xref: /linux-6.15/kernel/kexec.c (revision 79365026)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * kexec.c - kexec_load system call
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2004 Eric Biederman  <[email protected]>
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include "kexec_internal.h"

static int kimage_alloc_init(struct kimage **rimage, unsigned long entry,
			     unsigned long nr_segments,
			     struct kexec_segment *segments,
			     unsigned long flags)
{
	int ret;
	struct kimage *image;
	bool kexec_on_panic = flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH;

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
	if (kexec_on_panic) {
		/* Verify we have a valid entry point */
		if ((entry < phys_to_boot_phys(crashk_res.start)) ||
		    (entry > phys_to_boot_phys(crashk_res.end)))
			return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
	}
#endif

	/* Allocate and initialize a controlling structure */
	image = do_kimage_alloc_init();
	if (!image)
		return -ENOMEM;

	image->start = entry;
	image->nr_segments = nr_segments;
	memcpy(image->segment, segments, nr_segments * sizeof(*segments));

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
	if (kexec_on_panic) {
		/* Enable special crash kernel control page alloc policy. */
		image->control_page = crashk_res.start;
		image->type = KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH;
	}
#endif

	ret = sanity_check_segment_list(image);
	if (ret)
		goto out_free_image;

	/*
	 * Find a location for the control code buffer, and add it
	 * the vector of segments so that it's pages will also be
	 * counted as destination pages.
	 */
	ret = -ENOMEM;
	image->control_code_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image,
					   get_order(KEXEC_CONTROL_PAGE_SIZE));
	if (!image->control_code_page) {
		pr_err("Could not allocate control_code_buffer\n");
		goto out_free_image;
	}

	if (!kexec_on_panic) {
		image->swap_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image, 0);
		if (!image->swap_page) {
			pr_err("Could not allocate swap buffer\n");
			goto out_free_control_pages;
		}
	}

	*rimage = image;
	return 0;
out_free_control_pages:
	kimage_free_page_list(&image->control_pages);
out_free_image:
	kfree(image);
	return ret;
}

static int do_kexec_load(unsigned long entry, unsigned long nr_segments,
		struct kexec_segment *segments, unsigned long flags)
{
	struct kimage **dest_image, *image;
	unsigned long i;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * Because we write directly to the reserved memory region when loading
	 * crash kernels we need a serialization here to prevent multiple crash
	 * kernels from attempting to load simultaneously.
	 */
	if (!kexec_trylock())
		return -EBUSY;

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
	if (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) {
		dest_image = &kexec_crash_image;
		if (kexec_crash_image)
			arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres();
	} else
#endif
		dest_image = &kexec_image;

	if (nr_segments == 0) {
		/* Uninstall image */
		kimage_free(xchg(dest_image, NULL));
		ret = 0;
		goto out_unlock;
	}
	if (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) {
		/*
		 * Loading another kernel to switch to if this one
		 * crashes.  Free any current crash dump kernel before
		 * we corrupt it.
		 */
		kimage_free(xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL));
	}

	ret = kimage_alloc_init(&image, entry, nr_segments, segments, flags);
	if (ret)
		goto out_unlock;

	if (flags & KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT)
		image->preserve_context = 1;

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
	if ((flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) && arch_crash_hotplug_support(image, flags))
		image->hotplug_support = 1;
#endif

	ret = machine_kexec_prepare(image);
	if (ret)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * Some architecture(like S390) may touch the crash memory before
	 * machine_kexec_prepare(), we must copy vmcoreinfo data after it.
	 */
	ret = kimage_crash_copy_vmcoreinfo(image);
	if (ret)
		goto out;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) {
		ret = kimage_load_segment(image, &image->segment[i]);
		if (ret)
			goto out;
	}

	kimage_terminate(image);

	ret = machine_kexec_post_load(image);
	if (ret)
		goto out;

	/* Install the new kernel and uninstall the old */
	image = xchg(dest_image, image);

out:
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
	if ((flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) && kexec_crash_image)
		arch_kexec_protect_crashkres();
#endif

	kimage_free(image);
out_unlock:
	kexec_unlock();
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Exec Kernel system call: for obvious reasons only root may call it.
 *
 * This call breaks up into three pieces.
 * - A generic part which loads the new kernel from the current
 *   address space, and very carefully places the data in the
 *   allocated pages.
 *
 * - A generic part that interacts with the kernel and tells all of
 *   the devices to shut down.  Preventing on-going dmas, and placing
 *   the devices in a consistent state so a later kernel can
 *   reinitialize them.
 *
 * - A machine specific part that includes the syscall number
 *   and then copies the image to it's final destination.  And
 *   jumps into the image at entry.
 *
 * kexec does not sync, or unmount filesystems so if you need
 * that to happen you need to do that yourself.
 */

static inline int kexec_load_check(unsigned long nr_segments,
				   unsigned long flags)
{
	int image_type = (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) ?
			 KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH : KEXEC_TYPE_DEFAULT;
	int result;

	/* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */
	if (!kexec_load_permitted(image_type))
		return -EPERM;

	/* Permit LSMs and IMA to fail the kexec */
	result = security_kernel_load_data(LOADING_KEXEC_IMAGE, false);
	if (result < 0)
		return result;

	/*
	 * kexec can be used to circumvent module loading restrictions, so
	 * prevent loading in that case
	 */
	result = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_KEXEC);
	if (result)
		return result;

	/*
	 * Verify we have a legal set of flags
	 * This leaves us room for future extensions.
	 */
	if ((flags & KEXEC_FLAGS) != (flags & ~KEXEC_ARCH_MASK))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Put an artificial cap on the number
	 * of segments passed to kexec_load.
	 */
	if (nr_segments > KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX)
		return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(kexec_load, unsigned long, entry, unsigned long, nr_segments,
		struct kexec_segment __user *, segments, unsigned long, flags)
{
	struct kexec_segment *ksegments;
	unsigned long result;

	result = kexec_load_check(nr_segments, flags);
	if (result)
		return result;

	/* Verify we are on the appropriate architecture */
	if (((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) != KEXEC_ARCH) &&
		((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) != KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT))
		return -EINVAL;

	ksegments = memdup_array_user(segments, nr_segments, sizeof(ksegments[0]));
	if (IS_ERR(ksegments))
		return PTR_ERR(ksegments);

	result = do_kexec_load(entry, nr_segments, ksegments, flags);
	kfree(ksegments);

	return result;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(kexec_load, compat_ulong_t, entry,
		       compat_ulong_t, nr_segments,
		       struct compat_kexec_segment __user *, segments,
		       compat_ulong_t, flags)
{
	struct compat_kexec_segment in;
	struct kexec_segment *ksegments;
	unsigned long i, result;

	result = kexec_load_check(nr_segments, flags);
	if (result)
		return result;

	/* Don't allow clients that don't understand the native
	 * architecture to do anything.
	 */
	if ((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) == KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT)
		return -EINVAL;

	ksegments = kmalloc_array(nr_segments, sizeof(ksegments[0]),
			GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ksegments)
		return -ENOMEM;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) {
		result = copy_from_user(&in, &segments[i], sizeof(in));
		if (result)
			goto fail;

		ksegments[i].buf   = compat_ptr(in.buf);
		ksegments[i].bufsz = in.bufsz;
		ksegments[i].mem   = in.mem;
		ksegments[i].memsz = in.memsz;
	}

	result = do_kexec_load(entry, nr_segments, ksegments, flags);

fail:
	kfree(ksegments);
	return result;
}
#endif