xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/key.h (revision 218e6424)
1 /* Authentication token and access key management
2  *
3  * Copyright (C) 2004, 2007 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4  * Written by David Howells ([email protected])
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
9  * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  *
12  * See Documentation/security/keys/core.rst for information on keys/keyrings.
13  */
14 
15 #ifndef _LINUX_KEY_H
16 #define _LINUX_KEY_H
17 
18 #include <linux/types.h>
19 #include <linux/list.h>
20 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
21 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
22 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
23 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
24 #include <linux/atomic.h>
25 #include <linux/assoc_array.h>
26 #include <linux/refcount.h>
27 #include <linux/time64.h>
28 
29 #ifdef __KERNEL__
30 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
31 
32 /* key handle serial number */
33 typedef int32_t key_serial_t;
34 
35 /* key handle permissions mask */
36 typedef uint32_t key_perm_t;
37 
38 struct key;
39 
40 #ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
41 
42 #undef KEY_DEBUGGING
43 
44 #define KEY_POS_VIEW	0x01000000	/* possessor can view a key's attributes */
45 #define KEY_POS_READ	0x02000000	/* possessor can read key payload / view keyring */
46 #define KEY_POS_WRITE	0x04000000	/* possessor can update key payload / add link to keyring */
47 #define KEY_POS_SEARCH	0x08000000	/* possessor can find a key in search / search a keyring */
48 #define KEY_POS_LINK	0x10000000	/* possessor can create a link to a key/keyring */
49 #define KEY_POS_SETATTR	0x20000000	/* possessor can set key attributes */
50 #define KEY_POS_ALL	0x3f000000
51 
52 #define KEY_USR_VIEW	0x00010000	/* user permissions... */
53 #define KEY_USR_READ	0x00020000
54 #define KEY_USR_WRITE	0x00040000
55 #define KEY_USR_SEARCH	0x00080000
56 #define KEY_USR_LINK	0x00100000
57 #define KEY_USR_SETATTR	0x00200000
58 #define KEY_USR_ALL	0x003f0000
59 
60 #define KEY_GRP_VIEW	0x00000100	/* group permissions... */
61 #define KEY_GRP_READ	0x00000200
62 #define KEY_GRP_WRITE	0x00000400
63 #define KEY_GRP_SEARCH	0x00000800
64 #define KEY_GRP_LINK	0x00001000
65 #define KEY_GRP_SETATTR	0x00002000
66 #define KEY_GRP_ALL	0x00003f00
67 
68 #define KEY_OTH_VIEW	0x00000001	/* third party permissions... */
69 #define KEY_OTH_READ	0x00000002
70 #define KEY_OTH_WRITE	0x00000004
71 #define KEY_OTH_SEARCH	0x00000008
72 #define KEY_OTH_LINK	0x00000010
73 #define KEY_OTH_SETATTR	0x00000020
74 #define KEY_OTH_ALL	0x0000003f
75 
76 #define KEY_PERM_UNDEF	0xffffffff
77 
78 struct seq_file;
79 struct user_struct;
80 struct signal_struct;
81 struct cred;
82 
83 struct key_type;
84 struct key_owner;
85 struct key_tag;
86 struct keyring_list;
87 struct keyring_name;
88 
89 struct key_tag {
90 	struct rcu_head		rcu;
91 	refcount_t		usage;
92 	bool			removed;	/* T when subject removed */
93 };
94 
95 struct keyring_index_key {
96 	/* [!] If this structure is altered, the union in struct key must change too! */
97 	unsigned long		hash;			/* Hash value */
98 	union {
99 		struct {
100 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN /* Put desc_len at the LSB of x */
101 			u8	desc_len;
102 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
103 #else
104 			char	desc[sizeof(long) - 1];	/* First few chars of description */
105 			u8	desc_len;
106 #endif
107 		};
108 		unsigned long x;
109 	};
110 	struct key_type		*type;
111 	struct key_tag		*domain_tag;	/* Domain of operation */
112 	const char		*description;
113 };
114 
115 union key_payload {
116 	void __rcu		*rcu_data0;
117 	void			*data[4];
118 };
119 
120 /*****************************************************************************/
121 /*
122  * key reference with possession attribute handling
123  *
124  * NOTE! key_ref_t is a typedef'd pointer to a type that is not actually
125  * defined. This is because we abuse the bottom bit of the reference to carry a
126  * flag to indicate whether the calling process possesses that key in one of
127  * its keyrings.
128  *
129  * the key_ref_t has been made a separate type so that the compiler can reject
130  * attempts to dereference it without proper conversion.
131  *
132  * the three functions are used to assemble and disassemble references
133  */
134 typedef struct __key_reference_with_attributes *key_ref_t;
135 
136 static inline key_ref_t make_key_ref(const struct key *key,
137 				     bool possession)
138 {
139 	return (key_ref_t) ((unsigned long) key | possession);
140 }
141 
142 static inline struct key *key_ref_to_ptr(const key_ref_t key_ref)
143 {
144 	return (struct key *) ((unsigned long) key_ref & ~1UL);
145 }
146 
147 static inline bool is_key_possessed(const key_ref_t key_ref)
148 {
149 	return (unsigned long) key_ref & 1UL;
150 }
151 
152 typedef int (*key_restrict_link_func_t)(struct key *dest_keyring,
153 					const struct key_type *type,
154 					const union key_payload *payload,
155 					struct key *restriction_key);
156 
157 struct key_restriction {
158 	key_restrict_link_func_t check;
159 	struct key *key;
160 	struct key_type *keytype;
161 };
162 
163 enum key_state {
164 	KEY_IS_UNINSTANTIATED,
165 	KEY_IS_POSITIVE,		/* Positively instantiated */
166 };
167 
168 /*****************************************************************************/
169 /*
170  * authentication token / access credential / keyring
171  * - types of key include:
172  *   - keyrings
173  *   - disk encryption IDs
174  *   - Kerberos TGTs and tickets
175  */
176 struct key {
177 	refcount_t		usage;		/* number of references */
178 	key_serial_t		serial;		/* key serial number */
179 	union {
180 		struct list_head graveyard_link;
181 		struct rb_node	serial_node;
182 	};
183 	struct rw_semaphore	sem;		/* change vs change sem */
184 	struct key_user		*user;		/* owner of this key */
185 	void			*security;	/* security data for this key */
186 	union {
187 		time64_t	expiry;		/* time at which key expires (or 0) */
188 		time64_t	revoked_at;	/* time at which key was revoked */
189 	};
190 	time64_t		last_used_at;	/* last time used for LRU keyring discard */
191 	kuid_t			uid;
192 	kgid_t			gid;
193 	key_perm_t		perm;		/* access permissions */
194 	unsigned short		quotalen;	/* length added to quota */
195 	unsigned short		datalen;	/* payload data length
196 						 * - may not match RCU dereferenced payload
197 						 * - payload should contain own length
198 						 */
199 	short			state;		/* Key state (+) or rejection error (-) */
200 
201 #ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
202 	unsigned		magic;
203 #define KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC		0x18273645u
204 #endif
205 
206 	unsigned long		flags;		/* status flags (change with bitops) */
207 #define KEY_FLAG_DEAD		0	/* set if key type has been deleted */
208 #define KEY_FLAG_REVOKED	1	/* set if key had been revoked */
209 #define KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA	2	/* set if key consumes quota */
210 #define KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT	3	/* set if key is being constructed in userspace */
211 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_CLEAR	4	/* set if key can be cleared by root without permission */
212 #define KEY_FLAG_INVALIDATED	5	/* set if key has been invalidated */
213 #define KEY_FLAG_BUILTIN	6	/* set if key is built in to the kernel */
214 #define KEY_FLAG_ROOT_CAN_INVAL	7	/* set if key can be invalidated by root without permission */
215 #define KEY_FLAG_KEEP		8	/* set if key should not be removed */
216 #define KEY_FLAG_UID_KEYRING	9	/* set if key is a user or user session keyring */
217 
218 	/* the key type and key description string
219 	 * - the desc is used to match a key against search criteria
220 	 * - it should be a printable string
221 	 * - eg: for krb5 AFS, this might be "[email protected]"
222 	 */
223 	union {
224 		struct keyring_index_key index_key;
225 		struct {
226 			unsigned long	hash;
227 			unsigned long	len_desc;
228 			struct key_type	*type;		/* type of key */
229 			struct key_tag	*domain_tag;	/* Domain of operation */
230 			char		*description;
231 		};
232 	};
233 
234 	/* key data
235 	 * - this is used to hold the data actually used in cryptography or
236 	 *   whatever
237 	 */
238 	union {
239 		union key_payload payload;
240 		struct {
241 			/* Keyring bits */
242 			struct list_head name_link;
243 			struct assoc_array keys;
244 		};
245 	};
246 
247 	/* This is set on a keyring to restrict the addition of a link to a key
248 	 * to it.  If this structure isn't provided then it is assumed that the
249 	 * keyring is open to any addition.  It is ignored for non-keyring
250 	 * keys. Only set this value using keyring_restrict(), keyring_alloc(),
251 	 * or key_alloc().
252 	 *
253 	 * This is intended for use with rings of trusted keys whereby addition
254 	 * to the keyring needs to be controlled.  KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION
255 	 * overrides this, allowing the kernel to add extra keys without
256 	 * restriction.
257 	 */
258 	struct key_restriction *restrict_link;
259 };
260 
261 extern struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type,
262 			     const char *desc,
263 			     kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
264 			     const struct cred *cred,
265 			     key_perm_t perm,
266 			     unsigned long flags,
267 			     struct key_restriction *restrict_link);
268 
269 
270 #define KEY_ALLOC_IN_QUOTA		0x0000	/* add to quota, reject if would overrun */
271 #define KEY_ALLOC_QUOTA_OVERRUN		0x0001	/* add to quota, permit even if overrun */
272 #define KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA		0x0002	/* not in quota */
273 #define KEY_ALLOC_BUILT_IN		0x0004	/* Key is built into kernel */
274 #define KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION	0x0008	/* Override the check on restricted keyrings */
275 #define KEY_ALLOC_UID_KEYRING		0x0010	/* allocating a user or user session keyring */
276 
277 extern void key_revoke(struct key *key);
278 extern void key_invalidate(struct key *key);
279 extern void key_put(struct key *key);
280 extern bool key_put_tag(struct key_tag *tag);
281 extern void key_remove_domain(struct key_tag *domain_tag);
282 
283 static inline struct key *__key_get(struct key *key)
284 {
285 	refcount_inc(&key->usage);
286 	return key;
287 }
288 
289 static inline struct key *key_get(struct key *key)
290 {
291 	return key ? __key_get(key) : key;
292 }
293 
294 static inline void key_ref_put(key_ref_t key_ref)
295 {
296 	key_put(key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref));
297 }
298 
299 extern struct key *request_key(struct key_type *type,
300 			       const char *description,
301 			       const char *callout_info);
302 
303 extern struct key *request_key_rcu(struct key_type *type,
304 				   const char *description);
305 
306 extern struct key *request_key_with_auxdata(struct key_type *type,
307 					    const char *description,
308 					    const void *callout_info,
309 					    size_t callout_len,
310 					    void *aux);
311 
312 extern int wait_for_key_construction(struct key *key, bool intr);
313 
314 extern int key_validate(const struct key *key);
315 
316 extern key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring,
317 				      const char *type,
318 				      const char *description,
319 				      const void *payload,
320 				      size_t plen,
321 				      key_perm_t perm,
322 				      unsigned long flags);
323 
324 extern int key_update(key_ref_t key,
325 		      const void *payload,
326 		      size_t plen);
327 
328 extern int key_link(struct key *keyring,
329 		    struct key *key);
330 
331 extern int key_move(struct key *key,
332 		    struct key *from_keyring,
333 		    struct key *to_keyring,
334 		    unsigned int flags);
335 
336 extern int key_unlink(struct key *keyring,
337 		      struct key *key);
338 
339 extern struct key *keyring_alloc(const char *description, kuid_t uid, kgid_t gid,
340 				 const struct cred *cred,
341 				 key_perm_t perm,
342 				 unsigned long flags,
343 				 struct key_restriction *restrict_link,
344 				 struct key *dest);
345 
346 extern int restrict_link_reject(struct key *keyring,
347 				const struct key_type *type,
348 				const union key_payload *payload,
349 				struct key *restriction_key);
350 
351 extern int keyring_clear(struct key *keyring);
352 
353 extern key_ref_t keyring_search(key_ref_t keyring,
354 				struct key_type *type,
355 				const char *description,
356 				bool recurse);
357 
358 extern int keyring_add_key(struct key *keyring,
359 			   struct key *key);
360 
361 extern int keyring_restrict(key_ref_t keyring, const char *type,
362 			    const char *restriction);
363 
364 extern struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id);
365 
366 static inline key_serial_t key_serial(const struct key *key)
367 {
368 	return key ? key->serial : 0;
369 }
370 
371 extern void key_set_timeout(struct key *, unsigned);
372 
373 extern key_ref_t lookup_user_key(key_serial_t id, unsigned long flags,
374 				 key_perm_t perm);
375 extern void key_free_user_ns(struct user_namespace *);
376 
377 /*
378  * The permissions required on a key that we're looking up.
379  */
380 #define	KEY_NEED_VIEW	0x01	/* Require permission to view attributes */
381 #define	KEY_NEED_READ	0x02	/* Require permission to read content */
382 #define	KEY_NEED_WRITE	0x04	/* Require permission to update / modify */
383 #define	KEY_NEED_SEARCH	0x08	/* Require permission to search (keyring) or find (key) */
384 #define	KEY_NEED_LINK	0x10	/* Require permission to link */
385 #define	KEY_NEED_SETATTR 0x20	/* Require permission to change attributes */
386 #define	KEY_NEED_ALL	0x3f	/* All the above permissions */
387 
388 static inline short key_read_state(const struct key *key)
389 {
390 	/* Barrier versus mark_key_instantiated(). */
391 	return smp_load_acquire(&key->state);
392 }
393 
394 /**
395  * key_is_positive - Determine if a key has been positively instantiated
396  * @key: The key to check.
397  *
398  * Return true if the specified key has been positively instantiated, false
399  * otherwise.
400  */
401 static inline bool key_is_positive(const struct key *key)
402 {
403 	return key_read_state(key) == KEY_IS_POSITIVE;
404 }
405 
406 static inline bool key_is_negative(const struct key *key)
407 {
408 	return key_read_state(key) < 0;
409 }
410 
411 #define dereference_key_rcu(KEY)					\
412 	(rcu_dereference((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0))
413 
414 #define dereference_key_locked(KEY)					\
415 	(rcu_dereference_protected((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0,		\
416 				   rwsem_is_locked(&((struct key *)(KEY))->sem)))
417 
418 #define rcu_assign_keypointer(KEY, PAYLOAD)				\
419 do {									\
420 	rcu_assign_pointer((KEY)->payload.rcu_data0, (PAYLOAD));	\
421 } while (0)
422 
423 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
424 extern struct ctl_table key_sysctls[];
425 #endif
426 /*
427  * the userspace interface
428  */
429 extern int install_thread_keyring_to_cred(struct cred *cred);
430 extern void key_fsuid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
431 extern void key_fsgid_changed(struct cred *new_cred);
432 extern void key_init(void);
433 
434 #else /* CONFIG_KEYS */
435 
436 #define key_validate(k)			0
437 #define key_serial(k)			0
438 #define key_get(k) 			({ NULL; })
439 #define key_revoke(k)			do { } while(0)
440 #define key_invalidate(k)		do { } while(0)
441 #define key_put(k)			do { } while(0)
442 #define key_ref_put(k)			do { } while(0)
443 #define make_key_ref(k, p)		NULL
444 #define key_ref_to_ptr(k)		NULL
445 #define is_key_possessed(k)		0
446 #define key_fsuid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
447 #define key_fsgid_changed(c)		do { } while(0)
448 #define key_init()			do { } while(0)
449 #define key_free_user_ns(ns)		do { } while(0)
450 #define key_remove_domain(d)		do { } while(0)
451 
452 #endif /* CONFIG_KEYS */
453 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
454 #endif /* _LINUX_KEY_H */
455