xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/string.h (revision 8366d124)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef _LINUX_STRING_H_
3 #define _LINUX_STRING_H_
4 
5 #include <linux/args.h>
6 #include <linux/array_size.h>
7 #include <linux/compiler.h>	/* for inline */
8 #include <linux/types.h>	/* for size_t */
9 #include <linux/stddef.h>	/* for NULL */
10 #include <linux/err.h>		/* for ERR_PTR() */
11 #include <linux/errno.h>	/* for E2BIG */
12 #include <linux/overflow.h>	/* for check_mul_overflow() */
13 #include <linux/stdarg.h>
14 #include <uapi/linux/string.h>
15 
16 extern char *strndup_user(const char __user *, long);
17 extern void *memdup_user(const void __user *, size_t);
18 extern void *vmemdup_user(const void __user *, size_t);
19 extern void *memdup_user_nul(const void __user *, size_t);
20 
21 /**
22  * memdup_array_user - duplicate array from user space
23  * @src: source address in user space
24  * @n: number of array members to copy
25  * @size: size of one array member
26  *
27  * Return: an ERR_PTR() on failure. Result is physically
28  * contiguous, to be freed by kfree().
29  */
30 static inline void *memdup_array_user(const void __user *src, size_t n, size_t size)
31 {
32 	size_t nbytes;
33 
34 	if (check_mul_overflow(n, size, &nbytes))
35 		return ERR_PTR(-EOVERFLOW);
36 
37 	return memdup_user(src, nbytes);
38 }
39 
40 /**
41  * vmemdup_array_user - duplicate array from user space
42  * @src: source address in user space
43  * @n: number of array members to copy
44  * @size: size of one array member
45  *
46  * Return: an ERR_PTR() on failure. Result may be not
47  * physically contiguous. Use kvfree() to free.
48  */
49 static inline void *vmemdup_array_user(const void __user *src, size_t n, size_t size)
50 {
51 	size_t nbytes;
52 
53 	if (check_mul_overflow(n, size, &nbytes))
54 		return ERR_PTR(-EOVERFLOW);
55 
56 	return vmemdup_user(src, nbytes);
57 }
58 
59 /*
60  * Include machine specific inline routines
61  */
62 #include <asm/string.h>
63 
64 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCPY
65 extern char * strcpy(char *,const char *);
66 #endif
67 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCPY
68 extern char * strncpy(char *,const char *, __kernel_size_t);
69 #endif
70 ssize_t sized_strscpy(char *, const char *, size_t);
71 
72 /*
73  * The 2 argument style can only be used when dst is an array with a
74  * known size.
75  */
76 #define __strscpy0(dst, src, ...)	\
77 	sized_strscpy(dst, src, sizeof(dst) + __must_be_array(dst))
78 #define __strscpy1(dst, src, size)	sized_strscpy(dst, src, size)
79 
80 #define __strscpy_pad0(dst, src, ...)	\
81 	sized_strscpy_pad(dst, src, sizeof(dst) + __must_be_array(dst))
82 #define __strscpy_pad1(dst, src, size)	sized_strscpy_pad(dst, src, size)
83 
84 /**
85  * strscpy - Copy a C-string into a sized buffer
86  * @dst: Where to copy the string to
87  * @src: Where to copy the string from
88  * @...: Size of destination buffer (optional)
89  *
90  * Copy the source string @src, or as much of it as fits, into the
91  * destination @dst buffer. The behavior is undefined if the string
92  * buffers overlap. The destination @dst buffer is always NUL terminated,
93  * unless it's zero-sized.
94  *
95  * The size argument @... is only required when @dst is not an array, or
96  * when the copy needs to be smaller than sizeof(@dst).
97  *
98  * Preferred to strncpy() since it always returns a valid string, and
99  * doesn't unnecessarily force the tail of the destination buffer to be
100  * zero padded. If padding is desired please use strscpy_pad().
101  *
102  * Returns the number of characters copied in @dst (not including the
103  * trailing %NUL) or -E2BIG if @size is 0 or the copy from @src was
104  * truncated.
105  */
106 #define strscpy(dst, src, ...)	\
107 	CONCATENATE(__strscpy, COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))(dst, src, __VA_ARGS__)
108 
109 #define sized_strscpy_pad(dest, src, count)	({			\
110 	char *__dst = (dest);						\
111 	const char *__src = (src);					\
112 	const size_t __count = (count);					\
113 	ssize_t __wrote;						\
114 									\
115 	__wrote = sized_strscpy(__dst, __src, __count);			\
116 	if (__wrote >= 0 && __wrote < __count)				\
117 		memset(__dst + __wrote + 1, 0, __count - __wrote - 1);	\
118 	__wrote;							\
119 })
120 
121 /**
122  * strscpy_pad() - Copy a C-string into a sized buffer
123  * @dst: Where to copy the string to
124  * @src: Where to copy the string from
125  * @...: Size of destination buffer
126  *
127  * Copy the string, or as much of it as fits, into the dest buffer. The
128  * behavior is undefined if the string buffers overlap. The destination
129  * buffer is always %NUL terminated, unless it's zero-sized.
130  *
131  * If the source string is shorter than the destination buffer, the
132  * remaining bytes in the buffer will be filled with %NUL bytes.
133  *
134  * For full explanation of why you may want to consider using the
135  * 'strscpy' functions please see the function docstring for strscpy().
136  *
137  * Returns:
138  * * The number of characters copied (not including the trailing %NULs)
139  * * -E2BIG if count is 0 or @src was truncated.
140  */
141 #define strscpy_pad(dst, src, ...)	\
142 	CONCATENATE(__strscpy_pad, COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__))(dst, src, __VA_ARGS__)
143 
144 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCAT
145 extern char * strcat(char *, const char *);
146 #endif
147 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCAT
148 extern char * strncat(char *, const char *, __kernel_size_t);
149 #endif
150 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRLCAT
151 extern size_t strlcat(char *, const char *, __kernel_size_t);
152 #endif
153 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCMP
154 extern int strcmp(const char *,const char *);
155 #endif
156 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCMP
157 extern int strncmp(const char *,const char *,__kernel_size_t);
158 #endif
159 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCASECMP
160 extern int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
161 #endif
162 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCASECMP
163 extern int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
164 #endif
165 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCHR
166 extern char * strchr(const char *,int);
167 #endif
168 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCHRNUL
169 extern char * strchrnul(const char *,int);
170 #endif
171 extern char * strnchrnul(const char *, size_t, int);
172 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCHR
173 extern char * strnchr(const char *, size_t, int);
174 #endif
175 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRRCHR
176 extern char * strrchr(const char *,int);
177 #endif
178 extern char * __must_check skip_spaces(const char *);
179 
180 extern char *strim(char *);
181 
182 static inline __must_check char *strstrip(char *str)
183 {
184 	return strim(str);
185 }
186 
187 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRSTR
188 extern char * strstr(const char *, const char *);
189 #endif
190 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNSTR
191 extern char * strnstr(const char *, const char *, size_t);
192 #endif
193 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRLEN
194 extern __kernel_size_t strlen(const char *);
195 #endif
196 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRNLEN
197 extern __kernel_size_t strnlen(const char *,__kernel_size_t);
198 #endif
199 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRPBRK
200 extern char * strpbrk(const char *,const char *);
201 #endif
202 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRSEP
203 extern char * strsep(char **,const char *);
204 #endif
205 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRSPN
206 extern __kernel_size_t strspn(const char *,const char *);
207 #endif
208 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_STRCSPN
209 extern __kernel_size_t strcspn(const char *,const char *);
210 #endif
211 
212 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMSET
213 extern void * memset(void *,int,__kernel_size_t);
214 #endif
215 
216 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMSET16
217 extern void *memset16(uint16_t *, uint16_t, __kernel_size_t);
218 #endif
219 
220 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMSET32
221 extern void *memset32(uint32_t *, uint32_t, __kernel_size_t);
222 #endif
223 
224 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMSET64
225 extern void *memset64(uint64_t *, uint64_t, __kernel_size_t);
226 #endif
227 
228 static inline void *memset_l(unsigned long *p, unsigned long v,
229 		__kernel_size_t n)
230 {
231 	if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
232 		return memset32((uint32_t *)p, v, n);
233 	else
234 		return memset64((uint64_t *)p, v, n);
235 }
236 
237 static inline void *memset_p(void **p, void *v, __kernel_size_t n)
238 {
239 	if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
240 		return memset32((uint32_t *)p, (uintptr_t)v, n);
241 	else
242 		return memset64((uint64_t *)p, (uintptr_t)v, n);
243 }
244 
245 extern void **__memcat_p(void **a, void **b);
246 #define memcat_p(a, b) ({					\
247 	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(a), *(b)),		\
248 			 "type mismatch in memcat_p()");	\
249 	(typeof(*a) *)__memcat_p((void **)(a), (void **)(b));	\
250 })
251 
252 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMCPY
253 extern void * memcpy(void *,const void *,__kernel_size_t);
254 #endif
255 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMOVE
256 extern void * memmove(void *,const void *,__kernel_size_t);
257 #endif
258 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMSCAN
259 extern void * memscan(void *,int,__kernel_size_t);
260 #endif
261 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMCMP
262 extern int memcmp(const void *,const void *,__kernel_size_t);
263 #endif
264 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_BCMP
265 extern int bcmp(const void *,const void *,__kernel_size_t);
266 #endif
267 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMCHR
268 extern void * memchr(const void *,int,__kernel_size_t);
269 #endif
270 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMCPY_FLUSHCACHE
271 static inline void memcpy_flushcache(void *dst, const void *src, size_t cnt)
272 {
273 	memcpy(dst, src, cnt);
274 }
275 #endif
276 
277 void *memchr_inv(const void *s, int c, size_t n);
278 char *strreplace(char *str, char old, char new);
279 
280 extern void kfree_const(const void *x);
281 
282 extern char *kstrdup(const char *s, gfp_t gfp) __malloc;
283 extern const char *kstrdup_const(const char *s, gfp_t gfp);
284 extern char *kstrndup(const char *s, size_t len, gfp_t gfp);
285 extern void *kmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp) __realloc_size(2);
286 extern void *kvmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp) __realloc_size(2);
287 extern char *kmemdup_nul(const char *s, size_t len, gfp_t gfp);
288 
289 extern char **argv_split(gfp_t gfp, const char *str, int *argcp);
290 extern void argv_free(char **argv);
291 
292 extern bool sysfs_streq(const char *s1, const char *s2);
293 int match_string(const char * const *array, size_t n, const char *string);
294 int __sysfs_match_string(const char * const *array, size_t n, const char *s);
295 
296 /**
297  * sysfs_match_string - matches given string in an array
298  * @_a: array of strings
299  * @_s: string to match with
300  *
301  * Helper for __sysfs_match_string(). Calculates the size of @a automatically.
302  */
303 #define sysfs_match_string(_a, _s) __sysfs_match_string(_a, ARRAY_SIZE(_a), _s)
304 
305 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
306 int vbin_printf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
307 int bstr_printf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, const u32 *bin_buf);
308 int bprintf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...) __printf(3, 4);
309 #endif
310 
311 extern ssize_t memory_read_from_buffer(void *to, size_t count, loff_t *ppos,
312 				       const void *from, size_t available);
313 
314 int ptr_to_hashval(const void *ptr, unsigned long *hashval_out);
315 
316 /**
317  * strstarts - does @str start with @prefix?
318  * @str: string to examine
319  * @prefix: prefix to look for.
320  */
321 static inline bool strstarts(const char *str, const char *prefix)
322 {
323 	return strncmp(str, prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0;
324 }
325 
326 size_t memweight(const void *ptr, size_t bytes);
327 
328 /**
329  * memzero_explicit - Fill a region of memory (e.g. sensitive
330  *		      keying data) with 0s.
331  * @s: Pointer to the start of the area.
332  * @count: The size of the area.
333  *
334  * Note: usually using memset() is just fine (!), but in cases
335  * where clearing out _local_ data at the end of a scope is
336  * necessary, memzero_explicit() should be used instead in
337  * order to prevent the compiler from optimising away zeroing.
338  *
339  * memzero_explicit() doesn't need an arch-specific version as
340  * it just invokes the one of memset() implicitly.
341  */
342 static inline void memzero_explicit(void *s, size_t count)
343 {
344 	memset(s, 0, count);
345 	barrier_data(s);
346 }
347 
348 /**
349  * kbasename - return the last part of a pathname.
350  *
351  * @path: path to extract the filename from.
352  */
353 static inline const char *kbasename(const char *path)
354 {
355 	const char *tail = strrchr(path, '/');
356 	return tail ? tail + 1 : path;
357 }
358 
359 #if !defined(__NO_FORTIFY) && defined(__OPTIMIZE__) && defined(CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE)
360 #include <linux/fortify-string.h>
361 #endif
362 #ifndef unsafe_memcpy
363 #define unsafe_memcpy(dst, src, bytes, justification)		\
364 	memcpy(dst, src, bytes)
365 #endif
366 
367 void memcpy_and_pad(void *dest, size_t dest_len, const void *src, size_t count,
368 		    int pad);
369 
370 /**
371  * strtomem_pad - Copy NUL-terminated string to non-NUL-terminated buffer
372  *
373  * @dest: Pointer of destination character array (marked as __nonstring)
374  * @src: Pointer to NUL-terminated string
375  * @pad: Padding character to fill any remaining bytes of @dest after copy
376  *
377  * This is a replacement for strncpy() uses where the destination is not
378  * a NUL-terminated string, but with bounds checking on the source size, and
379  * an explicit padding character. If padding is not required, use strtomem().
380  *
381  * Note that the size of @dest is not an argument, as the length of @dest
382  * must be discoverable by the compiler.
383  */
384 #define strtomem_pad(dest, src, pad)	do {				\
385 	const size_t _dest_len = __builtin_object_size(dest, 1);	\
386 	const size_t _src_len = __builtin_object_size(src, 1);		\
387 									\
388 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!__builtin_constant_p(_dest_len) ||		\
389 		     _dest_len == (size_t)-1);				\
390 	memcpy_and_pad(dest, _dest_len, src,				\
391 		       strnlen(src, min(_src_len, _dest_len)), pad);	\
392 } while (0)
393 
394 /**
395  * strtomem - Copy NUL-terminated string to non-NUL-terminated buffer
396  *
397  * @dest: Pointer of destination character array (marked as __nonstring)
398  * @src: Pointer to NUL-terminated string
399  *
400  * This is a replacement for strncpy() uses where the destination is not
401  * a NUL-terminated string, but with bounds checking on the source size, and
402  * without trailing padding. If padding is required, use strtomem_pad().
403  *
404  * Note that the size of @dest is not an argument, as the length of @dest
405  * must be discoverable by the compiler.
406  */
407 #define strtomem(dest, src)	do {					\
408 	const size_t _dest_len = __builtin_object_size(dest, 1);	\
409 	const size_t _src_len = __builtin_object_size(src, 1);		\
410 									\
411 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!__builtin_constant_p(_dest_len) ||		\
412 		     _dest_len == (size_t)-1);				\
413 	memcpy(dest, src, strnlen(src, min(_src_len, _dest_len)));	\
414 } while (0)
415 
416 /**
417  * memset_after - Set a value after a struct member to the end of a struct
418  *
419  * @obj: Address of target struct instance
420  * @v: Byte value to repeatedly write
421  * @member: after which struct member to start writing bytes
422  *
423  * This is good for clearing padding following the given member.
424  */
425 #define memset_after(obj, v, member)					\
426 ({									\
427 	u8 *__ptr = (u8 *)(obj);					\
428 	typeof(v) __val = (v);						\
429 	memset(__ptr + offsetofend(typeof(*(obj)), member), __val,	\
430 	       sizeof(*(obj)) - offsetofend(typeof(*(obj)), member));	\
431 })
432 
433 /**
434  * memset_startat - Set a value starting at a member to the end of a struct
435  *
436  * @obj: Address of target struct instance
437  * @v: Byte value to repeatedly write
438  * @member: struct member to start writing at
439  *
440  * Note that if there is padding between the prior member and the target
441  * member, memset_after() should be used to clear the prior padding.
442  */
443 #define memset_startat(obj, v, member)					\
444 ({									\
445 	u8 *__ptr = (u8 *)(obj);					\
446 	typeof(v) __val = (v);						\
447 	memset(__ptr + offsetof(typeof(*(obj)), member), __val,		\
448 	       sizeof(*(obj)) - offsetof(typeof(*(obj)), member));	\
449 })
450 
451 /**
452  * str_has_prefix - Test if a string has a given prefix
453  * @str: The string to test
454  * @prefix: The string to see if @str starts with
455  *
456  * A common way to test a prefix of a string is to do:
457  *  strncmp(str, prefix, sizeof(prefix) - 1)
458  *
459  * But this can lead to bugs due to typos, or if prefix is a pointer
460  * and not a constant. Instead use str_has_prefix().
461  *
462  * Returns:
463  * * strlen(@prefix) if @str starts with @prefix
464  * * 0 if @str does not start with @prefix
465  */
466 static __always_inline size_t str_has_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix)
467 {
468 	size_t len = strlen(prefix);
469 	return strncmp(str, prefix, len) == 0 ? len : 0;
470 }
471 
472 #endif /* _LINUX_STRING_H_ */
473