xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/kernel.h (revision ab4f5260)
1 #ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_H
2 #define _LINUX_KERNEL_H
3 
4 
5 #include <stdarg.h>
6 #include <linux/linkage.h>
7 #include <linux/stddef.h>
8 #include <linux/types.h>
9 #include <linux/compiler.h>
10 #include <linux/bitops.h>
11 #include <linux/log2.h>
12 #include <linux/typecheck.h>
13 #include <linux/printk.h>
14 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
15 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
16 #include <uapi/linux/kernel.h>
17 
18 #define USHRT_MAX	((u16)(~0U))
19 #define SHRT_MAX	((s16)(USHRT_MAX>>1))
20 #define SHRT_MIN	((s16)(-SHRT_MAX - 1))
21 #define INT_MAX		((int)(~0U>>1))
22 #define INT_MIN		(-INT_MAX - 1)
23 #define UINT_MAX	(~0U)
24 #define LONG_MAX	((long)(~0UL>>1))
25 #define LONG_MIN	(-LONG_MAX - 1)
26 #define ULONG_MAX	(~0UL)
27 #define LLONG_MAX	((long long)(~0ULL>>1))
28 #define LLONG_MIN	(-LLONG_MAX - 1)
29 #define ULLONG_MAX	(~0ULL)
30 #define SIZE_MAX	(~(size_t)0)
31 
32 #define U8_MAX		((u8)~0U)
33 #define S8_MAX		((s8)(U8_MAX>>1))
34 #define S8_MIN		((s8)(-S8_MAX - 1))
35 #define U16_MAX		((u16)~0U)
36 #define S16_MAX		((s16)(U16_MAX>>1))
37 #define S16_MIN		((s16)(-S16_MAX - 1))
38 #define U32_MAX		((u32)~0U)
39 #define S32_MAX		((s32)(U32_MAX>>1))
40 #define S32_MIN		((s32)(-S32_MAX - 1))
41 #define U64_MAX		((u64)~0ULL)
42 #define S64_MAX		((s64)(U64_MAX>>1))
43 #define S64_MIN		((s64)(-S64_MAX - 1))
44 
45 #define STACK_MAGIC	0xdeadbeef
46 
47 #define REPEAT_BYTE(x)	((~0ul / 0xff) * (x))
48 
49 /* @a is a power of 2 value */
50 #define ALIGN(x, a)		__ALIGN_KERNEL((x), (a))
51 #define ALIGN_DOWN(x, a)	__ALIGN_KERNEL((x) - ((a) - 1), (a))
52 #define __ALIGN_MASK(x, mask)	__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK((x), (mask))
53 #define PTR_ALIGN(p, a)		((typeof(p))ALIGN((unsigned long)(p), (a)))
54 #define IS_ALIGNED(x, a)		(((x) & ((typeof(x))(a) - 1)) == 0)
55 
56 /* generic data direction definitions */
57 #define READ			0
58 #define WRITE			1
59 
60 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]) + __must_be_array(arr))
61 
62 #define u64_to_user_ptr(x) (		\
63 {					\
64 	typecheck(u64, x);		\
65 	(void __user *)(uintptr_t)x;	\
66 }					\
67 )
68 
69 /*
70  * This looks more complex than it should be. But we need to
71  * get the type for the ~ right in round_down (it needs to be
72  * as wide as the result!), and we want to evaluate the macro
73  * arguments just once each.
74  */
75 #define __round_mask(x, y) ((__typeof__(x))((y)-1))
76 #define round_up(x, y) ((((x)-1) | __round_mask(x, y))+1)
77 #define round_down(x, y) ((x) & ~__round_mask(x, y))
78 
79 #define FIELD_SIZEOF(t, f) (sizeof(((t*)0)->f))
80 #define DIV_ROUND_UP __KERNEL_DIV_ROUND_UP
81 
82 #define DIV_ROUND_DOWN_ULL(ll, d) \
83 	({ unsigned long long _tmp = (ll); do_div(_tmp, d); _tmp; })
84 
85 #define DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(ll, d)		DIV_ROUND_DOWN_ULL((ll) + (d) - 1, (d))
86 
87 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
88 # define DIV_ROUND_UP_SECTOR_T(ll,d) DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(ll, d)
89 #else
90 # define DIV_ROUND_UP_SECTOR_T(ll,d) DIV_ROUND_UP(ll,d)
91 #endif
92 
93 /* The `const' in roundup() prevents gcc-3.3 from calling __divdi3 */
94 #define roundup(x, y) (					\
95 {							\
96 	const typeof(y) __y = y;			\
97 	(((x) + (__y - 1)) / __y) * __y;		\
98 }							\
99 )
100 #define rounddown(x, y) (				\
101 {							\
102 	typeof(x) __x = (x);				\
103 	__x - (__x % (y));				\
104 }							\
105 )
106 
107 /*
108  * Divide positive or negative dividend by positive or negative divisor
109  * and round to closest integer. Result is undefined for negative
110  * divisors if he dividend variable type is unsigned and for negative
111  * dividends if the divisor variable type is unsigned.
112  */
113 #define DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST(x, divisor)(			\
114 {							\
115 	typeof(x) __x = x;				\
116 	typeof(divisor) __d = divisor;			\
117 	(((typeof(x))-1) > 0 ||				\
118 	 ((typeof(divisor))-1) > 0 ||			\
119 	 (((__x) > 0) == ((__d) > 0))) ?		\
120 		(((__x) + ((__d) / 2)) / (__d)) :	\
121 		(((__x) - ((__d) / 2)) / (__d));	\
122 }							\
123 )
124 /*
125  * Same as above but for u64 dividends. divisor must be a 32-bit
126  * number.
127  */
128 #define DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST_ULL(x, divisor)(		\
129 {							\
130 	typeof(divisor) __d = divisor;			\
131 	unsigned long long _tmp = (x) + (__d) / 2;	\
132 	do_div(_tmp, __d);				\
133 	_tmp;						\
134 }							\
135 )
136 
137 /*
138  * Multiplies an integer by a fraction, while avoiding unnecessary
139  * overflow or loss of precision.
140  */
141 #define mult_frac(x, numer, denom)(			\
142 {							\
143 	typeof(x) quot = (x) / (denom);			\
144 	typeof(x) rem  = (x) % (denom);			\
145 	(quot * (numer)) + ((rem * (numer)) / (denom));	\
146 }							\
147 )
148 
149 
150 #define _RET_IP_		(unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0)
151 #define _THIS_IP_  ({ __label__ __here; __here: (unsigned long)&&__here; })
152 
153 #ifdef CONFIG_LBDAF
154 # include <asm/div64.h>
155 # define sector_div(a, b) do_div(a, b)
156 #else
157 # define sector_div(n, b)( \
158 { \
159 	int _res; \
160 	_res = (n) % (b); \
161 	(n) /= (b); \
162 	_res; \
163 } \
164 )
165 #endif
166 
167 /**
168  * upper_32_bits - return bits 32-63 of a number
169  * @n: the number we're accessing
170  *
171  * A basic shift-right of a 64- or 32-bit quantity.  Use this to suppress
172  * the "right shift count >= width of type" warning when that quantity is
173  * 32-bits.
174  */
175 #define upper_32_bits(n) ((u32)(((n) >> 16) >> 16))
176 
177 /**
178  * lower_32_bits - return bits 0-31 of a number
179  * @n: the number we're accessing
180  */
181 #define lower_32_bits(n) ((u32)(n))
182 
183 struct completion;
184 struct pt_regs;
185 struct user;
186 
187 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY
188 extern int _cond_resched(void);
189 # define might_resched() _cond_resched()
190 #else
191 # define might_resched() do { } while (0)
192 #endif
193 
194 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP
195   void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
196   void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
197 /**
198  * might_sleep - annotation for functions that can sleep
199  *
200  * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed in an atomic
201  * context (spinlock, irq-handler, ...).
202  *
203  * This is a useful debugging help to be able to catch problems early and not
204  * be bitten later when the calling function happens to sleep when it is not
205  * supposed to.
206  */
207 # define might_sleep() \
208 	do { __might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); might_resched(); } while (0)
209 # define sched_annotate_sleep()	(current->task_state_change = 0)
210 #else
211   static inline void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
212 				   int preempt_offset) { }
213   static inline void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
214 				   int preempt_offset) { }
215 # define might_sleep() do { might_resched(); } while (0)
216 # define sched_annotate_sleep() do { } while (0)
217 #endif
218 
219 #define might_sleep_if(cond) do { if (cond) might_sleep(); } while (0)
220 
221 /**
222  * abs - return absolute value of an argument
223  * @x: the value.  If it is unsigned type, it is converted to signed type first.
224  *     char is treated as if it was signed (regardless of whether it really is)
225  *     but the macro's return type is preserved as char.
226  *
227  * Return: an absolute value of x.
228  */
229 #define abs(x)	__abs_choose_expr(x, long long,				\
230 		__abs_choose_expr(x, long,				\
231 		__abs_choose_expr(x, int,				\
232 		__abs_choose_expr(x, short,				\
233 		__abs_choose_expr(x, char,				\
234 		__builtin_choose_expr(					\
235 			__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(x), char),	\
236 			(char)({ signed char __x = (x); __x<0?-__x:__x; }), \
237 			((void)0)))))))
238 
239 #define __abs_choose_expr(x, type, other) __builtin_choose_expr(	\
240 	__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(x),   signed type) ||	\
241 	__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(x), unsigned type),		\
242 	({ signed type __x = (x); __x < 0 ? -__x : __x; }), other)
243 
244 /**
245  * reciprocal_scale - "scale" a value into range [0, ep_ro)
246  * @val: value
247  * @ep_ro: right open interval endpoint
248  *
249  * Perform a "reciprocal multiplication" in order to "scale" a value into
250  * range [0, ep_ro), where the upper interval endpoint is right-open.
251  * This is useful, e.g. for accessing a index of an array containing
252  * ep_ro elements, for example. Think of it as sort of modulus, only that
253  * the result isn't that of modulo. ;) Note that if initial input is a
254  * small value, then result will return 0.
255  *
256  * Return: a result based on val in interval [0, ep_ro).
257  */
258 static inline u32 reciprocal_scale(u32 val, u32 ep_ro)
259 {
260 	return (u32)(((u64) val * ep_ro) >> 32);
261 }
262 
263 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && \
264 	(defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP))
265 #define might_fault() __might_fault(__FILE__, __LINE__)
266 void __might_fault(const char *file, int line);
267 #else
268 static inline void might_fault(void) { }
269 #endif
270 
271 extern struct atomic_notifier_head panic_notifier_list;
272 extern long (*panic_blink)(int state);
273 __printf(1, 2)
274 void panic(const char *fmt, ...) __noreturn __cold;
275 void nmi_panic(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg);
276 extern void oops_enter(void);
277 extern void oops_exit(void);
278 void print_oops_end_marker(void);
279 extern int oops_may_print(void);
280 void do_exit(long error_code) __noreturn;
281 void complete_and_exit(struct completion *, long) __noreturn;
282 
283 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_REFCOUNT
284 void refcount_error_report(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *err);
285 #else
286 static inline void refcount_error_report(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *err)
287 { }
288 #endif
289 
290 /* Internal, do not use. */
291 int __must_check _kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
292 int __must_check _kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res);
293 
294 int __must_check kstrtoull(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
295 int __must_check kstrtoll(const char *s, unsigned int base, long long *res);
296 
297 /**
298  * kstrtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
299  * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
300  *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
301  *  may also be a plus sign, but not a minus sign.
302  * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
303  *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
304  *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
305  *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
306  *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
307  * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
308  *
309  * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
310  * Used as a replacement for the obsolete simple_strtoull. Return code must
311  * be checked.
312 */
313 static inline int __must_check kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res)
314 {
315 	/*
316 	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
317 	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(unsigned long, unsigned long long) = 0.
318 	 */
319 	if (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long) &&
320 	    __alignof__(unsigned long) == __alignof__(unsigned long long))
321 		return kstrtoull(s, base, (unsigned long long *)res);
322 	else
323 		return _kstrtoul(s, base, res);
324 }
325 
326 /**
327  * kstrtol - convert a string to a long
328  * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
329  *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
330  *  may also be a plus sign or a minus sign.
331  * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
332  *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
333  *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
334  *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
335  *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
336  * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
337  *
338  * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
339  * Used as a replacement for the obsolete simple_strtoull. Return code must
340  * be checked.
341  */
342 static inline int __must_check kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res)
343 {
344 	/*
345 	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
346 	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(long, long long) = 0.
347 	 */
348 	if (sizeof(long) == sizeof(long long) &&
349 	    __alignof__(long) == __alignof__(long long))
350 		return kstrtoll(s, base, (long long *)res);
351 	else
352 		return _kstrtol(s, base, res);
353 }
354 
355 int __must_check kstrtouint(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
356 int __must_check kstrtoint(const char *s, unsigned int base, int *res);
357 
358 static inline int __must_check kstrtou64(const char *s, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
359 {
360 	return kstrtoull(s, base, res);
361 }
362 
363 static inline int __must_check kstrtos64(const char *s, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
364 {
365 	return kstrtoll(s, base, res);
366 }
367 
368 static inline int __must_check kstrtou32(const char *s, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
369 {
370 	return kstrtouint(s, base, res);
371 }
372 
373 static inline int __must_check kstrtos32(const char *s, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
374 {
375 	return kstrtoint(s, base, res);
376 }
377 
378 int __must_check kstrtou16(const char *s, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
379 int __must_check kstrtos16(const char *s, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
380 int __must_check kstrtou8(const char *s, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
381 int __must_check kstrtos8(const char *s, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
382 int __must_check kstrtobool(const char *s, bool *res);
383 
384 int __must_check kstrtoull_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
385 int __must_check kstrtoll_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long long *res);
386 int __must_check kstrtoul_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
387 int __must_check kstrtol_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long *res);
388 int __must_check kstrtouint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
389 int __must_check kstrtoint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, int *res);
390 int __must_check kstrtou16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
391 int __must_check kstrtos16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
392 int __must_check kstrtou8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
393 int __must_check kstrtos8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
394 int __must_check kstrtobool_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, bool *res);
395 
396 static inline int __must_check kstrtou64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
397 {
398 	return kstrtoull_from_user(s, count, base, res);
399 }
400 
401 static inline int __must_check kstrtos64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
402 {
403 	return kstrtoll_from_user(s, count, base, res);
404 }
405 
406 static inline int __must_check kstrtou32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
407 {
408 	return kstrtouint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
409 }
410 
411 static inline int __must_check kstrtos32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
412 {
413 	return kstrtoint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
414 }
415 
416 /* Obsolete, do not use.  Use kstrto<foo> instead */
417 
418 extern unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
419 extern long simple_strtol(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
420 extern unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
421 extern long long simple_strtoll(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
422 
423 extern int num_to_str(char *buf, int size, unsigned long long num);
424 
425 /* lib/printf utilities */
426 
427 extern __printf(2, 3) int sprintf(char *buf, const char * fmt, ...);
428 extern __printf(2, 0) int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *, va_list);
429 extern __printf(3, 4)
430 int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
431 extern __printf(3, 0)
432 int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
433 extern __printf(3, 4)
434 int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
435 extern __printf(3, 0)
436 int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
437 extern __printf(2, 3) __malloc
438 char *kasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, ...);
439 extern __printf(2, 0) __malloc
440 char *kvasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
441 extern __printf(2, 0)
442 const char *kvasprintf_const(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
443 
444 extern __scanf(2, 3)
445 int sscanf(const char *, const char *, ...);
446 extern __scanf(2, 0)
447 int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, va_list);
448 
449 extern int get_option(char **str, int *pint);
450 extern char *get_options(const char *str, int nints, int *ints);
451 extern unsigned long long memparse(const char *ptr, char **retptr);
452 extern bool parse_option_str(const char *str, const char *option);
453 extern char *next_arg(char *args, char **param, char **val);
454 
455 extern int core_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
456 extern int core_kernel_data(unsigned long addr);
457 extern int __kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
458 extern int kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
459 extern int func_ptr_is_kernel_text(void *ptr);
460 
461 unsigned long int_sqrt(unsigned long);
462 
463 extern void bust_spinlocks(int yes);
464 extern int oops_in_progress;		/* If set, an oops, panic(), BUG() or die() is in progress */
465 extern int panic_timeout;
466 extern int panic_on_oops;
467 extern int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
468 extern int panic_on_io_nmi;
469 extern int panic_on_warn;
470 extern int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall;
471 extern int sysctl_panic_on_stackoverflow;
472 
473 extern bool crash_kexec_post_notifiers;
474 
475 /*
476  * panic_cpu is used for synchronizing panic() and crash_kexec() execution. It
477  * holds a CPU number which is executing panic() currently. A value of
478  * PANIC_CPU_INVALID means no CPU has entered panic() or crash_kexec().
479  */
480 extern atomic_t panic_cpu;
481 #define PANIC_CPU_INVALID	-1
482 
483 /*
484  * Only to be used by arch init code. If the user over-wrote the default
485  * CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT, honor it.
486  */
487 static inline void set_arch_panic_timeout(int timeout, int arch_default_timeout)
488 {
489 	if (panic_timeout == arch_default_timeout)
490 		panic_timeout = timeout;
491 }
492 extern const char *print_tainted(void);
493 enum lockdep_ok {
494 	LOCKDEP_STILL_OK,
495 	LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
496 };
497 extern void add_taint(unsigned flag, enum lockdep_ok);
498 extern int test_taint(unsigned flag);
499 extern unsigned long get_taint(void);
500 extern int root_mountflags;
501 
502 extern bool early_boot_irqs_disabled;
503 
504 /*
505  * Values used for system_state. Ordering of the states must not be changed
506  * as code checks for <, <=, >, >= STATE.
507  */
508 extern enum system_states {
509 	SYSTEM_BOOTING,
510 	SYSTEM_SCHEDULING,
511 	SYSTEM_RUNNING,
512 	SYSTEM_HALT,
513 	SYSTEM_POWER_OFF,
514 	SYSTEM_RESTART,
515 } system_state;
516 
517 #define TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE	0
518 #define TAINT_FORCED_MODULE		1
519 #define TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC		2
520 #define TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD		3
521 #define TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK		4
522 #define TAINT_BAD_PAGE			5
523 #define TAINT_USER			6
524 #define TAINT_DIE			7
525 #define TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE	8
526 #define TAINT_WARN			9
527 #define TAINT_CRAP			10
528 #define TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND	11
529 #define TAINT_OOT_MODULE		12
530 #define TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE		13
531 #define TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP		14
532 #define TAINT_LIVEPATCH			15
533 #define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT		16
534 
535 struct taint_flag {
536 	char c_true;	/* character printed when tainted */
537 	char c_false;	/* character printed when not tainted */
538 	bool module;	/* also show as a per-module taint flag */
539 };
540 
541 extern const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT];
542 
543 extern const char hex_asc[];
544 #define hex_asc_lo(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0x0f)]
545 #define hex_asc_hi(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]
546 
547 static inline char *hex_byte_pack(char *buf, u8 byte)
548 {
549 	*buf++ = hex_asc_hi(byte);
550 	*buf++ = hex_asc_lo(byte);
551 	return buf;
552 }
553 
554 extern const char hex_asc_upper[];
555 #define hex_asc_upper_lo(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0x0f)]
556 #define hex_asc_upper_hi(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]
557 
558 static inline char *hex_byte_pack_upper(char *buf, u8 byte)
559 {
560 	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_hi(byte);
561 	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_lo(byte);
562 	return buf;
563 }
564 
565 extern int hex_to_bin(char ch);
566 extern int __must_check hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count);
567 extern char *bin2hex(char *dst, const void *src, size_t count);
568 
569 bool mac_pton(const char *s, u8 *mac);
570 
571 /*
572  * General tracing related utility functions - trace_printk(),
573  * tracing_on/tracing_off and tracing_start()/tracing_stop
574  *
575  * Use tracing_on/tracing_off when you want to quickly turn on or off
576  * tracing. It simply enables or disables the recording of the trace events.
577  * This also corresponds to the user space /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/tracing_on
578  * file, which gives a means for the kernel and userspace to interact.
579  * Place a tracing_off() in the kernel where you want tracing to end.
580  * From user space, examine the trace, and then echo 1 > tracing_on
581  * to continue tracing.
582  *
583  * tracing_stop/tracing_start has slightly more overhead. It is used
584  * by things like suspend to ram where disabling the recording of the
585  * trace is not enough, but tracing must actually stop because things
586  * like calling smp_processor_id() may crash the system.
587  *
588  * Most likely, you want to use tracing_on/tracing_off.
589  */
590 
591 enum ftrace_dump_mode {
592 	DUMP_NONE,
593 	DUMP_ALL,
594 	DUMP_ORIG,
595 };
596 
597 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
598 void tracing_on(void);
599 void tracing_off(void);
600 int tracing_is_on(void);
601 void tracing_snapshot(void);
602 void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void);
603 
604 extern void tracing_start(void);
605 extern void tracing_stop(void);
606 
607 static inline __printf(1, 2)
608 void ____trace_printk_check_format(const char *fmt, ...)
609 {
610 }
611 #define __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, args...)			\
612 do {									\
613 	if (0)								\
614 		____trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);		\
615 } while (0)
616 
617 /**
618  * trace_printk - printf formatting in the ftrace buffer
619  * @fmt: the printf format for printing
620  *
621  * Note: __trace_printk is an internal function for trace_printk and
622  *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_printk macro.
623  *
624  * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
625  * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
626  * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
627  * where problems are occurring.
628  *
629  * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
630  * Please refrain from leaving trace_printks scattered around in
631  * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
632  * allocated when trace_printk() is used)
633  *
634  * A little optization trick is done here. If there's only one
635  * argument, there's no need to scan the string for printf formats.
636  * The trace_puts() will suffice. But how can we take advantage of
637  * using trace_puts() when trace_printk() has only one argument?
638  * By stringifying the args and checking the size we can tell
639  * whether or not there are args. __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)) will
640  * turn into "()\0" with a size of 3 when there are no args, anything
641  * else will be bigger. All we need to do is define a string to this,
642  * and then take its size and compare to 3. If it's bigger, use
643  * do_trace_printk() otherwise, optimize it to trace_puts(). Then just
644  * let gcc optimize the rest.
645  */
646 
647 #define trace_printk(fmt, ...)				\
648 do {							\
649 	char _______STR[] = __stringify((__VA_ARGS__));	\
650 	if (sizeof(_______STR) > 3)			\
651 		do_trace_printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
652 	else						\
653 		trace_puts(fmt);			\
654 } while (0)
655 
656 #define do_trace_printk(fmt, args...)					\
657 do {									\
658 	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
659 		__attribute__((section("__trace_printk_fmt"))) =	\
660 		__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;			\
661 									\
662 	__trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);			\
663 									\
664 	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt))					\
665 		__trace_bprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, ##args);	\
666 	else								\
667 		__trace_printk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, ##args);			\
668 } while (0)
669 
670 extern __printf(2, 3)
671 int __trace_bprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
672 
673 extern __printf(2, 3)
674 int __trace_printk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
675 
676 /**
677  * trace_puts - write a string into the ftrace buffer
678  * @str: the string to record
679  *
680  * Note: __trace_bputs is an internal function for trace_puts and
681  *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_puts macro.
682  *
683  * This is similar to trace_printk() but is made for those really fast
684  * paths that a developer wants the least amount of "Heisenbug" affects,
685  * where the processing of the print format is still too much.
686  *
687  * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
688  * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
689  * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
690  * where problems are occurring.
691  *
692  * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
693  * Please refrain from leaving trace_puts scattered around in
694  * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
695  * allocated when trace_puts() is used)
696  *
697  * Returns: 0 if nothing was written, positive # if string was.
698  *  (1 when __trace_bputs is used, strlen(str) when __trace_puts is used)
699  */
700 
701 #define trace_puts(str) ({						\
702 	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
703 		__attribute__((section("__trace_printk_fmt"))) =	\
704 		__builtin_constant_p(str) ? str : NULL;			\
705 									\
706 	if (__builtin_constant_p(str))					\
707 		__trace_bputs(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt);		\
708 	else								\
709 		__trace_puts(_THIS_IP_, str, strlen(str));		\
710 })
711 extern int __trace_bputs(unsigned long ip, const char *str);
712 extern int __trace_puts(unsigned long ip, const char *str, int size);
713 
714 extern void trace_dump_stack(int skip);
715 
716 /*
717  * The double __builtin_constant_p is because gcc will give us an error
718  * if we try to allocate the static variable to fmt if it is not a
719  * constant. Even with the outer if statement.
720  */
721 #define ftrace_vprintk(fmt, vargs)					\
722 do {									\
723 	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) {				\
724 		static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used		\
725 		  __attribute__((section("__trace_printk_fmt"))) =	\
726 			__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;		\
727 									\
728 		__ftrace_vbprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, vargs);	\
729 	} else								\
730 		__ftrace_vprintk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, vargs);		\
731 } while (0)
732 
733 extern __printf(2, 0) int
734 __ftrace_vbprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
735 
736 extern __printf(2, 0) int
737 __ftrace_vprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
738 
739 extern void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode);
740 #else
741 static inline void tracing_start(void) { }
742 static inline void tracing_stop(void) { }
743 static inline void trace_dump_stack(int skip) { }
744 
745 static inline void tracing_on(void) { }
746 static inline void tracing_off(void) { }
747 static inline int tracing_is_on(void) { return 0; }
748 static inline void tracing_snapshot(void) { }
749 static inline void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void) { }
750 
751 static inline __printf(1, 2)
752 int trace_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
753 {
754 	return 0;
755 }
756 static __printf(1, 0) inline int
757 ftrace_vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
758 {
759 	return 0;
760 }
761 static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
762 #endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
763 
764 /*
765  * min()/max()/clamp() macros that also do
766  * strict type-checking.. See the
767  * "unnecessary" pointer comparison.
768  */
769 #define __min(t1, t2, min1, min2, x, y) ({		\
770 	t1 min1 = (x);					\
771 	t2 min2 = (y);					\
772 	(void) (&min1 == &min2);			\
773 	min1 < min2 ? min1 : min2; })
774 #define min(x, y)					\
775 	__min(typeof(x), typeof(y),			\
776 	      __UNIQUE_ID(min1_), __UNIQUE_ID(min2_),	\
777 	      x, y)
778 
779 #define __max(t1, t2, max1, max2, x, y) ({		\
780 	t1 max1 = (x);					\
781 	t2 max2 = (y);					\
782 	(void) (&max1 == &max2);			\
783 	max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2; })
784 #define max(x, y)					\
785 	__max(typeof(x), typeof(y),			\
786 	      __UNIQUE_ID(max1_), __UNIQUE_ID(max2_),	\
787 	      x, y)
788 
789 #define min3(x, y, z) min((typeof(x))min(x, y), z)
790 #define max3(x, y, z) max((typeof(x))max(x, y), z)
791 
792 /**
793  * min_not_zero - return the minimum that is _not_ zero, unless both are zero
794  * @x: value1
795  * @y: value2
796  */
797 #define min_not_zero(x, y) ({			\
798 	typeof(x) __x = (x);			\
799 	typeof(y) __y = (y);			\
800 	__x == 0 ? __y : ((__y == 0) ? __x : min(__x, __y)); })
801 
802 /**
803  * clamp - return a value clamped to a given range with strict typechecking
804  * @val: current value
805  * @lo: lowest allowable value
806  * @hi: highest allowable value
807  *
808  * This macro does strict typechecking of lo/hi to make sure they are of the
809  * same type as val.  See the unnecessary pointer comparisons.
810  */
811 #define clamp(val, lo, hi) min((typeof(val))max(val, lo), hi)
812 
813 /*
814  * ..and if you can't take the strict
815  * types, you can specify one yourself.
816  *
817  * Or not use min/max/clamp at all, of course.
818  */
819 #define min_t(type, x, y)				\
820 	__min(type, type,				\
821 	      __UNIQUE_ID(min1_), __UNIQUE_ID(min2_),	\
822 	      x, y)
823 
824 #define max_t(type, x, y)				\
825 	__max(type, type,				\
826 	      __UNIQUE_ID(min1_), __UNIQUE_ID(min2_),	\
827 	      x, y)
828 
829 /**
830  * clamp_t - return a value clamped to a given range using a given type
831  * @type: the type of variable to use
832  * @val: current value
833  * @lo: minimum allowable value
834  * @hi: maximum allowable value
835  *
836  * This macro does no typechecking and uses temporary variables of type
837  * 'type' to make all the comparisons.
838  */
839 #define clamp_t(type, val, lo, hi) min_t(type, max_t(type, val, lo), hi)
840 
841 /**
842  * clamp_val - return a value clamped to a given range using val's type
843  * @val: current value
844  * @lo: minimum allowable value
845  * @hi: maximum allowable value
846  *
847  * This macro does no typechecking and uses temporary variables of whatever
848  * type the input argument 'val' is.  This is useful when val is an unsigned
849  * type and min and max are literals that will otherwise be assigned a signed
850  * integer type.
851  */
852 #define clamp_val(val, lo, hi) clamp_t(typeof(val), val, lo, hi)
853 
854 
855 /*
856  * swap - swap value of @a and @b
857  */
858 #define swap(a, b) \
859 	do { typeof(a) __tmp = (a); (a) = (b); (b) = __tmp; } while (0)
860 
861 /**
862  * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
863  * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
864  * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
865  * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
866  *
867  */
868 #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({				\
869 	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
870 	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
871 			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
872 			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
873 	((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
874 
875 /* Rebuild everything on CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD */
876 #ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
877 # define REBUILD_DUE_TO_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
878 #endif
879 
880 /* Permissions on a sysfs file: you didn't miss the 0 prefix did you? */
881 #define VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS(perms)						\
882 	(BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) < 0) +					\
883 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) > 0777) +					\
884 	 /* USER_READABLE >= GROUP_READABLE >= OTHER_READABLE */		\
885 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 4) < (((perms) >> 3) & 4)) +	\
886 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 3) & 4) < ((perms) & 4)) +		\
887 	 /* USER_WRITABLE >= GROUP_WRITABLE */					\
888 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 2) < (((perms) >> 3) & 2)) +	\
889 	 /* OTHER_WRITABLE?  Generally considered a bad idea. */		\
890 	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) & 2) +					\
891 	 (perms))
892 #endif
893