xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/lockdep.h (revision 06c7a489)
1 /*
2  * Runtime locking correctness validator
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
5  *  Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
6  *
7  * see Documentation/lockdep-design.txt for more details.
8  */
9 #ifndef __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
10 #define __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
11 
12 struct task_struct;
13 struct lockdep_map;
14 
15 /* for sysctl */
16 extern int prove_locking;
17 extern int lock_stat;
18 
19 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
20 
21 #include <linux/linkage.h>
22 #include <linux/list.h>
23 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
24 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
25 
26 /*
27  * We'd rather not expose kernel/lockdep_states.h this wide, but we do need
28  * the total number of states... :-(
29  */
30 #define XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES		(1+3*4)
31 
32 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES		8UL
33 
34 /*
35  * Lock-classes are keyed via unique addresses, by embedding the
36  * lockclass-key into the kernel (or module) .data section. (For
37  * static locks we use the lock address itself as the key.)
38  */
39 struct lockdep_subclass_key {
40 	char __one_byte;
41 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));
42 
43 struct lock_class_key {
44 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	subkeys[MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES];
45 };
46 
47 extern struct lock_class_key __lockdep_no_validate__;
48 
49 #define LOCKSTAT_POINTS		4
50 
51 /*
52  * The lock-class itself:
53  */
54 struct lock_class {
55 	/*
56 	 * class-hash:
57 	 */
58 	struct list_head		hash_entry;
59 
60 	/*
61 	 * global list of all lock-classes:
62 	 */
63 	struct list_head		lock_entry;
64 
65 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	*key;
66 	unsigned int			subclass;
67 	unsigned int			dep_gen_id;
68 
69 	/*
70 	 * IRQ/softirq usage tracking bits:
71 	 */
72 	unsigned long			usage_mask;
73 	struct stack_trace		usage_traces[XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES];
74 
75 	/*
76 	 * These fields represent a directed graph of lock dependencies,
77 	 * to every node we attach a list of "forward" and a list of
78 	 * "backward" graph nodes.
79 	 */
80 	struct list_head		locks_after, locks_before;
81 
82 	/*
83 	 * Generation counter, when doing certain classes of graph walking,
84 	 * to ensure that we check one node only once:
85 	 */
86 	unsigned int			version;
87 
88 	/*
89 	 * Statistics counter:
90 	 */
91 	unsigned long			ops;
92 
93 	const char			*name;
94 	int				name_version;
95 
96 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
97 	unsigned long			contention_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
98 	unsigned long			contending_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
99 #endif
100 };
101 
102 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
103 struct lock_time {
104 	s64				min;
105 	s64				max;
106 	s64				total;
107 	unsigned long			nr;
108 };
109 
110 enum bounce_type {
111 	bounce_acquired_write,
112 	bounce_acquired_read,
113 	bounce_contended_write,
114 	bounce_contended_read,
115 	nr_bounce_types,
116 
117 	bounce_acquired = bounce_acquired_write,
118 	bounce_contended = bounce_contended_write,
119 };
120 
121 struct lock_class_stats {
122 	unsigned long			contention_point[4];
123 	unsigned long			contending_point[4];
124 	struct lock_time		read_waittime;
125 	struct lock_time		write_waittime;
126 	struct lock_time		read_holdtime;
127 	struct lock_time		write_holdtime;
128 	unsigned long			bounces[nr_bounce_types];
129 };
130 
131 struct lock_class_stats lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
132 void clear_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
133 #endif
134 
135 /*
136  * Map the lock object (the lock instance) to the lock-class object.
137  * This is embedded into specific lock instances:
138  */
139 struct lockdep_map {
140 	struct lock_class_key		*key;
141 	struct lock_class		*class_cache;
142 	const char			*name;
143 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
144 	int				cpu;
145 	unsigned long			ip;
146 #endif
147 };
148 
149 /*
150  * Every lock has a list of other locks that were taken after it.
151  * We only grow the list, never remove from it:
152  */
153 struct lock_list {
154 	struct list_head		entry;
155 	struct lock_class		*class;
156 	struct stack_trace		trace;
157 	int				distance;
158 
159 	/*
160 	 * The parent field is used to implement breadth-first search, and the
161 	 * bit 0 is reused to indicate if the lock has been accessed in BFS.
162 	 */
163 	struct lock_list		*parent;
164 };
165 
166 /*
167  * We record lock dependency chains, so that we can cache them:
168  */
169 struct lock_chain {
170 	u8				irq_context;
171 	u8				depth;
172 	u16				base;
173 	struct list_head		entry;
174 	u64				chain_key;
175 };
176 
177 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS		13
178 /*
179  * Subtract one because we offset hlock->class_idx by 1 in order
180  * to make 0 mean no class. This avoids overflowing the class_idx
181  * bitfield and hitting the BUG in hlock_class().
182  */
183 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS		((1UL << MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS) - 1)
184 
185 struct held_lock {
186 	/*
187 	 * One-way hash of the dependency chain up to this point. We
188 	 * hash the hashes step by step as the dependency chain grows.
189 	 *
190 	 * We use it for dependency-caching and we skip detection
191 	 * passes and dependency-updates if there is a cache-hit, so
192 	 * it is absolutely critical for 100% coverage of the validator
193 	 * to have a unique key value for every unique dependency path
194 	 * that can occur in the system, to make a unique hash value
195 	 * as likely as possible - hence the 64-bit width.
196 	 *
197 	 * The task struct holds the current hash value (initialized
198 	 * with zero), here we store the previous hash value:
199 	 */
200 	u64				prev_chain_key;
201 	unsigned long			acquire_ip;
202 	struct lockdep_map		*instance;
203 	struct lockdep_map		*nest_lock;
204 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
205 	u64 				waittime_stamp;
206 	u64				holdtime_stamp;
207 #endif
208 	unsigned int			class_idx:MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS;
209 	/*
210 	 * The lock-stack is unified in that the lock chains of interrupt
211 	 * contexts nest ontop of process context chains, but we 'separate'
212 	 * the hashes by starting with 0 if we cross into an interrupt
213 	 * context, and we also keep do not add cross-context lock
214 	 * dependencies - the lock usage graph walking covers that area
215 	 * anyway, and we'd just unnecessarily increase the number of
216 	 * dependencies otherwise. [Note: hardirq and softirq contexts
217 	 * are separated from each other too.]
218 	 *
219 	 * The following field is used to detect when we cross into an
220 	 * interrupt context:
221 	 */
222 	unsigned int irq_context:2; /* bit 0 - soft, bit 1 - hard */
223 	unsigned int trylock:1;						/* 16 bits */
224 
225 	unsigned int read:2;        /* see lock_acquire() comment */
226 	unsigned int check:2;       /* see lock_acquire() comment */
227 	unsigned int hardirqs_off:1;
228 	unsigned int references:11;					/* 32 bits */
229 };
230 
231 /*
232  * Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
233  */
234 extern void lockdep_init(void);
235 extern void lockdep_info(void);
236 extern void lockdep_reset(void);
237 extern void lockdep_reset_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
238 extern void lockdep_free_key_range(void *start, unsigned long size);
239 extern void lockdep_sys_exit(void);
240 
241 extern void lockdep_off(void);
242 extern void lockdep_on(void);
243 
244 /*
245  * These methods are used by specific locking variants (spinlocks,
246  * rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems) to pass init/acquire/release events
247  * to lockdep:
248  */
249 
250 extern void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
251 			     struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass);
252 
253 /*
254  * To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
255  * Note that _name must not be NULL.
256  */
257 #define STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
258 	{ .name = (_name), .key = (void *)(_key), }
259 
260 /*
261  * Reinitialize a lock key - for cases where there is special locking or
262  * special initialization of locks so that the validator gets the scope
263  * of dependencies wrong: they are either too broad (they need a class-split)
264  * or they are too narrow (they suffer from a false class-split):
265  */
266 #define lockdep_set_class(lock, key) \
267 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, 0)
268 #define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
269 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, name, key, 0)
270 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
271 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, sub)
272 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)	\
273 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #lock, \
274 				 (lock)->dep_map.key, sub)
275 
276 #define lockdep_set_novalidate_class(lock) \
277 	lockdep_set_class(lock, &__lockdep_no_validate__)
278 /*
279  * Compare locking classes
280  */
281 #define lockdep_match_class(lock, key) lockdep_match_key(&(lock)->dep_map, key)
282 
283 static inline int lockdep_match_key(struct lockdep_map *lock,
284 				    struct lock_class_key *key)
285 {
286 	return lock->key == key;
287 }
288 
289 /*
290  * Acquire a lock.
291  *
292  * Values for "read":
293  *
294  *   0: exclusive (write) acquire
295  *   1: read-acquire (no recursion allowed)
296  *   2: read-acquire with same-instance recursion allowed
297  *
298  * Values for check:
299  *
300  *   0: disabled
301  *   1: simple checks (freeing, held-at-exit-time, etc.)
302  *   2: full validation
303  */
304 extern void lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
305 			 int trylock, int read, int check,
306 			 struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip);
307 
308 extern void lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested,
309 			 unsigned long ip);
310 
311 #define lockdep_is_held(lock)	lock_is_held(&(lock)->dep_map)
312 
313 extern int lock_is_held(struct lockdep_map *lock);
314 
315 extern void lock_set_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
316 			   struct lock_class_key *key, unsigned int subclass,
317 			   unsigned long ip);
318 
319 static inline void lock_set_subclass(struct lockdep_map *lock,
320 		unsigned int subclass, unsigned long ip)
321 {
322 	lock_set_class(lock, lock->name, lock->key, subclass, ip);
323 }
324 
325 extern void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask);
326 extern void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void);
327 extern void lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t mask);
328 
329 # define INIT_LOCKDEP				.lockdep_recursion = 0, .lockdep_reclaim_gfp = 0,
330 
331 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(debug_locks ? (tsk)->lockdep_depth : 0)
332 
333 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)	WARN_ON(debug_locks && !lockdep_is_held(l))
334 
335 #else /* !LOCKDEP */
336 
337 static inline void lockdep_off(void)
338 {
339 }
340 
341 static inline void lockdep_on(void)
342 {
343 }
344 
345 # define lock_acquire(l, s, t, r, c, n, i)	do { } while (0)
346 # define lock_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
347 # define lock_set_class(l, n, k, s, i)		do { } while (0)
348 # define lock_set_subclass(l, s, i)		do { } while (0)
349 # define lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(g)	do { } while (0)
350 # define lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state()	do { } while (0)
351 # define lockdep_trace_alloc(g)			do { } while (0)
352 # define lockdep_init()				do { } while (0)
353 # define lockdep_info()				do { } while (0)
354 # define lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, sub) \
355 		do { (void)(name); (void)(key); } while (0)
356 # define lockdep_set_class(lock, key)		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
357 # define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
358 		do { (void)(key); (void)(name); } while (0)
359 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
360 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
361 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)		do { } while (0)
362 
363 #define lockdep_set_novalidate_class(lock) do { } while (0)
364 
365 /*
366  * We don't define lockdep_match_class() and lockdep_match_key() for !LOCKDEP
367  * case since the result is not well defined and the caller should rather
368  * #ifdef the call himself.
369  */
370 
371 # define INIT_LOCKDEP
372 # define lockdep_reset()		do { debug_locks = 1; } while (0)
373 # define lockdep_free_key_range(start, size)	do { } while (0)
374 # define lockdep_sys_exit() 			do { } while (0)
375 /*
376  * The class key takes no space if lockdep is disabled:
377  */
378 struct lock_class_key { };
379 
380 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(0)
381 
382 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)			do { } while (0)
383 
384 #endif /* !LOCKDEP */
385 
386 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
387 
388 extern void lock_contended(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
389 extern void lock_acquired(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
390 
391 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock)			\
392 do {								\
393 	if (!try(_lock)) {					\
394 		lock_contended(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);	\
395 		lock(_lock);					\
396 	}							\
397 	lock_acquired(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);			\
398 } while (0)
399 
400 #else /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
401 
402 #define lock_contended(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
403 #define lock_acquired(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
404 
405 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock) \
406 	lock(_lock)
407 
408 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
409 
410 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
411 
412 /*
413  * On lockdep we dont want the hand-coded irq-enable of
414  * _raw_*_lock_flags() code, because lockdep assumes
415  * that interrupts are not re-enabled during lock-acquire:
416  */
417 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
418 	LOCK_CONTENDED((_lock), (try), (lock))
419 
420 #else /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
421 
422 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
423 	lockfl((_lock), (flags))
424 
425 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
426 
427 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS
428 extern void early_init_irq_lock_class(void);
429 #else
430 static inline void early_init_irq_lock_class(void)
431 {
432 }
433 #endif
434 
435 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
436 extern void early_boot_irqs_off(void);
437 extern void early_boot_irqs_on(void);
438 extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr);
439 #else
440 static inline void early_boot_irqs_off(void)
441 {
442 }
443 static inline void early_boot_irqs_on(void)
444 {
445 }
446 static inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
447 {
448 }
449 #endif
450 
451 /*
452  * For trivial one-depth nesting of a lock-class, the following
453  * global define can be used. (Subsystems with multiple levels
454  * of nesting should define their own lock-nesting subclasses.)
455  */
456 #define SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING			1
457 
458 /*
459  * Map the dependency ops to NOP or to real lockdep ops, depending
460  * on the per lock-class debug mode:
461  */
462 
463 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
464 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
465 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
466 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, n, i)
467 # else
468 #  define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
469 #  define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
470 # endif
471 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
472 #else
473 # define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
474 # define spin_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
475 #endif
476 
477 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
478 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
479 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
480 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 2, NULL, i)
481 # else
482 #  define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
483 #  define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 1, NULL, i)
484 # endif
485 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		lock_release(l, n, i)
486 #else
487 # define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
488 # define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	do { } while (0)
489 # define rwlock_release(l, n, i)		do { } while (0)
490 #endif
491 
492 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
493 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
494 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
495 # else
496 #  define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
497 # endif
498 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
499 #else
500 # define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
501 # define mutex_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
502 #endif
503 
504 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
505 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
506 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 2, NULL, i)
507 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 2, NULL, i)
508 # else
509 #  define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, NULL, i)
510 #  define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 1, NULL, i)
511 # endif
512 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
513 #else
514 # define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
515 # define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		do { } while (0)
516 # define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
517 #endif
518 
519 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
520 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
521 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
522 # else
523 #  define lock_map_acquire(l)		lock_acquire(l, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
524 # endif
525 # define lock_map_release(l)			lock_release(l, 1, _THIS_IP_)
526 #else
527 # define lock_map_acquire(l)			do { } while (0)
528 # define lock_map_release(l)			do { } while (0)
529 #endif
530 
531 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
532 # define might_lock(lock) 						\
533 do {									\
534 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
535 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 0, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
536 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
537 } while (0)
538 # define might_lock_read(lock) 						\
539 do {									\
540 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
541 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 1, 2, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
542 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
543 } while (0)
544 #else
545 # define might_lock(lock) do { } while (0)
546 # define might_lock_read(lock) do { } while (0)
547 #endif
548 
549 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
550 extern void lockdep_rcu_dereference(const char *file, const int line);
551 #endif
552 
553 #endif /* __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H */
554