xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/kernel.h (revision b4fd096c)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_H
3 #define _LINUX_KERNEL_H
4 
5 #include <stdarg.h>
6 #include <linux/align.h>
7 #include <linux/limits.h>
8 #include <linux/linkage.h>
9 #include <linux/stddef.h>
10 #include <linux/types.h>
11 #include <linux/compiler.h>
12 #include <linux/bitops.h>
13 #include <linux/log2.h>
14 #include <linux/math.h>
15 #include <linux/minmax.h>
16 #include <linux/typecheck.h>
17 #include <linux/printk.h>
18 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
19 #include <linux/static_call_types.h>
20 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
21 
22 #include <uapi/linux/kernel.h>
23 
24 #define STACK_MAGIC	0xdeadbeef
25 
26 /**
27  * REPEAT_BYTE - repeat the value @x multiple times as an unsigned long value
28  * @x: value to repeat
29  *
30  * NOTE: @x is not checked for > 0xff; larger values produce odd results.
31  */
32 #define REPEAT_BYTE(x)	((~0ul / 0xff) * (x))
33 
34 /* generic data direction definitions */
35 #define READ			0
36 #define WRITE			1
37 
38 /**
39  * ARRAY_SIZE - get the number of elements in array @arr
40  * @arr: array to be sized
41  */
42 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]) + __must_be_array(arr))
43 
44 #define PTR_IF(cond, ptr)	((cond) ? (ptr) : NULL)
45 
46 #define u64_to_user_ptr(x) (		\
47 {					\
48 	typecheck(u64, (x));		\
49 	(void __user *)(uintptr_t)(x);	\
50 }					\
51 )
52 
53 #define typeof_member(T, m)	typeof(((T*)0)->m)
54 
55 #define _RET_IP_		(unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0)
56 #define _THIS_IP_  ({ __label__ __here; __here: (unsigned long)&&__here; })
57 
58 /**
59  * upper_32_bits - return bits 32-63 of a number
60  * @n: the number we're accessing
61  *
62  * A basic shift-right of a 64- or 32-bit quantity.  Use this to suppress
63  * the "right shift count >= width of type" warning when that quantity is
64  * 32-bits.
65  */
66 #define upper_32_bits(n) ((u32)(((n) >> 16) >> 16))
67 
68 /**
69  * lower_32_bits - return bits 0-31 of a number
70  * @n: the number we're accessing
71  */
72 #define lower_32_bits(n) ((u32)((n) & 0xffffffff))
73 
74 /**
75  * upper_16_bits - return bits 16-31 of a number
76  * @n: the number we're accessing
77  */
78 #define upper_16_bits(n) ((u16)((n) >> 16))
79 
80 /**
81  * lower_16_bits - return bits 0-15 of a number
82  * @n: the number we're accessing
83  */
84 #define lower_16_bits(n) ((u16)((n) & 0xffff))
85 
86 struct completion;
87 struct pt_regs;
88 struct user;
89 
90 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY
91 
92 extern int __cond_resched(void);
93 # define might_resched() __cond_resched()
94 
95 #elif defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC)
96 
97 extern int __cond_resched(void);
98 
99 DECLARE_STATIC_CALL(might_resched, __cond_resched);
100 
101 static __always_inline void might_resched(void)
102 {
103 	static_call_mod(might_resched)();
104 }
105 
106 #else
107 
108 # define might_resched() do { } while (0)
109 
110 #endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_* */
111 
112 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP
113 extern void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
114 extern void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
115 extern void __cant_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
116 extern void __cant_migrate(const char *file, int line);
117 
118 /**
119  * might_sleep - annotation for functions that can sleep
120  *
121  * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed in an atomic
122  * context (spinlock, irq-handler, ...). Additional sections where blocking is
123  * not allowed can be annotated with non_block_start() and non_block_end()
124  * pairs.
125  *
126  * This is a useful debugging help to be able to catch problems early and not
127  * be bitten later when the calling function happens to sleep when it is not
128  * supposed to.
129  */
130 # define might_sleep() \
131 	do { __might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); might_resched(); } while (0)
132 /**
133  * cant_sleep - annotation for functions that cannot sleep
134  *
135  * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed with preemption enabled
136  */
137 # define cant_sleep() \
138 	do { __cant_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); } while (0)
139 # define sched_annotate_sleep()	(current->task_state_change = 0)
140 
141 /**
142  * cant_migrate - annotation for functions that cannot migrate
143  *
144  * Will print a stack trace if executed in code which is migratable
145  */
146 # define cant_migrate()							\
147 	do {								\
148 		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP))				\
149 			__cant_migrate(__FILE__, __LINE__);		\
150 	} while (0)
151 
152 /**
153  * non_block_start - annotate the start of section where sleeping is prohibited
154  *
155  * This is on behalf of the oom reaper, specifically when it is calling the mmu
156  * notifiers. The problem is that if the notifier were to block on, for example,
157  * mutex_lock() and if the process which holds that mutex were to perform a
158  * sleeping memory allocation, the oom reaper is now blocked on completion of
159  * that memory allocation. Other blocking calls like wait_event() pose similar
160  * issues.
161  */
162 # define non_block_start() (current->non_block_count++)
163 /**
164  * non_block_end - annotate the end of section where sleeping is prohibited
165  *
166  * Closes a section opened by non_block_start().
167  */
168 # define non_block_end() WARN_ON(current->non_block_count-- == 0)
169 #else
170   static inline void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
171 				   int preempt_offset) { }
172   static inline void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
173 				   int preempt_offset) { }
174 # define might_sleep() do { might_resched(); } while (0)
175 # define cant_sleep() do { } while (0)
176 # define cant_migrate()		do { } while (0)
177 # define sched_annotate_sleep() do { } while (0)
178 # define non_block_start() do { } while (0)
179 # define non_block_end() do { } while (0)
180 #endif
181 
182 #define might_sleep_if(cond) do { if (cond) might_sleep(); } while (0)
183 
184 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && \
185 	(defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP))
186 #define might_fault() __might_fault(__FILE__, __LINE__)
187 void __might_fault(const char *file, int line);
188 #else
189 static inline void might_fault(void) { }
190 #endif
191 
192 extern struct atomic_notifier_head panic_notifier_list;
193 extern long (*panic_blink)(int state);
194 __printf(1, 2)
195 void panic(const char *fmt, ...) __noreturn __cold;
196 void nmi_panic(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg);
197 extern void oops_enter(void);
198 extern void oops_exit(void);
199 extern bool oops_may_print(void);
200 void do_exit(long error_code) __noreturn;
201 void complete_and_exit(struct completion *, long) __noreturn;
202 
203 /* Internal, do not use. */
204 int __must_check _kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
205 int __must_check _kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res);
206 
207 int __must_check kstrtoull(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
208 int __must_check kstrtoll(const char *s, unsigned int base, long long *res);
209 
210 /**
211  * kstrtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
212  * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
213  *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
214  *  may also be a plus sign, but not a minus sign.
215  * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
216  *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
217  *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
218  *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
219  *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
220  * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
221  *
222  * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
223  * Preferred over simple_strtoul(). Return code must be checked.
224 */
225 static inline int __must_check kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res)
226 {
227 	/*
228 	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
229 	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(unsigned long, unsigned long long) = 0.
230 	 */
231 	if (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long) &&
232 	    __alignof__(unsigned long) == __alignof__(unsigned long long))
233 		return kstrtoull(s, base, (unsigned long long *)res);
234 	else
235 		return _kstrtoul(s, base, res);
236 }
237 
238 /**
239  * kstrtol - convert a string to a long
240  * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
241  *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
242  *  may also be a plus sign or a minus sign.
243  * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
244  *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
245  *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
246  *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
247  *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
248  * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
249  *
250  * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
251  * Preferred over simple_strtol(). Return code must be checked.
252  */
253 static inline int __must_check kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res)
254 {
255 	/*
256 	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
257 	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(long, long long) = 0.
258 	 */
259 	if (sizeof(long) == sizeof(long long) &&
260 	    __alignof__(long) == __alignof__(long long))
261 		return kstrtoll(s, base, (long long *)res);
262 	else
263 		return _kstrtol(s, base, res);
264 }
265 
266 int __must_check kstrtouint(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
267 int __must_check kstrtoint(const char *s, unsigned int base, int *res);
268 
269 static inline int __must_check kstrtou64(const char *s, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
270 {
271 	return kstrtoull(s, base, res);
272 }
273 
274 static inline int __must_check kstrtos64(const char *s, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
275 {
276 	return kstrtoll(s, base, res);
277 }
278 
279 static inline int __must_check kstrtou32(const char *s, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
280 {
281 	return kstrtouint(s, base, res);
282 }
283 
284 static inline int __must_check kstrtos32(const char *s, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
285 {
286 	return kstrtoint(s, base, res);
287 }
288 
289 int __must_check kstrtou16(const char *s, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
290 int __must_check kstrtos16(const char *s, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
291 int __must_check kstrtou8(const char *s, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
292 int __must_check kstrtos8(const char *s, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
293 int __must_check kstrtobool(const char *s, bool *res);
294 
295 int __must_check kstrtoull_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
296 int __must_check kstrtoll_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long long *res);
297 int __must_check kstrtoul_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
298 int __must_check kstrtol_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long *res);
299 int __must_check kstrtouint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
300 int __must_check kstrtoint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, int *res);
301 int __must_check kstrtou16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
302 int __must_check kstrtos16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
303 int __must_check kstrtou8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
304 int __must_check kstrtos8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
305 int __must_check kstrtobool_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, bool *res);
306 
307 static inline int __must_check kstrtou64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
308 {
309 	return kstrtoull_from_user(s, count, base, res);
310 }
311 
312 static inline int __must_check kstrtos64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
313 {
314 	return kstrtoll_from_user(s, count, base, res);
315 }
316 
317 static inline int __must_check kstrtou32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
318 {
319 	return kstrtouint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
320 }
321 
322 static inline int __must_check kstrtos32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
323 {
324 	return kstrtoint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
325 }
326 
327 /*
328  * Use kstrto<foo> instead.
329  *
330  * NOTE: simple_strto<foo> does not check for the range overflow and,
331  *	 depending on the input, may give interesting results.
332  *
333  * Use these functions if and only if you cannot use kstrto<foo>, because
334  * the conversion ends on the first non-digit character, which may be far
335  * beyond the supported range. It might be useful to parse the strings like
336  * 10x50 or 12:21 without altering original string or temporary buffer in use.
337  * Keep in mind above caveat.
338  */
339 
340 extern unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
341 extern long simple_strtol(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
342 extern unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
343 extern long long simple_strtoll(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
344 
345 extern int num_to_str(char *buf, int size,
346 		      unsigned long long num, unsigned int width);
347 
348 /* lib/printf utilities */
349 
350 extern __printf(2, 3) int sprintf(char *buf, const char * fmt, ...);
351 extern __printf(2, 0) int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *, va_list);
352 extern __printf(3, 4)
353 int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
354 extern __printf(3, 0)
355 int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
356 extern __printf(3, 4)
357 int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
358 extern __printf(3, 0)
359 int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
360 extern __printf(2, 3) __malloc
361 char *kasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, ...);
362 extern __printf(2, 0) __malloc
363 char *kvasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
364 extern __printf(2, 0)
365 const char *kvasprintf_const(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
366 
367 extern __scanf(2, 3)
368 int sscanf(const char *, const char *, ...);
369 extern __scanf(2, 0)
370 int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, va_list);
371 
372 extern int get_option(char **str, int *pint);
373 extern char *get_options(const char *str, int nints, int *ints);
374 extern unsigned long long memparse(const char *ptr, char **retptr);
375 extern bool parse_option_str(const char *str, const char *option);
376 extern char *next_arg(char *args, char **param, char **val);
377 
378 extern int core_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
379 extern int init_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
380 extern int core_kernel_data(unsigned long addr);
381 extern int __kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
382 extern int kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
383 extern int func_ptr_is_kernel_text(void *ptr);
384 
385 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
386 extern unsigned int sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace;
387 #else
388 #define sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace 0
389 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
390 
391 extern void bust_spinlocks(int yes);
392 extern int panic_timeout;
393 extern unsigned long panic_print;
394 extern int panic_on_oops;
395 extern int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
396 extern int panic_on_io_nmi;
397 extern int panic_on_warn;
398 extern unsigned long panic_on_taint;
399 extern bool panic_on_taint_nousertaint;
400 extern int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall;
401 extern int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic;
402 extern int sysctl_panic_on_stackoverflow;
403 
404 extern bool crash_kexec_post_notifiers;
405 
406 /*
407  * panic_cpu is used for synchronizing panic() and crash_kexec() execution. It
408  * holds a CPU number which is executing panic() currently. A value of
409  * PANIC_CPU_INVALID means no CPU has entered panic() or crash_kexec().
410  */
411 extern atomic_t panic_cpu;
412 #define PANIC_CPU_INVALID	-1
413 
414 /*
415  * Only to be used by arch init code. If the user over-wrote the default
416  * CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT, honor it.
417  */
418 static inline void set_arch_panic_timeout(int timeout, int arch_default_timeout)
419 {
420 	if (panic_timeout == arch_default_timeout)
421 		panic_timeout = timeout;
422 }
423 extern const char *print_tainted(void);
424 enum lockdep_ok {
425 	LOCKDEP_STILL_OK,
426 	LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
427 };
428 extern void add_taint(unsigned flag, enum lockdep_ok);
429 extern int test_taint(unsigned flag);
430 extern unsigned long get_taint(void);
431 extern int root_mountflags;
432 
433 extern bool early_boot_irqs_disabled;
434 
435 /*
436  * Values used for system_state. Ordering of the states must not be changed
437  * as code checks for <, <=, >, >= STATE.
438  */
439 extern enum system_states {
440 	SYSTEM_BOOTING,
441 	SYSTEM_SCHEDULING,
442 	SYSTEM_RUNNING,
443 	SYSTEM_HALT,
444 	SYSTEM_POWER_OFF,
445 	SYSTEM_RESTART,
446 	SYSTEM_SUSPEND,
447 } system_state;
448 
449 /* This cannot be an enum because some may be used in assembly source. */
450 #define TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE	0
451 #define TAINT_FORCED_MODULE		1
452 #define TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC		2
453 #define TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD		3
454 #define TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK		4
455 #define TAINT_BAD_PAGE			5
456 #define TAINT_USER			6
457 #define TAINT_DIE			7
458 #define TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE	8
459 #define TAINT_WARN			9
460 #define TAINT_CRAP			10
461 #define TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND	11
462 #define TAINT_OOT_MODULE		12
463 #define TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE		13
464 #define TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP		14
465 #define TAINT_LIVEPATCH			15
466 #define TAINT_AUX			16
467 #define TAINT_RANDSTRUCT		17
468 #define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT		18
469 #define TAINT_FLAGS_MAX			((1UL << TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT) - 1)
470 
471 struct taint_flag {
472 	char c_true;	/* character printed when tainted */
473 	char c_false;	/* character printed when not tainted */
474 	bool module;	/* also show as a per-module taint flag */
475 };
476 
477 extern const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT];
478 
479 extern const char hex_asc[];
480 #define hex_asc_lo(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0x0f)]
481 #define hex_asc_hi(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]
482 
483 static inline char *hex_byte_pack(char *buf, u8 byte)
484 {
485 	*buf++ = hex_asc_hi(byte);
486 	*buf++ = hex_asc_lo(byte);
487 	return buf;
488 }
489 
490 extern const char hex_asc_upper[];
491 #define hex_asc_upper_lo(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0x0f)]
492 #define hex_asc_upper_hi(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]
493 
494 static inline char *hex_byte_pack_upper(char *buf, u8 byte)
495 {
496 	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_hi(byte);
497 	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_lo(byte);
498 	return buf;
499 }
500 
501 extern int hex_to_bin(char ch);
502 extern int __must_check hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count);
503 extern char *bin2hex(char *dst, const void *src, size_t count);
504 
505 bool mac_pton(const char *s, u8 *mac);
506 
507 /*
508  * General tracing related utility functions - trace_printk(),
509  * tracing_on/tracing_off and tracing_start()/tracing_stop
510  *
511  * Use tracing_on/tracing_off when you want to quickly turn on or off
512  * tracing. It simply enables or disables the recording of the trace events.
513  * This also corresponds to the user space /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/tracing_on
514  * file, which gives a means for the kernel and userspace to interact.
515  * Place a tracing_off() in the kernel where you want tracing to end.
516  * From user space, examine the trace, and then echo 1 > tracing_on
517  * to continue tracing.
518  *
519  * tracing_stop/tracing_start has slightly more overhead. It is used
520  * by things like suspend to ram where disabling the recording of the
521  * trace is not enough, but tracing must actually stop because things
522  * like calling smp_processor_id() may crash the system.
523  *
524  * Most likely, you want to use tracing_on/tracing_off.
525  */
526 
527 enum ftrace_dump_mode {
528 	DUMP_NONE,
529 	DUMP_ALL,
530 	DUMP_ORIG,
531 };
532 
533 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
534 void tracing_on(void);
535 void tracing_off(void);
536 int tracing_is_on(void);
537 void tracing_snapshot(void);
538 void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void);
539 
540 extern void tracing_start(void);
541 extern void tracing_stop(void);
542 
543 static inline __printf(1, 2)
544 void ____trace_printk_check_format(const char *fmt, ...)
545 {
546 }
547 #define __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, args...)			\
548 do {									\
549 	if (0)								\
550 		____trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);		\
551 } while (0)
552 
553 /**
554  * trace_printk - printf formatting in the ftrace buffer
555  * @fmt: the printf format for printing
556  *
557  * Note: __trace_printk is an internal function for trace_printk() and
558  *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_printk() macro.
559  *
560  * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
561  * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
562  * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
563  * where problems are occurring.
564  *
565  * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
566  * Please refrain from leaving trace_printks scattered around in
567  * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
568  * allocated when trace_printk() is used.)
569  *
570  * A little optimization trick is done here. If there's only one
571  * argument, there's no need to scan the string for printf formats.
572  * The trace_puts() will suffice. But how can we take advantage of
573  * using trace_puts() when trace_printk() has only one argument?
574  * By stringifying the args and checking the size we can tell
575  * whether or not there are args. __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)) will
576  * turn into "()\0" with a size of 3 when there are no args, anything
577  * else will be bigger. All we need to do is define a string to this,
578  * and then take its size and compare to 3. If it's bigger, use
579  * do_trace_printk() otherwise, optimize it to trace_puts(). Then just
580  * let gcc optimize the rest.
581  */
582 
583 #define trace_printk(fmt, ...)				\
584 do {							\
585 	char _______STR[] = __stringify((__VA_ARGS__));	\
586 	if (sizeof(_______STR) > 3)			\
587 		do_trace_printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
588 	else						\
589 		trace_puts(fmt);			\
590 } while (0)
591 
592 #define do_trace_printk(fmt, args...)					\
593 do {									\
594 	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
595 		__section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
596 		__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;			\
597 									\
598 	__trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);			\
599 									\
600 	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt))					\
601 		__trace_bprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, ##args);	\
602 	else								\
603 		__trace_printk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, ##args);			\
604 } while (0)
605 
606 extern __printf(2, 3)
607 int __trace_bprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
608 
609 extern __printf(2, 3)
610 int __trace_printk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
611 
612 /**
613  * trace_puts - write a string into the ftrace buffer
614  * @str: the string to record
615  *
616  * Note: __trace_bputs is an internal function for trace_puts and
617  *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_puts macro.
618  *
619  * This is similar to trace_printk() but is made for those really fast
620  * paths that a developer wants the least amount of "Heisenbug" effects,
621  * where the processing of the print format is still too much.
622  *
623  * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
624  * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
625  * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
626  * where problems are occurring.
627  *
628  * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
629  * Please refrain from leaving trace_puts scattered around in
630  * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
631  * allocated when trace_puts() is used.)
632  *
633  * Returns: 0 if nothing was written, positive # if string was.
634  *  (1 when __trace_bputs is used, strlen(str) when __trace_puts is used)
635  */
636 
637 #define trace_puts(str) ({						\
638 	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
639 		__section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
640 		__builtin_constant_p(str) ? str : NULL;			\
641 									\
642 	if (__builtin_constant_p(str))					\
643 		__trace_bputs(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt);		\
644 	else								\
645 		__trace_puts(_THIS_IP_, str, strlen(str));		\
646 })
647 extern int __trace_bputs(unsigned long ip, const char *str);
648 extern int __trace_puts(unsigned long ip, const char *str, int size);
649 
650 extern void trace_dump_stack(int skip);
651 
652 /*
653  * The double __builtin_constant_p is because gcc will give us an error
654  * if we try to allocate the static variable to fmt if it is not a
655  * constant. Even with the outer if statement.
656  */
657 #define ftrace_vprintk(fmt, vargs)					\
658 do {									\
659 	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) {				\
660 		static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used		\
661 		  __section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
662 			__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;		\
663 									\
664 		__ftrace_vbprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, vargs);	\
665 	} else								\
666 		__ftrace_vprintk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, vargs);		\
667 } while (0)
668 
669 extern __printf(2, 0) int
670 __ftrace_vbprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
671 
672 extern __printf(2, 0) int
673 __ftrace_vprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
674 
675 extern void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode);
676 #else
677 static inline void tracing_start(void) { }
678 static inline void tracing_stop(void) { }
679 static inline void trace_dump_stack(int skip) { }
680 
681 static inline void tracing_on(void) { }
682 static inline void tracing_off(void) { }
683 static inline int tracing_is_on(void) { return 0; }
684 static inline void tracing_snapshot(void) { }
685 static inline void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void) { }
686 
687 static inline __printf(1, 2)
688 int trace_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
689 {
690 	return 0;
691 }
692 static __printf(1, 0) inline int
693 ftrace_vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
694 {
695 	return 0;
696 }
697 static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
698 #endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
699 
700 /* This counts to 12. Any more, it will return 13th argument. */
701 #define __COUNT_ARGS(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _n, X...) _n
702 #define COUNT_ARGS(X...) __COUNT_ARGS(, ##X, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
703 
704 #define __CONCAT(a, b) a ## b
705 #define CONCATENATE(a, b) __CONCAT(a, b)
706 
707 /**
708  * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
709  * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
710  * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
711  * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
712  *
713  */
714 #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({				\
715 	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
716 	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
717 			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
718 			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
719 	((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
720 
721 /**
722  * container_of_safe - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
723  * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
724  * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
725  * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
726  *
727  * If IS_ERR_OR_NULL(ptr), ptr is returned unchanged.
728  */
729 #define container_of_safe(ptr, type, member) ({				\
730 	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
731 	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
732 			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
733 			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
734 	IS_ERR_OR_NULL(__mptr) ? ERR_CAST(__mptr) :			\
735 		((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
736 
737 /* Rebuild everything on CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD */
738 #ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
739 # define REBUILD_DUE_TO_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
740 #endif
741 
742 /* Permissions on a sysfs file: you didn't miss the 0 prefix did you? */
743 #define VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS(perms)						\
744 	(BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) < 0) +					\
745 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) > 0777) +					\
746 	 /* USER_READABLE >= GROUP_READABLE >= OTHER_READABLE */		\
747 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 4) < (((perms) >> 3) & 4)) +	\
748 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 3) & 4) < ((perms) & 4)) +		\
749 	 /* USER_WRITABLE >= GROUP_WRITABLE */					\
750 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 2) < (((perms) >> 3) & 2)) +	\
751 	 /* OTHER_WRITABLE?  Generally considered a bad idea. */		\
752 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) & 2) +					\
753 	 (perms))
754 #endif
755