1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)chdir.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93 33.\" 34.Dd December 11, 1993 35.Dt CHDIR 2 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm chdir , 39.Nm fchdir 40.Nd change current working directory 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Fd #include <unistd.h> 43.Ft int 44.Fn chdir "const char *path" 45.Ft int 46.Fn fchdir "int fd" 47.Sh DESCRIPTION 48The 49.Fa path 50argument points to the pathname of a directory. 51The 52.Fn chdir 53function 54causes the named directory 55to become the current working directory, that is, 56the starting point for path searches of pathnames not beginning with 57a slash, 58.Ql / . 59.Pp 60The 61.Fn fchdir 62function 63causes the directory referenced by 64.Fa fd 65to become the current working directory, 66the starting point for path searches of pathnames not beginning with 67a slash, 68.Ql / . 69.Pp 70In order for a directory to become the current directory, 71a process must have execute (search) access to the directory. 72.Sh RETURN VALUES 73Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. 74Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and 75.Va errno 76is set to indicate 77the error. 78.Sh ERRORS 79.Fn Chdir 80will fail and the current working directory will be unchanged if 81one or more of the following are true: 82.Bl -tag -width Er 83.It Bq Er ENOTDIR 84A component of the path prefix is not a directory. 85.It Bq Er EINVAL 86The pathname contains a character with the high-order bit set. 87.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG 88A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters, 89or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters. 90.It Bq Er ENOENT 91The named directory does not exist. 92.It Bq Er ELOOP 93Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. 94.It Bq Er EACCES 95Search permission is denied for any component of 96the path name. 97.It Bq Er EFAULT 98.Fa Path 99points outside the process's allocated address space. 100.It Bq Er EIO 101An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. 102.El 103.Pp 104.Fn Fchdir 105will fail and the current working directory will be unchanged if 106one or more of the following are true: 107.Bl -tag -width Er 108.It Bq Er EACCES 109Search permission is denied for the directory referenced by the 110file descriptor. 111.It Bq Er ENOTDIR 112The file descriptor does not reference a directory. 113.It Bq Er EBADF 114The argument 115.Fa fd 116is not a valid file descriptor. 117.El 118.Sh SEE ALSO 119.Xr chroot 2 120.Sh STANDARDS 121.Fn Chdir 122is expected to conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 123.Pq Dq Tn POSIX . 124.Sh HISTORY 125The 126.Fn fchdir 127function call 128appeared in 129.Bx 4.2 . 130