xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/usb/composite.h (revision 8fdff1dc)
1 /*
2  * composite.h -- framework for usb gadgets which are composite devices
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 David Brownell
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9  * (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
19  */
20 
21 #ifndef	__LINUX_USB_COMPOSITE_H
22 #define	__LINUX_USB_COMPOSITE_H
23 
24 /*
25  * This framework is an optional layer on top of the USB Gadget interface,
26  * making it easier to build (a) Composite devices, supporting multiple
27  * functions within any single configuration, and (b) Multi-configuration
28  * devices, also supporting multiple functions but without necessarily
29  * having more than one function per configuration.
30  *
31  * Example:  a device with a single configuration supporting both network
32  * link and mass storage functions is a composite device.  Those functions
33  * might alternatively be packaged in individual configurations, but in
34  * the composite model the host can use both functions at the same time.
35  */
36 
37 #include <linux/bcd.h>
38 #include <linux/version.h>
39 #include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
40 #include <linux/usb/gadget.h>
41 #include <linux/log2.h>
42 
43 /*
44  * USB function drivers should return USB_GADGET_DELAYED_STATUS if they
45  * wish to delay the data/status stages of the control transfer till they
46  * are ready. The control transfer will then be kept from completing till
47  * all the function drivers that requested for USB_GADGET_DELAYED_STAUS
48  * invoke usb_composite_setup_continue().
49  */
50 #define USB_GADGET_DELAYED_STATUS       0x7fff	/* Impossibly large value */
51 
52 /* big enough to hold our biggest descriptor */
53 #define USB_COMP_EP0_BUFSIZ	1024
54 
55 #define USB_MS_TO_HS_INTERVAL(x)	(ilog2((x * 1000 / 125)) + 1)
56 struct usb_configuration;
57 
58 /**
59  * struct usb_function - describes one function of a configuration
60  * @name: For diagnostics, identifies the function.
61  * @strings: tables of strings, keyed by identifiers assigned during bind()
62  *	and by language IDs provided in control requests
63  * @descriptors: Table of full (or low) speed descriptors, using interface and
64  *	string identifiers assigned during @bind().  If this pointer is null,
65  *	the function will not be available at full speed (or at low speed).
66  * @hs_descriptors: Table of high speed descriptors, using interface and
67  *	string identifiers assigned during @bind().  If this pointer is null,
68  *	the function will not be available at high speed.
69  * @ss_descriptors: Table of super speed descriptors, using interface and
70  *	string identifiers assigned during @bind(). If this
71  *	pointer is null after initiation, the function will not
72  *	be available at super speed.
73  * @config: assigned when @usb_add_function() is called; this is the
74  *	configuration with which this function is associated.
75  * @bind: Before the gadget can register, all of its functions bind() to the
76  *	available resources including string and interface identifiers used
77  *	in interface or class descriptors; endpoints; I/O buffers; and so on.
78  * @unbind: Reverses @bind; called as a side effect of unregistering the
79  *	driver which added this function.
80  * @set_alt: (REQUIRED) Reconfigures altsettings; function drivers may
81  *	initialize usb_ep.driver data at this time (when it is used).
82  *	Note that setting an interface to its current altsetting resets
83  *	interface state, and that all interfaces have a disabled state.
84  * @get_alt: Returns the active altsetting.  If this is not provided,
85  *	then only altsetting zero is supported.
86  * @disable: (REQUIRED) Indicates the function should be disabled.  Reasons
87  *	include host resetting or reconfiguring the gadget, and disconnection.
88  * @setup: Used for interface-specific control requests.
89  * @suspend: Notifies functions when the host stops sending USB traffic.
90  * @resume: Notifies functions when the host restarts USB traffic.
91  * @get_status: Returns function status as a reply to
92  *	GetStatus() request when the recepient is Interface.
93  * @func_suspend: callback to be called when
94  *	SetFeature(FUNCTION_SUSPEND) is reseived
95  *
96  * A single USB function uses one or more interfaces, and should in most
97  * cases support operation at both full and high speeds.  Each function is
98  * associated by @usb_add_function() with a one configuration; that function
99  * causes @bind() to be called so resources can be allocated as part of
100  * setting up a gadget driver.  Those resources include endpoints, which
101  * should be allocated using @usb_ep_autoconfig().
102  *
103  * To support dual speed operation, a function driver provides descriptors
104  * for both high and full speed operation.  Except in rare cases that don't
105  * involve bulk endpoints, each speed needs different endpoint descriptors.
106  *
107  * Function drivers choose their own strategies for managing instance data.
108  * The simplest strategy just declares it "static', which means the function
109  * can only be activated once.  If the function needs to be exposed in more
110  * than one configuration at a given speed, it needs to support multiple
111  * usb_function structures (one for each configuration).
112  *
113  * A more complex strategy might encapsulate a @usb_function structure inside
114  * a driver-specific instance structure to allows multiple activations.  An
115  * example of multiple activations might be a CDC ACM function that supports
116  * two or more distinct instances within the same configuration, providing
117  * several independent logical data links to a USB host.
118  */
119 struct usb_function {
120 	const char			*name;
121 	struct usb_gadget_strings	**strings;
122 	struct usb_descriptor_header	**fs_descriptors;
123 	struct usb_descriptor_header	**hs_descriptors;
124 	struct usb_descriptor_header	**ss_descriptors;
125 
126 	struct usb_configuration	*config;
127 
128 	/* REVISIT:  bind() functions can be marked __init, which
129 	 * makes trouble for section mismatch analysis.  See if
130 	 * we can't restructure things to avoid mismatching.
131 	 * Related:  unbind() may kfree() but bind() won't...
132 	 */
133 
134 	/* configuration management:  bind/unbind */
135 	int			(*bind)(struct usb_configuration *,
136 					struct usb_function *);
137 	void			(*unbind)(struct usb_configuration *,
138 					struct usb_function *);
139 
140 	/* runtime state management */
141 	int			(*set_alt)(struct usb_function *,
142 					unsigned interface, unsigned alt);
143 	int			(*get_alt)(struct usb_function *,
144 					unsigned interface);
145 	void			(*disable)(struct usb_function *);
146 	int			(*setup)(struct usb_function *,
147 					const struct usb_ctrlrequest *);
148 	void			(*suspend)(struct usb_function *);
149 	void			(*resume)(struct usb_function *);
150 
151 	/* USB 3.0 additions */
152 	int			(*get_status)(struct usb_function *);
153 	int			(*func_suspend)(struct usb_function *,
154 						u8 suspend_opt);
155 	/* private: */
156 	/* internals */
157 	struct list_head		list;
158 	DECLARE_BITMAP(endpoints, 32);
159 };
160 
161 int usb_add_function(struct usb_configuration *, struct usb_function *);
162 
163 int usb_function_deactivate(struct usb_function *);
164 int usb_function_activate(struct usb_function *);
165 
166 int usb_interface_id(struct usb_configuration *, struct usb_function *);
167 
168 int config_ep_by_speed(struct usb_gadget *g, struct usb_function *f,
169 			struct usb_ep *_ep);
170 
171 #define	MAX_CONFIG_INTERFACES		16	/* arbitrary; max 255 */
172 
173 /**
174  * struct usb_configuration - represents one gadget configuration
175  * @label: For diagnostics, describes the configuration.
176  * @strings: Tables of strings, keyed by identifiers assigned during @bind()
177  *	and by language IDs provided in control requests.
178  * @descriptors: Table of descriptors preceding all function descriptors.
179  *	Examples include OTG and vendor-specific descriptors.
180  * @unbind: Reverses @bind; called as a side effect of unregistering the
181  *	driver which added this configuration.
182  * @setup: Used to delegate control requests that aren't handled by standard
183  *	device infrastructure or directed at a specific interface.
184  * @bConfigurationValue: Copied into configuration descriptor.
185  * @iConfiguration: Copied into configuration descriptor.
186  * @bmAttributes: Copied into configuration descriptor.
187  * @bMaxPower: Copied into configuration descriptor.
188  * @cdev: assigned by @usb_add_config() before calling @bind(); this is
189  *	the device associated with this configuration.
190  *
191  * Configurations are building blocks for gadget drivers structured around
192  * function drivers.  Simple USB gadgets require only one function and one
193  * configuration, and handle dual-speed hardware by always providing the same
194  * functionality.  Slightly more complex gadgets may have more than one
195  * single-function configuration at a given speed; or have configurations
196  * that only work at one speed.
197  *
198  * Composite devices are, by definition, ones with configurations which
199  * include more than one function.
200  *
201  * The lifecycle of a usb_configuration includes allocation, initialization
202  * of the fields described above, and calling @usb_add_config() to set up
203  * internal data and bind it to a specific device.  The configuration's
204  * @bind() method is then used to initialize all the functions and then
205  * call @usb_add_function() for them.
206  *
207  * Those functions would normally be independent of each other, but that's
208  * not mandatory.  CDC WMC devices are an example where functions often
209  * depend on other functions, with some functions subsidiary to others.
210  * Such interdependency may be managed in any way, so long as all of the
211  * descriptors complete by the time the composite driver returns from
212  * its bind() routine.
213  */
214 struct usb_configuration {
215 	const char			*label;
216 	struct usb_gadget_strings	**strings;
217 	const struct usb_descriptor_header **descriptors;
218 
219 	/* REVISIT:  bind() functions can be marked __init, which
220 	 * makes trouble for section mismatch analysis.  See if
221 	 * we can't restructure things to avoid mismatching...
222 	 */
223 
224 	/* configuration management: unbind/setup */
225 	void			(*unbind)(struct usb_configuration *);
226 	int			(*setup)(struct usb_configuration *,
227 					const struct usb_ctrlrequest *);
228 
229 	/* fields in the config descriptor */
230 	u8			bConfigurationValue;
231 	u8			iConfiguration;
232 	u8			bmAttributes;
233 	u8			bMaxPower;
234 
235 	struct usb_composite_dev	*cdev;
236 
237 	/* private: */
238 	/* internals */
239 	struct list_head	list;
240 	struct list_head	functions;
241 	u8			next_interface_id;
242 	unsigned		superspeed:1;
243 	unsigned		highspeed:1;
244 	unsigned		fullspeed:1;
245 	struct usb_function	*interface[MAX_CONFIG_INTERFACES];
246 };
247 
248 int usb_add_config(struct usb_composite_dev *,
249 		struct usb_configuration *,
250 		int (*)(struct usb_configuration *));
251 
252 void usb_remove_config(struct usb_composite_dev *,
253 		struct usb_configuration *);
254 
255 /* predefined index for usb_composite_driver */
256 enum {
257 	USB_GADGET_MANUFACTURER_IDX	= 0,
258 	USB_GADGET_PRODUCT_IDX,
259 	USB_GADGET_SERIAL_IDX,
260 	USB_GADGET_FIRST_AVAIL_IDX,
261 };
262 
263 /**
264  * struct usb_composite_driver - groups configurations into a gadget
265  * @name: For diagnostics, identifies the driver.
266  * @dev: Template descriptor for the device, including default device
267  *	identifiers.
268  * @strings: tables of strings, keyed by identifiers assigned during @bind
269  *	and language IDs provided in control requests. Note: The first entries
270  *	are predefined. The first entry that may be used is
271  *	USB_GADGET_FIRST_AVAIL_IDX
272  * @max_speed: Highest speed the driver supports.
273  * @needs_serial: set to 1 if the gadget needs userspace to provide
274  * 	a serial number.  If one is not provided, warning will be printed.
275  * @bind: (REQUIRED) Used to allocate resources that are shared across the
276  *	whole device, such as string IDs, and add its configurations using
277  *	@usb_add_config(). This may fail by returning a negative errno
278  *	value; it should return zero on successful initialization.
279  * @unbind: Reverses @bind; called as a side effect of unregistering
280  *	this driver.
281  * @disconnect: optional driver disconnect method
282  * @suspend: Notifies when the host stops sending USB traffic,
283  *	after function notifications
284  * @resume: Notifies configuration when the host restarts USB traffic,
285  *	before function notifications
286  *
287  * Devices default to reporting self powered operation.  Devices which rely
288  * on bus powered operation should report this in their @bind method.
289  *
290  * Before returning from @bind, various fields in the template descriptor
291  * may be overridden.  These include the idVendor/idProduct/bcdDevice values
292  * normally to bind the appropriate host side driver, and the three strings
293  * (iManufacturer, iProduct, iSerialNumber) normally used to provide user
294  * meaningful device identifiers.  (The strings will not be defined unless
295  * they are defined in @dev and @strings.)  The correct ep0 maxpacket size
296  * is also reported, as defined by the underlying controller driver.
297  */
298 struct usb_composite_driver {
299 	const char				*name;
300 	const struct usb_device_descriptor	*dev;
301 	struct usb_gadget_strings		**strings;
302 	enum usb_device_speed			max_speed;
303 	unsigned		needs_serial:1;
304 
305 	int			(*bind)(struct usb_composite_dev *cdev);
306 	int			(*unbind)(struct usb_composite_dev *);
307 
308 	void			(*disconnect)(struct usb_composite_dev *);
309 
310 	/* global suspend hooks */
311 	void			(*suspend)(struct usb_composite_dev *);
312 	void			(*resume)(struct usb_composite_dev *);
313 	struct usb_gadget_driver		gadget_driver;
314 };
315 
316 extern int usb_composite_probe(struct usb_composite_driver *driver);
317 extern void usb_composite_unregister(struct usb_composite_driver *driver);
318 extern void usb_composite_setup_continue(struct usb_composite_dev *cdev);
319 
320 
321 /**
322  * struct usb_composite_device - represents one composite usb gadget
323  * @gadget: read-only, abstracts the gadget's usb peripheral controller
324  * @req: used for control responses; buffer is pre-allocated
325  * @config: the currently active configuration
326  *
327  * One of these devices is allocated and initialized before the
328  * associated device driver's bind() is called.
329  *
330  * OPEN ISSUE:  it appears that some WUSB devices will need to be
331  * built by combining a normal (wired) gadget with a wireless one.
332  * This revision of the gadget framework should probably try to make
333  * sure doing that won't hurt too much.
334  *
335  * One notion for how to handle Wireless USB devices involves:
336  * (a) a second gadget here, discovery mechanism TBD, but likely
337  *     needing separate "register/unregister WUSB gadget" calls;
338  * (b) updates to usb_gadget to include flags "is it wireless",
339  *     "is it wired", plus (presumably in a wrapper structure)
340  *     bandgroup and PHY info;
341  * (c) presumably a wireless_ep wrapping a usb_ep, and reporting
342  *     wireless-specific parameters like maxburst and maxsequence;
343  * (d) configurations that are specific to wireless links;
344  * (e) function drivers that understand wireless configs and will
345  *     support wireless for (additional) function instances;
346  * (f) a function to support association setup (like CBAF), not
347  *     necessarily requiring a wireless adapter;
348  * (g) composite device setup that can create one or more wireless
349  *     configs, including appropriate association setup support;
350  * (h) more, TBD.
351  */
352 struct usb_composite_dev {
353 	struct usb_gadget		*gadget;
354 	struct usb_request		*req;
355 
356 	struct usb_configuration	*config;
357 
358 	/* private: */
359 	/* internals */
360 	unsigned int			suspended:1;
361 	struct usb_device_descriptor	desc;
362 	struct list_head		configs;
363 	struct usb_composite_driver	*driver;
364 	u8				next_string_id;
365 	char				*def_manufacturer;
366 
367 	/* the gadget driver won't enable the data pullup
368 	 * while the deactivation count is nonzero.
369 	 */
370 	unsigned			deactivations;
371 
372 	/* the composite driver won't complete the control transfer's
373 	 * data/status stages till delayed_status is zero.
374 	 */
375 	int				delayed_status;
376 
377 	/* protects deactivations and delayed_status counts*/
378 	spinlock_t			lock;
379 };
380 
381 extern int usb_string_id(struct usb_composite_dev *c);
382 extern int usb_string_ids_tab(struct usb_composite_dev *c,
383 			      struct usb_string *str);
384 extern int usb_string_ids_n(struct usb_composite_dev *c, unsigned n);
385 
386 /*
387  * Some systems will need runtime overrides for the  product identifiers
388  * published in the device descriptor, either numbers or strings or both.
389  * String parameters are in UTF-8 (superset of ASCII's 7 bit characters).
390  */
391 struct usb_composite_overwrite {
392 	u16	idVendor;
393 	u16	idProduct;
394 	u16	bcdDevice;
395 	char	*serial_number;
396 	char	*manufacturer;
397 	char	*product;
398 };
399 #define USB_GADGET_COMPOSITE_OPTIONS()					\
400 	static struct usb_composite_overwrite coverwrite;		\
401 									\
402 	module_param_named(idVendor, coverwrite.idVendor, ushort, S_IRUGO); \
403 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(idVendor, "USB Vendor ID");			\
404 									\
405 	module_param_named(idProduct, coverwrite.idProduct, ushort, S_IRUGO); \
406 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(idProduct, "USB Product ID");			\
407 									\
408 	module_param_named(bcdDevice, coverwrite.bcdDevice, ushort, S_IRUGO); \
409 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(bcdDevice, "USB Device version (BCD)");	\
410 									\
411 	module_param_named(iSerialNumber, coverwrite.serial_number, charp, \
412 			S_IRUGO); \
413 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(iSerialNumber, "SerialNumber string");		\
414 									\
415 	module_param_named(iManufacturer, coverwrite.manufacturer, charp, \
416 			S_IRUGO); \
417 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(iManufacturer, "USB Manufacturer string");	\
418 									\
419 	module_param_named(iProduct, coverwrite.product, charp, S_IRUGO); \
420 	MODULE_PARM_DESC(iProduct, "USB Product string")
421 
422 void usb_composite_overwrite_options(struct usb_composite_dev *cdev,
423 		struct usb_composite_overwrite *covr);
424 
425 static inline u16 get_default_bcdDevice(void)
426 {
427 	u16 bcdDevice;
428 
429 	bcdDevice = bin2bcd((LINUX_VERSION_CODE >> 16 & 0xff)) << 8;
430 	bcdDevice |= bin2bcd((LINUX_VERSION_CODE >> 8 & 0xff));
431 	return bcdDevice;
432 }
433 
434 /* messaging utils */
435 #define DBG(d, fmt, args...) \
436 	dev_dbg(&(d)->gadget->dev , fmt , ## args)
437 #define VDBG(d, fmt, args...) \
438 	dev_vdbg(&(d)->gadget->dev , fmt , ## args)
439 #define ERROR(d, fmt, args...) \
440 	dev_err(&(d)->gadget->dev , fmt , ## args)
441 #define WARNING(d, fmt, args...) \
442 	dev_warn(&(d)->gadget->dev , fmt , ## args)
443 #define INFO(d, fmt, args...) \
444 	dev_info(&(d)->gadget->dev , fmt , ## args)
445 
446 #endif	/* __LINUX_USB_COMPOSITE_H */
447