xref: /linux-6.15/include/uapi/linux/ublk_cmd.h (revision 8564c315)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
2 #ifndef USER_BLK_DRV_CMD_INC_H
3 #define USER_BLK_DRV_CMD_INC_H
4 
5 #include <linux/types.h>
6 
7 /* ublk server command definition */
8 
9 /*
10  * Admin commands, issued by ublk server, and handled by ublk driver.
11  *
12  * Legacy command definition, don't use in new application, and don't
13  * add new such definition any more
14  */
15 #define	UBLK_CMD_GET_QUEUE_AFFINITY	0x01
16 #define	UBLK_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO	0x02
17 #define	UBLK_CMD_ADD_DEV		0x04
18 #define	UBLK_CMD_DEL_DEV		0x05
19 #define	UBLK_CMD_START_DEV	0x06
20 #define	UBLK_CMD_STOP_DEV	0x07
21 #define	UBLK_CMD_SET_PARAMS	0x08
22 #define	UBLK_CMD_GET_PARAMS	0x09
23 #define	UBLK_CMD_START_USER_RECOVERY	0x10
24 #define	UBLK_CMD_END_USER_RECOVERY	0x11
25 #define	UBLK_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO2		0x12
26 
27 /* Any new ctrl command should encode by __IO*() */
28 #define UBLK_U_CMD_GET_QUEUE_AFFINITY	\
29 	_IOR('u', UBLK_CMD_GET_QUEUE_AFFINITY, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
30 #define UBLK_U_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO		\
31 	_IOR('u', UBLK_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
32 #define UBLK_U_CMD_ADD_DEV		\
33 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_ADD_DEV, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
34 #define UBLK_U_CMD_DEL_DEV		\
35 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_DEL_DEV, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
36 #define UBLK_U_CMD_START_DEV		\
37 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_START_DEV, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
38 #define UBLK_U_CMD_STOP_DEV		\
39 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_STOP_DEV, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
40 #define UBLK_U_CMD_SET_PARAMS		\
41 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_SET_PARAMS, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
42 #define UBLK_U_CMD_GET_PARAMS		\
43 	_IOR('u', UBLK_CMD_GET_PARAMS, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
44 #define UBLK_U_CMD_START_USER_RECOVERY	\
45 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_START_USER_RECOVERY, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
46 #define UBLK_U_CMD_END_USER_RECOVERY	\
47 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_CMD_END_USER_RECOVERY, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
48 #define UBLK_U_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO2	\
49 	_IOR('u', UBLK_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO2, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
50 #define UBLK_U_CMD_GET_FEATURES	\
51 	_IOR('u', 0x13, struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd)
52 
53 /*
54  * 64bits are enough now, and it should be easy to extend in case of
55  * running out of feature flags
56  */
57 #define UBLK_FEATURES_LEN  8
58 
59 /*
60  * IO commands, issued by ublk server, and handled by ublk driver.
61  *
62  * FETCH_REQ: issued via sqe(URING_CMD) beforehand for fetching IO request
63  *      from ublk driver, should be issued only when starting device. After
64  *      the associated cqe is returned, request's tag can be retrieved via
65  *      cqe->userdata.
66  *
67  * COMMIT_AND_FETCH_REQ: issued via sqe(URING_CMD) after ublkserver handled
68  *      this IO request, request's handling result is committed to ublk
69  *      driver, meantime FETCH_REQ is piggyback, and FETCH_REQ has to be
70  *      handled before completing io request.
71  *
72  * NEED_GET_DATA: only used for write requests to set io addr and copy data
73  *      When NEED_GET_DATA is set, ublksrv has to issue UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA
74  *      command after ublk driver returns UBLK_IO_RES_NEED_GET_DATA.
75  *
76  *      It is only used if ublksrv set UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA flag
77  *      while starting a ublk device.
78  */
79 
80 /*
81  * Legacy IO command definition, don't use in new application, and don't
82  * add new such definition any more
83  */
84 #define	UBLK_IO_FETCH_REQ		0x20
85 #define	UBLK_IO_COMMIT_AND_FETCH_REQ	0x21
86 #define	UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA	0x22
87 
88 /* Any new IO command should encode by __IOWR() */
89 #define	UBLK_U_IO_FETCH_REQ		\
90 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_IO_FETCH_REQ, struct ublksrv_io_cmd)
91 #define	UBLK_U_IO_COMMIT_AND_FETCH_REQ	\
92 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_IO_COMMIT_AND_FETCH_REQ, struct ublksrv_io_cmd)
93 #define	UBLK_U_IO_NEED_GET_DATA		\
94 	_IOWR('u', UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA, struct ublksrv_io_cmd)
95 
96 /* only ABORT means that no re-fetch */
97 #define UBLK_IO_RES_OK			0
98 #define UBLK_IO_RES_NEED_GET_DATA	1
99 #define UBLK_IO_RES_ABORT		(-ENODEV)
100 
101 #define UBLKSRV_CMD_BUF_OFFSET	0
102 #define UBLKSRV_IO_BUF_OFFSET	0x80000000
103 
104 /* tag bit is 16bit, so far limit at most 4096 IOs for each queue */
105 #define UBLK_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH	4096
106 
107 /* single IO buffer max size is 32MB */
108 #define UBLK_IO_BUF_OFF		0
109 #define UBLK_IO_BUF_BITS	25
110 #define UBLK_IO_BUF_BITS_MASK	((1ULL << UBLK_IO_BUF_BITS) - 1)
111 
112 /* so at most 64K IOs for each queue */
113 #define UBLK_TAG_OFF		UBLK_IO_BUF_BITS
114 #define UBLK_TAG_BITS		16
115 #define UBLK_TAG_BITS_MASK	((1ULL << UBLK_TAG_BITS) - 1)
116 
117 /* max 4096 queues */
118 #define UBLK_QID_OFF		(UBLK_TAG_OFF + UBLK_TAG_BITS)
119 #define UBLK_QID_BITS		12
120 #define UBLK_QID_BITS_MASK	((1ULL << UBLK_QID_BITS) - 1)
121 
122 #define UBLK_MAX_NR_QUEUES	(1U << UBLK_QID_BITS)
123 
124 #define UBLKSRV_IO_BUF_TOTAL_BITS	(UBLK_QID_OFF + UBLK_QID_BITS)
125 #define UBLKSRV_IO_BUF_TOTAL_SIZE	(1ULL << UBLKSRV_IO_BUF_TOTAL_BITS)
126 
127 /*
128  * zero copy requires 4k block size, and can remap ublk driver's io
129  * request into ublksrv's vm space
130  */
131 #define UBLK_F_SUPPORT_ZERO_COPY	(1ULL << 0)
132 
133 /*
134  * Force to complete io cmd via io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task so that
135  * performance comparison is done easily with using task_work_add
136  */
137 #define UBLK_F_URING_CMD_COMP_IN_TASK	(1ULL << 1)
138 
139 /*
140  * User should issue io cmd again for write requests to
141  * set io buffer address and copy data from bio vectors
142  * to the userspace io buffer.
143  *
144  * In this mode, task_work is not used.
145  */
146 #define UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA (1UL << 2)
147 
148 #define UBLK_F_USER_RECOVERY	(1UL << 3)
149 
150 #define UBLK_F_USER_RECOVERY_REISSUE	(1UL << 4)
151 
152 /*
153  * Unprivileged user can create /dev/ublkcN and /dev/ublkbN.
154  *
155  * /dev/ublk-control needs to be available for unprivileged user, and it
156  * can be done via udev rule to make all control commands available to
157  * unprivileged user. Except for the command of UBLK_CMD_ADD_DEV, all
158  * other commands are only allowed for the owner of the specified device.
159  *
160  * When userspace sends UBLK_CMD_ADD_DEV, the device pair's owner_uid and
161  * owner_gid are stored to ublksrv_ctrl_dev_info by kernel, so far only
162  * the current user's uid/gid is stored, that said owner of the created
163  * device is always the current user.
164  *
165  * We still need udev rule to apply OWNER/GROUP with the stored owner_uid
166  * and owner_gid.
167  *
168  * Then ublk server can be run as unprivileged user, and /dev/ublkbN can
169  * be accessed and managed by its owner represented by owner_uid/owner_gid.
170  */
171 #define UBLK_F_UNPRIVILEGED_DEV	(1UL << 5)
172 
173 /* use ioctl encoding for uring command */
174 #define UBLK_F_CMD_IOCTL_ENCODE	(1UL << 6)
175 
176 /* Copy between request and user buffer by pread()/pwrite() */
177 #define UBLK_F_USER_COPY	(1UL << 7)
178 
179 /* device state */
180 #define UBLK_S_DEV_DEAD	0
181 #define UBLK_S_DEV_LIVE	1
182 #define UBLK_S_DEV_QUIESCED	2
183 
184 /* shipped via sqe->cmd of io_uring command */
185 struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd {
186 	/* sent to which device, must be valid */
187 	__u32	dev_id;
188 
189 	/* sent to which queue, must be -1 if the cmd isn't for queue */
190 	__u16	queue_id;
191 	/*
192 	 * cmd specific buffer, can be IN or OUT.
193 	 */
194 	__u16	len;
195 	__u64	addr;
196 
197 	/* inline data */
198 	__u64	data[1];
199 
200 	/*
201 	 * Used for UBLK_F_UNPRIVILEGED_DEV and UBLK_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO2
202 	 * only, include null char
203 	 */
204 	__u16	dev_path_len;
205 	__u16	pad;
206 	__u32	reserved;
207 };
208 
209 struct ublksrv_ctrl_dev_info {
210 	__u16	nr_hw_queues;
211 	__u16	queue_depth;
212 	__u16	state;
213 	__u16	pad0;
214 
215 	__u32	max_io_buf_bytes;
216 	__u32	dev_id;
217 
218 	__s32	ublksrv_pid;
219 	__u32	pad1;
220 
221 	__u64	flags;
222 
223 	/* For ublksrv internal use, invisible to ublk driver */
224 	__u64	ublksrv_flags;
225 
226 	__u32	owner_uid;	/* store by kernel */
227 	__u32	owner_gid;	/* store by kernel */
228 	__u64	reserved1;
229 	__u64   reserved2;
230 };
231 
232 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_READ		0
233 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_WRITE		1
234 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_FLUSH		2
235 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_DISCARD	3
236 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_WRITE_SAME	4
237 #define		UBLK_IO_OP_WRITE_ZEROES	5
238 
239 #define		UBLK_IO_F_FAILFAST_DEV		(1U << 8)
240 #define		UBLK_IO_F_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT	(1U << 9)
241 #define		UBLK_IO_F_FAILFAST_DRIVER	(1U << 10)
242 #define		UBLK_IO_F_META			(1U << 11)
243 #define		UBLK_IO_F_FUA			(1U << 13)
244 #define		UBLK_IO_F_NOUNMAP		(1U << 15)
245 #define		UBLK_IO_F_SWAP			(1U << 16)
246 
247 /*
248  * io cmd is described by this structure, and stored in share memory, indexed
249  * by request tag.
250  *
251  * The data is stored by ublk driver, and read by ublksrv after one fetch command
252  * returns.
253  */
254 struct ublksrv_io_desc {
255 	/* op: bit 0-7, flags: bit 8-31 */
256 	__u32		op_flags;
257 
258 	__u32		nr_sectors;
259 
260 	/* start sector for this io */
261 	__u64		start_sector;
262 
263 	/* buffer address in ublksrv daemon vm space, from ublk driver */
264 	__u64		addr;
265 };
266 
267 static inline __u8 ublksrv_get_op(const struct ublksrv_io_desc *iod)
268 {
269 	return iod->op_flags & 0xff;
270 }
271 
272 static inline __u32 ublksrv_get_flags(const struct ublksrv_io_desc *iod)
273 {
274 	return iod->op_flags >> 8;
275 }
276 
277 /* issued to ublk driver via /dev/ublkcN */
278 struct ublksrv_io_cmd {
279 	__u16	q_id;
280 
281 	/* for fetch/commit which result */
282 	__u16	tag;
283 
284 	/* io result, it is valid for COMMIT* command only */
285 	__s32	result;
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * userspace buffer address in ublksrv daemon process, valid for
289 	 * FETCH* command only
290 	 */
291 	__u64	addr;
292 };
293 
294 struct ublk_param_basic {
295 #define UBLK_ATTR_READ_ONLY            (1 << 0)
296 #define UBLK_ATTR_ROTATIONAL           (1 << 1)
297 #define UBLK_ATTR_VOLATILE_CACHE       (1 << 2)
298 #define UBLK_ATTR_FUA                  (1 << 3)
299 	__u32	attrs;
300 	__u8	logical_bs_shift;
301 	__u8	physical_bs_shift;
302 	__u8	io_opt_shift;
303 	__u8	io_min_shift;
304 
305 	__u32	max_sectors;
306 	__u32	chunk_sectors;
307 
308 	__u64   dev_sectors;
309 	__u64   virt_boundary_mask;
310 };
311 
312 struct ublk_param_discard {
313 	__u32	discard_alignment;
314 
315 	__u32	discard_granularity;
316 	__u32	max_discard_sectors;
317 
318 	__u32	max_write_zeroes_sectors;
319 	__u16	max_discard_segments;
320 	__u16	reserved0;
321 };
322 
323 /*
324  * read-only, can't set via UBLK_CMD_SET_PARAMS, disk_devt is available
325  * after device is started
326  */
327 struct ublk_param_devt {
328 	__u32   char_major;
329 	__u32   char_minor;
330 	__u32   disk_major;
331 	__u32   disk_minor;
332 };
333 
334 struct ublk_params {
335 	/*
336 	 * Total length of parameters, userspace has to set 'len' for both
337 	 * SET_PARAMS and GET_PARAMS command, and driver may update len
338 	 * if two sides use different version of 'ublk_params', same with
339 	 * 'types' fields.
340 	 */
341 	__u32	len;
342 #define UBLK_PARAM_TYPE_BASIC           (1 << 0)
343 #define UBLK_PARAM_TYPE_DISCARD         (1 << 1)
344 #define UBLK_PARAM_TYPE_DEVT            (1 << 2)
345 	__u32	types;			/* types of parameter included */
346 
347 	struct ublk_param_basic		basic;
348 	struct ublk_param_discard	discard;
349 	struct ublk_param_devt		devt;
350 };
351 
352 #endif
353