xref: /freebsd-14.2/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision ab71e348)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef lint
33 static const char copyright[] =
34 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
35 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #if 0
39 #ifndef lint
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 #endif
43 
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/proc.h>
47 #include <sys/uio.h>
48 #include <sys/namei.h>
49 #include <sys/malloc.h>
50 #include <sys/signal.h>
51 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
52 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
53 #include <sys/resource.h>
54 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
55 #include <sys/time.h>
56 #include <sys/user.h>
57 #define	_WANT_VMMETER
58 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
59 #include <sys/pcpu.h>
60 
61 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
62 
63 #include <ctype.h>
64 #include <devstat.h>
65 #include <err.h>
66 #include <errno.h>
67 #include <inttypes.h>
68 #include <kvm.h>
69 #include <limits.h>
70 #include <memstat.h>
71 #include <nlist.h>
72 #include <paths.h>
73 #include <stdio.h>
74 #include <stdlib.h>
75 #include <string.h>
76 #include <sysexits.h>
77 #include <time.h>
78 #include <unistd.h>
79 #include <libutil.h>
80 #include <libxo/xo.h>
81 
82 #define VMSTAT_XO_VERSION "1"
83 
84 static char da[] = "da";
85 
86 enum x_stats { X_SUM, X_HZ, X_STATHZ, X_NCHSTATS, X_INTRNAMES, X_SINTRNAMES,
87     X_INTRCNT, X_SINTRCNT, X_NINTRCNT };
88 
89 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
90 	[X_SUM] = { .n_name = "_vm_cnt", },
91 	[X_HZ] = { .n_name = "_hz", },
92 	[X_STATHZ] = { .n_name = "_stathz", },
93 	[X_NCHSTATS] = { .n_name = "_nchstats", },
94 	[X_INTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_intrnames", },
95 	[X_SINTRNAMES] = { .n_name = "_sintrnames", },
96 	[X_INTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_intrcnt", },
97 	[X_SINTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_sintrcnt", },
98 	[X_NINTRCNT] = { .n_name = "_nintrcnt", },
99 	{ .n_name = NULL, },
100 };
101 
102 static struct devstat_match *matches;
103 static struct device_selection *dev_select;
104 static struct statinfo cur, last;
105 static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
106 static size_t size_cp_times;
107 static long *cur_cp_times, *last_cp_times;
108 static long generation, select_generation;
109 static int hz, hdrcnt, maxshowdevs;
110 static int num_devices, num_devices_specified;
111 static int num_matches, num_selected, num_selections;
112 static char **specified_devices;
113 
114 static struct __vmmeter {
115 	uint64_t v_swtch;
116 	uint64_t v_trap;
117 	uint64_t v_syscall;
118 	uint64_t v_intr;
119 	uint64_t v_soft;
120 	uint64_t v_vm_faults;
121 	uint64_t v_io_faults;
122 	uint64_t v_cow_faults;
123 	uint64_t v_cow_optim;
124 	uint64_t v_zfod;
125 	uint64_t v_ozfod;
126 	uint64_t v_swapin;
127 	uint64_t v_swapout;
128 	uint64_t v_swappgsin;
129 	uint64_t v_swappgsout;
130 	uint64_t v_vnodein;
131 	uint64_t v_vnodeout;
132 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsin;
133 	uint64_t v_vnodepgsout;
134 	uint64_t v_intrans;
135 	uint64_t v_reactivated;
136 	uint64_t v_pdwakeups;
137 	uint64_t v_pdpages;
138 	uint64_t v_pdshortfalls;
139 	uint64_t v_dfree;
140 	uint64_t v_pfree;
141 	uint64_t v_tfree;
142 	uint64_t v_forks;
143 	uint64_t v_vforks;
144 	uint64_t v_rforks;
145 	uint64_t v_kthreads;
146 	uint64_t v_forkpages;
147 	uint64_t v_vforkpages;
148 	uint64_t v_rforkpages;
149 	uint64_t v_kthreadpages;
150 	u_int v_page_size;
151 	u_int v_page_count;
152 	u_int v_free_reserved;
153 	u_int v_free_target;
154 	u_int v_free_min;
155 	u_int v_free_count;
156 	u_int v_wire_count;
157 	u_long v_user_wire_count;
158 	u_int v_active_count;
159 	u_int v_inactive_target;
160 	u_int v_inactive_count;
161 	u_int v_laundry_count;
162 	u_int v_pageout_free_min;
163 	u_int v_interrupt_free_min;
164 	u_int v_free_severe;
165 } sum, osum;
166 
167 #define	VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES	20	/* Default number of `winlines'. */
168 static volatile sig_atomic_t wresized;		/* Tty resized when non-zero. */
169 static int winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES; /* Current number of tty rows. */
170 
171 static int	aflag;
172 static int	nflag;
173 static int	Pflag;
174 static int	hflag;
175 
176 static kvm_t	*kd;
177 
178 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
179 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
180 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
181 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
182 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
183 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
184 #define	ZMEMSTAT	0x40
185 #define	OBJSTAT		0x80
186 
187 static void	cpustats(void);
188 static void	pcpustats(u_long, int);
189 static void	devstats(void);
190 static void	doforkst(void);
191 static void	dointr(unsigned int, int);
192 static void	doobjstat(void);
193 static void	dosum(void);
194 static void	dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
195 static void	domemstat_malloc(void);
196 static void	domemstat_zone(void);
197 static void	kread(int, void *, size_t);
198 static void	kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
199 static void	kreadptr(uintptr_t, void *, size_t);
200 static void	needhdr(int);
201 static void	needresize(int);
202 static void	doresize(void);
203 static void	printhdr(int, u_long);
204 static void	usage(void);
205 
206 static long	pct(long, long);
207 static long long	getuptime(void);
208 
209 static char	**getdrivedata(char **);
210 
211 int
212 main(int argc, char *argv[])
213 {
214 	char *bp, *buf, *memf, *nlistf;
215 	float f;
216 	int bufsize, c, reps, todo;
217 	size_t len;
218 	unsigned int interval;
219 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
220 
221 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
222 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
223 	maxshowdevs = 2;
224 
225 	argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
226 	if (argc < 0)
227 		return (argc);
228 
229 	hflag = isatty(1);
230 
231 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fhHiM:mN:n:oPp:sw:z")) != -1) {
232 		switch (c) {
233 		case 'a':
234 			aflag++;
235 			break;
236 		case 'c':
237 			reps = atoi(optarg);
238 			break;
239 		case 'P':
240 			Pflag++;
241 			break;
242 		case 'f':
243 			todo |= FORKSTAT;
244 			break;
245 		case 'h':
246 			hflag = 1;
247 			break;
248 		case 'H':
249 			hflag = 0;
250 			break;
251 		case 'i':
252 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
253 			break;
254 		case 'M':
255 			memf = optarg;
256 			break;
257 		case 'm':
258 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
259 			break;
260 		case 'N':
261 			nlistf = optarg;
262 			break;
263 		case 'n':
264 			nflag = 1;
265 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
266 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
267 				xo_errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
268 				    maxshowdevs);
269 			break;
270 		case 'o':
271 			todo |= OBJSTAT;
272 			break;
273 		case 'p':
274 			if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches)
275 			    != 0)
276 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
277 			break;
278 		case 's':
279 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
280 			break;
281 		case 'w':
282 			/* Convert to milliseconds. */
283 			f = atof(optarg);
284 			interval = f * 1000;
285 			break;
286 		case 'z':
287 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
288 			break;
289 		case '?':
290 		default:
291 			usage();
292 		}
293 	}
294 	argc -= optind;
295 	argv += optind;
296 
297 	xo_set_version(VMSTAT_XO_VERSION);
298 	if (!hflag)
299 		xo_set_options(NULL, "no-humanize");
300 	if (todo == 0)
301 		todo = VMSTAT;
302 
303 	if (memf != NULL) {
304 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
305 		if (kd == NULL)
306 			xo_errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
307 	}
308 
309 retry_nlist:
310 	if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
311 		if (c > 0) {
312 			bufsize = 0;
313 			len = 0;
314 
315 			/*
316 			 * 'cnt' was renamed to 'vm_cnt'.  If 'vm_cnt' is not
317 			 * found try looking up older 'cnt' symbol.
318 			 * */
319 			if (namelist[X_SUM].n_type == 0 &&
320 			    strcmp(namelist[X_SUM].n_name, "_vm_cnt") == 0) {
321 				namelist[X_SUM].n_name = "_cnt";
322 				goto retry_nlist;
323 			}
324 
325 			/*
326 			 * 'nintrcnt' doesn't exist in older kernels, but
327 			 * that isn't fatal.
328 			 */
329 			if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0 && c == 1)
330 				goto nlist_ok;
331 
332 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
333 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
334 					bufsize += strlen(namelist[c].n_name)
335 					    + 1;
336 			bufsize += len + 1;
337 			buf = bp = alloca(bufsize);
338 
339 			for (c = 0; c < (int)(nitems(namelist)); c++)
340 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0) {
341 					xo_error(" %s",
342 					    namelist[c].n_name);
343 					len = strlen(namelist[c].n_name);
344 					*bp++ = ' ';
345 					memcpy(bp, namelist[c].n_name, len);
346 					bp += len;
347 				}
348 			*bp = '\0';
349 			xo_error("undefined symbols:\n", buf);
350 		} else
351 			xo_warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
352 		xo_finish();
353 		exit(1);
354 	}
355 nlist_ok:
356 	if (kd && Pflag)
357 		xo_errx(1, "Cannot use -P with crash dumps");
358 
359 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
360 		/*
361 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
362 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
363 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
364 		 */
365 		if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
366 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
367 
368 
369 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
370 	}
371 
372 	if (*argv) {
373 		f = atof(*argv);
374 		interval = f * 1000;
375 		if (*++argv)
376 			reps = atoi(*argv);
377 	}
378 
379 	if (interval) {
380 		if (!reps)
381 			reps = -1;
382 	} else if (reps)
383 		interval = 1 * 1000;
384 
385 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
386 		doforkst();
387 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
388 		domemstat_malloc();
389 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
390 		domemstat_zone();
391 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
392 		dosum();
393 	if (todo & OBJSTAT)
394 		doobjstat();
395 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
396 		dointr(interval, reps);
397 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
398 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
399 	xo_finish();
400 	exit(0);
401 }
402 
403 static int
404 mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp)
405 {
406 	int error;
407 
408 	error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, NULL, 0);
409 	if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
410 		xo_err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
411 	return (error);
412 }
413 
414 static char **
415 getdrivedata(char **argv)
416 {
417 
418 	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
419 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
420 
421 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
422 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
423 
424 	if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
425 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
426 
427 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
428 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
429 
430 	specified_devices = malloc(sizeof(char *));
431 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
432 		if (isdigit(**argv))
433 			break;
434 		num_devices_specified++;
435 		specified_devices = reallocf(specified_devices,
436 		    sizeof(char *) * num_devices_specified);
437 		if (specified_devices == NULL) {
438 			xo_errx(1, "%s", "reallocf (specified_devices)");
439 		}
440 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
441 	}
442 	dev_select = NULL;
443 
444 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
445 		maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
446 
447 	/*
448 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
449 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
450 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
451 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
452 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
453 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
454 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
455 	 * those devices.
456 	 */
457 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
458 		if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
459 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
460 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
461 	} else
462 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
466 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
467 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
468 	 */
469 	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
470 	    &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
471 	    num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
472 	    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
473 	    maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
474 		xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
475 
476 	return(argv);
477 }
478 
479 /* Return system uptime in nanoseconds */
480 static long long
481 getuptime(void)
482 {
483 	struct timespec sp;
484 
485 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_UPTIME, &sp);
486 	return((long long)sp.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + sp.tv_nsec);
487 }
488 
489 static void
490 fill_vmmeter(struct __vmmeter *vmmp)
491 {
492 	struct vmmeter vm_cnt;
493 	size_t size;
494 
495 	if (kd != NULL) {
496 		kread(X_SUM, &vm_cnt, sizeof(vm_cnt));
497 #define	GET_COUNTER(name) \
498 		vmmp->name = kvm_counter_u64_fetch(kd, (u_long)vm_cnt.name)
499 		GET_COUNTER(v_swtch);
500 		GET_COUNTER(v_trap);
501 		GET_COUNTER(v_syscall);
502 		GET_COUNTER(v_intr);
503 		GET_COUNTER(v_soft);
504 		GET_COUNTER(v_vm_faults);
505 		GET_COUNTER(v_io_faults);
506 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_faults);
507 		GET_COUNTER(v_cow_optim);
508 		GET_COUNTER(v_zfod);
509 		GET_COUNTER(v_ozfod);
510 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapin);
511 		GET_COUNTER(v_swapout);
512 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsin);
513 		GET_COUNTER(v_swappgsout);
514 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodein);
515 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodeout);
516 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsin);
517 		GET_COUNTER(v_vnodepgsout);
518 		GET_COUNTER(v_intrans);
519 		GET_COUNTER(v_tfree);
520 		GET_COUNTER(v_forks);
521 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforks);
522 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforks);
523 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreads);
524 		GET_COUNTER(v_forkpages);
525 		GET_COUNTER(v_vforkpages);
526 		GET_COUNTER(v_rforkpages);
527 		GET_COUNTER(v_kthreadpages);
528 #undef GET_COUNTER
529 	} else {
530 #define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name)	do {					\
531 	size = sizeof(vmmp->name);					\
532 	mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size);	\
533 } while (0)
534 		/* sys */
535 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
536 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
537 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
538 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
539 		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
540 
541 		/* vm */
542 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
543 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_io_faults);
544 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
545 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
546 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
547 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
548 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
549 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
550 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
551 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
552 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
553 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
554 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
555 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
556 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
557 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
558 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
559 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
560 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdshortfalls);
561 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
562 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
563 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
564 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
565 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
566 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
567 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
568 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
569 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
570 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
571 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_user_wire_count);
572 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
573 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
574 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
575 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_laundry_count);
576 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
577 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
578 		/*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
579 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
580 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
581 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
582 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
583 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
584 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
585 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
586 		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
587 #undef GET_VM_STATS
588 	}
589 }
590 
591 static void
592 fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
593 {
594 	size_t size;
595 
596 	if (kd != NULL) {
597 		/* XXX fill vmtp */
598 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
599 	} else {
600 		size = sizeof(*vmtp);
601 		mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size);
602 		if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
603 			xo_errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
604 	}
605 }
606 
607 /* Determine how many cpu columns, and what index they are in kern.cp_times */
608 static void
609 getcpuinfo(u_long *maskp, int *maxidp)
610 {
611 	long *times;
612 	u_long mask;
613 	size_t size;
614 	int empty, i, j, maxcpu, maxid;
615 
616 	if (kd != NULL)
617 		xo_errx(1, "not implemented");
618 	mask = 0;
619 	size = sizeof(maxcpu);
620 	mysysctl("kern.smp.maxcpus", &maxcpu, &size);
621 	if (size != sizeof(maxcpu))
622 		xo_errx(1, "sysctl kern.smp.maxcpus");
623 	size = sizeof(long) * maxcpu * CPUSTATES;
624 	times = malloc(size);
625 	if (times == NULL)
626 		xo_err(1, "malloc %zd bytes", size);
627 	mysysctl("kern.cp_times", times, &size);
628 	maxid = (size / CPUSTATES / sizeof(long)) - 1;
629 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
630 		empty = 1;
631 		for (j = 0; empty && j < CPUSTATES; j++) {
632 			if (times[i * CPUSTATES + j] != 0)
633 				empty = 0;
634 		}
635 		if (!empty)
636 			mask |= (1ul << i);
637 	}
638 	if (maskp)
639 		*maskp = mask;
640 	if (maxidp)
641 		*maxidp = maxid;
642 }
643 
644 static void
645 dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
646 {
647 	struct clockinfo clockrate;
648 	struct vmtotal total;
649 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
650 	u_long cpumask;
651 	size_t size;
652 	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
653 	int maxid, rate_adj, retval;
654 
655 	uptime = getuptime() / 1000000000LL;
656 	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
657 	rate_adj = 1;
658 	maxid = 0;
659 	cpumask = 0;
660 
661 	/*
662 	 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
663 	 * print out the header again.
664 	 */
665 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
666 
667 	/*
668 	 * If our standard output is a tty, then install a SIGWINCH handler
669 	 * and set wresized so that our first iteration through the main
670 	 * vmstat loop will peek at the terminal's current rows to find out
671 	 * how many lines can fit in a screenful of output.
672 	 */
673 	if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0) {
674 		wresized = 1;
675 		(void)signal(SIGWINCH, needresize);
676 	} else {
677 		wresized = 0;
678 		winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
679 	}
680 
681 	if (kd != NULL) {
682 		if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
683 		    namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
684 			kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
685 		if (!hz)
686 			kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
687 	} else {
688 		size = sizeof(clockrate);
689 		mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size);
690 		if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
691 			xo_errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
692 		hz = clockrate.hz;
693 	}
694 
695 	if (Pflag) {
696 		getcpuinfo(&cpumask, &maxid);
697 		size_cp_times = sizeof(long) * (maxid + 1) * CPUSTATES;
698 		cur_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
699 		last_cp_times = calloc(1, size_cp_times);
700 	}
701 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
702 		if (!--hdrcnt)
703 			printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
704 		if (kd != NULL) {
705 			if (kvm_getcptime(kd, cur.cp_time) < 0)
706 				xo_errx(1, "kvm_getcptime: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
707 		} else {
708 			size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
709 			mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size);
710 			if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
711 				xo_errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
712 		}
713 		if (Pflag) {
714 			size = size_cp_times;
715 			mysysctl("kern.cp_times", cur_cp_times, &size);
716 			if (size != size_cp_times)
717 				xo_errx(1, "cp_times mismatch");
718 		}
719 
720 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
721 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
722 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
723 		last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
724 
725 		/*
726 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
727 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
728 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
729 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
730 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
731 		 */
732 		switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
733 		case -1:
734 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
735 			break;
736 		case 1:
737 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
738 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
739 
740 			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
741 			    &num_selections, &select_generation,
742 			    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
743 			    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
744 			    specified_devices,
745 			    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
746 			    maxshowdevs, 0);
747 			switch (retval) {
748 			case -1:
749 				xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
750 				break;
751 			case 1:
752 				printhdr(maxid, cpumask);
753 				break;
754 			default:
755 				break;
756 			}
757 			break;
758 		default:
759 			break;
760 		}
761 
762 		fill_vmmeter(&sum);
763 		fill_vmtotal(&total);
764 		xo_open_container("processes");
765 		xo_emit("{:runnable/%2d} {:waiting/%2ld} "
766 		    "{:swapped-out/%2ld}", total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw +
767 		    total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
768 		xo_close_container("processes");
769 		xo_open_container("memory");
770 #define	rate(x)	(unsigned long)(((x) * rate_adj + halfuptime) / uptime)
771 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal:available-memory/%ju}{]:}",
772 		    (uintmax_t)total.t_avm * sum.v_page_size);
773 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal:free-memory/%ju}{]:}",
774 		    (uintmax_t)total.t_free * sum.v_page_size);
775 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:total-page-faults/%lu}{]:} ",
776 		    rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
777 		xo_close_container("memory");
778 
779 		xo_open_container("paging-rates");
780 		xo_emit("{:page-reactivated/%3lu} ",
781 		    rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
782 		xo_emit("{:paged-in/%3lu} ",
783 		    rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
784 		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
785 		xo_emit("{:paged-out/%3lu}",
786 		    rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
787 		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
788 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:freed/%lu}{]:}",
789 		    rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
790 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:scanned/%lu}{]:}",
791 		    rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
792 		xo_close_container("paging-rates");
793 
794 		devstats();
795 		xo_open_container("fault-rates");
796 		xo_emit(" {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:interrupts/%lu}{]:}"
797 		    " {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:system-calls/%lu}{]:}"
798 		    " {[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:context-switches/%lu}{]:}",
799 		    rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
800 		    rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
801 		    rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
802 		xo_close_container("fault-rates");
803 		if (Pflag)
804 			pcpustats(cpumask, maxid);
805 		else
806 			cpustats();
807 		xo_emit("\n");
808 		xo_flush();
809 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
810 			break;
811 		osum = sum;
812 		uptime = interval;
813 		rate_adj = 1000;
814 		/*
815 		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
816 		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per millisecond).
817 		 */
818 		if (interval != 1)
819 			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
820 		else
821 			halfuptime = 0;
822 		(void)usleep(interval * 1000);
823 	}
824 }
825 
826 static void
827 printhdr(int maxid, u_long cpumask)
828 {
829 	int i, num_shown;
830 
831 	num_shown = MIN(num_selected, maxshowdevs);
832 	xo_emit(" {T:procs}    {T:memory}    {T:/page%*s}", 19, "");
833 	if (num_shown > 1)
834 		xo_emit("   {T:/disks %*s}  ", num_shown * 5 - 7, "");
835 	else if (num_shown == 1)
836 		xo_emit("   {T:disks} ");
837 	xo_emit(" {T:faults}      ");
838 	if (Pflag) {
839 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
840 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
841 				xo_emit("  {T:/cpu%d}   ", i);
842 		}
843 		xo_emit("\n");
844 	} else
845 		xo_emit(" {T:cpu}\n");
846 	xo_emit(" {T:r}  {T:b}  {T:w}  {T:avm}  {T:fre}  {T:flt}  {T:re}"
847 	    "  {T:pi}  {T:po}   {T:fr}   {T:sr} ");
848 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
849 		if ((dev_select[i].selected) &&
850 		    (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
851 			xo_emit("{T:/%3.3s%d} ", dev_select[i].device_name,
852 			    dev_select[i].unit_number);
853 	xo_emit("  {T:in}   {T:sy}   {T:cs}");
854 	if (Pflag) {
855 		for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
856 			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
857 				xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}");
858 		}
859 		xo_emit("\n");
860 	} else
861 		xo_emit(" {T:us} {T:sy} {T:id}\n");
862 	if (wresized != 0)
863 		doresize();
864 	hdrcnt = winlines;
865 }
866 
867 /*
868  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
869  */
870 static void
871 needhdr(int dummy __unused)
872 {
873 
874 	hdrcnt = 1;
875 }
876 
877 /*
878  * When the terminal is resized, force an update of the maximum number of rows
879  * printed between each header repetition.  Then force a new header to be
880  * prepended to the next output.
881  */
882 void
883 needresize(int signo __unused)
884 {
885 
886 	wresized = 1;
887 	hdrcnt = 1;
888 }
889 
890 /*
891  * Update the global `winlines' count of terminal rows.
892  */
893 void
894 doresize(void)
895 {
896 	struct winsize w;
897 	int status;
898 
899 	for (;;) {
900 		status = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
901 		if (status == -1 && errno == EINTR)
902 			continue;
903 		else if (status == -1)
904 			xo_err(1, "ioctl");
905 		if (w.ws_row > 3)
906 			winlines = w.ws_row - 3;
907 		else
908 			winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
909 		break;
910 	}
911 
912 	/*
913 	 * Inhibit doresize() calls until we are rescheduled by SIGWINCH.
914 	 */
915 	wresized = 0;
916 }
917 
918 static long
919 pct(long top, long bot)
920 {
921 	long ans;
922 
923 	if (bot == 0)
924 		return(0);
925 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
926 	return (ans);
927 }
928 
929 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
930 
931 static void
932 dosum(void)
933 {
934 	struct nchstats lnchstats;
935 	size_t size;
936 	long nchtotal;
937 
938 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
939 	xo_open_container("summary-statistics");
940 	xo_emit("{:context-switches/%9u} {N:cpu context switches}\n",
941 	    sum.v_swtch);
942 	xo_emit("{:interrupts/%9u} {N:device interrupts}\n",
943 	    sum.v_intr);
944 	xo_emit("{:software-interrupts/%9u} {N:software interrupts}\n",
945 	    sum.v_soft);
946 	xo_emit("{:traps/%9u} {N:traps}\n", sum.v_trap);
947 	xo_emit("{:system-calls/%9u} {N:system calls}\n",
948 	    sum.v_syscall);
949 	xo_emit("{:kernel-threads/%9u} {N:kernel threads created}\n",
950 	    sum.v_kthreads);
951 	xo_emit("{:forks/%9u} {N: fork() calls}\n", sum.v_forks);
952 	xo_emit("{:vforks/%9u} {N:vfork() calls}\n",
953 	    sum.v_vforks);
954 	xo_emit("{:rforks/%9u} {N:rfork() calls}\n",
955 	    sum.v_rforks);
956 	xo_emit("{:swap-ins/%9u} {N:swap pager pageins}\n",
957 	    sum.v_swapin);
958 	xo_emit("{:swap-in-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged in}\n",
959 	    sum.v_swappgsin);
960 	xo_emit("{:swap-outs/%9u} {N:swap pager pageouts}\n",
961 	    sum.v_swapout);
962 	xo_emit("{:swap-out-pages/%9u} {N:swap pager pages paged out}\n",
963 	    sum.v_swappgsout);
964 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-ins/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageins}\n",
965 	    sum.v_vnodein);
966 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-in-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged in}\n",
967 	    sum.v_vnodepgsin);
968 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-outs/%9u} {N:vnode pager pageouts}\n",
969 	    sum.v_vnodeout);
970 	xo_emit("{:vnode-page-out-pages/%9u} {N:vnode pager pages paged out}\n",
971 	    sum.v_vnodepgsout);
972 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-wakeups/%9u} {N:page daemon wakeups}\n",
973 	    sum.v_pdwakeups);
974 	xo_emit("{:page-daemon-pages/%9u} {N:pages examined by the page "
975 	    "daemon}\n", sum.v_pdpages);
976 	xo_emit("{:page-reclamation-shortfalls/%9u} {N:clean page reclamation "
977 	    "shortfalls}\n", sum.v_pdshortfalls);
978 	xo_emit("{:reactivated/%9u} {N:pages reactivated by the page daemon}\n",
979 	    sum.v_reactivated);
980 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write faults}\n",
981 	    sum.v_cow_faults);
982 	xo_emit("{:copy-on-write-optimized-faults/%9u} {N:copy-on-write "
983 	    "optimized faults}\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
984 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-pages/%9u} {N:zero fill pages zeroed}\n",
985 	    sum.v_zfod);
986 	xo_emit("{:zero-fill-prezeroed/%9u} {N:zero fill pages prezeroed}\n",
987 	    sum.v_ozfod);
988 	xo_emit("{:intransit-blocking/%9u} {N:intransit blocking page faults}\n",
989 	    sum.v_intrans);
990 	xo_emit("{:total-faults/%9u} {N:total VM faults taken}\n",
991 	    sum.v_vm_faults);
992 	xo_emit("{:faults-requiring-io/%9u} {N:page faults requiring I\\/O}\n",
993 	    sum.v_io_faults);
994 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-thread-creation/%9u} {N:pages affected by "
995 	    "kernel thread creation}\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
996 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-fork/%9u} {N:pages affected by  fork}()\n",
997 	    sum.v_forkpages);
998 	xo_emit("{:faults-from-vfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by vfork}()\n",
999 	    sum.v_vforkpages);
1000 	xo_emit("{:pages-rfork/%9u} {N:pages affected by rfork}()\n",
1001 	    sum.v_rforkpages);
1002 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed/%9u} {N:pages freed}\n",
1003 	    sum.v_tfree);
1004 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-by-daemon/%9u} {N:pages freed by daemon}\n",
1005 	    sum.v_dfree);
1006 	xo_emit("{:pages-freed-on-exit/%9u} {N:pages freed by exiting processes}\n",
1007 	    sum.v_pfree);
1008 	xo_emit("{:active-pages/%9u} {N:pages active}\n",
1009 	    sum.v_active_count);
1010 	xo_emit("{:inactive-pages/%9u} {N:pages inactive}\n",
1011 	    sum.v_inactive_count);
1012 	xo_emit("{:laundry-pages/%9u} {N:pages in the laundry queue}\n",
1013 	    sum.v_laundry_count);
1014 	xo_emit("{:wired-pages/%9u} {N:pages wired down}\n",
1015 	    sum.v_wire_count);
1016 	xo_emit("{:virtual-user-wired-pages/%9lu} {N:virtual user pages wired "
1017 	    "down}\n", sum.v_user_wire_count);
1018 	xo_emit("{:free-pages/%9u} {N:pages free}\n",
1019 	    sum.v_free_count);
1020 	xo_emit("{:bytes-per-page/%9u} {N:bytes per page}\n", sum.v_page_size);
1021 	if (kd != NULL) {
1022 		kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
1023 	} else {
1024 		size = sizeof(lnchstats);
1025 		mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size);
1026 		if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
1027 			xo_errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
1028 	}
1029 	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
1030 	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
1031 	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
1032 	xo_emit("{:total-name-lookups/%9ld} {N:total name lookups}\n",
1033 	    nchtotal);
1034 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {N:cache hits} "
1035 	    "({:positive-cache-hits/%ld}% pos + "
1036 	    "{:negative-cache-hits/%ld}% {N:neg}) "
1037 	    "system {:cache-hit-percent/%ld}% per-directory\n",
1038 	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
1039 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
1040 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
1041 	xo_emit("{P:/%9s} {L:deletions} {:deletions/%ld}%, "
1042 	    "{L:falsehits} {:false-hits/%ld}%, "
1043 	    "{L:toolong} {:too-long/%ld}%\n", "",
1044 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
1045 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
1046 	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
1047 	xo_close_container("summary-statistics");
1048 }
1049 
1050 static void
1051 doforkst(void)
1052 {
1053 
1054 	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
1055 	xo_open_container("fork-statistics");
1056 	xo_emit("{:fork/%u} {N:forks}, {:fork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1057 	    "{L:average} {:fork-average/%.2f}\n",
1058 	    sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
1059 	    sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1060 	    (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
1061 	xo_emit("{:vfork/%u} {N:vforks}, {:vfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1062 	    "{L:average} {:vfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1063 	    sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
1064 	    sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1065 	    (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
1066 	xo_emit("{:rfork/%u} {N:rforks}, {:rfork-pages/%u} {N:pages}, "
1067 	    "{L:average} {:rfork-average/%.2f}\n",
1068 	    sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
1069 	    sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
1070 	    (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
1071 	xo_close_container("fork-statistics");
1072 }
1073 
1074 static void
1075 devstats(void)
1076 {
1077 	long double busy_seconds, transfers_per_second;
1078 	long tmp;
1079 	int di, dn, state;
1080 
1081 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1082 		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
1083 		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
1084 		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
1088 
1089 	xo_open_list("device");
1090 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
1091 		if (dev_select[dn].selected == 0 ||
1092 		    dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)
1093 			continue;
1094 
1095 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
1096 
1097 		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
1098 		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
1099 		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
1100 		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
1101 			xo_errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
1102 
1103 		xo_open_instance("device");
1104 		xo_emit("{ekq:name/%s%d}",
1105 		    dev_select[dn].device_name,
1106 		    dev_select[dn].unit_number);
1107 		xo_emit("{[:5}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:transfers/%ju}{]:}",
1108 		    (uintmax_t)transfers_per_second);
1109 		xo_close_instance("device");
1110 	}
1111 	xo_close_list("device");
1112 }
1113 
1114 static void
1115 percent(const char *name, long pctv, int *over)
1116 {
1117 	char fmt[64];
1118 
1119 	snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), " {:%s/%%%ulld/%%lld}", name,
1120 	    (*over && pctv <= 9) ? 1 : 2);
1121 	xo_emit(fmt, pctv);
1122 	if (*over && pctv <= 9)
1123 		(*over)--;
1124 	else if (pctv >= 100)
1125 		(*over)++;
1126 }
1127 
1128 static void
1129 cpustats(void)
1130 {
1131 	long total;
1132 	int state, over;
1133 
1134 	total = 0;
1135 	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1136 		total += cur.cp_time[state];
1137 	if (total == 0)
1138 		total = 1;
1139 	over = 0;
1140 	xo_open_container("cpu-statistics");
1141 	percent("user", 100LL * (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) /
1142 	    total, &over);
1143 	percent("system", 100LL * (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) /
1144 	    total, &over);
1145 	percent("idle", 100LL * cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] / total, &over);
1146 	xo_close_container("cpu-statistics");
1147 }
1148 
1149 static void
1150 pcpustats(u_long cpumask, int maxid)
1151 {
1152 	long tmp, total;
1153 	int i, state, over;
1154 
1155 	/* devstats does this for cp_time */
1156 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1157 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1158 			continue;
1159 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1160 			tmp = cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1161 			cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] -= last_cp_times[i *
1162 			    CPUSTATES + state];
1163 			last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] = tmp;
1164 		}
1165 	}
1166 
1167 	over = 0;
1168 	xo_open_list("cpu");
1169 	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1170 		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1171 			continue;
1172 		xo_open_instance("cpu");
1173 		xo_emit("{ke:name/%d}", i);
1174 		total = 0;
1175 		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1176 			total += cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1177 		if (total == 0)
1178 			total = 1;
1179 		percent("user",
1180 		    100LL * (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER] +
1181 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE]) / total, &over);
1182 		percent("system",
1183 		    100LL * (cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS] +
1184 		    cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR]) / total, &over);
1185 		percent("idle",
1186 		    100LL * cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE] / total,
1187 		    &over);
1188 		xo_close_instance("cpu");
1189 	}
1190 	xo_close_list("cpu");
1191 }
1192 
1193 static unsigned int
1194 read_intrcnts(unsigned long **intrcnts)
1195 {
1196 	size_t intrcntlen;
1197 	uintptr_t kaddr;
1198 
1199 	if (kd != NULL) {
1200 		kread(X_SINTRCNT, &intrcntlen, sizeof(intrcntlen));
1201 		if ((*intrcnts = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL)
1202 			err(1, "malloc()");
1203 		if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0)
1204 			kread(X_INTRCNT, *intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1205 		else {
1206 			kread(X_INTRCNT, &kaddr, sizeof(kaddr));
1207 			kreadptr(kaddr, *intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1208 		}
1209 	} else {
1210 		for (*intrcnts = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
1211 			*intrcnts = reallocf(*intrcnts, intrcntlen);
1212 			if (*intrcnts == NULL)
1213 				err(1, "reallocf()");
1214 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt", *intrcnts, &intrcntlen) == 0)
1215 				break;
1216 		}
1217 	}
1218 
1219 	return (intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long));
1220 }
1221 
1222 static void
1223 print_intrcnts(unsigned long *intrcnts, unsigned long *old_intrcnts,
1224     char *intrnames, unsigned int nintr, size_t istrnamlen, long long period_ms)
1225 {
1226 	uint64_t inttotal, old_inttotal, total_count, total_rate;
1227 	unsigned long count, rate;
1228 	unsigned int i;
1229 
1230 	inttotal = 0;
1231 	old_inttotal = 0;
1232 	xo_open_list("interrupt");
1233 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1234 		if (intrnames[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnts != 0 || aflag)) {
1235 			count = *intrcnts - *old_intrcnts;
1236 			rate = ((uint64_t)count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1237 			xo_open_instance("interrupt");
1238 			xo_emit("{d:name/%-*s}{ket:name/%s} "
1239 			    "{:total/%20lu} {:rate/%10lu}\n",
1240 			    (int)istrnamlen, intrnames, intrnames, count, rate);
1241 			xo_close_instance("interrupt");
1242 		}
1243 		intrnames += strlen(intrnames) + 1;
1244 		inttotal += *intrcnts++;
1245 		old_inttotal += *old_intrcnts++;
1246 	}
1247 	total_count = inttotal - old_inttotal;
1248 	total_rate = (total_count * 1000 + period_ms / 2) / period_ms;
1249 	xo_close_list("interrupt");
1250 	xo_emit("{L:/%-*s} {:total-interrupts/%20ju} "
1251 	    "{:total-rate/%10ju}\n", (int)istrnamlen,
1252 	    "Total", (uintmax_t)total_count, (uintmax_t)total_rate);
1253 }
1254 
1255 static void
1256 dointr(unsigned int interval, int reps)
1257 {
1258 	unsigned long *intrcnts, *old_intrcnts;
1259 	char *intrname, *intrnames;
1260 	long long period_ms, old_uptime, uptime;
1261 	size_t clen, inamlen, istrnamlen;
1262 	uintptr_t kaddr;
1263 	unsigned int nintr;
1264 
1265 	old_intrcnts = NULL;
1266 	uptime = getuptime();
1267 
1268 	/* Get the names of each interrupt source */
1269 	if (kd != NULL) {
1270 		kread(X_SINTRNAMES, &inamlen, sizeof(inamlen));
1271 		if ((intrnames = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
1272 			xo_err(1, "malloc()");
1273 		if (namelist[X_NINTRCNT].n_type == 0)
1274 			kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrnames, inamlen);
1275 		else {
1276 			kread(X_INTRNAMES, &kaddr, sizeof(kaddr));
1277 			kreadptr(kaddr, intrnames, inamlen);
1278 		}
1279 	} else {
1280 		for (intrnames = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
1281 			if ((intrnames = reallocf(intrnames, inamlen)) == NULL)
1282 				xo_err(1, "reallocf()");
1283 			if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames", intrnames, &inamlen) == 0)
1284 				break;
1285 		}
1286 	}
1287 
1288 	/* Determine the length of the longest interrupt name */
1289 	intrname = intrnames;
1290 	istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
1291 	while (intrname < intrnames + inamlen) {
1292 		clen = strlen(intrname);
1293 		if (clen > istrnamlen)
1294 			istrnamlen = clen;
1295 		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1296 	}
1297 	xo_emit("{T:/%-*s} {T:/%20s} {T:/%10s}\n",
1298 	    (int)istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total", "rate");
1299 
1300 	/*
1301 	 * Loop reps times printing differential interrupt counts.  If reps is
1302 	 * zero, then run just once, printing total counts
1303 	 */
1304 	xo_open_container("interrupt-statistics");
1305 
1306 	period_ms = uptime / 1000000;
1307 	while(1) {
1308 		nintr = read_intrcnts(&intrcnts);
1309 		/*
1310 		 * Initialize old_intrcnts to 0 for the first pass, so
1311 		 * print_intrcnts will print total interrupts since boot
1312 		 */
1313 		if (old_intrcnts == NULL) {
1314 			old_intrcnts = calloc(nintr, sizeof(unsigned long));
1315 			if (old_intrcnts == NULL)
1316 				xo_err(1, "calloc()");
1317 		}
1318 
1319 		print_intrcnts(intrcnts, old_intrcnts, intrnames, nintr,
1320 		    istrnamlen, period_ms);
1321 		xo_flush();
1322 
1323 		free(old_intrcnts);
1324 		old_intrcnts = intrcnts;
1325 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
1326 			break;
1327 		usleep(interval * 1000);
1328 		old_uptime = uptime;
1329 		uptime = getuptime();
1330 		period_ms = (uptime - old_uptime) / 1000000;
1331 	}
1332 
1333 	xo_close_container("interrupt-statistics");
1334 }
1335 
1336 static void
1337 domemstat_malloc(void)
1338 {
1339 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1340 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1341 	size_t i, zones;
1342 	int error, first;
1343 
1344 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1345 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1346 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1347 		return;
1348 	}
1349 	if (kd == NULL) {
1350 		if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1351 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
1352 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1353 			return;
1354 		}
1355 	} else {
1356 		if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1357 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1358 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1359 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1360 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1361 			else
1362 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1363 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1364 		}
1365 	}
1366 	xo_open_container("malloc-statistics");
1367 	xo_emit("{T:/%16s} {T:/%4s} {T:/%5s} {T:/%3s} {T:Size(s)}\n",
1368 	    "Type", "Use", "Memory", "Req");
1369 	xo_open_list("memory");
1370 	zones = memstat_malloc_zone_get_count();
1371 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1372 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1373 		if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
1374 		    memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
1375 			continue;
1376 		xo_open_instance("memory");
1377 		xo_emit("{k:type/%16s/%s} "
1378 		    "{[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:in-use/%ju}{]:} "
1379 		    "{[:5}{h,hn-decimal:memory-use/%ju}{]:} "
1380 		    "{[:4}{h,hn-decimal,hn-1000:requests/%ju}{]:} ",
1381 		    memstat_get_name(mtp), (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1382 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp),
1383 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
1384 		first = 1;
1385 		xo_open_list("size");
1386 		for (i = 0; i < zones; i++) {
1387 			if (memstat_malloc_zone_used(mtp, i)) {
1388 				if (!first)
1389 					xo_emit(",");
1390 				xo_emit("{lh:size/%d}", memstat_malloc_zone_get_size(i));
1391 				first = 0;
1392 			}
1393 		}
1394 		xo_close_list("size");
1395 		xo_close_instance("memory");
1396 		xo_emit("\n");
1397 	}
1398 	xo_close_list("memory");
1399 	xo_close_container("malloc-statistics");
1400 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1401 }
1402 
1403 static void
1404 domemstat_zone(void)
1405 {
1406 	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1407 	struct memory_type *mtp;
1408 	int error, len;
1409 
1410 	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1411 	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1412 		xo_warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1413 		return;
1414 	}
1415 	if (kd == NULL) {
1416 		if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1417 			xo_warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
1418 			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1419 			return;
1420 		}
1421 	} else {
1422 		if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1423 			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1424 			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1425 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1426 				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1427 			else
1428 				xo_warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1429 				    memstat_strerror(error));
1430 		}
1431 	}
1432 	xo_open_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1433 	xo_emit("{T:/%-19s} {T:/%7s} {T:/%7s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} {T:/%8s} "
1434 	    "{T:/%4s} {T:/%4s} {T:/%4s}\n", "ITEM", "SIZE",
1435 	    "LIMIT", "USED", "FREE", "REQ", "FAIL", "SLEEP", "XDOM");
1436 	xo_open_list("zone");
1437 	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1438 	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1439 		len = strlen(memstat_get_name(mtp));
1440 		xo_open_instance("zone");
1441 		xo_emit("{k:name/%s}:{d:size/%*ju}{e:size/%ju},"
1442 		    "{:limit/%7ju},{:used/%8ju},"
1443 		    "{:free/%8ju},{:requests/%8ju},"
1444 		    "{:fail/%4ju},{:sleep/%4ju},{:xdomain/%4ju}\n",
1445 		    memstat_get_name(mtp), MAX(1, 26 - len),
1446 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_size(mtp),
1447 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_size(mtp),
1448 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
1449 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_count(mtp),
1450 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_free(mtp),
1451 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_numallocs(mtp),
1452 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_failures(mtp),
1453 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_sleeps(mtp),
1454 		    (uintmax_t)memstat_get_xdomain(mtp));
1455 		xo_close_instance("zone");
1456 	}
1457 	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1458 	xo_close_list("zone");
1459 	xo_close_container("memory-zone-statistics");
1460 }
1461 
1462 static void
1463 display_object(struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo)
1464 {
1465 	const char *str;
1466 
1467 	xo_open_instance("object");
1468 	xo_emit("{:resident/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_resident);
1469 	xo_emit("{:active/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_active);
1470 	xo_emit("{:inactive/%5ju} ", (uintmax_t)kvo->kvo_inactive);
1471 	xo_emit("{:refcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_ref_count);
1472 	xo_emit("{:shadowcount/%3d} ", kvo->kvo_shadow_count);
1473 
1474 #define	MEMATTR_STR(type, val)					\
1475 	if (kvo->kvo_memattr == (type)) {			\
1476 		str = (val);					\
1477 	} else
1478 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE
1479 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE, "UC")
1480 #endif
1481 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING
1482 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_COMBINING, "WC")
1483 #endif
1484 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH
1485 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_THROUGH, "WT")
1486 #endif
1487 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED
1488 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_PROTECTED, "WP")
1489 #endif
1490 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK
1491 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WRITE_BACK, "WB")
1492 #endif
1493 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE
1494 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WEAK_UNCACHEABLE, "UC-")
1495 #endif
1496 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA
1497 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_WB_WA, "WB")
1498 #endif
1499 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE
1500 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_NOCACHE, "NC")
1501 #endif
1502 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE
1503 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE, "DEV")
1504 #endif
1505 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE_NP
1506 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_DEVICE, "NP")
1507 #endif
1508 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE
1509 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_CACHEABLE, "C")
1510 #endif
1511 #ifdef VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE
1512 	MEMATTR_STR(VM_MEMATTR_PREFETCHABLE, "PRE")
1513 #endif
1514 	{
1515 		str = "??";
1516 	}
1517 #undef MEMATTR_STR
1518 	xo_emit("{:attribute/%-3s} ", str);
1519 	switch (kvo->kvo_type) {
1520 	case KVME_TYPE_NONE:
1521 		str = "--";
1522 		break;
1523 	case KVME_TYPE_DEFAULT:
1524 		str = "df";
1525 		break;
1526 	case KVME_TYPE_VNODE:
1527 		str = "vn";
1528 		break;
1529 	case KVME_TYPE_SWAP:
1530 		str = "sw";
1531 		break;
1532 	case KVME_TYPE_DEVICE:
1533 		str = "dv";
1534 		break;
1535 	case KVME_TYPE_PHYS:
1536 		str = "ph";
1537 		break;
1538 	case KVME_TYPE_DEAD:
1539 		str = "dd";
1540 		break;
1541 	case KVME_TYPE_SG:
1542 		str = "sg";
1543 		break;
1544 	case KVME_TYPE_MGTDEVICE:
1545 		str = "md";
1546 		break;
1547 	case KVME_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
1548 	default:
1549 		str = "??";
1550 		break;
1551 	}
1552 	xo_emit("{:type/%-2s} ", str);
1553 	xo_emit("{:path/%-s}\n", kvo->kvo_path);
1554 	xo_close_instance("object");
1555 }
1556 
1557 static void
1558 doobjstat(void)
1559 {
1560 	struct kinfo_vmobject *kvo;
1561 	int cnt, i;
1562 
1563 	kvo = kinfo_getvmobject(&cnt);
1564 	if (kvo == NULL) {
1565 		xo_warn("Failed to fetch VM object list");
1566 		return;
1567 	}
1568 	xo_emit("{T:RES/%5s} {T:ACT/%5s} {T:INACT/%5s} {T:REF/%3s} {T:SHD/%3s} "
1569 	    "{T:CM/%3s} {T:TP/%2s} {T:PATH/%s}\n");
1570 	xo_open_list("object");
1571 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
1572 		display_object(&kvo[i]);
1573 	free(kvo);
1574 	xo_close_list("object");
1575 }
1576 
1577 /*
1578  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1579  */
1580 static void
1581 kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
1582 {
1583 	const char *sym;
1584 
1585 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1586 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1587 		if (*sym == '_')
1588 			++sym;
1589 		xo_errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1590 	}
1591 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1592 	    size) != size) {
1593 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1594 		if (*sym == '_')
1595 			++sym;
1596 		xo_errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1597 	}
1598 }
1599 
1600 static void
1601 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1602 {
1603 
1604 	kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1605 }
1606 
1607 static void
1608 kreadptr(uintptr_t addr, void *buf, size_t size)
1609 {
1610 
1611 	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, addr, buf, size) != size)
1612 		xo_errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
1613 }
1614 
1615 static void __dead2
1616 usage(void)
1617 {
1618 	xo_error("%s%s",
1619 	    "usage: vmstat [-afHhimoPsz] [-M core [-N system]] [-c count] [-n devs]\n",
1620 	    "              [-p type,if,pass] [-w wait] [disks] [wait [count]]\n");
1621 	xo_finish();
1622 	exit(1);
1623 }
1624