xref: /linux-6.15/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c (revision c2518da8)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include "bcachefs.h"
3 #include "bbpos.h"
4 #include "alloc_background.h"
5 #include "backpointers.h"
6 #include "bkey_buf.h"
7 #include "btree_cache.h"
8 #include "btree_update.h"
9 #include "btree_update_interior.h"
10 #include "btree_write_buffer.h"
11 #include "error.h"
12 
13 #include <linux/mm.h>
14 
15 static bool extent_matches_bp(struct bch_fs *c,
16 			      enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
17 			      struct bkey_s_c k,
18 			      struct bpos bucket,
19 			      struct bch_backpointer bp)
20 {
21 	struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
22 	const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
23 	struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
24 
25 	bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k.k, ptrs, p, entry) {
26 		struct bpos bucket2;
27 		struct bch_backpointer bp2;
28 
29 		if (p.ptr.cached)
30 			continue;
31 
32 		bch2_extent_ptr_to_bp(c, btree_id, level, k, p,
33 				      &bucket2, &bp2);
34 		if (bpos_eq(bucket, bucket2) &&
35 		    !memcmp(&bp, &bp2, sizeof(bp)))
36 			return true;
37 	}
38 
39 	return false;
40 }
41 
42 int bch2_backpointer_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
43 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
44 			     struct printbuf *err)
45 {
46 	struct bkey_s_c_backpointer bp = bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k);
47 	struct bpos bucket = bp_pos_to_bucket(c, bp.k->p);
48 	int ret = 0;
49 
50 	bkey_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(bp.k->p, bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, bp.v->bucket_offset)),
51 			 c, err,
52 			 backpointer_pos_wrong,
53 			 "backpointer at wrong pos");
54 fsck_err:
55 	return ret;
56 }
57 
58 void bch2_backpointer_to_text(struct printbuf *out, const struct bch_backpointer *bp)
59 {
60 	prt_printf(out, "btree=%s l=%u offset=%llu:%u len=%u pos=",
61 	       bch2_btree_id_str(bp->btree_id),
62 	       bp->level,
63 	       (u64) (bp->bucket_offset >> MAX_EXTENT_COMPRESS_RATIO_SHIFT),
64 	       (u32) bp->bucket_offset & ~(~0U << MAX_EXTENT_COMPRESS_RATIO_SHIFT),
65 	       bp->bucket_len);
66 	bch2_bpos_to_text(out, bp->pos);
67 }
68 
69 void bch2_backpointer_k_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
70 {
71 	prt_str(out, "bucket=");
72 	bch2_bpos_to_text(out, bp_pos_to_bucket(c, k.k->p));
73 	prt_str(out, " ");
74 
75 	bch2_backpointer_to_text(out, bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k).v);
76 }
77 
78 void bch2_backpointer_swab(struct bkey_s k)
79 {
80 	struct bkey_s_backpointer bp = bkey_s_to_backpointer(k);
81 
82 	bp.v->bucket_offset	= swab40(bp.v->bucket_offset);
83 	bp.v->bucket_len	= swab32(bp.v->bucket_len);
84 	bch2_bpos_swab(&bp.v->pos);
85 }
86 
87 static noinline int backpointer_mod_err(struct btree_trans *trans,
88 					struct bch_backpointer bp,
89 					struct bkey_s_c bp_k,
90 					struct bkey_s_c orig_k,
91 					bool insert)
92 {
93 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
94 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
95 
96 	if (insert) {
97 		prt_printf(&buf, "existing backpointer found when inserting ");
98 		bch2_backpointer_to_text(&buf, &bp);
99 		prt_newline(&buf);
100 		printbuf_indent_add(&buf, 2);
101 
102 		prt_printf(&buf, "found ");
103 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bp_k);
104 		prt_newline(&buf);
105 
106 		prt_printf(&buf, "for ");
107 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, orig_k);
108 
109 		bch_err(c, "%s", buf.buf);
110 	} else if (c->curr_recovery_pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_extents_to_backpointers) {
111 		prt_printf(&buf, "backpointer not found when deleting");
112 		prt_newline(&buf);
113 		printbuf_indent_add(&buf, 2);
114 
115 		prt_printf(&buf, "searching for ");
116 		bch2_backpointer_to_text(&buf, &bp);
117 		prt_newline(&buf);
118 
119 		prt_printf(&buf, "got ");
120 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bp_k);
121 		prt_newline(&buf);
122 
123 		prt_printf(&buf, "for ");
124 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, orig_k);
125 
126 		bch_err(c, "%s", buf.buf);
127 	}
128 
129 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
130 
131 	if (c->curr_recovery_pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_extents_to_backpointers) {
132 		bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
133 		return -EIO;
134 	} else {
135 		return 0;
136 	}
137 }
138 
139 int bch2_bucket_backpointer_mod_nowritebuffer(struct btree_trans *trans,
140 				struct bpos bucket,
141 				struct bch_backpointer bp,
142 				struct bkey_s_c orig_k,
143 				bool insert)
144 {
145 	struct btree_iter bp_iter;
146 	struct bkey_s_c k;
147 	struct bkey_i_backpointer *bp_k;
148 	int ret;
149 
150 	bp_k = bch2_trans_kmalloc_nomemzero(trans, sizeof(struct bkey_i_backpointer));
151 	ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(bp_k);
152 	if (ret)
153 		return ret;
154 
155 	bkey_backpointer_init(&bp_k->k_i);
156 	bp_k->k.p = bucket_pos_to_bp(trans->c, bucket, bp.bucket_offset);
157 	bp_k->v = bp;
158 
159 	if (!insert) {
160 		bp_k->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
161 		set_bkey_val_u64s(&bp_k->k, 0);
162 	}
163 
164 	k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &bp_iter, BTREE_ID_backpointers,
165 			       bp_k->k.p,
166 			       BTREE_ITER_INTENT|
167 			       BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|
168 			       BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES);
169 	ret = bkey_err(k);
170 	if (ret)
171 		goto err;
172 
173 	if (insert
174 	    ? k.k->type
175 	    : (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_backpointer ||
176 	       memcmp(bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k).v, &bp, sizeof(bp)))) {
177 		ret = backpointer_mod_err(trans, bp, k, orig_k, insert);
178 		if (ret)
179 			goto err;
180 	}
181 
182 	ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &bp_iter, &bp_k->k_i, 0);
183 err:
184 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &bp_iter);
185 	return ret;
186 }
187 
188 /*
189  * Find the next backpointer >= *bp_offset:
190  */
191 int bch2_get_next_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
192 			      struct bpos bucket, int gen,
193 			      struct bpos *bp_pos,
194 			      struct bch_backpointer *bp,
195 			      unsigned iter_flags)
196 {
197 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
198 	struct bpos bp_end_pos = bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bpos_nosnap_successor(bucket), 0);
199 	struct btree_iter alloc_iter = { NULL }, bp_iter = { NULL };
200 	struct bkey_s_c k;
201 	int ret = 0;
202 
203 	if (bpos_ge(*bp_pos, bp_end_pos))
204 		goto done;
205 
206 	if (gen >= 0) {
207 		k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &alloc_iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
208 				       bucket, BTREE_ITER_CACHED|iter_flags);
209 		ret = bkey_err(k);
210 		if (ret)
211 			goto out;
212 
213 		if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_alloc_v4 ||
214 		    bkey_s_c_to_alloc_v4(k).v->gen != gen)
215 			goto done;
216 	}
217 
218 	*bp_pos = bpos_max(*bp_pos, bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, 0));
219 
220 	for_each_btree_key_norestart(trans, bp_iter, BTREE_ID_backpointers,
221 				     *bp_pos, iter_flags, k, ret) {
222 		if (bpos_ge(k.k->p, bp_end_pos))
223 			break;
224 
225 		*bp_pos = k.k->p;
226 		*bp = *bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k).v;
227 		goto out;
228 	}
229 done:
230 	*bp_pos = SPOS_MAX;
231 out:
232 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &bp_iter);
233 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &alloc_iter);
234 	return ret;
235 }
236 
237 static void backpointer_not_found(struct btree_trans *trans,
238 				  struct bpos bp_pos,
239 				  struct bch_backpointer bp,
240 				  struct bkey_s_c k)
241 {
242 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
243 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
244 	struct bpos bucket = bp_pos_to_bucket(c, bp_pos);
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * If we're using the btree write buffer, the backpointer we were
248 	 * looking at may have already been deleted - failure to find what it
249 	 * pointed to is not an error:
250 	 */
251 	if (likely(!bch2_backpointers_no_use_write_buffer))
252 		return;
253 
254 	prt_printf(&buf, "backpointer doesn't match %s it points to:\n  ",
255 		   bp.level ? "btree node" : "extent");
256 	prt_printf(&buf, "bucket: ");
257 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, bucket);
258 	prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
259 
260 	prt_printf(&buf, "backpointer pos: ");
261 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, bp_pos);
262 	prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
263 
264 	bch2_backpointer_to_text(&buf, &bp);
265 	prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
266 	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
267 	if (c->curr_recovery_pass >= BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_extents_to_backpointers)
268 		bch_err_ratelimited(c, "%s", buf.buf);
269 	else
270 		bch2_trans_inconsistent(trans, "%s", buf.buf);
271 
272 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
273 }
274 
275 struct bkey_s_c bch2_backpointer_get_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
276 					 struct btree_iter *iter,
277 					 struct bpos bp_pos,
278 					 struct bch_backpointer bp,
279 					 unsigned iter_flags)
280 {
281 	if (likely(!bp.level)) {
282 		struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
283 		struct bpos bucket = bp_pos_to_bucket(c, bp_pos);
284 		struct bkey_s_c k;
285 
286 		bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, iter,
287 					  bp.btree_id,
288 					  bp.pos,
289 					  0, 0,
290 					  iter_flags);
291 		k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
292 		if (bkey_err(k)) {
293 			bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
294 			return k;
295 		}
296 
297 		if (k.k && extent_matches_bp(c, bp.btree_id, bp.level, k, bucket, bp))
298 			return k;
299 
300 		bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
301 		backpointer_not_found(trans, bp_pos, bp, k);
302 		return bkey_s_c_null;
303 	} else {
304 		struct btree *b = bch2_backpointer_get_node(trans, iter, bp_pos, bp);
305 
306 		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(b)) {
307 			bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
308 			return IS_ERR(b) ? bkey_s_c_err(PTR_ERR(b)) : bkey_s_c_null;
309 		}
310 		return bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
311 	}
312 }
313 
314 struct btree *bch2_backpointer_get_node(struct btree_trans *trans,
315 					struct btree_iter *iter,
316 					struct bpos bp_pos,
317 					struct bch_backpointer bp)
318 {
319 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
320 	struct bpos bucket = bp_pos_to_bucket(c, bp_pos);
321 	struct btree *b;
322 
323 	BUG_ON(!bp.level);
324 
325 	bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, iter,
326 				  bp.btree_id,
327 				  bp.pos,
328 				  0,
329 				  bp.level - 1,
330 				  0);
331 	b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(iter);
332 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(b))
333 		goto err;
334 
335 	BUG_ON(b->c.level != bp.level - 1);
336 
337 	if (extent_matches_bp(c, bp.btree_id, bp.level,
338 			      bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key),
339 			      bucket, bp))
340 		return b;
341 
342 	if (btree_node_will_make_reachable(b)) {
343 		b = ERR_PTR(-BCH_ERR_backpointer_to_overwritten_btree_node);
344 	} else {
345 		backpointer_not_found(trans, bp_pos, bp, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
346 		b = NULL;
347 	}
348 err:
349 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
350 	return b;
351 }
352 
353 static int bch2_check_btree_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *bp_iter,
354 					struct bkey_s_c k)
355 {
356 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
357 	struct btree_iter alloc_iter = { NULL };
358 	struct bkey_s_c alloc_k;
359 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
360 	int ret = 0;
361 
362 	if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_dev_exists2(c, k.k->p.inode), c,
363 			backpointer_to_missing_device,
364 			"backpointer for missing device:\n%s",
365 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
366 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, bp_iter, 0);
367 		goto out;
368 	}
369 
370 	alloc_k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &alloc_iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
371 				     bp_pos_to_bucket(c, k.k->p), 0);
372 	ret = bkey_err(alloc_k);
373 	if (ret)
374 		goto out;
375 
376 	if (fsck_err_on(alloc_k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_alloc_v4, c,
377 			backpointer_to_missing_alloc,
378 			"backpointer for nonexistent alloc key: %llu:%llu:0\n%s",
379 			alloc_iter.pos.inode, alloc_iter.pos.offset,
380 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, alloc_k), buf.buf))) {
381 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, bp_iter, 0);
382 		goto out;
383 	}
384 out:
385 fsck_err:
386 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &alloc_iter);
387 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
388 	return ret;
389 }
390 
391 /* verify that every backpointer has a corresponding alloc key */
392 int bch2_check_btree_backpointers(struct bch_fs *c)
393 {
394 	int ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
395 		for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter,
396 			BTREE_ID_backpointers, POS_MIN, 0, k,
397 			NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
398 		  bch2_check_btree_backpointer(trans, &iter, k)));
399 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
400 	return ret;
401 }
402 
403 static int check_bp_exists(struct btree_trans *trans,
404 			   struct bpos bucket,
405 			   struct bch_backpointer bp,
406 			   struct bkey_s_c orig_k,
407 			   struct bpos bucket_start,
408 			   struct bpos bucket_end,
409 			   struct bkey_buf *last_flushed)
410 {
411 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
412 	struct btree_iter bp_iter = { NULL };
413 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
414 	struct bkey_s_c bp_k;
415 	struct bkey_buf tmp;
416 	int ret;
417 
418 	bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
419 
420 	if (bpos_lt(bucket, bucket_start) ||
421 	    bpos_gt(bucket, bucket_end))
422 		return 0;
423 
424 	if (!bch2_dev_bucket_exists(c, bucket))
425 		goto missing;
426 
427 	bp_k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &bp_iter, BTREE_ID_backpointers,
428 				  bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, bp.bucket_offset),
429 				  0);
430 	ret = bkey_err(bp_k);
431 	if (ret)
432 		goto err;
433 
434 	if (bp_k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_backpointer ||
435 	    memcmp(bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(bp_k).v, &bp, sizeof(bp))) {
436 		if (!bpos_eq(orig_k.k->p, last_flushed->k->k.p) ||
437 		    bkey_bytes(orig_k.k) != bkey_bytes(&last_flushed->k->k) ||
438 		    memcmp(orig_k.v, &last_flushed->k->v, bkey_val_bytes(orig_k.k))) {
439 			bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&tmp, c, orig_k);
440 
441 			if (bp.level) {
442 				bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
443 				bch2_btree_interior_updates_flush(c);
444 			}
445 
446 			ret = bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_sync(trans);
447 			if (ret)
448 				goto err;
449 
450 			bch2_bkey_buf_copy(last_flushed, c, tmp.k);
451 			ret = -BCH_ERR_transaction_restart_write_buffer_flush;
452 			goto out;
453 		}
454 		goto missing;
455 	}
456 out:
457 err:
458 fsck_err:
459 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &bp_iter);
460 	bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
461 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
462 	return ret;
463 missing:
464 	prt_printf(&buf, "missing backpointer for btree=%s l=%u ",
465 	       bch2_btree_id_str(bp.btree_id), bp.level);
466 	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, orig_k);
467 	prt_printf(&buf, "\nbp pos ");
468 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, bp_iter.pos);
469 
470 	if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
471 	    fsck_err(c, ptr_to_missing_backpointer, "%s", buf.buf))
472 		ret = bch2_bucket_backpointer_mod(trans, bucket, bp, orig_k, true);
473 
474 	goto out;
475 }
476 
477 static int check_extent_to_backpointers(struct btree_trans *trans,
478 					enum btree_id btree, unsigned level,
479 					struct bpos bucket_start,
480 					struct bpos bucket_end,
481 					struct bkey_buf *last_flushed,
482 					struct bkey_s_c k)
483 {
484 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
485 	struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs;
486 	const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
487 	struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
488 	int ret;
489 
490 	ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
491 	bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k.k, ptrs, p, entry) {
492 		struct bpos bucket_pos;
493 		struct bch_backpointer bp;
494 
495 		if (p.ptr.cached)
496 			continue;
497 
498 		bch2_extent_ptr_to_bp(c, btree, level,
499 				      k, p, &bucket_pos, &bp);
500 
501 		ret = check_bp_exists(trans, bucket_pos, bp, k,
502 				      bucket_start, bucket_end,
503 				      last_flushed);
504 		if (ret)
505 			return ret;
506 	}
507 
508 	return 0;
509 }
510 
511 static int check_btree_root_to_backpointers(struct btree_trans *trans,
512 					    enum btree_id btree_id,
513 					    struct bpos bucket_start,
514 					    struct bpos bucket_end,
515 					    struct bkey_buf *last_flushed,
516 					    int *level)
517 {
518 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
519 	struct btree_iter iter;
520 	struct btree *b;
521 	struct bkey_s_c k;
522 	int ret;
523 retry:
524 	bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &iter, btree_id, POS_MIN,
525 				  0, bch2_btree_id_root(c, btree_id)->b->c.level, 0);
526 	b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(&iter);
527 	ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(b);
528 	if (ret)
529 		goto err;
530 
531 	if (b != btree_node_root(c, b)) {
532 		bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
533 		goto retry;
534 	}
535 
536 	*level = b->c.level;
537 
538 	k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
539 	ret = check_extent_to_backpointers(trans, btree_id, b->c.level + 1,
540 				      bucket_start, bucket_end,
541 				      last_flushed, k);
542 err:
543 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
544 	return ret;
545 }
546 
547 static inline struct bbpos bp_to_bbpos(struct bch_backpointer bp)
548 {
549 	return (struct bbpos) {
550 		.btree	= bp.btree_id,
551 		.pos	= bp.pos,
552 	};
553 }
554 
555 static size_t btree_nodes_fit_in_ram(struct bch_fs *c)
556 {
557 	struct sysinfo i;
558 	u64 mem_bytes;
559 
560 	si_meminfo(&i);
561 	mem_bytes = i.totalram * i.mem_unit;
562 	return div_u64(mem_bytes >> 1, btree_bytes(c));
563 }
564 
565 static int bch2_get_btree_in_memory_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
566 					unsigned btree_leaf_mask,
567 					unsigned btree_interior_mask,
568 					struct bbpos start, struct bbpos *end)
569 {
570 	struct btree_iter iter;
571 	struct bkey_s_c k;
572 	size_t btree_nodes = btree_nodes_fit_in_ram(trans->c);
573 	enum btree_id btree;
574 	int ret = 0;
575 
576 	for (btree = start.btree; btree < BTREE_ID_NR && !ret; btree++) {
577 		unsigned depth = ((1U << btree) & btree_leaf_mask) ? 1 : 2;
578 
579 		if (!((1U << btree) & btree_leaf_mask) &&
580 		    !((1U << btree) & btree_interior_mask))
581 			continue;
582 
583 		bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &iter, btree,
584 					  btree == start.btree ? start.pos : POS_MIN,
585 					  0, depth, 0);
586 		/*
587 		 * for_each_btree_key_contineu() doesn't check the return value
588 		 * from bch2_btree_iter_advance(), which is needed when
589 		 * iterating over interior nodes where we'll see keys at
590 		 * SPOS_MAX:
591 		 */
592 		do {
593 			k = __bch2_btree_iter_peek_and_restart(trans, &iter, 0);
594 			ret = bkey_err(k);
595 			if (!k.k || ret)
596 				break;
597 
598 			--btree_nodes;
599 			if (!btree_nodes) {
600 				*end = BBPOS(btree, k.k->p);
601 				bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
602 				return 0;
603 			}
604 		} while (bch2_btree_iter_advance(&iter));
605 		bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
606 	}
607 
608 	*end = BBPOS_MAX;
609 	return ret;
610 }
611 
612 static int bch2_check_extents_to_backpointers_pass(struct btree_trans *trans,
613 						   struct bpos bucket_start,
614 						   struct bpos bucket_end)
615 {
616 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
617 	struct btree_iter iter;
618 	enum btree_id btree_id;
619 	struct bkey_s_c k;
620 	struct bkey_buf last_flushed;
621 	int ret = 0;
622 
623 	bch2_bkey_buf_init(&last_flushed);
624 	bkey_init(&last_flushed.k->k);
625 
626 	for (btree_id = 0; btree_id < btree_id_nr_alive(c); btree_id++) {
627 		int level, depth = btree_type_has_ptrs(btree_id) ? 0 : 1;
628 
629 		ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL,
630 				BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
631 				check_btree_root_to_backpointers(trans, btree_id,
632 							bucket_start, bucket_end,
633 							&last_flushed, &level));
634 		if (ret)
635 			return ret;
636 
637 		while (level >= depth) {
638 			bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &iter, btree_id, POS_MIN, 0,
639 						  level,
640 						  BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
641 			while (1) {
642 				bch2_trans_begin(trans);
643 				k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
644 				if (!k.k)
645 					break;
646 				ret = bkey_err(k) ?:
647 					check_extent_to_backpointers(trans, btree_id, level,
648 								     bucket_start, bucket_end,
649 								     &last_flushed, k) ?:
650 					bch2_trans_commit(trans, NULL, NULL,
651 							  BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc);
652 				if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart)) {
653 					ret = 0;
654 					continue;
655 				}
656 				if (ret)
657 					break;
658 				if (bpos_eq(iter.pos, SPOS_MAX))
659 					break;
660 				bch2_btree_iter_advance(&iter);
661 			}
662 			bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
663 
664 			if (ret)
665 				return ret;
666 
667 			--level;
668 		}
669 	}
670 
671 	bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&last_flushed, c);
672 	return 0;
673 }
674 
675 static struct bpos bucket_pos_to_bp_safe(const struct bch_fs *c,
676 					 struct bpos bucket)
677 {
678 	return bch2_dev_exists2(c, bucket.inode)
679 		? bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, 0)
680 		: bucket;
681 }
682 
683 static int bch2_get_alloc_in_memory_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
684 					struct bpos start, struct bpos *end)
685 {
686 	struct btree_iter alloc_iter;
687 	struct btree_iter bp_iter;
688 	struct bkey_s_c alloc_k, bp_k;
689 	size_t btree_nodes = btree_nodes_fit_in_ram(trans->c);
690 	bool alloc_end = false, bp_end = false;
691 	int ret = 0;
692 
693 	bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &alloc_iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
694 				  start, 0, 1, 0);
695 	bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &bp_iter, BTREE_ID_backpointers,
696 				  bucket_pos_to_bp_safe(trans->c, start), 0, 1, 0);
697 	while (1) {
698 		alloc_k = !alloc_end
699 			? __bch2_btree_iter_peek_and_restart(trans, &alloc_iter, 0)
700 			: bkey_s_c_null;
701 		bp_k = !bp_end
702 			? __bch2_btree_iter_peek_and_restart(trans, &bp_iter, 0)
703 			: bkey_s_c_null;
704 
705 		ret = bkey_err(alloc_k) ?: bkey_err(bp_k);
706 		if ((!alloc_k.k && !bp_k.k) || ret) {
707 			*end = SPOS_MAX;
708 			break;
709 		}
710 
711 		--btree_nodes;
712 		if (!btree_nodes) {
713 			*end = alloc_k.k ? alloc_k.k->p : SPOS_MAX;
714 			break;
715 		}
716 
717 		if (bpos_lt(alloc_iter.pos, SPOS_MAX) &&
718 		    bpos_lt(bucket_pos_to_bp_safe(trans->c, alloc_iter.pos), bp_iter.pos)) {
719 			if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(&alloc_iter))
720 				alloc_end = true;
721 		} else {
722 			if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(&bp_iter))
723 				bp_end = true;
724 		}
725 	}
726 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &bp_iter);
727 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &alloc_iter);
728 	return ret;
729 }
730 
731 int bch2_check_extents_to_backpointers(struct bch_fs *c)
732 {
733 	struct btree_trans *trans = bch2_trans_get(c);
734 	struct bpos start = POS_MIN, end;
735 	int ret;
736 
737 	while (1) {
738 		ret = bch2_get_alloc_in_memory_pos(trans, start, &end);
739 		if (ret)
740 			break;
741 
742 		if (bpos_eq(start, POS_MIN) && !bpos_eq(end, SPOS_MAX))
743 			bch_verbose(c, "%s(): alloc info does not fit in ram, running in multiple passes with %zu nodes per pass",
744 				    __func__, btree_nodes_fit_in_ram(c));
745 
746 		if (!bpos_eq(start, POS_MIN) || !bpos_eq(end, SPOS_MAX)) {
747 			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
748 
749 			prt_str(&buf, "check_extents_to_backpointers(): ");
750 			bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, start);
751 			prt_str(&buf, "-");
752 			bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, end);
753 
754 			bch_verbose(c, "%s", buf.buf);
755 			printbuf_exit(&buf);
756 		}
757 
758 		ret = bch2_check_extents_to_backpointers_pass(trans, start, end);
759 		if (ret || bpos_eq(end, SPOS_MAX))
760 			break;
761 
762 		start = bpos_successor(end);
763 	}
764 	bch2_trans_put(trans);
765 
766 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
767 	return ret;
768 }
769 
770 static int check_one_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
771 				 struct bbpos start,
772 				 struct bbpos end,
773 				 struct bkey_s_c_backpointer bp,
774 				 struct bpos *last_flushed_pos)
775 {
776 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
777 	struct btree_iter iter;
778 	struct bbpos pos = bp_to_bbpos(*bp.v);
779 	struct bkey_s_c k;
780 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
781 	int ret;
782 
783 	if (bbpos_cmp(pos, start) < 0 ||
784 	    bbpos_cmp(pos, end) > 0)
785 		return 0;
786 
787 	k = bch2_backpointer_get_key(trans, &iter, bp.k->p, *bp.v, 0);
788 	ret = bkey_err(k);
789 	if (ret == -BCH_ERR_backpointer_to_overwritten_btree_node)
790 		return 0;
791 	if (ret)
792 		return ret;
793 
794 	if (!k.k && !bpos_eq(*last_flushed_pos, bp.k->p)) {
795 		*last_flushed_pos = bp.k->p;
796 		ret = bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_sync(trans) ?:
797 			-BCH_ERR_transaction_restart_write_buffer_flush;
798 		goto out;
799 	}
800 
801 	if (fsck_err_on(!k.k, c,
802 			backpointer_to_missing_ptr,
803 			"backpointer for missing %s\n  %s",
804 			bp.v->level ? "btree node" : "extent",
805 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bp.s_c), buf.buf))) {
806 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at_buffered(trans, BTREE_ID_backpointers, bp.k->p);
807 		goto out;
808 	}
809 out:
810 fsck_err:
811 	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
812 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
813 	return ret;
814 }
815 
816 static int bch2_check_backpointers_to_extents_pass(struct btree_trans *trans,
817 						   struct bbpos start,
818 						   struct bbpos end)
819 {
820 	struct bpos last_flushed_pos = SPOS_MAX;
821 
822 	return for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_backpointers,
823 				  POS_MIN, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
824 				  NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
825 		check_one_backpointer(trans, start, end,
826 				      bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k),
827 				      &last_flushed_pos));
828 }
829 
830 int bch2_check_backpointers_to_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
831 {
832 	struct btree_trans *trans = bch2_trans_get(c);
833 	struct bbpos start = (struct bbpos) { .btree = 0, .pos = POS_MIN, }, end;
834 	int ret;
835 
836 	while (1) {
837 		ret = bch2_get_btree_in_memory_pos(trans,
838 						   (1U << BTREE_ID_extents)|
839 						   (1U << BTREE_ID_reflink),
840 						   ~0,
841 						   start, &end);
842 		if (ret)
843 			break;
844 
845 		if (!bbpos_cmp(start, BBPOS_MIN) &&
846 		    bbpos_cmp(end, BBPOS_MAX))
847 			bch_verbose(c, "%s(): extents do not fit in ram, running in multiple passes with %zu nodes per pass",
848 				    __func__, btree_nodes_fit_in_ram(c));
849 
850 		if (bbpos_cmp(start, BBPOS_MIN) ||
851 		    bbpos_cmp(end, BBPOS_MAX)) {
852 			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
853 
854 			prt_str(&buf, "check_backpointers_to_extents(): ");
855 			bch2_bbpos_to_text(&buf, start);
856 			prt_str(&buf, "-");
857 			bch2_bbpos_to_text(&buf, end);
858 
859 			bch_verbose(c, "%s", buf.buf);
860 			printbuf_exit(&buf);
861 		}
862 
863 		ret = bch2_check_backpointers_to_extents_pass(trans, start, end);
864 		if (ret || !bbpos_cmp(end, BBPOS_MAX))
865 			break;
866 
867 		start = bbpos_successor(end);
868 	}
869 	bch2_trans_put(trans);
870 
871 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
872 	return ret;
873 }
874