xref: /linux-6.15/include/linux/dcache.h (revision 9376ff9b)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef __LINUX_DCACHE_H
3 #define __LINUX_DCACHE_H
4 
5 #include <linux/atomic.h>
6 #include <linux/list.h>
7 #include <linux/rculist.h>
8 #include <linux/rculist_bl.h>
9 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
10 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
11 #include <linux/cache.h>
12 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
13 #include <linux/lockref.h>
14 #include <linux/stringhash.h>
15 #include <linux/wait.h>
16 
17 struct path;
18 struct vfsmount;
19 
20 /*
21  * linux/include/linux/dcache.h
22  *
23  * Dirent cache data structures
24  *
25  * (C) Copyright 1997 Thomas Schoebel-Theuer,
26  * with heavy changes by Linus Torvalds
27  */
28 
29 #define IS_ROOT(x) ((x) == (x)->d_parent)
30 
31 /* The hash is always the low bits of hash_len */
32 #ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
33  #define HASH_LEN_DECLARE u32 hash; u32 len
34  #define bytemask_from_count(cnt)	(~(~0ul << (cnt)*8))
35 #else
36  #define HASH_LEN_DECLARE u32 len; u32 hash
37  #define bytemask_from_count(cnt)	(~(~0ul >> (cnt)*8))
38 #endif
39 
40 /*
41  * "quick string" -- eases parameter passing, but more importantly
42  * saves "metadata" about the string (ie length and the hash).
43  *
44  * hash comes first so it snuggles against d_parent in the
45  * dentry.
46  */
47 struct qstr {
48 	union {
49 		struct {
50 			HASH_LEN_DECLARE;
51 		};
52 		u64 hash_len;
53 	};
54 	const unsigned char *name;
55 };
56 
57 #define QSTR_INIT(n,l) { { { .len = l } }, .name = n }
58 
59 extern const struct qstr empty_name;
60 extern const struct qstr slash_name;
61 
62 struct dentry_stat_t {
63 	long nr_dentry;
64 	long nr_unused;
65 	long age_limit;          /* age in seconds */
66 	long want_pages;         /* pages requested by system */
67 	long dummy[2];
68 };
69 extern struct dentry_stat_t dentry_stat;
70 
71 /*
72  * Try to keep struct dentry aligned on 64 byte cachelines (this will
73  * give reasonable cacheline footprint with larger lines without the
74  * large memory footprint increase).
75  */
76 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
77 # define DNAME_INLINE_LEN 32 /* 192 bytes */
78 #else
79 # ifdef CONFIG_SMP
80 #  define DNAME_INLINE_LEN 36 /* 128 bytes */
81 # else
82 #  define DNAME_INLINE_LEN 40 /* 128 bytes */
83 # endif
84 #endif
85 
86 #define d_lock	d_lockref.lock
87 
88 struct dentry {
89 	/* RCU lookup touched fields */
90 	unsigned int d_flags;		/* protected by d_lock */
91 	seqcount_t d_seq;		/* per dentry seqlock */
92 	struct hlist_bl_node d_hash;	/* lookup hash list */
93 	struct dentry *d_parent;	/* parent directory */
94 	struct qstr d_name;
95 	struct inode *d_inode;		/* Where the name belongs to - NULL is
96 					 * negative */
97 	unsigned char d_iname[DNAME_INLINE_LEN];	/* small names */
98 
99 	/* Ref lookup also touches following */
100 	struct lockref d_lockref;	/* per-dentry lock and refcount */
101 	const struct dentry_operations *d_op;
102 	struct super_block *d_sb;	/* The root of the dentry tree */
103 	unsigned long d_time;		/* used by d_revalidate */
104 	void *d_fsdata;			/* fs-specific data */
105 
106 	union {
107 		struct list_head d_lru;		/* LRU list */
108 		wait_queue_head_t *d_wait;	/* in-lookup ones only */
109 	};
110 	struct list_head d_child;	/* child of parent list */
111 	struct list_head d_subdirs;	/* our children */
112 	/*
113 	 * d_alias and d_rcu can share memory
114 	 */
115 	union {
116 		struct hlist_node d_alias;	/* inode alias list */
117 		struct hlist_bl_node d_in_lookup_hash;	/* only for in-lookup ones */
118 	 	struct rcu_head d_rcu;
119 	} d_u;
120 } __randomize_layout;
121 
122 /*
123  * dentry->d_lock spinlock nesting subclasses:
124  *
125  * 0: normal
126  * 1: nested
127  */
128 enum dentry_d_lock_class
129 {
130 	DENTRY_D_LOCK_NORMAL, /* implicitly used by plain spin_lock() APIs. */
131 	DENTRY_D_LOCK_NESTED
132 };
133 
134 struct dentry_operations {
135 	int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
136 	int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
137 	int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
138 	int (*d_compare)(const struct dentry *,
139 			unsigned int, const char *, const struct qstr *);
140 	int (*d_delete)(const struct dentry *);
141 	int (*d_init)(struct dentry *);
142 	void (*d_release)(struct dentry *);
143 	void (*d_prune)(struct dentry *);
144 	void (*d_iput)(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
145 	char *(*d_dname)(struct dentry *, char *, int);
146 	struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *);
147 	int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
148 	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *,
149 				 unsigned int, unsigned int);
150 } ____cacheline_aligned;
151 
152 /*
153  * Locking rules for dentry_operations callbacks are to be found in
154  * Documentation/filesystems/Locking. Keep it updated!
155  *
156  * FUrther descriptions are found in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt.
157  * Keep it updated too!
158  */
159 
160 /* d_flags entries */
161 #define DCACHE_OP_HASH			0x00000001
162 #define DCACHE_OP_COMPARE		0x00000002
163 #define DCACHE_OP_REVALIDATE		0x00000004
164 #define DCACHE_OP_DELETE		0x00000008
165 #define DCACHE_OP_PRUNE			0x00000010
166 
167 #define	DCACHE_DISCONNECTED		0x00000020
168      /* This dentry is possibly not currently connected to the dcache tree, in
169       * which case its parent will either be itself, or will have this flag as
170       * well.  nfsd will not use a dentry with this bit set, but will first
171       * endeavour to clear the bit either by discovering that it is connected,
172       * or by performing lookup operations.   Any filesystem which supports
173       * nfsd_operations MUST have a lookup function which, if it finds a
174       * directory inode with a DCACHE_DISCONNECTED dentry, will d_move that
175       * dentry into place and return that dentry rather than the passed one,
176       * typically using d_splice_alias. */
177 
178 #define DCACHE_REFERENCED		0x00000040 /* Recently used, don't discard. */
179 #define DCACHE_RCUACCESS		0x00000080 /* Entry has ever been RCU-visible */
180 
181 #define DCACHE_CANT_MOUNT		0x00000100
182 #define DCACHE_GENOCIDE			0x00000200
183 #define DCACHE_SHRINK_LIST		0x00000400
184 
185 #define DCACHE_OP_WEAK_REVALIDATE	0x00000800
186 
187 #define DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED		0x00001000
188      /* this dentry has been "silly renamed" and has to be deleted on the last
189       * dput() */
190 #define DCACHE_COOKIE			0x00002000 /* For use by dcookie subsystem */
191 #define DCACHE_FSNOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED	0x00004000
192      /* Parent inode is watched by some fsnotify listener */
193 
194 #define DCACHE_DENTRY_KILLED		0x00008000
195 
196 #define DCACHE_MOUNTED			0x00010000 /* is a mountpoint */
197 #define DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT		0x00020000 /* handle automount on this dir */
198 #define DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT		0x00040000 /* manage transit from this dirent */
199 #define DCACHE_MANAGED_DENTRY \
200 	(DCACHE_MOUNTED|DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT|DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT)
201 
202 #define DCACHE_LRU_LIST			0x00080000
203 
204 #define DCACHE_ENTRY_TYPE		0x00700000
205 #define DCACHE_MISS_TYPE		0x00000000 /* Negative dentry (maybe fallthru to nowhere) */
206 #define DCACHE_WHITEOUT_TYPE		0x00100000 /* Whiteout dentry (stop pathwalk) */
207 #define DCACHE_DIRECTORY_TYPE		0x00200000 /* Normal directory */
208 #define DCACHE_AUTODIR_TYPE		0x00300000 /* Lookupless directory (presumed automount) */
209 #define DCACHE_REGULAR_TYPE		0x00400000 /* Regular file type (or fallthru to such) */
210 #define DCACHE_SPECIAL_TYPE		0x00500000 /* Other file type (or fallthru to such) */
211 #define DCACHE_SYMLINK_TYPE		0x00600000 /* Symlink (or fallthru to such) */
212 
213 #define DCACHE_MAY_FREE			0x00800000
214 #define DCACHE_FALLTHRU			0x01000000 /* Fall through to lower layer */
215 #define DCACHE_ENCRYPTED_WITH_KEY	0x02000000 /* dir is encrypted with a valid key */
216 #define DCACHE_OP_REAL			0x04000000
217 
218 #define DCACHE_PAR_LOOKUP		0x10000000 /* being looked up (with parent locked shared) */
219 #define DCACHE_DENTRY_CURSOR		0x20000000
220 
221 extern seqlock_t rename_lock;
222 
223 /*
224  * These are the low-level FS interfaces to the dcache..
225  */
226 extern void d_instantiate(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
227 extern struct dentry * d_instantiate_unique(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
228 extern struct dentry * d_instantiate_anon(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
229 extern int d_instantiate_no_diralias(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
230 extern void __d_drop(struct dentry *dentry);
231 extern void d_drop(struct dentry *dentry);
232 extern void d_delete(struct dentry *);
233 extern void d_set_d_op(struct dentry *dentry, const struct dentry_operations *op);
234 
235 /* allocate/de-allocate */
236 extern struct dentry * d_alloc(struct dentry *, const struct qstr *);
237 extern struct dentry * d_alloc_anon(struct super_block *);
238 extern struct dentry * d_alloc_pseudo(struct super_block *, const struct qstr *);
239 extern struct dentry * d_alloc_parallel(struct dentry *, const struct qstr *,
240 					wait_queue_head_t *);
241 extern struct dentry * d_splice_alias(struct inode *, struct dentry *);
242 extern struct dentry * d_add_ci(struct dentry *, struct inode *, struct qstr *);
243 extern struct dentry * d_exact_alias(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
244 extern struct dentry *d_find_any_alias(struct inode *inode);
245 extern struct dentry * d_obtain_alias(struct inode *);
246 extern struct dentry * d_obtain_root(struct inode *);
247 extern void shrink_dcache_sb(struct super_block *);
248 extern void shrink_dcache_parent(struct dentry *);
249 extern void shrink_dcache_for_umount(struct super_block *);
250 extern void d_invalidate(struct dentry *);
251 
252 /* only used at mount-time */
253 extern struct dentry * d_make_root(struct inode *);
254 
255 /* <clickety>-<click> the ramfs-type tree */
256 extern void d_genocide(struct dentry *);
257 
258 extern void d_tmpfile(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
259 
260 extern struct dentry *d_find_alias(struct inode *);
261 extern void d_prune_aliases(struct inode *);
262 
263 /* test whether we have any submounts in a subdir tree */
264 extern int path_has_submounts(const struct path *);
265 
266 /*
267  * This adds the entry to the hash queues.
268  */
269 extern void d_rehash(struct dentry *);
270 
271 extern void d_add(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
272 
273 extern void dentry_update_name_case(struct dentry *, const struct qstr *);
274 
275 /* used for rename() and baskets */
276 extern void d_move(struct dentry *, struct dentry *);
277 extern void d_exchange(struct dentry *, struct dentry *);
278 extern struct dentry *d_ancestor(struct dentry *, struct dentry *);
279 
280 /* appendix may either be NULL or be used for transname suffixes */
281 extern struct dentry *d_lookup(const struct dentry *, const struct qstr *);
282 extern struct dentry *d_hash_and_lookup(struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
283 extern struct dentry *__d_lookup(const struct dentry *, const struct qstr *);
284 extern struct dentry *__d_lookup_rcu(const struct dentry *parent,
285 				const struct qstr *name, unsigned *seq);
286 
287 static inline unsigned d_count(const struct dentry *dentry)
288 {
289 	return dentry->d_lockref.count;
290 }
291 
292 /*
293  * helper function for dentry_operations.d_dname() members
294  */
295 extern __printf(4, 5)
296 char *dynamic_dname(struct dentry *, char *, int, const char *, ...);
297 extern char *simple_dname(struct dentry *, char *, int);
298 
299 extern char *__d_path(const struct path *, const struct path *, char *, int);
300 extern char *d_absolute_path(const struct path *, char *, int);
301 extern char *d_path(const struct path *, char *, int);
302 extern char *dentry_path_raw(struct dentry *, char *, int);
303 extern char *dentry_path(struct dentry *, char *, int);
304 
305 /* Allocation counts.. */
306 
307 /**
308  *	dget, dget_dlock -	get a reference to a dentry
309  *	@dentry: dentry to get a reference to
310  *
311  *	Given a dentry or %NULL pointer increment the reference count
312  *	if appropriate and return the dentry. A dentry will not be
313  *	destroyed when it has references.
314  */
315 static inline struct dentry *dget_dlock(struct dentry *dentry)
316 {
317 	if (dentry)
318 		dentry->d_lockref.count++;
319 	return dentry;
320 }
321 
322 static inline struct dentry *dget(struct dentry *dentry)
323 {
324 	if (dentry)
325 		lockref_get(&dentry->d_lockref);
326 	return dentry;
327 }
328 
329 extern struct dentry *dget_parent(struct dentry *dentry);
330 
331 /**
332  *	d_unhashed -	is dentry hashed
333  *	@dentry: entry to check
334  *
335  *	Returns true if the dentry passed is not currently hashed.
336  */
337 
338 static inline int d_unhashed(const struct dentry *dentry)
339 {
340 	return hlist_bl_unhashed(&dentry->d_hash);
341 }
342 
343 static inline int d_unlinked(const struct dentry *dentry)
344 {
345 	return d_unhashed(dentry) && !IS_ROOT(dentry);
346 }
347 
348 static inline int cant_mount(const struct dentry *dentry)
349 {
350 	return (dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_CANT_MOUNT);
351 }
352 
353 static inline void dont_mount(struct dentry *dentry)
354 {
355 	spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
356 	dentry->d_flags |= DCACHE_CANT_MOUNT;
357 	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
358 }
359 
360 extern void __d_lookup_done(struct dentry *);
361 
362 static inline int d_in_lookup(const struct dentry *dentry)
363 {
364 	return dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_PAR_LOOKUP;
365 }
366 
367 static inline void d_lookup_done(struct dentry *dentry)
368 {
369 	if (unlikely(d_in_lookup(dentry))) {
370 		spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
371 		__d_lookup_done(dentry);
372 		spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
373 	}
374 }
375 
376 extern void dput(struct dentry *);
377 
378 static inline bool d_managed(const struct dentry *dentry)
379 {
380 	return dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_MANAGED_DENTRY;
381 }
382 
383 static inline bool d_mountpoint(const struct dentry *dentry)
384 {
385 	return dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_MOUNTED;
386 }
387 
388 /*
389  * Directory cache entry type accessor functions.
390  */
391 static inline unsigned __d_entry_type(const struct dentry *dentry)
392 {
393 	return dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_ENTRY_TYPE;
394 }
395 
396 static inline bool d_is_miss(const struct dentry *dentry)
397 {
398 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_MISS_TYPE;
399 }
400 
401 static inline bool d_is_whiteout(const struct dentry *dentry)
402 {
403 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_WHITEOUT_TYPE;
404 }
405 
406 static inline bool d_can_lookup(const struct dentry *dentry)
407 {
408 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_DIRECTORY_TYPE;
409 }
410 
411 static inline bool d_is_autodir(const struct dentry *dentry)
412 {
413 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_AUTODIR_TYPE;
414 }
415 
416 static inline bool d_is_dir(const struct dentry *dentry)
417 {
418 	return d_can_lookup(dentry) || d_is_autodir(dentry);
419 }
420 
421 static inline bool d_is_symlink(const struct dentry *dentry)
422 {
423 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_SYMLINK_TYPE;
424 }
425 
426 static inline bool d_is_reg(const struct dentry *dentry)
427 {
428 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_REGULAR_TYPE;
429 }
430 
431 static inline bool d_is_special(const struct dentry *dentry)
432 {
433 	return __d_entry_type(dentry) == DCACHE_SPECIAL_TYPE;
434 }
435 
436 static inline bool d_is_file(const struct dentry *dentry)
437 {
438 	return d_is_reg(dentry) || d_is_special(dentry);
439 }
440 
441 static inline bool d_is_negative(const struct dentry *dentry)
442 {
443 	// TODO: check d_is_whiteout(dentry) also.
444 	return d_is_miss(dentry);
445 }
446 
447 static inline bool d_is_positive(const struct dentry *dentry)
448 {
449 	return !d_is_negative(dentry);
450 }
451 
452 /**
453  * d_really_is_negative - Determine if a dentry is really negative (ignoring fallthroughs)
454  * @dentry: The dentry in question
455  *
456  * Returns true if the dentry represents either an absent name or a name that
457  * doesn't map to an inode (ie. ->d_inode is NULL).  The dentry could represent
458  * a true miss, a whiteout that isn't represented by a 0,0 chardev or a
459  * fallthrough marker in an opaque directory.
460  *
461  * Note!  (1) This should be used *only* by a filesystem to examine its own
462  * dentries.  It should not be used to look at some other filesystem's
463  * dentries.  (2) It should also be used in combination with d_inode() to get
464  * the inode.  (3) The dentry may have something attached to ->d_lower and the
465  * type field of the flags may be set to something other than miss or whiteout.
466  */
467 static inline bool d_really_is_negative(const struct dentry *dentry)
468 {
469 	return dentry->d_inode == NULL;
470 }
471 
472 /**
473  * d_really_is_positive - Determine if a dentry is really positive (ignoring fallthroughs)
474  * @dentry: The dentry in question
475  *
476  * Returns true if the dentry represents a name that maps to an inode
477  * (ie. ->d_inode is not NULL).  The dentry might still represent a whiteout if
478  * that is represented on medium as a 0,0 chardev.
479  *
480  * Note!  (1) This should be used *only* by a filesystem to examine its own
481  * dentries.  It should not be used to look at some other filesystem's
482  * dentries.  (2) It should also be used in combination with d_inode() to get
483  * the inode.
484  */
485 static inline bool d_really_is_positive(const struct dentry *dentry)
486 {
487 	return dentry->d_inode != NULL;
488 }
489 
490 static inline int simple_positive(const struct dentry *dentry)
491 {
492 	return d_really_is_positive(dentry) && !d_unhashed(dentry);
493 }
494 
495 extern void d_set_fallthru(struct dentry *dentry);
496 
497 static inline bool d_is_fallthru(const struct dentry *dentry)
498 {
499 	return dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_FALLTHRU;
500 }
501 
502 
503 extern int sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure;
504 
505 static inline unsigned long vfs_pressure_ratio(unsigned long val)
506 {
507 	return mult_frac(val, sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure, 100);
508 }
509 
510 /**
511  * d_inode - Get the actual inode of this dentry
512  * @dentry: The dentry to query
513  *
514  * This is the helper normal filesystems should use to get at their own inodes
515  * in their own dentries and ignore the layering superimposed upon them.
516  */
517 static inline struct inode *d_inode(const struct dentry *dentry)
518 {
519 	return dentry->d_inode;
520 }
521 
522 /**
523  * d_inode_rcu - Get the actual inode of this dentry with READ_ONCE()
524  * @dentry: The dentry to query
525  *
526  * This is the helper normal filesystems should use to get at their own inodes
527  * in their own dentries and ignore the layering superimposed upon them.
528  */
529 static inline struct inode *d_inode_rcu(const struct dentry *dentry)
530 {
531 	return READ_ONCE(dentry->d_inode);
532 }
533 
534 /**
535  * d_backing_inode - Get upper or lower inode we should be using
536  * @upper: The upper layer
537  *
538  * This is the helper that should be used to get at the inode that will be used
539  * if this dentry were to be opened as a file.  The inode may be on the upper
540  * dentry or it may be on a lower dentry pinned by the upper.
541  *
542  * Normal filesystems should not use this to access their own inodes.
543  */
544 static inline struct inode *d_backing_inode(const struct dentry *upper)
545 {
546 	struct inode *inode = upper->d_inode;
547 
548 	return inode;
549 }
550 
551 /**
552  * d_backing_dentry - Get upper or lower dentry we should be using
553  * @upper: The upper layer
554  *
555  * This is the helper that should be used to get the dentry of the inode that
556  * will be used if this dentry were opened as a file.  It may be the upper
557  * dentry or it may be a lower dentry pinned by the upper.
558  *
559  * Normal filesystems should not use this to access their own dentries.
560  */
561 static inline struct dentry *d_backing_dentry(struct dentry *upper)
562 {
563 	return upper;
564 }
565 
566 /* d_real() flags */
567 #define D_REAL_UPPER	0x2	/* return upper dentry or NULL if non-upper */
568 
569 /**
570  * d_real - Return the real dentry
571  * @dentry: the dentry to query
572  * @inode: inode to select the dentry from multiple layers (can be NULL)
573  * @open_flags: open flags to control copy-up behavior
574  * @flags: flags to control what is returned by this function
575  *
576  * If dentry is on a union/overlay, then return the underlying, real dentry.
577  * Otherwise return the dentry itself.
578  *
579  * See also: Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
580  */
581 static inline struct dentry *d_real(struct dentry *dentry,
582 				    const struct inode *inode,
583 				    unsigned int open_flags, unsigned int flags)
584 {
585 	if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_REAL))
586 		return dentry->d_op->d_real(dentry, inode, open_flags, flags);
587 	else
588 		return dentry;
589 }
590 
591 /**
592  * d_real_inode - Return the real inode
593  * @dentry: The dentry to query
594  *
595  * If dentry is on a union/overlay, then return the underlying, real inode.
596  * Otherwise return d_inode().
597  */
598 static inline struct inode *d_real_inode(const struct dentry *dentry)
599 {
600 	/* This usage of d_real() results in const dentry */
601 	return d_backing_inode(d_real((struct dentry *) dentry, NULL, 0, 0));
602 }
603 
604 struct name_snapshot {
605 	const unsigned char *name;
606 	unsigned char inline_name[DNAME_INLINE_LEN];
607 };
608 void take_dentry_name_snapshot(struct name_snapshot *, struct dentry *);
609 void release_dentry_name_snapshot(struct name_snapshot *);
610 
611 #endif	/* __LINUX_DCACHE_H */
612