xref: /lighttpd1.4/src/mod_cgi.c (revision bd72d192)
1 #include "first.h"
2 
3 #include "base.h"
4 #include "stat_cache.h"
5 #include "http_kv.h"
6 #include "log.h"
7 #include "response.h"
8 #include "http_cgi.h"
9 #include "http_chunk.h"
10 #include "http_header.h"
11 
12 #include "plugin.h"
13 
14 #include <sys/types.h>
15 #include "sys-socket.h"
16 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #endif
19 
20 #include <unistd.h>
21 #include <errno.h>
22 #include <stdlib.h>
23 #include <string.h>
24 #include <fdevent.h>
25 
26 #include <fcntl.h>
27 #include <signal.h>
28 
29 static int pipe_cloexec(int pipefd[2]) {
30   #ifdef HAVE_PIPE2
31     if (0 == pipe2(pipefd, O_CLOEXEC)) return 0;
32   #endif
33     return 0 == pipe(pipefd)
34        #ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
35         && 0 == fcntl(pipefd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)
36         && 0 == fcntl(pipefd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)
37        #endif
38       ?  0
39       : -1;
40 }
41 
42 typedef struct {
43 	uintptr_t *offsets;
44 	size_t osize;
45 	size_t oused;
46 	buffer *b;
47 	buffer *boffsets;
48 	buffer *ld_preload;
49 	buffer *ld_library_path;
50       #ifdef __CYGWIN__
51 	buffer *systemroot;
52       #endif
53 } env_accum;
54 
55 typedef struct {
56 	unix_time64_t read_timeout;
57 	unix_time64_t write_timeout;
58 } cgi_limits;
59 
60 typedef struct {
61 	const array *cgi;
62 	const cgi_limits *limits;
63 	unsigned short execute_x_only;
64 	unsigned short local_redir;
65 	unsigned short xsendfile_allow;
66 	unsigned short upgrade;
67 	const array *xsendfile_docroot;
68 } plugin_config;
69 
70 struct cgi_pid_t;
71 
72 typedef struct {
73 	PLUGIN_DATA;
74 	plugin_config defaults;
75 	plugin_config conf;
76 	int tempfile_accum;
77 	struct cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid;
78 	env_accum env;
79 } plugin_data;
80 
81 typedef struct {
82 	struct cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid;
83 	int fd;
84 	int fdtocgi;
85 	fdnode *fdn;
86 	fdnode *fdntocgi;
87 
88 	request_st *r;
89 	struct fdevents *ev;      /* dumb pointer */
90 	plugin_data *plugin_data; /* dumb pointer */
91 
92 	buffer *response;
93 	unix_time64_t read_ts;
94 	unix_time64_t write_ts;
95 	buffer *cgi_handler;      /* dumb pointer */
96 	http_response_opts opts;
97 	plugin_config conf;
98 } handler_ctx;
99 
100 typedef struct cgi_pid_t {
101 	pid_t pid;
102 	handler_ctx *hctx;
103 	struct cgi_pid_t *next;
104 	struct cgi_pid_t *prev;
105 } cgi_pid_t;
106 
107 static handler_ctx * cgi_handler_ctx_init(void) {
108 	handler_ctx *hctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*hctx));
109 
110 	force_assert(hctx);
111 
112 	hctx->response = chunk_buffer_acquire();
113 	hctx->fd = -1;
114 	hctx->fdtocgi = -1;
115 
116 	return hctx;
117 }
118 
119 static void cgi_handler_ctx_free(handler_ctx *hctx) {
120 	chunk_buffer_release(hctx->response);
121 	free(hctx);
122 }
123 
124 INIT_FUNC(mod_cgi_init) {
125 	plugin_data *p;
126 	const char *s;
127 
128 	p = calloc(1, sizeof(*p));
129 
130 	force_assert(p);
131 
132 	/* for valgrind */
133 	s = getenv("LD_PRELOAD");
134 	if (s) p->env.ld_preload = buffer_init_string(s);
135 	s = getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
136 	if (s) p->env.ld_library_path = buffer_init_string(s);
137       #ifdef __CYGWIN__
138 	/* CYGWIN needs SYSTEMROOT */
139 	s = getenv("SYSTEMROOT");
140 	if (s) p->env.systemroot = buffer_init_string(s);
141       #endif
142 
143 	return p;
144 }
145 
146 
147 FREE_FUNC(mod_cgi_free) {
148 	plugin_data *p = p_d;
149 	buffer_free(p->env.ld_preload);
150 	buffer_free(p->env.ld_library_path);
151       #ifdef __CYGWIN__
152 	buffer_free(p->env.systemroot);
153       #endif
154 
155     for (cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid = p->cgi_pid, *next; cgi_pid; cgi_pid = next) {
156         next = cgi_pid->next;
157         free(cgi_pid);
158     }
159 
160     if (NULL == p->cvlist) return;
161     /* (init i to 0 if global context; to 1 to skip empty global context) */
162     for (int i = !p->cvlist[0].v.u2[1], used = p->nconfig; i < used; ++i) {
163         config_plugin_value_t *cpv = p->cvlist + p->cvlist[i].v.u2[0];
164         for (; -1 != cpv->k_id; ++cpv) {
165             if (cpv->vtype != T_CONFIG_LOCAL || NULL == cpv->v.v) continue;
166             switch (cpv->k_id) {
167               case 6: /* cgi.limits */
168                 free(cpv->v.v);
169                 break;
170               default:
171                 break;
172             }
173         }
174     }
175 }
176 
177 static void mod_cgi_merge_config_cpv(plugin_config * const pconf, const config_plugin_value_t * const cpv) {
178     switch (cpv->k_id) { /* index into static config_plugin_keys_t cpk[] */
179       case 0: /* cgi.assign */
180         pconf->cgi = cpv->v.a;
181         break;
182       case 1: /* cgi.execute-x-only */
183         pconf->execute_x_only = (unsigned short)cpv->v.u;
184         break;
185       case 2: /* cgi.x-sendfile */
186         pconf->xsendfile_allow = (unsigned short)cpv->v.u;
187         break;
188       case 3: /* cgi.x-sendfile-docroot */
189         pconf->xsendfile_docroot = cpv->v.a;
190         break;
191       case 4: /* cgi.local-redir */
192         pconf->local_redir = (unsigned short)cpv->v.u;
193         break;
194       case 5: /* cgi.upgrade */
195         pconf->upgrade = (unsigned short)cpv->v.u;
196         break;
197       case 6: /* cgi.limits */
198         if (cpv->vtype != T_CONFIG_LOCAL) break;
199         pconf->limits = cpv->v.v;
200         break;
201       default:/* should not happen */
202         return;
203     }
204 }
205 
206 static void mod_cgi_merge_config(plugin_config * const pconf, const config_plugin_value_t *cpv) {
207     do {
208         mod_cgi_merge_config_cpv(pconf, cpv);
209     } while ((++cpv)->k_id != -1);
210 }
211 
212 static void mod_cgi_patch_config(request_st * const r, plugin_data * const p) {
213     p->conf = p->defaults; /* copy small struct instead of memcpy() */
214     /*memcpy(&p->conf, &p->defaults, sizeof(plugin_config));*/
215     for (int i = 1, used = p->nconfig; i < used; ++i) {
216         if (config_check_cond(r, (uint32_t)p->cvlist[i].k_id))
217             mod_cgi_merge_config(&p->conf, p->cvlist + p->cvlist[i].v.u2[0]);
218     }
219 }
220 
221 static cgi_limits * mod_cgi_parse_limits(const array * const a, log_error_st * const errh) {
222     cgi_limits * const limits = calloc(1, sizeof(cgi_limits));
223     force_assert(limits);
224     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < a->used; ++i) {
225         const data_unset * const du = a->data[i];
226         int32_t v = config_plugin_value_to_int32(du, -1);
227         if (buffer_eq_icase_slen(&du->key, CONST_STR_LEN("read-timeout"))) {
228             limits->read_timeout = (unix_time64_t)v;
229             continue;
230         }
231         if (buffer_eq_icase_slen(&du->key, CONST_STR_LEN("write-timeout"))) {
232             limits->write_timeout = (unix_time64_t)v;
233             continue;
234         }
235         log_error(errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
236                   "unrecognized cgi.limits param: %s", du->key.ptr);
237     }
238     return limits;
239 }
240 
241 SETDEFAULTS_FUNC(mod_cgi_set_defaults) {
242     static const config_plugin_keys_t cpk[] = {
243       { CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.assign"),
244         T_CONFIG_ARRAY_KVSTRING,
245         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
246      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.execute-x-only"),
247         T_CONFIG_BOOL,
248         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
249      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.x-sendfile"),
250         T_CONFIG_BOOL,
251         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
252      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.x-sendfile-docroot"),
253         T_CONFIG_ARRAY_VLIST,
254         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
255      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.local-redir"),
256         T_CONFIG_BOOL,
257         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
258      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.upgrade"),
259         T_CONFIG_BOOL,
260         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
261      ,{ CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.limits"),
262         T_CONFIG_ARRAY_KVANY,
263         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_CONNECTION }
264      ,{ NULL, 0,
265         T_CONFIG_UNSET,
266         T_CONFIG_SCOPE_UNSET }
267     };
268 
269     plugin_data * const p = p_d;
270     if (!config_plugin_values_init(srv, p, cpk, "mod_cgi"))
271         return HANDLER_ERROR;
272 
273     /* process and validate config directives
274      * (init i to 0 if global context; to 1 to skip empty global context) */
275     for (int i = !p->cvlist[0].v.u2[1]; i < p->nconfig; ++i) {
276         config_plugin_value_t *cpv = p->cvlist + p->cvlist[i].v.u2[0];
277         for (; -1 != cpv->k_id; ++cpv) {
278             switch (cpv->k_id) {
279               case 0: /* cgi.assign */
280               case 1: /* cgi.execute-x-only */
281               case 2: /* cgi.x-sendfile */
282                 break;
283               case 3: /* cgi.x-sendfile-docroot */
284                 for (uint32_t j = 0; j < cpv->v.a->used; ++j) {
285                     data_string *ds = (data_string *)cpv->v.a->data[j];
286                     if (ds->value.ptr[0] != '/') {
287                         log_error(srv->errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
288                           "%s paths must begin with '/'; invalid: \"%s\"",
289                           cpk[cpv->k_id].k, ds->value.ptr);
290                         return HANDLER_ERROR;
291                     }
292                     buffer_path_simplify(&ds->value);
293                     buffer_append_slash(&ds->value);
294                 }
295                 break;
296               case 4: /* cgi.local-redir */
297               case 5: /* cgi.upgrade */
298                 break;
299               case 6: /* cgi.limits */
300                 cpv->v.v = mod_cgi_parse_limits(cpv->v.a, srv->errh);
301                 if (NULL == cpv->v.v) return HANDLER_ERROR;
302                 cpv->vtype = T_CONFIG_LOCAL;
303                 break;
304               default:/* should not happen */
305                 break;
306             }
307         }
308     }
309 
310     /* initialize p->defaults from global config context */
311     if (p->nconfig > 0 && p->cvlist->v.u2[1]) {
312         const config_plugin_value_t *cpv = p->cvlist + p->cvlist->v.u2[0];
313         if (-1 != cpv->k_id)
314             mod_cgi_merge_config(&p->defaults, cpv);
315     }
316 
317     p->tempfile_accum =
318       !srv->srvconf.feature_flags
319       || config_plugin_value_tobool(
320           array_get_element_klen(srv->srvconf.feature_flags,
321                                  CONST_STR_LEN("cgi.tempfile-accum")), 1);
322 
323     return HANDLER_GO_ON;
324 }
325 
326 
327 static cgi_pid_t * cgi_pid_add(plugin_data *p, pid_t pid, handler_ctx *hctx) {
328     cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid = malloc(sizeof(cgi_pid_t));
329     force_assert(cgi_pid);
330     cgi_pid->pid = pid;
331     cgi_pid->hctx = hctx;
332     cgi_pid->prev = NULL;
333     cgi_pid->next = p->cgi_pid;
334     p->cgi_pid = cgi_pid;
335     return cgi_pid;
336 }
337 
338 static void cgi_pid_kill(cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid) {
339     cgi_pid->hctx = NULL;
340     kill(cgi_pid->pid, SIGTERM);
341 }
342 
343 static void cgi_pid_del(plugin_data *p, cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid) {
344     if (cgi_pid->prev)
345         cgi_pid->prev->next = cgi_pid->next;
346     else
347         p->cgi_pid = cgi_pid->next;
348 
349     if (cgi_pid->next)
350         cgi_pid->next->prev = cgi_pid->prev;
351 
352     free(cgi_pid);
353 }
354 
355 
356 static void cgi_connection_close_fdtocgi(handler_ctx *hctx) {
357 	/*(closes only hctx->fdtocgi)*/
358 	struct fdevents * const ev = hctx->ev;
359 	fdevent_fdnode_event_del(ev, hctx->fdntocgi);
360 	/*fdevent_unregister(ev, hctx->fdtocgi);*//*(handled below)*/
361 	fdevent_sched_close(ev, hctx->fdtocgi, 0);
362 	hctx->fdntocgi = NULL;
363 	hctx->fdtocgi = -1;
364 }
365 
366 static void cgi_connection_close(handler_ctx *hctx) {
367 	/* the connection to the browser went away, but we still have a connection
368 	 * to the CGI script
369 	 *
370 	 * close cgi-connection
371 	 */
372 
373 	if (hctx->fd != -1) {
374 		struct fdevents * const ev = hctx->ev;
375 		/* close connection to the cgi-script */
376 		fdevent_fdnode_event_del(ev, hctx->fdn);
377 		/*fdevent_unregister(ev, hctx->fd);*//*(handled below)*/
378 		fdevent_sched_close(ev, hctx->fd, 0);
379 		hctx->fdn = NULL;
380 	}
381 
382 	if (hctx->fdtocgi != -1) {
383 		cgi_connection_close_fdtocgi(hctx); /*(closes only hctx->fdtocgi)*/
384 	}
385 
386 	plugin_data * const p = hctx->plugin_data;
387 	request_st * const r = hctx->r;
388 	r->plugin_ctx[p->id] = NULL;
389 
390 	if (hctx->cgi_pid)
391 		cgi_pid_kill(hctx->cgi_pid);
392 	cgi_handler_ctx_free(hctx);
393 
394 	/* finish response (if not already r->resp_body_started, r->resp_body_finished) */
395 	if (r->handler_module == p->self) {
396 		http_response_backend_done(r);
397 	}
398 }
399 
400 static handler_t cgi_connection_close_callback(request_st * const r, void *p_d) {
401     handler_ctx *hctx = r->plugin_ctx[((plugin_data *)p_d)->id];
402     if (hctx) {
403         chunkqueue_set_tempdirs(&r->reqbody_queue, /* reset sz */
404                                 r->reqbody_queue.tempdirs, 0);
405         cgi_connection_close(hctx);
406     }
407     return HANDLER_GO_ON;
408 }
409 
410 
411 static int cgi_write_request(handler_ctx *hctx, int fd);
412 
413 
414 static handler_t cgi_handle_fdevent_send (void *ctx, int revents) {
415 	handler_ctx *hctx = ctx;
416 	request_st * const r = hctx->r;
417 
418 	/*(joblist only actually necessary here in mod_cgi fdevent send if returning HANDLER_ERROR)*/
419 	joblist_append(r->con);
420 
421 	if (revents & FDEVENT_OUT) {
422 		if (0 != cgi_write_request(hctx, hctx->fdtocgi)) {
423 			cgi_connection_close(hctx);
424 			return HANDLER_ERROR;
425 		}
426 		/* more request body to be sent to CGI */
427 	}
428 
429 	if (revents & FDEVENT_HUP) {
430 		/* skip sending remaining data to CGI */
431 		if (r->reqbody_length) {
432 			chunkqueue *cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
433 			chunkqueue_mark_written(cq, chunkqueue_length(cq));
434 			if (cq->bytes_in != (off_t)r->reqbody_length) {
435 				r->keep_alive = 0;
436 			}
437 		}
438 
439 		cgi_connection_close_fdtocgi(hctx); /*(closes only hctx->fdtocgi)*/
440 	} else if (revents & FDEVENT_ERR) {
441 		/* kill all connections to the cgi process */
442 #if 1
443 		log_error(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "cgi-FDEVENT_ERR");
444 #endif
445 		cgi_connection_close(hctx);
446 		return HANDLER_ERROR;
447 	}
448 
449 	return HANDLER_FINISHED;
450 }
451 
452 
453 static handler_t cgi_response_headers(request_st * const r, struct http_response_opts_t *opts) {
454     /* response headers just completed */
455     handler_ctx *hctx = (handler_ctx *)opts->pdata;
456 
457     if (light_btst(r->resp_htags, HTTP_HEADER_UPGRADE)) {
458         if (hctx->conf.upgrade && r->http_status == 101) {
459             /* 101 Switching Protocols; transition to transparent proxy */
460             http_response_upgrade_read_body_unknown(r);
461         }
462         else {
463             light_bclr(r->resp_htags, HTTP_HEADER_UPGRADE);
464           #if 0
465             /* preserve prior questionable behavior; likely broken behavior
466              * anyway if backend thinks connection is being upgraded but client
467              * does not receive Connection: upgrade */
468             http_header_response_unset(r, HTTP_HEADER_UPGRADE,
469                                        CONST_STR_LEN("Upgrade"));
470           #endif
471         }
472     }
473 
474     if (hctx->conf.upgrade
475         && !light_btst(r->resp_htags, HTTP_HEADER_UPGRADE)) {
476         chunkqueue *cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
477         hctx->conf.upgrade = 0;
478         if (cq->bytes_out == (off_t)r->reqbody_length) {
479             cgi_connection_close_fdtocgi(hctx); /*(closes hctx->fdtocgi)*/
480         }
481     }
482 
483     return HANDLER_GO_ON;
484 }
485 
486 
487 static int cgi_recv_response(request_st * const r, handler_ctx * const hctx) {
488 		const off_t bytes_in = r->write_queue.bytes_in;
489 		switch (http_response_read(r, &hctx->opts,
490 					   hctx->response, hctx->fdn)) {
491 		default:
492 			if (r->write_queue.bytes_in > bytes_in)
493 				hctx->read_ts = log_monotonic_secs;
494 			return HANDLER_GO_ON;
495 		case HANDLER_ERROR:
496 			http_response_backend_error(r);
497 			__attribute_fallthrough__
498 		case HANDLER_FINISHED:
499 			cgi_connection_close(hctx);
500 			return HANDLER_FINISHED;
501 		case HANDLER_COMEBACK:
502 			/* flag for mod_cgi_handle_subrequest() */
503 			hctx->conf.local_redir = 2;
504 			buffer_clear(hctx->response);
505 			return HANDLER_COMEBACK;
506 		}
507 }
508 
509 
510 static handler_t cgi_handle_fdevent(void *ctx, int revents) {
511 	handler_ctx *hctx = ctx;
512 	request_st * const r = hctx->r;
513 
514 	joblist_append(r->con);
515 
516 	if (revents & FDEVENT_IN) {
517 		handler_t rc = cgi_recv_response(r, hctx); /*(might invalidate hctx)*/
518 		if (rc != HANDLER_GO_ON) return rc;         /*(unless HANDLER_GO_ON)*/
519 	}
520 
521 	/* perhaps this issue is already handled */
522 	if (revents & (FDEVENT_HUP|FDEVENT_RDHUP)) {
523 		if (r->resp_body_started) {
524 			/* drain any remaining data from kernel pipe buffers
525 			 * even if (r->conf.stream_response_body
526 			 *          & FDEVENT_STREAM_RESPONSE_BUFMIN)
527 			 * since event loop will spin on fd FDEVENT_HUP event
528 			 * until unregistered. */
529 			handler_t rc;
530 			const unsigned short flags = r->conf.stream_response_body;
531 			r->conf.stream_response_body &= ~FDEVENT_STREAM_RESPONSE_BUFMIN;
532 			r->conf.stream_response_body |= FDEVENT_STREAM_RESPONSE_POLLRDHUP;
533 			do {
534 				rc = cgi_recv_response(r,hctx); /*(might invalidate hctx)*/
535 			} while (rc == HANDLER_GO_ON);           /*(unless HANDLER_GO_ON)*/
536 			r->conf.stream_response_body = flags;
537 			return rc; /* HANDLER_FINISHED or HANDLER_COMEBACK or HANDLER_ERROR */
538 		} else if (!buffer_is_blank(hctx->response)) {
539 			/* unfinished header package which is a body in reality */
540 			r->resp_body_started = 1;
541 			if (0 != http_chunk_append_buffer(r, hctx->response)) {
542 				cgi_connection_close(hctx);
543 				return HANDLER_ERROR;
544 			}
545 			if (0 == r->http_status) r->http_status = 200; /* OK */
546 		}
547 		cgi_connection_close(hctx);
548 	} else if (revents & FDEVENT_ERR) {
549 		/* kill all connections to the cgi process */
550 		cgi_connection_close(hctx);
551 		return HANDLER_ERROR;
552 	}
553 
554 	return HANDLER_FINISHED;
555 }
556 
557 
558 __attribute_cold__
559 __attribute_noinline__
560 static void cgi_env_offset_resize(env_accum *env) {
561     chunk_buffer_prepare_append(env->boffsets, env->boffsets->size*2);
562     env->offsets = (uintptr_t *)(void *)env->boffsets->ptr;
563     env->osize = env->boffsets->size/sizeof(*env->offsets);
564 }
565 
566 static int cgi_env_add(void *venv, const char *key, size_t key_len, const char *val, size_t val_len) {
567 	env_accum *env = venv;
568 
569 	if (!key || (!val && val_len)) return -1;
570 
571 	if (__builtin_expect( (env->osize == env->oused), 0))
572 		cgi_env_offset_resize(env);
573 	env->offsets[env->oused++] = env->b->used-1;
574 
575 	char * const dst = buffer_extend(env->b, key_len + val_len + 2);
576 	memcpy(dst, key, key_len);
577 	dst[key_len] = '=';
578 	if (val_len) memcpy(dst + key_len + 1, val, val_len);
579 	dst[key_len + 1 + val_len] = '\0';
580 
581 	return 0;
582 }
583 
584 static int cgi_write_request(handler_ctx *hctx, int fd) {
585 	request_st * const r = hctx->r;
586 	chunkqueue *cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
587 	chunk *c;
588 
589 	chunkqueue_remove_finished_chunks(cq); /* unnecessary? */
590 
591 	/* old comment: windows doesn't support select() on pipes - wouldn't be easy to fix for all platforms.
592 	 * solution: if this is still a problem on windows, then substitute
593 	 * socketpair() for pipe() and closesocket() for close() on windows.
594 	 */
595 
596 	for (c = cq->first; c; c = cq->first) {
597 		ssize_t wr = chunkqueue_write_chunk_to_pipe(fd, cq, r->conf.errh);
598 		if (wr > 0) {
599 			hctx->write_ts = log_monotonic_secs;
600 			chunkqueue_mark_written(cq, wr);
601 			/* continue if wrote whole chunk or wrote 16k block
602 			 * (see chunkqueue_write_chunk_file_intermed()) */
603 			if (c != cq->first || wr == 16384)
604 				continue;
605 			/*(else partial write)*/
606 		}
607 		else if (wr < 0) {
608 				switch(errno) {
609 				case EAGAIN:
610 				case EINTR:
611 					/* ignore and try again later */
612 					break;
613 				case EPIPE:
614 				case ECONNRESET:
615 					/* connection closed */
616 					log_error(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
617 					  "failed to send post data to cgi, connection closed by CGI");
618 					/* skip all remaining data */
619 					chunkqueue_mark_written(cq, chunkqueue_length(cq));
620 					break;
621 				default:
622 					/* fatal error */
623 					log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "write() failed");
624 					return -1;
625 				}
626 		}
627 		/*if (0 == wr) break;*/ /*(might block)*/
628 		break;
629 	}
630 
631 	if (cq->bytes_out == (off_t)r->reqbody_length && !hctx->conf.upgrade) {
632 		/* sent all request body input */
633 		/* close connection to the cgi-script */
634 		if (-1 == hctx->fdtocgi) { /*(received request body sent in initial send to pipe buffer)*/
635 			--r->con->srv->cur_fds;
636 			if (close(fd)) {
637 				log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "cgi stdin close %d failed", fd);
638 			}
639 		} else {
640 			cgi_connection_close_fdtocgi(hctx); /*(closes only hctx->fdtocgi)*/
641 		}
642 	} else {
643 		off_t cqlen = chunkqueue_length(cq);
644 		if (cq->bytes_in != r->reqbody_length && cqlen < 65536 - 16384) {
645 			/*(r->conf.stream_request_body & FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST)*/
646 			if (!(r->conf.stream_request_body & FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_POLLIN)) {
647 				r->conf.stream_request_body |= FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_POLLIN;
648 				r->con->is_readable = 1; /* trigger optimistic read from client */
649 			}
650 		}
651 		struct fdevents * const ev = hctx->ev;
652 		if (-1 == hctx->fdtocgi) { /*(not registered yet)*/
653 			hctx->fdtocgi = fd;
654 			hctx->fdntocgi = fdevent_register(ev, hctx->fdtocgi, cgi_handle_fdevent_send, hctx);
655 		}
656 		if (0 == cqlen) { /*(chunkqueue_is_empty(cq))*/
657 			if ((fdevent_fdnode_interest(hctx->fdntocgi) & FDEVENT_OUT)) {
658 				fdevent_fdnode_event_set(ev, hctx->fdntocgi, 0);
659 			}
660 		} else {
661 			/* more request body remains to be sent to CGI so register for fdevents */
662 			hctx->write_ts = log_monotonic_secs;
663 			fdevent_fdnode_event_set(ev, hctx->fdntocgi, FDEVENT_OUT);
664 		}
665 	}
666 
667 	return 0;
668 }
669 
670 static int cgi_create_env(request_st * const r, plugin_data * const p, handler_ctx * const hctx, buffer * const cgi_handler) {
671 	char *args[3];
672 	int to_cgi_fds[2];
673 	int from_cgi_fds[2];
674 	UNUSED(p);
675 
676 	if (!buffer_is_blank(cgi_handler)) {
677 		if (NULL == stat_cache_path_stat(cgi_handler)) {
678 			log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
679 			  "stat for cgi-handler %s", cgi_handler->ptr);
680 			return -1;
681 		}
682 	}
683 
684 	to_cgi_fds[0] = -1;
685   #ifndef __CYGWIN__
686 	if (0 == r->reqbody_length) {
687 		/* future: might keep fd open in p->devnull for reuse
688 		 * and dup() here, or do not close() (later in this func) */
689 		to_cgi_fds[0] = fdevent_open_devnull();
690 		if (-1 == to_cgi_fds[0]) {
691 			log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "open /dev/null");
692 			return -1;
693 		}
694 	}
695 	else if (!(r->conf.stream_request_body /*(if not streaming request body)*/
696 	           & (FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST|FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_BUFMIN))) {
697 		chunkqueue * const cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
698 		chunk * const c = cq->first;
699 		if (c && c == cq->last && c->type == FILE_CHUNK && c->file.is_temp) {
700 			/* request body in single tempfile if not streaming req body */
701 			if (-1 == c->file.fd
702 			    && 0 != chunkqueue_open_file_chunk(cq, r->conf.errh))
703 				return -1;
704 			if (-1 == lseek(c->file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
705 				log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
706 				  "lseek %s", c->mem->ptr);
707 				return -1;
708 			}
709 			to_cgi_fds[0] = c->file.fd;
710 			to_cgi_fds[1] = -1;
711 		}
712 	}
713   #endif
714 
715 	if (-1 == to_cgi_fds[0] && pipe_cloexec(to_cgi_fds)) {
716 		log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "pipe failed");
717 		return -1;
718 	}
719 	if (pipe_cloexec(from_cgi_fds)) {
720 		if (0 == r->reqbody_length) {
721 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
722 		}
723 		else if (-1 != to_cgi_fds[1]) {
724 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
725 			close(to_cgi_fds[1]);
726 		}
727 		log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "pipe failed");
728 		return -1;
729 	}
730 
731 	env_accum * const env = &p->env;
732 	env->b = chunk_buffer_acquire();
733 	env->boffsets = chunk_buffer_acquire();
734 	buffer_truncate(env->b, 0);
735 	char **envp;
736 	{
737 		size_t i = 0;
738 		http_cgi_opts opts = { 0, 0, NULL, NULL };
739 		env->offsets = (uintptr_t *)(void *)env->boffsets->ptr;
740 		env->osize = env->boffsets->size/sizeof(*env->offsets);
741 		env->oused = 0;
742 
743 		/* create environment */
744 
745 		http_cgi_headers(r, &opts, cgi_env_add, env);
746 
747 		/* for valgrind */
748 		if (p->env.ld_preload) {
749 			cgi_env_add(env, CONST_STR_LEN("LD_PRELOAD"), BUF_PTR_LEN(p->env.ld_preload));
750 		}
751 		if (p->env.ld_library_path) {
752 			cgi_env_add(env, CONST_STR_LEN("LD_LIBRARY_PATH"), BUF_PTR_LEN(p->env.ld_library_path));
753 		}
754 	      #ifdef __CYGWIN__
755 		/* CYGWIN needs SYSTEMROOT */
756 		if (p->env.systemroot) {
757 			cgi_env_add(env, CONST_STR_LEN("SYSTEMROOT"), BUF_PTR_LEN(p->env.systemroot));
758 		}
759 	      #endif
760 
761 		/* adjust (uintptr_t) offsets to (char *) ptr
762 		 * (stored as offsets while accumulating in buffer,
763 		 *  in case buffer is reallocated during env creation) */
764 		if (__builtin_expect( (env->osize == env->oused), 0))
765 			cgi_env_offset_resize(env);
766 		envp = (char **)env->offsets;
767 		envp[env->oused] = NULL;
768 		const uintptr_t baseptr = (uintptr_t)env->b->ptr;
769 		for (i = 0; i < env->oused; ++i)
770 			envp[i] += baseptr;
771 
772 		/* set up args */
773 		i = 0;
774 
775 		if (!buffer_is_blank(cgi_handler)) {
776 			args[i++] = cgi_handler->ptr;
777 		}
778 		args[i++] = r->physical.path.ptr;
779 		args[i  ] = NULL;
780 	}
781 
782 	int dfd = fdevent_open_dirname(r->physical.path.ptr,r->conf.follow_symlink);
783 	if (-1 == dfd) {
784 		log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "open dirname %s failed", r->physical.path.ptr);
785 	}
786 
787 	int serrh_fd = r->conf.serrh ? r->conf.serrh->errorlog_fd : -1;
788 	pid_t pid = (dfd >= 0)
789 	  ? fdevent_fork_execve(args[0], args, envp,
790 	                        to_cgi_fds[0], from_cgi_fds[1], serrh_fd, dfd)
791 	  : -1;
792 
793 	chunk_buffer_release(env->boffsets);
794 	chunk_buffer_release(env->b);
795 	env->boffsets = NULL;
796 	env->b = NULL;
797 
798 	if (-1 == pid) {
799 		/* log error with errno prior to calling close() (might change errno) */
800 		log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "fork failed");
801 		if (-1 != dfd) close(dfd);
802 		close(from_cgi_fds[0]);
803 		close(from_cgi_fds[1]);
804 		if (0 == r->reqbody_length) {
805 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
806 		}
807 		else if (-1 != to_cgi_fds[1]) {
808 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
809 			close(to_cgi_fds[1]);
810 		}
811 		return -1;
812 	} else {
813 		if (-1 != dfd) close(dfd);
814 		close(from_cgi_fds[1]);
815 
816 		hctx->fd = from_cgi_fds[0];
817 		hctx->cgi_pid = cgi_pid_add(p, pid, hctx);
818 
819 		if (0 == r->reqbody_length) {
820 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
821 		}
822 		else if (-1 == to_cgi_fds[1]) {
823 			chunkqueue * const cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
824 			chunkqueue_mark_written(cq, chunkqueue_length(cq));
825 		}
826 		else if (0 == fdevent_fcntl_set_nb(to_cgi_fds[1])
827 		         && 0 == cgi_write_request(hctx, to_cgi_fds[1])) {
828 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
829 			++r->con->srv->cur_fds;
830 		}
831 		else {
832 			close(to_cgi_fds[0]);
833 			close(to_cgi_fds[1]);
834 			/*(hctx->fd not yet registered with fdevent, so manually
835 			 * cleanup here; see fdevent_register() further below)*/
836 			close(hctx->fd);
837 			hctx->fd = -1;
838 			cgi_connection_close(hctx);
839 			return -1;
840 		}
841 
842 		++r->con->srv->cur_fds;
843 
844 		struct fdevents * const ev = hctx->ev;
845 		hctx->fdn = fdevent_register(ev, hctx->fd, cgi_handle_fdevent, hctx);
846 		if (-1 == fdevent_fcntl_set_nb(hctx->fd)) {
847 			log_perror(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__, "fcntl failed");
848 			cgi_connection_close(hctx);
849 			return -1;
850 		}
851 		hctx->read_ts = log_monotonic_secs;
852 		fdevent_fdnode_event_set(ev, hctx->fdn, FDEVENT_IN | FDEVENT_RDHUP);
853 
854 		return 0;
855 	}
856 }
857 
858 URIHANDLER_FUNC(cgi_is_handled) {
859 	plugin_data *p = p_d;
860 	const stat_cache_st *st;
861 	data_string *ds;
862 
863 	if (NULL != r->handler_module) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
864 	/* r->physical.path is non-empty for handle_subrequest_start */
865 	/*if (buffer_is_blank(&r->physical.path)) return HANDLER_GO_ON;*/
866 
867 	mod_cgi_patch_config(r, p);
868 	if (NULL == p->conf.cgi) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
869 
870 	ds = (data_string *)array_match_key_suffix(p->conf.cgi, &r->physical.path);
871 	if (NULL == ds) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
872 
873 	/* r->tmp_sce is set in http_response_physical_path_check() and is valid
874 	 * in handle_subrequest_start callback -- handle_subrequest_start callbacks
875 	 * should not change r->physical.path (or should invalidate r->tmp_sce) */
876 	st = r->tmp_sce && buffer_is_equal(&r->tmp_sce->name, &r->physical.path)
877 	   ? &r->tmp_sce->st
878 	   : stat_cache_path_stat(&r->physical.path);
879 	if (NULL == st) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
880 
881 	/* (aside: CGI might be executable even if it is not readable) */
882 	if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode)) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
883 	if (p->conf.execute_x_only == 1 && (st->st_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)) == 0) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
884 
885 	if (r->reqbody_length
886 	    && p->tempfile_accum
887 	    && !(r->conf.stream_request_body /*(if not streaming request body)*/
888 	         & (FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST|FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_BUFMIN))) {
889 		/* store request body in single tempfile if not streaming request body*/
890 		r->reqbody_queue.upload_temp_file_size = INTMAX_MAX;
891 	}
892 
893 	{
894 		handler_ctx *hctx = cgi_handler_ctx_init();
895 		hctx->ev = r->con->srv->ev;
896 		hctx->r = r;
897 		hctx->plugin_data = p;
898 		hctx->cgi_handler = &ds->value;
899 		memcpy(&hctx->conf, &p->conf, sizeof(plugin_config));
900 		hctx->conf.upgrade =
901 		  hctx->conf.upgrade
902 		  && r->http_version == HTTP_VERSION_1_1
903 		  && light_btst(r->rqst_htags, HTTP_HEADER_UPGRADE);
904 		hctx->opts.fdfmt = S_IFIFO;
905 		hctx->opts.backend = BACKEND_CGI;
906 		hctx->opts.authorizer = 0;
907 		hctx->opts.local_redir = hctx->conf.local_redir;
908 		hctx->opts.xsendfile_allow = hctx->conf.xsendfile_allow;
909 		hctx->opts.xsendfile_docroot = hctx->conf.xsendfile_docroot;
910 		hctx->opts.pdata = hctx;
911 		hctx->opts.headers = cgi_response_headers;
912 		r->plugin_ctx[p->id] = hctx;
913 		r->handler_module = p->self;
914 	}
915 
916 	return HANDLER_GO_ON;
917 }
918 
919 __attribute_cold__
920 __attribute_noinline__
921 static handler_t mod_cgi_local_redir(request_st * const r) {
922     /* must be called from mod_cgi_handle_subrequest() so that HANDLER_COMEBACK
923      * return value propagates back through connection_state_machine() */
924     http_response_reset(r); /*(includes r->http_status = 0)*/
925     plugins_call_handle_request_reset(r);
926     /*cgi_connection_close(hctx);*//*(already cleaned up and hctx is now invalid)*/
927     return HANDLER_COMEBACK;
928 }
929 
930 /*
931  * - HANDLER_GO_ON : not our job
932  * - HANDLER_FINISHED: got response
933  * - HANDLER_WAIT_FOR_EVENT: waiting for response
934  */
935 SUBREQUEST_FUNC(mod_cgi_handle_subrequest) {
936 	plugin_data * const p = p_d;
937 	handler_ctx * const hctx = r->plugin_ctx[p->id];
938 	if (NULL == hctx) return HANDLER_GO_ON;
939 
940 	if (2 == hctx->conf.local_redir) return mod_cgi_local_redir(r);
941 
942 	if ((r->conf.stream_response_body & FDEVENT_STREAM_RESPONSE_BUFMIN)
943 	    && r->resp_body_started) {
944 		if (chunkqueue_length(&r->write_queue) > 65536 - 4096) {
945 			fdevent_fdnode_event_clr(hctx->ev, hctx->fdn, FDEVENT_IN);
946 		} else if (!(fdevent_fdnode_interest(hctx->fdn) & FDEVENT_IN)) {
947 			/* optimistic read from backend */
948 			handler_t rc = cgi_recv_response(r, hctx);  /*(might invalidate hctx)*/
949 			if (rc == HANDLER_COMEBACK) mod_cgi_local_redir(r);
950 			if (rc != HANDLER_GO_ON) return rc;          /*(unless HANDLER_GO_ON)*/
951 			hctx->read_ts = log_monotonic_secs;
952 			fdevent_fdnode_event_add(hctx->ev, hctx->fdn, FDEVENT_IN);
953 		}
954 	}
955 
956 	chunkqueue * const cq = &r->reqbody_queue;
957 
958 	if (cq->bytes_in != (off_t)r->reqbody_length) {
959 		/*(64k - 4k to attempt to avoid temporary files
960 		 * in conjunction with FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_BUFMIN)*/
961 		if (chunkqueue_length(cq) > 65536 - 4096
962 		    && (r->conf.stream_request_body & FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_BUFMIN)){
963 			r->conf.stream_request_body &= ~FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST_POLLIN;
964 			if (-1 != hctx->fd) return HANDLER_WAIT_FOR_EVENT;
965 		} else {
966 			handler_t rc = r->con->reqbody_read(r);
967 			if (!chunkqueue_is_empty(cq)) {
968 				if (fdevent_fdnode_interest(hctx->fdntocgi) & FDEVENT_OUT) {
969 					return (rc == HANDLER_GO_ON) ? HANDLER_WAIT_FOR_EVENT : rc;
970 				}
971 			}
972 			if (rc != HANDLER_GO_ON) return rc;
973 
974 			/* CGI environment requires that Content-Length be set.
975 			 * Send 411 Length Required if Content-Length missing.
976 			 * (occurs here if client sends Transfer-Encoding: chunked
977 			 *  and module is flagged to stream request body to backend) */
978 			if (-1 == r->reqbody_length) {
979 				return (r->conf.stream_request_body & FDEVENT_STREAM_REQUEST)
980 				  ? http_response_reqbody_read_error(r, 411)
981 				  : HANDLER_WAIT_FOR_EVENT;
982 			}
983 		}
984 	}
985 
986 	if (-1 == hctx->fd) {
987 		if (cgi_create_env(r, p, hctx, hctx->cgi_handler)) {
988 			r->http_status = 500;
989 			r->handler_module = NULL;
990 
991 			return HANDLER_FINISHED;
992 		}
993 	} else if (!chunkqueue_is_empty(cq)) {
994 		if (0 != cgi_write_request(hctx, hctx->fdtocgi)) {
995 			cgi_connection_close(hctx);
996 			return HANDLER_ERROR;
997 		}
998 	}
999 
1000 	/* if not done, wait for CGI to close stdout, so we read EOF on pipe */
1001 	return HANDLER_WAIT_FOR_EVENT;
1002 }
1003 
1004 
1005 __attribute_cold__
1006 __attribute_noinline__
1007 static void cgi_trigger_hctx_timeout(handler_ctx * const hctx, const char * const msg) {
1008     request_st * const r = hctx->r;
1009     joblist_append(r->con);
1010 
1011     log_error(r->conf.errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
1012       "%s timeout on CGI: %s (pid: %lld)",
1013       msg, r->physical.path.ptr, (long long)hctx->cgi_pid->pid);
1014 
1015     if (*msg == 'w') { /* "write" */
1016         /* theoretically, response might be waiting on hctx->fdn pipe
1017          * if it arrived since we last checked for event, and if CGI
1018          * timeout out while reading (or did not read) request body */
1019         handler_t rc = cgi_recv_response(r, hctx); /*(might invalidate hctx)*/
1020         if (rc != HANDLER_GO_ON) return;            /*(unless HANDLER_GO_ON)*/
1021     }
1022 
1023     if (0 == r->http_status) r->http_status = 504; /* Gateway Timeout */
1024     cgi_connection_close(hctx);
1025 }
1026 
1027 
1028 static handler_t cgi_trigger_cb(server *srv, void *p_d) {
1029     UNUSED(srv);
1030     const unix_time64_t mono = log_monotonic_secs;
1031     plugin_data * const p = p_d;
1032     for (cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid = p->cgi_pid; cgi_pid; cgi_pid = cgi_pid->next) {
1033         /*(hctx stays in cgi_pid list until process pid is reaped,
1034          * so p->cgi_pid[] is not modified during this loop)*/
1035         handler_ctx * const hctx = cgi_pid->hctx;
1036         if (!hctx) continue; /*(already called cgi_pid_kill())*/
1037         const cgi_limits * const limits = hctx->conf.limits;
1038         if (NULL == limits) continue;
1039         if (limits->read_timeout && hctx->fdn
1040             && (fdevent_fdnode_interest(hctx->fdn) & FDEVENT_IN)
1041             && mono - hctx->read_ts > limits->read_timeout) {
1042             cgi_trigger_hctx_timeout(hctx, "read");
1043             continue;
1044         }
1045         if (limits->write_timeout && hctx->fdntocgi
1046             && (fdevent_fdnode_interest(hctx->fdntocgi) & FDEVENT_OUT)
1047             && mono - hctx->write_ts > limits->write_timeout) {
1048             cgi_trigger_hctx_timeout(hctx, "write");
1049             continue;
1050         }
1051     }
1052     return HANDLER_GO_ON;
1053 }
1054 
1055 
1056 static handler_t cgi_waitpid_cb(server *srv, void *p_d, pid_t pid, int status) {
1057     /*(XXX: if supporting a large number of CGI, might use a different algorithm
1058      * instead of linked list, e.g. splaytree indexed with pid)*/
1059     plugin_data *p = (plugin_data *)p_d;
1060     for (cgi_pid_t *cgi_pid = p->cgi_pid; cgi_pid; cgi_pid = cgi_pid->next) {
1061         if (pid != cgi_pid->pid) continue;
1062 
1063         handler_ctx * const hctx = cgi_pid->hctx;
1064         if (hctx) hctx->cgi_pid = NULL;
1065         cgi_pid_del(p, cgi_pid);
1066 
1067         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1068             /* (skip logging (non-zero) CGI exit; might be very noisy) */
1069         }
1070         else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1071             /* ignore SIGTERM if sent by cgi_connection_close() (NULL == hctx)*/
1072             if (WTERMSIG(status) != SIGTERM || NULL != hctx) {
1073                 log_error_st *errh = hctx ? hctx->r->conf.errh : srv->errh;
1074                 log_error(errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
1075                   "CGI pid %d died with signal %d", pid, WTERMSIG(status));
1076             }
1077         }
1078         else {
1079             log_error_st *errh = hctx ? hctx->r->conf.errh : srv->errh;
1080             log_error(errh, __FILE__, __LINE__,
1081               "CGI pid %d ended unexpectedly", pid);
1082         }
1083 
1084         return HANDLER_FINISHED;
1085     }
1086 
1087     return HANDLER_GO_ON;
1088 }
1089 
1090 
1091 int mod_cgi_plugin_init(plugin *p);
1092 int mod_cgi_plugin_init(plugin *p) {
1093 	p->version     = LIGHTTPD_VERSION_ID;
1094 	p->name        = "cgi";
1095 
1096 	p->handle_request_reset = cgi_connection_close_callback;
1097 	p->handle_subrequest_start = cgi_is_handled;
1098 	p->handle_subrequest = mod_cgi_handle_subrequest;
1099 	p->handle_trigger = cgi_trigger_cb;
1100 	p->handle_waitpid = cgi_waitpid_cb;
1101 	p->init           = mod_cgi_init;
1102 	p->cleanup        = mod_cgi_free;
1103 	p->set_defaults   = mod_cgi_set_defaults;
1104 
1105 	return 0;
1106 }
1107