1*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 2*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * linux/arch/m68k/kernel/process.c 3*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * 4*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * Copyright (C) 1995 Hamish Macdonald 5*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * 6*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * 68060 fixes by Jesper Skov 7*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 8*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 9*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 10*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of process handling.. 11*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 12*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 13*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/errno.h> 14*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/module.h> 15*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/sched.h> 16*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/kernel.h> 17*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/mm.h> 18*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/slab.h> 19*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/fs.h> 20*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/smp.h> 21*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/stddef.h> 22*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/unistd.h> 23*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/ptrace.h> 24*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/user.h> 25*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/reboot.h> 26*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/init_task.h> 27*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <linux/mqueue.h> 28*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 29*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/uaccess.h> 30*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/system.h> 31*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/traps.h> 32*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/machdep.h> 33*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/setup.h> 34*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #include <asm/pgtable.h> 35*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 36*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 37*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asmlinkage void ret_from_fork(void); 38*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 39*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 40*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 41*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * Return saved PC from a blocked thread 42*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 43*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long thread_saved_pc(struct task_struct *tsk) 44*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 45*fde39441SGreg Ungerer struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *)tsk->thread.ksp; 46*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* Check whether the thread is blocked in resume() */ 47*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (in_sched_functions(sw->retpc)) 48*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return ((unsigned long *)sw->a6)[1]; 49*fde39441SGreg Ungerer else 50*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return sw->retpc; 51*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 52*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 53*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 54*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * The idle loop on an m68k.. 55*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 56*fde39441SGreg Ungerer static void default_idle(void) 57*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 58*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!need_resched()) 59*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #if defined(MACH_ATARI_ONLY) 60*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* block out HSYNC on the atari (falcon) */ 61*fde39441SGreg Ungerer __asm__("stop #0x2200" : : : "cc"); 621da177e4SLinus Torvalds #else 63*fde39441SGreg Ungerer __asm__("stop #0x2000" : : : "cc"); 641da177e4SLinus Torvalds #endif 65*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 66*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 67*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void (*idle)(void) = default_idle; 68*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 69*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 70*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * The idle thread. There's no useful work to be 71*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * done, so just try to conserve power and have a 72*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * low exit latency (ie sit in a loop waiting for 73*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * somebody to say that they'd like to reschedule) 74*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 75*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void cpu_idle(void) 76*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 77*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* endless idle loop with no priority at all */ 78*fde39441SGreg Ungerer while (1) { 79*fde39441SGreg Ungerer while (!need_resched()) 80*fde39441SGreg Ungerer idle(); 81*fde39441SGreg Ungerer preempt_enable_no_resched(); 82*fde39441SGreg Ungerer schedule(); 83*fde39441SGreg Ungerer preempt_disable(); 84*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 85*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 86*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 87*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void machine_restart(char * __unused) 88*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 89*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (mach_reset) 90*fde39441SGreg Ungerer mach_reset(); 91*fde39441SGreg Ungerer for (;;); 92*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 93*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 94*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void machine_halt(void) 95*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 96*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (mach_halt) 97*fde39441SGreg Ungerer mach_halt(); 98*fde39441SGreg Ungerer for (;;); 99*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 100*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 101*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void machine_power_off(void) 102*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 103*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (mach_power_off) 104*fde39441SGreg Ungerer mach_power_off(); 105*fde39441SGreg Ungerer for (;;); 106*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 107*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 108*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void (*pm_power_off)(void) = machine_power_off; 109*fde39441SGreg Ungerer EXPORT_SYMBOL(pm_power_off); 110*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 111*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void show_regs(struct pt_regs * regs) 112*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 113*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("\n"); 114*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("Format %02x Vector: %04x PC: %08lx Status: %04x %s\n", 115*fde39441SGreg Ungerer regs->format, regs->vector, regs->pc, regs->sr, print_tainted()); 116*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("ORIG_D0: %08lx D0: %08lx A2: %08lx A1: %08lx\n", 117*fde39441SGreg Ungerer regs->orig_d0, regs->d0, regs->a2, regs->a1); 118*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("A0: %08lx D5: %08lx D4: %08lx\n", 119*fde39441SGreg Ungerer regs->a0, regs->d5, regs->d4); 120*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("D3: %08lx D2: %08lx D1: %08lx\n", 121*fde39441SGreg Ungerer regs->d3, regs->d2, regs->d1); 122*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!(regs->sr & PS_S)) 123*fde39441SGreg Ungerer printk("USP: %08lx\n", rdusp()); 124*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 125*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 126*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 127*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * Create a kernel thread 128*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 129*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int kernel_thread(int (*fn)(void *), void * arg, unsigned long flags) 130*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 131*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int pid; 132*fde39441SGreg Ungerer mm_segment_t fs; 133*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 134*fde39441SGreg Ungerer fs = get_fs(); 135*fde39441SGreg Ungerer set_fs (KERNEL_DS); 136*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 137*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 138*fde39441SGreg Ungerer register long retval __asm__ ("d0"); 139*fde39441SGreg Ungerer register long clone_arg __asm__ ("d1") = flags | CLONE_VM | CLONE_UNTRACED; 140*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 141*fde39441SGreg Ungerer retval = __NR_clone; 142*fde39441SGreg Ungerer __asm__ __volatile__ 143*fde39441SGreg Ungerer ("clrl %%d2\n\t" 144*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "trap #0\n\t" /* Linux/m68k system call */ 145*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "tstl %0\n\t" /* child or parent */ 146*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "jne 1f\n\t" /* parent - jump */ 147*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #ifdef CONFIG_MMU 148*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "lea %%sp@(%c7),%6\n\t" /* reload current */ 149*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "movel %6@,%6\n\t" 150*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #endif 151*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "movel %3,%%sp@-\n\t" /* push argument */ 152*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "jsr %4@\n\t" /* call fn */ 153*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "movel %0,%%d1\n\t" /* pass exit value */ 154*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "movel %2,%%d0\n\t" /* exit */ 155*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "trap #0\n" 156*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "1:" 157*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "+d" (retval) 158*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "i" (__NR_clone), "i" (__NR_exit), 159*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "r" (arg), "a" (fn), "d" (clone_arg), "r" (current), 160*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "i" (-THREAD_SIZE) 161*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "d2"); 162*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 163*fde39441SGreg Ungerer pid = retval; 164*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 165*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 166*fde39441SGreg Ungerer set_fs (fs); 167*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return pid; 168*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 169*fde39441SGreg Ungerer EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_thread); 170*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 171*fde39441SGreg Ungerer void flush_thread(void) 172*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 173*fde39441SGreg Ungerer current->thread.fs = __USER_DS; 174*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #ifdef CONFIG_FPU 175*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!FPU_IS_EMU) { 176*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long zero = 0; 177*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile("frestore %0": :"m" (zero)); 178*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 179*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #endif 180*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 181*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 182*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 183*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * "m68k_fork()".. By the time we get here, the 184*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * non-volatile registers have also been saved on the 185*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * stack. We do some ugly pointer stuff here.. (see 186*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * also copy_thread) 187*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 188*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 189*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asmlinkage int m68k_fork(struct pt_regs *regs) 190*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 191*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #ifdef CONFIG_MMU 192*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return do_fork(SIGCHLD, rdusp(), regs, 0, NULL, NULL); 193*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #else 194*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return -EINVAL; 195*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #endif 196*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 197*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 198*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asmlinkage int m68k_vfork(struct pt_regs *regs) 199*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 200*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return do_fork(CLONE_VFORK | CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD, rdusp(), regs, 0, 201*fde39441SGreg Ungerer NULL, NULL); 202*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 203*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 204*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asmlinkage int m68k_clone(struct pt_regs *regs) 205*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 206*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long clone_flags; 207*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long newsp; 208*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int __user *parent_tidptr, *child_tidptr; 209*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 210*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* syscall2 puts clone_flags in d1 and usp in d2 */ 211*fde39441SGreg Ungerer clone_flags = regs->d1; 212*fde39441SGreg Ungerer newsp = regs->d2; 213*fde39441SGreg Ungerer parent_tidptr = (int __user *)regs->d3; 214*fde39441SGreg Ungerer child_tidptr = (int __user *)regs->d4; 215*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!newsp) 216*fde39441SGreg Ungerer newsp = rdusp(); 217*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return do_fork(clone_flags, newsp, regs, 0, 218*fde39441SGreg Ungerer parent_tidptr, child_tidptr); 219*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 220*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 221*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int copy_thread(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long usp, 222*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long unused, 223*fde39441SGreg Ungerer struct task_struct * p, struct pt_regs * regs) 224*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 225*fde39441SGreg Ungerer struct pt_regs * childregs; 226*fde39441SGreg Ungerer struct switch_stack * childstack, *stack; 227*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long *retp; 228*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 229*fde39441SGreg Ungerer childregs = (struct pt_regs *) (task_stack_page(p) + THREAD_SIZE) - 1; 230*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 231*fde39441SGreg Ungerer *childregs = *regs; 232*fde39441SGreg Ungerer childregs->d0 = 0; 233*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 234*fde39441SGreg Ungerer retp = ((unsigned long *) regs); 235*fde39441SGreg Ungerer stack = ((struct switch_stack *) retp) - 1; 236*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 237*fde39441SGreg Ungerer childstack = ((struct switch_stack *) childregs) - 1; 238*fde39441SGreg Ungerer *childstack = *stack; 239*fde39441SGreg Ungerer childstack->retpc = (unsigned long)ret_from_fork; 240*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 241*fde39441SGreg Ungerer p->thread.usp = usp; 242*fde39441SGreg Ungerer p->thread.ksp = (unsigned long)childstack; 243*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 244*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (clone_flags & CLONE_SETTLS) 245*fde39441SGreg Ungerer task_thread_info(p)->tp_value = regs->d5; 246*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 247*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 248*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * Must save the current SFC/DFC value, NOT the value when 249*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * the parent was last descheduled - RGH 10-08-96 250*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 251*fde39441SGreg Ungerer p->thread.fs = get_fs().seg; 252*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 253*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #ifdef CONFIG_FPU 254*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!FPU_IS_EMU) { 255*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* Copy the current fpu state */ 256*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fsave %0" : : "m" (p->thread.fpstate[0]) : "memory"); 257*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 258*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!CPU_IS_060 ? p->thread.fpstate[0] : p->thread.fpstate[2]) { 259*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (CPU_IS_COLDFIRE) { 260*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fmovemd %/fp0-%/fp7,%0\n\t" 261*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovel %/fpiar,%1\n\t" 262*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovel %/fpcr,%2\n\t" 263*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovel %/fpsr,%3" 264*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : 265*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "m" (p->thread.fp[0]), 266*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (p->thread.fpcntl[0]), 267*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (p->thread.fpcntl[1]), 268*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (p->thread.fpcntl[2]) 269*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "memory"); 270*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } else { 271*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fmovemx %/fp0-%/fp7,%0\n\t" 272*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmoveml %/fpiar/%/fpcr/%/fpsr,%1" 273*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : 274*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "m" (p->thread.fp[0]), 275*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (p->thread.fpcntl[0]) 276*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "memory"); 277*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 278*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 279*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 280*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* Restore the state in case the fpu was busy */ 281*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("frestore %0" : : "m" (p->thread.fpstate[0])); 282*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 283*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #endif /* CONFIG_FPU */ 284*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 285*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 0; 286*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 287*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 288*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* Fill in the fpu structure for a core dump. */ 289*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #ifdef CONFIG_FPU 290*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int dump_fpu (struct pt_regs *regs, struct user_m68kfp_struct *fpu) 291*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 292*fde39441SGreg Ungerer char fpustate[216]; 293*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 294*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (FPU_IS_EMU) { 295*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int i; 296*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 297*fde39441SGreg Ungerer memcpy(fpu->fpcntl, current->thread.fpcntl, 12); 298*fde39441SGreg Ungerer memcpy(fpu->fpregs, current->thread.fp, 96); 299*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* Convert internal fpu reg representation 300*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * into long double format 301*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 302*fde39441SGreg Ungerer for (i = 0; i < 24; i += 3) 303*fde39441SGreg Ungerer fpu->fpregs[i] = ((fpu->fpregs[i] & 0xffff0000) << 15) | 304*fde39441SGreg Ungerer ((fpu->fpregs[i] & 0x0000ffff) << 16); 305*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 1; 306*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 307*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 308*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* First dump the fpu context to avoid protocol violation. */ 309*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fsave %0" :: "m" (fpustate[0]) : "memory"); 310*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!CPU_IS_060 ? !fpustate[0] : !fpustate[2]) 311*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 0; 312*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 313*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (CPU_IS_COLDFIRE) { 314*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fmovel %/fpiar,%0\n\t" 315*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovel %/fpcr,%1\n\t" 316*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovel %/fpsr,%2\n\t" 317*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "fmovemd %/fp0-%/fp7,%3" 318*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : 319*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "m" (fpu->fpcntl[0]), 320*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (fpu->fpcntl[1]), 321*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (fpu->fpcntl[2]), 322*fde39441SGreg Ungerer "m" (fpu->fpregs[0]) 323*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "memory"); 324*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } else { 325*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fmovem %/fpiar/%/fpcr/%/fpsr,%0" 326*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : 327*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "m" (fpu->fpcntl[0]) 328*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "memory"); 329*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asm volatile ("fmovemx %/fp0-%/fp7,%0" 330*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : 331*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "m" (fpu->fpregs[0]) 332*fde39441SGreg Ungerer : "memory"); 333*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 334*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 335*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 1; 336*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 337*fde39441SGreg Ungerer EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_fpu); 338*fde39441SGreg Ungerer #endif /* CONFIG_FPU */ 339*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 340*fde39441SGreg Ungerer /* 341*fde39441SGreg Ungerer * sys_execve() executes a new program. 342*fde39441SGreg Ungerer */ 343*fde39441SGreg Ungerer asmlinkage int sys_execve(const char __user *name, 344*fde39441SGreg Ungerer const char __user *const __user *argv, 345*fde39441SGreg Ungerer const char __user *const __user *envp) 346*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 347*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int error; 348*fde39441SGreg Ungerer char * filename; 349*fde39441SGreg Ungerer struct pt_regs *regs = (struct pt_regs *) &name; 350*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 351*fde39441SGreg Ungerer filename = getname(name); 352*fde39441SGreg Ungerer error = PTR_ERR(filename); 353*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (IS_ERR(filename)) 354*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return error; 355*fde39441SGreg Ungerer error = do_execve(filename, argv, envp, regs); 356*fde39441SGreg Ungerer putname(filename); 357*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return error; 358*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 359*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 360*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long get_wchan(struct task_struct *p) 361*fde39441SGreg Ungerer { 362*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long fp, pc; 363*fde39441SGreg Ungerer unsigned long stack_page; 364*fde39441SGreg Ungerer int count = 0; 365*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!p || p == current || p->state == TASK_RUNNING) 366*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 0; 367*fde39441SGreg Ungerer 368*fde39441SGreg Ungerer stack_page = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(p); 369*fde39441SGreg Ungerer fp = ((struct switch_stack *)p->thread.ksp)->a6; 370*fde39441SGreg Ungerer do { 371*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (fp < stack_page+sizeof(struct thread_info) || 372*fde39441SGreg Ungerer fp >= 8184+stack_page) 373*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 0; 374*fde39441SGreg Ungerer pc = ((unsigned long *)fp)[1]; 375*fde39441SGreg Ungerer if (!in_sched_functions(pc)) 376*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return pc; 377*fde39441SGreg Ungerer fp = *(unsigned long *) fp; 378*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } while (count++ < 16); 379*fde39441SGreg Ungerer return 0; 380*fde39441SGreg Ungerer } 381