1 /*
2  * Filesystem access notification for Linux
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc., Eric Paris <[email protected]>
5  */
6 
7 #ifndef __LINUX_FSNOTIFY_BACKEND_H
8 #define __LINUX_FSNOTIFY_BACKEND_H
9 
10 #ifdef __KERNEL__
11 
12 #include <linux/idr.h> /* inotify uses this */
13 #include <linux/fs.h> /* struct inode */
14 #include <linux/list.h>
15 #include <linux/path.h> /* struct path */
16 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
17 #include <linux/types.h>
18 
19 #include <asm/atomic.h>
20 
21 /*
22  * IN_* from inotfy.h lines up EXACTLY with FS_*, this is so we can easily
23  * convert between them.  dnotify only needs conversion at watch creation
24  * so no perf loss there.  fanotify isn't defined yet, so it can use the
25  * wholes if it needs more events.
26  */
27 #define FS_ACCESS		0x00000001	/* File was accessed */
28 #define FS_MODIFY		0x00000002	/* File was modified */
29 #define FS_ATTRIB		0x00000004	/* Metadata changed */
30 #define FS_CLOSE_WRITE		0x00000008	/* Writtable file was closed */
31 #define FS_CLOSE_NOWRITE	0x00000010	/* Unwrittable file closed */
32 #define FS_OPEN			0x00000020	/* File was opened */
33 #define FS_MOVED_FROM		0x00000040	/* File was moved from X */
34 #define FS_MOVED_TO		0x00000080	/* File was moved to Y */
35 #define FS_CREATE		0x00000100	/* Subfile was created */
36 #define FS_DELETE		0x00000200	/* Subfile was deleted */
37 #define FS_DELETE_SELF		0x00000400	/* Self was deleted */
38 #define FS_MOVE_SELF		0x00000800	/* Self was moved */
39 
40 #define FS_UNMOUNT		0x00002000	/* inode on umount fs */
41 #define FS_Q_OVERFLOW		0x00004000	/* Event queued overflowed */
42 #define FS_IN_IGNORED		0x00008000	/* last inotify event here */
43 
44 #define FS_OPEN_PERM		0x00010000	/* open event in an permission hook */
45 #define FS_ACCESS_PERM		0x00020000	/* access event in a permissions hook */
46 
47 #define FS_EXCL_UNLINK		0x04000000	/* do not send events if object is unlinked */
48 #define FS_IN_ISDIR		0x40000000	/* event occurred against dir */
49 #define FS_IN_ONESHOT		0x80000000	/* only send event once */
50 
51 #define FS_DN_RENAME		0x10000000	/* file renamed */
52 #define FS_DN_MULTISHOT		0x20000000	/* dnotify multishot */
53 
54 /* This inode cares about things that happen to its children.  Always set for
55  * dnotify and inotify. */
56 #define FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD	0x08000000
57 
58 /* This is a list of all events that may get sent to a parernt based on fs event
59  * happening to inodes inside that directory */
60 #define FS_EVENTS_POSS_ON_CHILD   (FS_ACCESS | FS_MODIFY | FS_ATTRIB |\
61 				   FS_CLOSE_WRITE | FS_CLOSE_NOWRITE | FS_OPEN |\
62 				   FS_MOVED_FROM | FS_MOVED_TO | FS_CREATE |\
63 				   FS_DELETE)
64 
65 #define FS_MOVE			(FS_MOVED_FROM | FS_MOVED_TO)
66 
67 #define ALL_FSNOTIFY_EVENTS (FS_ACCESS | FS_MODIFY | FS_ATTRIB | \
68 			     FS_CLOSE_WRITE | FS_CLOSE_NOWRITE | FS_OPEN | \
69 			     FS_MOVED_FROM | FS_MOVED_TO | FS_CREATE | \
70 			     FS_DELETE | FS_DELETE_SELF | FS_MOVE_SELF | \
71 			     FS_UNMOUNT | FS_Q_OVERFLOW | FS_IN_IGNORED | \
72 			     FS_OPEN_PERM | FS_ACCESS_PERM | FS_EXCL_UNLINK | \
73 			     FS_IN_ISDIR | FS_IN_ONESHOT | FS_DN_RENAME | \
74 			     FS_DN_MULTISHOT | FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD)
75 
76 struct fsnotify_group;
77 struct fsnotify_event;
78 struct fsnotify_mark;
79 struct fsnotify_event_private_data;
80 
81 /*
82  * Each group much define these ops.  The fsnotify infrastructure will call
83  * these operations for each relevant group.
84  *
85  * should_send_event - given a group, inode, and mask this function determines
86  *		if the group is interested in this event.
87  * handle_event - main call for a group to handle an fs event
88  * free_group_priv - called when a group refcnt hits 0 to clean up the private union
89  * freeing-mark - this means that a mark has been flagged to die when everything
90  *		finishes using it.  The function is supplied with what must be a
91  *		valid group and inode to use to clean up.
92  */
93 struct fsnotify_ops {
94 	bool (*should_send_event)(struct fsnotify_group *group, struct inode *inode,
95 				  struct fsnotify_mark *inode_mark,
96 				  struct fsnotify_mark *vfsmount_mark,
97 				  __u32 mask, void *data, int data_type);
98 	int (*handle_event)(struct fsnotify_group *group,
99 			    struct fsnotify_mark *inode_mark,
100 			    struct fsnotify_mark *vfsmount_mark,
101 			    struct fsnotify_event *event);
102 	void (*free_group_priv)(struct fsnotify_group *group);
103 	void (*freeing_mark)(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, struct fsnotify_group *group);
104 	void (*free_event_priv)(struct fsnotify_event_private_data *priv);
105 };
106 
107 /*
108  * A group is a "thing" that wants to receive notification about filesystem
109  * events.  The mask holds the subset of event types this group cares about.
110  * refcnt on a group is up to the implementor and at any moment if it goes 0
111  * everything will be cleaned up.
112  */
113 struct fsnotify_group {
114 	/*
115 	 * How the refcnt is used is up to each group.  When the refcnt hits 0
116 	 * fsnotify will clean up all of the resources associated with this group.
117 	 * As an example, the dnotify group will always have a refcnt=1 and that
118 	 * will never change.  Inotify, on the other hand, has a group per
119 	 * inotify_init() and the refcnt will hit 0 only when that fd has been
120 	 * closed.
121 	 */
122 	atomic_t refcnt;		/* things with interest in this group */
123 
124 	const struct fsnotify_ops *ops;	/* how this group handles things */
125 
126 	/* needed to send notification to userspace */
127 	struct mutex notification_mutex;	/* protect the notification_list */
128 	struct list_head notification_list;	/* list of event_holder this group needs to send to userspace */
129 	wait_queue_head_t notification_waitq;	/* read() on the notification file blocks on this waitq */
130 	unsigned int q_len;			/* events on the queue */
131 	unsigned int max_events;		/* maximum events allowed on the list */
132 
133 	/* stores all fastpath marks assoc with this group so they can be cleaned on unregister */
134 	spinlock_t mark_lock;		/* protect marks_list */
135 	atomic_t num_marks;		/* 1 for each mark and 1 for not being
136 					 * past the point of no return when freeing
137 					 * a group */
138 	struct list_head marks_list;	/* all inode marks for this group */
139 
140 	/* groups can define private fields here or use the void *private */
141 	union {
142 		void *private;
143 #ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER
144 		struct inotify_group_private_data {
145 			spinlock_t	idr_lock;
146 			struct idr      idr;
147 			u32             last_wd;
148 			struct fasync_struct    *fa;    /* async notification */
149 			struct user_struct      *user;
150 		} inotify_data;
151 #endif
152 #ifdef CONFIG_FANOTIFY
153 		struct fanotify_group_private_data {
154 #ifdef CONFIG_FANOTIFY_ACCESS_PERMISSIONS
155 			/* allows a group to block waiting for a userspace response */
156 			struct mutex access_mutex;
157 			struct list_head access_list;
158 			wait_queue_head_t access_waitq;
159 			bool bypass_perm; /* protected by access_mutex */
160 #endif /* CONFIG_FANOTIFY_ACCESS_PERMISSIONS */
161 			int f_flags;
162 		} fanotify_data;
163 #endif /* CONFIG_FANOTIFY */
164 	};
165 };
166 
167 /*
168  * A single event can be queued in multiple group->notification_lists.
169  *
170  * each group->notification_list will point to an event_holder which in turns points
171  * to the actual event that needs to be sent to userspace.
172  *
173  * Seemed cheaper to create a refcnt'd event and a small holder for every group
174  * than create a different event for every group
175  *
176  */
177 struct fsnotify_event_holder {
178 	struct fsnotify_event *event;
179 	struct list_head event_list;
180 };
181 
182 /*
183  * Inotify needs to tack data onto an event.  This struct lets us later find the
184  * correct private data of the correct group.
185  */
186 struct fsnotify_event_private_data {
187 	struct fsnotify_group *group;
188 	struct list_head event_list;
189 };
190 
191 /*
192  * all of the information about the original object we want to now send to
193  * a group.  If you want to carry more info from the accessing task to the
194  * listener this structure is where you need to be adding fields.
195  */
196 struct fsnotify_event {
197 	/*
198 	 * If we create an event we are also likely going to need a holder
199 	 * to link to a group.  So embed one holder in the event.  Means only
200 	 * one allocation for the common case where we only have one group
201 	 */
202 	struct fsnotify_event_holder holder;
203 	spinlock_t lock;	/* protection for the associated event_holder and private_list */
204 	/* to_tell may ONLY be dereferenced during handle_event(). */
205 	struct inode *to_tell;	/* either the inode the event happened to or its parent */
206 	/*
207 	 * depending on the event type we should have either a path or inode
208 	 * We hold a reference on path, but NOT on inode.  Since we have the ref on
209 	 * the path, it may be dereferenced at any point during this object's
210 	 * lifetime.  That reference is dropped when this object's refcnt hits
211 	 * 0.  If this event contains an inode instead of a path, the inode may
212 	 * ONLY be used during handle_event().
213 	 */
214 	union {
215 		struct path path;
216 		struct inode *inode;
217 	};
218 /* when calling fsnotify tell it if the data is a path or inode */
219 #define FSNOTIFY_EVENT_NONE	0
220 #define FSNOTIFY_EVENT_PATH	1
221 #define FSNOTIFY_EVENT_INODE	2
222 	int data_type;		/* which of the above union we have */
223 	atomic_t refcnt;	/* how many groups still are using/need to send this event */
224 	__u32 mask;		/* the type of access, bitwise OR for FS_* event types */
225 
226 	u32 sync_cookie;	/* used to corrolate events, namely inotify mv events */
227 	const unsigned char *file_name;
228 	size_t name_len;
229 	struct pid *tgid;
230 
231 #ifdef CONFIG_FANOTIFY_ACCESS_PERMISSIONS
232 	__u32 response;	/* userspace answer to question */
233 #endif /* CONFIG_FANOTIFY_ACCESS_PERMISSIONS */
234 
235 	struct list_head private_data_list;	/* groups can store private data here */
236 };
237 
238 /*
239  * Inode specific fields in an fsnotify_mark
240  */
241 struct fsnotify_inode_mark {
242 	struct inode *inode;		/* inode this mark is associated with */
243 	struct hlist_node i_list;	/* list of marks by inode->i_fsnotify_marks */
244 	struct list_head free_i_list;	/* tmp list used when freeing this mark */
245 };
246 
247 /*
248  * Mount point specific fields in an fsnotify_mark
249  */
250 struct fsnotify_vfsmount_mark {
251 	struct vfsmount *mnt;		/* vfsmount this mark is associated with */
252 	struct hlist_node m_list;	/* list of marks by inode->i_fsnotify_marks */
253 	struct list_head free_m_list;	/* tmp list used when freeing this mark */
254 };
255 
256 /*
257  * a mark is simply an object attached to an in core inode which allows an
258  * fsnotify listener to indicate they are either no longer interested in events
259  * of a type matching mask or only interested in those events.
260  *
261  * these are flushed when an inode is evicted from core and may be flushed
262  * when the inode is modified (as seen by fsnotify_access).  Some fsnotify users
263  * (such as dnotify) will flush these when the open fd is closed and not at
264  * inode eviction or modification.
265  */
266 struct fsnotify_mark {
267 	__u32 mask;			/* mask this mark is for */
268 	/* we hold ref for each i_list and g_list.  also one ref for each 'thing'
269 	 * in kernel that found and may be using this mark. */
270 	atomic_t refcnt;		/* active things looking at this mark */
271 	struct fsnotify_group *group;	/* group this mark is for */
272 	struct list_head g_list;	/* list of marks by group->i_fsnotify_marks */
273 	spinlock_t lock;		/* protect group and inode */
274 	union {
275 		struct fsnotify_inode_mark i;
276 		struct fsnotify_vfsmount_mark m;
277 	};
278 	__u32 ignored_mask;		/* events types to ignore */
279 	struct list_head free_g_list;	/* tmp list used when freeing this mark */
280 #define FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_INODE		0x01
281 #define FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_VFSMOUNT		0x02
282 #define FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_OBJECT_PINNED	0x04
283 #define FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_IGNORED_SURV_MODIFY	0x08
284 #define FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ALIVE		0x10
285 	unsigned int flags;		/* vfsmount or inode mark? */
286 	struct list_head destroy_list;
287 	void (*free_mark)(struct fsnotify_mark *mark); /* called on final put+free */
288 };
289 
290 #ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
291 
292 /* called from the vfs helpers */
293 
294 /* main fsnotify call to send events */
295 extern int fsnotify(struct inode *to_tell, __u32 mask, void *data, int data_is,
296 		    const unsigned char *name, u32 cookie);
297 extern void __fsnotify_parent(struct path *path, struct dentry *dentry, __u32 mask);
298 extern void __fsnotify_inode_delete(struct inode *inode);
299 extern void __fsnotify_vfsmount_delete(struct vfsmount *mnt);
300 extern u32 fsnotify_get_cookie(void);
301 
302 static inline int fsnotify_inode_watches_children(struct inode *inode)
303 {
304 	/* FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD is set if the inode may care */
305 	if (!(inode->i_fsnotify_mask & FS_EVENT_ON_CHILD))
306 		return 0;
307 	/* this inode might care about child events, does it care about the
308 	 * specific set of events that can happen on a child? */
309 	return inode->i_fsnotify_mask & FS_EVENTS_POSS_ON_CHILD;
310 }
311 
312 /*
313  * Update the dentry with a flag indicating the interest of its parent to receive
314  * filesystem events when those events happens to this dentry->d_inode.
315  */
316 static inline void __fsnotify_update_dcache_flags(struct dentry *dentry)
317 {
318 	struct dentry *parent;
319 
320 	assert_spin_locked(&dcache_lock);
321 	assert_spin_locked(&dentry->d_lock);
322 
323 	parent = dentry->d_parent;
324 	if (parent->d_inode && fsnotify_inode_watches_children(parent->d_inode))
325 		dentry->d_flags |= DCACHE_FSNOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
326 	else
327 		dentry->d_flags &= ~DCACHE_FSNOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
328 }
329 
330 /*
331  * fsnotify_d_instantiate - instantiate a dentry for inode
332  * Called with dcache_lock held.
333  */
334 static inline void __fsnotify_d_instantiate(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode)
335 {
336 	if (!inode)
337 		return;
338 
339 	assert_spin_locked(&dcache_lock);
340 
341 	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
342 	__fsnotify_update_dcache_flags(dentry);
343 	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
344 }
345 
346 /* called from fsnotify listeners, such as fanotify or dnotify */
347 
348 /* get a reference to an existing or create a new group */
349 extern struct fsnotify_group *fsnotify_alloc_group(const struct fsnotify_ops *ops);
350 /* drop reference on a group from fsnotify_alloc_group */
351 extern void fsnotify_put_group(struct fsnotify_group *group);
352 
353 /* take a reference to an event */
354 extern void fsnotify_get_event(struct fsnotify_event *event);
355 extern void fsnotify_put_event(struct fsnotify_event *event);
356 /* find private data previously attached to an event and unlink it */
357 extern struct fsnotify_event_private_data *fsnotify_remove_priv_from_event(struct fsnotify_group *group,
358 									   struct fsnotify_event *event);
359 
360 /* attach the event to the group notification queue */
361 extern struct fsnotify_event *fsnotify_add_notify_event(struct fsnotify_group *group,
362 							struct fsnotify_event *event,
363 							struct fsnotify_event_private_data *priv,
364 							struct fsnotify_event *(*merge)(struct list_head *,
365 											struct fsnotify_event *));
366 /* true if the group notification queue is empty */
367 extern bool fsnotify_notify_queue_is_empty(struct fsnotify_group *group);
368 /* return, but do not dequeue the first event on the notification queue */
369 extern struct fsnotify_event *fsnotify_peek_notify_event(struct fsnotify_group *group);
370 /* return AND dequeue the first event on the notification queue */
371 extern struct fsnotify_event *fsnotify_remove_notify_event(struct fsnotify_group *group);
372 
373 /* functions used to manipulate the marks attached to inodes */
374 
375 /* run all marks associated with a vfsmount and update mnt->mnt_fsnotify_mask */
376 extern void fsnotify_recalc_vfsmount_mask(struct vfsmount *mnt);
377 /* run all marks associated with an inode and update inode->i_fsnotify_mask */
378 extern void fsnotify_recalc_inode_mask(struct inode *inode);
379 extern void fsnotify_init_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, void (*free_mark)(struct fsnotify_mark *mark));
380 /* find (and take a reference) to a mark associated with group and inode */
381 extern struct fsnotify_mark *fsnotify_find_inode_mark(struct fsnotify_group *group, struct inode *inode);
382 /* find (and take a reference) to a mark associated with group and vfsmount */
383 extern struct fsnotify_mark *fsnotify_find_vfsmount_mark(struct fsnotify_group *group, struct vfsmount *mnt);
384 /* copy the values from old into new */
385 extern void fsnotify_duplicate_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *new, struct fsnotify_mark *old);
386 /* set the ignored_mask of a mark */
387 extern void fsnotify_set_mark_ignored_mask_locked(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, __u32 mask);
388 /* set the mask of a mark (might pin the object into memory */
389 extern void fsnotify_set_mark_mask_locked(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, __u32 mask);
390 /* attach the mark to both the group and the inode */
391 extern int fsnotify_add_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, struct fsnotify_group *group,
392 			     struct inode *inode, struct vfsmount *mnt, int allow_dups);
393 /* given a mark, flag it to be freed when all references are dropped */
394 extern void fsnotify_destroy_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark);
395 /* run all the marks in a group, and clear all of the vfsmount marks */
396 extern void fsnotify_clear_vfsmount_marks_by_group(struct fsnotify_group *group);
397 /* run all the marks in a group, and clear all of the inode marks */
398 extern void fsnotify_clear_inode_marks_by_group(struct fsnotify_group *group);
399 /* run all the marks in a group, and clear all of the marks where mark->flags & flags is true*/
400 extern void fsnotify_clear_marks_by_group_flags(struct fsnotify_group *group, unsigned int flags);
401 /* run all the marks in a group, and flag them to be freed */
402 extern void fsnotify_clear_marks_by_group(struct fsnotify_group *group);
403 extern void fsnotify_get_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark);
404 extern void fsnotify_put_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark);
405 extern void fsnotify_unmount_inodes(struct list_head *list);
406 
407 /* put here because inotify does some weird stuff when destroying watches */
408 extern struct fsnotify_event *fsnotify_create_event(struct inode *to_tell, __u32 mask,
409 						    void *data, int data_is,
410 						    const unsigned char *name,
411 						    u32 cookie, gfp_t gfp);
412 
413 /* fanotify likes to change events after they are on lists... */
414 extern struct fsnotify_event *fsnotify_clone_event(struct fsnotify_event *old_event);
415 extern int fsnotify_replace_event(struct fsnotify_event_holder *old_holder,
416 				  struct fsnotify_event *new_event);
417 
418 #else
419 
420 static inline int fsnotify(struct inode *to_tell, __u32 mask, void *data, int data_is,
421 			   const unsigned char *name, u32 cookie)
422 {
423 	return 0;
424 }
425 
426 static inline void __fsnotify_parent(struct path *path, struct dentry *dentry, __u32 mask)
427 {}
428 
429 static inline void __fsnotify_inode_delete(struct inode *inode)
430 {}
431 
432 static inline void __fsnotify_vfsmount_delete(struct vfsmount *mnt)
433 {}
434 
435 static inline void __fsnotify_update_dcache_flags(struct dentry *dentry)
436 {}
437 
438 static inline void __fsnotify_d_instantiate(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode)
439 {}
440 
441 static inline u32 fsnotify_get_cookie(void)
442 {
443 	return 0;
444 }
445 
446 static inline void fsnotify_unmount_inodes(struct list_head *list)
447 {}
448 
449 #endif	/* CONFIG_FSNOTIFY */
450 
451 #endif	/* __KERNEL __ */
452 
453 #endif	/* __LINUX_FSNOTIFY_BACKEND_H */
454