1 //===--- CGExprConstant.cpp - Emit LLVM Code from Constant Expressions ----===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // This contains code to emit Constant Expr nodes as LLVM code.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 
14 #include "CodeGenFunction.h"
15 #include "CodeGenModule.h"
16 #include "CGObjCRuntime.h"
17 #include "clang/AST/APValue.h"
18 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
19 #include "clang/AST/RecordLayout.h"
20 #include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
21 #include "clang/Basic/Builtins.h"
22 #include "llvm/Constants.h"
23 #include "llvm/Function.h"
24 #include "llvm/GlobalVariable.h"
25 #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
26 using namespace clang;
27 using namespace CodeGen;
28 
29 namespace  {
30 class ConstStructBuilder {
31   CodeGenModule &CGM;
32   CodeGenFunction *CGF;
33 
34   bool Packed;
35 
36   unsigned NextFieldOffsetInBytes;
37 
38   unsigned LLVMStructAlignment;
39 
40   std::vector<llvm::Constant *> Elements;
41 
42   ConstStructBuilder(CodeGenModule &CGM, CodeGenFunction *CGF)
43     : CGM(CGM), CGF(CGF), Packed(false), NextFieldOffsetInBytes(0),
44     LLVMStructAlignment(1) { }
45 
46   bool AppendField(const FieldDecl *Field, uint64_t FieldOffset,
47                    const Expr *InitExpr) {
48     uint64_t FieldOffsetInBytes = FieldOffset / 8;
49 
50     assert(NextFieldOffsetInBytes <= FieldOffsetInBytes
51            && "Field offset mismatch!");
52 
53     // Emit the field.
54     llvm::Constant *C = CGM.EmitConstantExpr(InitExpr, Field->getType(), CGF);
55     if (!C)
56       return false;
57 
58     unsigned FieldAlignment = getAlignment(C);
59 
60     // Round up the field offset to the alignment of the field type.
61     uint64_t AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes =
62       llvm::RoundUpToAlignment(NextFieldOffsetInBytes, FieldAlignment);
63 
64     if (AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes > FieldOffsetInBytes) {
65       assert(!Packed && "Alignment is wrong even with a packed struct!");
66 
67       // Convert the struct to a packed struct.
68       ConvertStructToPacked();
69 
70       AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes = NextFieldOffsetInBytes;
71     }
72 
73     if (AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes < FieldOffsetInBytes) {
74       // We need to append padding.
75       AppendPadding(FieldOffsetInBytes - NextFieldOffsetInBytes);
76 
77       assert(NextFieldOffsetInBytes == FieldOffsetInBytes &&
78              "Did not add enough padding!");
79 
80       AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes = NextFieldOffsetInBytes;
81     }
82 
83     // Add the field.
84     Elements.push_back(C);
85     NextFieldOffsetInBytes = AlignedNextFieldOffsetInBytes + getSizeInBytes(C);
86 
87     if (Packed)
88       assert(LLVMStructAlignment == 1 && "Packed struct not byte-aligned!");
89     else
90       LLVMStructAlignment = std::max(LLVMStructAlignment, FieldAlignment);
91 
92     return true;
93   }
94 
95   bool AppendBitField(const FieldDecl *Field, uint64_t FieldOffset,
96                       const Expr *InitExpr) {
97     llvm::ConstantInt *CI =
98       cast_or_null<llvm::ConstantInt>(CGM.EmitConstantExpr(InitExpr,
99                                                            Field->getType(),
100                                                            CGF));
101     // FIXME: Can this ever happen?
102     if (!CI)
103       return false;
104 
105     if (FieldOffset > NextFieldOffsetInBytes * 8) {
106       // We need to add padding.
107       uint64_t NumBytes =
108         llvm::RoundUpToAlignment(FieldOffset -
109                                  NextFieldOffsetInBytes * 8, 8) / 8;
110 
111       AppendPadding(NumBytes);
112     }
113 
114     uint64_t FieldSize =
115       Field->getBitWidth()->EvaluateAsInt(CGM.getContext()).getZExtValue();
116 
117     llvm::APInt FieldValue = CI->getValue();
118 
119     // Promote the size of FieldValue if necessary
120     // FIXME: This should never occur, but currently it can because initializer
121     // constants are cast to bool, and because clang is not enforcing bitfield
122     // width limits.
123     if (FieldSize > FieldValue.getBitWidth())
124       FieldValue.zext(FieldSize);
125 
126     // Truncate the size of FieldValue to the bit field size.
127     if (FieldSize < FieldValue.getBitWidth())
128       FieldValue.trunc(FieldSize);
129 
130     if (FieldOffset < NextFieldOffsetInBytes * 8) {
131       // Either part of the field or the entire field can go into the previous
132       // byte.
133       assert(!Elements.empty() && "Elements can't be empty!");
134 
135       unsigned BitsInPreviousByte =
136         NextFieldOffsetInBytes * 8 - FieldOffset;
137 
138       bool FitsCompletelyInPreviousByte =
139         BitsInPreviousByte >= FieldValue.getBitWidth();
140 
141       llvm::APInt Tmp = FieldValue;
142 
143       if (!FitsCompletelyInPreviousByte) {
144         unsigned NewFieldWidth = FieldSize - BitsInPreviousByte;
145 
146         if (CGM.getTargetData().isBigEndian()) {
147           Tmp = Tmp.lshr(NewFieldWidth);
148           Tmp.trunc(BitsInPreviousByte);
149 
150           // We want the remaining high bits.
151           FieldValue.trunc(NewFieldWidth);
152         } else {
153           Tmp.trunc(BitsInPreviousByte);
154 
155           // We want the remaining low bits.
156           FieldValue = FieldValue.lshr(BitsInPreviousByte);
157           FieldValue.trunc(NewFieldWidth);
158         }
159       }
160 
161       Tmp.zext(8);
162       if (CGM.getTargetData().isBigEndian()) {
163         if (FitsCompletelyInPreviousByte)
164           Tmp = Tmp.shl(BitsInPreviousByte - FieldValue.getBitWidth());
165       } else {
166         Tmp = Tmp.shl(8 - BitsInPreviousByte);
167       }
168 
169       // Or in the bits that go into the previous byte.
170       if (llvm::ConstantInt *Val = dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(Elements.back()))
171         Tmp |= Val->getValue();
172       else
173         assert(isa<llvm::UndefValue>(Elements.back()));
174 
175       Elements.back() = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(), Tmp);
176 
177       if (FitsCompletelyInPreviousByte)
178         return true;
179     }
180 
181     while (FieldValue.getBitWidth() > 8) {
182       llvm::APInt Tmp;
183 
184       if (CGM.getTargetData().isBigEndian()) {
185         // We want the high bits.
186         Tmp = FieldValue;
187         Tmp = Tmp.lshr(Tmp.getBitWidth() - 8);
188         Tmp.trunc(8);
189       } else {
190         // We want the low bits.
191         Tmp = FieldValue;
192         Tmp.trunc(8);
193 
194         FieldValue = FieldValue.lshr(8);
195       }
196 
197       Elements.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(), Tmp));
198       NextFieldOffsetInBytes++;
199 
200       FieldValue.trunc(FieldValue.getBitWidth() - 8);
201     }
202 
203     assert(FieldValue.getBitWidth() > 0 &&
204            "Should have at least one bit left!");
205     assert(FieldValue.getBitWidth() <= 8 &&
206            "Should not have more than a byte left!");
207 
208     if (FieldValue.getBitWidth() < 8) {
209       if (CGM.getTargetData().isBigEndian()) {
210         unsigned BitWidth = FieldValue.getBitWidth();
211 
212         FieldValue.zext(8);
213         FieldValue = FieldValue << (8 - BitWidth);
214       } else
215         FieldValue.zext(8);
216     }
217 
218     // Append the last element.
219     Elements.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(),
220                                               FieldValue));
221     NextFieldOffsetInBytes++;
222     return true;
223   }
224 
225   void AppendPadding(uint64_t NumBytes) {
226     if (!NumBytes)
227       return;
228 
229     const llvm::Type *Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(CGM.getLLVMContext());
230     if (NumBytes > 1)
231       Ty = llvm::ArrayType::get(Ty, NumBytes);
232 
233     llvm::Constant *C = llvm::UndefValue::get(Ty);
234     Elements.push_back(C);
235     assert(getAlignment(C) == 1 && "Padding must have 1 byte alignment!");
236 
237     NextFieldOffsetInBytes += getSizeInBytes(C);
238   }
239 
240   void AppendTailPadding(uint64_t RecordSize) {
241     assert(RecordSize % 8 == 0 && "Invalid record size!");
242 
243     uint64_t RecordSizeInBytes = RecordSize / 8;
244     assert(NextFieldOffsetInBytes <= RecordSizeInBytes && "Size mismatch!");
245 
246     unsigned NumPadBytes = RecordSizeInBytes - NextFieldOffsetInBytes;
247     AppendPadding(NumPadBytes);
248   }
249 
250   void ConvertStructToPacked() {
251     std::vector<llvm::Constant *> PackedElements;
252     uint64_t ElementOffsetInBytes = 0;
253 
254     for (unsigned i = 0, e = Elements.size(); i != e; ++i) {
255       llvm::Constant *C = Elements[i];
256 
257       unsigned ElementAlign =
258         CGM.getTargetData().getABITypeAlignment(C->getType());
259       uint64_t AlignedElementOffsetInBytes =
260         llvm::RoundUpToAlignment(ElementOffsetInBytes, ElementAlign);
261 
262       if (AlignedElementOffsetInBytes > ElementOffsetInBytes) {
263         // We need some padding.
264         uint64_t NumBytes =
265           AlignedElementOffsetInBytes - ElementOffsetInBytes;
266 
267         const llvm::Type *Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(CGM.getLLVMContext());
268         if (NumBytes > 1)
269           Ty = llvm::ArrayType::get(Ty, NumBytes);
270 
271         llvm::Constant *Padding = llvm::UndefValue::get(Ty);
272         PackedElements.push_back(Padding);
273         ElementOffsetInBytes += getSizeInBytes(Padding);
274       }
275 
276       PackedElements.push_back(C);
277       ElementOffsetInBytes += getSizeInBytes(C);
278     }
279 
280     assert(ElementOffsetInBytes == NextFieldOffsetInBytes &&
281            "Packing the struct changed its size!");
282 
283     Elements = PackedElements;
284     LLVMStructAlignment = 1;
285     Packed = true;
286   }
287 
288   bool Build(InitListExpr *ILE) {
289     RecordDecl *RD = ILE->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
290     const ASTRecordLayout &Layout = CGM.getContext().getASTRecordLayout(RD);
291 
292     unsigned FieldNo = 0;
293     unsigned ElementNo = 0;
294     for (RecordDecl::field_iterator Field = RD->field_begin(),
295          FieldEnd = RD->field_end();
296          ElementNo < ILE->getNumInits() && Field != FieldEnd;
297          ++Field, ++FieldNo) {
298       if (RD->isUnion() && ILE->getInitializedFieldInUnion() != *Field)
299         continue;
300 
301       if (Field->isBitField()) {
302         if (!Field->getIdentifier())
303           continue;
304 
305         if (!AppendBitField(*Field, Layout.getFieldOffset(FieldNo),
306                             ILE->getInit(ElementNo)))
307           return false;
308       } else {
309         if (!AppendField(*Field, Layout.getFieldOffset(FieldNo),
310                          ILE->getInit(ElementNo)))
311           return false;
312       }
313 
314       ElementNo++;
315     }
316 
317     uint64_t LayoutSizeInBytes = Layout.getSize() / 8;
318 
319     if (NextFieldOffsetInBytes > LayoutSizeInBytes) {
320       // If the struct is bigger than the size of the record type,
321       // we must have a flexible array member at the end.
322       assert(RD->hasFlexibleArrayMember() &&
323              "Must have flexible array member if struct is bigger than type!");
324 
325       // No tail padding is necessary.
326       return true;
327     }
328 
329     uint64_t LLVMSizeInBytes = llvm::RoundUpToAlignment(NextFieldOffsetInBytes,
330                                                         LLVMStructAlignment);
331 
332     // Check if we need to convert the struct to a packed struct.
333     if (NextFieldOffsetInBytes <= LayoutSizeInBytes &&
334         LLVMSizeInBytes > LayoutSizeInBytes) {
335       assert(!Packed && "Size mismatch!");
336 
337       ConvertStructToPacked();
338       assert(NextFieldOffsetInBytes == LayoutSizeInBytes &&
339              "Converting to packed did not help!");
340     }
341 
342     // Append tail padding if necessary.
343     AppendTailPadding(Layout.getSize());
344 
345     assert(Layout.getSize() / 8 == NextFieldOffsetInBytes &&
346            "Tail padding mismatch!");
347 
348     return true;
349   }
350 
351   unsigned getAlignment(const llvm::Constant *C) const {
352     if (Packed)
353       return 1;
354 
355     return CGM.getTargetData().getABITypeAlignment(C->getType());
356   }
357 
358   uint64_t getSizeInBytes(const llvm::Constant *C) const {
359     return CGM.getTargetData().getTypeAllocSize(C->getType());
360   }
361 
362 public:
363   static llvm::Constant *BuildStruct(CodeGenModule &CGM, CodeGenFunction *CGF,
364                                      InitListExpr *ILE) {
365     ConstStructBuilder Builder(CGM, CGF);
366 
367     if (!Builder.Build(ILE))
368       return 0;
369 
370     llvm::Constant *Result =
371       llvm::ConstantStruct::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(),
372                                 Builder.Elements, Builder.Packed);
373 
374     assert(llvm::RoundUpToAlignment(Builder.NextFieldOffsetInBytes,
375                                     Builder.getAlignment(Result)) ==
376            Builder.getSizeInBytes(Result) && "Size mismatch!");
377 
378     return Result;
379   }
380 };
381 
382 class ConstExprEmitter :
383   public StmtVisitor<ConstExprEmitter, llvm::Constant*> {
384   CodeGenModule &CGM;
385   CodeGenFunction *CGF;
386   llvm::LLVMContext &VMContext;
387 public:
388   ConstExprEmitter(CodeGenModule &cgm, CodeGenFunction *cgf)
389     : CGM(cgm), CGF(cgf), VMContext(cgm.getLLVMContext()) {
390   }
391 
392   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
393   //                            Visitor Methods
394   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
395 
396   llvm::Constant *VisitStmt(Stmt *S) {
397     return 0;
398   }
399 
400   llvm::Constant *VisitParenExpr(ParenExpr *PE) {
401     return Visit(PE->getSubExpr());
402   }
403 
404   llvm::Constant *VisitCompoundLiteralExpr(CompoundLiteralExpr *E) {
405     return Visit(E->getInitializer());
406   }
407 
408   llvm::Constant *EmitMemberFunctionPointer(CXXMethodDecl *MD) {
409     assert(MD->isInstance() && "Member function must not be static!");
410 
411     const llvm::Type *PtrDiffTy =
412       CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(CGM.getContext().getPointerDiffType());
413 
414     llvm::Constant *Values[2];
415 
416     // Get the function pointer (or index if this is a virtual function).
417     if (MD->isVirtual()) {
418       uint64_t Index = CGM.getVtableInfo().getMethodVtableIndex(MD);
419 
420       // The pointer is 1 + the virtual table offset in bytes.
421       Values[0] = llvm::ConstantInt::get(PtrDiffTy, (Index * 8) + 1);
422     } else {
423       llvm::Constant *FuncPtr = CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(MD);
424 
425       Values[0] = llvm::ConstantExpr::getPtrToInt(FuncPtr, PtrDiffTy);
426     }
427 
428     // The adjustment will always be 0.
429     Values[1] = llvm::ConstantInt::get(PtrDiffTy, 0);
430 
431     return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(),
432                                      Values, 2, /*Packed=*/false);
433   }
434 
435   llvm::Constant *VisitUnaryAddrOf(UnaryOperator *E) {
436     if (const MemberPointerType *MPT =
437         E->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>()) {
438       QualType T = MPT->getPointeeType();
439       if (T->isFunctionProtoType()) {
440         DeclRefExpr *DRE = cast<DeclRefExpr>(E->getSubExpr());
441 
442         return EmitMemberFunctionPointer(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(DRE->getDecl()));
443       }
444 
445       // FIXME: Should we handle other member pointer types here too,
446       // or should they be handled by Expr::Evaluate?
447     }
448 
449     return 0;
450   }
451 
452   llvm::Constant *VisitBinSub(BinaryOperator *E) {
453     // This must be a pointer/pointer subtraction.  This only happens for
454     // address of label.
455     if (!isa<AddrLabelExpr>(E->getLHS()->IgnoreParenNoopCasts(CGM.getContext())) ||
456        !isa<AddrLabelExpr>(E->getRHS()->IgnoreParenNoopCasts(CGM.getContext())))
457       return 0;
458 
459     llvm::Constant *LHS = CGM.EmitConstantExpr(E->getLHS(),
460                                                E->getLHS()->getType(), CGF);
461     llvm::Constant *RHS = CGM.EmitConstantExpr(E->getRHS(),
462                                                E->getRHS()->getType(), CGF);
463 
464     const llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(E->getType());
465     LHS = llvm::ConstantExpr::getPtrToInt(LHS, ResultType);
466     RHS = llvm::ConstantExpr::getPtrToInt(RHS, ResultType);
467 
468     // No need to divide by element size, since addr of label is always void*,
469     // which has size 1 in GNUish.
470     return llvm::ConstantExpr::getSub(LHS, RHS);
471   }
472 
473   llvm::Constant *VisitCastExpr(CastExpr* E) {
474     switch (E->getCastKind()) {
475     case CastExpr::CK_ToUnion: {
476       // GCC cast to union extension
477       assert(E->getType()->isUnionType() &&
478              "Destination type is not union type!");
479       const llvm::Type *Ty = ConvertType(E->getType());
480       Expr *SubExpr = E->getSubExpr();
481 
482       llvm::Constant *C =
483         CGM.EmitConstantExpr(SubExpr, SubExpr->getType(), CGF);
484       if (!C)
485         return 0;
486 
487       // Build a struct with the union sub-element as the first member,
488       // and padded to the appropriate size
489       std::vector<llvm::Constant*> Elts;
490       std::vector<const llvm::Type*> Types;
491       Elts.push_back(C);
492       Types.push_back(C->getType());
493       unsigned CurSize = CGM.getTargetData().getTypeAllocSize(C->getType());
494       unsigned TotalSize = CGM.getTargetData().getTypeAllocSize(Ty);
495 
496       assert(CurSize <= TotalSize && "Union size mismatch!");
497       if (unsigned NumPadBytes = TotalSize - CurSize) {
498         const llvm::Type *Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext);
499         if (NumPadBytes > 1)
500           Ty = llvm::ArrayType::get(Ty, NumPadBytes);
501 
502         Elts.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(Ty));
503         Types.push_back(Ty);
504       }
505 
506       llvm::StructType* STy =
507         llvm::StructType::get(C->getType()->getContext(), Types, false);
508       return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(STy, Elts);
509     }
510     case CastExpr::CK_NullToMemberPointer:
511       return CGM.EmitNullConstant(E->getType());
512 
513     case CastExpr::CK_BaseToDerivedMemberPointer: {
514       Expr *SubExpr = E->getSubExpr();
515 
516       const MemberPointerType *SrcTy =
517         SubExpr->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
518       const MemberPointerType *DestTy =
519         E->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
520 
521       const CXXRecordDecl *BaseClass =
522         cast<CXXRecordDecl>(cast<RecordType>(SrcTy->getClass())->getDecl());
523       const CXXRecordDecl *DerivedClass =
524         cast<CXXRecordDecl>(cast<RecordType>(DestTy->getClass())->getDecl());
525 
526       if (SrcTy->getPointeeType()->isFunctionProtoType()) {
527         llvm::Constant *C =
528           CGM.EmitConstantExpr(SubExpr, SubExpr->getType(), CGF);
529         if (!C)
530           return 0;
531 
532         llvm::ConstantStruct *CS = cast<llvm::ConstantStruct>(C);
533 
534         // Check if we need to update the adjustment.
535         if (llvm::Constant *Offset = CGM.GetCXXBaseClassOffset(DerivedClass,
536                                                                BaseClass)) {
537           llvm::Constant *Values[2];
538 
539           Values[0] = CS->getOperand(0);
540           Values[1] = llvm::ConstantExpr::getAdd(CS->getOperand(1), Offset);
541           return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(), Values, 2,
542                                            /*Packed=*/false);
543         }
544 
545         return CS;
546       }
547     }
548 
549     case CastExpr::CK_BitCast:
550       // This must be a member function pointer cast.
551       return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
552 
553     default: {
554       // FIXME: This should be handled by the CK_NoOp cast kind.
555       // Explicit and implicit no-op casts
556       QualType Ty = E->getType(), SubTy = E->getSubExpr()->getType();
557       if (CGM.getContext().hasSameUnqualifiedType(Ty, SubTy))
558         return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
559 
560       // Handle integer->integer casts for address-of-label differences.
561       if (Ty->isIntegerType() && SubTy->isIntegerType() &&
562           CGF) {
563         llvm::Value *Src = Visit(E->getSubExpr());
564         if (Src == 0) return 0;
565 
566         // Use EmitScalarConversion to perform the conversion.
567         return cast<llvm::Constant>(CGF->EmitScalarConversion(Src, SubTy, Ty));
568       }
569 
570       return 0;
571     }
572     }
573   }
574 
575   llvm::Constant *VisitCXXDefaultArgExpr(CXXDefaultArgExpr *DAE) {
576     return Visit(DAE->getExpr());
577   }
578 
579   llvm::Constant *EmitArrayInitialization(InitListExpr *ILE) {
580     std::vector<llvm::Constant*> Elts;
581     const llvm::ArrayType *AType =
582         cast<llvm::ArrayType>(ConvertType(ILE->getType()));
583     unsigned NumInitElements = ILE->getNumInits();
584     // FIXME: Check for wide strings
585     // FIXME: Check for NumInitElements exactly equal to 1??
586     if (NumInitElements > 0 &&
587         (isa<StringLiteral>(ILE->getInit(0)) ||
588          isa<ObjCEncodeExpr>(ILE->getInit(0))) &&
589         ILE->getType()->getArrayElementTypeNoTypeQual()->isCharType())
590       return Visit(ILE->getInit(0));
591     const llvm::Type *ElemTy = AType->getElementType();
592     unsigned NumElements = AType->getNumElements();
593 
594     // Initialising an array requires us to automatically
595     // initialise any elements that have not been initialised explicitly
596     unsigned NumInitableElts = std::min(NumInitElements, NumElements);
597 
598     // Copy initializer elements.
599     unsigned i = 0;
600     bool RewriteType = false;
601     for (; i < NumInitableElts; ++i) {
602       Expr *Init = ILE->getInit(i);
603       llvm::Constant *C = CGM.EmitConstantExpr(Init, Init->getType(), CGF);
604       if (!C)
605         return 0;
606       RewriteType |= (C->getType() != ElemTy);
607       Elts.push_back(C);
608     }
609 
610     // Initialize remaining array elements.
611     // FIXME: This doesn't handle member pointers correctly!
612     for (; i < NumElements; ++i)
613       Elts.push_back(llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ElemTy));
614 
615     if (RewriteType) {
616       // FIXME: Try to avoid packing the array
617       std::vector<const llvm::Type*> Types;
618       for (unsigned i = 0; i < Elts.size(); ++i)
619         Types.push_back(Elts[i]->getType());
620       const llvm::StructType *SType = llvm::StructType::get(AType->getContext(),
621                                                             Types, true);
622       return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(SType, Elts);
623     }
624 
625     return llvm::ConstantArray::get(AType, Elts);
626   }
627 
628   llvm::Constant *EmitStructInitialization(InitListExpr *ILE) {
629     return ConstStructBuilder::BuildStruct(CGM, CGF, ILE);
630   }
631 
632   llvm::Constant *EmitUnionInitialization(InitListExpr *ILE) {
633     return ConstStructBuilder::BuildStruct(CGM, CGF, ILE);
634   }
635 
636   llvm::Constant *EmitVectorInitialization(InitListExpr *ILE) {
637     const llvm::VectorType *VType =
638         cast<llvm::VectorType>(ConvertType(ILE->getType()));
639     const llvm::Type *ElemTy = VType->getElementType();
640     std::vector<llvm::Constant*> Elts;
641     unsigned NumElements = VType->getNumElements();
642     unsigned NumInitElements = ILE->getNumInits();
643 
644     unsigned NumInitableElts = std::min(NumInitElements, NumElements);
645 
646     // Copy initializer elements.
647     unsigned i = 0;
648     for (; i < NumInitableElts; ++i) {
649       Expr *Init = ILE->getInit(i);
650       llvm::Constant *C = CGM.EmitConstantExpr(Init, Init->getType(), CGF);
651       if (!C)
652         return 0;
653       Elts.push_back(C);
654     }
655 
656     for (; i < NumElements; ++i)
657       Elts.push_back(llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ElemTy));
658 
659     return llvm::ConstantVector::get(VType, Elts);
660   }
661 
662   llvm::Constant *VisitImplicitValueInitExpr(ImplicitValueInitExpr* E) {
663     return CGM.EmitNullConstant(E->getType());
664   }
665 
666   llvm::Constant *VisitInitListExpr(InitListExpr *ILE) {
667     if (ILE->getType()->isScalarType()) {
668       // We have a scalar in braces. Just use the first element.
669       if (ILE->getNumInits() > 0) {
670         Expr *Init = ILE->getInit(0);
671         return CGM.EmitConstantExpr(Init, Init->getType(), CGF);
672       }
673       return CGM.EmitNullConstant(ILE->getType());
674     }
675 
676     if (ILE->getType()->isArrayType())
677       return EmitArrayInitialization(ILE);
678 
679     if (ILE->getType()->isRecordType())
680       return EmitStructInitialization(ILE);
681 
682     if (ILE->getType()->isUnionType())
683       return EmitUnionInitialization(ILE);
684 
685     if (ILE->getType()->isVectorType())
686       return EmitVectorInitialization(ILE);
687 
688     assert(0 && "Unable to handle InitListExpr");
689     // Get rid of control reaches end of void function warning.
690     // Not reached.
691     return 0;
692   }
693 
694   llvm::Constant *VisitStringLiteral(StringLiteral *E) {
695     assert(!E->getType()->isPointerType() && "Strings are always arrays");
696 
697     // This must be a string initializing an array in a static initializer.
698     // Don't emit it as the address of the string, emit the string data itself
699     // as an inline array.
700     return llvm::ConstantArray::get(VMContext,
701                                     CGM.GetStringForStringLiteral(E), false);
702   }
703 
704   llvm::Constant *VisitObjCEncodeExpr(ObjCEncodeExpr *E) {
705     // This must be an @encode initializing an array in a static initializer.
706     // Don't emit it as the address of the string, emit the string data itself
707     // as an inline array.
708     std::string Str;
709     CGM.getContext().getObjCEncodingForType(E->getEncodedType(), Str);
710     const ConstantArrayType *CAT = cast<ConstantArrayType>(E->getType());
711 
712     // Resize the string to the right size, adding zeros at the end, or
713     // truncating as needed.
714     Str.resize(CAT->getSize().getZExtValue(), '\0');
715     return llvm::ConstantArray::get(VMContext, Str, false);
716   }
717 
718   llvm::Constant *VisitUnaryExtension(const UnaryOperator *E) {
719     return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
720   }
721 
722   // Utility methods
723   const llvm::Type *ConvertType(QualType T) {
724     return CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(T);
725   }
726 
727 public:
728   llvm::Constant *EmitLValue(Expr *E) {
729     switch (E->getStmtClass()) {
730     default: break;
731     case Expr::CompoundLiteralExprClass: {
732       // Note that due to the nature of compound literals, this is guaranteed
733       // to be the only use of the variable, so we just generate it here.
734       CompoundLiteralExpr *CLE = cast<CompoundLiteralExpr>(E);
735       llvm::Constant* C = Visit(CLE->getInitializer());
736       // FIXME: "Leaked" on failure.
737       if (C)
738         C = new llvm::GlobalVariable(CGM.getModule(), C->getType(),
739                                      E->getType().isConstant(CGM.getContext()),
740                                      llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,
741                                      C, ".compoundliteral", 0, false,
742                                      E->getType().getAddressSpace());
743       return C;
744     }
745     case Expr::DeclRefExprClass: {
746       NamedDecl *Decl = cast<DeclRefExpr>(E)->getDecl();
747       if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(Decl))
748         return CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(FD);
749       if (const VarDecl* VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(Decl)) {
750         // We can never refer to a variable with local storage.
751         if (!VD->hasLocalStorage()) {
752           if (VD->isFileVarDecl() || VD->hasExternalStorage())
753             return CGM.GetAddrOfGlobalVar(VD);
754           else if (VD->isBlockVarDecl()) {
755             assert(CGF && "Can't access static local vars without CGF");
756             return CGF->GetAddrOfStaticLocalVar(VD);
757           }
758         }
759       }
760       break;
761     }
762     case Expr::StringLiteralClass:
763       return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantStringFromLiteral(cast<StringLiteral>(E));
764     case Expr::ObjCEncodeExprClass:
765       return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantStringFromObjCEncode(cast<ObjCEncodeExpr>(E));
766     case Expr::ObjCStringLiteralClass: {
767       ObjCStringLiteral* SL = cast<ObjCStringLiteral>(E);
768       llvm::Constant *C = CGM.getObjCRuntime().GenerateConstantString(SL);
769       return llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, ConvertType(E->getType()));
770     }
771     case Expr::PredefinedExprClass: {
772       unsigned Type = cast<PredefinedExpr>(E)->getIdentType();
773       if (CGF) {
774         LValue Res = CGF->EmitPredefinedFunctionName(Type);
775         return cast<llvm::Constant>(Res.getAddress());
776       } else if (Type == PredefinedExpr::PrettyFunction) {
777         return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCString("top level", ".tmp");
778       }
779 
780       return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCString("", ".tmp");
781     }
782     case Expr::AddrLabelExprClass: {
783       assert(CGF && "Invalid address of label expression outside function.");
784       llvm::Constant *Ptr =
785         CGF->GetAddrOfLabel(cast<AddrLabelExpr>(E)->getLabel());
786       return llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Ptr, ConvertType(E->getType()));
787     }
788     case Expr::CallExprClass: {
789       CallExpr* CE = cast<CallExpr>(E);
790       if (CE->isBuiltinCall(CGM.getContext()) !=
791             Builtin::BI__builtin___CFStringMakeConstantString)
792         break;
793       const Expr *Arg = CE->getArg(0)->IgnoreParenCasts();
794       const StringLiteral *Literal = cast<StringLiteral>(Arg);
795       // FIXME: need to deal with UCN conversion issues.
796       return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCFString(Literal);
797     }
798     case Expr::BlockExprClass: {
799       std::string FunctionName;
800       if (CGF)
801         FunctionName = CGF->CurFn->getName();
802       else
803         FunctionName = "global";
804 
805       return CGM.GetAddrOfGlobalBlock(cast<BlockExpr>(E), FunctionName.c_str());
806     }
807     }
808 
809     return 0;
810   }
811 };
812 
813 }  // end anonymous namespace.
814 
815 llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::EmitConstantExpr(const Expr *E,
816                                                 QualType DestType,
817                                                 CodeGenFunction *CGF) {
818   Expr::EvalResult Result;
819 
820   bool Success = false;
821 
822   if (DestType->isReferenceType())
823     Success = E->EvaluateAsLValue(Result, Context);
824   else
825     Success = E->Evaluate(Result, Context);
826 
827   if (Success && !Result.HasSideEffects) {
828     switch (Result.Val.getKind()) {
829     case APValue::Uninitialized:
830       assert(0 && "Constant expressions should be initialized.");
831       return 0;
832     case APValue::LValue: {
833       const llvm::Type *DestTy = getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(DestType);
834       llvm::Constant *Offset =
835         llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(VMContext),
836                                Result.Val.getLValueOffset());
837 
838       llvm::Constant *C;
839       if (const Expr *LVBase = Result.Val.getLValueBase()) {
840         C = ConstExprEmitter(*this, CGF).EmitLValue(const_cast<Expr*>(LVBase));
841 
842         // Apply offset if necessary.
843         if (!Offset->isNullValue()) {
844           const llvm::Type *Type = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(VMContext);
845           llvm::Constant *Casted = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, Type);
846           Casted = llvm::ConstantExpr::getGetElementPtr(Casted, &Offset, 1);
847           C = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Casted, C->getType());
848         }
849 
850         // Convert to the appropriate type; this could be an lvalue for
851         // an integer.
852         if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(DestTy))
853           return llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(C, DestTy);
854 
855         return llvm::ConstantExpr::getPtrToInt(C, DestTy);
856       } else {
857         C = Offset;
858 
859         // Convert to the appropriate type; this could be an lvalue for
860         // an integer.
861         if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(DestTy))
862           return llvm::ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr(C, DestTy);
863 
864         // If the types don't match this should only be a truncate.
865         if (C->getType() != DestTy)
866           return llvm::ConstantExpr::getTrunc(C, DestTy);
867 
868         return C;
869       }
870     }
871     case APValue::Int: {
872       llvm::Constant *C = llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext,
873                                                  Result.Val.getInt());
874 
875       if (C->getType() == llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(VMContext)) {
876         const llvm::Type *BoolTy = getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(E->getType());
877         C = llvm::ConstantExpr::getZExt(C, BoolTy);
878       }
879       return C;
880     }
881     case APValue::ComplexInt: {
882       llvm::Constant *Complex[2];
883 
884       Complex[0] = llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext,
885                                           Result.Val.getComplexIntReal());
886       Complex[1] = llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext,
887                                           Result.Val.getComplexIntImag());
888 
889       // FIXME: the target may want to specify that this is packed.
890       return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(VMContext, Complex, 2, false);
891     }
892     case APValue::Float:
893       return llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext, Result.Val.getFloat());
894     case APValue::ComplexFloat: {
895       llvm::Constant *Complex[2];
896 
897       Complex[0] = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext,
898                                          Result.Val.getComplexFloatReal());
899       Complex[1] = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext,
900                                          Result.Val.getComplexFloatImag());
901 
902       // FIXME: the target may want to specify that this is packed.
903       return llvm::ConstantStruct::get(VMContext, Complex, 2, false);
904     }
905     case APValue::Vector: {
906       llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 4> Inits;
907       unsigned NumElts = Result.Val.getVectorLength();
908 
909       for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumElts; ++i) {
910         APValue &Elt = Result.Val.getVectorElt(i);
911         if (Elt.isInt())
912           Inits.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, Elt.getInt()));
913         else
914           Inits.push_back(llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext, Elt.getFloat()));
915       }
916       return llvm::ConstantVector::get(&Inits[0], Inits.size());
917     }
918     }
919   }
920 
921   llvm::Constant* C = ConstExprEmitter(*this, CGF).Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));
922   if (C && C->getType() == llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(VMContext)) {
923     const llvm::Type *BoolTy = getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(E->getType());
924     C = llvm::ConstantExpr::getZExt(C, BoolTy);
925   }
926   return C;
927 }
928 
929 static inline bool isDataMemberPointerType(QualType T) {
930   if (const MemberPointerType *MPT = T->getAs<MemberPointerType>())
931     return !MPT->getPointeeType()->isFunctionType();
932 
933   return false;
934 }
935 
936 llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::EmitNullConstant(QualType T) {
937   // No need to check for member pointers when not compiling C++.
938   if (!getContext().getLangOptions().CPlusPlus)
939     return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(T));
940 
941   if (const ConstantArrayType *CAT = Context.getAsConstantArrayType(T)) {
942 
943     QualType ElementTy = CAT->getElementType();
944 
945     // FIXME: Handle arrays of structs that contain member pointers.
946     if (isDataMemberPointerType(Context.getBaseElementType(ElementTy))) {
947       llvm::Constant *Element = EmitNullConstant(ElementTy);
948       uint64_t NumElements = CAT->getSize().getZExtValue();
949       std::vector<llvm::Constant *> Array(NumElements);
950       for (uint64_t i = 0; i != NumElements; ++i)
951         Array[i] = Element;
952 
953       const llvm::ArrayType *ATy =
954         cast<llvm::ArrayType>(getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(T));
955       return llvm::ConstantArray::get(ATy, Array);
956     }
957   }
958 
959   if (const RecordType *RT = T->getAs<RecordType>()) {
960     const RecordDecl *RD = RT->getDecl();
961     // FIXME: It would be better if there was a way to explicitly compute the
962     // record layout instead of converting to a type.
963     Types.ConvertTagDeclType(RD);
964 
965     const CGRecordLayout &Layout = Types.getCGRecordLayout(RD);
966     if (Layout.containsMemberPointer()) {
967       assert(0 && "FIXME: No support for structs with member pointers yet!");
968     }
969   }
970 
971   // FIXME: Handle structs that contain member pointers.
972   if (isDataMemberPointerType(T))
973     return llvm::Constant::getAllOnesValue(getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(T));
974 
975   return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(T));
976 }
977