xref: /libevent-2.1.12/sample/https-client.c (revision f3d7ff5d)

/*
  This is an example of how to hook up evhttp with bufferevent_ssl

  It just GETs an https URL given on the command-line and prints the response
  body to stdout.

  Actually, it also accepts plain http URLs to make it easy to compare http vs
  https code paths.

  Loosely based on le-proxy.c.
 */

// Get rid of OSX 10.7 and greater deprecation warnings.
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>

#define snprintf _snprintf
#define strcasecmp _stricmp
#else
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif

#include <event2/bufferevent_ssl.h>
#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include <event2/util.h>
#include <event2/http.h>

#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>

#include "openssl_hostname_validation.h"

static struct event_base *base;
static int ignore_cert = 0;

static void
http_request_done(struct evhttp_request *req, void *ctx)
{
	char buffer[256];
	int nread;

	if (req == NULL) {
		/* If req is NULL, it means an error occurred, but
		 * sadly we are mostly left guessing what the error
		 * might have been.  We'll do our best... */
		struct bufferevent *bev = (struct bufferevent *) ctx;
		unsigned long oslerr;
		int printed_err = 0;
		int errcode = EVUTIL_SOCKET_ERROR();
		fprintf(stderr, "some request failed - no idea which one though!\n");
		/* Print out the OpenSSL error queue that libevent
		 * squirreled away for us, if any. */
		while ((oslerr = bufferevent_get_openssl_error(bev))) {
			ERR_error_string_n(oslerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
			printed_err = 1;
		}
		/* If the OpenSSL error queue was empty, maybe it was a
		 * socket error; let's try printing that. */
		if (! printed_err)
			fprintf(stderr, "socket error = %s (%d)\n",
				evutil_socket_error_to_string(errcode),
				errcode);
		return;
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "Response line: %d %s\n",
	    evhttp_request_get_response_code(req),
	    evhttp_request_get_response_code_line(req));

	while ((nread = evbuffer_remove(evhttp_request_get_input_buffer(req),
		    buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
	       > 0) {
		/* These are just arbitrary chunks of 256 bytes.
		 * They are not lines, so we can't treat them as such. */
		fwrite(buffer, nread, 1, stdout);
	}
}

static void
syntax(void)
{
	fputs("Syntax:\n", stderr);
	fputs("   https-client -url <https-url> [-data data-file.bin] [-ignore-cert] [-retries num]\n", stderr);
	fputs("Example:\n", stderr);
	fputs("   https-client -url https://ip.appspot.com/\n", stderr);
}

static void
err(const char *msg)
{
	fputs(msg, stderr);
}

static void
err_openssl(const char *func)
{
	fprintf (stderr, "%s failed:\n", func);

	/* This is the OpenSSL function that prints the contents of the
	 * error stack to the specified file handle. */
	ERR_print_errors_fp (stderr);

	exit(1);
}

/* See http://archives.seul.org/libevent/users/Jan-2013/msg00039.html */
static int cert_verify_callback(X509_STORE_CTX *x509_ctx, void *arg)
{
	char cert_str[256];
	const char *host = (const char *) arg;
	const char *res_str = "X509_verify_cert failed";
	HostnameValidationResult res = Error;

	/* This is the function that OpenSSL would call if we hadn't called
	 * SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback().  Therefore, we are "wrapping"
	 * the default functionality, rather than replacing it. */
	int ok_so_far = 0;

	X509 *server_cert = NULL;

	if (ignore_cert) {
		return 1;
	}

	ok_so_far = X509_verify_cert(x509_ctx);

	server_cert = X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(x509_ctx);

	if (ok_so_far) {
		res = validate_hostname(host, server_cert);

		switch (res) {
		case MatchFound:
			res_str = "MatchFound";
			break;
		case MatchNotFound:
			res_str = "MatchNotFound";
			break;
		case NoSANPresent:
			res_str = "NoSANPresent";
			break;
		case MalformedCertificate:
			res_str = "MalformedCertificate";
			break;
		case Error:
			res_str = "Error";
			break;
		default:
			res_str = "WTF!";
			break;
		}
	}

	X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name (server_cert),
			  cert_str, sizeof (cert_str));

	if (res == MatchFound) {
		printf("https server '%s' has this certificate, "
		       "which looks good to me:\n%s\n",
		       host, cert_str);
		return 1;
	} else {
		printf("Got '%s' for hostname '%s' and certificate:\n%s\n",
		       res_str, host, cert_str);
		return 0;
	}
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int r;

	struct evhttp_uri *http_uri = NULL;
	const char *url = NULL, *data_file = NULL;
	const char *scheme, *host, *path, *query;
	char uri[256];
	int port;
	int retries = 0;

	SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx = NULL;
	SSL *ssl = NULL;
	struct bufferevent *bev;
	struct evhttp_connection *evcon = NULL;
	struct evhttp_request *req;
	struct evkeyvalq *output_headers;
	struct evbuffer *output_buffer;

	int i;
	int ret = 0;
	enum { HTTP, HTTPS } type = HTTP;

	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		if (!strcmp("-url", argv[i])) {
			if (i < argc - 1) {
				url = argv[i + 1];
			} else {
				syntax();
				goto error;
			}
		} else if (!strcmp("-ignore-cert", argv[i])) {
			ignore_cert = 1;
		} else if (!strcmp("-data", argv[i])) {
			if (i < argc - 1) {
				data_file = argv[i + 1];
			} else {
				syntax();
				goto error;
			}
		} else if (!strcmp("-retries", argv[i])) {
			if (i < argc - 1) {
				retries = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
			} else {
				syntax();
				goto error;
			}
		} else if (!strcmp("-help", argv[i])) {
			syntax();
			goto error;
		}
	}

	if (!url) {
		syntax();
		goto error;
	}

#ifdef _WIN32
	{
		WORD wVersionRequested;
		WSADATA wsaData;
		int err;

		wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);

		err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
		if (err != 0) {
			printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
			goto error;
		}
	}
#endif // _WIN32

	http_uri = evhttp_uri_parse(url);
	if (http_uri == NULL) {
		err("malformed url");
		goto error;
	}

	scheme = evhttp_uri_get_scheme(http_uri);
	if (scheme == NULL || (strcasecmp(scheme, "https") != 0 &&
	                       strcasecmp(scheme, "http") != 0)) {
		err("url must be http or https");
		goto error;
	}

	host = evhttp_uri_get_host(http_uri);
	if (host == NULL) {
		err("url must have a host");
		goto error;
	}

	port = evhttp_uri_get_port(http_uri);
	if (port == -1) {
		port = (strcasecmp(scheme, "http") == 0) ? 80 : 443;
	}

	path = evhttp_uri_get_path(http_uri);
	if (strlen(path) == 0) {
		path = "/";
	}

	query = evhttp_uri_get_query(http_uri);
	if (query == NULL) {
		snprintf(uri, sizeof(uri) - 1, "%s", path);
	} else {
		snprintf(uri, sizeof(uri) - 1, "%s?%s", path, query);
	}
	uri[sizeof(uri) - 1] = '\0';

	// Initialize OpenSSL
	SSL_library_init();
	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
	SSL_load_error_strings();
	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();

	/* This isn't strictly necessary... OpenSSL performs RAND_poll
	 * automatically on first use of random number generator. */
	r = RAND_poll();
	if (r == 0) {
		err_openssl("RAND_poll");
		goto error;
	}

	/* Create a new OpenSSL context */
	ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
	if (!ssl_ctx) {
		err_openssl("SSL_CTX_new");
		goto error;
	}

#ifndef _WIN32
	/* TODO: Add certificate loading on Windows as well */

	/* Attempt to use the system's trusted root certificates.
	 * (This path is only valid for Debian-based systems.) */
	if (1 != SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ssl_ctx,
					       "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt",
					       NULL)) {
		err_openssl("SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations");
		goto error;
	}
	/* Ask OpenSSL to verify the server certificate.  Note that this
	 * does NOT include verifying that the hostname is correct.
	 * So, by itself, this means anyone with any legitimate
	 * CA-issued certificate for any website, can impersonate any
	 * other website in the world.  This is not good.  See "The
	 * Most Dangerous Code in the World" article at
	 * https://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/abstracts/ssl-client-bugs.html
	 */
	SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);
	/* This is how we solve the problem mentioned in the previous
	 * comment.  We "wrap" OpenSSL's validation routine in our
	 * own routine, which also validates the hostname by calling
	 * the code provided by iSECPartners.  Note that even though
	 * the "Everything You've Always Wanted to Know About
	 * Certificate Validation With OpenSSL (But Were Afraid to
	 * Ask)" paper from iSECPartners says very explicitly not to
	 * call SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback (at the bottom of
	 * page 2), what we're doing here is safe because our
	 * cert_verify_callback() calls X509_verify_cert(), which is
	 * OpenSSL's built-in routine which would have been called if
	 * we hadn't set the callback.  Therefore, we're just
	 * "wrapping" OpenSSL's routine, not replacing it. */
	SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback(ssl_ctx, cert_verify_callback,
					  (void *) host);
#endif // not _WIN32

	// Create event base
	base = event_base_new();
	if (!base) {
		perror("event_base_new()");
		goto error;
	}

	// Create OpenSSL bufferevent and stack evhttp on top of it
	ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
	if (ssl == NULL) {
		err_openssl("SSL_new()");
		goto error;
	}

	#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
	// Set hostname for SNI extension
	SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, host);
	#endif

	if (strcasecmp(scheme, "http") == 0) {
		bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, -1, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
	} else {
		type = HTTPS;
		bev = bufferevent_openssl_socket_new(base, -1, ssl,
			BUFFEREVENT_SSL_CONNECTING,
			BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE|BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS);
	}

	if (bev == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "bufferevent_openssl_socket_new() failed\n");
		goto error;
	}

	bufferevent_openssl_set_allow_dirty_shutdown(bev, 1);

	// For simplicity, we let DNS resolution block. Everything else should be
	// asynchronous though.
	evcon = evhttp_connection_base_bufferevent_new(base, NULL, bev,
		host, port);
	if (evcon == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "evhttp_connection_base_bufferevent_new() failed\n");
		goto error;
	}

	if (retries > 0) {
		evhttp_connection_set_retries(evcon, retries);
	}

	// Fire off the request
	req = evhttp_request_new(http_request_done, bev);
	if (req == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "evhttp_request_new() failed\n");
		goto error;
	}

	output_headers = evhttp_request_get_output_headers(req);
	evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Host", host);
	evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Connection", "close");

	if (data_file) {
		/* NOTE: In production code, you'd probably want to use
		 * evbuffer_add_file() or evbuffer_add_file_segment(), to
		 * avoid needless copying. */
		FILE * f = fopen(data_file, "rb");
		char buf[1024];
		size_t s;
		size_t bytes = 0;

		if (!f) {
			syntax();
			goto error;
		}

		output_buffer = evhttp_request_get_output_buffer(req);
		while ((s = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), f)) > 0) {
			evbuffer_add(output_buffer, buf, s);
			bytes += s;
		}
		evutil_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf)-1, "%lu", (unsigned long)bytes);
		evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Content-Length", buf);
		fclose(f);
	}

	r = evhttp_make_request(evcon, req, data_file ? EVHTTP_REQ_POST : EVHTTP_REQ_GET, uri);
	if (r != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "evhttp_make_request() failed\n");
		goto error;
	}

	event_base_dispatch(base);
	goto cleanup;

error:
	ret = 1;
cleanup:
	if (evcon)
		evhttp_connection_free(evcon);
	if (http_uri)
		evhttp_uri_free(http_uri);
	event_base_free(base);

	if (ssl_ctx)
		SSL_CTX_free(ssl_ctx);
	if (type == HTTP && ssl)
		SSL_free(ssl);
	EVP_cleanup();
	ERR_free_strings();

	ERR_remove_state(0);
	CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();

	sk_SSL_COMP_free(SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods());

#ifdef _WIN32
	WSACleanup();
#endif

	return ret;
}