xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/lockdep.h (revision 2277ab4a)
1 /*
2  * Runtime locking correctness validator
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
5  *  Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
6  *
7  * see Documentation/lockdep-design.txt for more details.
8  */
9 #ifndef __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
10 #define __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
11 
12 struct task_struct;
13 struct lockdep_map;
14 
15 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
16 
17 #include <linux/linkage.h>
18 #include <linux/list.h>
19 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
20 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
21 
22 /*
23  * We'd rather not expose kernel/lockdep_states.h this wide, but we do need
24  * the total number of states... :-(
25  */
26 #define XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES		(1+3*4)
27 
28 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES		8UL
29 
30 /*
31  * Lock-classes are keyed via unique addresses, by embedding the
32  * lockclass-key into the kernel (or module) .data section. (For
33  * static locks we use the lock address itself as the key.)
34  */
35 struct lockdep_subclass_key {
36 	char __one_byte;
37 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));
38 
39 struct lock_class_key {
40 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	subkeys[MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES];
41 };
42 
43 #define LOCKSTAT_POINTS		4
44 
45 /*
46  * The lock-class itself:
47  */
48 struct lock_class {
49 	/*
50 	 * class-hash:
51 	 */
52 	struct list_head		hash_entry;
53 
54 	/*
55 	 * global list of all lock-classes:
56 	 */
57 	struct list_head		lock_entry;
58 
59 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	*key;
60 	unsigned int			subclass;
61 	unsigned int			dep_gen_id;
62 
63 	/*
64 	 * IRQ/softirq usage tracking bits:
65 	 */
66 	unsigned long			usage_mask;
67 	struct stack_trace		usage_traces[XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES];
68 
69 	/*
70 	 * These fields represent a directed graph of lock dependencies,
71 	 * to every node we attach a list of "forward" and a list of
72 	 * "backward" graph nodes.
73 	 */
74 	struct list_head		locks_after, locks_before;
75 
76 	/*
77 	 * Generation counter, when doing certain classes of graph walking,
78 	 * to ensure that we check one node only once:
79 	 */
80 	unsigned int			version;
81 
82 	/*
83 	 * Statistics counter:
84 	 */
85 	unsigned long			ops;
86 
87 	const char			*name;
88 	int				name_version;
89 
90 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
91 	unsigned long			contention_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
92 	unsigned long			contending_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
93 #endif
94 };
95 
96 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
97 struct lock_time {
98 	s64				min;
99 	s64				max;
100 	s64				total;
101 	unsigned long			nr;
102 };
103 
104 enum bounce_type {
105 	bounce_acquired_write,
106 	bounce_acquired_read,
107 	bounce_contended_write,
108 	bounce_contended_read,
109 	nr_bounce_types,
110 
111 	bounce_acquired = bounce_acquired_write,
112 	bounce_contended = bounce_contended_write,
113 };
114 
115 struct lock_class_stats {
116 	unsigned long			contention_point[4];
117 	unsigned long			contending_point[4];
118 	struct lock_time		read_waittime;
119 	struct lock_time		write_waittime;
120 	struct lock_time		read_holdtime;
121 	struct lock_time		write_holdtime;
122 	unsigned long			bounces[nr_bounce_types];
123 };
124 
125 struct lock_class_stats lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
126 void clear_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
127 #endif
128 
129 /*
130  * Map the lock object (the lock instance) to the lock-class object.
131  * This is embedded into specific lock instances:
132  */
133 struct lockdep_map {
134 	struct lock_class_key		*key;
135 	struct lock_class		*class_cache;
136 	const char			*name;
137 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
138 	int				cpu;
139 	unsigned long			ip;
140 #endif
141 };
142 
143 /*
144  * Every lock has a list of other locks that were taken after it.
145  * We only grow the list, never remove from it:
146  */
147 struct lock_list {
148 	struct list_head		entry;
149 	struct lock_class		*class;
150 	struct stack_trace		trace;
151 	int				distance;
152 };
153 
154 /*
155  * We record lock dependency chains, so that we can cache them:
156  */
157 struct lock_chain {
158 	u8				irq_context;
159 	u8				depth;
160 	u16				base;
161 	struct list_head		entry;
162 	u64				chain_key;
163 };
164 
165 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS		13
166 /*
167  * Subtract one because we offset hlock->class_idx by 1 in order
168  * to make 0 mean no class. This avoids overflowing the class_idx
169  * bitfield and hitting the BUG in hlock_class().
170  */
171 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS		((1UL << MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS) - 1)
172 
173 struct held_lock {
174 	/*
175 	 * One-way hash of the dependency chain up to this point. We
176 	 * hash the hashes step by step as the dependency chain grows.
177 	 *
178 	 * We use it for dependency-caching and we skip detection
179 	 * passes and dependency-updates if there is a cache-hit, so
180 	 * it is absolutely critical for 100% coverage of the validator
181 	 * to have a unique key value for every unique dependency path
182 	 * that can occur in the system, to make a unique hash value
183 	 * as likely as possible - hence the 64-bit width.
184 	 *
185 	 * The task struct holds the current hash value (initialized
186 	 * with zero), here we store the previous hash value:
187 	 */
188 	u64				prev_chain_key;
189 	unsigned long			acquire_ip;
190 	struct lockdep_map		*instance;
191 	struct lockdep_map		*nest_lock;
192 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
193 	u64 				waittime_stamp;
194 	u64				holdtime_stamp;
195 #endif
196 	unsigned int			class_idx:MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS;
197 	/*
198 	 * The lock-stack is unified in that the lock chains of interrupt
199 	 * contexts nest ontop of process context chains, but we 'separate'
200 	 * the hashes by starting with 0 if we cross into an interrupt
201 	 * context, and we also keep do not add cross-context lock
202 	 * dependencies - the lock usage graph walking covers that area
203 	 * anyway, and we'd just unnecessarily increase the number of
204 	 * dependencies otherwise. [Note: hardirq and softirq contexts
205 	 * are separated from each other too.]
206 	 *
207 	 * The following field is used to detect when we cross into an
208 	 * interrupt context:
209 	 */
210 	unsigned int irq_context:2; /* bit 0 - soft, bit 1 - hard */
211 	unsigned int trylock:1;
212 	unsigned int read:2;        /* see lock_acquire() comment */
213 	unsigned int check:2;       /* see lock_acquire() comment */
214 	unsigned int hardirqs_off:1;
215 };
216 
217 /*
218  * Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
219  */
220 extern void lockdep_init(void);
221 extern void lockdep_info(void);
222 extern void lockdep_reset(void);
223 extern void lockdep_reset_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
224 extern void lockdep_free_key_range(void *start, unsigned long size);
225 extern void lockdep_sys_exit(void);
226 
227 extern void lockdep_off(void);
228 extern void lockdep_on(void);
229 
230 /*
231  * These methods are used by specific locking variants (spinlocks,
232  * rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems) to pass init/acquire/release events
233  * to lockdep:
234  */
235 
236 extern void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
237 			     struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass);
238 
239 /*
240  * To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
241  * Note that _name must not be NULL.
242  */
243 #define STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
244 	{ .name = (_name), .key = (void *)(_key), }
245 
246 /*
247  * Reinitialize a lock key - for cases where there is special locking or
248  * special initialization of locks so that the validator gets the scope
249  * of dependencies wrong: they are either too broad (they need a class-split)
250  * or they are too narrow (they suffer from a false class-split):
251  */
252 #define lockdep_set_class(lock, key) \
253 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, 0)
254 #define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
255 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, name, key, 0)
256 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
257 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, sub)
258 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)	\
259 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #lock, \
260 				 (lock)->dep_map.key, sub)
261 /*
262  * Compare locking classes
263  */
264 #define lockdep_match_class(lock, key) lockdep_match_key(&(lock)->dep_map, key)
265 
266 static inline int lockdep_match_key(struct lockdep_map *lock,
267 				    struct lock_class_key *key)
268 {
269 	return lock->key == key;
270 }
271 
272 /*
273  * Acquire a lock.
274  *
275  * Values for "read":
276  *
277  *   0: exclusive (write) acquire
278  *   1: read-acquire (no recursion allowed)
279  *   2: read-acquire with same-instance recursion allowed
280  *
281  * Values for check:
282  *
283  *   0: disabled
284  *   1: simple checks (freeing, held-at-exit-time, etc.)
285  *   2: full validation
286  */
287 extern void lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
288 			 int trylock, int read, int check,
289 			 struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip);
290 
291 extern void lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested,
292 			 unsigned long ip);
293 
294 extern void lock_set_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
295 			   struct lock_class_key *key, unsigned int subclass,
296 			   unsigned long ip);
297 
298 static inline void lock_set_subclass(struct lockdep_map *lock,
299 		unsigned int subclass, unsigned long ip)
300 {
301 	lock_set_class(lock, lock->name, lock->key, subclass, ip);
302 }
303 
304 extern void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask);
305 extern void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void);
306 extern void lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t mask);
307 
308 # define INIT_LOCKDEP				.lockdep_recursion = 0, .lockdep_reclaim_gfp = 0,
309 
310 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(debug_locks ? (tsk)->lockdep_depth : 0)
311 
312 #else /* !LOCKDEP */
313 
314 static inline void lockdep_off(void)
315 {
316 }
317 
318 static inline void lockdep_on(void)
319 {
320 }
321 
322 # define lock_acquire(l, s, t, r, c, n, i)	do { } while (0)
323 # define lock_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
324 # define lock_set_class(l, n, k, s, i)		do { } while (0)
325 # define lock_set_subclass(l, s, i)		do { } while (0)
326 # define lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(g)	do { } while (0)
327 # define lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state()	do { } while (0)
328 # define lockdep_trace_alloc(g)			do { } while (0)
329 # define lockdep_init()				do { } while (0)
330 # define lockdep_info()				do { } while (0)
331 # define lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, sub) \
332 		do { (void)(name); (void)(key); } while (0)
333 # define lockdep_set_class(lock, key)		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
334 # define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
335 		do { (void)(key); (void)(name); } while (0)
336 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
337 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
338 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)		do { } while (0)
339 /*
340  * We don't define lockdep_match_class() and lockdep_match_key() for !LOCKDEP
341  * case since the result is not well defined and the caller should rather
342  * #ifdef the call himself.
343  */
344 
345 # define INIT_LOCKDEP
346 # define lockdep_reset()		do { debug_locks = 1; } while (0)
347 # define lockdep_free_key_range(start, size)	do { } while (0)
348 # define lockdep_sys_exit() 			do { } while (0)
349 /*
350  * The class key takes no space if lockdep is disabled:
351  */
352 struct lock_class_key { };
353 
354 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(0)
355 
356 #endif /* !LOCKDEP */
357 
358 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
359 
360 extern void lock_contended(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
361 extern void lock_acquired(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
362 
363 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock)			\
364 do {								\
365 	if (!try(_lock)) {					\
366 		lock_contended(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);	\
367 		lock(_lock);					\
368 	}							\
369 	lock_acquired(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);			\
370 } while (0)
371 
372 #else /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
373 
374 #define lock_contended(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
375 #define lock_acquired(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
376 
377 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock) \
378 	lock(_lock)
379 
380 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
381 
382 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
383 
384 /*
385  * On lockdep we dont want the hand-coded irq-enable of
386  * _raw_*_lock_flags() code, because lockdep assumes
387  * that interrupts are not re-enabled during lock-acquire:
388  */
389 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
390 	LOCK_CONTENDED((_lock), (try), (lock))
391 
392 #else /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
393 
394 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
395 	lockfl((_lock), (flags))
396 
397 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
398 
399 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS
400 extern void early_init_irq_lock_class(void);
401 #else
402 static inline void early_init_irq_lock_class(void)
403 {
404 }
405 #endif
406 
407 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
408 extern void early_boot_irqs_off(void);
409 extern void early_boot_irqs_on(void);
410 extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr);
411 #else
412 static inline void early_boot_irqs_off(void)
413 {
414 }
415 static inline void early_boot_irqs_on(void)
416 {
417 }
418 static inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
419 {
420 }
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424  * For trivial one-depth nesting of a lock-class, the following
425  * global define can be used. (Subsystems with multiple levels
426  * of nesting should define their own lock-nesting subclasses.)
427  */
428 #define SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING			1
429 
430 /*
431  * Map the dependency ops to NOP or to real lockdep ops, depending
432  * on the per lock-class debug mode:
433  */
434 
435 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
436 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
437 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
438 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, n, i)
439 # else
440 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
441 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
442 # endif
443 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
444 #else
445 # define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
446 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
447 #endif
448 
449 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
450 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
451 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
452 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 2, NULL, i)
453 # else
454 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
455 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 1, NULL, i)
456 # endif
457 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		lock_release(l, n, i)
458 #else
459 # define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
460 # define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	do { } while (0)
461 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		do { } while (0)
462 #endif
463 
464 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
465 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
466 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
467 # else
468 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
469 # endif
470 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
471 #else
472 # define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
473 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
474 #endif
475 
476 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
477 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
478 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
479 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 2, NULL, i)
480 # else
481 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
482 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 1, NULL, i)
483 # endif
484 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
485 #else
486 # define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
487 # define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
488 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
489 #endif
490 
491 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
492 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
493 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
494 # else
495 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
496 # endif
497 # define lock_map_release(l)			lock_release(l, 1, _THIS_IP_)
498 #else
499 # define lock_map_acquire(l)			do { } while (0)
500 # define lock_map_release(l)			do { } while (0)
501 #endif
502 
503 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
504 # define might_lock(lock) 						\
505 do {									\
506 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
507 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
508 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
509 } while (0)
510 # define might_lock_read(lock) 						\
511 do {									\
512 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
513 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 1, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
514 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
515 } while (0)
516 #else
517 # define might_lock(lock) do { } while (0)
518 # define might_lock_read(lock) do { } while (0)
519 #endif
520 
521 #endif /* __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H */
522