xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/key.h (revision dcf49dbc)
1 /* Authentication token and access key management
2  *
3  * Copyright (C) 2004, 2007 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4  * Written by David Howells ([email protected])
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
9  * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  *
12  * See Documentation/security/keys/core.rst for information on keys/keyrings.
13  */
14 
15 #ifndef _LINUX_KEY_H
16 #define _LINUX_KEY_H
17 
18 #include <linux/types.h>
19 #include <linux/list.h>
20 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
21 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
22 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
23 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
24 #include <linux/atomic.h>
25 #include <linux/assoc_array.h>
26 #include <linux/refcount.h>
27 #include <linux/time64.h>
28 
29 #ifdef __KERNEL__
30 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
31 
32 /* key handle serial number */
33 typedef int32_t key_serial_t;
34 
35 /* key handle permissions mask */
36 typedef uint32_t key_perm_t;
37 
38 struct key;
39 
40 #ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
41 
42 #undef KEY_DEBUGGING
43 
44 #define KEY_POS_VIEW	0x01000000	/* possessor can view a key's attributes */
45 #define KEY_POS_READ	0x02000000	/* possessor can read key payload / view keyring */
46 #define KEY_POS_WRITE	0x04000000	/* possessor can update key payload / add link to keyring */
47 #define KEY_POS_SEARCH	0x08000000	/* possessor can find a key in search / search a keyring */
48 #define KEY_POS_LINK	0x10000000	/* possessor can create a link to a key/keyring */
49 #define KEY_POS_SETATTR	0x20000000	/* possessor can set key attributes */
50 #define KEY_POS_ALL	0x3f000000
51 
52 #define KEY_USR_VIEW	0x00010000	/* user permissions... */
53 #define KEY_USR_READ	0x00020000
54 #define KEY_USR_WRITE	0x00040000
55 #define KEY_USR_SEARCH	0x00080000
56 #define KEY_USR_LINK	0x00100000
57 #define KEY_USR_SETATTR	0x00200000
58 #define KEY_USR_ALL	0x003f0000
59 
60 #define KEY_GRP_VIEW	0x00000100	/* group permissions... */
61 #define KEY_GRP_READ	0x00000200
62 #define KEY_GRP_WRITE	0x00000400
63 #define KEY_GRP_SEARCH	0x00000800
64 #define KEY_GRP_LINK	0x00001000
65 #define KEY_GRP_SETATTR	0x00002000
66 #define KEY_GRP_ALL	0x00003f00
67 
68 #define KEY_OTH_VIEW	0x00000001	/* third party permissions... */
69 #define KEY_OTH_READ	0x00000002
70 #define KEY_OTH_WRITE	0x00000004
71 #define KEY_OTH_SEARCH	0x00000008
72 #define KEY_OTH_LINK	0x00000010
73 #define KEY_OTH_SETATTR	0x00000020
74 #define KEY_OTH_ALL	0x0000003f
75 
76 #define KEY_PERM_UNDEF	0xffffffff
77 
78 struct seq_file;
79 struct user_struct;
80 struct signal_struct;
81 struct cred;
82 
83 struct key_type;
84 struct key_owner;
85 struct keyring_list;
86 struct keyring_name;
87 
88 struct keyring_index_key {
89 	/* [!] If this structure is altered, the union in struct key must change too! */
90 	unsigned long		hash;			/* Hash value */
91 	union {
92 		struct {
93 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN /* Put desc_len at the LSB of x */
94 			u8	desc_len;
95 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
96 #else
97 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
98 			u8	desc_len;
99 #endif
100 		};
101 		unsigned long x;
102 	};
103 	struct key_type		*type;
104 	const char		*description;
105 };
106 
107 union key_payload {
108 	void __rcu		*rcu_data0;
109 	void			*data[4];
110 };
111 
112 /*****************************************************************************/
113 /*
114  * key reference with possession attribute handling
115  *
116  * NOTE! key_ref_t is a typedef'd pointer to a type that is not actually
117  * defined. This is because we abuse the bottom bit of the reference to carry a
118  * flag to indicate whether the calling process possesses that key in one of
119  * its keyrings.
120  *
121  * the key_ref_t has been made a separate type so that the compiler can reject
122  * attempts to dereference it without proper conversion.
123  *
124  * the three functions are used to assemble and disassemble references
125  */
126 typedef struct __key_reference_with_attributes *key_ref_t;
127 
128 static inline key_ref_t make_key_ref(const struct key *key,
129 				     bool possession)
130 {
131 	return (key_ref_t) ((unsigned long) key | possession);
132 }
133 
134 static inline struct key *key_ref_to_ptr(const key_ref_t key_ref)
135 {
136 	return (struct key *) ((unsigned long) key_ref & ~1UL);
137 }
138 
139 static inline bool is_key_possessed(const key_ref_t key_ref)
140 {
141 	return (unsigned long) key_ref & 1UL;
142 }
143 
144 typedef int (*key_restrict_link_func_t)(struct key *dest_keyring,
145 					const struct key_type *type,
146 					const union key_payload *payload,
147 					struct key *restriction_key);
148 
149 struct key_restriction {
150 	key_restrict_link_func_t check;
151 	struct key *key;
152 	struct key_type *keytype;
153 };
154 
155 enum key_state {
156 	KEY_IS_UNINSTANTIATED,
157 	KEY_IS_POSITIVE,		/* Positively instantiated */
158 };
159 
160 /*****************************************************************************/
161 /*
162  * authentication token / access credential / keyring
163  * - types of key include:
164  *   - keyrings
165  *   - disk encryption IDs
166  *   - Kerberos TGTs and tickets
167  */
168 struct key {
169 	refcount_t		usage;		/* number of references */
170 	key_serial_t		serial;		/* key serial number */
171 	union {
172 		struct list_head graveyard_link;
173 		struct rb_node	serial_node;
174 	};
175 	struct rw_semaphore	sem;		/* change vs change sem */
176 	struct key_user		*user;		/* owner of this key */
177 	void			*security;	/* security data for this key */
178 	union {
179 		time64_t	expiry;		/* time at which key expires (or 0) */
180 		time64_t	revoked_at;	/* time at which key was revoked */
181 	};
182 	time64_t		last_used_at;	/* last time used for LRU keyring discard */
183 	kuid_t			uid;
184 	kgid_t			gid;
185 	key_perm_t		perm;		/* access permissions */
186 	unsigned short		quotalen;	/* length added to quota */
187 	unsigned short		datalen;	/* payload data length
188 						 * - may not match RCU dereferenced payload
189 						 * - payload should contain own length
190 						 */
191 	short			state;		/* Key state (+) or rejection error (-) */
192 
193 #ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
194 	unsigned		magic;
195 #define KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC		0x18273645u
196 #endif
197 
198 	unsigned long		flags;		/* status flags (change with bitops) */
199 #define KEY_FLAG_DEAD		0	/* set if key type has been deleted */
200 #define KEY_FLAG_REVOKED	1	/* set if key had been revoked */
201 #define KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA	2	/* set if key consumes quota */
202 #define KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT	3	/* set if key is being constructed in userspace */
203 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_CLEAR	4	/* set if key can be cleared by root without permission */
204 #define KEY_FLAG_INVALIDATED	5	/* set if key has been invalidated */
205 #define KEY_FLAG_BUILTIN	6	/* set if key is built in to the kernel */
206 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_INVAL	7	/* set if key can be invalidated by root without permission */
207 #define KEY_FLAG_KEEP		8	/* set if key should not be removed */
208 #define KEY_FLAG_UID_KEYRING	9	/* set if key is a user or user session keyring */
209 
210 	/* the key type and key description string
211 	 * - the desc is used to match a key against search criteria
212 	 * - it should be a printable string
213 	 * - eg: for krb5 AFS, this might be "[email protected]"
214 	 */
215 	union {
216 		struct keyring_index_key index_key;
217 		struct {
218 			unsigned long	hash;
219 			unsigned long	len_desc;
220 			struct key_type	*type;		/* type of key */
221 			char		*description;
222 		};
223 	};
224 
225 	/* key data
226 	 * - this is used to hold the data actually used in cryptography or
227 	 *   whatever
228 	 */
229 	union {
230 		union key_payload payload;
231 		struct {
232 			/* Keyring bits */
233 			struct list_head name_link;
234 			struct assoc_array keys;
235 		};
236 	};
237 
238 	/* This is set on a keyring to restrict the addition of a link to a key
239 	 * to it.  If this structure isn't provided then it is assumed that the
240 	 * keyring is open to any addition.  It is ignored for non-keyring
241 	 * keys. Only set this value using keyring_restrict(), keyring_alloc(),
242 	 * or key_alloc().
243 	 *
244 	 * This is intended for use with rings of trusted keys whereby addition
245 	 * to the keyring needs to be controlled.  KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION
246 	 * overrides this, allowing the kernel to add extra keys without
247 	 * restriction.
248 	 */
249 	struct key_restriction *restrict_link;
250 };
251 
252 extern struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type,
253 			     const char *desc,
254 			     kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
255 			     const struct cred *cred,
256 			     key_perm_t perm,
257 			     unsigned long flags,
258 			     struct key_restriction *restrict_link);
259 
260 
261 #define KEY_ALLOC_IN_QUOTA		0x0000	/* add to quota, reject if would overrun */
262 #define KEY_ALLOC_QUOTA_OVERRUN		0x0001	/* add to quota, permit even if overrun */
263 #define KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA		0x0002	/* not in quota */
264 #define KEY_ALLOC_BUILT_IN		0x0004	/* Key is built into kernel */
265 #define KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION	0x0008	/* Override the check on restricted keyrings */
266 #define KEY_ALLOC_UID_KEYRING		0x0010	/* allocating a user or user session keyring */
267 
268 extern void key_revoke(struct key *key);
269 extern void key_invalidate(struct key *key);
270 extern void key_put(struct key *key);
271 
272 static inline struct key *__key_get(struct key *key)
273 {
274 	refcount_inc(&key->usage);
275 	return key;
276 }
277 
278 static inline struct key *key_get(struct key *key)
279 {
280 	return key ? __key_get(key) : key;
281 }
282 
283 static inline void key_ref_put(key_ref_t key_ref)
284 {
285 	key_put(key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref));
286 }
287 
288 extern struct key *request_key(struct key_type *type,
289 			       const char *description,
290 			       const char *callout_info);
291 
292 extern struct key *request_key_rcu(struct key_type *type,
293 				   const char *description);
294 
295 extern struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(struct key_type *type,
296 					    const char *description,
297 					    const void *callout_info,
298 					    size_t callout_len,
299 					    void *aux);
300 
301 extern int wait_for_key_construction(struct key *key, bool intr);
302 
303 extern int key_validate(const struct key *key);
304 
305 extern key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring,
306 				      const char *type,
307 				      const char *description,
308 				      const void *payload,
309 				      size_t plen,
310 				      key_perm_t perm,
311 				      unsigned long flags);
312 
313 extern int key_update(key_ref_t key,
314 		      const void *payload,
315 		      size_t plen);
316 
317 extern int key_link(struct key *keyring,
318 		    struct key *key);
319 
320 extern int key_move(struct key *key,
321 		    struct key *from_keyring,
322 		    struct key *to_keyring,
323 		    unsigned int flags);
324 
325 extern int key_unlink(struct key *keyring,
326 		      struct key *key);
327 
328 extern struct key *keyring_alloc(const char *description, kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
329 				 const struct cred *cred,
330 				 key_perm_t perm,
331 				 unsigned long flags,
332 				 struct key_restriction *restrict_link,
333 				 struct key *dest);
334 
335 extern int restrict_link_reject(struct key *keyring,
336 				const struct key_type *type,
337 				const union key_payload *payload,
338 				struct key *restriction_key);
339 
340 extern int keyring_clear(struct key *keyring);
341 
342 extern key_ref_t keyring_search(key_ref_t keyring,
343 				struct key_type *type,
344 				const char *description,
345 				bool recurse);
346 
347 extern int keyring_add_key(struct key *keyring,
348 			   struct key *key);
349 
350 extern int keyring_restrict(key_ref_t keyring, const char *type,
351 			    const char *restriction);
352 
353 extern struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id);
354 
355 static inline key_serial_t key_serial(const struct key *key)
356 {
357 	return key ? key->serial : 0;
358 }
359 
360 extern void key_set_timeout(struct key *, unsigned);
361 
362 extern key_ref_t lookup_user_key(key_serial_t id, unsigned long flags,
363 				 key_perm_t perm);
364 
365 /*
366  * The permissions required on a key that we're looking up.
367  */
368 #define	KEY_NEED_VIEW	0x01	/* Require permission to view attributes */
369 #define	KEY_NEED_READ	0x02	/* Require permission to read content */
370 #define	KEY_NEED_WRITE	0x04	/* Require permission to update / modify */
371 #define	KEY_NEED_SEARCH	0x08	/* Require permission to search (keyring) or find (key) */
372 #define	KEY_NEED_LINK	0x10	/* Require permission to link */
373 #define	KEY_NEED_SETATTR 0x20	/* Require permission to change attributes */
374 #define	KEY_NEED_ALL	0x3f	/* All the above permissions */
375 
376 static inline short key_read_state(const struct key *key)
377 {
378 	/* Barrier versus mark_key_instantiated(). */
379 	return smp_load_acquire(&key->state);
380 }
381 
382 /**
383  * key_is_positive - Determine if a key has been positively instantiated
384  * @key: The key to check.
385  *
386  * Return true if the specified key has been positively instantiated, false
387  * otherwise.
388  */
389 static inline bool key_is_positive(const struct key *key)
390 {
391 	return key_read_state(key) == KEY_IS_POSITIVE;
392 }
393 
394 static inline bool key_is_negative(const struct key *key)
395 {
396 	return key_read_state(key) < 0;
397 }
398 
399 #define dereference_key_rcu(KEY)					\
400 	(rcu_dereference((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0))
401 
402 #define dereference_key_locked(KEY)					\
403 	(rcu_dereference_protected((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0,		\
404 				   rwsem_is_locked(&((struct key *)(KEY))->sem)))
405 
406 #define rcu_assign_keypointer(KEY, PAYLOAD)				\
407 do {									\
408 	rcu_assign_pointer((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0, (PAYLOAD));	\
409 } while (0)
410 
411 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
412 extern struct ctl_table key_sysctls[];
413 #endif
414 /*
415  * the userspace interface
416  */
417 extern int install_thread_keyring_to_cred(struct cred *cred);
418 extern void key_fsuid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
419 extern void key_fsgid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
420 extern void key_init(void);
421 
422 #else /* CONFIG_KEYS */
423 
424 #define key_validate(k)			0
425 #define key_serial(k)			0
426 #define key_get(k) 			({ NULL; })
427 #define key_revoke(k)			do { } while(0)
428 #define key_invalidate(k)		do { } while(0)
429 #define key_put(k)			do { } while(0)
430 #define key_ref_put(k)			do { } while(0)
431 #define make_key_ref(k, p)		NULL
432 #define key_ref_to_ptr(k)		NULL
433 #define is_key_possessed(k)		0
434 #define key_fsuid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
435 #define key_fsgid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
436 #define key_init()			do { } while(0)
437 
438 #endif /* CONFIG_KEYS */
439 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
440 #endif /* _LINUX_KEY_H */
441