xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/lockdep.h (revision b454cc66)
1 /*
2  * Runtime locking correctness validator
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
5  *
6  * see Documentation/lockdep-design.txt for more details.
7  */
8 #ifndef __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
9 #define __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
10 
11 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
12 
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <linux/list.h>
15 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
16 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
17 
18 /*
19  * Lock-class usage-state bits:
20  */
21 enum lock_usage_bit
22 {
23 	LOCK_USED = 0,
24 	LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ,
25 	LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ,
26 	LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS,
27 	LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS,
28 	LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ,
29 	LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ,
30 	LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ,
31 	LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ,
32 	LOCK_USAGE_STATES
33 };
34 
35 /*
36  * Usage-state bitmasks:
37  */
38 #define LOCKF_USED			(1 << LOCK_USED)
39 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ		(1 << LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ)
40 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ		(1 << LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ)
41 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS		(1 << LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS)
42 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS		(1 << LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS)
43 
44 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQS (LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS | LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS)
45 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ (LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ | LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ)
46 
47 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ	(1 << LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ)
48 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ	(1 << LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ)
49 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ	(1 << LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ)
50 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ	(1 << LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ)
51 
52 #define LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQS_READ \
53 		(LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ | LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ)
54 #define LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ_READ \
55 		(LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ | LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ)
56 
57 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES		8UL
58 
59 /*
60  * Lock-classes are keyed via unique addresses, by embedding the
61  * lockclass-key into the kernel (or module) .data section. (For
62  * static locks we use the lock address itself as the key.)
63  */
64 struct lockdep_subclass_key {
65 	char __one_byte;
66 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));
67 
68 struct lock_class_key {
69 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	subkeys[MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES];
70 };
71 
72 /*
73  * The lock-class itself:
74  */
75 struct lock_class {
76 	/*
77 	 * class-hash:
78 	 */
79 	struct list_head		hash_entry;
80 
81 	/*
82 	 * global list of all lock-classes:
83 	 */
84 	struct list_head		lock_entry;
85 
86 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	*key;
87 	unsigned int			subclass;
88 
89 	/*
90 	 * IRQ/softirq usage tracking bits:
91 	 */
92 	unsigned long			usage_mask;
93 	struct stack_trace		usage_traces[LOCK_USAGE_STATES];
94 
95 	/*
96 	 * These fields represent a directed graph of lock dependencies,
97 	 * to every node we attach a list of "forward" and a list of
98 	 * "backward" graph nodes.
99 	 */
100 	struct list_head		locks_after, locks_before;
101 
102 	/*
103 	 * Generation counter, when doing certain classes of graph walking,
104 	 * to ensure that we check one node only once:
105 	 */
106 	unsigned int			version;
107 
108 	/*
109 	 * Statistics counter:
110 	 */
111 	unsigned long			ops;
112 
113 	const char			*name;
114 	int				name_version;
115 };
116 
117 /*
118  * Map the lock object (the lock instance) to the lock-class object.
119  * This is embedded into specific lock instances:
120  */
121 struct lockdep_map {
122 	struct lock_class_key		*key;
123 	struct lock_class		*class_cache;
124 	const char			*name;
125 };
126 
127 /*
128  * Every lock has a list of other locks that were taken after it.
129  * We only grow the list, never remove from it:
130  */
131 struct lock_list {
132 	struct list_head		entry;
133 	struct lock_class		*class;
134 	struct stack_trace		trace;
135 };
136 
137 /*
138  * We record lock dependency chains, so that we can cache them:
139  */
140 struct lock_chain {
141 	struct list_head		entry;
142 	u64				chain_key;
143 };
144 
145 struct held_lock {
146 	/*
147 	 * One-way hash of the dependency chain up to this point. We
148 	 * hash the hashes step by step as the dependency chain grows.
149 	 *
150 	 * We use it for dependency-caching and we skip detection
151 	 * passes and dependency-updates if there is a cache-hit, so
152 	 * it is absolutely critical for 100% coverage of the validator
153 	 * to have a unique key value for every unique dependency path
154 	 * that can occur in the system, to make a unique hash value
155 	 * as likely as possible - hence the 64-bit width.
156 	 *
157 	 * The task struct holds the current hash value (initialized
158 	 * with zero), here we store the previous hash value:
159 	 */
160 	u64				prev_chain_key;
161 	struct lock_class		*class;
162 	unsigned long			acquire_ip;
163 	struct lockdep_map		*instance;
164 
165 	/*
166 	 * The lock-stack is unified in that the lock chains of interrupt
167 	 * contexts nest ontop of process context chains, but we 'separate'
168 	 * the hashes by starting with 0 if we cross into an interrupt
169 	 * context, and we also keep do not add cross-context lock
170 	 * dependencies - the lock usage graph walking covers that area
171 	 * anyway, and we'd just unnecessarily increase the number of
172 	 * dependencies otherwise. [Note: hardirq and softirq contexts
173 	 * are separated from each other too.]
174 	 *
175 	 * The following field is used to detect when we cross into an
176 	 * interrupt context:
177 	 */
178 	int				irq_context;
179 	int				trylock;
180 	int				read;
181 	int				check;
182 	int				hardirqs_off;
183 };
184 
185 /*
186  * Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
187  */
188 extern void lockdep_init(void);
189 extern void lockdep_info(void);
190 extern void lockdep_reset(void);
191 extern void lockdep_reset_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
192 extern void lockdep_free_key_range(void *start, unsigned long size);
193 
194 extern void lockdep_off(void);
195 extern void lockdep_on(void);
196 
197 /*
198  * These methods are used by specific locking variants (spinlocks,
199  * rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems) to pass init/acquire/release events
200  * to lockdep:
201  */
202 
203 extern void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
204 			     struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass);
205 
206 /*
207  * Reinitialize a lock key - for cases where there is special locking or
208  * special initialization of locks so that the validator gets the scope
209  * of dependencies wrong: they are either too broad (they need a class-split)
210  * or they are too narrow (they suffer from a false class-split):
211  */
212 #define lockdep_set_class(lock, key) \
213 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, 0)
214 #define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
215 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, name, key, 0)
216 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
217 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, sub)
218 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)	\
219 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #lock, \
220 				 (lock)->dep_map.key, sub)
221 
222 /*
223  * Acquire a lock.
224  *
225  * Values for "read":
226  *
227  *   0: exclusive (write) acquire
228  *   1: read-acquire (no recursion allowed)
229  *   2: read-acquire with same-instance recursion allowed
230  *
231  * Values for check:
232  *
233  *   0: disabled
234  *   1: simple checks (freeing, held-at-exit-time, etc.)
235  *   2: full validation
236  */
237 extern void lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
238 			 int trylock, int read, int check, unsigned long ip);
239 
240 extern void lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested,
241 			 unsigned long ip);
242 
243 # define INIT_LOCKDEP				.lockdep_recursion = 0,
244 
245 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	((tsk)->lockdep_depth)
246 
247 #else /* !LOCKDEP */
248 
249 static inline void lockdep_off(void)
250 {
251 }
252 
253 static inline void lockdep_on(void)
254 {
255 }
256 
257 # define lock_acquire(l, s, t, r, c, i)		do { } while (0)
258 # define lock_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
259 # define lockdep_init()				do { } while (0)
260 # define lockdep_info()				do { } while (0)
261 # define lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, sub)	do { (void)(key); } while (0)
262 # define lockdep_set_class(lock, key)		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
263 # define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
264 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
265 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
266 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
267 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)		do { } while (0)
268 
269 # define INIT_LOCKDEP
270 # define lockdep_reset()		do { debug_locks = 1; } while (0)
271 # define lockdep_free_key_range(start, size)	do { } while (0)
272 /*
273  * The class key takes no space if lockdep is disabled:
274  */
275 struct lock_class_key { };
276 
277 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(0)
278 
279 #endif /* !LOCKDEP */
280 
281 #if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS) && defined(CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS)
282 extern void early_init_irq_lock_class(void);
283 #else
284 static inline void early_init_irq_lock_class(void)
285 {
286 }
287 #endif
288 
289 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
290 extern void early_boot_irqs_off(void);
291 extern void early_boot_irqs_on(void);
292 extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr);
293 #else
294 static inline void early_boot_irqs_off(void)
295 {
296 }
297 static inline void early_boot_irqs_on(void)
298 {
299 }
300 static inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
301 {
302 }
303 #endif
304 
305 /*
306  * For trivial one-depth nesting of a lock-class, the following
307  * global define can be used. (Subsystems with multiple levels
308  * of nesting should define their own lock-nesting subclasses.)
309  */
310 #define SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING			1
311 
312 /*
313  * Map the dependency ops to NOP or to real lockdep ops, depending
314  * on the per lock-class debug mode:
315  */
316 
317 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
318 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
319 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, i)
320 # else
321 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, i)
322 # endif
323 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
324 #else
325 # define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
326 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
327 #endif
328 
329 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
330 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
331 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, i)
332 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 2, i)
333 # else
334 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, i)
335 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 1, i)
336 # endif
337 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		lock_release(l, n, i)
338 #else
339 # define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
340 # define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	do { } while (0)
341 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		do { } while (0)
342 #endif
343 
344 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
345 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
346 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, i)
347 # else
348 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, i)
349 # endif
350 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
351 #else
352 # define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
353 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
354 #endif
355 
356 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
357 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
358 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, i)
359 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 2, i)
360 # else
361 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, i)
362 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 1, i)
363 # endif
364 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
365 #else
366 # define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
367 # define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
368 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
369 #endif
370 
371 #endif /* __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H */
372