xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/rwsem.h (revision c71fd893)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 /* rwsem.h: R/W semaphores, public interface
3  *
4  * Written by David Howells ([email protected]).
5  * Derived from asm-i386/semaphore.h
6  */
7 
8 #ifndef _LINUX_RWSEM_H
9 #define _LINUX_RWSEM_H
10 
11 #include <linux/linkage.h>
12 
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/kernel.h>
15 #include <linux/list.h>
16 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
17 #include <linux/atomic.h>
18 #include <linux/err.h>
19 #ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_SPIN_ON_OWNER
20 #include <linux/osq_lock.h>
21 #endif
22 
23 /*
24  * For an uncontended rwsem, count and owner are the only fields a task
25  * needs to touch when acquiring the rwsem. So they are put next to each
26  * other to increase the chance that they will share the same cacheline.
27  *
28  * In a contended rwsem, the owner is likely the most frequently accessed
29  * field in the structure as the optimistic waiter that holds the osq lock
30  * will spin on owner. For an embedded rwsem, other hot fields in the
31  * containing structure should be moved further away from the rwsem to
32  * reduce the chance that they will share the same cacheline causing
33  * cacheline bouncing problem.
34  */
35 struct rw_semaphore {
36 	atomic_long_t count;
37 	/*
38 	 * Write owner or one of the read owners. Can be used as a
39 	 * speculative check to see if the owner is running on the cpu.
40 	 */
41 	struct task_struct *owner;
42 #ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_SPIN_ON_OWNER
43 	struct optimistic_spin_queue osq; /* spinner MCS lock */
44 #endif
45 	raw_spinlock_t wait_lock;
46 	struct list_head wait_list;
47 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
48 	struct lockdep_map	dep_map;
49 #endif
50 };
51 
52 /*
53  * Setting bit 1 of the owner field but not bit 0 will indicate
54  * that the rwsem is writer-owned with an unknown owner.
55  */
56 #define RWSEM_OWNER_UNKNOWN	((struct task_struct *)-2L)
57 
58 /* In all implementations count != 0 means locked */
59 static inline int rwsem_is_locked(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
60 {
61 	return atomic_long_read(&sem->count) != 0;
62 }
63 
64 #define RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE		0L
65 #define __RWSEM_INIT_COUNT(name)	.count = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE)
66 
67 /* Common initializer macros and functions */
68 
69 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
70 # define __RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(lockname) , .dep_map = { .name = #lockname }
71 #else
72 # define __RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(lockname)
73 #endif
74 
75 #ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_SPIN_ON_OWNER
76 #define __RWSEM_OPT_INIT(lockname) , .osq = OSQ_LOCK_UNLOCKED
77 #else
78 #define __RWSEM_OPT_INIT(lockname)
79 #endif
80 
81 #define __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name)				\
82 	{ __RWSEM_INIT_COUNT(name),				\
83 	  .owner = NULL,					\
84 	  .wait_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).wait_list),	\
85 	  .wait_lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(name.wait_lock)	\
86 	  __RWSEM_OPT_INIT(name)				\
87 	  __RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(name) }
88 
89 #define DECLARE_RWSEM(name) \
90 	struct rw_semaphore name = __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name)
91 
92 extern void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
93 			 struct lock_class_key *key);
94 
95 #define init_rwsem(sem)						\
96 do {								\
97 	static struct lock_class_key __key;			\
98 								\
99 	__init_rwsem((sem), #sem, &__key);			\
100 } while (0)
101 
102 /*
103  * This is the same regardless of which rwsem implementation that is being used.
104  * It is just a heuristic meant to be called by somebody alreadying holding the
105  * rwsem to see if somebody from an incompatible type is wanting access to the
106  * lock.
107  */
108 static inline int rwsem_is_contended(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
109 {
110 	return !list_empty(&sem->wait_list);
111 }
112 
113 /*
114  * lock for reading
115  */
116 extern void down_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
117 extern int __must_check down_read_killable(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
118 
119 /*
120  * trylock for reading -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
121  */
122 extern int down_read_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
123 
124 /*
125  * lock for writing
126  */
127 extern void down_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
128 extern int __must_check down_write_killable(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
129 
130 /*
131  * trylock for writing -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
132  */
133 extern int down_write_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
134 
135 /*
136  * release a read lock
137  */
138 extern void up_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
139 
140 /*
141  * release a write lock
142  */
143 extern void up_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
144 
145 /*
146  * downgrade write lock to read lock
147  */
148 extern void downgrade_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
149 
150 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
151 /*
152  * nested locking. NOTE: rwsems are not allowed to recurse
153  * (which occurs if the same task tries to acquire the same
154  * lock instance multiple times), but multiple locks of the
155  * same lock class might be taken, if the order of the locks
156  * is always the same. This ordering rule can be expressed
157  * to lockdep via the _nested() APIs, but enumerating the
158  * subclasses that are used. (If the nesting relationship is
159  * static then another method for expressing nested locking is
160  * the explicit definition of lock class keys and the use of
161  * lockdep_set_class() at lock initialization time.
162  * See Documentation/locking/lockdep-design.txt for more details.)
163  */
164 extern void down_read_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass);
165 extern void down_write_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass);
166 extern int down_write_killable_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass);
167 extern void _down_write_nest_lock(struct rw_semaphore *sem, struct lockdep_map *nest_lock);
168 
169 # define down_write_nest_lock(sem, nest_lock)			\
170 do {								\
171 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(nest_lock)->dep_map);	\
172 	_down_write_nest_lock(sem, &(nest_lock)->dep_map);	\
173 } while (0);
174 
175 /*
176  * Take/release a lock when not the owner will release it.
177  *
178  * [ This API should be avoided as much as possible - the
179  *   proper abstraction for this case is completions. ]
180  */
181 extern void down_read_non_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
182 extern void up_read_non_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem);
183 #else
184 # define down_read_nested(sem, subclass)		down_read(sem)
185 # define down_write_nest_lock(sem, nest_lock)	down_write(sem)
186 # define down_write_nested(sem, subclass)	down_write(sem)
187 # define down_write_killable_nested(sem, subclass)	down_write_killable(sem)
188 # define down_read_non_owner(sem)		down_read(sem)
189 # define up_read_non_owner(sem)			up_read(sem)
190 #endif
191 
192 #endif /* _LINUX_RWSEM_H */
193