xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/key.h (revision f771fde8)
1 /* Authentication token and access key management
2  *
3  * Copyright (C) 2004, 2007 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4  * Written by David Howells ([email protected])
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
9  * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  *
12  * See Documentation/security/keys/core.rst for information on keys/keyrings.
13  */
14 
15 #ifndef _LINUX_KEY_H
16 #define _LINUX_KEY_H
17 
18 #include <linux/types.h>
19 #include <linux/list.h>
20 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
21 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
22 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
23 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
24 #include <linux/atomic.h>
25 #include <linux/assoc_array.h>
26 #include <linux/refcount.h>
27 #include <linux/time64.h>
28 
29 #ifdef __KERNEL__
30 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
31 
32 /* key handle serial number */
33 typedef int32_t key_serial_t;
34 
35 /* key handle permissions mask */
36 typedef uint32_t key_perm_t;
37 
38 struct key;
39 
40 #ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
41 
42 #undef KEY_DEBUGGING
43 
44 #define KEY_POS_VIEW	0x01000000	/* possessor can view a key's attributes */
45 #define KEY_POS_READ	0x02000000	/* possessor can read key payload / view keyring */
46 #define KEY_POS_WRITE	0x04000000	/* possessor can update key payload / add link to keyring */
47 #define KEY_POS_SEARCH	0x08000000	/* possessor can find a key in search / search a keyring */
48 #define KEY_POS_LINK	0x10000000	/* possessor can create a link to a key/keyring */
49 #define KEY_POS_SETATTR	0x20000000	/* possessor can set key attributes */
50 #define KEY_POS_ALL	0x3f000000
51 
52 #define KEY_USR_VIEW	0x00010000	/* user permissions... */
53 #define KEY_USR_READ	0x00020000
54 #define KEY_USR_WRITE	0x00040000
55 #define KEY_USR_SEARCH	0x00080000
56 #define KEY_USR_LINK	0x00100000
57 #define KEY_USR_SETATTR	0x00200000
58 #define KEY_USR_ALL	0x003f0000
59 
60 #define KEY_GRP_VIEW	0x00000100	/* group permissions... */
61 #define KEY_GRP_READ	0x00000200
62 #define KEY_GRP_WRITE	0x00000400
63 #define KEY_GRP_SEARCH	0x00000800
64 #define KEY_GRP_LINK	0x00001000
65 #define KEY_GRP_SETATTR	0x00002000
66 #define KEY_GRP_ALL	0x00003f00
67 
68 #define KEY_OTH_VIEW	0x00000001	/* third party permissions... */
69 #define KEY_OTH_READ	0x00000002
70 #define KEY_OTH_WRITE	0x00000004
71 #define KEY_OTH_SEARCH	0x00000008
72 #define KEY_OTH_LINK	0x00000010
73 #define KEY_OTH_SETATTR	0x00000020
74 #define KEY_OTH_ALL	0x0000003f
75 
76 #define KEY_PERM_UNDEF	0xffffffff
77 
78 struct seq_file;
79 struct user_struct;
80 struct signal_struct;
81 struct cred;
82 
83 struct key_type;
84 struct key_owner;
85 struct keyring_list;
86 struct keyring_name;
87 
88 struct keyring_index_key {
89 	union {
90 		struct {
91 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN /* Put desc_len at the LSB of x */
92 			u8	desc_len;
93 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
94 #else
95 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
96 			u8	desc_len;
97 #endif
98 		};
99 		unsigned long x;
100 	};
101 	struct key_type		*type;
102 	const char		*description;
103 };
104 
105 union key_payload {
106 	void __rcu		*rcu_data0;
107 	void			*data[4];
108 };
109 
110 /*****************************************************************************/
111 /*
112  * key reference with possession attribute handling
113  *
114  * NOTE! key_ref_t is a typedef'd pointer to a type that is not actually
115  * defined. This is because we abuse the bottom bit of the reference to carry a
116  * flag to indicate whether the calling process possesses that key in one of
117  * its keyrings.
118  *
119  * the key_ref_t has been made a separate type so that the compiler can reject
120  * attempts to dereference it without proper conversion.
121  *
122  * the three functions are used to assemble and disassemble references
123  */
124 typedef struct __key_reference_with_attributes *key_ref_t;
125 
126 static inline key_ref_t make_key_ref(const struct key *key,
127 				     bool possession)
128 {
129 	return (key_ref_t) ((unsigned long) key | possession);
130 }
131 
132 static inline struct key *key_ref_to_ptr(const key_ref_t key_ref)
133 {
134 	return (struct key *) ((unsigned long) key_ref & ~1UL);
135 }
136 
137 static inline bool is_key_possessed(const key_ref_t key_ref)
138 {
139 	return (unsigned long) key_ref & 1UL;
140 }
141 
142 typedef int (*key_restrict_link_func_t)(struct key *dest_keyring,
143 					const struct key_type *type,
144 					const union key_payload *payload,
145 					struct key *restriction_key);
146 
147 struct key_restriction {
148 	key_restrict_link_func_t check;
149 	struct key *key;
150 	struct key_type *keytype;
151 };
152 
153 enum key_state {
154 	KEY_IS_UNINSTANTIATED,
155 	KEY_IS_POSITIVE,		/* Positively instantiated */
156 };
157 
158 /*****************************************************************************/
159 /*
160  * authentication token / access credential / keyring
161  * - types of key include:
162  *   - keyrings
163  *   - disk encryption IDs
164  *   - Kerberos TGTs and tickets
165  */
166 struct key {
167 	refcount_t		usage;		/* number of references */
168 	key_serial_t		serial;		/* key serial number */
169 	union {
170 		struct list_head graveyard_link;
171 		struct rb_node	serial_node;
172 	};
173 	struct rw_semaphore	sem;		/* change vs change sem */
174 	struct key_user		*user;		/* owner of this key */
175 	void			*security;	/* security data for this key */
176 	union {
177 		time64_t	expiry;		/* time at which key expires (or 0) */
178 		time64_t	revoked_at;	/* time at which key was revoked */
179 	};
180 	time64_t		last_used_at;	/* last time used for LRU keyring discard */
181 	kuid_t			uid;
182 	kgid_t			gid;
183 	key_perm_t		perm;		/* access permissions */
184 	unsigned short		quotalen;	/* length added to quota */
185 	unsigned short		datalen;	/* payload data length
186 						 * - may not match RCU dereferenced payload
187 						 * - payload should contain own length
188 						 */
189 	short			state;		/* Key state (+) or rejection error (-) */
190 
191 #ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
192 	unsigned		magic;
193 #define KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC		0x18273645u
194 #endif
195 
196 	unsigned long		flags;		/* status flags (change with bitops) */
197 #define KEY_FLAG_DEAD		0	/* set if key type has been deleted */
198 #define KEY_FLAG_REVOKED	1	/* set if key had been revoked */
199 #define KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA	2	/* set if key consumes quota */
200 #define KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT	3	/* set if key is being constructed in userspace */
201 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_CLEAR	4	/* set if key can be cleared by root without permission */
202 #define KEY_FLAG_INVALIDATED	5	/* set if key has been invalidated */
203 #define KEY_FLAG_BUILTIN	6	/* set if key is built in to the kernel */
204 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_INVAL	7	/* set if key can be invalidated by root without permission */
205 #define KEY_FLAG_KEEP		8	/* set if key should not be removed */
206 #define KEY_FLAG_UID_KEYRING	9	/* set if key is a user or user session keyring */
207 
208 	/* the key type and key description string
209 	 * - the desc is used to match a key against search criteria
210 	 * - it should be a printable string
211 	 * - eg: for krb5 AFS, this might be "[email protected]"
212 	 */
213 	union {
214 		struct keyring_index_key index_key;
215 		struct {
216 			unsigned long	len_desc;
217 			struct key_type	*type;		/* type of key */
218 			char		*description;
219 		};
220 	};
221 
222 	/* key data
223 	 * - this is used to hold the data actually used in cryptography or
224 	 *   whatever
225 	 */
226 	union {
227 		union key_payload payload;
228 		struct {
229 			/* Keyring bits */
230 			struct list_head name_link;
231 			struct assoc_array keys;
232 		};
233 	};
234 
235 	/* This is set on a keyring to restrict the addition of a link to a key
236 	 * to it.  If this structure isn't provided then it is assumed that the
237 	 * keyring is open to any addition.  It is ignored for non-keyring
238 	 * keys. Only set this value using keyring_restrict(), keyring_alloc(),
239 	 * or key_alloc().
240 	 *
241 	 * This is intended for use with rings of trusted keys whereby addition
242 	 * to the keyring needs to be controlled.  KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION
243 	 * overrides this, allowing the kernel to add extra keys without
244 	 * restriction.
245 	 */
246 	struct key_restriction *restrict_link;
247 };
248 
249 extern struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type,
250 			     const char *desc,
251 			     kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
252 			     const struct cred *cred,
253 			     key_perm_t perm,
254 			     unsigned long flags,
255 			     struct key_restriction *restrict_link);
256 
257 
258 #define KEY_ALLOC_IN_QUOTA		0x0000	/* add to quota, reject if would overrun */
259 #define KEY_ALLOC_QUOTA_OVERRUN		0x0001	/* add to quota, permit even if overrun */
260 #define KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA		0x0002	/* not in quota */
261 #define KEY_ALLOC_BUILT_IN		0x0004	/* Key is built into kernel */
262 #define KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION	0x0008	/* Override the check on restricted keyrings */
263 #define KEY_ALLOC_UID_KEYRING		0x0010	/* allocating a user or user session keyring */
264 
265 extern void key_revoke(struct key *key);
266 extern void key_invalidate(struct key *key);
267 extern void key_put(struct key *key);
268 
269 static inline struct key *__key_get(struct key *key)
270 {
271 	refcount_inc(&key->usage);
272 	return key;
273 }
274 
275 static inline struct key *key_get(struct key *key)
276 {
277 	return key ? __key_get(key) : key;
278 }
279 
280 static inline void key_ref_put(key_ref_t key_ref)
281 {
282 	key_put(key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref));
283 }
284 
285 extern struct key *request_key(struct key_type *type,
286 			       const char *description,
287 			       const char *callout_info);
288 
289 extern struct key *request_key_rcu(struct key_type *type,
290 				   const char *description);
291 
292 extern struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(struct key_type *type,
293 					    const char *description,
294 					    const void *callout_info,
295 					    size_t callout_len,
296 					    void *aux);
297 
298 extern int wait_for_key_construction(struct key *key, bool intr);
299 
300 extern int key_validate(const struct key *key);
301 
302 extern key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring,
303 				      const char *type,
304 				      const char *description,
305 				      const void *payload,
306 				      size_t plen,
307 				      key_perm_t perm,
308 				      unsigned long flags);
309 
310 extern int key_update(key_ref_t key,
311 		      const void *payload,
312 		      size_t plen);
313 
314 extern int key_link(struct key *keyring,
315 		    struct key *key);
316 
317 extern int key_move(struct key *key,
318 		    struct key *from_keyring,
319 		    struct key *to_keyring,
320 		    unsigned int flags);
321 
322 extern int key_unlink(struct key *keyring,
323 		      struct key *key);
324 
325 extern struct key *keyring_alloc(const char *description, kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
326 				 const struct cred *cred,
327 				 key_perm_t perm,
328 				 unsigned long flags,
329 				 struct key_restriction *restrict_link,
330 				 struct key *dest);
331 
332 extern int restrict_link_reject(struct key *keyring,
333 				const struct key_type *type,
334 				const union key_payload *payload,
335 				struct key *restriction_key);
336 
337 extern int keyring_clear(struct key *keyring);
338 
339 extern key_ref_t keyring_search(key_ref_t keyring,
340 				struct key_type *type,
341 				const char *description);
342 
343 extern int keyring_add_key(struct key *keyring,
344 			   struct key *key);
345 
346 extern int keyring_restrict(key_ref_t keyring, const char *type,
347 			    const char *restriction);
348 
349 extern struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id);
350 
351 static inline key_serial_t key_serial(const struct key *key)
352 {
353 	return key ? key->serial : 0;
354 }
355 
356 extern void key_set_timeout(struct key *, unsigned);
357 
358 extern key_ref_t lookup_user_key(key_serial_t id, unsigned long flags,
359 				 key_perm_t perm);
360 
361 /*
362  * The permissions required on a key that we're looking up.
363  */
364 #define	KEY_NEED_VIEW	0x01	/* Require permission to view attributes */
365 #define	KEY_NEED_READ	0x02	/* Require permission to read content */
366 #define	KEY_NEED_WRITE	0x04	/* Require permission to update / modify */
367 #define	KEY_NEED_SEARCH	0x08	/* Require permission to search (keyring) or find (key) */
368 #define	KEY_NEED_LINK	0x10	/* Require permission to link */
369 #define	KEY_NEED_SETATTR 0x20	/* Require permission to change attributes */
370 #define	KEY_NEED_ALL	0x3f	/* All the above permissions */
371 
372 static inline short key_read_state(const struct key *key)
373 {
374 	/* Barrier versus mark_key_instantiated(). */
375 	return smp_load_acquire(&key->state);
376 }
377 
378 /**
379  * key_is_positive - Determine if a key has been positively instantiated
380  * @key: The key to check.
381  *
382  * Return true if the specified key has been positively instantiated, false
383  * otherwise.
384  */
385 static inline bool key_is_positive(const struct key *key)
386 {
387 	return key_read_state(key) == KEY_IS_POSITIVE;
388 }
389 
390 static inline bool key_is_negative(const struct key *key)
391 {
392 	return key_read_state(key) < 0;
393 }
394 
395 #define dereference_key_rcu(KEY)					\
396 	(rcu_dereference((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0))
397 
398 #define dereference_key_locked(KEY)					\
399 	(rcu_dereference_protected((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0,		\
400 				   rwsem_is_locked(&((struct key *)(KEY))->sem)))
401 
402 #define rcu_assign_keypointer(KEY, PAYLOAD)				\
403 do {									\
404 	rcu_assign_pointer((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0, (PAYLOAD));	\
405 } while (0)
406 
407 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
408 extern struct ctl_table key_sysctls[];
409 #endif
410 /*
411  * the userspace interface
412  */
413 extern int install_thread_keyring_to_cred(struct cred *cred);
414 extern void key_fsuid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
415 extern void key_fsgid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
416 extern void key_init(void);
417 
418 #else /* CONFIG_KEYS */
419 
420 #define key_validate(k)			0
421 #define key_serial(k)			0
422 #define key_get(k) 			({ NULL; })
423 #define key_revoke(k)			do { } while(0)
424 #define key_invalidate(k)		do { } while(0)
425 #define key_put(k)			do { } while(0)
426 #define key_ref_put(k)			do { } while(0)
427 #define make_key_ref(k, p)		NULL
428 #define key_ref_to_ptr(k)		NULL
429 #define is_key_possessed(k)		0
430 #define key_fsuid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
431 #define key_fsgid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
432 #define key_init()			do { } while(0)
433 
434 #endif /* CONFIG_KEYS */
435 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
436 #endif /* _LINUX_KEY_H */
437