275    template <class _Container>
276        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
277    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
278    constexpr explicit span(const _Container& __c) : __data{std::data(__c)} {
279      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(std::size(__c) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
280    }
281#else
282    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
283    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
284    constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data{ranges::data(__r)} {
285      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
286    }
287#endif
288
289    template <class _OtherElementType>
290    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
291        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other,
292                       enable_if_t<
293                          is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
294                          nullptr_t> = nullptr)
295        : __data{__other.data()} {}
296
297    template <class _OtherElementType>
298    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
299        constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other,
300                       enable_if_t<
301                          is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
302                          nullptr_t> = nullptr) noexcept
303        : __data{__other.data()} { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)"); }
304
305
306//  ~span() noexcept = default;
307
308    template <size_t _Count>
309    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
310    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
311    {
312        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::first()");
313        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
314    }
315
316    template <size_t _Count>
317    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
318    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
319    {
320        static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::last()");
321        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
322    }
323
324    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
325    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
326    {
327        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
328        return {data(), __count};
329    }
330
331    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
332    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept
333    {
334        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
335        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
336    }
337
338    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
339    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
340    constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
341        -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>
342    {
343        static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
344        static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
345
346        using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
347        return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
348    }
349
350
351    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
352    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
353       subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
354    {
355        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
356        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "Count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
357        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
358            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
359        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
360        return {data() + __offset, __count};
361    }
362
363    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return _Extent; }
364    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
365    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
366
367    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
368    {
369        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T,N>[] index out of bounds");
370        return __data[__idx];
371    }
372
373    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
374    {
375        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
376        return __data[0];
377    }
378
379    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
380    {
381        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
382        return __data[size()-1];
383    }
384
385    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
386
387// [span.iter], span iterator support
388    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
389#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
390        return iterator(data());
391#else
392        return iterator(this, data());
393#endif
394    }
395    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
396#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
397        return iterator(data() + size());
398#else
399        return iterator(this, data() + size());
400#endif
401    }
402    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
403    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
404
405    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept
406    { return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
407
408    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
409    { return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
410
411private:
412    pointer    __data;
413
414};
415
416
417template <typename _Tp>
418class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
419private:
420
421public:
422//  constants and types
423    using element_type           = _Tp;
424    using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
425    using size_type              = size_t;
426    using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
427    using pointer                = _Tp *;
428    using const_pointer          = const _Tp *;
429    using reference              = _Tp &;
430    using const_reference        = const _Tp &;
431#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
432    using iterator               = pointer;
433#else
434    using iterator               = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
435#endif
436    using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
437
438    static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
439
440// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
441    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr}, __size{0} {}
442
443    constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
444    constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
445
446    template <class _It,
447              enable_if_t<contiguous_iterator<_It> &&
448                              is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It> > (*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
449                          nullptr_t> = nullptr>
450    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
451    constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
452        : __data{_VSTD::to_address(__first)}, __size{__count} {}
453
454    template <
455        class _It, class _End,
456        enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It> > (*)[], element_type (*)[]> &&
457                        contiguous_iterator<_It> && sized_sentinel_for<_End, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_End, size_t>,
458                    nullptr_t> = nullptr>
459    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
460    constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
461        : __data(_VSTD::to_address(__first)), __size(__last - __first) {}
462
463    template <size_t _Sz>
464    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
465    constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept : __data{__arr}, __size{_Sz} {}
466
467    template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz,
468              enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
469    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
470    constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
471
472    template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz,
473              enable_if_t<is_convertible_v<const _OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
474    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
475    constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
476
477#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
478    template <class _Container>
479        requires __span_compatible_range<_Container, element_type>
480    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
481    constexpr span(_Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
482    template <class _Container>
483        requires __span_compatible_range<const _Container, element_type>
484    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
485    constexpr span(const _Container& __c) : __data(std::data(__c)), __size{std::size(__c)} {}
486#else
487    template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
488    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
489    constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data(ranges::data(__r)), __size{ranges::size(__r)} {}
490#endif
491
492    template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
493    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
494        constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other,
495                       enable_if_t<
496                          is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
497                          nullptr_t> = nullptr) noexcept
498        : __data{__other.data()}, __size{__other.size()} {}
499
500//    ~span() noexcept = default;
501
502    template <size_t _Count>
503    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
504    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
505    {
506        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first()");
507        return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
508    }
509
510    template <size_t _Count>
511    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
512    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
513    {
514        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last()");
515        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
516    }
517
518    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
519    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept
520    {
521        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
522        return {data(), __count};
523    }
524
525    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
526    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last (size_type __count) const noexcept
527    {
528        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
529        return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
530    }
531
532    template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
533    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
534    constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept
535    {
536        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
537        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan()");
538        return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
539    }
540
541    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
542    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
543    subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
544    {
545        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
546        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count  <= size() || __count == dynamic_extent, "count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
547        if (__count == dynamic_extent)
548            return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
549        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count <= size() - __offset, "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
550        return {data() + __offset, __count};
551    }
552
553    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size()           const noexcept { return __size; }
554    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr size_type size_bytes()     const noexcept { return __size * sizeof(element_type); }
555    [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size == 0; }
556
557    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept
558    {
559        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx < size(), "span<T>[] index out of bounds");
560        return __data[__idx];
561    }
562
563    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference front() const noexcept
564    {
565        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].front() on empty span");
566        return __data[0];
567    }
568
569    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference back() const noexcept
570    {
571        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!empty(), "span<T>[].back() on empty span");
572        return __data[size()-1];
573    }
574
575
576    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
577
578// [span.iter], span iterator support
579    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
580#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
581        return iterator(data());
582#else
583        return iterator(this, data());
584#endif
585    }
586    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
587#ifdef _LIBCPP_SPAN_USE_POINTER_ITERATOR
588        return iterator(data() + size());
589#else
590        return iterator(this, data() + size());
591#endif
592    }
593    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
594    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
595
596    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept
597    { return {reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
598
599    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept
600    { return {reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
601
602private:
603    pointer   __data;
604    size_type __size;
605};
606
607template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
608inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
609
610template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
611inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
612
613//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
614template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
615_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
616auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
617-> decltype(__s.__as_bytes())
618{ return    __s.__as_bytes(); }
619
620template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
621_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
622auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
623-> enable_if_t<!is_const_v<_Tp>, decltype(__s.__as_writable_bytes())>
624{ return __s.__as_writable_bytes(); }
625
626#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
627template<contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
628    span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
629#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
630
631template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
632    span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
633
634template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
635    span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
636
637template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
638    span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
639
640#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
641template<class _Container>
642    span(_Container&) -> span<typename _Container::value_type>;
643
644template<class _Container>
645    span(const _Container&) -> span<const typename _Container::value_type>;
646#else
647template<ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
648    span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
649#endif
650
651#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
652
653_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
654
655_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
656
657#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
658