xref: /linux-6.15/lib/bitmap-str.c (revision aae06fc1)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only

#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/hex.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/string.h>

#include "kstrtox.h"

/**
 * bitmap_parse_user - convert an ASCII hex string in a user buffer into a bitmap
 *
 * @ubuf: pointer to user buffer containing string.
 * @ulen: buffer size in bytes.  If string is smaller than this
 *    then it must be terminated with a \0.
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap array that will contain result.
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits.
 */
int bitmap_parse_user(const char __user *ubuf,
			unsigned int ulen, unsigned long *maskp,
			int nmaskbits)
{
	char *buf;
	int ret;

	buf = memdup_user_nul(ubuf, ulen);
	if (IS_ERR(buf))
		return PTR_ERR(buf);

	ret = bitmap_parse(buf, UINT_MAX, maskp, nmaskbits);

	kfree(buf);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_parse_user);

/**
 * bitmap_print_to_pagebuf - convert bitmap to list or hex format ASCII string
 * @list: indicates whether the bitmap must be list
 * @buf: page aligned buffer into which string is placed
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap to convert
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits
 *
 * Output format is a comma-separated list of decimal numbers and
 * ranges if list is specified or hex digits grouped into comma-separated
 * sets of 8 digits/set. Returns the number of characters written to buf.
 *
 * It is assumed that @buf is a pointer into a PAGE_SIZE, page-aligned
 * area and that sufficient storage remains at @buf to accommodate the
 * bitmap_print_to_pagebuf() output. Returns the number of characters
 * actually printed to @buf, excluding terminating '\0'.
 */
int bitmap_print_to_pagebuf(bool list, char *buf, const unsigned long *maskp,
			    int nmaskbits)
{
	ptrdiff_t len = PAGE_SIZE - offset_in_page(buf);

	return list ? scnprintf(buf, len, "%*pbl\n", nmaskbits, maskp) :
		      scnprintf(buf, len, "%*pb\n", nmaskbits, maskp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_print_to_pagebuf);

/**
 * bitmap_print_to_buf  - convert bitmap to list or hex format ASCII string
 * @list: indicates whether the bitmap must be list
 *      true:  print in decimal list format
 *      false: print in hexadecimal bitmask format
 * @buf: buffer into which string is placed
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap to convert
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits
 * @off: in the string from which we are copying, We copy to @buf
 * @count: the maximum number of bytes to print
 */
static int bitmap_print_to_buf(bool list, char *buf, const unsigned long *maskp,
		int nmaskbits, loff_t off, size_t count)
{
	const char *fmt = list ? "%*pbl\n" : "%*pb\n";
	ssize_t size;
	void *data;

	data = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, fmt, nmaskbits, maskp);
	if (!data)
		return -ENOMEM;

	size = memory_read_from_buffer(buf, count, &off, data, strlen(data) + 1);
	kfree(data);

	return size;
}

/**
 * bitmap_print_bitmask_to_buf  - convert bitmap to hex bitmask format ASCII string
 * @buf: buffer into which string is placed
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap to convert
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits
 * @off: in the string from which we are copying, We copy to @buf
 * @count: the maximum number of bytes to print
 *
 * The bitmap_print_to_pagebuf() is used indirectly via its cpumap wrapper
 * cpumap_print_to_pagebuf() or directly by drivers to export hexadecimal
 * bitmask and decimal list to userspace by sysfs ABI.
 * Drivers might be using a normal attribute for this kind of ABIs. A
 * normal attribute typically has show entry as below::
 *
 *   static ssize_t example_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
 *		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 *   {
 *	...
 *	return bitmap_print_to_pagebuf(true, buf, &mask, nr_trig_max);
 *   }
 *
 * show entry of attribute has no offset and count parameters and this
 * means the file is limited to one page only.
 * bitmap_print_to_pagebuf() API works terribly well for this kind of
 * normal attribute with buf parameter and without offset, count::
 *
 *   bitmap_print_to_pagebuf(bool list, char *buf, const unsigned long *maskp,
 *			   int nmaskbits)
 *   {
 *   }
 *
 * The problem is once we have a large bitmap, we have a chance to get a
 * bitmask or list more than one page. Especially for list, it could be
 * as complex as 0,3,5,7,9,... We have no simple way to know it exact size.
 * It turns out bin_attribute is a way to break this limit. bin_attribute
 * has show entry as below::
 *
 *   static ssize_t
 *   example_bin_attribute_show(struct file *filp, struct kobject *kobj,
 *		struct bin_attribute *attr, char *buf,
 *		loff_t offset, size_t count)
 *   {
 *	...
 *   }
 *
 * With the new offset and count parameters, this makes sysfs ABI be able
 * to support file size more than one page. For example, offset could be
 * >= 4096.
 * bitmap_print_bitmask_to_buf(), bitmap_print_list_to_buf() wit their
 * cpumap wrapper cpumap_print_bitmask_to_buf(), cpumap_print_list_to_buf()
 * make those drivers be able to support large bitmask and list after they
 * move to use bin_attribute. In result, we have to pass the corresponding
 * parameters such as off, count from bin_attribute show entry to this API.
 *
 * The role of cpumap_print_bitmask_to_buf() and cpumap_print_list_to_buf()
 * is similar with cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(),  the difference is that
 * bitmap_print_to_pagebuf() mainly serves sysfs attribute with the assumption
 * the destination buffer is exactly one page and won't be more than one page.
 * cpumap_print_bitmask_to_buf() and cpumap_print_list_to_buf(), on the other
 * hand, mainly serves bin_attribute which doesn't work with exact one page,
 * and it can break the size limit of converted decimal list and hexadecimal
 * bitmask.
 *
 * WARNING!
 *
 * This function is not a replacement for sprintf() or bitmap_print_to_pagebuf().
 * It is intended to workaround sysfs limitations discussed above and should be
 * used carefully in general case for the following reasons:
 *
 *  - Time complexity is O(nbits^2/count), comparing to O(nbits) for snprintf().
 *  - Memory complexity is O(nbits), comparing to O(1) for snprintf().
 *  - @off and @count are NOT offset and number of bits to print.
 *  - If printing part of bitmap as list, the resulting string is not a correct
 *    list representation of bitmap. Particularly, some bits within or out of
 *    related interval may be erroneously set or unset. The format of the string
 *    may be broken, so bitmap_parselist-like parser may fail parsing it.
 *  - If printing the whole bitmap as list by parts, user must ensure the order
 *    of calls of the function such that the offset is incremented linearly.
 *  - If printing the whole bitmap as list by parts, user must keep bitmap
 *    unchanged between the very first and very last call. Otherwise concatenated
 *    result may be incorrect, and format may be broken.
 *
 * Returns the number of characters actually printed to @buf
 */
int bitmap_print_bitmask_to_buf(char *buf, const unsigned long *maskp,
				int nmaskbits, loff_t off, size_t count)
{
	return bitmap_print_to_buf(false, buf, maskp, nmaskbits, off, count);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_print_bitmask_to_buf);

/**
 * bitmap_print_list_to_buf  - convert bitmap to decimal list format ASCII string
 * @buf: buffer into which string is placed
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap to convert
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits
 * @off: in the string from which we are copying, We copy to @buf
 * @count: the maximum number of bytes to print
 *
 * Everything is same with the above bitmap_print_bitmask_to_buf() except
 * the print format.
 */
int bitmap_print_list_to_buf(char *buf, const unsigned long *maskp,
			     int nmaskbits, loff_t off, size_t count)
{
	return bitmap_print_to_buf(true, buf, maskp, nmaskbits, off, count);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_print_list_to_buf);

/*
 * Region 9-38:4/10 describes the following bitmap structure:
 * 0	   9  12    18			38	     N
 * .........****......****......****..................
 *	    ^  ^     ^			 ^	     ^
 *      start  off   group_len	       end	 nbits
 */
struct region {
	unsigned int start;
	unsigned int off;
	unsigned int group_len;
	unsigned int end;
	unsigned int nbits;
};

static void bitmap_set_region(const struct region *r, unsigned long *bitmap)
{
	unsigned int start;

	for (start = r->start; start <= r->end; start += r->group_len)
		bitmap_set(bitmap, start, min(r->end - start + 1, r->off));
}

static int bitmap_check_region(const struct region *r)
{
	if (r->start > r->end || r->group_len == 0 || r->off > r->group_len)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (r->end >= r->nbits)
		return -ERANGE;

	return 0;
}

static const char *bitmap_getnum(const char *str, unsigned int *num,
				 unsigned int lastbit)
{
	unsigned long long n;
	unsigned int len;

	if (str[0] == 'N') {
		*num = lastbit;
		return str + 1;
	}

	len = _parse_integer(str, 10, &n);
	if (!len)
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	if (len & KSTRTOX_OVERFLOW || n != (unsigned int)n)
		return ERR_PTR(-EOVERFLOW);

	*num = n;
	return str + len;
}

static inline bool end_of_str(char c)
{
	return c == '\0' || c == '\n';
}

static inline bool __end_of_region(char c)
{
	return isspace(c) || c == ',';
}

static inline bool end_of_region(char c)
{
	return __end_of_region(c) || end_of_str(c);
}

/*
 * The format allows commas and whitespaces at the beginning
 * of the region.
 */
static const char *bitmap_find_region(const char *str)
{
	while (__end_of_region(*str))
		str++;

	return end_of_str(*str) ? NULL : str;
}

static const char *bitmap_find_region_reverse(const char *start, const char *end)
{
	while (start <= end && __end_of_region(*end))
		end--;

	return end;
}

static const char *bitmap_parse_region(const char *str, struct region *r)
{
	unsigned int lastbit = r->nbits - 1;

	if (!strncasecmp(str, "all", 3)) {
		r->start = 0;
		r->end = lastbit;
		str += 3;

		goto check_pattern;
	}

	str = bitmap_getnum(str, &r->start, lastbit);
	if (IS_ERR(str))
		return str;

	if (end_of_region(*str))
		goto no_end;

	if (*str != '-')
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

	str = bitmap_getnum(str + 1, &r->end, lastbit);
	if (IS_ERR(str))
		return str;

check_pattern:
	if (end_of_region(*str))
		goto no_pattern;

	if (*str != ':')
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

	str = bitmap_getnum(str + 1, &r->off, lastbit);
	if (IS_ERR(str))
		return str;

	if (*str != '/')
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

	return bitmap_getnum(str + 1, &r->group_len, lastbit);

no_end:
	r->end = r->start;
no_pattern:
	r->off = r->end + 1;
	r->group_len = r->end + 1;

	return end_of_str(*str) ? NULL : str;
}

/**
 * bitmap_parselist - convert list format ASCII string to bitmap
 * @buf: read user string from this buffer; must be terminated
 *    with a \0 or \n.
 * @maskp: write resulting mask here
 * @nmaskbits: number of bits in mask to be written
 *
 * Input format is a comma-separated list of decimal numbers and
 * ranges.  Consecutively set bits are shown as two hyphen-separated
 * decimal numbers, the smallest and largest bit numbers set in
 * the range.
 * Optionally each range can be postfixed to denote that only parts of it
 * should be set. The range will divided to groups of specific size.
 * From each group will be used only defined amount of bits.
 * Syntax: range:used_size/group_size
 * Example: 0-1023:2/256 ==> 0,1,256,257,512,513,768,769
 * The value 'N' can be used as a dynamically substituted token for the
 * maximum allowed value; i.e (nmaskbits - 1).  Keep in mind that it is
 * dynamic, so if system changes cause the bitmap width to change, such
 * as more cores in a CPU list, then any ranges using N will also change.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -errno on invalid input strings. Error values:
 *
 *   - ``-EINVAL``: wrong region format
 *   - ``-EINVAL``: invalid character in string
 *   - ``-ERANGE``: bit number specified too large for mask
 *   - ``-EOVERFLOW``: integer overflow in the input parameters
 */
int bitmap_parselist(const char *buf, unsigned long *maskp, int nmaskbits)
{
	struct region r;
	long ret;

	r.nbits = nmaskbits;
	bitmap_zero(maskp, r.nbits);

	while (buf) {
		buf = bitmap_find_region(buf);
		if (buf == NULL)
			return 0;

		buf = bitmap_parse_region(buf, &r);
		if (IS_ERR(buf))
			return PTR_ERR(buf);

		ret = bitmap_check_region(&r);
		if (ret)
			return ret;

		bitmap_set_region(&r, maskp);
	}

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_parselist);


/**
 * bitmap_parselist_user() - convert user buffer's list format ASCII
 * string to bitmap
 *
 * @ubuf: pointer to user buffer containing string.
 * @ulen: buffer size in bytes.  If string is smaller than this
 *    then it must be terminated with a \0.
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap array that will contain result.
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits.
 *
 * Wrapper for bitmap_parselist(), providing it with user buffer.
 */
int bitmap_parselist_user(const char __user *ubuf,
			unsigned int ulen, unsigned long *maskp,
			int nmaskbits)
{
	char *buf;
	int ret;

	buf = memdup_user_nul(ubuf, ulen);
	if (IS_ERR(buf))
		return PTR_ERR(buf);

	ret = bitmap_parselist(buf, maskp, nmaskbits);

	kfree(buf);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_parselist_user);

static const char *bitmap_get_x32_reverse(const char *start,
					const char *end, u32 *num)
{
	u32 ret = 0;
	int c, i;

	for (i = 0; i < 32; i += 4) {
		c = hex_to_bin(*end--);
		if (c < 0)
			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

		ret |= c << i;

		if (start > end || __end_of_region(*end))
			goto out;
	}

	if (hex_to_bin(*end--) >= 0)
		return ERR_PTR(-EOVERFLOW);
out:
	*num = ret;
	return end;
}

/**
 * bitmap_parse - convert an ASCII hex string into a bitmap.
 * @start: pointer to buffer containing string.
 * @buflen: buffer size in bytes.  If string is smaller than this
 *    then it must be terminated with a \0 or \n. In that case,
 *    UINT_MAX may be provided instead of string length.
 * @maskp: pointer to bitmap array that will contain result.
 * @nmaskbits: size of bitmap, in bits.
 *
 * Commas group hex digits into chunks.  Each chunk defines exactly 32
 * bits of the resultant bitmask.  No chunk may specify a value larger
 * than 32 bits (%-EOVERFLOW), and if a chunk specifies a smaller value
 * then leading 0-bits are prepended.  %-EINVAL is returned for illegal
 * characters. Grouping such as "1,,5", ",44", "," or "" is allowed.
 * Leading, embedded and trailing whitespace accepted.
 */
int bitmap_parse(const char *start, unsigned int buflen,
		unsigned long *maskp, int nmaskbits)
{
	const char *end = strnchrnul(start, buflen, '\n') - 1;
	int chunks = BITS_TO_U32(nmaskbits);
	u32 *bitmap = (u32 *)maskp;
	int unset_bit;
	int chunk;

	for (chunk = 0; ; chunk++) {
		end = bitmap_find_region_reverse(start, end);
		if (start > end)
			break;

		if (!chunks--)
			return -EOVERFLOW;

#if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
		end = bitmap_get_x32_reverse(start, end, &bitmap[chunk ^ 1]);
#else
		end = bitmap_get_x32_reverse(start, end, &bitmap[chunk]);
#endif
		if (IS_ERR(end))
			return PTR_ERR(end);
	}

	unset_bit = (BITS_TO_U32(nmaskbits) - chunks) * 32;
	if (unset_bit < nmaskbits) {
		bitmap_clear(maskp, unset_bit, nmaskbits - unset_bit);
		return 0;
	}

	if (find_next_bit(maskp, unset_bit, nmaskbits) != unset_bit)
		return -EOVERFLOW;

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bitmap_parse);