xref: /freebsd-14.2/UPDATING (revision 1e8b00a1)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD stable/14.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
1520240202:
16	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
17	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
18	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
19	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
20
21	The following sequencing is applied:
22
23	1. Bootstrap:
24	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
25
26	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
27	    /boot/device.hints
28	    /boot/loader.conf
29
30	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
31	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
32
33	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
34	    /boot/loader.conf.local
35
3620240415:
37	MFC e0f3dc82727f: If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will
38	need to update your loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this
39	point.  Detection of ACPI was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts
40	could use it, but old binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no
41	ACPI' in this case.
42
4320240218:
44	MFC of 713db49d06de changed 'struct ieee80211vap' internals in net80211.
45	Given we do not have enough spares and the struct is allocated by
46	drivers, all wireless drivers have to be recompiled.
47	__FreeBSD_version is updated to 1400509 to track this change.
48
4920240207:
50	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
51	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
52	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
53	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
54	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
55
5620231113:
57	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
58	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
59
6020240119:
61	Commit d34f4baaf138 changed the internal interface between
62	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
63	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, bump __FreeBSD_version
64	to 1400506.
65
6620231229:
67	Commit 925d9b3abac2 modified the internal API between
68	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.
69	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
70	sources.  Therefore, the __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
71	to 1400503.
72
7320231224:
74	Commits acc704b36192 and b8e137d8d32d both modified the
75	internal API between the kgssapi and krpc modules.
76	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
77	sources.
78	As such, __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1400502.
79
8020230924:
81	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
82	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
83
84
8520230924:
86	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
87	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
88	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
89	for these file moves:
90
91		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
92		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
93		pkg upgrade -y
94
9520230824:
96	__FreeBSD_version 1400097 after the branching stable/14 from main.
97
9820230817:
99	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
100	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
101	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
102	configuration.
103
104	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
105	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
106	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
107	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
108	with the serial port at 115200.
109
11020230807:
111	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
112	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
113	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
114	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
115	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
116
11720230803:
118	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
119	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
120
12120230724:
122	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
123	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
124	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
125	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
126	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
127
12820230629:
129	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
130	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
131	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
132	file a PR and assign it to imp.
133
13420230623:
135	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
136	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
137	after upgrading.
138
13920230619:
140	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
141	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
142	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
143	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
144
145		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
146		service pf restart
147
148	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
149	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
150
15120230613:
152	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
153	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
154	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
155	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
156	already properly quoted or escaped.
157
15820230612:
159	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
160	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
161	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
162	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
163	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
164	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
165	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
166	please email [email protected] about why.
167
168	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
169	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
170
17120230422:
172	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
173	using git instead.
174
17520230420:
176	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
177	eg.
178		make buildworld-jobs
179	runs
180		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
181
182	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
183
18420230316:
185	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
186	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
187	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
188	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
189	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
190	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
191	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
192	exist anymore.
193
19420230221:
195	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
196	for details.
197
19820230206:
199	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
200	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
201	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
202
20320230204:
204	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
205	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
206
20720230130:
208	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
209	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
210	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
211
21220230126:
213	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
214	system are now built unconditionally.
215
21620230113:
217	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
218	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
219
22020221212:
221	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
222	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
223
224	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
225	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
226	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
227
22820221205:
229	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
230	to reenable sendmail(8):
231
232	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
233
234	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
235
23620221204:
237	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
238	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
239	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
240	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
241	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
242	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
243
244	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
245
24620221122:
247	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
248	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
249	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
250
25120221121:
252	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
253	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
254
25520221026:
256	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
257	for pkgbase users to do:
258
259	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
260	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
261
262	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
263	installed.
264
26520221002:
266	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
267	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
268	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
269	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
270
27120220610:
272	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
273	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
274
27520211230:
276	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
277	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
278	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
279	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
280	reflect this change.
281
28220211214:
283	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
284	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
285
28620211209:
287	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
288	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
289	the coming days and weeks.
290
291	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
292	or touch
293		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
294		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
295		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
296		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
297	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
298
29920211202:
300	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
301	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
302	statement in unbound.conf:
303		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
304
305	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
306
307	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
308	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
309	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
310	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
311	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
312	such names when roaming to different homenets.
313
31420211110:
315	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
316	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
317	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
318	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
319	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
320	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
321	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
322	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
323	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
324	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
325	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
326
32720211118:
328	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
329	tree shortly.
330
33120211106:
332	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
333	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
334	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
335	may need to be modified.
336
33720211022:
338	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
339	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
340	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
341
34220211020:
343	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
344	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
345
346	# chsh -s csh
347
34820211004:
349	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
350	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
351	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
352	this change.
353
35420210923:
355	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
356	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
357	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
358	list of modules to load on their systems.
359
36020210922:
361	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
362	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
363	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
364	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
365
36620210911:
367	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
368	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
369	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
370	being loaded.
371
37220210817:
373	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
374	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
375	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
376	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
377	application-specific configuration option for applications
378	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
379
38020210811:
381	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
382	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
383
38420210730:
385	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
386	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
387	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
388	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
389
39020210729:
391	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
392	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
393	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
394
39520210716:
396	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
397	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
398	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
399
40020210715:
401	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
402	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
403	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
404	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
405	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
406	to update your sources past the above hash and do
407		% cd usr.bin/awk
408		% make clean all
409		% sudo -E make install
410	to enable building kernels again.
411
41220210708:
413	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
414	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
415	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
416
41720210707:
418	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
419	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
420
42120210624:
422	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
423	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
424	for NFSv4 mounts.
425	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
426
42720210618:
428	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
429	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
430	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
431	additions and others.
432
43320210618:
434	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
435	renamed to "untrusted".
436
43720210611:
438	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
439	please install the svn package or port.
440
44120210611:
442	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
443	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
444	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
445
44620210610:
447	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
448
44920210608:
450	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
451	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
452https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
453	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
454	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
455	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
456	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
457
45820210525:
459	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
460	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
461	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
462	detect this.
463
46420210513:
465	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
466	libraries and utilities are packaged.
467	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
468	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
469	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
470	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
471	on the system.
472
47320210426:
474	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
475	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
476	need to be rebuilt from sources.
477	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
478	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
479	is not recommended.
480
48120210411:
482	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
483	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
484	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
485	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
486	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
487	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
488
48920210330:
490	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
491	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
492	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
493	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
494
49520210225:
496	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
497	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
498	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
499
50020210128:
501	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
502	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
503	update.
504
50520210108:
506	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
507	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
508	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
509	since it was bumped so recently.
510
51120210107:
512	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
513	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
514	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
515	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
516
51720210105:
518	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
519	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
520	requires a clean build.
521
52220201223:
523	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
524	instructions can be found at
525	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
526	and other documents in that repo.
527
52820201216:
529	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
530	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
531	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
532	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
533
53420201215:
535	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
536	may be installed from ports or packages.
537
53820201124:
539	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
540	See ping(8) for details.
541
54220201108:
543	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
544	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
545	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
546
54720201030:
548	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
549	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
550	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
551	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
552	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
553
55420201026:
555	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
556	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
557	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
558	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
559	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
560	find.
561
56220200923:
563	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
564	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
565	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
566	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
567
568	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
569	command you want to un-auger the tree is
570		cd sys/amd64/conf
571		svn revert -R .
572	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
573	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
574
57520200824:
576	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
577	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
578	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
579	unless you  want to use new features.
580
581	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
582	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
583	rebuilding world may fail.
584
585	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
586	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
587
588	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
589	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
590	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
591	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
592
59320200824:
594	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
595	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
596	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
597	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
598
59920200821:
600	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
601	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
602	sources.
603
60420200817:
605	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
606	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
607
60820200816:
609	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
610	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
611	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
612	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
613
61420200810:
615	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
616	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
617	from sources, so a version bump was done.
618
61920200807:
620	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
621	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
622	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
623	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
624
62520200729:
626	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
627	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
628	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
629	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
630	continue to function.
631
632	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
633	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
634	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
635	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
636
63720200627:
638	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
639	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
640	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
641	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
642	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
643	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
644	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
645
64620200625:
647	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
648	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
649
65020200613:
651	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
652	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
653	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
654
65520200604:
656	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
657	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
658	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
659	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
660
661	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
662	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
663	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
664	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
665	/root/.shrc.
666
66720200523:
668	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
669	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
670	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
671	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
672
67320200512:
674	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
675	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
676
67720200424:
678	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
679	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
680	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
681	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
682	be functional without closefrom(2).
683
68420200414:
685	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
686	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
687	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
688	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
689	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
690	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
691
69220200310:
693	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
694	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
695	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
696	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
697
69820200309:
699	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
700	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
701	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
702
70320200301:
704	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
705
70620200229:
707	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
708	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
709	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
710
71120200229:
712	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
713	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
714
71520200229:
716	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
717	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
718	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
719	ports or packages.
720
72120200220:
722	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
723	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
724	ncurses.
725
72620200217:
727	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
728	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
729	together with their new kernel.
730
73120200212:
732	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
733	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
734	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
735
736	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
737	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
738
73920200108:
740	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
741	linker for riscv64.
742
74320200107:
744	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
745	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
746	external toolchain package.
747
74820200104:
749	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
750	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
751	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
752	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
753	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
754
75520200102:
756	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
757	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
758	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
759	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
760
76120191226:
762	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
763	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
764	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
765	ABI.
766
76720191226:
768	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
769
77020191222:
771	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
772	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
773	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
774	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
775
77620191212:
777	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
778	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
779	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
780
78120191205:
782	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
783	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
784	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
785	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
786	differences between those included in the port and those included in
787	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
788	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
789	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
790
79120191120:
792	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
793	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
794	for automounting.
795
79620191107:
797	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
798	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
799	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
800	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
801	add superio to the set.
802
80320191021:
804	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
805	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
806
80720191021:
808	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
809	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
810	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
811	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
812	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
813	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
814	completely in the future.
815
81620191009:
817	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
818	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
819	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
820	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
821	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
822	will be removed from the list.
823
82420191009:
825	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
826	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
827	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
828	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
829
83020191003:
831	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
832	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
833	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
834	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
835
83620190913:
837	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
838	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
839	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
840	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
841
84220190823:
843	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
844	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
845	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
846
84720190727:
848	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
849	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
850	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
851	your scripts, because they had no effect.
852
853	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
854	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
855	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
856	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
857	a non-default value, please tell [email protected] why.
858
85920190713:
860	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
861	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
862	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
863	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
864	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
865	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
866	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
867
86820190620:
869	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
870	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
871	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
872	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
873
87420190612:
875	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
876	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
877	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
878	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
879
88020190608:
881	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
882	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
883	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
884
88520190513:
886	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
887	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
888	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
889	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
890	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
891	avoid running into the limit.
892
89320190507:
894	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
895	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
896
89720190507:
898	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
899	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
900	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
901	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
902	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
903	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
904
90520190418:
906	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
907	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
908	entropy:
909
910	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
911	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
912	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
913	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
914	availability properties.
915
916	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
917	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
918	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
919	initial condition, if desired.
920
921	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
922	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
923
924	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
925	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
926	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
927	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
928
92920190416:
930	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
931	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
932	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
933	therefore unblocked).
934
93520190404:
936	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
937	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
938	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
939	is added to the command line.
940	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
941	not affected and should continue to work.
942
94320190320:
944	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
945	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
946	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
947	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
948
94920190304:
950	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
951	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
952	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
953	or higher.
954
95520190226:
956	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
957	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
958	kernel config.
959
96020190219:
961	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
962	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
963	migrating to the drm ports.
964
96520190131:
966	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
967	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
968	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
969	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
970	is loaded automatically.
971
97220190125:
973	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
974	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
975	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
976	kernel config files.
977
97820181230:
979	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
980	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
981	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
982	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
983
98420181220:
985	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
986	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
987	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
988	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
989	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
990	most NFSv4 mounts.
991
99220181219:
993	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
994	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
995	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
996
997	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
998	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
999
1000	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1001	removed from the mips port.
1002
100320181211:
1004	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1005	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1006	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1007	or higher.
1008
100920181211:
1010	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1011	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1012
101320181126:
1014	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1015	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1016	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1017	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1018
101920181123:
1020	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1021	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1022	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1023
102420181115:
1025	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1026	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1027	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1028	FreeBSD versions.
1029
103020181110:
1031	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1032	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1033	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1034
1035	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1036	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1037	being included using the command:
1038		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1039
104020181015:
1041	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1042	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1043	drm-legacy-kmod.
1044
1045	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1046	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1047	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1048	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1049	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1050	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1051	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1052	that as you will get better support.
1053
1054	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1055	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1056	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1057	asap and report any issues to [email protected].
1058
1059	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1060	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1061	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1062	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1063	shortly.
1064
106520181012:
1066	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1067	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1068	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1069	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1070	be adjusted as necessary.
1071
107220181009:
1073	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1074	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1075	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1076	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1077
107820181006:
1079	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1080	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1081	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1082	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1083	encouraged.
1084
108520181002:
1086	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1087	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1088	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1089	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1090	nda device name.
1091
109220180913:
1093	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1094	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1095	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1096	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1097	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1098	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1099
110020180826:
1101	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1102	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1103	default since FreeBSD-11.
1104
110520180822:
1106	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1107	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1108	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1109
111020180818:
1111	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1112	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1113	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1114	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1115	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1116	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1117	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1118
1119	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1120	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1121
112220180815:
1123	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1124	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1125	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1126	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1127	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1128	may not be observed in a future release.
1129
113020180808:
1131	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1132	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1133	your environment.
1134
113520180731:
1136	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1137	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1138	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1139	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1140
114120180730:
1142	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1143	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1144	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1145	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1146	runtime services.
1147
114820180727:
1149	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1150	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1151	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1152
115320180723:
1154	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1155	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1156	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1157	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1158	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1159
116020180720:
1161	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1162	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1163	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1164	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1165	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1166	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1167
116820180719:
1169	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1170	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1171	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1172	boot_serial=YES
1173	boot_multicons=YES
1174	in /boot/loader.conf
1175	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1176	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1177	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1178
117920180719:
1180	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1181	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1182	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1183	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1184	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1185	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1186	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1187	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1188	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1189	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1190	by the ntpd user.
1191
119220180717:
1193	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1194
119520180711:
1196	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1197	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1198	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1199	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1200	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1201
120220180705:
1203	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1204	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1205	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1206	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1207	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1208	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1209
121020180702:
1211	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1212	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1213
121420180701:
1215	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1216	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1217	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1218	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1219	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1220	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1221	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1222
122320180630:
1224	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1225	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1226	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1227	or higher.
1228
122920180628:
1230	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1231	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1232	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1233	file.
1234
123520180612:
1236	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1237	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1238
123920180530:
1240	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1241	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1242	longer necessary.
1243
124420180530:
1245	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1246	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1247	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1248	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1249
125020180523:
1251	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1252	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1253	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1254	later than r334108.
1255
125620180517:
1257	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1258	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1259	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1260	it must be removed.
1261
126220180510:
1263	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1264	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1265	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1266	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1267	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1268	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1269	will go away.
1270
1271	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1272	workaround is necessary.
1273
127420180508:
1275	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1276	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1277	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1278	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1279
128020180504:
1281	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1282	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1283	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1284	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1285	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1286
128720180502:
1288	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1289	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1290	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1291	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1292
129320180501:
1294	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1295	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1296	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1297	be removed.
1298
129920180413:
1300	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1301	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1302	removed.
1303
130420180411:
1305	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1306	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1307	removed.
1308
130920180406:
1310	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1311	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1312	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1313	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1314	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1315
1316	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1317	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1318	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1319	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1320	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1321	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1322	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1323
1324	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1325	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1326
1327		source src {
1328			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1329		}
1330
1331	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1332	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1333	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1334
1335		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1336
1337	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1338	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1339	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1340	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1341	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1342	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1343	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1344
1345	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1346	change.
1347
134820180328:
1349	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1350	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1351	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1352
135320180323:
1354	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1355	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1356	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1357	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1358	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1359	should be as simple as:
1360
1361		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1362		$ make depend all install
1363
136420180212:
1365	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1366	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1367	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1368	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1369	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1370	provisions for backup boot methods.
1371
137220180211:
1373	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1374	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1375	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1376	[email protected].
1377
137820180114:
1379	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1380	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1381	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1382	or higher.
1383
138420180110:
1385	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1386	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1387	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1388
1389	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1390	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1391
139220180110:
1393	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1394	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1395	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1396	remove it from kernel config files.
1397
139820180104:
1399	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1400	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1401	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1402
1403	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1404	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1405
140620180102:
1407	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1408	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1409	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1410	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1411
141220171215:
1413	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1414	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1415
141620171214:
1417	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1418	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1419	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1420	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1421
142220171125:
1423	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1424	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1425	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1426	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1427	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1428	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1429
143020171110:
1431	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1432	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1433	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1434
143520171106:
1436	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1437	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1438	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1439	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1440	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1441
144220171102:
1443	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1444	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1445	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1446	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1447	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1448	environment.
1449
145020171101:
1451	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1452	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1453	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1454	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1455	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1456	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1457	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1458	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1459	than hardcoding paths.
1460
146120171028:
1462	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1463	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1464	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1465
146620171021:
1467	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1468	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1469	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1470	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1471
147220171010:
1473	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1474	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1475
147620171005:
1477	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1478	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1479	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1480	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1481
148220171003:
1483	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1484	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1485	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1486	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1487	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1488
148920170912:
1490	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1491	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1492	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1493	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1494	/etc/ctl.conf .
1495
149620170912:
1497	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1498	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1499	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1500	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1501	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1502
150320170826:
1504	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1505	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1506
150720170825:
1508	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1509	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1510	to complete.
1511
151220170814:
1513	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1514	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1515	${TESTSDIR}.
1516
1517	Behavioral changes:
1518	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1519	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1520	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1521	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1522
1523	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1524	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1525	sandbox if successful.
1526
1527	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1528	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1529	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1530	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1531	an unprivileged user.
1532
153320170808:
1534	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1535	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1536	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1537	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1538	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1539	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1540	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1541	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1542	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1543	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1544	to which you should answer yes.
1545
154620170728:
1547	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1548	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1549	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1550	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1551	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1552
155320170722:
1554	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1555	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1556	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1557
155820170701:
1559	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1560	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1561
156220170625:
1563	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1564	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1565	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1566	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1567	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1568	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1569	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1570
157120170623:
1572	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1573	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1574	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1575	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1576	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1577	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1578
157920170620:
1580	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1581	if you require the GPL compiler.
1582
158320170618:
1584	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1585	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1586	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1587
158820170617:
1589	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1590	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1591	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1592	followed.
1593
159420170531:
1595	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1596	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1597	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1598	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1599	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1600	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1601
160220170524:
1603	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1604	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1605	which only require one chipset support.
1606
1607	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1608
1609	if_ath_load="YES"
1610
1611	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1612	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1613	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1614
1615	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1616	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1617
1618	* load ath_hal
1619	* load the chip modules in question
1620	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1621	* load ath_main
1622	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1623	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1624
1625	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1626
162720170523:
1628	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1629	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1630	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1631
1632	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1633	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1634	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1635
1636	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1637	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1638	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1639	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1640	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1641	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1642	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1643	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1644
164520170424:
1646	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1647	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1648	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1649
165020170420:
1651	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1652	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1653	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1654
165520170413:
1656	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1657	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1658	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1659	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1660	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1661	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1662	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1663
166420170407:
1665	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1666	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1667	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1668	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1669
167020170405:
1671	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1672	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1673	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1674
167520170331:
1676	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1677	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1678	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1679
168020170329:
1681	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1682	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1683
1684	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1685	via one of the following methods:
1686	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1687	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1688	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1689	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1690
1691	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1692
169320170316:
1694	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1695	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1696	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1697	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1698	with mmc.ko).
1699
170020170315:
1701	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1702	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1703	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1704	be prefixed with colon.
1705
170620170311:
1707	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1708	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1709	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1710
171120170302:
1712	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1713	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1714	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1715
171620170221:
1717	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1718	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1719	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1720	change.
1721
172220170216:
1723	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1724	valid.
1725
172620170215:
1727	MCA bus support has been removed.
1728
172920170127:
1730	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1731	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1732
173320170112:
1734	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1735	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1736
173720170109:
1738	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1739	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1740	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1741	configuration.
1742
174320161217:
1744	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1745	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1746	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1747
174820161124:
1749	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1750	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1751	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1752
175320161119:
1754	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1755	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1756	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1757
175820161030:
1759	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1760	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1761	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1762	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1763
176420161017:
1765	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1766	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1767	parts.
1768	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1769	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1770
177120161015:
1772	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1773	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1774	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1775	removed from base.
1776
177720161008:
1778	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1779	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1780	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1781
178220161003:
1783	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1784	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1785
178620160924:
1787	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1788	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1789	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1790	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1791
179220160918:
1793	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1794	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1795	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1796	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1797	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1798
179920160918:
1800	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1801
180220160908:
1803	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1804	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1805	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1806	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1807
180820160824:
1809	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1810	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1811	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1812	to 1200005.
1813
181420160818:
1815	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1816	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1817	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1818	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1819	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1820	0.
1821
182220160818:
1823	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1824	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1825
182620160708:
1827	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1828
1829After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1830from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1831entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1832UPDATING file.
1833
1834COMMON ITEMS:
1835
1836	General Notes
1837	-------------
1838	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1839	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1840	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1841	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1842	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1843	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1844	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1845	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1846
1847	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1848	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1849	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1850	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1851	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1852	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1853	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1854	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1855	an exception.
1856
1857	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1858	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1859	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1860	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1861	step.
1862
1863	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1864	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1865	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1866	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1867
1868	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1869	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1870	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1871	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1872	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1873	should write them with this in mind.
1874
1875	ZFS notes
1876	---------
1877	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1878	always follow these three steps:
1879
1880	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1881	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1882
1883	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1884	doing a zpool upgrade):
1885
1886	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1887	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1888		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1889	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1890
1891	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1892	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1893	zpool upgrade.
1894
1895	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1896
1897	EFI notes
1898	---------
1899
1900	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1901	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1902	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1903	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1904	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1905	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1906	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1907	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1908
1909	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1910	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1911	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1912	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1913
1914	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1915	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1916	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1917	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1918
1919	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1920
1921	To build a kernel
1922	-----------------
1923	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1924	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1925	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1926
1927	make kernel-toolchain
1928	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1929	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1930
1931	To test a kernel once
1932	---------------------
1933	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1934	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1935	debugging information) run
1936	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1937	nextboot -k testkernel
1938
1939	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1940	-----------------------------------------------------------
1941	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1942	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1943
1944	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1945	make buildworld
1946	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1947	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1948							[1]
1949	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1950	etcupdate -p					[5]
1951	make installworld
1952	etcupdate -B					[4]
1953	make delete-old					[6]
1954	<reboot>
1955
1956	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1957	--------------------------------------------------
1958	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1959	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1960	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1961	# size.
1962
1963	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1964	<boot into -stable>
1965	make buildworld
1966	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1967	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1968	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1969	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1970	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1971	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1972	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1973	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1974	<reboot into current>
1975	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1976	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1977	<reboot>
1978
1979
1980	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1981	----------------------------------------------
1982	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1983	make buildworld					[9]
1984	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1985	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1986							[1]
1987	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1988	etcupdate -p					[5]
1989	make installworld
1990	etcupdate -B					[4]
1991	make delete-old					[6]
1992	<reboot>
1993
1994	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1995	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1996	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1997	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1998	the UPDATING entries.
1999
2000	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2001	[email protected].  Make sure that before you update
2002	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2003	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2004	much fewer pitfalls.
2005
2006	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2007	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2008	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2009	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2010	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2011	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2012	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2013	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2014	and effective, eg:
2015	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2016
2017	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2018		fsck -p
2019		mount -u /
2020		mount -a
2021		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2022		cd src			# full path to source
2023		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2024	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2025	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2026
2027	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2028	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2029	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2030	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2031	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2032	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2033
2034	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2035	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2036	step.
2037
2038	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2039	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2040	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2041
2042	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2043	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2044	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2045	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2046	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2047	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2048	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2049	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2050
2051	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2052	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2053	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2054	for these as well.
2055
2056	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2057	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2058	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2059
2060	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2061	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2062	warn if it is improperly defined.
2063FORMAT:
2064
2065This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2066breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2067list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2068If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2069to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2070
2071Copyright information:
2072
2073Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>
2074
2075Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2076modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2077document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2078
2079THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2080IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2081WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2082DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2083INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2084(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2085SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2086HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2087STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2088IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2089POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2090
2091Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2092this document.
2093