xref: /freebsd-14.2/UPDATING (revision b3cef2d2)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD stable/14.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
1520230824:
16	__FreeBSD_version 1400097 after the branching stable/14 from main.
17
1820230817:
19	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
20	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
21	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
22	configuration.
23
24	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
25	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
26	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
27	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
28	with the serial port at 115200.
29
3020230807:
31	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
32	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
33	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
34	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
35	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
36
3720230803:
38	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
39	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
40
4120230724:
42	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
43	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
44	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
45	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
46	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
47
4820230629:
49	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
50	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
51	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
52	file a PR and assign it to imp.
53
5420230623:
55	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
56	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
57	after upgrading.
58
5920230619:
60	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
61	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
62	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
63	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
64
65		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
66		service pf restart
67
68	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
69	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
70
7120230613:
72	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
73	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
74	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
75	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
76	already properly quoted or escaped.
77
7820230612:
79	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
80	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
81	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
82	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
83	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
84	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
85	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
86	please email [email protected] about why.
87
88	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
89	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
90
9120230422:
92	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
93	using git instead.
94
9520230420:
96	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
97	eg.
98		make buildworld-jobs
99	runs
100		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
101
102	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
103
10420230316:
105	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
106	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
107	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
108	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
109	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
110	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
111	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
112	exist anymore.
113
11420230221:
115	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
116	for details.
117
11820230206:
119	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
120	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
121	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
122
12320230204:
124	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
125	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
126
12720230130:
128	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
129	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
130	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
131
13220230126:
133	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
134	system are now built unconditionally.
135
13620230113:
137	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
138	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
139
14020221212:
141	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
142	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
143
144	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
145	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
146	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
147
14820221205:
149	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
150	to reenable sendmail(8):
151
152	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
153
154	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
155
15620221204:
157	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
158	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
159	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
160	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
161	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
162	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
163
164	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
165
16620221122:
167	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
168	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
169	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
170
17120221121:
172	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
173	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
174
17520221026:
176	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
177	for pkgbase users to do:
178
179	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
180	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
181
182	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
183	installed.
184
18520221002:
186	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
187	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
188	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
189	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
190
19120220610:
192	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
193	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
194
19520211230:
196	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
197	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
198	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
199	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
200	reflect this change.
201
20220211214:
203	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
204	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
205
20620211209:
207	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
208	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
209	the coming days and weeks.
210
211	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
212	or touch
213		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
214		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
215		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
216		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
217	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
218
21920211202:
220	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
221	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
222	statement in unbound.conf:
223		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
224
225	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
226
227	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
228	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
229	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
230	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
231	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
232	such names when roaming to different homenets.
233
23420211110:
235	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
236	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
237	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
238	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
239	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
240	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
241	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
242	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
243	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
244	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
245	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
246
24720211118:
248	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
249	tree shortly.
250
25120211106:
252	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
253	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
254	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
255	may need to be modified.
256
25720211022:
258	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
259	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
260	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
261
26220211020:
263	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
264	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
265
266	# chsh -s csh
267
26820211004:
269	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
270	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
271	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
272	this change.
273
27420210923:
275	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
276	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
277	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
278	list of modules to load on their systems.
279
28020210922:
281	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
282	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
283	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
284	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
285
28620210911:
287	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
288	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
289	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
290	being loaded.
291
29220210817:
293	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
294	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
295	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
296	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
297	application-specific configuration option for applications
298	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
299
30020210811:
301	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
302	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
303
30420210730:
305	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
306	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
307	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
308	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
309
31020210729:
311	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
312	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
313	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
314
31520210716:
316	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
317	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
318	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
319
32020210715:
321	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
322	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
323	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
324	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
325	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
326	to update your sources past the above hash and do
327		% cd usr.bin/awk
328		% make clean all
329		% sudo -E make install
330	to enable building kernels again.
331
33220210708:
333	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
334	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
335	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
336
33720210707:
338	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
339	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
340
34120210624:
342	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
343	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
344	for NFSv4 mounts.
345	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
346
34720210618:
348	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
349	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
350	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
351	additions and others.
352
35320210618:
354	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
355	renamed to "untrusted".
356
35720210611:
358	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
359	please install the svn package or port.
360
36120210611:
362	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
363	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
364	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
365
36620210610:
367	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
368
36920210608:
370	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
371	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
372https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
373	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
374	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
375	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
376	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
377
37820210525:
379	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
380	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
381	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
382	detect this.
383
38420210513:
385	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
386	libraries and utilities are packaged.
387	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
388	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
389	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
390	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
391	on the system.
392
39320210426:
394	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
395	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
396	need to be rebuilt from sources.
397	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
398	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
399	is not recommended.
400
40120210411:
402	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
403	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
404	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
405	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
406	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
407	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
408
40920210330:
410	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
411	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
412	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
413	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
414
41520210225:
416	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
417	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
418	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
419
42020210128:
421	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
422	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
423	update.
424
42520210108:
426	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
427	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
428	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
429	since it was bumped so recently.
430
43120210107:
432	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
433	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
434	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
435	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
436
43720210105:
438	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
439	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
440	requires a clean build.
441
44220201223:
443	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
444	instructions can be found at
445	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
446	and other documents in that repo.
447
44820201216:
449	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
450	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
451	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
452	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
453
45420201215:
455	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
456	may be installed from ports or packages.
457
45820201124:
459	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
460	See ping(8) for details.
461
46220201108:
463	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
464	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
465	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
466
46720201030:
468	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
469	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
470	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
471	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
472	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
473
47420201026:
475	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
476	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
477	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
478	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
479	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
480	find.
481
48220200923:
483	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
484	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
485	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
486	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
487
488	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
489	command you want to un-auger the tree is
490		cd sys/amd64/conf
491		svn revert -R .
492	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
493	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
494
49520200824:
496	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
497	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
498	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
499	unless you  want to use new features.
500
501	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
502	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
503	rebuilding world may fail.
504
505	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
506	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
507
508	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
509	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
510	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
511	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
512
51320200824:
514	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
515	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
516	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
517	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
518
51920200821:
520	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
521	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
522	sources.
523
52420200817:
525	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
526	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
527
52820200816:
529	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
530	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
531	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
532	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
533
53420200810:
535	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
536	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
537	from sources, so a version bump was done.
538
53920200807:
540	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
541	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
542	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
543	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
544
54520200729:
546	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
547	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
548	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
549	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
550	continue to function.
551
552	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
553	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
554	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
555	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
556
55720200627:
558	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
559	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
560	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
561	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
562	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
563	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
564	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
565
56620200625:
567	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
568	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
569
57020200613:
571	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
572	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
573	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
574
57520200604:
576	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
577	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
578	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
579	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
580
581	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
582	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
583	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
584	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
585	/root/.shrc.
586
58720200523:
588	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
589	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
590	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
591	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
592
59320200512:
594	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
595	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
596
59720200424:
598	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
599	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
600	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
601	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
602	be functional without closefrom(2).
603
60420200414:
605	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
606	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
607	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
608	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
609	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
610	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
611
61220200310:
613	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
614	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
615	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
616	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
617
61820200309:
619	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
620	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
621	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
622
62320200301:
624	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
625
62620200229:
627	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
628	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
629	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
630
63120200229:
632	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
633	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
634
63520200229:
636	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
637	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
638	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
639	ports or packages.
640
64120200220:
642	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
643	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
644	ncurses.
645
64620200217:
647	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
648	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
649	together with their new kernel.
650
65120200212:
652	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
653	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
654	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
655
656	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
657	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
658
65920200108:
660	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
661	linker for riscv64.
662
66320200107:
664	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
665	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
666	external toolchain package.
667
66820200104:
669	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
670	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
671	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
672	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
673	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
674
67520200102:
676	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
677	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
678	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
679	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
680
68120191226:
682	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
683	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
684	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
685	ABI.
686
68720191226:
688	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
689
69020191222:
691	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
692	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
693	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
694	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
695
69620191212:
697	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
698	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
699	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
700
70120191205:
702	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
703	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
704	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
705	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
706	differences between those included in the port and those included in
707	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
708	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
709	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
710
71120191120:
712	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
713	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
714	for automounting.
715
71620191107:
717	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
718	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
719	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
720	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
721	add superio to the set.
722
72320191021:
724	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
725	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
726
72720191021:
728	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
729	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
730	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
731	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
732	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
733	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
734	completely in the future.
735
73620191009:
737	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
738	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
739	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
740	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
741	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
742	will be removed from the list.
743
74420191009:
745	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
746	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
747	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
748	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
749
75020191003:
751	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
752	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
753	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
754	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
755
75620190913:
757	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
758	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
759	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
760	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
761
76220190823:
763	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
764	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
765	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
766
76720190727:
768	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
769	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
770	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
771	your scripts, because they had no effect.
772
773	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
774	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
775	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
776	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
777	a non-default value, please tell [email protected] why.
778
77920190713:
780	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
781	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
782	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
783	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
784	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
785	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
786	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
787
78820190620:
789	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
790	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
791	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
792	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
793
79420190612:
795	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
796	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
797	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
798	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
799
80020190608:
801	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
802	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
803	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
804
80520190513:
806	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
807	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
808	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
809	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
810	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
811	avoid running into the limit.
812
81320190507:
814	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
815	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
816
81720190507:
818	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
819	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
820	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
821	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
822	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
823	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
824
82520190418:
826	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
827	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
828	entropy:
829
830	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
831	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
832	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
833	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
834	availability properties.
835
836	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
837	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
838	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
839	initial condition, if desired.
840
841	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
842	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
843
844	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
845	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
846	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
847	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
848
84920190416:
850	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
851	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
852	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
853	therefore unblocked).
854
85520190404:
856	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
857	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
858	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
859	is added to the command line.
860	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
861	not affected and should continue to work.
862
86320190320:
864	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
865	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
866	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
867	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
868
86920190304:
870	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
871	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
872	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
873	or higher.
874
87520190226:
876	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
877	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
878	kernel config.
879
88020190219:
881	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
882	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
883	migrating to the drm ports.
884
88520190131:
886	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
887	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
888	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
889	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
890	is loaded automatically.
891
89220190125:
893	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
894	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
895	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
896	kernel config files.
897
89820181230:
899	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
900	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
901	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
902	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
903
90420181220:
905	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
906	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
907	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
908	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
909	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
910	most NFSv4 mounts.
911
91220181219:
913	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
914	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
915	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
916
917	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
918	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
919
920	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
921	removed from the mips port.
922
92320181211:
924	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
925	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
926	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
927	or higher.
928
92920181211:
930	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
931	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
932
93320181126:
934	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
935	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
936	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
937	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
938
93920181123:
940	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
941	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
942	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
943
94420181115:
945	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
946	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
947	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
948	FreeBSD versions.
949
95020181110:
951	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
952	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
953	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
954
955	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
956	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
957	being included using the command:
958		$ newsyslog -Nrv
959
96020181015:
961	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
962	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
963	drm-legacy-kmod.
964
965	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
966	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
967	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
968	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
969	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
970	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
971	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
972	that as you will get better support.
973
974	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
975	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
976	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
977	asap and report any issues to [email protected].
978
979	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
980	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
981	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
982	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
983	shortly.
984
98520181012:
986	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
987	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
988	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
989	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
990	be adjusted as necessary.
991
99220181009:
993	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
994	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
995	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
996	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
997
99820181006:
999	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1000	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1001	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1002	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1003	encouraged.
1004
100520181002:
1006	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1007	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1008	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1009	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1010	nda device name.
1011
101220180913:
1013	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1014	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1015	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1016	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1017	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1018	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1019
102020180826:
1021	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1022	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1023	default since FreeBSD-11.
1024
102520180822:
1026	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1027	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1028	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1029
103020180818:
1031	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1032	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1033	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1034	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1035	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1036	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1037	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1038
1039	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1040	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1041
104220180815:
1043	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1044	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1045	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1046	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1047	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1048	may not be observed in a future release.
1049
105020180808:
1051	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1052	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1053	your environment.
1054
105520180731:
1056	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1057	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1058	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1059	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1060
106120180730:
1062	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1063	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1064	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1065	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1066	runtime services.
1067
106820180727:
1069	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1070	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1071	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1072
107320180723:
1074	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1075	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1076	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1077	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1078	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1079
108020180720:
1081	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1082	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1083	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1084	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1085	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1086	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1087
108820180719:
1089	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1090	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1091	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1092	boot_serial=YES
1093	boot_multicons=YES
1094	in /boot/loader.conf
1095	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1096	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1097	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1098
109920180719:
1100	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1101	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1102	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1103	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1104	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1105	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1106	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1107	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1108	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1109	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1110	by the ntpd user.
1111
111220180717:
1113	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1114
111520180711:
1116	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1117	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1118	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1119	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1120	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1121
112220180705:
1123	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1124	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1125	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1126	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1127	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1128	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1129
113020180702:
1131	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1132	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1133
113420180701:
1135	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1136	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1137	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1138	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1139	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1140	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1141	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1142
114320180630:
1144	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1145	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1146	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1147	or higher.
1148
114920180628:
1150	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1151	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1152	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1153	file.
1154
115520180612:
1156	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1157	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1158
115920180530:
1160	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1161	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1162	longer necessary.
1163
116420180530:
1165	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1166	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1167	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1168	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1169
117020180523:
1171	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1172	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1173	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1174	later than r334108.
1175
117620180517:
1177	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1178	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1179	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1180	it must be removed.
1181
118220180510:
1183	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1184	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1185	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1186	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1187	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1188	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1189	will go away.
1190
1191	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1192	workaround is necessary.
1193
119420180508:
1195	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1196	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1197	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1198	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1199
120020180504:
1201	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1202	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1203	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1204	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1205	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1206
120720180502:
1208	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1209	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1210	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1211	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1212
121320180501:
1214	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1215	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1216	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1217	be removed.
1218
121920180413:
1220	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1221	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1222	removed.
1223
122420180411:
1225	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1226	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1227	removed.
1228
122920180406:
1230	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1231	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1232	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1233	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1234	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1235
1236	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1237	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1238	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1239	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1240	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1241	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1242	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1243
1244	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1245	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1246
1247		source src {
1248			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1249		}
1250
1251	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1252	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1253	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1254
1255		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1256
1257	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1258	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1259	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1260	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1261	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1262	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1263	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1264
1265	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1266	change.
1267
126820180328:
1269	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1270	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1271	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1272
127320180323:
1274	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1275	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1276	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1277	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1278	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1279	should be as simple as:
1280
1281		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1282		$ make depend all install
1283
128420180212:
1285	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1286	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1287	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1288	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1289	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1290	provisions for backup boot methods.
1291
129220180211:
1293	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1294	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1295	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1296	[email protected].
1297
129820180114:
1299	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1300	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1301	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1302	or higher.
1303
130420180110:
1305	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1306	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1307	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1308
1309	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1310	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1311
131220180110:
1313	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1314	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1315	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1316	remove it from kernel config files.
1317
131820180104:
1319	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1320	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1321	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1322
1323	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1324	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1325
132620180102:
1327	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1328	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1329	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1330	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1331
133220171215:
1333	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1334	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1335
133620171214:
1337	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1338	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1339	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1340	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1341
134220171125:
1343	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1344	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1345	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1346	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1347	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1348	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1349
135020171110:
1351	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1352	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1353	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1354
135520171106:
1356	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1357	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1358	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1359	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1360	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1361
136220171102:
1363	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1364	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1365	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1366	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1367	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1368	environment.
1369
137020171101:
1371	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1372	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1373	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1374	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1375	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1376	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1377	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1378	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1379	than hardcoding paths.
1380
138120171028:
1382	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1383	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1384	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1385
138620171021:
1387	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1388	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1389	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1390	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1391
139220171010:
1393	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1394	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1395
139620171005:
1397	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1398	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1399	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1400	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1401
140220171003:
1403	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1404	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1405	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1406	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1407	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1408
140920170912:
1410	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1411	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1412	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1413	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1414	/etc/ctl.conf .
1415
141620170912:
1417	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1418	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1419	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1420	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1421	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1422
142320170826:
1424	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1425	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1426
142720170825:
1428	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1429	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1430	to complete.
1431
143220170814:
1433	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1434	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1435	${TESTSDIR}.
1436
1437	Behavioral changes:
1438	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1439	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1440	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1441	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1442
1443	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1444	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1445	sandbox if successful.
1446
1447	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1448	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1449	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1450	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1451	an unprivileged user.
1452
145320170808:
1454	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1455	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1456	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1457	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1458	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1459	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1460	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1461	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1462	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1463	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1464	to which you should answer yes.
1465
146620170728:
1467	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1468	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1469	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1470	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1471	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1472
147320170722:
1474	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1475	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1476	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1477
147820170701:
1479	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1480	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1481
148220170625:
1483	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1484	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1485	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1486	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1487	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1488	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1489	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1490
149120170623:
1492	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1493	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1494	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1495	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1496	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1497	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1498
149920170620:
1500	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1501	if you require the GPL compiler.
1502
150320170618:
1504	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1505	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1506	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1507
150820170617:
1509	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1510	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1511	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1512	followed.
1513
151420170531:
1515	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1516	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1517	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1518	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1519	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1520	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1521
152220170524:
1523	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1524	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1525	which only require one chipset support.
1526
1527	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1528
1529	if_ath_load="YES"
1530
1531	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1532	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1533	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1534
1535	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1536	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1537
1538	* load ath_hal
1539	* load the chip modules in question
1540	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1541	* load ath_main
1542	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1543	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1544
1545	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1546
154720170523:
1548	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1549	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1550	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1551
1552	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1553	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1554	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1555
1556	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1557	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1558	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1559	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1560	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1561	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1562	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1563	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1564
156520170424:
1566	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1567	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1568	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1569
157020170420:
1571	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1572	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1573	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1574
157520170413:
1576	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1577	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1578	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1579	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1580	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1581	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1582	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1583
158420170407:
1585	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1586	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1587	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1588	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1589
159020170405:
1591	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1592	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1593	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1594
159520170331:
1596	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1597	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1598	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1599
160020170329:
1601	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1602	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1603
1604	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1605	via one of the following methods:
1606	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1607	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1608	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1609	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1610
1611	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1612
161320170316:
1614	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1615	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1616	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1617	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1618	with mmc.ko).
1619
162020170315:
1621	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1622	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1623	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1624	be prefixed with colon.
1625
162620170311:
1627	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1628	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1629	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1630
163120170302:
1632	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1633	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1634	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1635
163620170221:
1637	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1638	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1639	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1640	change.
1641
164220170216:
1643	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1644	valid.
1645
164620170215:
1647	MCA bus support has been removed.
1648
164920170127:
1650	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1651	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1652
165320170112:
1654	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1655	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1656
165720170109:
1658	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1659	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1660	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1661	configuration.
1662
166320161217:
1664	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1665	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1666	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1667
166820161124:
1669	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1670	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1671	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1672
167320161119:
1674	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1675	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1676	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1677
167820161030:
1679	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1680	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1681	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1682	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1683
168420161017:
1685	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1686	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1687	parts.
1688	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1689	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1690
169120161015:
1692	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1693	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1694	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1695	removed from base.
1696
169720161008:
1698	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1699	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1700	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1701
170220161003:
1703	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1704	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1705
170620160924:
1707	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1708	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1709	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1710	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1711
171220160918:
1713	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1714	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1715	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1716	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1717	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1718
171920160918:
1720	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1721
172220160908:
1723	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1724	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1725	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1726	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1727
172820160824:
1729	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1730	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1731	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1732	to 1200005.
1733
173420160818:
1735	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1736	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1737	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1738	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1739	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1740	0.
1741
174220160818:
1743	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1744	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1745
174620160708:
1747	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1748
1749After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1750from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1751entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1752UPDATING file.
1753
1754COMMON ITEMS:
1755
1756	General Notes
1757	-------------
1758	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1759	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1760	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1761	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1762	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1763	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1764	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1765	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1766
1767	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1768	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1769	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1770	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1771	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1772	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1773	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1774	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1775	an exception.
1776
1777	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1778	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1779	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1780	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1781	step.
1782
1783	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1784	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1785	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1786	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1787
1788	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1789	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1790	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1791	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1792	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1793	should write them with this in mind.
1794
1795	ZFS notes
1796	---------
1797	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1798	always follow these three steps:
1799
1800	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1801	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1802
1803	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1804	doing a zpool upgrade):
1805
1806	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1807	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1808		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1809	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1810
1811	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1812	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1813	zpool upgrade.
1814
1815	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1816
1817	EFI notes
1818	---------
1819
1820	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1821	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1822	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1823	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1824	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1825	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1826	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1827	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1828
1829	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1830	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1831	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1832	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1833
1834	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1835	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1836	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1837	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1838
1839	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1840
1841	To build a kernel
1842	-----------------
1843	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1844	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1845	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1846
1847	make kernel-toolchain
1848	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1849	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1850
1851	To test a kernel once
1852	---------------------
1853	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1854	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1855	debugging information) run
1856	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1857	nextboot -k testkernel
1858
1859	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1860	-----------------------------------------------------------
1861	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1862	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1863
1864	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1865	make buildworld
1866	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1867	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1868							[1]
1869	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1870	etcupdate -p					[5]
1871	make installworld
1872	etcupdate -B					[4]
1873	make delete-old					[6]
1874	<reboot>
1875
1876	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1877	--------------------------------------------------
1878	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1879	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1880	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1881	# size.
1882
1883	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1884	<boot into -stable>
1885	make buildworld
1886	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1887	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1888	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1889	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1890	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1891	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1892	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1893	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1894	<reboot into current>
1895	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1896	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1897	<reboot>
1898
1899
1900	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1901	----------------------------------------------
1902	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1903	make buildworld					[9]
1904	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1905	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1906							[1]
1907	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1908	etcupdate -p					[5]
1909	make installworld
1910	etcupdate -B					[4]
1911	make delete-old					[6]
1912	<reboot>
1913
1914	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1915	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1916	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1917	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1918	the UPDATING entries.
1919
1920	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1921	[email protected].  Make sure that before you update
1922	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1923	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1924	much fewer pitfalls.
1925
1926	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1927	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1928	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1929	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
1930	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1931	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1932	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1933	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1934	and effective, eg:
1935	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1936
1937	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1938		fsck -p
1939		mount -u /
1940		mount -a
1941		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1942		cd src			# full path to source
1943		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1944	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1945	into single user mode to do the installworld.
1946
1947	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1948	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1949	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1950	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1951	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1952	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
1953
1954	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1955	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1956	step.
1957
1958	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1959	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1960	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1961
1962	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1963	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1964	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1965	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
1966	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1967	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1968	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
1969	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1970
1971	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1972	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
1973	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
1974	for these as well.
1975
1976	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1977	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1978	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1979
1980	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1981	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1982	warn if it is improperly defined.
1983FORMAT:
1984
1985This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1986breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1987list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1988If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1989to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1990
1991Copyright information:
1992
1993Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>
1994
1995Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1996modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1997document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1998
1999THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2000IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2001WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2002DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2003INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2004(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2005SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2006HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2007STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2008IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2009POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2010
2011Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2012this document.
2013