xref: /linux-6.15/include/uapi/linux/userfaultfd.h (revision fc71884a)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
2 /*
3  *  include/linux/userfaultfd.h
4  *
5  *  Copyright (C) 2007  Davide Libenzi <[email protected]>
6  *  Copyright (C) 2015  Red Hat, Inc.
7  *
8  */
9 
10 #ifndef _LINUX_USERFAULTFD_H
11 #define _LINUX_USERFAULTFD_H
12 
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 
15 /* ioctls for /dev/userfaultfd */
16 #define USERFAULTFD_IOC 0xAA
17 #define USERFAULTFD_IOC_NEW _IO(USERFAULTFD_IOC, 0x00)
18 
19 /*
20  * If the UFFDIO_API is upgraded someday, the UFFDIO_UNREGISTER and
21  * UFFDIO_WAKE ioctls should be defined as _IOW and not as _IOR.  In
22  * userfaultfd.h we assumed the kernel was reading (instead _IOC_READ
23  * means the userland is reading).
24  */
25 #define UFFD_API ((__u64)0xAA)
26 #define UFFD_API_REGISTER_MODES (UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING |	\
27 				 UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP |	\
28 				 UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR)
29 #define UFFD_API_FEATURES (UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP |	\
30 			   UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_FORK |		\
31 			   UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_REMAP |		\
32 			   UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_REMOVE |		\
33 			   UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_UNMAP |		\
34 			   UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS |	\
35 			   UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM |		\
36 			   UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS |		\
37 			   UFFD_FEATURE_THREAD_ID |		\
38 			   UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS |	\
39 			   UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_SHMEM |		\
40 			   UFFD_FEATURE_EXACT_ADDRESS |		\
41 			   UFFD_FEATURE_WP_HUGETLBFS_SHMEM |	\
42 			   UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED)
43 #define UFFD_API_IOCTLS				\
44 	((__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_REGISTER |		\
45 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_UNREGISTER |	\
46 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_API)
47 #define UFFD_API_RANGE_IOCTLS			\
48 	((__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WAKE |		\
49 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_COPY |		\
50 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE |		\
51 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT |	\
52 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_CONTINUE)
53 #define UFFD_API_RANGE_IOCTLS_BASIC		\
54 	((__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WAKE |		\
55 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_COPY |		\
56 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_CONTINUE |		\
57 	 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT)
58 
59 /*
60  * Valid ioctl command number range with this API is from 0x00 to
61  * 0x3F.  UFFDIO_API is the fixed number, everything else can be
62  * changed by implementing a different UFFD_API. If sticking to the
63  * same UFFD_API more ioctl can be added and userland will be aware of
64  * which ioctl the running kernel implements through the ioctl command
65  * bitmask written by the UFFDIO_API.
66  */
67 #define _UFFDIO_REGISTER		(0x00)
68 #define _UFFDIO_UNREGISTER		(0x01)
69 #define _UFFDIO_WAKE			(0x02)
70 #define _UFFDIO_COPY			(0x03)
71 #define _UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE		(0x04)
72 #define _UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT		(0x06)
73 #define _UFFDIO_CONTINUE		(0x07)
74 #define _UFFDIO_POISON			(0x08)
75 #define _UFFDIO_API			(0x3F)
76 
77 /* userfaultfd ioctl ids */
78 #define UFFDIO 0xAA
79 #define UFFDIO_API		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_API,	\
80 				      struct uffdio_api)
81 #define UFFDIO_REGISTER		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_REGISTER, \
82 				      struct uffdio_register)
83 #define UFFDIO_UNREGISTER	_IOR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_UNREGISTER,	\
84 				     struct uffdio_range)
85 #define UFFDIO_WAKE		_IOR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_WAKE,	\
86 				     struct uffdio_range)
87 #define UFFDIO_COPY		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_COPY,	\
88 				      struct uffdio_copy)
89 #define UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE,	\
90 				      struct uffdio_zeropage)
91 #define UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT	_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT, \
92 				      struct uffdio_writeprotect)
93 #define UFFDIO_CONTINUE		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_CONTINUE,	\
94 				      struct uffdio_continue)
95 #define UFFDIO_POISON		_IOWR(UFFDIO, _UFFDIO_POISON, \
96 				      struct uffdio_poison)
97 
98 /* read() structure */
99 struct uffd_msg {
100 	__u8	event;
101 
102 	__u8	reserved1;
103 	__u16	reserved2;
104 	__u32	reserved3;
105 
106 	union {
107 		struct {
108 			__u64	flags;
109 			__u64	address;
110 			union {
111 				__u32 ptid;
112 			} feat;
113 		} pagefault;
114 
115 		struct {
116 			__u32	ufd;
117 		} fork;
118 
119 		struct {
120 			__u64	from;
121 			__u64	to;
122 			__u64	len;
123 		} remap;
124 
125 		struct {
126 			__u64	start;
127 			__u64	end;
128 		} remove;
129 
130 		struct {
131 			/* unused reserved fields */
132 			__u64	reserved1;
133 			__u64	reserved2;
134 			__u64	reserved3;
135 		} reserved;
136 	} arg;
137 } __packed;
138 
139 /*
140  * Start at 0x12 and not at 0 to be more strict against bugs.
141  */
142 #define UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT	0x12
143 #define UFFD_EVENT_FORK		0x13
144 #define UFFD_EVENT_REMAP	0x14
145 #define UFFD_EVENT_REMOVE	0x15
146 #define UFFD_EVENT_UNMAP	0x16
147 
148 /* flags for UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT */
149 #define UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WRITE	(1<<0)	/* If this was a write fault */
150 #define UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP		(1<<1)	/* If reason is VM_UFFD_WP */
151 #define UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_MINOR	(1<<2)	/* If reason is VM_UFFD_MINOR */
152 
153 struct uffdio_api {
154 	/* userland asks for an API number and the features to enable */
155 	__u64 api;
156 	/*
157 	 * Kernel answers below with the all available features for
158 	 * the API, this notifies userland of which events and/or
159 	 * which flags for each event are enabled in the current
160 	 * kernel.
161 	 *
162 	 * Note: UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT and UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WRITE
163 	 * are to be considered implicitly always enabled in all kernels as
164 	 * long as the uffdio_api.api requested matches UFFD_API.
165 	 *
166 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS means an UFFDIO_REGISTER
167 	 * with UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING mode will succeed on
168 	 * hugetlbfs virtual memory ranges. Adding or not adding
169 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS to uffdio_api.features has
170 	 * no real functional effect after UFFDIO_API returns, but
171 	 * it's only useful for an initial feature set probe at
172 	 * UFFDIO_API time. There are two ways to use it:
173 	 *
174 	 * 1) by adding UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS to the
175 	 *    uffdio_api.features before calling UFFDIO_API, an error
176 	 *    will be returned by UFFDIO_API on a kernel without
177 	 *    hugetlbfs missing support
178 	 *
179 	 * 2) the UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS can not be added in
180 	 *    uffdio_api.features and instead it will be set by the
181 	 *    kernel in the uffdio_api.features if the kernel supports
182 	 *    it, so userland can later check if the feature flag is
183 	 *    present in uffdio_api.features after UFFDIO_API
184 	 *    succeeded.
185 	 *
186 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM works the same as
187 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS, but it applies to shmem
188 	 * (i.e. tmpfs and other shmem based APIs).
189 	 *
190 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS feature means no page-fault
191 	 * (UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT) event will be delivered, instead
192 	 * a SIGBUS signal will be sent to the faulting process.
193 	 *
194 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_THREAD_ID pid of the page faulted task_struct will
195 	 * be returned, if feature is not requested 0 will be returned.
196 	 *
197 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS indicates that minor faults
198 	 * can be intercepted (via REGISTER_MODE_MINOR) for
199 	 * hugetlbfs-backed pages.
200 	 *
201 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_SHMEM indicates the same support as
202 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS, but for shmem-backed pages instead.
203 	 *
204 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_EXACT_ADDRESS indicates that the exact address of page
205 	 * faults would be provided and the offset within the page would not be
206 	 * masked.
207 	 *
208 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_WP_HUGETLBFS_SHMEM indicates that userfaultfd
209 	 * write-protection mode is supported on both shmem and hugetlbfs.
210 	 *
211 	 * UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED indicates that userfaultfd
212 	 * write-protection mode will always apply to unpopulated pages
213 	 * (i.e. empty ptes).  This will be the default behavior for shmem
214 	 * & hugetlbfs, so this flag only affects anonymous memory behavior
215 	 * when userfault write-protection mode is registered.
216 	 */
217 #define UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP		(1<<0)
218 #define UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_FORK			(1<<1)
219 #define UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_REMAP		(1<<2)
220 #define UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_REMOVE		(1<<3)
221 #define UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS		(1<<4)
222 #define UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM		(1<<5)
223 #define UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_UNMAP		(1<<6)
224 #define UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS			(1<<7)
225 #define UFFD_FEATURE_THREAD_ID			(1<<8)
226 #define UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS		(1<<9)
227 #define UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_SHMEM		(1<<10)
228 #define UFFD_FEATURE_EXACT_ADDRESS		(1<<11)
229 #define UFFD_FEATURE_WP_HUGETLBFS_SHMEM		(1<<12)
230 #define UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED		(1<<13)
231 #define UFFD_FEATURE_POISON			(1<<14)
232 	__u64 features;
233 
234 	__u64 ioctls;
235 };
236 
237 struct uffdio_range {
238 	__u64 start;
239 	__u64 len;
240 };
241 
242 struct uffdio_register {
243 	struct uffdio_range range;
244 #define UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING	((__u64)1<<0)
245 #define UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP		((__u64)1<<1)
246 #define UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR	((__u64)1<<2)
247 	__u64 mode;
248 
249 	/*
250 	 * kernel answers which ioctl commands are available for the
251 	 * range, keep at the end as the last 8 bytes aren't read.
252 	 */
253 	__u64 ioctls;
254 };
255 
256 struct uffdio_copy {
257 	__u64 dst;
258 	__u64 src;
259 	__u64 len;
260 #define UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_DONTWAKE		((__u64)1<<0)
261 	/*
262 	 * UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_WP will map the page write protected on
263 	 * the fly.  UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_WP is available only if the
264 	 * write protected ioctl is implemented for the range
265 	 * according to the uffdio_register.ioctls.
266 	 */
267 #define UFFDIO_COPY_MODE_WP			((__u64)1<<1)
268 	__u64 mode;
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * "copy" is written by the ioctl and must be at the end: the
272 	 * copy_from_user will not read the last 8 bytes.
273 	 */
274 	__s64 copy;
275 };
276 
277 struct uffdio_zeropage {
278 	struct uffdio_range range;
279 #define UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE_MODE_DONTWAKE		((__u64)1<<0)
280 	__u64 mode;
281 
282 	/*
283 	 * "zeropage" is written by the ioctl and must be at the end:
284 	 * the copy_from_user will not read the last 8 bytes.
285 	 */
286 	__s64 zeropage;
287 };
288 
289 struct uffdio_writeprotect {
290 	struct uffdio_range range;
291 /*
292  * UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP: set the flag to write protect a range,
293  * unset the flag to undo protection of a range which was previously
294  * write protected.
295  *
296  * UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_DONTWAKE: set the flag to avoid waking up
297  * any wait thread after the operation succeeds.
298  *
299  * NOTE: Write protecting a region (WP=1) is unrelated to page faults,
300  * therefore DONTWAKE flag is meaningless with WP=1.  Removing write
301  * protection (WP=0) in response to a page fault wakes the faulting
302  * task unless DONTWAKE is set.
303  */
304 #define UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP		((__u64)1<<0)
305 #define UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_DONTWAKE	((__u64)1<<1)
306 	__u64 mode;
307 };
308 
309 struct uffdio_continue {
310 	struct uffdio_range range;
311 #define UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_DONTWAKE		((__u64)1<<0)
312 	/*
313 	 * UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_WP will map the page write protected on
314 	 * the fly.  UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_WP is available only if the
315 	 * write protected ioctl is implemented for the range
316 	 * according to the uffdio_register.ioctls.
317 	 */
318 #define UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_WP			((__u64)1<<1)
319 	__u64 mode;
320 
321 	/*
322 	 * Fields below here are written by the ioctl and must be at the end:
323 	 * the copy_from_user will not read past here.
324 	 */
325 	__s64 mapped;
326 };
327 
328 struct uffdio_poison {
329 	struct uffdio_range range;
330 #define UFFDIO_POISON_MODE_DONTWAKE		((__u64)1<<0)
331 	__u64 mode;
332 
333 	/*
334 	 * Fields below here are written by the ioctl and must be at the end:
335 	 * the copy_from_user will not read past here.
336 	 */
337 	__s64 updated;
338 };
339 
340 /*
341  * Flags for the userfaultfd(2) system call itself.
342  */
343 
344 /*
345  * Create a userfaultfd that can handle page faults only in user mode.
346  */
347 #define UFFD_USER_MODE_ONLY 1
348 
349 #endif /* _LINUX_USERFAULTFD_H */
350