xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/lockdep.h (revision edc7616c)
1 /*
2  * Runtime locking correctness validator
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
5  *  Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
6  *
7  * see Documentation/lockdep-design.txt for more details.
8  */
9 #ifndef __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
10 #define __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
11 
12 struct task_struct;
13 struct lockdep_map;
14 
15 /* for sysctl */
16 extern int prove_locking;
17 extern int lock_stat;
18 
19 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
20 
21 #include <linux/linkage.h>
22 #include <linux/list.h>
23 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
24 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
25 
26 /*
27  * We'd rather not expose kernel/lockdep_states.h this wide, but we do need
28  * the total number of states... :-(
29  */
30 #define XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES		(1+3*4)
31 
32 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES		8UL
33 
34 /*
35  * Lock-classes are keyed via unique addresses, by embedding the
36  * lockclass-key into the kernel (or module) .data section. (For
37  * static locks we use the lock address itself as the key.)
38  */
39 struct lockdep_subclass_key {
40 	char __one_byte;
41 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));
42 
43 struct lock_class_key {
44 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	subkeys[MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES];
45 };
46 
47 #define LOCKSTAT_POINTS		4
48 
49 /*
50  * The lock-class itself:
51  */
52 struct lock_class {
53 	/*
54 	 * class-hash:
55 	 */
56 	struct list_head		hash_entry;
57 
58 	/*
59 	 * global list of all lock-classes:
60 	 */
61 	struct list_head		lock_entry;
62 
63 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	*key;
64 	unsigned int			subclass;
65 	unsigned int			dep_gen_id;
66 
67 	/*
68 	 * IRQ/softirq usage tracking bits:
69 	 */
70 	unsigned long			usage_mask;
71 	struct stack_trace		usage_traces[XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES];
72 
73 	/*
74 	 * These fields represent a directed graph of lock dependencies,
75 	 * to every node we attach a list of "forward" and a list of
76 	 * "backward" graph nodes.
77 	 */
78 	struct list_head		locks_after, locks_before;
79 
80 	/*
81 	 * Generation counter, when doing certain classes of graph walking,
82 	 * to ensure that we check one node only once:
83 	 */
84 	unsigned int			version;
85 
86 	/*
87 	 * Statistics counter:
88 	 */
89 	unsigned long			ops;
90 
91 	const char			*name;
92 	int				name_version;
93 
94 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
95 	unsigned long			contention_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
96 	unsigned long			contending_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
97 #endif
98 };
99 
100 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
101 struct lock_time {
102 	s64				min;
103 	s64				max;
104 	s64				total;
105 	unsigned long			nr;
106 };
107 
108 enum bounce_type {
109 	bounce_acquired_write,
110 	bounce_acquired_read,
111 	bounce_contended_write,
112 	bounce_contended_read,
113 	nr_bounce_types,
114 
115 	bounce_acquired = bounce_acquired_write,
116 	bounce_contended = bounce_contended_write,
117 };
118 
119 struct lock_class_stats {
120 	unsigned long			contention_point[4];
121 	unsigned long			contending_point[4];
122 	struct lock_time		read_waittime;
123 	struct lock_time		write_waittime;
124 	struct lock_time		read_holdtime;
125 	struct lock_time		write_holdtime;
126 	unsigned long			bounces[nr_bounce_types];
127 };
128 
129 struct lock_class_stats lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
130 void clear_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
131 #endif
132 
133 /*
134  * Map the lock object (the lock instance) to the lock-class object.
135  * This is embedded into specific lock instances:
136  */
137 struct lockdep_map {
138 	struct lock_class_key		*key;
139 	struct lock_class		*class_cache;
140 	const char			*name;
141 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
142 	int				cpu;
143 	unsigned long			ip;
144 #endif
145 };
146 
147 /*
148  * Every lock has a list of other locks that were taken after it.
149  * We only grow the list, never remove from it:
150  */
151 struct lock_list {
152 	struct list_head		entry;
153 	struct lock_class		*class;
154 	struct stack_trace		trace;
155 	int				distance;
156 
157 	/*
158 	 * The parent field is used to implement breadth-first search, and the
159 	 * bit 0 is reused to indicate if the lock has been accessed in BFS.
160 	 */
161 	struct lock_list		*parent;
162 };
163 
164 /*
165  * We record lock dependency chains, so that we can cache them:
166  */
167 struct lock_chain {
168 	u8				irq_context;
169 	u8				depth;
170 	u16				base;
171 	struct list_head		entry;
172 	u64				chain_key;
173 };
174 
175 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS		13
176 /*
177  * Subtract one because we offset hlock->class_idx by 1 in order
178  * to make 0 mean no class. This avoids overflowing the class_idx
179  * bitfield and hitting the BUG in hlock_class().
180  */
181 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS		((1UL << MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS) - 1)
182 
183 struct held_lock {
184 	/*
185 	 * One-way hash of the dependency chain up to this point. We
186 	 * hash the hashes step by step as the dependency chain grows.
187 	 *
188 	 * We use it for dependency-caching and we skip detection
189 	 * passes and dependency-updates if there is a cache-hit, so
190 	 * it is absolutely critical for 100% coverage of the validator
191 	 * to have a unique key value for every unique dependency path
192 	 * that can occur in the system, to make a unique hash value
193 	 * as likely as possible - hence the 64-bit width.
194 	 *
195 	 * The task struct holds the current hash value (initialized
196 	 * with zero), here we store the previous hash value:
197 	 */
198 	u64				prev_chain_key;
199 	unsigned long			acquire_ip;
200 	struct lockdep_map		*instance;
201 	struct lockdep_map		*nest_lock;
202 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
203 	u64 				waittime_stamp;
204 	u64				holdtime_stamp;
205 #endif
206 	unsigned int			class_idx:MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS;
207 	/*
208 	 * The lock-stack is unified in that the lock chains of interrupt
209 	 * contexts nest ontop of process context chains, but we 'separate'
210 	 * the hashes by starting with 0 if we cross into an interrupt
211 	 * context, and we also keep do not add cross-context lock
212 	 * dependencies - the lock usage graph walking covers that area
213 	 * anyway, and we'd just unnecessarily increase the number of
214 	 * dependencies otherwise. [Note: hardirq and softirq contexts
215 	 * are separated from each other too.]
216 	 *
217 	 * The following field is used to detect when we cross into an
218 	 * interrupt context:
219 	 */
220 	unsigned int irq_context:2; /* bit 0 - soft, bit 1 - hard */
221 	unsigned int trylock:1;						/* 16 bits */
222 
223 	unsigned int read:2;        /* see lock_acquire() comment */
224 	unsigned int check:2;       /* see lock_acquire() comment */
225 	unsigned int hardirqs_off:1;
226 	unsigned int references:11;					/* 32 bits */
227 };
228 
229 /*
230  * Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
231  */
232 extern void lockdep_init(void);
233 extern void lockdep_info(void);
234 extern void lockdep_reset(void);
235 extern void lockdep_reset_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
236 extern void lockdep_free_key_range(void *start, unsigned long size);
237 extern void lockdep_sys_exit(void);
238 
239 extern void lockdep_off(void);
240 extern void lockdep_on(void);
241 
242 /*
243  * These methods are used by specific locking variants (spinlocks,
244  * rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems) to pass init/acquire/release events
245  * to lockdep:
246  */
247 
248 extern void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
249 			     struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass);
250 
251 /*
252  * To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
253  * Note that _name must not be NULL.
254  */
255 #define STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
256 	{ .name = (_name), .key = (void *)(_key), }
257 
258 /*
259  * Reinitialize a lock key - for cases where there is special locking or
260  * special initialization of locks so that the validator gets the scope
261  * of dependencies wrong: they are either too broad (they need a class-split)
262  * or they are too narrow (they suffer from a false class-split):
263  */
264 #define lockdep_set_class(lock, key) \
265 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, 0)
266 #define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
267 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, name, key, 0)
268 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
269 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, sub)
270 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)	\
271 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #lock, \
272 				 (lock)->dep_map.key, sub)
273 /*
274  * Compare locking classes
275  */
276 #define lockdep_match_class(lock, key) lockdep_match_key(&(lock)->dep_map, key)
277 
278 static inline int lockdep_match_key(struct lockdep_map *lock,
279 				    struct lock_class_key *key)
280 {
281 	return lock->key == key;
282 }
283 
284 /*
285  * Acquire a lock.
286  *
287  * Values for "read":
288  *
289  *   0: exclusive (write) acquire
290  *   1: read-acquire (no recursion allowed)
291  *   2: read-acquire with same-instance recursion allowed
292  *
293  * Values for check:
294  *
295  *   0: disabled
296  *   1: simple checks (freeing, held-at-exit-time, etc.)
297  *   2: full validation
298  */
299 extern void lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
300 			 int trylock, int read, int check,
301 			 struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip);
302 
303 extern void lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested,
304 			 unsigned long ip);
305 
306 #define lockdep_is_held(lock)	lock_is_held(&(lock)->dep_map)
307 
308 extern int lock_is_held(struct lockdep_map *lock);
309 
310 extern void lock_set_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
311 			   struct lock_class_key *key, unsigned int subclass,
312 			   unsigned long ip);
313 
314 static inline void lock_set_subclass(struct lockdep_map *lock,
315 		unsigned int subclass, unsigned long ip)
316 {
317 	lock_set_class(lock, lock->name, lock->key, subclass, ip);
318 }
319 
320 extern void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask);
321 extern void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void);
322 extern void lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t mask);
323 
324 # define INIT_LOCKDEP				.lockdep_recursion = 0, .lockdep_reclaim_gfp = 0,
325 
326 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(debug_locks ? (tsk)->lockdep_depth : 0)
327 
328 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)	WARN_ON(debug_locks && !lockdep_is_held(l))
329 
330 #else /* !LOCKDEP */
331 
332 static inline void lockdep_off(void)
333 {
334 }
335 
336 static inline void lockdep_on(void)
337 {
338 }
339 
340 # define lock_acquire(l, s, t, r, c, n, i)	do { } while (0)
341 # define lock_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
342 # define lock_set_class(l, n, k, s, i)		do { } while (0)
343 # define lock_set_subclass(l, s, i)		do { } while (0)
344 # define lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(g)	do { } while (0)
345 # define lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state()	do { } while (0)
346 # define lockdep_trace_alloc(g)			do { } while (0)
347 # define lockdep_init()				do { } while (0)
348 # define lockdep_info()				do { } while (0)
349 # define lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, sub) \
350 		do { (void)(name); (void)(key); } while (0)
351 # define lockdep_set_class(lock, key)		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
352 # define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
353 		do { (void)(key); (void)(name); } while (0)
354 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
355 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
356 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)		do { } while (0)
357 /*
358  * We don't define lockdep_match_class() and lockdep_match_key() for !LOCKDEP
359  * case since the result is not well defined and the caller should rather
360  * #ifdef the call himself.
361  */
362 
363 # define INIT_LOCKDEP
364 # define lockdep_reset()		do { debug_locks = 1; } while (0)
365 # define lockdep_free_key_range(start, size)	do { } while (0)
366 # define lockdep_sys_exit() 			do { } while (0)
367 /*
368  * The class key takes no space if lockdep is disabled:
369  */
370 struct lock_class_key { };
371 
372 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(0)
373 
374 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)			do { } while (0)
375 
376 #endif /* !LOCKDEP */
377 
378 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
379 
380 extern void lock_contended(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
381 extern void lock_acquired(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
382 
383 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock)			\
384 do {								\
385 	if (!try(_lock)) {					\
386 		lock_contended(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);	\
387 		lock(_lock);					\
388 	}							\
389 	lock_acquired(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);			\
390 } while (0)
391 
392 #else /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
393 
394 #define lock_contended(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
395 #define lock_acquired(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
396 
397 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock) \
398 	lock(_lock)
399 
400 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
401 
402 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
403 
404 /*
405  * On lockdep we dont want the hand-coded irq-enable of
406  * _raw_*_lock_flags() code, because lockdep assumes
407  * that interrupts are not re-enabled during lock-acquire:
408  */
409 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
410 	LOCK_CONTENDED((_lock), (try), (lock))
411 
412 #else /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
413 
414 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
415 	lockfl((_lock), (flags))
416 
417 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
418 
419 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS
420 extern void early_init_irq_lock_class(void);
421 #else
422 static inline void early_init_irq_lock_class(void)
423 {
424 }
425 #endif
426 
427 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
428 extern void early_boot_irqs_off(void);
429 extern void early_boot_irqs_on(void);
430 extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr);
431 #else
432 static inline void early_boot_irqs_off(void)
433 {
434 }
435 static inline void early_boot_irqs_on(void)
436 {
437 }
438 static inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
439 {
440 }
441 #endif
442 
443 /*
444  * For trivial one-depth nesting of a lock-class, the following
445  * global define can be used. (Subsystems with multiple levels
446  * of nesting should define their own lock-nesting subclasses.)
447  */
448 #define SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING			1
449 
450 /*
451  * Map the dependency ops to NOP or to real lockdep ops, depending
452  * on the per lock-class debug mode:
453  */
454 
455 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
456 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
457 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
458 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, n, i)
459 # else
460 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
461 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
462 # endif
463 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
464 #else
465 # define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
466 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
467 #endif
468 
469 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
470 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
471 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
472 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 2, NULL, i)
473 # else
474 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
475 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 1, NULL, i)
476 # endif
477 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		lock_release(l, n, i)
478 #else
479 # define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
480 # define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	do { } while (0)
481 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		do { } while (0)
482 #endif
483 
484 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
485 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
486 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
487 # else
488 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
489 # endif
490 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
491 #else
492 # define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
493 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
494 #endif
495 
496 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
497 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
498 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
499 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 2, NULL, i)
500 # else
501 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
502 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 1, NULL, i)
503 # endif
504 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
505 #else
506 # define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
507 # define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
508 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
509 #endif
510 
511 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
512 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
513 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
514 # else
515 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
516 # endif
517 # define lock_map_release(l)			lock_release(l, 1, _THIS_IP_)
518 #else
519 # define lock_map_acquire(l)			do { } while (0)
520 # define lock_map_release(l)			do { } while (0)
521 #endif
522 
523 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
524 # define might_lock(lock) 						\
525 do {									\
526 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
527 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
528 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
529 } while (0)
530 # define might_lock_read(lock) 						\
531 do {									\
532 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
533 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 1, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
534 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
535 } while (0)
536 #else
537 # define might_lock(lock) do { } while (0)
538 # define might_lock_read(lock) do { } while (0)
539 #endif
540 
541 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
542 extern void lockdep_rcu_dereference(const char *file, const int line);
543 #endif
544 
545 #endif /* __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H */
546